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TQM
Total - made up of the whole Quality - degree of excellence a product or service provides Management - act, art or manner of planning, controlling, directing,. Therefore, TQM is the art of managing the whole to achieve excellence.
Continuous Improvement
Principles
Customer Focus
Process Improvement
Total Involvement
Elements
Leadership Education and Training Supportive structure Communications Reward and recognition Measurement
Total Quality Management
ELEMENTS OF TQM
Customer Focus:
It is important to focus on the customer, both internal and external i.e., the employees and the users of the end product - the students. In TQM parlance, the customer is the next process and not just a person who pays for the product or service.
Employee Involvement:
People at all levels make up an organization and their full involvement enables their abilities to be used for an institution's benefit.
There is a beginning to the process of TQM, but there is no end. Checking, rechecking, valuation, re-evaluation, engineering and re-engineering are essential to ensure continuous improvement.
Continuous Improvement:
ELEMENTS OF TQM
Universal Responsibility:
A TQM leader has to learn that inspection is not a means to achieve quality. One eliminates the need for inspection by building quality into the product in the first place. TQM helps us to recognize the fact that it is we ourselves who are responsible for quality work.
Addressing Deficiencies:
TQM is a management philosophy that seeks to prevent poor quality in products and services, rather than simply to detect and sort out defects. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
OBJECTIVES OF TQM
To develop a conceptual understanding of the basic principles and methods associated with TQM. To an understanding of how these methods and principles have been put into effect in a variety of organisations. To develop an understanding of the relationship between TQM develop principles and theories and models studied in traditional management. To do the right things, right the time every time.
PRINCIPLES OF TQM
TQM can be defined as the management of initiatives and procedures that are aimed at achieving the delivery of quality products and services. A number of key principles can be identified in defining TQM, including: Executive Management Top management should act as the main driver for TQM and create an environment that ensures its success. Training Employees should receive regular training on the methods and concepts of quality. Customer Focus Improvements in quality should improve customer satisfaction. Decision Making Quality decisions should be made based on measurements. Methodology and Tools Use of appropriate methodology and tools ensures that non-conformances are identified, measured and responded to consistently.
Plan
Act
Standardize successful method, revise unsuccessful plan
Do
Implement plan Using data to check: results match the goal? Collect data for evaluation
Study
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3)
Workers may be resistant to change may feel less secure in job . Inhibits the developers creativity because they have to work out the inefficiencies.
4)
3. 4.
5.
Everyone works together to make things work better. There is limited creativity in total quality management for developers as they are limited to making and fixing according to what consumers think . There is a lot of pressure placed on employees to get things right the first time and not much room for trial and error. Perhaps one of the biggest problems with TQM and perhaps why so many companies do not want to use the system is because it is not very cost effective in the short run . The idea, and actual implementation may prevent a large recall, but in the mean time there are up front costs associated with it
REFERENCES
Accounting for Management, 2009. Available from: <http://www.accountingformanagement.com/total_quality_management.ht m>. [20.10.2010]. Bizcovering, 2010. Available from: <http://bizcovering.com/business/totalquality-management-4>. [14.11.2010]. Burtynsky, Edward 2007, Manufacturing #15. Available from: <http://www.artists4kids.com/artist.php?artist_id=BURTYNSKY>. [14.11.2010]. Business Knowledge Source, n.d.. Available from: <http://businessknowledgesource.com/manufacturing/tqm_manufacturing_ techniques_pros_and_cons_025575.html/>. [20.10.2010]. Ross, J.E. 1999. Total Quality Management - Text, Cases and Reading. 3rd edition, Florida, USA: CRC Press LLC St. Lucie. Total Quality Management - P PRASSANNA.