NHNG CM NHN C BN V MU SC TRONG

PHOTOSHOP

Li ni u:

Bn nh gi mt tm nh p da trn nhng tiu ch no: Ni dung - B cc Mu sc? Chc chn
01 tm nh p phi t c 03 chun trn. Th nhng nu ni ci no l quan trng nht hn s c
nhiu cu tr li tu theo gc nhn ca mi ngi !

Do bi vit c ky cp t nhiu ngun ti liu v cha c trnh by mt cch h thng, v vy nu
ch no thiu st mong cc bn b sung hoc gp .

Bi 1 : Tng quan v mu sc trong PS.

Phn I: Cc ch mu trong Photoshop:

Quan st hp thoi Color Picker bn nhn thy c bn ch mu ph bin:
RGB:
- L b mu gm 03 mu c bn: (R) Xanh l cy (G) v Xanh da tri (B)
- RGB l khng gian mu dng tnh thng c s dng ph bin v n rt thun li trong vic chnh
sa.
CMYK:
- L s phi hp gia Cyan (da tri) Magenta (tm) Yellow (vng) v blacK (en)
- CMYK l khng gian mu m tnh thng c dn in n s dng.
Lab:
- Anh chng ny kh c bit, bn hy th chuyn mt file RGB sang Lab th xem (Image > Mode > Lab
Color) Trong bng Channel n s gii m cho bn, n chnh l cc knh nh. Trong thng tin v knh
mu en trng L c tch ra t thng tin chung ca mu sc. Knh a mang thng tin mu xanh
sang v knh b mang thng tin mu xanh sang vng.
- Lab l mt khng gian mu c lp v chnh sa mu trong h ca n l mt cng vic th v v mt s
di chuyn nh nhng trn knh a hoc knh b cng to ra nhng thay i mnh m nht v mu sc.
- Lab l h mu rt thch hp trong chnh sa nh KTS
HSB:
- Hue lin quan n mu sc, Saturation ( thm qua) xc nh s lng mu sc v Brihtness (
chi) lin quan n s lng nh sng c trong mu sc.
- HSB thng c dng trong vic chnh sa nh chn dung.

Phn II: Lm vic vi mu sc

- Vi cc bn thch chnh sa nh th ngh v chi sau l nhng th khng th thiu:
Eyedropper: c hnh ng nh thuc nm trong thanh cng c. N l mt densitometer k thut s m
bn c th di chuyn qua hnh nh o tng mu v nhng gi tr mu sc. Bn ang lng tng v
khng bit cch phi mu nh th no t ln ln da ca mt kiu n no ? ng lo ! Bn hy la
mt tm ngi mu tht p li ra cnh tm mun chnh, dng Eyedropper chch nh ln ngi
mu vng da p nht (cm chch vng nhy cm nhe) ngay lp tc mu s xut hin trong
Foreground hoc Background ca bn, tha h m t cho tm mun chnh. lu tr cho nhng ln
sau bn c th ghi li m ca cc mu bng
Bng Info: Khi bn r tr chut ti bt k ni u trn tm hnh bng Info s ghi li gip bn mt cch
chnh xc cc thng s RGB v CMYK
Bng Color: Gip bn chnh cc mu Foreground hoc Background d dng bng cc thanh trt.
Levels v Curves: ci thin vng sng vng bng ti (Ctrl + L) v iu chnh tng phn (Ctrl +
M)
Blending Modes (BM): Cu cu ny rt quan trng nm ngay hng u bng Layers y vy m chng c
tn tui g trong cc bng ca Photoshop. Blending Modes chnh l ch pha trn mu rt thng
c s dng trong chnh sa hay sng to nh ngh thut. BM khng lm vic vi lp Background v
vy khi p dng n bn phi i tn (cho n) v phi c t hai layer tr ln n mi chu lm vic.
Quan st BM ta thy c 05 nhm, tu theo mc ch chnh nh hay to nh m mi nhm c nhng p
dng thch hp, v d nhm 05 anh em trn mt chic xe tng Multiply Screen Overlay Soft Light
Hard Light rt thch hp trong x l nh.
(TNDH c nhng bi tutor v Levels Curves Blending Modes ng trong Box ny nn khng nhc
li cch s dng)

Phn III: Vi mo vt tham kho.

* Mu trng ch v mu en ch:

Trong hp thoi Color Picker nu bn thit lp cc thng s sau:
H = 0, S = 0, B = 95
R = 243, G = 243, B = 243 ri Ok.
Bn s c mt mu trng ch .
Nu nhp:
H = 0, S = 0, B = 5
R = 12, G = 12, B = 12 Ok.
Bn s c mu en ch.
Nhp lm chi dzy c ?
c tnh ca cp gi tr 95% sng v 5% bng ti l khu vc an ton nht trnh c tnh trng thnh
phm khi in ra s c nhng vng sng thiu sc thi (giy trng) hoc vng ti ti n ni khng thy
c chi tit no c.

* tng phn ca mu sc:

nhanh bn: mc en vit trn giy trng c phi l nhng mu tng phn d nhn thy nht ?
Chc chn s c 51% nhanh nhu tr li: C ! V hai mu en v Trng l 02 mu c tng phn ln
nht.
TNDH s mi trong s 51% nhanh nhu nu khng c nhng dng di y:

Bng phn loi tng phn:
1. Mc en trn giy vng.
2. Mc xanh l cy trn giy trng.
3. Mc xanh dng trn giy trng.
4. Mc trng trn giy xanh dng.
5. Mc en trn giy trng.
6. Mc vng trn giy en.
7. Mc trng trn giy .
8. Mc trng trn giy xanh l cy.
9. Mc trng trn giy en.
10. Mc trn giy vng.
11. Mc xanh l cy trn giy .
12. Mc trn giy xanh l cy.
Ho ra "n" ch ng hng th 5 trong bng phn loi m thui.
Bi 2: NGH THUT PHI MU

Trong li ni u Nguyn Hnh vit:
Mu sc lun tc ng n cuc sng ca chng ta.
Mu sc l hin tng vt l m mt chng ta thy c.
Mu sc c ngn ng ring ca n m chng ta phi t cm nhn.
Mu sc c sc mnh lm tm hn chng ta rung ng.
Ngi ta c th dng ngh thut phi mu ni ln tng ca mnh m khng cn n li ni hay
cu vn.
Mu sc ngoi ci p tri cho cn c mt chiu su kn o, chnh ci iu k diu y lm rung ng
lng ngi. Tt nhin khng phi lc no mu sc cng p, khng phi lc no mu sc cng hi ho.
V vy ngh thut phi mu s b p nhng khuyt im .

Phn I: Tm tt nhng khi nim

1/ Mu dng tnh:
Mu c to ra t mt ngun sng. V d: khi nhng mu c bn: ; Xanh l cy v Xanh da tri phi
hp vi nhau s to ra mu trng.

2/ Mu m tnh:
L mu c xc nh bi s hp thu nh sng. V d: khi mu Xanh lc, cnh sen v Vng c
phi hp chng s to ra mu nu en.
Nu bn phi nhng mu dng tnh c bn bn s c nhng mu m tnh c bn v ngc li.
Hiu c mi quan h i nghch ny trong mu sc rt cn thit khi phi xc nh v chnh sa nhng
trc trc v mu sc.

V d:
Nu mt hnh nh qu xanh, bn c 2 cch tip cn vn : Hoc tng thm mu vng vn l mu
i nghch vi xanh da tri nhm lm trung ho mu xanh da tri. Hoc gim bt mu xanh da tri trong
hnh nh. C 2 cch u i n cng mt kt qu l gim bt c mu xanh.

3/ Vng trn mu cn bn (the color wheel)
Vng trn mu cn bn c 12 cung chia u theo hnh nan qut trn din tch hnh trn, mi cung c 8
cp mu i dn vo tm vng trn t m n nht. 12 cung x 8 cp s to ra 106 mu cn bn
v c nh s t 1 n 106 cng l k hiu khi ta chn mu . V d: S 1 l mu sm nht (C:0
M:100 Y:100 K:45) s 36 l mu vng ti (C:0 M:0 Y:100 K:0) s 84 (C:80 M:100 Y:0
K:0) l mu tm ru np than (hc nghe mthm) s 68 (C:100 M:60 Y:0 K:0) l mu xanh nc
bin

Vng trn mu cn bn c to ra t 3 mu: - Vng - Lc lam. T ba mu ny, mu sc c pha
ln hai mu vi nhau ( v d: + Vng = Da cam) ri ba mu trn li vi nhau, c th ta s c hn
3.400 mu thng dng nht trong thit k ho v nu c pha , pha v pha trn mi bn s c hng ty
t sc mu choring bn.

4/ Cch dng mu:

Cp th nht (Primary)
Dng 3 mu: - Vng - Lc lam phi ra cc sc mu khc nhau.

Cp th hai (Secondary)
Nu ly mu chng ln mu vng s c mu da cam, ly mu chng ln lc lam s c mu tm,
ly mu vng chng ln mu lc lam s c mu xanh l cy
Cch ly 2 mu chng ln nhau to ra mu khc nh trn c gi l mu chng n.

Cp th ba (Tertiary)
T 3 mu cn bn: - Vng - Lc lam chng ta phi ra mu da cam xanh l tm. Nu chng cc
mu cp Primary v Secondary, ta s c cc mu cp Tertiary l: cam Vng cam Vng
xanh Xanh l Xanh tm v tm.

5/ Ci ny gi mi bit:

Khng c ci gi l mu en, mu xm hay mu trng v mu trng ch l sc gim ti a ca mt
trong 12 mu trn vng trn mu, mu xm v en chnh l sc tng ti a ca nhng mu trn (qu
x l ng)

6/ Trnh t phi mu:

Bc 1:
Xc nh r hiu ng mu sc bn mun t c.(Hiu ng mu s ni cc phn sau ca bi ny)
Bc 2:
Chn 1 mu chnh c trng cho ch mun th hin.
Bc 3:
Chn 1 mu h tr cho mu chnh. c th tm c mu h tr mt cch nhanh chng, bn dng 2
mu i din nhau trong vng trn mu cn bn.
V d:
Mu c chn l mu chnh th mu h tr cho n l mu xanh l cy. Tng t nh vy ta c cc
cp mu chnh v mu h tr nh sau:
Mu Gch cua Xanh ve chai.
Da cam Xanh dng.
Ngh - Chm.
Vng Tm.
Vng xanh - tm
Mu chnh v mu h tr c tnh nng lm tng nt rc r, linh ng v gip nhau ni bt ln.
V d:
Nu ta t cnh hoa vng trn phng nn tm, hoa vng s rc r hn nh mu tm lm nn m.
Nhng nu cng vi cch thc y, dng nn mu trng hay xanh l th cnh hoa vng khng ni bt
c.
Nu t mng mu ti cnh mu xanh l cy th cng c hiu ng tng t.

Bc 4:
T mu chnh v mu phi hp chn ra mu th ba hi ho vi 2 mu trc
Phn II: 07 SC CU VNG

Sc hay tnh cht ca mu sc gi ln t nhiu xc ng cho ngi xem. Ngi ta dng nhiu t
khc nhau m t c tnh ca mu sc n v so snh khi chng phi hp vi nhau.

Tuy nhin sng v ti li l iu c bn ca vic to ra sc . Nu khng c nh sng th s chng
c mu sc. Tt nhin, trong bng ti tt c ch l mu en. nh sng mt tri l chm tia sng c
bc sng khc nhau. Nu nh sng mt tri chiu qua lng knh th s to ra mt di mu. Trong thin
nhin iu ny c th hin qua cu vng 7 sc.

Khi nh sng chiu qua 1 vt, b mt ca n s nhn bc x ca bc sng nh sng ny v phn
chiu li bc x ca nh sng khc. Nu mc hp th bc x ca cc bc sng u nhau v mi th
mt cht th chng ta s thy vt y mu trng. Ngc li, nu n hp thu ton b bc x th chng ta s
thy vt y mu en.

Vy mu sc thy c trn mt s vt l s tng hp bc x nh sng m b mt ca n phn chiu.

Cng mt vt th, nu chp hnh di nh sng t nhin s c sc mu khc khi chp di nh sng
nhn to. Cng vy, khi soi mt t in mu di nh sng t nhin th mu sc ca hnh nh s khc khi
soi t in di nh sng nhn to.

Mu sc c phn thnh 8 loi:
- Mu nng (Hot)
- Mu lnh (Cold)
- Mu m (Warm)
- Mu mt (Cool)
- Mu sng (Light)
- Mu sm (dark)
- Mu nht (Pale)
- Mu ti (Bright)

Nh ni phn u do khng c hnh minh ho ging nh trong sch, nn cc hnh nh TNDH minh
ho di y c th s khng phn nh chnh xc ni dung ca tng mu. Mt s mu cha tm c
hnh, mong cc bn xem ni dung v tm kim gip.

MU NNG
Mu nng l mu bo ho trn vng trn mu, l mu c c pha bi mu magenta v
yellow.
Mu nng t n phn chiu v li cun s ch . V vy mu thng dng trong thit k khi mun
gy s ch .
Mu nng c nh hng mnh m, lm tc ng n khng gian chung quanh n.
Sc li cun ca mu nng nh hng nhiu n s ch ca con ngi, n lm tng huyt p (n
qu ! May m dn IT a s l tr nn cng hng s ci v ny)v kch ng h thng thn kinh (Ci ny
th gi tr g cng b)
MU LNH
Mu lnh l mu thun xanh bin. N to sng v ti sng hn ln.
Mu lnh lm chng ta thy mt nh ang gn mt tng hay trn tuyt.
Mu lnh lm ngi xem c cm gic mt m, nh nhng.
Mu lnh c tnh i lp vi mu nng.
Khi chuyn dn t mu nng sang mu lnh, chng ta c cm gic nh ang ng bn l la c
chuyn sang cnh mt tng bng, tht d chu (?!)
MU M
Trong mu m lun c s hin din ca mu .
Mu m c to ra do s phi hp gia mu v mu vng.
Ty theo mc pha gia mu v mu vng m chng ta c nhng dng mu m khc nhau.
V d: mu cam; mu cam; mu vng cam
Mu m nh thn thin, n cho ngi xem.
Nhn mu m ging nh chng ta ang ngm cnh p ca mt tri bnh minh hoc hong hn.
MU MT
Mu mt c to ra trn nn mu xanh.
N khng ging nh mu lnh bi v c phi vi mu vng.
Mt s dng mu mt nh : vng xanh; xanh l cy; lc lam
Dng mu xanh ngc v xanh l cy lun c trong t nhin.
Mu mt lm chng ta thy nh nhng nh ang trong ma m chi ny lc ca ma xun.
Mu mt lun nh nhng, ti mt v su lng.
Mu mt ging nh mt thc nc lm du mt ngi xem.

MU SNG
Mu sng l mu ca thy tinh, ca cy tng lam.
Mu sng c tnh nh nhng trong sng.
Mu sng c to ra t mu pha vi lc lam i km vi vng nht.
Tuy nhin sc thi mu phi trong. Khi trong ca mu tng th mc thay i sc mu gim.
Mu sng lm chng ta thy tm hn tr nn thoi mi, th thi v bung lng.
Mu sng ging nh mn ca s h ra nh nng ban mai la vo phng.
MU SM
Mu sm l mu cha mu en trong khi phi mu.
Mu sm lm khong khng gian nh thu nh li v lm vt th nh nh hn.
Mu sm lm tng tnh nghim trang, ng n.
Tht vy mu sm n khut nh khung cnh ca ma thu v ma ng m m.
Phi hp gia mu sng v mu sm s gy nn mt n tng su sc, mnh m. N tiu biu cho s
i lp ca t nhin, s tng phn nhng cn thit gia ngy v m.

MU NHT
Mu nht l mu tng lam tht nh.
Sc mu nht nht, n cha t nht 65% mu trng.
Mu nht to nn v mm mi, lng mn v l ng.
Mu nht thng dng nh mu ng, tng lam sng v hng ti nht.
Mu nht to cho ngi xem mt cm gic nh ngm m my nh tri hoc nh nng nh ban mai
hoc m m nh mt sng m sng.
V mu nht l mu trang nh nn thng c dng trong trang tr ni tht.
MU TI
Mu ti l tng hp tinh khit ca mu sc.
S ti thm ca mu sc c to ra bng cch b qua thang xm v en.
Trong mu ti cha cc sc mu xanh; ; vng v cam.
Mu ti chi li v sc s, n gy nn s ch .
Mt chic xe mu vng ti, mt chm bong bng rc r hoc ci mi ti thm ca ch h l nhng
sc mu khng bao gi b qun lng.
Mu sc ti to ra nt phn khi, vui ti lun c ngnh thi trang v qung co ch .

Phn III
A.NGUYN TC PHI MU

Mu sc khng ng ring l mt mnh. Tht vy, hiu ng ca mt mu ph thuc vo nhiu yu t:
- Mc phn chiu nh sng ca n.
- Mu sc mi trng chung quanh.

C 10 nguyn tc phi mu c bn nh sau:

1/ Phi mu khng sc (Achromatic)
Nguyn tc ny ch dng mu en, trng v xm.

2/ Phi mu tng t (Analogous)
Dng 3 mu lin nhau trn vng trn mu v phi hp thm sng ti.

3/ Phi mu chi (Clash)
Nguyn tc ny thng dng cc mu bn phi hoc bn tri mu b sung trn vng trn mu.
V d:
Mu b sung ca mu l xanh l. Nh vy mu chi l mu xanh dng nm bn tri mu b sung.

4/ Phi mu b sung (Complementary)
Dng cc mu i din nhau trn vng trn mu.
V d:
Vng Tm.
Xanh dng Cam.

5/ Phi mu n sc (Monochromatic)
Dng mt mu chnh kt hp vi nhng mu c sc thi tng t hoc c bng.

6/ Phi mu trung tnh (Neutral)
Dng mt mu chnh ri phi vi mu sng hn hoc sm hn.

7/ Phi mu b sung tng phn (Split Complementary)
Dng mt mu chnh v hai mu hai bn mu b sung.

8/ Phi mu cn bn (Primary)
Dng ba mu chnh cn bn - Vng Xanh.

9/ Phi mu b sung cp th hai (Secondary)
Dng mt mu chnh ri phi vi hai mu b sung cp th hai.
V d:
Xanh l cy nht Tm Cam.

10/ Phi mu b sung cp th ba (Tertiary)
Dng mt mu chnh ri phi vi hai mu b sung cp th ba.
V d:
cam Xanh tm v Vng xanh.
Lc lam Vng cam - tm.

B. MU SC TRONG PHONG THY

Phong thu l phng php, l ngh thut thit k v nh v theo t nhin ca v tr.
Mt i sng an lnh phi t c s cn bng v hi ho gia m v dng.
Mt mu thit k, mt bc tranh hon m phi p dng lut cn bng m dng.
V vy mu sc cng c phn loi thnh mu m v mu Dng v n cng c vn dng trong
thuyt ng hnh.
Cc mu nng nh - Cam Vng l mu Dng ( Trong vng trn mu c bn n l cc mu t 01
n 48)
Cc mu lnh nh Xanh dng Xanh l cy l mu m ( T cc mu 49 n 96)

Trong bi I cc bn bit v 12 mc tng phn ca mu sc th nhng bn s kh tr li v sao
chng li tng phn, i chi nhau mt cch gay gt ? Thuyt ng hnh c th gii thch c tt c:

Kim = tng trng cho mu trng.
Mc = Xanh lc.
Thu = en.
Ho = .
Th = Vng.

Bt c hnh no trong ng hnh cng u tng quan vi cc hnh khc theo quan h tng sinh hay
tng khc.

Cc hnh tng sinh v c th phi hp vi nhau l:
Thy v Mc = en v Xanh lc.
Mc v Ho = Xanh lc v .
Ho v Th = v Vng.
Th v Kim = Vng v Trng.
Kim v Thy = Trng v en.

Cc hnh tng khc v khng th phi hp l:
Th v Thu = Vng v en.
Thy v Ho = en v .
Ho v Kim = v Trng.
Kim v Mc = Trng v Xanh lc.
Mc v Th = Xanh lc v Vng.

Tng t nh vy khi phi mu t 02 mu tr ln ngi ta cng p dng cc nguyn tc tng sinh v
tng khc.
V d:
Phi hp ba hnh c s tng sinh l:
Kim - Thu - Mc = Trng en Xanh lc.
Mc - Ho - Th = Xanh lc - - Vng.
Th - Kim - Thy = Vng - Trng en

C.Bi c thm
MU SC N TNG
Tc gi: L Hi Ban Vit Ng BBC

Thi hi ha c in, ngi ta thng dng mu xanh hoc nu pha en tao bng ti v mu trng lm
nh sng, tao truc cho cc mu khc chuyn ti hnh khi c ti mi v tip ln b mt.

Gii ha s ca th k 19 c tha hng nhiu pht kin mi trong ngnh ha cht, trong c cc
loai bt mu cng dung mi mi, v c bit l cng trnh nghin cu nh sng ca Eugne Chevreaul -
nh ha hc ngi Php.

Khi chiu nh sng trng qua lng knh, cc sng nh sng khc nhau s bj chit xa theo nhiu gc khc
nhau, tao ra cu vng nhiu mu sc m ngi ta quen gi l 7 mu t nhin.

Thc s ra theo nghin cu ca gii vt l, ha hc, v hi ha, th c 3 mu c bn tao nn cc mu
sc khc, k c mu en, l: - vng - xanh dng.

Pha tng cp 2 mu trn vi nhau chng ta s c mu i trng, hay cn gi l complementary colour:
xanh l - tm - cam.

Theo nghin cu ca Lucy Wills th y chnh l h qu m cc ha s n Tng ng dung thnh
cng vo cc th nghim ca h, tao ra trong di sn vn ha ca loi ngi mt cch nhn mu sc
khc hn vi li n sc m h cho l nhm chn ca thi c in.

Theo phng php mi th bng ti chnh l ni m mu ca ch sng khng n c, tc l nu v
ch sng bng mu th bng ti s l vng quc ca hai mu cn lai: vng v xanh dng.

Nh vy ch ti chng ta c th trn hai mu vng - xanh dng lai vi nhau v, tc l mu xanh
l cy, nh khng t tranh ca Czanne m ng cho hi ha hin ai.

Chng ta cng c th khng trn hai mu vi nhau, m chi t chng bng nhng nt tache th s
canh nhau - xanh xen k vng - cng tao hiu qu tng t, nh Georges Seurat pht trin trong
phng php chm im: pointilism.

Chng ta cng c th p dung nhiu k thut v khc, c pht trin t thi n Tng tao hiu
ng ny, nh v mt lp mu mng l lp mu trc kh (wet-to-dry), hay trn thng mu th hai
vo mu th nht ngay trn mt tranh, khng dng n bng pha mu (wet-to-wet)

Khi , thay v phi nhn mt bng ti nhm chn, n sc nh trong chup nh, ngi ha s chi cn
chn mt mu trong 3 mu c bn lm nh sng tha h dng 2 mu cn lai pha ra v s mu v
nn bng ti, cng lp lnh v quyn r khng km g ni nh sng rc r kia.

l cha k chuyn c nhng vng ti c hp thu mt t nh sng t nhng vt khc phn chiu
lai, cho quyn ngi ha s pha thm cht mu sng vo, ha vi hai mu ti tao ra thm mu sc mi
cho tranh.

V n y chc cc ban s khng cn ngac nhin khi nghe thy mt ha s no ni rng chi cn cho
ng ta 3 tup mu c bn l tao nn c th gii.
PHI MU TO RA HIU NG

Mu sc qu l 01 th gii a dang, ban c th tao ra rt d dng hng t sc mu nhng tu trung s
phi hp tao ra hiu ng (c th) cng chi gi gn trong 24 khi nim phi mu c bn di y:

1/ Kho mnh POWERFUL
Mun phi mu to ra hiu ng kho mnh, si ng th phi kt hp vi mu .
Ch chnh ca mt bc tranh, mt tm hnh kt hp vi mu s lun gy s ch .
Mu c hiu ng kho mnh to ngay cho ngi xem tnh cm yu hoc ght r rt.
V vy hiu ng kho mnh s lm tng tnh cm ca chng ta vi ch chnh.
Trong lnh vc qung co, hiu ng kho mnh ca mu sc rt cn chuyn ti nhng ch chnh
n ngi xem.
2/ m m RICH
Mun phi mu to ra hiu ng m m, di do, trng l th phi lun kt hp vi mu ti.
Chng hn nt thm trm su lng th hin qua mu huyt d l s phi hp gia mu en v mu
.
Thm mu xanh l cy m v mu vng sm s to ra s di do, sung tc.
Nhng nt sm ny li to ra s xa hoa, lng ly
Nu dng hiu ng ny thit k vi si th s cho ra nhng xp t la c dng v qu phi v sang
trng.
3/ Lng mn ROMANTIC
Mu hng to ra nt lng mn.
Mu hng c to ra t vic kt hp mu trng vi mu .
Cng nh mu , mu hng gy s ch v to ra s si ni nhng nh nhng v m i hn.
Mun to hiu ng lng mn th kt hp mu hng vi nhng mu tng ng v dng thm sng
ti.
Dng mu hng to ra thip chc mng th tht tinh t v trang nh.
Cng vi hiu ng lng mn m hoa hng lun tng trng cho tnh yu nng thm
4/ Sinh ng VITAL
Hiu ng sinh ng v nhit thnh c lm r nt trong thit k v ho bng cch dng mu mt
cch bnh thng nhng phi bit to ra nt chm ph.
V d nh hnh di y: mu en dng lm nn cho bc nh, mu cam l trung tm gy ch .
Thm hiu ng nh sng s lm mu cam li cun hn.
5/ Bi t EARTHLY
Hiu ng bi t thng dng mu sm.
Mu cam m hay gi l mu t c mt nt bi
Khi dng vi mu trng n to ra s chi chang, rc r.
Hiu ng mu bi t to ra mt nt trm lng, v t lm ngi xem nh c th gin.
Mu t thng dng trang tr ni tht gi ln trong chng ta khung cnh ca nhng vng hoang mc
hay cao nguyn t no .
6/ Thn thin FRIENDLY
Mun phi mu to ra nt thn thin, nhit tnh chng ta nn dng mu cam.
Mu cam v nhng mu tng ng ca n u c to ra trn nn mu .
V th, sc cam thng dng t im cho nhng mn n nhanh trong nh hng.
N lm chng ta c cm gic mn n ngon.
Mu cam cn dng trong cc dng c cu h nh o phaov mu cam ca o s ni bt trn nn bin
xanh.
7/ n Ho SOFT
Mu sng vi tng phn cao thng ph hp vi vic phi ra mu sc vi hiu ng n ho.
Mu hng qu o trong bng mu to ra nt n ho, trang nh v ngt ngo.
Chnh v vy m trong nh hng v cc tim bn thi trang thng dng mu sc ny.
Khi phi hp vi mu tm nht v mu xanh n s lm sng du khung cnh.
Dng nhng mu sc ny trang tr nh cng rt ph hp.
Mu sc n ho s to ra cm gic ngt ngo, m i

8/ n cho WELCOMING
Mu vng cam hay mu h phch u c to ra trn nn mu .
Chnh v vy chng gy s ch nh mi gi v n cho ngi xem.
Tht vy, trong cuc sng, mu ca nhng vt bng vng ni ln s quyn r, mi gi ca n.
Nu kt hp vi mu sng ca pha l s to ra mt nt p tuyt vi.
Mu vng cam v mu tng ng rt ph hp vi khng kh l hi.
Trong cc m ci ng khng th thiu sc mu ny.
9/ Chuyn ng MOVING
Nhng mu sc sng phi hp vi nhau s to ra hiu ng chuyn ng.
Tuy nhin nn ly mu vng lm trung tm, v mu vng nh nh sng mt tri, to ra hiu ng chuyn
ng cho hnh nh.
Khi thm mu trng vo mu vng, mc to sng cng tng ln.
Nu phi mu tng phn cao, mu vng c th kt hp vi mu tm.
Ngoi ra mu vng v nhng mu tng ng s to ra hiu ng chuyn ng cho khong khng gian
chung quanh.

10/ Thanh lch ELEGANT
c hiu ng thanh lch ch nn phi nhng mu nh vi nhau.
Chng hn nh mu vng nht phi hp vi mu trng cho ra mu vng kem.
Trong thi trang, cc cht liu vi; t la; len; nhung dng mu kem s to c mt n tng thoi mi
v thanh lch.
11/ Theo mt TRENDY
Ci g l mt ca hm nay c th l bnh thng ngy mai.
Mun to ra hiu ng hp thi trang nn dng mu to n tng tr trung.
Mu lc nht l mt mu d gy n tng tr trung v ni bt.
Mu lc nht phi vi nhng mu sng tng ng c dng nhiu trong thi trang.
Ngoi ra t im c th dng km vi mu cam nht v mu tm.
12/ Ti mt FRESH
Hiu ng ti mt, trong lnh trong phi mu l s cn bng ca mu xanh, vng v xanh l.
Mu xanh l l mt mu yu nn c th phi hp vi mt phn ca mu to thm sinh kh cho
nh.
Tuy nhin vi nhng mu tng ng ca mu xanh lun to ra n tng ti mt, trong lnh.
13/ Truyn thng TRADITIONAL
Phi mu truyn thng mang mt ngha lch s.
Mu xanh, mu ta, mu nu vng, mu xanh l to ra n tng c xa.
Mu xanh l cy i km vi mu sm ti lun to cho ngi xem mt cm gic bn vng.
Tht vy, mu xanh l phi vi mu vng m hoc mu ta trong sc ti s to n tng m p v
bn vng.
Trong trang tr, cch phi mu ny thng dng lp khong trng cc vn phng v n to c cm
gic c nh, lu di.
14/ D chu REFRESHING
to ra cm gic d chu th lun phi dng mu lnh khi phi mu.
Thng thng l mu lc lam, i lc i km vi mu cam.
Mu lc lam lun to ra cm gic hng phn d chu.
N thng c dng trong qung co du lch, gi ln cho ngi xem mt cm gic th thi v ngh
ngi.
Mu lc lam s rng r hn nu c kt hp vi mu trng ca bt nc hoc sng bin.

15/ Nhit i TROPICAL
l mu ngc bch, lun to ra mt cm gic tr trung, nng nhit.
Dy mu t lc lam sng n ngc bch nu phi vi mu trng s cho ra mu hi mt.
Mu cam m p s ni bt gia nn mu ngc bch mt lnh hoc nu cho mu vng cam v mu
tm i chung vi mu ngc bch to s trang nh v sang trng.
16/ C in CLASSIC
Nt c in to ra cm gic mnh m v uy quyn.
Nt c in c to ra t mu vng v nhng mu tng ng ni ln quyn lc ca vua cha.
Mu xanh dng v mu xanh lam m nh tng thm sc mnh.
lm ni bt hn c th im thm nt chm ph mu .
Tht ra cng chng l g, nhng mu to ra s mnh m chnh l ba mu c bn Vng - - Xanh.
17/ Tin cy DEPENDABLE
Mt trong nhng mu c dng rng ri l mu xanh bin.
Mu xanh bin to ra mt cm gic tin cy, mnh m.
Nu nn xanh bin sm c t im bng mu vng th s c hiu ng mm mi hn.
Nu mun to ra mt cm gic mnh m v kin quyt th mu xanh thng c phi hp vi mu
v mu vng.

18/ m m CALM
ng trc mt mu xanh ca bin ngi ta thng thy mt cm gic m m v thanh thn.
Trong nhng mi trng lm vic cng thng nu mu lc lam c dng lm nn chnh th s lm cho
mi ngi thy cng vic nh nhng hn.
Mu xanh, , vng dng pht nht c th phi hp vi nhau trong cng mt mi trng to thm
nt sinh ng.

19/ Vng gi REGAL
S mnh m ca mu xanh pha trn vi s rc r ca mu to ra mu tm Hu.
lm gim bt s mnh m, ngi ta pha thm cht mu en to ra mu tm thm.
Mu tm Hu nu t trn nn en s to ra s su lng, trn nn vng s to ra s rc r.
Chng khc no qu mn chn tm trong nng vng ca ma h.
Nu t trn nn vng cam s to ra mt nt p vng gi.

20/ Li cun MAGICAL
Mu tm c sc mnh li cun ring ca n.
Khng bit ngi ta phi tn bao nhiu cng sc lm th ca ngi mu o tm.
Mu tm v mu vng lun quyn vi nhau, cng t im lm p hn.
Nu bt cht thy mt t o di tm bc i trn thm l vng th chc l mt th hu tnh.
Tuy nhin khi phi mu tm vi mu lc nht hoc mu vng cam s to ra hiu ng chi v kh chu.
21/ Nh nhung NOSTALGIC
Vn l tm nhng l mu tm nht.
Mt l th bng mu tm nht chc chn mun ni ln s nh nhung.
Mu tm lun l mu lng mn ca th ca.
V d:
Chiu tm, chiu nh thng ai ? Cn thng nh hoi(an Th - inh Hng)
Mu tm s rc r hn vi mu vng v say m; nng nhit hn vi mu hng.
C l vy m trong bi Chiu Tm, tc gi phi mu rt tuyt:
Nt hoa m vng v em vi chng k vai o phn hng
22/ Mnh m ENERGETIC
to ra s mnh m ngi ta thng dng mu tm hay mu cnh sen m.
tm hay cnh sen trong sc ti thm s to ra mt sc sng mnh lit.
C th dng s chi mu ca mu cnh sen, mu vng v mu xanh l cy to ra cm gic chuyn
ng nhng cng phi c gii hn trong cch phi mu ny.

23/ m du SUBDUED
Khng nh s mnh lit ca mu hoa c, mu cnh sen, khi phi mu to s m du cn mt cht tng
phn.
Mu tm hoa c chen ln trong mu cnh sen, mu xm v mu trng s to ra mt khung cnh m du.
Ngoi ra c th t im thm mu xanh l m hoc tng s tng phn bng cch thm mu en lm
nn.
Nhng sc mu trn u c t nhin phi mu sn qua nhng cnh hong hn, gi ni

24/ Ngh nghip PROFESSIONAL
Mu sc trong cng s c ch c bit.
Thi trang cng s thng mu xm, thin v sm en.
Bi v nhng mu ny l mu trung tnh, khng lm mt i nt ring ca mi ngi.
Nu phi mu, ly mu xm lm nn v mu , cam hay nu lm mu t im th tht p.
Mu sc trung tnh to nn s t tin trong cng vic, mt iu rt cn thit cho nhng nh doanh nghip
v nhng ngi thng xuyn c nhu cu giao tip.

Phn 1: H thng mu Grayscale v RGB

Phi mu cho cc thit k lun ng vai tr quyt nh. N c th to ra nhng hiu ng c bit hn c
s mong i nhng cng c th bin thit k ca bn tr thnh qu mt cc.

Nhng vic c c nhng mu sc tht cn i v hin i cho sn phm l rt kh v vic ny i
hi ngi s dng phi c nhng kin thc cn bn nht nh. Tm hiu mt cch khi qut v H thng
x l mu trong cc trnh ho s gip bn c ci nhn su hn v mu k thut s t nng cao
hiu qu cng vic ca bn. Bi vit dnh cho nhng tay m ang my m Photoshop, Illustrator hay
Corel DRAW...

H thng mu Grayscale

Grayscale l m hnh mu n gin nht vi 256 cp xm bin thin t mu en n mu trng. Sn
phm c xut ra s c mu trng en. Li im ca loi m hnh ny l c th s dng c trong cng
nghip in ln dng trong vic th hin nh ln cc thit b xut s. Grayscale cn l ch trung gian
chuyn qua ch bitmap (trng en) hay duo-tone(ch Grayscale c thm t 1 n 4 mu).

H thng mu cng RGB

RGB l m hnh mu da trn 3 thnh t mu chnh Red (), Green (xanh lc) v Blue (xanh lam). Mi
thnh t mu u c gi tr bin thin t 0 n 255. Mt mu mi c to ra da trn s kt hp ca 3
thnh t chnh vi nhng gi tr khc nhau. Nu c 3 thnh t mu chnh u t gi tr cao nht l 255,
mu kt qu s l mu trng. Ngc li, nu c ba u t gi tr 0, kt qu s cho ta mu en.

Sau y l m hnh RGB hai chiu vi R: 255, G: 255, B: 255 tc l u t gi tr cc i.

minh ha mt cch r rng nht, ngi ta a ra m hnh RGB c t ln khng gian ba chiu
vi Green nm trn trc x, Red trn trc z v Blue trn trc y. C ba u c gi tr cc i l 255. Chng
ta c th nhn c trn m hnh mt s mu ti nhng im c bit.

RGB thng c gi l m hnh mu cng bi v khi ba thnh t chnh t gi tr max (255) kt hp li
vi nhau s to ra mu trng (mu trng c coi l mu tng hp ca tt c cc mu), ni cch khc,
bt k mu mi no c to ra u do s kt hp cc gi tr ca ba thnh t chnh.

Vy lm sao to ra ba thnh t chnh? Mt quy trnh n gin c a ra: nh sng trng c
chiu qua cc knh lc c bit c kh nng gi li mt s bc sng to ra ba mu s cp (ba thnh t
chnh) Red, Green v Blue (gi tr ca n ty thuc vo knh lc), ri tip tc c a i kt hp to
thnh cc mu th cp khc (mu kt qu).

Cc gi tr 0 - 255 c ngha g? Cc gi tr ny th hin t l % ca mi thnh t chnh trong mt mu,
(v d: mt mu c Red=100 ngha l t l % ca Red trong mu l 100/255=39 %).

Mt khc, mt bc nh k thut s thng c cu to bi nhiu im nh (pixels hay dots). Khi ta lm
vic trong mi trng RGB, mi im nh s c RGB nh ngha bng 3 thng s Red, Green, Blue;
mi thng s ny li c 256 gi tr bin thin (0-255) v c lu tr trong 1 byte. Nh vy, mt im
nh s c lu li vi 3 bytes to ra nh 24 bit (1byte=8bit). Ngoi ra, bng mt php tnh t hp n
gin, ngi ta c th bit uc lng mu m RGB c th din t c l: 256x256x256=16.7 triu
mu.

ng dng ca m hnh RGB: RGB l mt m hnh n gin v c s dng rng ri trong hu ht cc
thit b xut k thut s nh: monitor, tivi, my chiu, my scan, my nh s, giao din WEB, Nguyn
tc hat ng ca n trn cc monitor cng tng t nh trn nh s: mi im trn mn hnh c ba
ngun sng , Lc, Lam chiu vo vi cng khc nhau t to nn nhiu mu khc nhau. Hai
nh dng JPG v GIF l hai nh dng da trn m hnh RGB.

Phn 2: M hnh CMYK v HSB

RGB c xem nh h mu kh hon chnh vi lng mu t c c th ln n 16.7 triu mu. Tuy
nhin, vic p dng RGB cho cng ngh in l mt vic tht s kh khn khi m cc thit b xut v giy
in c tnh cht hon ton khc nhau

i vi cc thit b xut s, xut pht im lun l mt nn mu en, khc hn nn giy trng giy in.
Mt khc, khi in vi s lng ln, ngi ta khng th dng mt lng mc a dng v sc nh vy.
Gii php in chng mu ra i vi m hnh mu tr CMYK.

H thng mu tr CMYK:

CMYK l h thng x l mu xut pht t m hnh mu CMY, da trn 3 mu c bn Cyan (xanh ngc),
Magenta (tm sen), Yellow (vng). CMY c gi l h thng mu tr do mi mu mi c to ra trong
m hnh ny l kt qu ca qu trnh hp th nh sng ca mc in khi c mt ngun sng chiu vo.

V d: to mt thnh phn mu xanh ngc (Cyan), ngi ta in loi mc A ln trn giy, khi c mt
ngun sng chiu vo, phn mc in A ny s hp th bc sng ca phn nh sng mu (Red), hai
phn nh sng cn li l mu xanh lam (Blue) v xanh lc (Green) s kt hp vi nhau ty cng m
to ra mu xanh ngc. Cui cng, nh sng mu xanh ngc thot ra s phn x ln mt chng ta. Nh
vy, vi tng loi mc in khc nhau s cho ta cng mu thot ra khc nhau. Ngi ta cng thc
hin quy trnh ny vi mu tm sen (magenta) v mu vng (yellow). ng thi, khi ta in 3 mu Cyan,
Magenta, Yellow chng ln nhau, s phi trn gia cc mu c bn s to ra cc mu mi.

Mt mu hnh minh ha 2D CMY c gi tr max

Khi 3 mu c bn gi tr cc i kt hp vi nhau s to thnh mu en. Trong cng ngh in mu
process, do mc in dn mu khng n nh v u n nn s kt hp ny thng c kt qu l mt
mu nu bn ch khng phi en. tht hn, ngi ta chng ln thm mt lp mu en v hnh
thnh nn cng ngh in offset 4 mu. iu ny gip sn phm c tng phn cao, mt khc, mc
mu en c chi ph thp hn bt k loi mc mu no. M hnh mu ny gi l m hnh CMYK.

Trn thc t, mt sn phm thit k s c mu phc tp no c to ra u c tch thnh 4 bn
km ring c gi l 4 bn phim Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black. Mi bn phim ny c cu to gm
nhiu ht tng trng cho cc ht mu s c in ln sn phm.

Trong m hnh ny, mi mu c bn c gi tr bin thin t 0-100, cc gi tr ny l cc t l %, chng
c coi l t l % mc nhiu t (t l cc ht trn c in ln b mt sn phm) ca mi mu s c in
ra mu.

V l thuyt, m hnh CMYK khng din t c lng mu sc ln nh RGB, v th vic xc nh lm
vic trn mi trng no l ht sc quan trng. Khi bn ang lm vic trn m hnh RGB li chuyn i
sang CMYK ( in chng hn), th mt s mu m CMYK khng nhn ra c s c chng trnh gi
lp bng cc mu trung gian nhn c quanh n, t y cng vic ca bn s din ra ht sc b ng.
V vy, vic n nh mc ch s dng bn thit k ca mnh phi c u tin ngay khi bt tay vo
cng vic. in n ngi ta dng mode CMYK, dng RGB truyn ln cc thit b xut nh mn hnh,
tivi hay l giao din WEB...

H thng x l mu HSB:

HSB l m hnh mu da trn ba yu t m t mt mu l Hue (mu sc), Saturation ( bo ha mu)
v Brightness (cng sng ti). S dng h thng ny, bn khng cn phi quan tm t l % ca mu
no trong mu no to thnh mt mu mi. iu cn lm l chn cho mnh mt mu ng khi
iu chnh Hue, chuyn t mu nht sang m: iu chnh Saturation, v cui cng l n nh
sng ti cho n bng iu chnh thanh Brightness.

HSB c ng dng nhiu trong vic nhn dng mu, x l cc mu c phc tp cao, hoc dng
iu chnh sng ti cho mt hoc nhiu mu.
Nh cc bn bit tt c nhng vt tn ti trong th gii ny u dng ba chiu trn cc trc x,y,z.
Nhng mt phng tranh ch hn ch l c 2 chiu x,y thi. ch chiu z trn tranh, ngi ha s dng "
Phi cnh c l" tng tng ra mt su ca vt th, v d nh mt bn th chuyn thnh hnh khi
ch nht. Cc chn bn pha sau v ngn li ( s uc l), nhng cm gic nh cc chn bn vn bng
nhau.

- Cc mem c thy trong my tm hnh manga mu khng, hay c mt lp mu m m y, hnh nh cc
ha s manga hay dng cch ny lm. V cc ha s phng ng hay dng lp sng m y gia cc
layer. Ngi ta gi l " Phi cnh tu m " ( nghe kh hiu qu ). My bc tranh phong cnh ca tu
cng hay dng ci ny, xen gia mi lp l mt mn sng mng.

Thm vi ci nh cn thiu n, b xung cho
mod g ( tn di kh nh ).
Ci ny l nh Vng trn mu sc RBG.
Sao h c m c bao nhiu mu trn ci
vng khng. P tay ch g. l vng trn
sc thit k. c nhng mu m mt khng th
thy c.
V vy c thm ci vng trn sc mt thng
phn bit c, tui cha scan n.



Sau y chng ta s xem xt mt vi phng php chuyn nh mu thnh mt nh en trng :

1. Lnh Grayscale - Menu Image > Mode > Grayscale:

Cch n gin v thng c s dng nht chuyn mt bc nh mu sang nh trng en l lnh
Grayscale. Khi bn thc hin lnh ny PS s phi trn cc knh Red, Green, Blue li vi nhau. N s
t cn,ong, o, m cc knh mt cch khc nhau (theo cch thc cm nhn nhng mu sc khc
nhau ca mt ngi.). Phng php ny lm vic tt vi mt s nh, nhng phn ln chng mang li
nhng kt qu khng nh mong mun. V d, c rt nhiu hnh nh khi s dng phng php ny s b
mt thng tin.

Nh rng, chi tit l s khc nhau gia cc pixel. V nu cc pixel xm qu ging nhau th c th bn
mt i nhng thng tin quan trng ca tm nh.

2. Truy Tm Trn Knh Mu, Bt K L Knh No :

Hy xem xt tng knh mu ring bit ca mt file nh. i khi bn s thy c mt phin bn trng en
hon ho ang nm y i bn . Khi bn c th sao chp, ct dn hoc dng lnh Duplicate
Channel lu n li thnh mt file mi. Hay bn cng c th xa hai knh kia bng cch cho hin th
knh bn cn gi, sau chn menu Image > Mode > Grayscale.

3. Desaturate

Bn c th chn lnh Desaturate t Menu Image > Adjustments > Desaturate (Ctrl Shift U). Lnh ny
ging vic bn ko thanh trt Saturation ca hp thoi Hue/Saturation v zero. n gin n ly mu
sc ra khi cc pixel ca file nh. Tm nh vn l nh mu RGB, nhng nu bn chuyn n sang
Grayscale kt qu s rt khc so vi li vic bn chuyn nh mu sang Grayscale nhng khng thc
hin lnh Desaturate trc.

4. Chuyn Sang H Mu Lab :

Mt phng php na l bn c th chuyn file nh ca bn sang h mu Lab. Tip theo bn xa hai
knh mu a v b i. V d nhin lnh ny s cho mt kt qa khc na .

5. Nhng Phng Php Khc :

i khi khng c phng php no trn mang li cho bn nhng kt qu mong mun. PS cung cp
cho bn mt vi phng php khc na y !

a. Channel Mixer:

Hp thoi Channel Mixer c th khng mang li nhiu iu nh bn mong mun t mt chng trnh
nh PS. Tuy nhin n lm mt vic rt tt : trn cc knh mu t mt file nh ca bn. Bn trn cc
knh theo t l % v kt qa l 1 knh n (bn c th chn knh kt qu t menu Output Channel). Khi
chuyn 1 tm nh mu sang en trng bng lnh ny cn lu hai vn sau :

* T l % trong hp thoi nn lun lun cng li l 100% duy tr tng mu tng th ca hnh nh (d
nhin, i khi bn mun ph cch. Ty bn, l vn khu v thi.). Rt tic l hp thoi ny khng
c chc nng gi t l gip bn. Vy bn phi t cng, tr.

Lu : bn nn dng lp hiu chnh khi s dng lnh Channel Mixer. Bn s tha h th nghim m
khng phi u lo!

* Chn kim hp Monochrome. iu ny m bo kt qu s l mu xm trung tnh . Channel Mixer
cng lm vic tt vi nh bn mu (CMYK), nhng rt kh dy tr tng nh.

6. Caculations :

Ging nh Channel Mixer, Caculations s to ra mt file nh Grayscale t cc knh mu ang c.
Nhng lnh ny mnh v uyn chuyn hn. Cc ty chn menu Blending cng tng t nh bng
Layer, v m c cng vy. Ging nh thnh trt Opacity trong bng Layer.

Hp thoi Caculations cho php bn kt hp cc knh mu theo nhng cch thc phc tp hn l
phng php cng, tr n gin ca lnh Channel Mixer.

Lu : bn nn bt hp kim preview xem trc kt qu.

Trn y l mt s phng php chuyn nh mu sang trng en m ti lc dch xin chia s cng
cc bn yu nh ngh thut en trng. Chc chn s cn na nhng phng php khc tuyt vi hn
ang ch bn hon thin. Ti c nh vit v ti ny lu nhng do bn rn li thi. Sn hm nay
vo din dn thy bn nguyencuongquyet thc mc cho nn ti quyt tm lm i Nu c sai st mong
cc bn ch gio. Xin cm n trc!!
MU SC TRONG TRANH NG H !

Thn gi Trinh Xuan Nghi
Ngay sau khi c xong bi vit ca bn Ti cht bunci, v sao nh ? V di con mt lo mu
ca ti th d () thi thng c hay thi vn minh, d thi i hay thi i Anh t nt, d
rng rm chu phi hay bc cc bng gi, d (nn) vn minh phng ng hay vn minh phng
ty, d trng phi siu thc hay trng phi lp th, d vn vn v vn vn, (th) mi ging ng
vt bit i bng hai chn, bit t duy bit ni, bit vit v bit v u dng 7 mu c bn t sc cu
vng. V vy c th ni khng c s khc bit gia mu sc trong tranh hin i phng ty hay mu
sc trong tranh dn gian ng H !
Hay ti hiu sai bn ? Thui th vi mt t ti liu thu thp c, TNDH ch xin lm ci vic Ctr + C v Ctr
+ V , mi bnh lng xin nhng cho cc bn

I. LC THUT T TI V LC S TRANH NG H.

Theo s sch, ngi Vit bit lm mt th giy gi l mt hng ch vo th k th III. Ngh khc
vn y cng c t th k XI, XII. Sch Thin uyn tp anh ni l t tin nh s Tn Hc, cui th k
XII lm ngh khc vn. Nm 1299 nh Trn cho in hai b kinh khc vn ban b.

Tuy nhin, tranh khc g dn gian nh ta hiu ngy nay l mt khi nim n sau. Bia k v chnh s
cha gip g cho chng ta v nin i.

Trong cc dng tranh khc g dn gian Vit Nam th tranh ng H ( xut sinh t lng ng H Bc
Ninh) l c nhc n nhiu hn c. l mt vng qu tr mt ca vn ha truyn thng. Thi thnh
vng nht ca tranh ng H l vo th k XVII, XVIII.

Ngi ta cn gi n bng ci tn nm na, thn mt hn, l tranh Tt, bi n c sn xut v bn
vo dp Tt m lch cho khp ni ch qu. Vo nhng ngy , trn tng vch na nh tranh n bc,
mu sc ca tranh tng bng nh ting pho, nim vui v m c u nm.

V ti v, tranh ng H c loi chc tng nh n g, c cho ai ny u xum xu con chu. a
b m con g Vinh hoa, m con vt Ph qu. Bn cnh l tranh sinh hot: nh vt, nh u, tin s
vinh quy... Ri tranh lch s nh B Trng, Ph ng thin vng, Ng Quyn... Tranh truyn nh Kiu,
Thch Sanh. Li cn c loi tranh th.

Tranh ng H l ti nghin cu hng th ca nhiu nh ngh thut hc Vit Nam v th gii. N c
mt nhiu nh bo tng Vit Nam v th gii n hng my mi nm.

Thm m ca tranh ng H - trong thm m ca ngh thut dn gian ni chung, l n gin d, chn
tht, c lc ngy ng n vng v. Nhng n bao hm mt v p khng th cng li ca mt tm hn
xa, nh tht cn phng pht u y ca dn tc, nh s ni tip m thm ca mt nn vn ha lu i.

ng trc mt t tranh ng H, chnh l ci l do tn ti , ci v hn nhin m n cha ng
trong mnh, hoc ci tng trong lnh m n mun biu t, l ta xc ng.

II. K THUT LM TRANH.

Tranh ng H c khc trn vn g, trc ht l mt bn nt, ri tranh c bao nhiu sc th thm by
nhiu bn mu. Nn tranh l giy gi (lm bng v cy gi) pht ln mt lp ip mt mu ng bc (bt
tn mt loi v s).
Loi giy ny c sn xut theo li th cng a t lng ng Co - Bc Ninh hay lng Bi - H Ni
v, ct thnh nhiu c, nh nht l 11cm x 12cm, ln nht l 22cm x 31cm.

Trn th ip, khi hn h, khi thanh thn, nhng mu nguyn rung ln theo nh sng. Mu vng he
tng trng cho s no , mu vng rm ln nh cnh ng la chn, mu xanh nh lu tre, mu
gc nh ym thm, mu nhiu tm nh tht lng, mu en nh vy lnh gia ma quan h. Tt c u l
vt liu c sn trong thin nhin thc vt m cuc i chng n su vo tm thc ngi Vit t th xa
no. Ting ni su kn ca bn nng v tim thc khng bit bao ln lm ta git mnh, bi hi trong k
nim. Nt tranh khc rt su, mu in phng p.

hon thin mt bc tranh ng H cn rt nhiu thi gian. Phi c mt s th th cng chuyn
nghip lm mc v v giy t nguyn liu thin nhin quanh vng cng nh vic lm khun v in tranh.
Cc mu thng ly t cht liu thin nhin : mu en ngi ta phi t l tre ri ly than ca n ; mu
xanh ly t v v l trm , mu vng ly t hoa he , mu thm ly t thn, r cy vang, mu sn ly
t si ni, mu trng l ip...Nhng cht mu th ny c trn vi nhau v ho vi mt lng bt np
trc khi in to mt lp h, lm cho giy tranh cng hn sau khi phi kh.

Giy c l mt cch th cng t v cy d v c pht mt lp ip lm t v s bin. Thm ch
nhng chic chi lng dng pht giy v khun in cng c lm bng l cy vn sam dt phng.
Tranh c v bng cch bi mu vo bn khc g, mi mu mt bn sau n khun ln giy. Tranh
c phi kh sau mi ln in ba hay nm mu.

Sau khi in thnh tranh, k c c lc tranh kh, ngi xem vn cm nhn c mu sc ca tranh tht
ti tn nh lc tranh t. Cc hnh khi, mng n t cnh mng kia c s n hi ho mt cch t
nhin. Nhng nm gn y c mt s ngi khi in tranh tng dng mt s mu v ho cht hin i,
nh th sn phm c tng nhng cht liu mu ca tranh khng ti mu sc nt nh tranh lm truyn
thng. th, ch trong mt thi gian ngn mu sc b phai nht.

III. NGH THUT TRONG TRANH

Sng to ngh thut trong tranh ng H khng phi l cm hng trong sng tc. Mi bn in th hin
mt truyn thuyt hoc mt cu chuyn ng ngn mang tnh trit l, mt bc thong ip y mu sc v
o c, lun l v tn ngng su sc. Tranh in cng th hin tnh d dm, khung cnh m cng ca
Tt Nguyn n l: hnh phc, may mn v thnh vng. Cc con vt gn gi vi lng qu nh g
trng, tru, rng v c l biu trng cho hnh phc, thnh vng, s chm ch cn c, thng minh.
Chng ta c th thy nhng bnh lun v x hi phong kin qua cc hnh tng tranh ng H. Bc
tranh ni ting m ci chut l s th hin ti tnh cc thi h tt xu ca x hi phong kin thng
qua hnh tng cc con vt mt cch d dm v su sc.

Tranh lng ng H khng phi v theo cm hng ngh thut m ngi dng ta dng vn in. c
nhng bn khc t n trnh tinh xo phi c ngi v mu. Nhng ngi v mu v bn khc vn
i hi h phi c lng yu ngh thut v tm hn ngh s, c bit phi c trnh k thut cao. Cng
on in tranh c l khng kh lm bi l ai cng c th pht mu ln vn ri in.

Tranh dn gian ng H khng p dng cht ch v c th hc, cc nguyn tc v nh sng hay lut xa
gn ca tranh hin i. Nhng ngh s sng tc tranh dn gian mang nhiu tnh c l trong b cc,
trong cch miu t v mu sc. Tt c u s dng li v n tuyn bnh th hin, do xem
tranh dn gian ta thng bt gp ci th v nhng nt ngy ng n gin nhng hp l hp tnh.

IV. VI LM LT KHC

1/ PICASSO RT M TRANH NG H.
Nm 1963 Ha s Nguyn Sin mt trong nhng cy i th ca M thut Vit Nam c dp c tip
kin Picasso, on trch di y ghi li cm ngh ca ng:
Khi tip ng (Nguyn Sin) Picasso a ngay mt xp tranh lp lnh di phn ip hay ang rc
ln v cng nng m ca nhng tranh g, tranh ln, thy cc, miu nhi th lhi kin ng v
nhng tm tranh y vi mt nim vui v nhiu cm gic ho hng t l trn khun mt ca thin ti th
k
2/ TRANH NG H GI BAO NHIU:
c trn Vietnam Finearts.com thy gi 1,5 USD cho 1 bc tranh kh 24 x 35.
3/ BC TRANH NG H NI TING NHT:
l bc m ci chut .Bn khng tin ? Vy bn hy chu kh tm c cc ti liu ni v tranh
ng H, trong 10 bi th ht 9 bi nhc n bc tranh ny. V y cng l bc tranh c nhiu d bn,
nhiu bi vn; th phn tch nht trong s tranh ng H.