N LUYN K19

Cu 1: C mt s ch tiu trong h thng ti khon quc gia nh sau:

Ch tiu
Khu hao ti sn c nh
u t rng
Xut khu

Gi tr
200
50
100

Ch tiu
Tiu dng ca h gia nh
Chi mua hng ho ca chnh ph
Nhp khu

Gi tr
500
300
150

a- Hy tnh GDP danh ngha theo gi th trng?

b- Bn s dng phng php no tnh GDP? Theo phng php ny, GDP c cha thu
gin thu hay khng?
Cu 2:
Mt nn kinh t gi nh c cc s liu sau:
C = 60 + 0,75YD

I = 80 + 0,15Y 60r

G = 400

MD = 900 100r + 0,1Y

T l D tr tin mt trong dnc l 30%

T = 0,2Y

H = 200

Cc NHTM D tr ng t l bt buc l 10% Yp = 2000

Trong , C: tiu dng, I: u t, G: chi mua hng ho ca Chnh ph, T: Thu, X: xut khu, M:
nhp khu, Y: thu nhp hay sn lng, YD: thu nhp kh dng; Yp: Sn lng tim nng. MD: Hm
cu tin t, MS: Hm cung tin, r l li sut. n v ca li sut l %, ca cc i lng tnh c
khc l t USD.
Yu cu:
a-

Vit phng trnh hm IS?

b-

Vit phng trnh hm LM?

c-

Tnh sn lng v li sut cn bng ca nn kinh t theo m hnh IS-LM?

d-

Xc nh tnh trng cn cn ngn sch v cn cn thng mi?

Cu 3:
Mt nn kinh t c cc hm sau y:
C = 400 + 0,8 YD

I = 1200 200 r + 0,1Y

G = 800

MS = 600

X = 530

M = 50 + 0,14 Y

T = 100 + 0,2 Y

MD = 400 + 0,1Y 50 r

Trong :
C: chi tiu dng; I: u t t nhn; G: chi mua hng ho ca chnh ph; T: Hm thu rng;
X: xut khu; M: nhp khu; MS : cung ni t; MD: cu ni t; r: li sut ; Y: thu nhp hay sn
lng quc gia.
n v ca li sut tnh bng %; Cc i lng khc tnh bng t ng.

Yu cu:
a- Vit cc phng trnh cc ng IS, LM? S dng m hnh IS-LM (gii h phng trnh)
xc nh cn bng ca c th trng hng ho v th trng tin t?
b- Tnh mc tiu dng, mc u t, cn cn ngn sch mc sn lng cn bng?
c- Gi s hm vn u t nc ngoi rng (cn cn vn) l K = - 550 + 140i. Ti trng thi
cn bng tnh c cu a, tnh trng cn cn thanh ton nh th no?
(Gi : d tr ngoi t khng i, cn cn vn v cn cn vng lai phi b tr c
cho nhau. Ngha l K + X = M. y cng l phng trnh ca cn cn thanh ton BP)
d- Nu Ngn hng Trung ng s dng chnh sch tin t m rng th li sut v sn lng ca
nn kinh t s thay i nh th no?

Bi lm
Cu 1:
a. Tnh GDP danh ngha theo gi th trng
GDP = C + I + G + NX = C + I + G + X M
Vy, ta c:
C = 500
I = 50
G = 300
X = 100
M = 150
GDP danh ngha theo gi th trng = 500 + 50 + 300 + 100 150 = 800
b. Phng php s dng tnh GDP: Tnh GDP theo sn phm
Theo phng php ny, GDP khng cha thu gin thu
Cu 2:
a. Vit phng trnh hm IS
Ta c: Phng trnh hm IS c dng:
Y = C + I + G + X M (*)
C: C = 60 + 0,75 Yd
I = 80 + 0,15 Y 60r
G = 400
C : Yd = Y T m T = 0,2 Y
Yd = Y 0,2 Y = O,8 Y

Thay vo (*) ta c: Y = 60 + 0,75 * 0,8 Y + 80 + 0,15 Y 60r + 400

Y = 540 + 0,75 Y 60 r
0,25 Y = 540 - 60r
Y = 2160 240r (1)
b. Vit phng trnh hm LM
Ms = Md
Md = 900 100r + 0,1 Y (**)
C Ms = M1 = H * Km
Km = (1 + Cp)/ (Cp + Cb + Cty)
Cp d tr ca dn chng : 0,3
Cb d tr bt buc ca Ngn hang TM: 0,1
Cty d tr ty ca Ngn hang : 0
Vy: Km = (1 + 0,3)/ (0,3 + 0,1) = 3,25
M = M1 = 200 * 3,25 = 650
Thay vo (**) ta c: 650 = 900 100r + 0,1 Y
Y = 1000 r 2500 (2)
c. Tnh sn lng v li sut cn bng ca nn kinh t theo m hnh IS - LM
(1) = (2)
2160 240r = 1000r 2500
1240 r = 4660 r = 3,76 (%)
Thay vo (2) ta c : Y = 1260 (t USD)
d. Xc nh tnh trng cn cn Ngn sch v cn cn thng mi

Xc nh cn cn Ngn sch

Ti mc sn lng cn bng:
Thu: T = 0,2 Y = 0,2 * 1260 = 252
Chi chuyn nhng: Tr = 0
G = 400
Vy T < G Ngn sch thm ht

Xc nh cn cn thng mi

Khng xc nh c do khng c thng tin v X v M

Ch : Thng tin v Yd = 2000 cha c s dng
Cu 3:

a. Vit phng trnh hm IS, LM v xc nh Y v r cn bng

* Phng trnh hm IS :
Y = C + I + G + X M (*)
C: C = 400 + 0,8 Yd
I = 1200 + 0,1 Y 200r
G = 800
X = 530
M = 50 + 0,14Y
C : Yd = Y T m T = 100 + 0,2 Y
Yd = Y 100 - 0,2 Y Yd = O,8 Y 100
Thay vo (*): Y = 400 + 0,8 (0,8Y 100) + 1200 + 0,1Y 200r + 800 + 530 50 0,14 Y
Y = 400 + 0,64 Y 80 + 2480 + 0,1 Y 200r 0,14Y
(1 0,64 0,1+ 0,14) Y = 2800 200r
0,4 Y = 2800 200r
Y = 7000 500 r (1)
* Phng trnh hm LM :
Ms = Md
Vy: 600 = 400 50r + 0,1 Y
0,1 Y = 200 + 50r .
Y = 2000 + 500r (2)
* Tnh sn lng v li sut cn bng ca nn kinh t theo m hnh IS - LM
(1) = (2)
7000 - 500r = 2000 + 500r
1000 r = 5000 r = 5 (%)
Thay vo (2) ta c : Y = 4500 (t ng)
Th trng hng ha v tin t cn bng mc sn lng 4500 t ng v li sut l 5%
b. Xc nh mc tiu dng, mc u t v cn cn ngn sch mc sn lng cn
bng
Vi Y = 4500
C T = 100 + 0,2 Y T = 1000 (t ng)
Yd = 4500 1000 = 3500 (t ng)
C = 400 + 0,8 Yd C = 400 + 0,8* 3500

 C = 3200. (t ng)
I = 1200 200r + 0,1 Y I = 1200 200* 5 + 0,1 * 4500 I = 650 (t ng)
Cn cn Ngn sch: C T = 1000; G = 800
T G = 200 > 0 nn cn cn Ngn sch thng d
c. Cho cn cn vn: K = - 550 + 140i
d tr ngoi t khng i, cn cn vn v cn cn vng lai phi b tr c cho nhau
Ta c:
K+ X = - 550 + 140i + 530 . Do i = r = 5 K+ X = 680
M = 50 + 0,14 Y. C Y = 4500 nn: M = 680
Vy : K + X = M = 680 cn cn thanh ton cn bng
d. Nu NH TW s dng chnh sch tin t m rng tng mc cung tin li sut gim
u t tng sn lng ca nn kinh t tng