Gio trnh V M Thut

B GIO DC V O TO I HC NNG TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

GIO TRNH V M THUT 1

V BT ST
TI LIU THAM KHO DNH CHO SINH VIN HC NGNH KIN TRC

BIN SON: GV. HS. TRN VN TM NNG, 2007

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CHNG 1

CC KHI NIM CHUNG V V M THUT.

1. PHN BIT V K THUT VI V M THUT. 1.1 . V k thut: V k thut i hi s chnh xc cao, nt v phi u, sc so, r rng, c th v tng loi nt cng nh kch c ca nt, bi mc ch ca v k thut l khi c bn v, c th lm ra c sn phm ging ht nh trong bn v. V vy, v k thut thng phi dng n cc loi thc k, cc loi bt v chuyn dng c u ngi to, nh khc nhau. V d nh v thit k kin trc, v thit k my mc 1.2. V m thut: V m thut phi linh hot, sng to, nt v sinh ng, phng khong theo cm xc ca ngi v, bi mc ch ca v m thut ngoi th hin ci p cn gi gm c tm trng ca ngi v. V vy, v m thut thng dng cc loi bt v linh hot v nt, ph hp vi tng cht liu mu v v khng dng thc k. V d nh v tnh vt, phong cnh, v sng tc 2. PHN BIT V HNH HA VI V TRANG TR. 2.1. V hnh ha: V hnh ha l mn hc c bn ca m thut, l v nguyn cu nhng mu c nh, v trung thc vi mu. V v nguyn cu nn cn v lu, v k, v mc ch ca hnh ha l rn luyn c quan st, nm c cu trc mu v k nng th hin bn v. 2.2. V trang tr: V trang tr l mn hc c bn ca m thut, l v khng hon ton l thuc vo mu m ch da trn c s thc t ca mu ri cch iu, h cu, sng to theo ca ngi v. 3. CC CHT LIU V M THUT. Cht liu v m thut rt phong ph. Tt c cc loi cht liu, vt liu g c th to ra vt tch th u c th c dng v. Tuy nhin, cc cht liu m thng s dng l mu bt, mu nc, sn du, ch, bt st, mc nho, than, phn mu, sp mu, sn mi Mi cht liu u c v p ring, u c sc hp dn ring.

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H1. V k thut: Chi tit my.

H2. V k thut: Bn trang im.

H3. V m thut: T Bi Hng, nga phi, mc nho.

H4. V m thut: R.Hanna, phong cnh, mu nc.

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H6. V trang tr: Bi v SV, Trang tr hnh trn, mu bt. H5. V hnh ha: L Vn Cng, 04KT-HBK Nng, Tng ton thn, bt st, A4.

H7. Cht liu sn mi: Bnh phong.

H8. Cht liu sn du: Tiepolo, Thnh Filippo v c M vi Cha hi ng, 1739-1740. H9. Cht liu mu bt: Trn Vn Tm, Ph c Hi An, 40x55cm, 2001.

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H10. Hai hnh trn: C. Moor, bn tri: bt ch. Bn phi: bt d en. Hnh di bn tri: D. Sneary, ch mu. Hnh di bn phi: P. Marovich, phn mu.

H11. Hnh trn bn tri: S. Gordon, marker v bt d. Hnh trn bn phi: R. Hanna, mu nc. Hnh di bn tri: G. Mellenbruch, tempera. Hnh di bn phi: C. Caple, phun mu.

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CHNG 2

V U CT KIN TRC C
1. CHT LIU BT ST V CCH V. 1.1. nh ngha: V vi cng c l bt v c u ngi bng kim loi, dng vi mc en.

H13. N. DaNa, k ha nt. H12. Bi v SV, cng ph cha ng Lm, H Ty.

1.2. Mc ch ca vic hc v bt st: Gip sinh vin kin trc nm c nhng k thut c bn v cht liu bt st phc v cho vic v k ha hay phc tho sng tc kin trc sau ny. 1.3. Cc loi bt v mc v: 1.3.1. Ngi bt v: - Bt my: Loi bt ny r, tin li, c th m t kin trc tt, nt u. - Bt my k ha: u ngi bt c ct cho, cng c loi u ngi bt cu to ht trn, c th biu hin c nhiu cch v khc nhau.
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H14. Bt st.

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- Bt kim: C th thay u bt c cc s khc nhau, thch hp vi vic gia cng hoc chnh l cc bn v k ho, tuy nhin d b hng. 1.3.2. Mc v: Mc mu en, dng lng v c cha trong cc l, bnh. Loi mc ny c bn rng ri trn th trng, tuy nhin ngi v nn chn loi khng c ng cn trnh trng hp tt hay nhanh kh mc thng rt hay gp phi.

H16. Nghin mc H15. Thi mc nho.

H17. L mc nho.

1.4.

Phng php v:

Cch v bt st rt linh hot, mi ngi c mt cch ring th hin, song thng thng khi th hin cc m nht ngi ta hay dng nt an trnh b bt nh: an vung, an qu trm, an mt co... ging nh phng php v bt ch hc. Nhng v tnh cht ng nt ca bt st l r rng, u v m nn d to s tng phn mnh lit gia mu en ca mc v trng ca giy v. Tuy cch din t bng bt st l rt phong ph nhng cng cn nn tun th theo nhng bc c bn sau: - Chn cnh, chn gc v, chn b cc m ta cho l p nht ri phn tch, nhn xt, so snh i tng v t cc gc khc nhau, mc ch thc tnh trong mnh linh cm th hin, tm ti ngn t sng to, t phng php v s c ny sinh v sau mi theo cch ngh ca ngi v bt u v.
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- Phc s b tng th hnh, v tng qut nhng nt chnh ca hnh, v vy khi phc cn v nh tay d sa hnh nu sai. Trong khi phc hnh cn kt hp gia o v c lng, so snh. - Nu l c t, v su th cn kim tra v chnh hnh sau khi dng. - i su khc ha, tm ra mt cch th hin thch hp cho mnh v nh sng, bng , sng ti. C th l tm nhng mng ti, ln v trc v nhn tng quan chung chnh l, tng m dn ln. - Khi m nht c chuyn thch hp, hi ho th nhn mnh thm cho phn trng tm, nhng v tr gn v lm m i nhng v tr xa to chiu su ca khng gian. Mun hng s ch ca ngi xem vo phn trng tm th cn x l en trng tng phn mnh lit. i vi ngi v mi tip xc vi cht liu bt st hoc phn dng hnh cha c vng vng, th nn dng hnh khi qut bng ch trc ri sau mi dng n bt st t bng. 2. V U CT KIN TRC C.

H18. Vnh Xun Quang, 01KT-HBK N, 2001

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H19. H Vn Phc, 2007.

H20. Phm Huy, 05KT-HBK N, 2005.

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H21, Phm Ngc Vinh Dng, 2007.

H22.H Tuyn, 2006. TRN VN TM

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CHNG 3

V TNG THCH CAO TON THN.

1. S LC V GII PHU C TH NGI: 1.1. Cu to xng: 1.1.1. Cu trc xng s: + Ton b xng u c 22 xng gm 8 s v 14 mt. Ring xng quai hm di c ng c. + Xng s ngi mt trc c hnh bu dc, trn to di nh. + Cu trc xng s cc la tui u c s khc nhau. Tr em cng nh th phn hp s cng ln so vi t l u v cho n khi trng thnh th n nh v hon chnh, cn i.

H23. Xng u ca ba la tui: Tr con, trng thnh, ngi gi.

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1.1.2. Xng mnh v tay chn: + Xng ct sng: Gm 24 t chnh, ngn, chng khp ln nhau. Phn t trn cng gn vi xng s, phn di cng c 5 t gn thnh mt khi lin tam gic gi l t sng cng, gn vi xng chu. Nhn nghing ta thy hnh ch S.
H24. Xng s nhn mt trc v sau.

+ Xng sn: Gm nhiu on xng c hnh cong, mt u bm vo xng c, u kia gn vi xng ct sng to thnh mt hnh lng. C 2 xng khng gn vo xng c m ch gn vo ct sng, gi l xng ct.

H25. Xng phn thn nhn mt trc.

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+ Xng n (xng n gnh): Nm trn phn vai pha trc. Mt u xng n gn vo u trn ca xng c, u kia gi ln xng b vai.

H26. Xng n gnh bn phi nhn mt trc v trn.

+ Xng b vai: Nm pha sau vai gia hai bn ct sng.

H27. Xng phn thn nhn mt sau.

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+ Xng chu: C hnh nh con bm, nm phn cui ca xng ct sng. Xng chu ca nam hp phn trn v cao, n th rng phn trn v thp. + Xng tay: Gm xng cnh tay mi bn mt lng gn khp vi xng b vai. Xng cng tay c 2 xng, xng ln l xng tr v xng nh l xng quay. Xng c tay c 8 xng con kt thnh hai hng. Xng bn tay gm c nhiu t nh khp vi nhau to nn bn tay vi cc ngn tay. Phn trn gm 5 xng di khp vi xng c tay.

H28. Xng tay.

H 29. Xng chn.

+ Xng chn: Gm mi bn mt xng i khp vi xng chu; xng cng chn gm 2 xng l xng chy di v to, xng m nh v mnh. Xng c chn c 7 xng xp thnh hai hng v to nht l xng gt chn. Xng bn chn gm nhiu t to nh khc nhau, k tip nhau to thnh xng bn chn c 5 ngn.
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1.2. Cu to c: 1.2.1. Cc c chnh trn mt v c: + Mt trc: Gm cc c chnh: - C trn. - C vng mt. - C vng mm v c cm. + Mt bn: Gm cc c chnh: - C thi dng. - C quai hm. - C c: C 2 c chnh ko t sau tai xung n ch lm gia c. Ngoi ra cn c phn sn trc c gi l "hu".

H30. C mt.

1.2.2. C mnh: + Mt trc: Gm cc c chnh: - C ngc - C bng v c rng ca. + Mt sau: Gm cc c chnh: - C lng v c thang. - Hai c mng ln.
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H31. C mnh mt trc.

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H32. C mnh mt sau.

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H33. Cc c v phc hnh khi bn thn.

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1.2.3. C tay: Gm c cc c chnh: C b vai, c cnh tay, c c tay v c bn tay.

H34. C tay nhn mt trc.

H37. C tay nhn mt sau.

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1.2.4. C chn: Gm c cc c chnh: C i, c bp chn v c mu bn chn.

H35. C chn v v nguyn cu.

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1.3. T l ngi ln: T 16 tui n 60 tui th mt gia mt. Nhng qu 60 tui th mt li bt u thp xung do xng quai hm thp xung v cc c b nho nn mi di ra, m t l t mi n cm li ngn i. C th pht trin hon thin v cn i. T l cn i 1 nu cho l p l 7 u , tuy 2 nhin gia nam v n cng c cht t khc nhau phn hng v vai. 1.4. T l ngi Chu , Chu u: Do v tr a l, sinh hot, kh hu v dng ging... nn t l ca con ngi trn th gii: cao, thp, bo, gy cng khc nhau. Nhn chung th chiu cao trung bnh ca ngi Chu l t 6 n 7 u, cn ngi Chu u l 7 n 8 u.

H36. T l c th so vi chiu cao ca u.

H37.

Gi

Trng thnh

Thiu nin

Nhi ng

Cn b

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2. PHNG PHP DNG HNH TNG TON THN: - Cng ging nh khi ta v tng chn dung, trc khi v cn quan st k c im chung ca mu nh: t th, hnh dng v nhng c im khc.. - D kin b cc ri tm im tt cng trn v di ca tng. Tm ng trc dc i qua hm c. Ly chiu cao u ca chnh bc tng lm chun ri dng que o tm s u tng theo chiu cao, chiu rng ca tng. - Dng dy di kt hp vi que o tm khung ca u, tm cc im c bit khc nh hai u v, hai vai, khuu tay. Cc im mng, u gi, bn tay, bn chn... - Da vo nhng im trn, kt hp tm cc ng hng ngang, dc, cho theo t th ca mu phc nhng ng thng to c t l khi qut chung cho ton thn. Cng lc hoc sau , dng que o v di kim tra th dng v t l ca tng. c bit, nu tng t th ngh th ng di t c phi ri ng gt chn tr. - Phc ng cong ca hnh, v chi tit c th. - Khi lm xong phn trn, c th bc sang giai on nng cao c tnh ngh thut, tc l din t nt m nht v bng, nhm t khi v t cht.

H38. Tm khung b. TRN VN TM

H39. Tm trc ng v t l u.

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H40. Tm khung u v cc im c bit.

H41. Ni cc im bng ng thng.

H42. Phc hnh chi tit bng ng cong. TRN VN TM

H43. V bng din t m, nht, sng.

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3. BI V CA SINH VIN NGNH KIN TRC: 3.1. Tng ton thn.

H44. L Vn Cng, 04KT-HBK N, 2004.

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H45. L Ng Nht Phng, 01KT- HBK N, 2001.

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H46. Nguyn Khnh Linh, 05KT- HBK N, 2005.

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H47. Trn V Tin, 05KT- HBK N, 2005.

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H48. Nguyn Th Lan Hng, 2007.

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3.2. Tng bn thn tham kho.

H49. Ng Th Thng, 2007.

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H50. Lu Cng Tin, 2007.

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CHNG 4

V PHONG CNH
1. PHNG PHP CHN CNH: Tu theo tnh hung m chn cnh theo yu cu hoc theo thch. Tuy nhin phi c mt ci chung nht l gc nhn phi gy c cm xc m c a s chp nhn. C th l phong cnh , gc nhn phong ph v mng, v hnh, c nhp iu, lm vui mt nhng khng b ri, khng b chung chung, u u v mng khi v ng nt. Ngi xung, ng ln hoc thay i v tr nhn tm ra mt cnh, mt b cc p nht, gy cm xc nht. 2. PHNG PHP CT CNH: Ging nh trong b phn ngm hnh ca my nh c khung hnh ch nht (c ng dc ngang hnh ch thp gia), chnh l "ct" c cnh. Phng tin ct cnh ca chng ta l mt ming ba cng c chic b th tr hnh ch nht gia c 8cm x 5cm. C th cng thm ch en gia, dc, ngang v ly giy dn ln u dy gi cho dy khng x dch. a tm ba ln ngang tm mt v nhn qua l thng ct cnh. Nh c ng dy ch hnh ch thp nn trnh c mt s trng hp c bit theo nguyn tc b cc sau:

H51. Ct cnh bng ming ba.

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+ Khng c chia i theo chiu ngang cng nh chiu dc. + Khng t hnh trng tm (ch im) vo ng ng dc gia ca ng dy ch thp. + Bn gc ca bc tranh l cc im "cht", nn khng b tr con ng t y ra hoc mt gc cy hay mt hn ... + Khng ct dc thn cy v tr mp tranh, hoc mt cy tr in hay mp tng nh... Ngoi ra, n gin c th dng hai bn tay ct cnh. 3. PHNG PHP V CY, NH, NC: 3.1. V cy: Ngi xa ni 4 ci kh nht khi v thin nhin l: nht mc (cy), nh nhn (ngi), tam vn (my), t iu (chim). V vy: + Cn nguyn cu, quan st k cc dng cy, cc tn l v nhng c im ring ca tng loi cy v sao cho n gin m vn nhn ra c l loi cy g. V d: - Cy nhn vm l c hnh trn. - Cy thng vm l c hnh chp. - Cy bng vm l c hnh tn.

H52. Cu to cc cnh cy, cc vm l. TRN VN TM

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+ Khi v cy khng nn ta k tng l m quy vo mng v khi ln, tr trng hp cn c t mt s l gn. Cu lu cc khong trng trn vm l, nu khng s d b b, ri nh ng rm...

H53. V tn cy c: xa-gn, sng-ti.

H54. V cy c nhng khong trng trong vm l.

+ Trong qu trnh v nn lc gim bt nhng g m chng ta cm thy tha m a vo tranh khng p. ng thi cng c th nng cao, thp hay x dch cy cht t. + Mi loi cy khc nhau th chiu hng bt php v cng nn thay i to s phong ph v vui mt.

H55. Bt php khc nhau khi din ha cc loi cy khc nhau.

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3.2. V nh: + Chn gc nhn p. + i vi nh kiu hin i, ch n vic t cht ca b tng, gch, ngi, tn, ... + i vi nh c xa, bng tre l th cng ch n vic t cht . + Tm nhng mng ti, sng, bng chnh l m - nht hp l. Lu n php phi cnh.

H56. (a). Dick Breary; (b). Michael: Din t phi cnh,nh sng, bng , cht liubng hai bt php khc nhau. TRN VN TM

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3.3. Phng php v sng, nc: Nghin cu v nhn xt tng trng thi ca sng, nc trc khi v, bi v chnh n th hin thi tit, vn vt xung quanh. Bng di nc th khng bao gi m hay sng bng hnh vt trn b chiu xung. Do m hnh cc bng di nc v m v khng v ng vin chu vi. Mt nc tnh th bng di nc tng i r rng, nhng khi c gi, sng gn ln tn th bng s b t on, mo m v s lp lnh mt tri nu c nng. ng nt v cng rt quan trng trong khi t cht sng, nc. Dng nt thng t trn xung d to cm gic su. Dng nt ngang d to cm gic tri rng mnh mng v dng nt cong, xon d gi ra sng.

H57. Kant, m chy: Nt cong gi nn la khi cun cun chy, tng phn vi nt ngang gi s yn tnh, mnh mng ca mt h.

H58. Nt cong gi sng nhp nh. H59. Savatri, trch chuyn k 10 ngy: Nt cong gi khi.

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4. BI V PHONG CNH CA SINH VIN NGNH KIN TRC.

H640 Nguyn Nht Huy, 01KT- HBK N, Cng Cha, 2001.

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H61. L Trng Di H, 05KT- HBK N, Mt gc khu A, 2005.

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H62. Trn H L, 05KT- HBK N, K ha mt gc vn, 2005.

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H63. Trn ng Khoa, 02KT- HBK N, Cha, 2002.

H64. K ha ca SV H Phng ng, Cha Ma, ng Lm, H Ty, 2006.

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H65. Bi v SV, Cng mt ngi nh c lng Mng Ph, ng Lm, H Ty. 2006.

H66. Bi v SV, K ha mt gc lng Mng Ph, H Ty.

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5. MT S TRANH PHONG CNH THAM KHO V CCH DIN T KHC.

H67. Din ha phi cnh kin trc.

H68. Kerry, bt st. TRN VN TM

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H69. Nhng con nai, v bng nt chm.

H70. Chn dung Lep Tolstoy, k ha nt.

H71. Senraifanin,Chn dung C. Browson, v chm,1974.

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H72. Rod Henmi, bt st v nc.

H73. Robert Hanna, bt st m mu nc.

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6. NG DNG BT ST TRONG DIN HA KIN TRC.

H74. Cu to cc tn cy v l.

H75. Phi cnh ni tht, bt st m bt d mu.

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H76. Chad Moor, v phi cnh kin trc.

H77. Rod Henmi, K ha kin trc.

H90. Din ha ngi .

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H91. Russell Stutle, bt st v mu nc.

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