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Trang
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V C IN T...........................................................4
1.1. Cc khi nim c bn.........................................................................................4
1.2. Lch s v xu th pht trin................................................................................4
1.2.1. Lch s pht trin........................................................................................4
1.2.2. Xu th pht trin..........................................................................................8
CHNG 2: CC THNH PHN C BN CA H THNG C IN T.....10
2.1. Mun mi trng...........................................................................................10
2.2. Mun tp hp.................................................................................................10
2.3. Mun o lng...............................................................................................10
2.4. H thng kch truyn ng...............................................................................11
2.5. Mun truyn thng.........................................................................................11
2.6. Mun x l.....................................................................................................11
2.6.1. ng truyn bus......................................................................................12
2.6.2. B x l trung tm CPU............................................................................13
2.6.3. B nh.......................................................................................................13
2.7. Mun phn mm............................................................................................13
2.7.1. Ngn ng lp trnh....................................................................................13
2.7.2. Cc tp lnh...............................................................................................14
2.7.3. Lp trnh....................................................................................................14
2.8. Mun giao din...............................................................................................14
CHNG 3. CM BIN V C CU CHP HNH............................................15
3.1. Gii thiu v cm bin v c cu chp hnh....................................................15
3.1.1. Cm bin...................................................................................................15
3.1.2. C cu chp hnh......................................................................................16
3.2. c tnh ca cm bin v c cu chp hnh....................................................17
3.2.1. Di o........................................................................................................17
3.2.2. phn gii..............................................................................................17
3.2.3. nhy.....................................................................................................17
3.2.4. Sai s.........................................................................................................18
3.2.5. Kh nng lp li........................................................................................18
3.2.6. Vng cht..................................................................................................18
3.2.7. Tnh n nh..............................................................................................20
3.2.8. Thi gian p ng.....................................................................................20
3.2.9. Nhit h thng......................................................................................20
Trang 1
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
3.3. Mt s loi cm bin thng gp.....................................................................21
3.3.1. Cm bin dch chuyn thng v quay.......................................................21
3.3.1.1. Cng tc hnh trnh............................................................................21
3.3.1.2. Tia hng ngoi...................................................................................21
3.3.1.3. Cc b m ha quang hc..................................................................22
3.3.2. o lc........................................................................................................23
3.3.3. Cm bin o khong cch.........................................................................24
3.4. C cu chp hnh.............................................................................................26
3.4.1. Cc ng c in.......................................................................................26
3.4.1.1. ng c DC.......................................................................................26
3.4.1.2. ng c AC.......................................................................................28
3.4.1.3. ng c bc.....................................................................................29
3.4.2. H thng iu khin kh nn.....................................................................31
3.4.2.1. Phn t x l v iu khin................................................................32
3.4.2.1.1. Van o chiu..............................................................................32
3.4.2.1.2. Van chn......................................................................................36
3.4.2.1.3. Van tit lu:.................................................................................36
3.4.2.1.4. Van p sut..................................................................................37
3.4.2.2. C cu chp hnh:..............................................................................38
3.4.2.2.1. Xi lanh.........................................................................................38
3.4.2.2.2. ng c kh nn:.........................................................................39
CHNG 4: IU KHIN LOGIC KH LP TRNH PLC..................................40
4.1. Gii thiu PLC.................................................................................................40
4.1.1. Gii thiu chung........................................................................................40
4.1.2. Hnh dng bn ngoi.................................................................................40
4.1.3. Cc thnh vin h S7-200.........................................................................43
4.1.4. Modul m rng.........................................................................................47
4.2. u ni PLC v modul m rng......................................................................50
4.2.1. PLC s dng ngun nui mt chiu..........................................................50
4.2.2. PLC s dng ngun nui xoay chiu........................................................52
4.2.3. u ni modul m rng............................................................................54
4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh...........................................................................................58
4.3.1. Cch thc hin chng trnh.....................................................................58
4.3.2. Cu trc chng trnh...............................................................................59
4.3.3. Phng php lp trnh...............................................................................60
Trang 2
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.4. Mt s lnh c bn...........................................................................................61
4.4.1. Lnh vo ra................................................................................................61
4.4.2. Cc lnh ghi/xa gi tr cho tip im......................................................62
4.4.3. Cc lnh logic i s Boolean...................................................................62
4.4.4. Cc lnh tip im c bit.......................................................................66
4.4.5. Cc lnh so snh........................................................................................67
4.4.6. Lnh nhy v lnh gi chng trnh con...................................................69
4.4.7. Cc lnh can thip vo thi gian vng qut..............................................71
4.4.8. Cc lnh iu khin Timer........................................................................71
4.4.9. Cc lnh iu khin Counter.....................................................................75
4.4.10. Cc lnh s hc.......................................................................................78
4.4.11. Lnh tng, gim mt n v v lnh o gi tr thanh ghi......................82
4.4.12. Cc lnh dch chuyn ni dung nh.....................................................86
4.5. Son tho chng trnh v chng trnh m phng.........................................87
4.5.1. Son tho chng trnh.............................................................................87
4.5.2. Chng trnh m phng............................................................................87
Trang 3
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 4
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
to v C in t pht trin mnh tt c cc nc cng nghip pht trin v ang
pht trin.
Nhng nm u thp k 90 ca th k XX, 4 trng i hc Bch khoa ca
Singapore c chng trnh o to 3 nm chnh quy k s c in t.
c cng c cc kha o to v cp bng k s theo chuyn ngnh C
in t t nhng nm u 90. Tip theo khng lu l cc trng i hc Curtin v
New South Weles.
chu u, t nm 1980 c cc hot ng c lin quan n o to C in
t, nhng kha hc chnh thc v c in t trong trng i hc th ch bt u t
chng trnh mt nm Cao hc ti trng i hc Katholieke (B) trong nm 1986.
n nm 1989 trng ny m ngnh o to C in t.
Trong nm 1990 mt lot cc trng i hc CHLB c, an Mch, H
Lan,(Chu u) a C in t vo ging dy. T nm 1992 n 1996 Lin minh
chu u ti tr thc hin d n TEMOUS a kha hc C in t vo ging dy
ti cc khoa C kh ca cc trng i hc: TU Brno, CTU, TU Plzeo, University
College Dublin, Loughborough University of Technology,..
Cc trng i hc Anh ging dy C in t bt u t trng Lancaster,
tip theo l trng i hc London, Survey, Dundee, Hull, Brunel, Loughborough,
Manchester v Leeds.
Bc M mc d c rt nhiu trng hot ng trong lnh vc C in t,
nhng cho n nm 1995 vn cha xut hin nhng kha ging dy mang tn C
in t. n nay hu nh cc trng i hc k thut ca M u c khoa ny.
Tnh n nm 1999 trn th gii c khong 90 trng i hc v vin nghin cu
c o to ging dy v nghin cu v c in t
V o to c in t Vit Nam:
Hin nay mt s Trng H tai Vit Nam ao tao chuyn nganh C in
t h ai hoc:
- T nm 1997 HBK TP H Chi Minh m Chuyn nganh C in t tai
khoa C khi.
- T nm 2001 HBK a nng m chuyn nganh C in t tai khoa C khi
vi s lng 58 sinh vin. B mn C in t cng c thnh lp vo nm 2003.
- Nm 2001 H SPKT TP HCM cng m ngnh C in t kha u tin.
- Bt u t nm 2004, H Cng ngh thuc H Quc gia H ni m Chuyn
ngnh C in t ti Khoa C k thut vi s lng ban u khong 20 SV/nm.
Ngoai ra cac trng sau cung a m chuyn nganh C in t ao tao H
- Vin Cng ngh Chu (AIT) tai Ha ni
Trang 5
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
-
H Cn th
Mt s trng H Dn lp Phng ng, DL Thng Long vv...
o to Cao hc: o to Cao hc trong nc ti trng H Bch khoa
H Ni. H BK Ha Ni hp tac vi H Tng hp ky thut Hannover
(CHLB c) va H Tng hp ky thut Dresden (CHLB c) m lp Cao
hoc quc t.
Vi in t
in t cng sut
Cm bin
C cu chp hnh
Cng
ngh
thng tin
in t
C IN T
M hnh ha
L thuyt h thng
Cng ngh t ng ha
Phn mm
Tr tu nhn to
Cc thnh phn c kh
My
C kh chnh xc
Trang 6
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
H c kh thun ty
<1920
ng c mt chiu 1870
ng c xoay chiu 1889
H c kh vi truyn ng in
1920
ng c hi nc 1860
My pht in 1870
Bm tun hon 1880
ng c t chy 1880
My nh ch
My cng c
Rle
Thy lc, kh nn, my
khuych i in
B iu khin PI 1930
1935
H c kh vi khin t ng
Gia tng cc
thnh phn in
My nh ch
bng in
Tuabin hi nc
My bay
Gia tng iu
khin t ng
Tranziton 1948
Thyristor 1955
H c kh vi:
+ iu khin in t tng t
+ iu khin tun t
Thang my iu
khin bng in
1955
My tnh s 1955
My tnh x l 1959
Phn mm thi gian thc 1966
My tnh 1971
T ng ha da trn s ha 1975
H c kh vi:
+ iu khin lin tc s
+ iu khin tun t s
1975
Dng c ct
Robot cng nghip
Nh my cng nghip
Cc a
Vi iu khin 1978
My tnh c nhn 1980
H thng x l bus
C cu truyn ng mi, cm bin
H c kh vi: S tch hp cc thnh phn
+ Tch hp: c kh v phn cng
Robot di ng
in t.
CIM
1985
+ Cc chc nng xc nh bng
m t trng
phn mm
iu khin my t ng
+ Cc hiu qu tng hp
Tng dn iu
khin t ng
dng my tnh x
l v qu trnh thu
nh cu trc.
Tng dn s tch
hp gia cc quy
trnh vi my
tnh.
Trang 7
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
1.2.2. Xu th pht trin.
Nm 70 ca th k 20, cc sn phm c in t ch yu tch hp phn c kh
vi cng ngh iu khin tr lc (servo) to nn cc sn phm nh ca t ng, my
t ng bn hng, my nh t ng chnh tiu c (focus). n nhng nm 80, khi
cng ngh thng tin c hnh thnh th cc chip vi x l c nhng vo trong
cc h thng c kh nng cao cc cng nng h thng. Lc ny cc my cng c
iu khin s v robot tr nn hon ho hn, cc t c phn iu khin s
c s dng rng ri. Trong lnh vc qun s, cc h thng v kh thng minh c
iu khin s ra i v pht trin mnh m.
Vo nhng nm 90, khi a cc sn phm c in t vo cng ngh truyn
thng to nn cc sn phm c kh nng kt ni mng. Cng trong giai on ny,
cc vi cm bin v c cu chp hnh siu nh c pht trin v ng dng trong
nhiu sn phm nh cc h thng vi c in t. C th ni rng, chc nng ca cc
my mc v h thng c k thut hin nay ph thuc ch yu vo phn mm (c th
l mt thut ton, mng nron, h m) trong my tnh ca sn phm. Ring iu ny
l mt s khc bit v cht so vi cc sn phm c in cch y 25-30 nm.
Xu th pht trin ca c in t l ngy cng tch hp trong n nhiu cng
ngh cao hn, sn phm ngy cng "thng minh" hn ng thi kch thc cng
ngy cng nh i.
Chin lc pht trin khoa hc v cng ngh Vit Nam n nm 2010 xc
nh mt s lnh vc c in t chuyn su:
- Robot lm vic trong cc mi trng c hi, nguy him, an ninh quc
phng, mt s dy chuyn cng nghip cng ngh cao
- Cc sn phm CT trong mt s lnh vc c kh trng im nh my cng
c, my ng lc, thit b in-in t, c kh t v cc thit b o lng
iu khin...
- Nghin cu vi c in t v nano c in t...
STT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Thit k C in t
Tch hp cc thnh phn (phn cng)
Nh gn
Kt cu n gin
Truyn thng khng dy hoc bus
Cc thit b t tr
Tch hp bi x l thng tin
Cu trc mm do, phn hi
iu khin phn hi kh lp trnh
Trang 8
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
7.
8.
9.
10.
Trang 9
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Hin th
C kh
Gi tr i
lng
Trang 10
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
phng php ph hp vi giai on hot ng tip theo. Tn hiu c th c
khuch i ln, loi nhiu, chnh lu, chuyn i t tn hiu s sang tng t v
ngc li
H thng hin th: Ni tn hiu ra t b gia cng tn hiu c th hin di
dng con s (hin th s) hoc dng biu (hin th tng t).
2.4. H thng kch truyn ng.
H thng kch truyn ng l thnh phn ca sn phm c in t, thc hin
chuyn i u ra t mun x l thnh cc hnh ng iu khin trn mt my mc
hoc thit b.
Phn ny s c tm hiu k chng 3.
2.5. Mun truyn thng.
Trong sn xut, ch to vi cc thit b c s iu khin, gi c nhp sn
xut gia cc thit b, gia chng cn c s trao i thng tin. Cc thit b c th gi
v c thng tin theo nhng cch khc nhau.
S trao i, truyn thng tin, d liu gia cc my tnh ty theo phm vi s
dng c yu cu c th l:
iu khin trung tm: l s dng mt my tnh trung tm iu khin ton
b dy chuyn. Trong trng hp ny, nu my tnh trung tm c s c, ton b dy
chuyn s ngng hot ng. y l dng iu khin nhng nm 1970.
H iu khin phn cp: Cc my tnh thc hin cng vic thng nht b
gim st bi cc my tnh c vai tr quyt nh ln hn. Cng vic c chia cho cc
my tnh theo chc nng ca chng (chuyn mn ha).
H thng iu khin phn quyn: Cc my tnh c thc hin cng vic
tng t nhau. Trng hp c s c hoc mt my qu ti, cng vic c th c
chuyn sang my khc. Cng vic c tri ra tt c cc my do vy mi my cn
truy cp c tt c cc my trong h thng.
2.6. Mun x l.
Mun x l, x l thng tin do mun giao din v mun o lng cung
cp. Thnh phn chnh ca mun ny l b iu khin. Ngy nay cc b vi x l
ng vai tr quan trng trong cc b iu khin.
B vi x l c chia thnh 3 vng:
- B x l trung tm (CPU) nhn bit v thc hin cc lnh ca chng
trnh.
- Giao din nhp-xut qun l v truyn thng gia b x l v th gii
bn ngoi.
- B nh lu gi chng trnh v d liu.
Trang 11
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Dy bus
Dy bus d liu u tin
Dy bus d liu th 2
Dy bus d liu th 3
Dy bus d liu th 4
Trang 12
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
2.6.2. B x l trung tm CPU.
CPU qun l tt c cc hot ng v thc hin tt c cc thao tc trn d liu.
Hu ht cc CPU ch bao gm mt tp cc mch logic thc hin lin tc hai thao tc:
tm np lnh v thc thi lnh. CPU c kh nng hiu v thc thi cc lnh da trn
mt tp cc m nh phn, mi mt m nh phn biu th mt thao tc n gin. cc
lnh ny thng l cc lnh s hc (cng, tr, nhn, chia), cc lnh logic (AND, OR,
NOT), cc lnh di chuyn d liu hay cc lnh r nhnh c biu th bi mt tp
cc m nh phn v c gi l tp lnh.
2.6.3. B nh.
B nh ROM (Read Only Memory): l b nh cha cc d liu vnh vin. Cc
con ROM c lp trnh trong lc cc mch ny c ch to. Cc d liu ch c th
c c v s dng cho cc chng trnh c nh.
B nh EPROM (Erasable and Programable): Cc chip s dng loi b nh
ny c th xa v lp trnh li c.
B nh RAM (Random Access Memory): c gi l b nh truy cp ngu
nhin, n c nhim v lu d liu tm thi ang thc hin, n c th c v ghi d
liu vo. Ton b d liu ca b nh RAM s b mt nu mt ngun cung cp in.
2.7. Mun phn mm.
Cc mun phn mm c xy dng trn c s s dng cc ngn ng lp
trnh lp thut ton ph hp theo nhim v ca cc thit b ngoi vi c iu
khin. Mc ch sao cho b x l hiu, sau x l v a ra tn hiu iu khin ph
hp mc tiu ra. mun phn mm tng thch vi b vi x l, chng ta phi
tng thch vi m hnh lp trnh ca CPU tng ng.
2.7.1. Ngn ng lp trnh.
Cc thng tin vo buc b vi x l thc hin mt hnh ng c th c gi
l cc lnh (instruction), tp hp cc lnh m b vi x l nhn bit gi l b lnh
(instruction set). Dng thc ca b lnh ph thuc vo b vi x l c lin quan. Lot
cc lnh cn thit thc hin mt cng vic c th no ta gi l mt chng
trnh (program).
B x l lm vic vi h nh phn. Cc chng trnh vit theo h nh phn
c gi l m my. Vit chng trnh theo dng ny i hi k tht cao v thng
b mc li nhiu. Mt ngn ng thng c s dng l hp ng (Assembly
language). Tuy nhin trnh hp ng vn phi chuyn thnh m my nu mun b x
l hiu c chng trnh trn. S chuyn i ny c th thc hin th cng khi s
dng ti liu ca nh sn xut. Tuy nhin, thng c cc chng trnh my tnh thc
hin chuyn i ny gi l chng trnh dch hp ng (assembler programs). Bn
Trang 13
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
cnh ta cn dng cc ngn ng bc cao lp trnh nh: BASIC, C, C++,
FORTRAN, PASCALTt c nhng ngn ng ny u phi chuyn sang ngn ng
my th b vi x l mi c th s dng c.
2.7.2. Cc tp lnh.
Tp lnh (instruction set) l danh sch t kha m t tt c cc hot ng hoc
cc tc v m n v x l trung tm (CPU) c th thc hin c. Cc b vi x l
khc nhau c cc lnh khc nhau nhng nhn chung cc lnh c th phn chia thnh
nhng nhm lnh sau:
- Chuyn d liu.
- Thc hin s hc.
- Thc hin logic.
- iu khin chng trnh.
2.7.3. Lp trnh.
Thng phng php lp trnh c s dng pht trin chng trnh gm
cc bc sau:
- Xc nh vn , bt u t vic lm r chng trnh phi thc hin nhng
chc nng g, yu cu nhp xut, dung lng nh
- Quyt nh thut ton s dng. Thut ton l tun t cc bc xc nh
mt phng php gii quyt vn .
- Th hin thut ton thng qua lu . Biu din cc biu tng chun
th hin lu . Mi mt bc ca thut ton th hin bng mt hoc hn
mt biu tng v ni vi nhau bi ng th hin lung chng trnh.
- Chuyn i lu thut ton thnh cu lnh m b x l c th thc hin.
Tc l vit cc cu lnh theo ngn ng lp trnh.
- Chy th v sa li chng trnh.
2.8. Mun giao din.
Mun giao din l mt phn quan trng trong h thng C in t. Cc thit
b ngoi vi (b cm bin, bng iu khin) thng khng c ni trc tip vi h
thng vi x l do thiu tng thch v mc v dng tn hiu. Do vy cn phi c mt
mch ghp ni gi l mch giao din ni thit b ngoi vi v b vi x l.
Thit b ngoi vi
B vi x l
Trang 14
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Kho
i ca
m
bie
n
HETHO
NG
C
IE
U
KHIE
N
BOIE
U KHIE
N
Kho
i c ca
u
cha
p ha
nh
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Cm bin lc.
Cm bin o mmen v cng sut.
Cm bin lu lng.
Cm bin nhit .
Cm bin o khong cch.
Cc cm bin nhn bit nh sng, hnh nh v nhn dng.
Tiu chun la chn.
Di o: Chnh lch gia gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca
tham s cn o.
phn gii: Thay i nh nht m cm bin c th phn bit
c.
chnh xc: Sai khc gia gi tr o c v gi tr thc.
Tnh chnh xc: Kh nng lp li kt qu o vi chnh xc
cho trc.
nhy: L t s ca thay i u ra trn mt n v thay i
ca u vo.
Thi gian p ng: tr gia u vo v u ra.
Nhit hot ng: Khong nhit m ti cm bin hot
ng c.
Vng cht: Di u vo m trong di s khng c u ra.
Vic chn cm bin tha mn tt c cc c tnh k thut trn l khng thc
t. V d vic tm cm bin v tr vi phn gii m trong khong mt mt gn nh
khng p ng c vi hu ht cc loi cm bin. Do vy ty theo h C in t
thit k m ta la chn cm bin cho ph hp.
Khi cc h s chc nng trn c tha mn, ngi ta c th a ra mt danh
sch cm bin. S la chn cui cng s ph thuc vo kch c, tin cy, bn
vng, kh nng bo dng v gi thnh cm bin.
3.1.2. C cu chp hnh.
V c bn, cc c cu chp hnh l phn pha sau mt h c in t, nhn lnh
iu khin (hu ht l dng tn hiu in) v gy ra mt s thay i trong h vt l
bng cch to lc, chuyn ng, nhit, dng chyThng thng cc c cu chp
hnh c s dng kt hp vi ngun nui v mt c cu ghp ni nh trn hnh 3.2.
Trang 16
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 17
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 18
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
u ra
Tuyn tnh
Vng cht
thc
u vo
Vng cht
bt
tt
im t
nhit
Trang 19
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
3.2.7. Tnh n nh.
Thut ng tnh n nh c nhiu nh ngha v cch dng khc nhau nhng
nh ngha ph bin nht l nh ngha lin quan n cn bng. Mt h cn bng s
gi c trng thi khng i khi khng c nhiu tc ng. Mt h n nh s tr li
trng thi cn bng nu c nhiu nh lm dch chuyn h thng khi trng thi ban
u. Mt h khng n nh s khng tr li v tr cn bng v thng dch chuyn xa
v tr cn bng.
C ma st
Khng n nh
n nh
Khng ma st
Bin gii n nh
Trang 20
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
3.3. Mt s loi cm bin thng gp.
3.3.1. Cm bin dch chuyn thng v quay.
Hu ht cc chuyn ng ph bin nht trong cc h thng c kh l chuyn
ng thng dc theo mt trc c nh v quay mt gc quanh trc c nh. Nhng
chuyn ng phc tp hn thng c to ra bi vic kt hp nhng chuyn ng
n gin . Trong phn ny chng ta s gii thiu tm tt mt s cng ngh sn c
o cc chuyn ng thng v chuyn ng quay quanh mt trc.
3.3.1.1. Cng tc hnh trnh.
Loi n gin nht ca cm bin dch chuyn l mt cng tc hnh trnh, n
gi tr mt bit thng tin: chm hoc khng chm. Mt cng tc hnh trnh in hnh
bao gm mt n by, khi n c tc ng n s to ra mt tip xc c kh bn
trong cng tc, t to ra mt mch in kn (hnh 3.7). C th s dng cng tc
ny nh l nhng cm bin va chm.
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Nu thit b pht v thu di chuyn t do theo ng thng ni chng, th
cng ca tn hiu nhn c c th c s dng o khong cch gia chng.
Tuy nhin thit b thu tia hng ngoi cng c th nhy cm vi c nh sng ca mi
trng xung quanh. Do vy trong qu trnh thit k ta phi n hin tng ny
lm cho cm bin chng nhiu mt cch tt nht.
Mt b pht sng v b d t cng hng v mt pha c th o th khong
cch ti mt b mt gn nh cng ca tia phn x sau khi va vo b mt.
Thit b c gi l thit b phn x quang (hnh 3.9). Mt cm bin nh vy c
th c dng cho cc robot di ng pht hin cc vt cn mt khong cch cho
trc.
Trang 22
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
(a)
(b)
(c)
Trang 23
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
o. Cc cm bin ti c s dng o cc lc ln, tnh hoc bin thin chm vi
lch rt t v tng i chnh xc. C th p dng cc phng php khc nhau
o cc lc ty thuc vo thit k ca cm bin ti. V d hnh 3.12 minh ha cm
bin ti thy lc. Cm bin ti dng o cc lc tng i ln vi gi thnh thp.
Cm bin ti thy lc dng mt khung rt cng vi mt khoang trong cha y cht
lng. Khi c ti, p lc ca du tng, v mt u o chnh xc s c gi tr ny.
Trang 24
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
truyn ti vt v quay tr li im tham chiu. Thi gian truyn sng thng c o
bng phng php thi gian truyn (TOF_Time of flight).
Phng php thi gian truyn:
Phng php thi gian truyn c minh ha trong hnh 3.13 v 3.14. Mt b
pht sng (pht ra vi chu k) c pht ra v phn x t vt v b thu c v tr gn
b pht. B pht v b thu c th c tch hp trn cng mt cm bin. B thu cng
c th c gn trn vt. TOF l thi gian t khi bt u pht n khi c tn hiu tr
v. Khong cch c xc nh bng cng thc d = c.TOF/2 (khi b pht v b thu
cng mt v tr ) v d = c.TOF (khi b thu c gn trn vt).
Trang 25
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 26
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
U R u Iu
K E
Trang 27
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Khi iu chnh tc , ta kt hp vi cc phng php trn. V d phng
php thay i t thng, kt hp vi phng php thay i in p th phm vi iu
chnh rt rng, y l u im ln ca ng c in mt chiu.
3.4.1.2. ng c AC.
a. ng c khng ng b.
Nguyn l lm vic:
Khi t in p xoay chiu ba pha c tn s f1 vo dy qun stato, trong dy
qun stato s c h thng dng ba pha chy qua, dng in ny s to ra t trng
quay p i cc, quay vi tc n1 =
60 f
. T trng quay ct cc thanh dn ca dy
p
n 2 n1 n
S = = quay ca ng c khng ng b
n1
n1
60 f
(1 s) vg/p
p
b. ng c ng b.
Nguyn l lm vic:
Khi cho dng in ba pha vo dy qun stato, dng in ba pha dy qun
stato s sinh ra t trng quay vi tc :
Trang 28
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
n1 =
60 f
p
Trang 29
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 30
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
ng c bc bin t tr (hay cn gi l ng c bc phn khng)
khng dng nam chm vnh cu lm rotor m dng mt khi c rng lm bng
vt liu nh c t tnh. Phn stator l 3 n 5 cun dy c ni chung vi nhau.
Trang 31
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Phn t a tn hiu
- Cng tc, nt bm.
- Cng tc hnh trnh.
- Cm bin.
Phn t x l v
iu khin
-
Van o chiu.
Van chn.
Van tit lu.
Van p sut.
Phn t khuch i.
C cu chp hnh
- Xilanh.
- ng c kh nn.
Trang 32
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
TN THIT B
K HIU
b. Tn hiu tc ng:
Tn hiu tc ng vo van o chiu c 4 loi l: tc ng bng tay, tc ng
bng c hc, tc ng bng kh nn v tc ng bng nam chm in.
Tn hiu tc ng t 2 pha (i vi van o chiu khng c v tr khng)
hay ch t 1 pha (i vi van o chiu c v tr khng).
Tc ng bng tay:
TN THIT B
K HIU
Nt bm
Trang 33
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Tay gt
Bn p
Tc ng bng kh nn:
TN THIT B
K HIU
K HIU
u d
C chn bng con ln, tc ng 2 chiu
C chn bng con ln, tc ng 1 chiu
L xo
Nt nhn c rnh nh v
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
TN THIT B
K HIU
Trc tip
Bng nam chm in v van ph tr
Tc ng theo cch hng dn c th
1
Y
P
Van c 2 ca P v R, 2 v tr 0 v 1. Ti v tr 0, ca P v R b chn. Khi cun
Y c in, t v tr 0 van chuyn sang v tr 1, ca P ni vi ca R. Khi cun Y mt
in, do tc ng ca l xo pha i din, van s quay tr v v tr ban u.
d. Van o chiu khng c v tr khng.
Khi khng c tn hiu tc ng ln u nng van na, th v tr ca van vn
c gi nguyn i tn hiu tc ng t pha nng van i din. V tr tc ng k
hiu a , b, c,
Tn hiu tc ng c th l:
- Tc ng bng tay hay bn p.
- Tc ng bng dng kh nn iu khin vo hay ra t 2 pha nng van.
- tc ng trc tip bng in t hay gin tip bng dng kh nn i qua van
ph tr.
V d: Van o chiu 3/2 tc ng bng nam chm in.
a
b
Y2
Y1
P R
Trang 35
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
K HIU
B
P1
A
P2
A
P1
P2
Van x kh nhanh.
A
Khi dng kh nn vo ca P, chn
ca R, ca P ni vi ca A. Khi dng kh
P
R
nn vo t A, ca P b chn, ca A ni vi
ca R, kh c x nhanh ra ngoi.
Trang 36
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
TN THIT B
K HIU
Trang 37
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
TN THIT B
Van an ton.
Bnh thng khi p sut nh hn
hoc bng p sut cho php, ca R b
chn, nhng khi p sut ln hn p sut
cho php, ca R m ra, kh nn t ca P
theo ca R thot ra ngoi.
Van trn.
Nguyn tc hat ng tng t
nh van an ton, nhng ch khc ch
l khi p sut bng hoc ln hn p sut
cho php th ca P ni vi ca A, ni
vi h thng iu khin.
K HIU
A
X
Van p sut iu chnh t xa :
Khi c tn hiu p sut tc ng,
th ca P ni vi ca A. Tn hiu tc
ng c th trc tip ln van o chiu,
hay tn hiu gin tip qua van trn.
R
A
3.4.2.2.1. Xi lanh.
Trang 38
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
TN THIT B
K HIU
Trang 39
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 40
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 41
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Qy.y: n xanh cng ra bo hiu trng thi tc thi ca cng Qy.y. n
ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca cng.
Cng truyn thng:
S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS485 vi phch ni 9 chn
phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm PLC khc.
Ch thch:
1.
t
2.
24 VDC
3.
Truyn v nhn d liu
4.
Khng s dng
5.
t
6.
5 VDC
7.
24 VDC
8.
Truyn v nhn d liu
9.
Khng s dng.
Hnh 4.2. S chn ca cng truyn thng
Ghp ni S7-200 vi my tnh PC qua cng RS232 cn c cp ni PC/PPI vi
b chuyn i RS232/RS485.
Trang 42
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Hnh 4.4. Hnh dng v kch thc ca cp PC/PPI
CPU221
90x80x62
4096 bytes
CPU222
90x80x62
4096 bytes
CPU224
120.5x80x62
8912 bytes
CPU226
190x80x62
8912 bytes
CPU226XM
190x80x62
1634 bytes
2048 bytes
2048 bytes
5120 bytes
5120 bytes
1024 bytes
6
4
0
8
6
2 Modules
14
10
7 Modules
24
16
7 Modules
24
16
7 Modules
RS-485
RS-485
RS-485
RS-485
RS-485
50
50
190
190
190
Trang 43
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Cc loi
B m
DC/DC/DC
AC/DC/RL
C0-C255
DC/DC/DC
AC/DC/RL
C0-C255
DC/DC/DC
AC/DC/RL
C0-C255
DC/DC/DC
AC/DC/RL
C0-C255
DC/DC/DC
AC/DC/RL
C0-C255
Trang 44
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 45
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 46
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.1.4. Modul m rng.
Cu trc modul ca S7-200 to s linh hot ti a gii quyt cc bi ton,
n cho php chng ta chn s u vo ra ti u v mt kinh t. Chng ta c th tng
thm s cng vo ra cho bng cch ni thm cc modul m rng.
Trang 47
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 48
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 49
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 51
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 52
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 53
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Hnh 4.15. Cch u modul m rng EM 221 Digital Input 8x24 VDC
Trang 54
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 55
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Hnh 4.18. Cch u modul m rng EM 223 24VDC 4 Inputs/4 Relay Outputs
Trang 56
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Hnh 4.20. Cch u modul m rng EM 223 24VDC 8 Inputs/8 Relay Outputs
Trang 57
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Hnh 4.22. Cch u modul m rng EM 223 24VDC 16 Inputs/16 Relay Outputs
4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh.
4.3.1. Cch thc hin chng trnh.
PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng
qut (scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on c d liu t cc cng vo
vng m o, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng qut,
chng trnh c thc hin bng lnh u tin v kt thc ti lnh kt thc. Sau giai
on thc hin chng trnh l giai on truyn thng ni b v kim tra li. Vng
qut c kt thc bng giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o ti cc cng
ra.
Trang 58
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Nh vy ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng thc
hin hin lnh trc tip vi cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b m o ca cng trong
vng nh tham s. Vic truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi do CPU qun l.
Khi gp lnh vo/ra th ngay lp tc h thng s cho dng mi cng vic khc, ngay
c chng trnh x l ngt, thc hin lnh ny mt cch trc tip vi cng vo/ra.
Chng trnh x l ngt ch c thc hin trong vng qut khi xut hin tnh
hiu bo ngt v c th xy ra bt c im no trong vng qut.
4.3.2. Cu trc chng trnh.
Cu trc ca mt chng trnh c to thnh t 3 thnh phn c bn: 1
chng trnh chnh (main Program), c th c mt hay nhiu chng trnh con
(subroutines), cc chng trnh con x l ngt (interrupt routines) c th c hoc
khng.
Chng trnh chnh bao gm cc lnh iu khin ng dng. Cc lnh ny
c thc hin tun t mt cch lin tc, c mi vng qut mt ln. Chng trnh
chnh c kt thc bng lnh kt thc chng trnh (MEND hoc END).
Chng trnh con l mt b phn ca chng trnh. N c th c hoc khng,
ch c thc hin khi c lnh gi n t chng trnh chnh. Cc chng trnh con
phi c vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh (MEND hoc END).
Cc chng trnh con x l ngt (c th c hoc khng) khi xy ra s kin
ngt tng ng. S kin c th l s thay i mc mt u vo, b nh thi
m hay nhn c d liu trn cng truyn thng.Chng trnh x l ngt
cng phi c vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh (MEND hoc END).
Cc chng trnh con thng c nhm li thnh mt nhm ngay sau
chng trnh chnh. Sau n ngay cc chng trnh x l ngt. Bng cch vit nh
vy, cu trc chng trnh c r rng v thun tin hn trong vic c chng
trnh sau ny. Cng c th t do trn ln cc chng trnh con v chng trnh x l
ngt ng sau chng trnh chnh.
Trang 59
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 60
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
- Mng LAD: L ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, i
t ng ngun bn tri sang ng ngun bn phi. Ngun in c hai ng
chnh, mt ng bn tri th hin dy nng, mt ng bn phi l dy trung ha
(neutral) hay l ng tr v ngun cung cp. ng ngun bn phi khng
c th hin trn giao din lp trnh.
nh ngha v STL: L phng php th hin chng trnh di dng tp
hp cc cu lnh. Khc vi hai ngn ng kia l dng ha. Chnh v th trong STL
c th vit nhng chng trnh m trong hai ngn ng cn li khng th vit c.
Bi v n st vi ngn ng my hn, khng b gii hn bi cc quy tc ha. STL
thng dnh cho lp trnh vin giu kinh nghim.
STL c th gii quyt c mt s vn khng th gii quyt d dng
trong Lad v FBD, STL ch c th s dng tp lnh SIMATIC, mi chng trnh
vit bng LAD hay FBD c th xem v sa trong STL nhng khng phi tt c
nhng chng trnh vit trong STL u c th xem bng LAD hay FBD.
to ra mt chng trnh bng STL, ngi lp trnh cn phi hiu r
phng thc s dng 9 bit trong ngn xp (stack) logic ca S7-200.
Ngn xp l mt khi 9 bit chng ln nhau t S0 n S8, nhng tt c cc
thut ton lin quan n ngn xp u lm vic vi bit u tin v bit th hai (S0 v
S1) ca ngn xp. Gi tr logic mi c th c gi hoc ni thm vo ngn xp. Hai
bit S0 v S1 phi hp vi nhau th ngn xp c ko ln mt bit.
4.4. Mt s lnh c bn.
4.4.1. Lnh vo ra.
STL
LD
A
O
LDN
AN
ON
LDI
AI
OI
LDNI
AIN
OIN
= bit
LAD
M t
Ton hng
bit
bit
bit
Tip im thng m s ng
bit: I
tc thi khi bit = 1.
bit
bit
Tip im thng ng s m
tc thi khi bit = 1.
bit: I
Cun dy u ra trng thi ON bit: I, Q, M, SM,
Trang 61
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
=I bit
bit
LAD
S bit, n
R bit, n
SI bit, n
RI bit, n
bit
S
n
bit
R
n
bit
SI
n
bit
RI
n
M t
Ton hng
Trang 62
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
STL
M t
Lnh thc hin php logic
AND gia cc bt tng
ng ca hai t IN1 v IN2.
Kt qu c ghi li vo
IN2.
Lnh thc hin php logic
OR gia cc bt tng ng
ca hai t IN1 v IN2. Kt
qu c ghi li vo IN2.
Lnh thc hin php logic
XOR gia cc bt tng
ng ca hai t IN1 v IN2.
Kt qu c ghi li vo
IN2.
Lnh thc hin php logic
AND gia cc bt tng
ng ca hai t kp IN1 v
IN2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo IN2.
Lnh thc hin php logic
OR gia cc bt tng ng
ca hai t kp IN1 v IN2.
Kt qu c ghi li vo
IN2.
Lnh thc hin php logic
XOR gia cc bt tng
ng ca hai t kp IN1 v
IN2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo IN2.
Ton hng
Trang 63
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Biu din trong LAD.
LAD
M t
Lnh thc hin php logic AND
gia cc bt tng ng ca hai
t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo OUT.
Lnh thc hin php logic OR
gia cc bt tng ng ca hai
t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo OUT.
Lnh thc hin php logic XOR
gia cc bt tng ng ca hai
t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo OUT.
Lnh thc hin php logic AND
gia cc bt tng ng ca hai
t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu
c ghi li vo OUT.
Lnh thc hin php logic OR
gia cc bt tng ng ca hai
t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu
c ghi li vo OUT.
Ton hng
IN1: VW, T, C, IW, QW,
SMW, AC, AIW, *VD,
*AC, Hng s.
IN2: VW, T, C, IW, QW,
SMW, AC, AIW, *VD,
*AC
OUT: VW, T, C, IW, MW,
QW, SMW, AC, *VD,
*AC
Trang 64
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
V d: Vit trong LAD
Trang 65
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.4.4. Cc lnh tip im c bit.
C th dng lnh tip im c bit pht hin s chuyn tip trng thi ca
xung (sn xung) v o li trng thi dng cung cp (gi tr ca nh ngn xp).
LAD s dng cc tip im c bit tc ng vo dng cung cp. Cc tip im
c bit khng c ton hng ring. V vy phi t chng vo v tr pha trc ca
cun dy hoc hp u ra.
Cc lnh tip im c bit c biu din trong LAD:
LAD
NOT
M t
Ton hng
Tip im o trng thi ca dng cung
cp. Nu dng cung cp c tip im o
Khng c
th n b ngt mch, nu khng c tip
im o th n thng mch.
Tip im chuyn i dng, cho php
thng mch trong mt vng qut khi sn Khng c
xung iu khin chuyn t 0 ln 1.
Tip im chuyn i m, cho php thng
mch trong mt vng qut khi sn xung Khng c
iu khin chuyn t 1 xung 0.
ED
M t
Lnh o gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp.
Lnh nhn bit s chuyn tip trng thi t 0 ln 1
trong mt vng qut ca nh ngn xp. Khi nhn c
s chuyn tip nh vy nh ngn xp s c gi tr bng
1 trong mt vng qut.
Lnh nhn bit s chuyn tip trng thi t 1 xung 0
trong mt vng qut ca nh ngn xp. Khi nhn c
s chuyn tip nh vy nh ngn xp s c gi tr bng
1 trong mt vng qut.
Ton hng
Khng c
Khng c
Khng c
Trang 66
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.4.5. Cc lnh so snh.
LAD
IN1
==B
IN2
IN1
==I
IN2
IN1
==D
IN2
IN1
==R
IN2
IN1
<> B
IN2
IN1
<> I
IN2
IN1
<> D
IN2
IN1
<> R
IN2
IN1
<B
IN2
IN1
<I
IN2
IN1
<D
IN2
IN1
<R
IN2
M t
Ton hng
Trang 67
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
IN1
<= B
IN2
IN1
<= I
IN2
IN1
<= D
IN2
IN1
<= R
IN2
IN1
>B
IN2
IN1
>I
IN2
IN1
>D
IN2
IN1
>R
IN2
Trang 68
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
IN1
>= B
IN2
IN1
>= I
IN2
IN1
>= D
IN2
IN1
>= R
IN2
Trang 69
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
STL
JMP n
LAD
M t
Lnh nhy thc hin vic chuyn iu
khin n nhn n trong mt chng
trnh.
LBL n
CALL SBR_0
CRET
V d v lnh nhy:
Trang 70
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.4.7. Cc lnh can thip vo thi gian vng qut.
Gm cc lnh: END, STOP, NOP.
Cc lnh ny c dng kt thc chng trnh ang thc hin, v ko di
khong thi gian ca mt vng qut.
Lnh END dng kt thc chng trnh chnh hin hnh.
Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh, n chuyn iu khin chng trnh n ch
STOP. Nu gp lnh STOP trong chng trnh chnh hoc trong chng trnh con
th chng trnh ang thc hin s c kt thc ngay lp tc. Nu gp lnh STOP
trong chng trnh x l ngt th chng trnh x l ngt s kt thc ngay lp tc v
tt c cc tn hiu ngt ang ch x l sau u b b qua v khng thc hin.
Lnh rng NOP khng c tc dng g trong vic thc hin chng trnh.
STL
END
STOP
NOP n
LAD
M t
Lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh hin
hnh c iu kin.
Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh
hin hnh v chuyn sang ch
STOP.
Lnh NOT khng c hiu lc trong
chng trnh hin hnh. Ton hng n
l mt s nm trong khong 0-255
Ton hng
Khng c
n: t 0 n
255
Trang 71
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
STL: TON Txxx, PT
TONR Txxx, PT
TOF Txxx, PT
Trang 72
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
V d v cc loi b nh thi v biu thi gian.
Trang 73
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
Trang 75
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
B m va m ln va m xung m ln khi c sn ln u vo m
ln (CU) v m xung khi c sn ln u vo m xung (CD). Khi gi tr m
(Cxxx) ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc PV th bit trng thi (Cxxx) s c gi tr 1
(ON). Ngc li th bit trng thi (Cxxx) s c gi tr 0 (OFF). B m c th b xa
(RESET) bi mc 1 u vo reset (R), lc c gi tr m ln bit trng thi s b
xa v 0.
S hiu cc b m Cxxx t C0 n C255.
Lnh khai bo s dng b m trong LAD v STL
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
LD I0.1
CTD C1, +3
NETWORK 2
LD C1
= Q0.0
Trang 76
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
LD I0.1
LD I0.2
CTUD C48, +4
NETWORK 2
LD C48
= Q0.0
Trang 77
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.4.10. Cc lnh s hc.
C php dng lnh cng v tr hai s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD v STL nh sau:
STL
LAD
+I IN1, IN2
-I IN1, IN2
M t
L lnh thc hin php cng cc
s nguyn 16-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 16-bit c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr 16-bit nhng c ghi
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = IN2.
L lnh thc hin php tr cc s
nguyn 16-bt IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 16-bt c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr 16-bt nhng c ghi
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = IN2.
Ton hng
C php dng lnh cng v tr hai s nguyn 32 bit trong LAD v STL nh sau:
STL
LAD
M t
L lnh thc hin php cng cc
s nguyn 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 32-bit c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr 32-bit nhng c ghi
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = IN2.
L lnh thc hin php tr cc s
Ton hng
OUT: VD,
ID,
Trang 78
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
nguyn 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 32-bit c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = OUT.
QD, MD, SMD,
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
SD, LD, AC,
mt gi tr 16-bit nhng c ghi
*VD, *LD, *AC.
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = IN2.
C php dng lnh cng v tr hai s thc trong LAD v STL nh sau:
STL
+R IN1, IN2
-R IN1, IN2
LAD
M t
L lnh thc hin php cng cc
s thc 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s thc
32-bit c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr thc 32-bit nhng c
ghi vo IN2, tc l
IN1 + IN2 = IN2
L lnh thc hin php tr cc s
thc 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s thc
32-bit c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr thc 32-bit nhng c
ghi vo IN2, tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = IN2
Ton hng
OUT: VD,
ID,
QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC,
*VD, *LD, *AC.
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Bi ging H thng C in t 1
C php dng lnh nhn v chia hai s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD v STL:
STL
LAD
*I IN1, IN2
/I IN1, IN2
M t
L lnh thc hin php nhn cc
s nguyn 16-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 16-bit c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1 * IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr 16-bit nhng c ghi
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1 * IN2 = IN2.
L lnh thc hin php chia cc
s nguyn 16-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 16-bit c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1/IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr 16-bit nhng c ghi
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1/IN2 = IN2.
Ton hng
IN1, IN2:
IW, QW,
SW, SMW,
LW, AC,
Constant,
*LD, *AC.
VW,
MW,
T, C,
AIW,
*VD,
C php dng lnh nhn v chia hai s nguyn 32 bit trong LAD v STL:
STL
LAD
M t
L lnh thc hin php nhn cc
s nguyn 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 32-bit c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1 * IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr 32-bit nhng c ghi
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1 * IN2 = IN2.
L lnh thc hin php chia cc
Ton hng
OUT: VD,
ID,
QD, MD, SMD,
Trang 80
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
s nguyn 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s
nguyn 32-bit c ghi vo OUT,
tc l:
IN1/IN2 = OUT.
SD, LD, AC,
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
*VD, *LD, *AC.
mt gi tr 32-bit nhng c ghi
vo IN2, tc l:
IN1/IN2 = IN2.
C php dng lnh nhn v chia hai s thc trong LAD v STL nh sau:
STL
*R IN1, IN2
/R IN1, IN2
LAD
M t
L lnh thc hin php nhn cc
s thc 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s thc
32-bit c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 * IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr thc 32-bit nhng c
ghi vo IN2, tc l
IN1 * IN2 = IN2
L lnh thc hin php chia cc s
thc 32-bit IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s thc
32-bit c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1/IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l
mt gi tr thc 32-bit nhng c
ghi vo IN2, tc l:
IN1/IN2 = IN2
Ton hng
OUT: VD,
ID,
QD, MD, SMD,
SD, LD, AC,
*VD, *LD, *AC.
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Bi ging H thng C in t 1
C php dng lnh cn bc hai trong LAD v STL nh sau:
STL
LAD
M t
Ton hng
SM1.0
(Kt qu 0)
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
SM1.1
(Bo trn)
Khng
Khng
Khng
C
C
C
C
C
C
SM1.2
(Kt qu m)
Khng
Khng
Khng
C
C
C
C
C
C
SM1.3
(Chia cho 0)
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
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Bi ging H thng C in t 1
C php dng lnh tng mt gi tr trong LAD v STL nh sau:
STL
LAD
INCB OUT
INCW OUT
INCD OUT
M t
Thm mt n v t mt
Byte c nh a ch
u vo IN. Kt qu c
lu vo Byte c nh a
ch u ra OUT.
[IN] + 1 = [OUT]
Thm mt n v t mt t
n c nh a ch
u vo IN. Kt qu c
lu vo t n c nh
a ch u ra OUT.
[IN] + 1 = [OUT]
Thm mt n v t mt t
kp c nh a ch
u vo IN. Kt qu c
lu vo t kp c nh
a ch u ra OUT.
[IN] + 1 = [OUT]
Ton hng
IN: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB,
SMB, LB, AC, Constant,
*VD, *LD, *AC
OUT: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB,
SMB, LB, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, HC, Constant,
*VD, *LD, *AC
OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, HC, Constant,
*VD, *LD, *AC
OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
DECB OUT
DECW OUT
DECD OUT
LAD
M t
Gim mt n v t mt
Byte c nh a ch
u vo IN. Kt qu c
lu vo Byte c nh a
ch u ra OUT.
[IN] - 1 = [OUT]
Gim mt n v t mt t
n c nh a ch
u vo IN. Kt qu c
lu vo t n c nh
a ch u ra OUT.
[IN] - 1 = [OUT]
Gim mt n v t mt t
kp c nh a ch
Ton hng
IN: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB,
SMB, LB, AC, Constant,
*VD, *LD, *AC
OUT: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB,
SMB, LB, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, HC, Constant,
*VD, *LD, *AC
OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, HC, Constant,
Trang 83
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
u vo IN. Kt qu c
lu vo t kp c nh
a ch u ra OUT.A
[IN] - 1 = [OUT]
LAD
M t
INVB OUT
INVW OUT
INVD OUT
Ton hng
IN: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB,
SMB, LB, AC, Constant,
*VD, *AC, *LD
OUT: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB,
SMB, LB, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, HC, Constant,
*VD, *LD, *AC
OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, HC, Constant,
*VD, *LD, *AC
OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, *VD, *LD,
*AC
Trang 84
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
V d: V lnh tng gim mt gi tr.
Trang 85
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.4.12. Cc lnh dch chuyn ni dung nh.
STL
LAD
M t
Lnh sao chp ni
dung ca byte IN
sang byte OUT.
Lnh sao chp ni
dung ca t n
IN sang t n
OUT.
Lnh sao chp ni
dung ca t kp
IN sang t kp
OUT.
Lnh sao chp ni
dung ca s thc
IN sang s thc
OUT.
Ton hng
IN: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB, SMB,
LB, AC, Constant, *VD, *LD,
*AC.
OUT: VB, IB, QB, MB, SB,
SMB, LB, AC, *VD, *LD, *AC.
IN: VW, IW, QW, MW, SW,
SMW, LW, T, C, AIW, Constant,
AC, *VD, *AC, *LD.
OUT: VW, T, C, IW, QW, SW,
MW, SMW, LW, AC, AQW,
*VD, *AC, *LD.
IN: VW, IW, QW, MW, SW,
SMW, LW, T, C, AIW, Constant,
AC, *VD, *AC, *LD.
OUT: VW, T, C, IW, QW, SW,
MW, SMW, LW, AC, AQW,
*VD, *AC, *LD.
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD, SMD,
LD, AC, Constant, *VD, *LD,
*AC.
OUT: VD, ID, QD, MD, SD,
SMD, LD, AC, *VD, *LD, *AC.
Trang 86
Bi ging H thng C in t 1
4.5. Son tho chng trnh v chng trnh m phng
4.5.1. Son tho chng trnh.
Trang 87