IN PHN

I KHI NIM S in phn l qu trnh oxi ha kh xy ra b mt cc in cc khi c dng in mt chiu i qua cht in li nng chy hoc dung dch cht in li. S in phn l qu trnh s dng in nng to ra s bin i ha hc. Trong qu trnh in phn, di tc dng ca in trng cc cation di chuyn v cc m (catot) cn cc anion di chuyn v in cc dng (anot), ti xy ra phn ng trn cc in cc (s phng in). Ti catot xy ra qu trnh kh cation (Mn+ + ne M) cn ti anot xy ra qu trnh oxi ha anion (Xn- X + ne). Ngi ta phn bit: in phn cht in li nng chy, in phn dung dch cht in li trong nc, in phn dng in cc dng tan. II S IN PHN CC CHT IN LI 1. in phn cht in li nng chy Trong thc t, ngi ta thng tin hnh in phn nhng hp cht (mui, baz, oxit) nng chy ca cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Li, Na, K, Ba, Ca, Mg, Al a) in phn nng chy mui clorua (Ch p dng iu ch kim loi kim v kim th) Tng qut: V d 1: in phn NaCl nng chy c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) NaCl Anot ( + )

2| Na+ + e Na.................2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

Phng trnh in phn l: 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 (pnc) Cn c mng ngn khng cho Cl2 tc dng tr li vi Na trng thi nng chy lm gim hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn. Mt s cht ph gia nh NaF, KCl gip lm gim nhit nng chy ca h

b) in phn nng chy hiroxit Tng qut: Catot (-): 2M+ +2e2M Anot (+): 2OH- -2e

(Ch p dng iu ch cc kim loi kim: Na, K)

V d 2: in phn NaOH nng chy c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) NaOH Anot ( + )

4| Na+ + 1e Na ........................ 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e Phng trnh in phn l: 4NaOH 4Na + O2 + 2H2O c) in phn nng chy oxit: (Ch dng iu ch Al) V d 3: in phn Al2O3 nng chy pha thm criolit (Na3AlF6) c th biu din bng s : Catot ( ) Al2O3 Anot ( + )

4| Al3+ + 3e Al ................................ 3/2 O2- O2 + 4e Phng trnh in phn l: 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2

* Vai tr ca criolit (Na3AlF6): + Criolit (Na3AlF6) c vai tr quan trng nht l lm gim nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 t 2050oC xung khong 900oC. + + Lm tng dn in ca h. To lp ngn cch gia cc sn phm in phn v mi trng ngoi.

* Ch nu anot lm bng than ch: Nu in cc lm bng graphit (than ch) th s b kh sinh ra anot n mn.

Phng trnh phn ng in phn cho c 2 cc l:

Kh anot sinh ra thng l hn hp kh CO, CO2 v O2. n gin ngi ta thng ch xt phng trnh: 2. in phn dung dch cht in li trong nc Trong s in phn dung dch, ngoi cc ion do cht in li phn li ra cn c cc ion H+ v OH- ca nc. Do vic xc nh sn phm ca s in phn phc tp hn. Ty thuc vo tnh kh v tnh oxi ha ca cc ion c trong bnh in phn m ta thu c nhng sn phm khc nhau. V d khi in phn dung dch NaCl, cc ion Na+, H+ (H2O) di chuyn v catot cn cc ion Cl-, OH-(H2O) di chuyn v anot. Ion no trong s chng s phng in cc in cc. C s gii quyt vn ny l da vo cc gi tr th oxi ha kh ca cc cp. Trong qu trnh in phn, trn catot din ra s kh. V vy khi c nhiu dng oxi ha th trc ht dng oxi ha ca cp c th ln hn s b kh trc. Ngc li trn anot s din ra s oxi ha dng kh ca cp c th oxi ha kh nh nht trc.

a) Kh nng phng in ca cc cation catot: catot c th xy ra cc qu trnh kh sau y: Mn+ + ne M 2H+(axit) + 2e H2 Hoc ion hiro ca nc b kh: 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OHDng oxi ha ca nhng cp c th cng ln cng d b kh. Theo dy th oxi ha kh th kh nng b kh ca cc ion kim loi nh sau: + dn + + Cc cation t Zn2+ n cui dy Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ag+ d b kh nht v th t tng T Al3+ n cc ion u dy Na+, Ca2+, K+ khng b kh trong dung dch Cc ion H+ ca axit d b kh hn cc ion H+ ca nc

b) Kh nng phng in ca cc anion anot: anot xy ra qu trnh oxi ha cc anion gc axit nh Cl-, S2-hoc ion OH- ca baz kim hoc nc 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e Hoc ion OH- ca nc b oxi ha: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e Dng kh ca nhng cp c th oxi ha kh cng nh cng d b oxi ha. Theo dy th oxi ha kh th kh nng b oxi ha ca cc anion nh sau: + Cc anion gc axit khng cha oxi d b oxi ha nht theo th t: RCOO-< Cl-<Br2<I <S + + Cc anion gc axit nh NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, CO32-, ClO4-khng b oxi ha Ring cc ion OH- ca kim hoc ca nc kh b oxi ha hn cc ion S2-, I-, Br-, Cl-

+ Nu khi in phn khng dng cc anot tr nh graphit, platin (Pt) m dng cc kim loi nh Ni, Cu, Agth cc kim loi ny d b oxi ha hn cc anion v th oxi ha kh ca chng thp hn, v do chng tan vo dung dch (anot tan) c) Mt s v d: V d 1: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi anot tr Catot ( ) CuCl2 Anot ( + )

Cu2+ + 2e Cu ................................... 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e Phng trnh in phn l: CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 V d 2: in phn dung dch NaCl bo ha vi in cc tr c mng ngn Catot ( ) NaCl Anot ( + )

H2O, Na+ ............. (H2O).............. Cl-, H2O 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

Phng trnh in phn l: 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2

Nu khng c mng ngn th: Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O nn phng trnh in phn l: NaCl + H2O NaClO + H2 V d 3: in phn dung dch NiSO4 vi anot tr Catot ( ) Ni2+, H2O NiSO4 Anot ( + ) H2O, SO422H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e

........... (H2O)............ Ni2+ + 2e Ni

Phng trnh in phn l: 2NiSO4 + 2H2O 2Ni + 2H2SO4 + O2 V d 4: in phn dung dch NiSO4 vi anot bng Cu Catot ( ) Ni2+, H2O............ Ni2+ + 2e Ni NiSO4 Cu ( + )

(H2O)............... H2O, SO42Cu Cu2+ + 2e

Phng trnh in phn l: NiSO4 + CuCuSO4 + Ni V d 5: in phn dung dch hn hp cha FeCl3, CuCl2 v HCl vi anot tr Catot ( ) FeCl3, CuCl2, HCl Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2H+ + 2e H2 Fe2+ + 2e Fe Qu trnh in phn ln lt xy ra cc in cc l: 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + Cl2 CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 2HClH2 + Cl2 FeCl2 Fe + Cl2 III. NH LUT FARADAY 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e Anot ( + )

Khi lng n cht gii phng mi in cc t l vi in lng i qua dung dch v ng lng ca n cht

Trong : + + + + + m: khi lng cht gii phng in cc (gam) A: khi lng mol nguyn t ca cht thu c in cc n: s electron m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc nhn I: cng dng in (A) t: thi gian in phn (s)

+ F: hng s Faraday l in tch ca 1 mol electron hay in lng cn thit 1 mol electron chuyn di trong mch catot hoc anot (F = 1,602.10-19.6,022.1023 96500 C.mol-1) + : ng lng gam ha hc

V d: in phn 100 ml dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr c mng ngn vi cng dng in I = 1,93A. Dung dch thu c sau khi in phn c pH = 12. Bit th tch dung dch khng i, clo khng ha tan trong nc v hiu sut in phn 100%. Thi gian tin hnh in phn l: A. 50 s Gii: Ta c: pH = 12 [OH-] = 10-2 Ti catot () xy ra phn ng: 2H2O + 2eH2 + 2OHB. 60 s C. 100 s D. 200 s

IV. NG DNG CA IN PHN S in phn c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

iu ch cc kim loi iu ch mt s phi kim nh: H2, O2, F2, Cl2 2. iu ch mt s hp cht nh: NaOH, H2O2, nc Gia ven Tinh ch mt s kim loi nh: Cu, Pb, Zn. Fe. Ag, Au M in

in phn vi anot tan cng c dng trong m in, nhm bo v kim loi khi b n mn v to v p cho vt m. Anot l kim loi dng m (nh hnh v l vng) cn catot l vt cn m (ci tha). Lp m thng rt mng, c dy t 5.10-5 1.10-3 cm. V. MT S C S GII BI TP V IN PHN 1. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: + + + Khi lng catot tng chnh l khi lng kim loi to thnh sau in phn bm vo. m (dung dch sau in phn) = m (dung dch trc in phn) (m kt ta + m kh) gim khi lng ca dung dch: m = (m kt ta + m kh)

2. Khi in phn cc dung dch: + + + Hiroxit ca kim loi hot ng ha hc mnh (KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2,) Axit c oxi (HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4,) Mui to bi axit c oxi v baz kim (KNO3, Na2SO4,)

Thc t l in phn H2O cho H2 ( catot) v O2 ( anot) 3. Khi in phn dung dch vi anot l mt kim loi khng tr (khng phi Pt hay in cc than ch) th ti anot ch xy ra qu trnh oxi ha in cc 4. Khi in phn c th c cc phn ng ph xy ra gia tng cp: cht to thnh in cc, cht tan trong dung dch, cht dng lm in cc. V d: + in phn nng chy Al2O3 (c Na3AlF6) vi anot lm bng than ch th in cc b n mn dn do chng chy trong oxi mi sinh. + in phn dung dch NaCl khng mng ngn to ra nc Giaven v c kh H2 thot ra catot. + Phn ng gia axit trong dung dch vi kim loi bm trn catot

5. Vit phng trnh in phn tng qut (nh nhng phng trnh ha hc thng thng) tnh ton khi cn thit (thng trong nhng bi ton khng lin quan ti I, t) 6. C th tnh ton hay bin lun theo s mol e trao i: Bi ton in phn thng xoay quanh 3 yu t: cng dng in I, thi gian in phn t v lng n cht thot ra in cc. s cho 2 trong 3 d kin v yu cu xc nh d kin cn li. Trong cc bi ton ny, c th ch cn tnh s mol e trao i m khng cn vit phng trnh phn ng in phn. T cng thc Faraday: (*) + + ne chnh l s mol e trao i gia cc cht in phn hai in cc. F = 96500 nu t tnh theo giy v 26,8 nu t tnh theo gi.

Sau da vo th t in phn, so snh tng s mol electron nhng hoc nhn vi ne bit mc in phn xy ra. V d d on xem cation kim loi c b kh ht khng hay nc c b in phn khng v H2O c b in phn th in cc no - Nu bi cho lng kh thot ra in cc hoc s thay i v khi lng dung dch, khi lng in cc, pH,th da vo cc bn phn ng tnh s mol electron thu hoc nhng mi in cc ri thay vo cng thc (*) tnh I hoc t. 7. Nu bi yu cu tnh in lng cn cho qu trnh in phn th p dng cng thc: Q=I.t=ne.F 8. Bi ton in phn hn hp nhiu ion: C th tnh thi gian t cn in phn ht mt lng ion m bi cho ri so snh vi thi gian t trong bi. Nu t < t th lng ion b in phn ht cn nu t > t th lng ion cha b in phn ht 9. Khi in phn cc dung dch trong cc bnh in phn mc ni tip th cng dng in v thi gian in phn mi bnh l nh nhau s thu hoc nhng electron cc in cc cng tn phi nh nhau v cc cht sinh ra cc in cc cng tn t l mol vi nhau. VI. MT S V D MINH HA V d 1: in phn ha ton 2,22g mui clorua kim loi trng thi nng chy thu c 448 ml kh ( ktc) anot. Kim loi trong mui l: A. Na B. Ca C. K D. Mg

Hng dn: Ta c ; v mKL = 2,22 0,02.71 = 0,8 (g)

Phng trnh phn ng in phn: Nn: n = 2 v M l Ca p n B V d 2: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc Pt) 200 gam dung dch NaOH 10 % n khi dung dch NaOH trong bnh c nng 25 % th ngng in phn. Th tch kh ( ktc) thot ra anot v catot ln lt l: A. 149,3 lt v 74,7 lt C. 78,4 lt v 156,8 lt Hng dn: mNaOH (trc in phn) = 20 gam in phn dung dch NaOH thc cht l in phn nc: H2O 1/2 O2 (anot) + H2 (catot) (*) NaOH khng i m (dung dch sau in phn) gam B. 156,8 lt v 78,4 lt D. 74,7 lt v 149,3 lt

V d 3: Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 (d = 1,25 g/ml) vi in cc graphit (than ch) thy khi lng dung dch gim 8 gam. lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn li trong dung dch sau in phn cn dng 100 ml dung dch H2S 0,5 M. Nng phn trm ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u l: A. 12,8 % Hng dn: Ta c: . Gi x l s mol CuSO4 tham gia qu trnh in phn: CuSO4 + H2O Cu + 1/2O2 + H2SO4 (1) B. 9,6 % C. 10,6 % D. 11,8 %

CuSO4 + H2S CuS + H2SO4 (2)

V d 4: in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2 M vi cng dng in 9,65A. Tnh khi lng Cu bm vo catot khi thi gian in phn t1 = 200 s v t2 = 500 s. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100 % A. 0,32 gam v 0,64 gam C. 0,64 gam v 1,60 gam B. 0,64 gam v 1,28 gam D. 0,64 gam v 1,32 gam

Hng dn: Ta c Thi gian cn thit in phn ht Cu2+ l: Ta thy: t1 < t < t2 Ti t2 Cu2+ b in phn ht m2 = 1,28 gam p n B Nu cc p n c hn 1 p n vi m2=1,28, c th tnh nhanh m1 bng cch nhn xt t1= t nn ti t1 c Cu2+ b in phn, do m1 = 0,01.64 = 0,64(g) V d 5: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1A. Khi thy catot bt u c bt kh thot ra th dng in phn. trung ha dung dch thu c sau khi in phn cn dng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Thi gian in phn v nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u l: A. 965 s v 0,025M B. 1930 s v 0,05M 0,025M Hng dn: Ta c nNaOH = 0,01 (mol) Khi catot bt u c bt kh (H2) thot ra chng t CuSO4 b in phn ht: CuSO4 + H2O Cu + O2 + H2SO4 (1) 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O (2) Theo (1), (2): p n A Cng c th khng vit phng trnh phn ng in phn m da vo s e trao i tnh: C. 965 s v 0,05M D. 1930 s v

V d 6: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,1 M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M vi in cc tr v cng dng in bng 5A. Sau 19 pht 18 giy dng in phn, ly catot sy kh thy tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,16 gam Hng dn: Ta c Sau 1918s s e trao i l: Th t cc ion b kh ti catot: B. 1,72 gam C. 2,58 gam D. 3,44 gam

Ag+ + 1e Ag (1) 0,02 0,02 0,02 sau (1) cn 0,06 0,02 = 0,04 mol electron Cu2+ + 2e Cu (2) 0,02 0,04 0,02 sau (2) cn d 0,02 mol Cu2+

m(catot tng) = m(kim loi bm vo) = 0,02.(108 + 64) = 3,44 gam p n D V d 7: Ha tan 50 gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,6 M thu c dung dch X. em in phn dung dch X (cc in cc tr) vi cng dng in 1,34A trong 4 gi. Khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc) ln lt l (Bit hiu sut in phn l 100 %): A. 6,4 gam v 1,792 lt C. 6,4 gam v 2,016 lt Hng dn: Ta c S e trao i: Th t in phn ti catot v anot l: Ti catot: Cu2+ + 2e Cu 0,1 0,2 0,1 B. 10,8 gam v 1,344 lt D. 9,6 gam v 1,792 lt

Cu2+ cha b in phn ht m(kim loi catot) = 0,1.64 = 6,4 gam Ti anot: 2Cl Cl2 + 2e 0,12 0,06 0,12

ne(do Cl nhng) = 0,12 < 0,2 mol ti anot Cl b in phn ht v n nc b in phn ne (do H2O nhng) = 0,2 0,12 = 0,08 mol 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e 0,02 0,08

V(kh thot ra anot) = (0,06 + 0,02).22,4 = 1,792 lt p n A

V d 8: C 200 ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3, in phn ht ion kim loi trong dung dch cn dng cng dng in 0,402A trong 4 gi. Sau khi in phn xong thy c 3,44 gam kim loi bm catot. Nng mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong hn hp u ln lt l: A. 0,2 M v 0,1 M Hng dn: Ta c: B. 0,1 M v 0,2 M C. 0,2 M v 0,2 D. 0,1 M v 0,1 M

Ta c h phng trnh:

Ti catot: Ag+ + 1e Ag x Cu2+ + 2e Cu y y x

CM Cu(NO3)2 = CM AgNO3 = 0,1 M p n D V d 9: Ha tan 4,5 gam tinh th MSO4.5H2O vo nc c dung dch X. in phn dung dch X vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1,93A. Nu thi gian in phn l t (s) th thu c kim loi M catot v 156,8 ml kh ti anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t (s) th thu c 537,6 ml kh. Bit th tch cc kh o ktc. Kim loi M v thi gian t ln lt l: A. Ni v 1400 s Hng dn: B. Cu v 2800 s C. Ni v 2800 s D. Cu v 1400 s

Cc qu trnh xy ra cc in cc: Ti anot: SO42-, H2O 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e

Ti catot: M2+, H2O M2+ + 2e M 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-

Sau t giy, mi ch c anot c kh chng t H2O cha nhn e catot. Sau 2t giy, th tch O2 thot ra anot l: 2.156,8 = 313,6 (ml). Do th tch H2 thot ra catot sau 2t giy l: V kh catot = 527,6-313,6 = 224 (ml) V do catot c kh nn M2+ b in phn ht, theo nh lut bo ton e cho qu trnh in phn 2t giy ta c:

Thi gian in phn: V d 10: Mc ni tip hai bnh in phn: bnh (1) cha dung dch MCl2 v bnh (2) cha dung dch AgNO3. Sau 3 pht 13 giy th catot bnh (1) thu c 1,6 gam kim loi cn catot bnh (2) thu c 5,4 gam kim loi. C hai bnh u khng thy kh catot thot ra. Kim loi M l: A. Zn Hng dn: Hai bnh mc ni tip nn s mol e trao i hai bnh l bng nhau, do : B. Cu C. Ni D. Pb

V d 11: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100 %) thu c m kg Al catot v 67,2 dm3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 54,0 kg B. 75,6 kg C. 67,5 kg D. 108,0 kg

Hng dn: Cc phng trnh xy ra khi in phn 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 (1) C + O2 CO2 (2) 2C + O2 2CO (3) X + Ca(OH)2 d 2 gam kt ta nn + Nu X ch c CO v CO2:

Do X phi cha: CO2, CO, O2 (X khng th ch cha CO2 v O2 v ) V v Nn S mol CO2, CO, O2 trong 67,2 dm3 X l:

VII. CC DNG BI TP 1. BI TP L THUYT Loi 1.1: Bi tp t lun Bi 1: Vit s in phn n khi H2O b in phn c hai in cc, hoc qu trnh in phn khng xy ra na, khi in phn cc dung dch sau: CuCl2; NaCl (C mng ngn v khng c mng ngn); CuSO4; Na2SO4; HCl; HNO3; KOH

1. Du hiu no cho thy cc cht tan trong dung dch ban u in phn ht? 2. Hy cho bit khi in phn dung dch no th thc cht ch in phn H2O. 3. Mun sau phn ng in phn thu c dung dch axit (axit c oxy) hoc dung dch bazo th phi in phn dung dch mui loi no?
Bi 2: Thm vi git qu tm vo dung dch in phn cha HCl v NaCl. Cho bit mu ca dung dch thay i nh th no trong sut qu trnh in phn vi in cc tr c mng ngn. Bi 3 (Thy li 1997): in phn 100 ml dung dch cha Cu2+, Na+, H+, SO42- c pH = 1, in cc tr. Sau mt thi gian in phn, rt in cc ra khi dung dch, thy khi lng dung dch gim 0.64 gam v dung dch c mu xanh nht, th tch dung dch khng thay i.

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh in phn. 2. Tnh nng mol H+ c trong dung dch sau in phn.
Bi 4 (Y H Ni 1995):

1. Vit s in phn dung dch AgNO3 (in cc Pt) 2. Cho bit: Dung dch sau in phn c pH = 3, hiu sut in phn l 80%, th tch dung dch coi nh khng thay i (1 lt). Tnh nng

mol/l cc cht sau in phn, khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch ban u.
Loi 1.2: Bi tp trc nghim Bi 1: Cho 4 dung dch mui: CuSO4, K2SO4, NaCl, KNO3. Dung dch no sau khi in phn cho ra mt dung dch axit (in cc tr). A. CuSO4 B. K2SO4 C. NaCl D. KNO3

Bi 2: Cho 4 dung dch mui: CuSO4, ZnCl2, NaCl, KNO3. Dung dch no sau khi in phn cho ra mt dung dch bazo (in cc tr). A. CuSO4 B. ZnCl2 C. NaCl D. KNO3

Bi 3: in phn dung dch cha H2SO4 trong thi gian ngn, pH ca dung dch bin i nh th no khi ngng in phn. A. Gim mnh D.Tng mnh. B. Tng nh C. Gn nh khng i

Bi 4: in phn dung dch NaCl, in cc tr, khng c vch ngn. Sn phm thu c gm A. H2, Cl2, NaOH C. H2, Cl2, nc Javen B. H2, Cl2, NaOH, nc Javen D. H2, nc Javen.

Bi 5: Khi in phn dung dch mui A th gi tr pH khu vc gn catot tng ln. Mui A l: A. NaCl B. CuCl2 C. ZnSO4 D. NaNO3

Bi 6: Ion no sau y b in phn trng thi dung dch: SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, H+ A. SO42-, Cl-; Ca2+, H+ C. SO42-, NO3-, Cu2+, H+ B. SO42-, NO3-, Ca2+, H+ D. Cu2+, Fe3+, Cl-, H+

Bi 7: Trong qu trnh in phn, cc mui X- (X: Cl-, Br-) di chuyn v: A. Cc dng v b oxi ha C. Cc dng v b kh B. Cc m v b oxi ha D. Cc m v b kh

Bi 8: Cho dung dch cha cc ion: Na+, K+, Cu+, Cl-, SO42-, NO32-. Cc ion no khng b in phn khi trng thi dung dch: A. Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42C. Na+, Cu2+, Cl-, SO422. IN PHN DUNG DCH Dng 2.1: Bi ton in phn c H2O b kh hoc oxy ha cc in cc Loi 2.1.1: Bi tp t lun Bi 1 (Cn Th 1999). in phn mt dung dch NaCl cho n khi ht mui vi dng in mt chiu, cng dng in l 1.61A; thy mt ht 60 pht. Tnh khi lng kh Cl2 bay ra, bit bnh in phn c mng ngn, in cc tr. Bi 2: in phn 200 ml dung dch NaCl 1.5M, in cc tr, c mng ngn , dng in mt chiu vi cng 1A. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn dng trung ha dung dch thu c sau khi ngng in phn v thi gian in phn trong cc trng hp sau: B. K+, Cu+, Cl-, NO32D. Na+, K+, SO42-, NO32-

1. anot thu c 2.24 lt kh. 2. anot thu c 3.36 lt kh 3. anot thu c 4.48 lt kh
Bit cc th tch kh u o ktc. Bi 3 (Quc gia H Ni 1997). in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4, dng hai in cc tr v dng in mt chiu cng 1A. Kt thc in phn khi catot bt u c bt kh thot ra. trung ha dung dch sau in phn dng va 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0.2M. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100%.

1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v phng trnh biu din s in phn. 2. Tnh thi gian in phn v nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u.
Bi 4 (Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng 1998). in phn 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 dng hai in cc tr v dng in mt chiu, cng dng in khng i bng 1A, kt thc in phn khi catot bt u c bt kh thot ra v anot c V1 lt oxy (ktc) thot ra. trung ha dung dch sau khi in phn dng va 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0.2M, bit hiu sut in phn l 100%.

1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v phng trnh biu din s in phn. Tnh thi gian in phn.

2. Tnh th tch kh oxy thot ra anot (V1) v nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3.
Bi 5: Cho 250 gam dung dch CuSO4 8% (dung dch A). in phn dung dch A n khi nng CuSO4 trong dung dch thu c gim i v bng mt na so vi trc phn ng th dng li. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm trn catot v th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc). Bi 6: in phn 183 gam dung dch Ni(NO3)2 50% cho n khi thu cr catot 14.75 gam kim loi th ngng in phn.

1. Tnh th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc). 2. Tnh thi gian thc hin s in phn. Bit rng: Cng dng in mt chiu I = 25A. 3. Tnh nng phn trm ca cc cht c trong dung dch sau in phn. Cho bit s in phn thc hin vi in cc tr v c vch ngn gia cc in cc.
Bi 7: in phn mt thi gian 250 gam dung dch Cu(NO3)2 14.1% c dung dch A. Thm dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A, khng thy c kt ta xut hin. Nng axit trong dung dch A bng 10.053%.

1. Tnh khi lng dung dch A. 2. Nu qu trnh in phn trn dng dng in mt chiu c I = 5A, tnh thi gian in phn.
Bi 8: Cho 200 gam dung dch X cha AgNO3. in phn dung dch X mt thi gian th dng li, thu c dung dch Y. Sau khi ngng in phn, thm dung dch NaCl vo dung dch Y th khng thy c kt ta xut hin. Sau khi in phn kt thc, khi lng catot tng 2.16 gam.

1. Tnh nng % ca dung dch AgNO3 trc khi in phn. 2. Dung dch sau khi in phn (dung dch Y) c khi lng 197.5 gam (gi thit H2O khng b hay hi trong qu trnh in phn). Tnh th tch kh thot ra anot khi ngng in phn ( ktc).
Bi 9 (i hc S phm II 2000). in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi cc in cc tr bng dng in mt chiu I = 9.65A. Khi th tch cc kh thot ra c 2 in cc u bng 1.12 lt ( ktc) th ngng in phn.

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v phng trnh biu din s in phn.

2. Tnh khi lng kim loi sinh ra catot v thi gian in phn.
Bi 10 (i hc Y dc TP.HCM 1995). in phn vi in cc Pt 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 n khi bt u c bt kh thot ra catot th ngng li. yn dung dch cho n khi khi lng ca catot khng i, thy khi lng catot tng 3.2 gam so vi lc cha in phn. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Cu(NO3)2 trc in phn. Loi 2.1.2: Bi tp trc nghim Bi 1: Khi lng Cu catot thu c khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 (in cc tr) sau 30 pht vi cng dng in l 0.5A. A. 0.3 gam B. 0.45 gam C. 1.29 gam D. 0.4 gam

Bi 2: Tin hnh in phn 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0.5M vi cng dng in 1.34A trong vng 24 pht. Hiu sut phn ng in phn l 100%. Khi lng kim loi bm vo catot v th tch kh ( ktc) thot ra anot l: A. 0.64 gam Cu v 0.224 lt O2 C. 0.32 gam Cu v 0.224 lt O2 B. 0.64 gam Cu v 0.112 lt O2 D. 0.32gam Cu v 0.112 lt O2

Bi 3: Nu mun in phn hon ton (mt mu xanh) 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0.5M vi cng dng in I = 1.34A (hiu sut in phn l 100%) th cn bao nhiu thi gian. A. 6 gi B. 7 gi C. 8 gi D. 9 gi

Bi 4: in phn dung dch mui CuSO4 d trong thi gian 1930 giy, thu c 1.92 gam Cu catot. Cng dng in trong qu trnh in phn l gi tr no di y: A. 3A B. 4.5A C. 1.5A D. 6A

Bi 5: in phn dung dch Cu(NO3)2 vi cng dng in 9.56A n khi bt u c kh thot ra catot th ngng li, thi gian in phn l 40 pht. Khi lng Cu sinh ra catot l: A. 7.68 gam B. 8.67 gam C. 7.86 gam D. 8.76 gam

Bi 6: Tin hnh in phn 400 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0.1M vi cng dng in 9.56A trong vng 100 giy. Hiu sut phn ng in phn l 100%. Khi lng kim loi bm vo catot v th tch kh ( ktc) thot ra anot l: A. 3.2 gam Cu v 0.56 lt O2 B. 3.2 gam Cu v 0.448 lt O2

C. 2.56 gam Cu v 0.56 lt O2

D. 2.56 gam Cu v 0.56 lt O2

Bi 7: in phn 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 vi in cc tr cho n khi catot bt u c kh thot ra th ngng in phn. trung ha dung dch sau in phn cn 800 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.

1. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3 ban u.

A. 1.6M B. 0.8M C. 2.4M D. 3.2M

1. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in I=20A.

A. 1930 giy B. 3860 giy C. 9650 giy D. 7720 giy

Bi 8: in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v dng in mt chiu c cng I=10A cho n khi catot bt u c kh thot ra th ngng li, thy phi mt 32 pht 10 giy.

1. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u.

A. 0.075M B. 0.1M C. 0.025M D. 0.05M

1. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau in phn. Gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i.
A. 4 B. 3 C. 1 D. 2

Bi 9: in phn 100 ml dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp, cng dng in mt chiu l 1.93A. Tnh thi gian in phn thu c dung dch c pH = 12, th tch dung dch c xem nh khng ng k, hiu sut phn ng in phn l 100%. A. 100 giy B. 50 giy C. 150 giy D. 200 giy

Bi 10: Cho dng in mt chiu 10A qua 400 cm3 dung dch H2SO4 0.5M (in cc tr). Tnh thi gian in phn thu c dung dch H2SO4 0.6M A. 71410 giy B. 74110 giy C. 47110 giy D. 14710 giy

Bi 11: in phn vi in cc tr 500 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 n khi bt u c bt kh thot ra catot th ngng li. yn dung dch cho n khi khi lng ca catot khng i, thy khi lng catot tng 14 gam so vi lc cha in phn. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Fe(NO3)2 trc khi in phn. A. 0.5M B. 1M C. 1.5M D. 2M

Dng 2.2: Bi ton in phn hn hp Loi 2.2.1: in phn th t tng cht Loi 2.2.1.1: Bi tp t lun Bi 1: Thit lp s in phn dung dch hn hp cha HgCl2 0.2M v CuCl2 0.4M. Cht g v lng bao nhiu thot ra trn cc in cc than khi cho dng in mt chiu vi cng bng 2.68A i qua 500ml trong vng 4 gi. Tnh nng mol.l ca dung dch thu c sau khi in phn (bit Hg = 201). Bi 2: in phn 250ml dung dch A gm: HgCl2 0.4M v CuCl2 0.8M vi in cc tr, bng dng in mt chiu vi cng dng in l 5.36A; sau 2 gi th ngng in phn.

1. Cho bit cht g v lng bao nhiu sinh ra trn b mt catot v anot (cht rn tnh theo khi lng, cht kh tnh theo th tch ktc) 2. Dung dch sau in phn gi l dung dch B, thm 100ml dung dch AgNO3 1M vo dung dch B ri in phn bng dng in vi cng dng bng 5A th cn phi in phn vi thi gian bao lu anot thu c 2.8 lt kh ktc? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Bi 3: C 200ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. in phn ht ion kim loi trong dung dch ngi ta dng dng in mt chiu c I = 0.402A trong thi gian 4 gi.

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng cc in cc v phng trnh in phn xy ra. Kim loi no xut hin trc. 2. Tnh nng mol/l dung dch mui nitrat bit c 3.44 gam kim loi bm vo catot 3. Hin tng g cho ta thy khi cc mui b in phn ht Gii thch?
Bi 4: Ha tan 7.8 gam hn hp X gm Cu, Ag bng dung dch H2SO4 98% un nng thu c 1.4 lt kh SO2 (ktc) v dung dch A.

1. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X. 2. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau:
Phn 1: Phn ng va vi 50 gam dung dch NaOH 4% th bt u thy c kt ta xut hin. Tnh nng % ca cc cht c trong dung dch A. Phn 2: em in phn vi cng dng in 0.5A trong 9650 giy. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm trn catot.

Bi 5: Cho 200 gam dung dch hn hp gm AgNO34.25% v Cu(NO3)2 9.4% (dung dch A). in phn dung dch A n khi catot c 7.96 gam kim loi bm vo th dng li c dung dch B.

1. Tnh nng ca cc cht trong dung dch B. 2. Nu in phn dung dch B vi dng in mt chiu c cng l 5A th cn bao nhiu thi gian in phn ht kim loi trong dung dch.
Bi 6: Trn 200ml dung dch AgNO3 vi 350 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 c dung dch hn hp A. Ly 250 ml dung dch A thc hin in phan vi cng dng in bng 0.429A th sau 5 gi in phn hon ton, khi lng kim loi thu c l 6.36 gam.

1. Tnh nng mol/l ca mui trong hai dung dch trc khi trn. 2. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau in phn. Bit th tch dung dch khng i. 3. Tnh thi gian in phn c dung dch c pH = 0.2 (Ch : pH = 0.2 [H+] = 0.63M)
Bit rng: Cng dng in 50A Cho rng khi lng ring ca dung dch trc v sau khi in phn khng i v bng 1.1 g/ml. Bi 7: in phn hon ton 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm KCl 0.01M, HCl 0.01M v FeCl2 0.01M trong mt bnh c in cc tr, vch ngn xp vi cng dng in bng 5A. V th cho bit s bin thin pH ca dung dch theo thi gian in phn. Bit rng th tch dung dch in phn khng thay i ng k trong sut qu trnh in phn v ion Fe2+ c coi l khng b thy phn. Bi 8: Ha tan hn hp hai mui CuCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc, pha long n thnh 200 ml dung dch A. in phn dung dch A mt thi gian, cc dng thu c 0.448 lt hn hp kh B ( ktc), c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 25.75.

1. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm trn catot. 2. Dung dch cn li sau in phn tc dng va vi 75 gam dung dch NaOH 4% to ra lng kt ta ln nht D. Nung D n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn E.

Tnh khi lng cht rn E. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch A.

Loi 2.1.1.2: Bi tp trc nghim Bi 1: Khi in phn (c mng ngn) dung dch hn hp HCl, NaCl, CuCl2 trong dung dch c 1 t qu tm. Tin hnh in phn dung dch cho n khi nc b in phn c hai in cc th mu qu bin i nh th no. A. Tm xanh B. xanh tm xanh C. Xanh tm D. tm

Bi 2: Tin hnh in phn hon ton dung dch X ( catot bt u thot ra H2) cha hn hp AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c 56 gam hn hp kim loi catot v 4.48 lt kh anot ( ktc). Tnh s mol mi mui trong X. A. 0.1 mol AgNO3 v 0.1 mol Cu(NO3)2 C. 0.4 mol AgNO3 v 0.2 mol Cu(NO3)2 B. 0.2 mol AgNO3 v 0.1 mol Cu(NO3)2 D. 0.3 mol AgNO3 v 0.3 mol Cu(NO3)2

Bi 3: in phn dung dch hn hp cha Ag2SO4 v CuSO4 mt thi gian thy khi lng catot tng ln 4.96 gam v kh thot ra anot c th tch l 0.336 lt ( ktc). Khi lng kim loi bm catot ln lt l: A. 4.32 g v 0.64 g khc. B. 3.32 g v 1.64 g C. 4.12 g v 0.84 g D. Kt qu

Bi 4: in phn 100ml dung dch cha AgNO3 0.1M v Cu(NO3)2 0.1M vi cng dng in I l 1.93A. Tnh thi gian in phn (vi hiu sut 100%)

1. in phn ht Ag (t1) 2. in phn ht Ag v Cu (t2)

A. t1=500s, t2=1000s t2=1500s B. t1=1000s, t2=1500s C. t1=500s, t2=1200s D. t1=500s,

Bi 5: in phn 100 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0.2M v AgNO3 0.1M vi cng dng in I = 3.86A. Tnh thi gian in phn c mt khi lng kim loi bm trn catot l 1.72 gam A. 250s B. 1000s C. 500s D. 750s

Loi 2.2.2: in phn cho Loi 2.2.2.1: Bi tp t lun

Bi 1: Vit s in phn n khi H2O b in phn c hai in cc, khi in phn (vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp) dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl trong 3 trng hp: b =2a, b < 2a v b > 2a. Bi 2: in phn 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm MgCl2 1M v CuSO4 0.8M trong 6 gi vi cng dng in mt chiu I = 2.68A.

1. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm vo catot v th tch kh ktc thot ra anot. 2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch thu c sau in phn (bit rng th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k trong sut qu trnh in phn).
Bi 3: in phn 1 lt dung dch hn hp A gm HCl 0.2M v CuSO4 0.15M trong 33 pht 20 giy vi cng dng in I = 9.65A.

1. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm bn catot v th tch kh (ktc) thot ra bn anot, khi lng dung dch B thu c sau thi gian in phn trn, bit rng dung dch A c d = 1.1 g/ml. 2. Phi tip tc in phn trong bao lu c c nc b in phn c hai in cc. 3. Tnh pH dung dch ngay khi y. Nu tip tc in phn th pH dung dch s thay i nh th no? (tng hay gim). Gi s th tch ca dung dch khng thay i trong sut qu trnh in phn mui.
Bi 4: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp) mt dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl cho n khi H2O bt u b in phn c 2 in cc th dng li. anot thu c 0.448 lt kh ( ktc). Dung dch sau in phn c th ha tan ti a 0.68 gam Al2O3.

1. Tnh khi lng ca m. 2. Tnh khi lng catot tng ln trong qu trnh in phn. 3. Tnh khi lng dugn dch gim trong qu trnh in phn, gi s nc bay hi khng ng k.
Loi 2.2.2.2: Bi tp trc nghim Bi 1: in phn dung dch cha CuSO4 v KCl vi s mol nCuSO4 > .nKCl vi in cc tr. Bit rng qu trnh in phn gm 3 giai on. Hy cho bit kh thot ra mi giai on.

1. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G2: Anot: O2 Katot: khng c kh; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2.

2. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G2: Anot: Cl2 Katot: H2; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2. 3. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G2: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2. 4. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: H2; G2: Anot: Cl2 Katot: H2; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2.
Bi 2 ( thi tuyn sinh i hc khi B nm 2007). in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn xp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO42- khng b in phn trong dung dch) A. b > 2a B. b = 2a C. b < 2a D. 2b = a

Bi 3: in phn dung dch cha CuSO4 v MgCl2 c cng nng mol vi in cc tr. Hy cho bit nhng cht g ln lt xut hin bn catot v bn anot. A. K: Cu, Mg A: Cl2, O2 C. K: Cu, Mg A: Cl2, H2 B. K: Cu, H2 A: Cl2, O2 D. K: Cu, Mg, H2 A: Ch c O2

Bi 4: in phn c mng ngn in cc tr 100 ml dung dch cha CuSO4, NaCl u c nng mol/l l 0.1M vi cng I = 0.5A sau mt thi gian thu c dung dch c pH = 2. Thi gian tin hnh in phn l: A. 193s B. 1930s C. 2123s D. 1737s

Bi 5: in phn dung dch cha 7.45 gam KCl v 28.2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, c mng ngn) n khi khi lng dung dch gim 10.75 gam th ngt mch. Dung dch sau khi in phn cha nhng cht g sau y. A. KNO3 v KCl d C. KNO3, Cu(NO3)2 cn d, HNO3 B. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 cn d. D. KNO3 v KOH.

Bi 6: in phn dung dch hn hp cha 18.8 gam Cu(NO3)2 v 29.8 gam KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Sau mt thi gian in phn thy khi lng dung dch gim 17.15 gam so vi khi lng ban u, th tch dung dch sau in phn l 400 ml. Nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau in phn l:

1. 2. 3. 4.

[KCl] = 0.375M; [KNO3] = 0.25M v [KOH] = 0.25M [KCl] = 0.5M; [KNO3] = 0.25M v [KOH] = 0.25M [KCl] = 0.25M; [KNO3] = 0.5M v [KOH] = 0.25M Kt qu khc.

Dng 2.3: Bi ton xc nh tn nguyn t thng qua in phn Loi 2.3.1: Bi tp t lun Bi 1: in phn dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi M (ha tr II). Khi anot thu c 0.448 lt kh (ktc) th thy khi lng catot tng 2.36 gam.

1. Xc nh kim loi trong mui. 2. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A.
Bi 2: in phn 200 gam dung dch mui MSO4 nng 4% n khi hai in cc cng c kh thot ra th dng li. Ly catot ra ra sch, lm kh cn li thy khi lng tng ln 3.2 gam.

1. Xc nh kim loi M. 2. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. 3. Tnh nng % ca cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn.
Bi 3: in phn 200 gam dung dch mui MSO4 nng 7.75% n khi s mol ca axit trong dung dch khng i th dng li. Khi lng catot tng ln 5.9 gam.

1. Xc nh kim loi M. 2. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. 3. Trung ha dung dch sau in phn cn bao nhiu gam dung dch NaOH 4%.
Bi 4: (i hc Kinh t Quc dn nm 1999). in phn (dng in cc tr) dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi ha tr II vi cng dng l 3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catot tng 1.92 gam.

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti mi in cc v phng trnh chung cho qu trnh in phn. 2. Cho bit tn kim loi trong mui sunfat. 3. Hy tnh th tch ca lng kh to thnh ti anot 25oC v 770 mmHg.
Bi 5: in phn 784 gam dung dch R2(SO4)3 10% vi in cc tr, c mng ngn gia cc in cc v vi cng I = 15A trong 3860 giy th ngng in phn. ng lc thu c 10.4 gam kim loi catot.

1. Xc nh kim loi R (R l mt kim loi trong dy in ha v khng phi l st).

2. Xc nh nng % cc cht cn li trong dung dch sau khi in phn.

Bi 6: Ha tan hn hp A gm kim loi M v oxit MO ca kim loi y (M ch c mt ha tr) trong 2 lt dung dch HNO3 1M th c 4.48 lt (ktc) kh NO bay ra. trung ha axit cn d trong dung dch B thu c cn 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0.5M khi ta thu c dung dch C.

1. Tnh s mol M v MO trong hn hp A. 2. in phn dung dch C vi in cc tr trong thi gian 48 pht 15 giy th thu c 11.52 gam kim loi M bn catot v 2.016 lt kh (ktc) bn anot. Xc nh kim loi M v cng dng in. 3. Tnh thi gian in phn tip dung dch mt ht ion M2+. Cng dng in vn nh cu trn.
Bi 7: Trong 500 ml dung dch A cha 0.4925 gam hn hp gm mui clorua v hydroxit ca cng mt kim loi kim. O pH ca dung dch A c pH = 12. Khi in phn 1/10 dung dch A (c mng ngn xp) cho n khi ht Cl- th thu c 11.2 ml Cl2 ( 273oC v 1 atm).

1. Xc nh tn kim loi kim bit rng trong bnh in phn c vch ngn. 2. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. 3. Bit 1/10 dung dch A th tc dng va vi 25 ml dung dch CuCl2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuCl2.
Bi 8: Ha tan 16 gam mui MSO4 vo nc thnh 2 lt dung dch A. in phn dung dch A n khi hai cc cng c kh thot ra th dng li. Dung dch khi c pH = 1, khi lng catot tng m gam.

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng. 2. Tm cng thc ca mui ban u, khi lng kim loi trn catot v nng ca dung dch. 3. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A.
Bi 9: (HQG thnh ph H Ch Minh nm 2001). Ha tan 4.5 gam tinh th XSO4.5H2O vo nc thu c dung dch A (dung dch XSO4). in phn dung dch A vi in cc tr. Nu thi gian in phn l t giy th thu c kim loi ti catot v 0.007 mol kh ti anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th thu c 0.024 mol kh c hai in cc.

1. Xc nh XSO4.5H2O

2. Cho I = 1.93A. Tnh thi gian t.

Loi 2.3.2: Bi tp trc nghim Bi 1: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch mui clorua ca mt kim loi ha tr II vi cng dng in 3A. Sau 1930 giy, thy khi lng catot tng 1.92 gam. Kim loi trong mui clorua trn l kim loi no di y. A. Ni B. Zn C. Fe D. Cu

Bi 2: in phn 100 ml dung dch cha 2.7 gam mui clorua ca kim loi X cho ti khi kh bt u xut hin catot th ngng in phn thu c 0.228 lt kh anot (o ktc). Kim loi l: A. Cu B. Zn C. Al D. Mg

Bi 3: in phn 100 ml dung dch XSO4 0.2M vi cng dng in mt chiu I = 10A trong thi gian t, khi anot thot ra 224 ml kh ( ktc) th cng lc kim loi bm vo catot c 1.28gm. Xc nh tn kim loi X. A. Fe B. Zn C. Cu D. Mg

Tnh thi gian t, bit hiu sut phn ng t 100% A. 579 giy B. 386 giy C. 193 giy D. 289.5 giy

Tnh nng ca dung dch sau in phn, bit th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. A. 0.15M B. 0.12M C. 0.1M D. 0.18M

Bi 4: in phn 100 ml dung dch XSO4 0.2M vi cng dng in I = 9.65A sau 200 giy th dng li thy khi lng catot tng 0.64 gam. Xc nh tn kim loi X. A. Ni B. Zn C. Cu D. Fe

Nu in phn dung dch ny n 500 giy th khi lng catot tng: A. 1.6 gam B. 0.8 gam C. 0.96 gam D. 1.28 gam

Bi 5: in phn (c mng ngn) hon ton dung dch c cha 0.745 gam XCl, cng dng in mt chiu I = 9.65A. Khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th mt 100 giy. Xc nh kim loi X. A. Li B. Na C. K D. Rb

Gi s th tch dung dch sau in phn l 100 ml. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau in phn. A. 13 B. 12 C. 11 D. 10

3. IN PHN NNG CHY Loi 3.1: Bi tp t lun Bi 1: in phn mui clorua kim loi nng chy, ngi ta thu c 0.896 lt kh (ktc) anot v 3.12 gam kim loi catot. Hy xc nh cng thc mui in phn. Bi 2: in phn nng chy 4 gam hydroxit ca kim loi thu c anot mt hn hp kh c th tch o ktc l 1.68 lt. Phn ng xy ra hon ton. Vit phng trnh phn ng in phn. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hydroxit. Bi 3: in phn nng chy mt hp cht oxit kim loi thu c 10.8 gam kim loi catot v ng thi anot c 6.72 lt kh thot ra (o ktc), phn ng xy ra hon ton.

1. Vit qu trnh in phn hp cht oxit. 2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca oxit.

Bi 4: Khi in phn nng chy mt oxit kim loi thu c 0.224 lt kh ( ktc) anot, th khi lng catot tng ln 2.74 gam.

1. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi trn. 2. Ha tan kim loi thu c vo nc c dung dch A. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0.1M trung ha 1/10 dung dch A.
Bi 5: Sn xut Al bng phng php in phn nng chy Al2O3. Hy cho bit lng Al2O3 v C (anot) cn dng c th sn xut c 0.54 tn Al. Cho rng ton b lng O2 sinh ra t chy cc dng thnh kh CO2. Bi 6: (i hc Ngoi thng nm 2001). Ngi ta dng than ch kh Al2O3 bng phng php in phn nng chy Al2O3. thu c 6.75 kg Al, ng thi to ra hn hp kh A gm: 20% CO; 70% CO2 v 10% O2 theo th tch.

1. Hy tnh khi lng than ch b tiu hao v lng Al2O3 b in phn. 2. Tnh t khi hi ca hn hp kh A so vi H2.
Loi 3.2: Bi tp trc nghim Bi 1: in phn nng chayr2.34 gam NaCl vi cng dng in mt chiu I = 9.65A. Tnh khi lng Na bm vo catot khi thi gian in phn l 200 giy. A. 0.23 gam B. 0.276 gam C. 0.345 gam D. 0.46 gam

in phn ht lng NaCl ban u vi cng dng in khng i th thi gian in phn l: A. 500 giy B. 400 giy C. 300 giy D. 200 giy

Bi 2: in phn nng chy a gam mui G to bi kim loi M v halogen X ta thu c 0.96 gam kim loi M catot v 0.04 mol kh anot. Mt khc, ha tan a gam mui G vo nc sau cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 11.48 gam kt ta. Cho bit X l halogen no: A. Clo B. Brom C. Iot D. Khng d liu.

Cho bit M l kim loi no: A. Na B. Mg C. Al D. Khng d liu.

Bi 3: in phn nng chy hon ton 4 gam XOH, kim loi X bm vo catot cho tc dng ht vi nc thu c 1 lt dung dch A c pH bng 13. Cho bit X l kim loi g. A. K B. Li C. Na D. Rb

Nu cng dng in l 193A th thi gian in phn l bao nhiu. A. 50 giy B. 40 giy C. 30 giy D. 60 giy

II MT S C S GII BI TP V IN PHN - Khi lng catot tng chnh l khi lng kim loi to thnh sau in phn bm vo - m (dung dch sau in phn) = m (dung dch trc in phn) (m kt ta + m kh) - gim khi lng ca dung dch: m = (m kt ta + m kh) - Khi in phn cc dung dch: + Hiroxit ca kim loi hot ng ha hc mnh (KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2,)

+ Axit c oxi (HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4,) + Mui to bi axit c oxi v baz kim (KNO3, Na2SO4,) Thc t l in phn H2O cho H2 ( catot) v O2 ( anot) - Khi in phn dung dch vi anot l mt kim loi khng tr (khng phi Pt hay in cc than ch) th ti anot ch xy ra qu trnh oxi ha in cc - C th c cc phn ng ph xy ra gia tng cp: cht to thnh in cc, cht tan trong dung dch, cht dng lm in cc. V d: + in phn nng chy Al2O3 (c Na3AlF6) vi anot lm bng than ch th in cc b n mn dn do chng chy trong oxi mi sinh + in phn dung dch NaCl khng mng ngn to ra nc Giaven v c kh H2 thot ra catot + Phn ng gia axit trong dung dch vi kim loi bm trn catot - Vit phn ng (thu hoc nhng electron) xy ra cc in cc theo ng th t, khng cn vit phng trnh in phn tng qut - Vit phng trnh in phn tng qut (nh nhng phng trnh ha hc thng thng) tnh ton khi cn thit - T cng thc Faraday s mol cht thu c in cc - Nu bi cho I v t th trc ht tnh s mol electron trao i tng in cc (ne) theo cng thc: ne = (*) (vi F = 96500 khi t = giy v F = 26,8 khi t = gi). Sau da vo th t in phn, so snh tng s mol electron nhng hoc nhn vi ne bit mc in phn xy ra. V d d on xem cation kim loi c b kh ht khng hay nc c b in phn khng v H2O c b in phn th in cc no - Nu bi cho lng kh thot ra in cc hoc s thay i v khi lng dung dch, khi lng in cc, pH,th da vo cc bn phn ng tnh s mol electron thu hoc nhng mi in cc ri thay vo cng thc (*) tnh I hoc t - Nu bi yu cu tnh in lng cn cho qu trnh in phn th p dng cng thc: Q = I.t = ne.F - C th tnh thi gian t cn in phn ht mt lng ion m bi cho ri so snh vi thi gian t trong bi. Nu t < t th lng ion b in phn ht cn nu t > t th lng ion cha b in phn ht - Khi in phn cc dung dch trong cc bnh in phn mc ni tip th cng dng in v thi gian in phn mi bnh l nh nhau s thu hoc nhng electron cc in cc cng tn phi nh nhau v cc cht sinh ra cc in cc cng tn t l mol vi nhau - Trong nhiu trng hp c th dng nh lut bo ton mol electron (s mol electron thu c catot = s mol electron nhng anot) gii cho nhanh III MT S V D MINH HA V d 1: in phn ha ton 2,22 gam mui clorua kim loi trng thi nng chy thu c 448 ml kh ( ktc) anot. Kim loi trong mui l: A. Na B. Ca C. K D. Mg

Hng dn: nCl2 = 0,02 Ti catot: Mn+ + ne M Theo lbt khi lng mM = m(mui) m(Cl2) = 2,22 0,02.71 = 0,8 gam Ti anot: 2Cl Cl2 + 2e Theo lbt mol electron ta c nM = M l Ca (hoc c th vit phng trnh in phn MCln M = 20.n n = 2 v

M + n/2Cl2 tnh) p n B

V d 2: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc Pt) 200 gam dung dch NaOH 10 % n khi dung dch NaOH trong bnh c nng 25 % th ngng in phn. Th tch kh ( ktc) thot ra anot v catot ln lt l: A. 149,3 lt v 74,7 lt B. 156,8 lt v 78,4 lt C. 78,4 lt v 156,8 lt D. 74,7 lt v 149,3 lt Hng dn: mNaOH (trc in phn) = 20 gam in phn dung dch NaOH thc cht l in phn nc: H2O 1/2 O2 (anot) + H2 (catot) NaOH khng i m (dung dch sau in phn) = 80 gam m (H2O b in phn) = 200 80 = 120 gam nH2O = 20/3 mol VO = 74,7 lt v VH = 149,3 lt p n D V d 3: Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 ( d = 1,25 g/ml) vi in cc graphit (than ch) thy khi lng dung dch gim 8 gam. lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn li trong dung dch sau in phn cn dng 100 ml dung dch H2S 0,5 M. Nng phn trm ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u l: A. 12,8 % B. 9,6 % C. 10,6 % D. 11,8 % Hng dn: nH2S = 0,05 mol - Gi x l s mol CuSO4 tham gia qu trnh in phn: CuSO4 + H2O Cu + 1/2O2 + H2SO4 (1) m (dung dch gim) = m Cu(catot) + m O2(anot) = 64x + 16x = 8 x = 0,1 mol - CuSO4 + H2S CuS + H2SO4 (2) nH2S = nCuSO4 = 0,05 mol - T (1) v (2) nCuSO4 (ban u) = 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,15 (mol) C% = p n B V d 4: in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2 M vi cng dng in 9,65A. Tnh khi lng Cu bm vo catot khi thi gian in phn t1 = 200 s v t2 = 500 s. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100 % A. 0,32 gam v 0,64 gam B. 0,64 gam v 1,28 gam C. 0,64 gam v 1,60 gam D. 0,64 gam v 1,32 gam

Hng dn: nCuSO4 = 0,02 = nCu2+ Thi gian cn thit in phn ht Cu2+ l t = s t1 < t < t2 Ti t1 2+ c 1/2 s mol Cu b in phn m1 = 0,01.64 = 0,64 gam v ti t2 Cu2+ b in phn ht m2 = 1,28 gam p n B V d 5: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1A. Khi thy catot bt u c bt kh thot ra th dng in phn. trung ha dung dch thu c sau khi in phn cn dng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Thi gian in phn v nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u l: A. 965 s v 0,025 M B. 1930 s v 0,05 M C. 965 s v 0,05 M D. 1930 s v 0,025 M Hng dn: nNaOH = 0,01 mol - Khi catot bt u c bt kh (H2) thot ra chng t CuSO4 b in phn ht theo phng trnh: CuSO4 + H2O Cu + 1/2O2 + H2SO4 - nNaOH = nOH = 0,01 mol nH2SO4 = 0,5.nH+ = 0,5.nOH = 0,005 (mol) nCu = nCuSO4 = 0,005 (mol) = 0,005 t = 965 s v CM(CuSO ) = M (hoc c th da vo cc phn ng thu hoc nhng electron in cc tnh) p n A V d 6: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,1 M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M vi in cc tr v cng dng in bng 5A. Sau 19 pht 18 giy dng in phn, ly catot sy kh thy tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,16 gam B. 1,72 gam C. 2,58 gam D. 3,44 gam Hng dn: nAg+ = 0,02 mol ; nCu2+ = 0,04 mol - Ta c ne = mol - Th t cc ion b kh ti catot: Ag+ + 1e Ag (1) sau (1) cn 0,06 0,02 = 0,04 mol electron 0,02 0,02 0,02 Cu2+ + 2e Cu (2) sau (2) cn d 0,02 mol Cu2+ 0,02 0,04 0,02 m (catot tng) = m (kim loi bm vo) = 0,02.(108 + 64) = 3,44 gam p n D V d 7: Ha tan 50 gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,6 M thu c dung dch X. em in phn dung dch X (cc in cc tr) vi cng dng in 1,34A trong 4 gi. Khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc) ln lt l (Bit hiu sut in phn l 100 %): A. 6,4 gam v 1,792 lt B. 10,8 gam v 1,344 lt C. 6,4 gam v 2,016 lt D. 9,6 gam v 1,792 lt

Hng dn: nCuSO4.5H2O = nCuSO4 = 0,2 mol ; nHCl = 0,12 mol - Ta c ne = mol - Th t in phn ti catot v anot l: Ti catot: Cu2+ + 2e Cu Cu2+ cha b in phn ht m (kim loi catot) = 0,1.64 = 6,4 gam 0,1 0,2 0,1 Ti anot: 2Cl Cl2 + 2e ne (do Cl nhng) = 0,12 < 0,2 mol ti anot Cl b in phn ht v 0,12 0,06 0,12 n nc b in phn ne (do H2O nhng) = 0,2 0,12 = 0,08 mol 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e 0,02 0,08 V (kh thot ra anot) = (0,06 + 0,02).22,4 = 1,792 lt p n A V d 8: C 200 ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3, in phn ht ion kim loi trong dung dch cn dng cng dng in 0,402A trong 4 gi. Sau khi in phn xong thy c 3,44 gam kim loi bm catot. Nng mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong hn hp u ln lt l: A. 0,2 M v 0,1 M B. 0,1 M v 0,2 M C. 0,2 M v 0,2 M D. 0,1 M v 0,1 M Hng dn: - Ta c ne = 0.06mol - Ti catot: Ag+ + 1e Ag Ta c h phng trnh: 2x+y=0,06 va 64x+108y=3,44 x x (mol) Cu2+ + 2e Cu CM Cu(NO3)2 = CM AgNO3 = 0,1 M p nD y y (mol) V d 9: Ha tan 4,5 gam tinh th MSO4.5H2O vo nc c dung dch X. in phn dung dch X vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1,93A. Nu thi gian in phn l t (s) th thu c kim loi M catot v 156,8 ml kh ti anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t (s) th thu c 537,6 ml kh . Bit th tch cc kh o ktc. Kim loi M v thi gian t ln lt l: A. Ni v 1400 s B. Cu v 2800 s C. Ni v 2800 s D. Cu v 1400 s Hng dn: Gi nMSO4 = nM2+ = x mol

V d 10: Mc ni tip hai bnh in phn: bnh (1) cha dung dch MCl2 v bnh (2) cha

dung dch AgNO3. Sau 3 pht 13 giy th catot bnh (1) thu c 1,6 gam kim loi cn catot bnh (2) thu c 5,4 gam kim loi. C hai bnh u khng thy kh catot thot ra. Kim loi M l: A. Zn B. Cu C. Ni D. Pb Hng dn: - Do hai bnh mc ni tip nn ta c: Q = I.t = 1,6.2.F/M M = 64 Cu p n B V d 11: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100 %) thu c m kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 54,0 kg B. 75,6 kg C. 67,5 kg D. 108,0 kg Hng dn: 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 (1) ; C + O2 CO2 (2) ; 2C + O2 2CO (3) - Do X = 32 hn hp X c CO2 ; CO (x mol) v O2 d (y mol) - 2,24 lt X + Ca(OH)2 d 0,02 mol kt ta = nCO2 trong 67,2 m3 X c 0,6 CO2 - Ta c h phng trnh: 44.0,6+28x+32y =32.3v 0,6 + x + y = 3 x = 1,8 v y = 0,6 T (1) ; (2) ; (3) mAl = 7.56kg p n B