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T NG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010
1.1. Gi i thi u:
Microsoft Access l m t thnh ph n trong b Microsoft Office c a hng Microsoft. MS Access cung c p cho ng i dng giao di n thn thi n v cc thao tc n gi n, tr c quan trong vi c xy d ng v qu n tr c s d li u cng nh xy d ng cc ng d ng c s d li u. Access l m t h qu n tr c s d li u quan h (RDMS- Relational Database Management System), r t ph h p cho cc bi ton qu n l v a v nh . Hi u nng cao v c bi t d s d ng do giao di n gi ng cc ph n m m khc trong b MS Office nh MS Word, MS Excel. Access cn cung c p h th ng cng c pht tri n kh m nh i km (Development Tools) gip cc nh pht tri n ph n m m n gi n trong vi c xy d ng tr n gi cc d n ph n m m qu n l qui m v a v nh MS Access 2010 cung c p h th ng cng c r t m nh, gip ng i dng nhanh chng v d dng xy d ng chng trnh ng d ng thng qua query, form, report k t h p v i m t s l nh Visual Basic. Trong Microsoft Access 2010, b n c th xy d ng c s d li u web v a chng ln cc SharePoint site. Ng i duy t SharePoint c th s d ng ng d ng c s d li u c a b n trong m t trnh duy t web, s d ng SharePoint xc nh ai c th xem nh ng g. Nhi u c i ti n m i h tr kh nng a d li u ln web, v cng cung c p l i ch trong vi c xy d ng c s d li u trn my n truy n th ng. Access 2010 giao di n ng i dng cng thay i. N u b n khng quen v i Office Access 2007, Ribbon v C a s Danh m c chnh c th l m i cho b n. Thanh Ribbon ny thay th cc menu v thanh cng c t phin b n tr c. C a s Danh m c chnh thay th v m r ng cc ch c nng c a c a s Database.
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V m t i m m i trong Access 2010, Backstage View cho php b n truy c p vo t t c cc l nh p d ng cho ton b c s d li u, nh l thu g n v s a ch a, ho c cc l nh t menu File. Cc l nh c b tr trn cc tab pha bn tri c a mn hnh, v m i tab ch a m t nhm cc l nh c lin quan ho c cc lin k t. V d , n u b n nh n New, b n s th y t p h p cc nt cho php b n t o ra m t c s d li u m i t u, ho c b ng cch ch n t m t th vi n c a c s d li u cc m u thi t k chuyn nghi p.
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Commands ho c click ph i trn thanh Quick Access ch n Customize Quick Access Toolbar. thm nt l nh vo Quick Access, b n ch n l nh trong khung choose commands from, click nt Add click OK.
1.3.2. Vng lm vi c:
Khi kh i ng Access, trong c a s kh i ng, m c nh tab File v l nh New trong tab File c ch n, c a s c chia thnh 3 khung: Khung bn tri g m cc l nh trong tab File Khung gi a: ch a cc lo i t p tin c s d li u m b n c th t o m i. Khung bn ph i: nh p tn v ch n v tr lu t p tin m i t o v th c thi l nh t o m i c s d li u.
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trn nhn c a tab ho c dng phm t t. Nh n phm Alt ho c F10 hi n th tn c a cc phm t t c a cc tab. H u h t cc tab trn Ribbon c chia thnh t ng nhm khc nhau, m i nhm hi n th tiu con bn d i c a nhm. M t s nhm trong Ribbon c hi n th nt , khi click nt ny s xu t hi n c a s cho php thi t l p cc thu c tnh c a nhm tng ng.
1.3.4. C a s Properties
C a s Properties gip b n c th hi u ch nh thu c tnh c a i t ng, ty theo i t ng ang c ch n m c a s thu c tnh s ch a nh ng thu c tnh tng ng c a i t ng . m c a s Properties, b n ch n i t ng mu n thay i thu c tnh, ch n tab Design ho c nh n t h p phm Atl +Enter C a s Properties c chia thnh nm nhm Format: G m cc thu c tnh nh d ng i t ng Data: G m cc thu c tnh truy su t d Event: G m cc s ki n (event) c a Other: G m cc thu c tnh gip b toolbars, All: G m t t c cc thu c tnh trong b
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t p tin c s d li u c lu v i tn c ph n m r ng l .accdb. N u khng ch nh ng d n th m c nh t p tin m i t o s c lu trong th m c Document, ng c l i, click nt Brows ch nh v tr lu t p tin. Click nt Create t o t p tin c s d li u.
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1.5. Qu n l c s d li u
Sau khi t o c s d li u, ho c m m t c s d li u th Tab File s hi n th cc l nh qu n l t p tin c s d li u.
1.5.1. Recent:
M c Recent hi n th danh sch cc t p tin c s d li u c m g n nh t. S t p tin hi n th trong danh sch ny m c nh l 9, c th thay i b ng cch: T i c a s lm vi c c a Access, ch n tab File. Ch n Options Client Settings Trong m c Display, thay i gi tr c a thu c tnh Show This Number Of Recent Documents Click OK.
1.5.2. M m t c s d li u:
m m t c s d li u c ta th c hi n m t trong cc cch sau:
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Cch 1: T i c a s kh i ng, trong tab File Open Ch n t p tin c s d li u c n m Open. Cch 2: Double click vo tn t p tin c n m .
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1.5.5. T o password
M c s d li u ch Exclusive b ng cch: File Open Open Exclusive. Ch n tab File Ch n l nh Info Click nt set Database Password Nh p Password 2 l n OK
1.5.6. G b password
M c s d li u ch Exclusive: File Open Open Exclusive Trong tab File, ch n l nh Info Click nt UnSet Database Password.
1.6.1. B ng (Tables):
Table l thnh ph n quan tr ng nh t c a t p tin c s d li u Access, dng lu tr d li u. Do y l i t ng ph i c
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1.6.3. Bi u m u (Forms):
Form l cng c thi t k giao di n cho chng trnh, dng c p nh t ho c xem d li u. Bi u m u gip thn thi n ha qu trnh nh p, thm, s a, xa v hi n th d li u.
1.6.4. Bo co (Reports):
Report l cng c gip ng i dng t o cc k t xu t d li u t cc b ng, sau nh d ng v s p x p theo m t khun d ng cho tr c v c th in ra mn hnh ho c my in.
1.6.5. T p l nh (Macros):
Macro l m t t p h p cc l nh nh m th c hi n m t lo t cc thao tc c qui nh tr c. T p l nh c a Access c th c xem l m t cng c l p trnh n gi n p ng cc tnh hu ng c th .
1.6.6. B m l nh (Modules):
L cng c l p trnh trong mi tr ng Access m ngn ng n n t ng c a n l ngn ng Visual Basic for Application. y l m t d ng t ng ha chuyn su hn t p l nh, gip t o ra nh ng hm ng i dng t nh ngha. B m l nh th ng dnh cho cc l p trnh vin chuyn nghi p. Cng c t o cc i t ng trong Access c t ch c thnh t ng nhm trong tab Create c a thanh Ribbon
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1.7.1. T o m i m t i t ng:
Click tab Create trn thanh Ribbon. Trong nhm cng c c a t ng i t ng, ch n cch t o tng ng.
1.7.4. Xa m t i t ng.
Click ph i chu t trn i t ng c n xa, Ch n m c delete trn Menu Popup. Ho c ch n r i nh n phm Delete. Ho c nt c .
1.7.5. i tn i t ng
Click ph i chu t trn i t ng, ch n rename, Ho c nh n F2 Nh p tn m i.
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Cch th c hi n: Ch n i t ng mu n xu t sang ng d ng khc. Ch n tab External Data. Trong nhm cng c Export, ch n lo i ng d ng m b n mu n xu t d li u: Excel, Text file, XML file, Word, Access
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Ch n tab External Data. Trong nhm l nh Import & Link, ch n ng d ng m b n mu n chp d li u. L n l t lm theo cc b c h ng d n c a Access.
Next.
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Let Access add primary key: Access t t o kha. Chose my own primary key: B n ch nh kha. No primary key: Khng t o kha. + Nh p tn cho b ng Finish. + Access hi n th thng bo cho bi t hon t t qu trnh import m t file Excel thnh m t b ng trong Access.
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Ch n b ng mu n link
OK
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XY D NG C S D LI U
Xy d ng c s d li u l cng vi c quan tr ng u tin trong ton b qui trnh pht tri n m t ng d ng trn Access. M t c s d li u c thi t k v xy d ng t t s l nh ng thu n l i trong qu trnh pht tri n ng d ng.
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V d : B ng SINHVIEN, lu tr thng tin c a i t ng sinh vin, g m cc field MASV, HOSV, TENSV, PHAI, NGAYSINH, DIACHI, MALOP.
Cc field bi u di n thng tin c a sinh vin Record
Dng (Record): L m t th hi n d li u c a cc field trong b ng. Trong m t b ng c th c khng c record no ho c c nhi u records. Trong m t b ng th d li u trong cc record khng c trng l p.
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Khi nh p d li u, Access s t ng ki m tra kha chnh v khng cho php trng l p, v khng r ng.
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B c 2: Trong c a s thi t k , th c hi n cc cng vi c sau: Nh p tn field trong c t field Name, ch p nh n kho ng tr ng, khng phn bi t ch hoa, ch th ng. Nn nh p tn field theo tiu ch: Ng n g n, d nh , g i ngha, v khng c kho ng tr ng. Ch n ki u d li u cho field trong c t Data Type Ch thch cho field trong c t Description. Ch nh thu c tnh cho field trong khung Field Properties. B c 3: Xc nh kha chnh cho b ng: t tr t i field c ch n lm kha chnh (ho c ch n cc field ng th i lm kha) Click nt Primary key trn thanh cng c Table (Table Tools), ho c click ph i trn tn field, ch n l nh Primary key. B c 4: Lu b ng v a t o b ng cch: Click vo nt trn thanh Quick Access
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Nh p tn cho b ng trong h p tho i Save as nh hnh (trong tr ng h p Table m i t o, cha t tn). Lu : N u b ng cha c t kha chnh th Access s hi n th m t h p tho i thng bo:
Nh n nt Cancel tr l i c a s thi t k , t kho chnh cho b ng. Nh n nt No lu m khng c n t kha chnh, c th t sau. Nh n nt Yes Access t t o kho chnh c tn l ID, ki u Autonumber.
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t tr trong bn d i Field m i (Click to Add), sau ch n m t trong cc ki u d li u trong nhm Add & Delete trn thanh Ribbon. Ho c click chu t trn Click to Add, ch n ki u d li u trong menu. C th click nt More Fields ch n cc ki u d li u khc. Nh p tn cho Field m i. T o Field tnh ton: Khi thi t k t b ng ch DataSheet View, b n c th t o m t Field m i m n l k t qu c a m t bi u th c tnh ton t cc Field tr c, b ng cch: Click tiu Click to Add c a Field m i nh hnh trn. Ch n l nh Calculated Field, xu t hi n c a s Expression Builder Nh p bi u th c tnh ton.
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Data Type
Ki u d li u D li u Kch th c
Vn b n T i a 255 k t Vn b n nhi u dng, nhi u T i a 65.535 k Memo trang t Ki u s (bao g m s nguyn v s th c). dng th c hi n tnh 1, 2, 4, ho c 8 Number ton, cc nh d ng d li u byte ki u s c thi t l p trong Control Panel. D li u ki u Date v Time. Cc nh d ng c a d li u Date/Time 8 byte Date/Time c thi t l p trong Control Panel. Currency Ki u ti n t , m c nh l $. 8 byte Access s t ng tng tu n t ho c ng u nhin khi m t m u AutoNumber 4 byte tin m i c t o, khng th xa, s a. Ki u lu n l (Boolean). Ch Yes/no ch p nh n d li u c gi tr 1bit Yes/No, True/False, On/Off D li u l cc i t ng c OLE Object T i a 1 GB t o t cc ph n m m khc. HyperLink D li u c a field l cc link. Lookup Wizard khng ph i l ki u d li u, m l ch c nng Lookup t o m t danh sch m gi tr Wizard c a n c nh p b ng tay ho c c tham chi u t m t b ng khc trong c s d li u. Attachment
nh km d li u t cc chng trnh khc, nhng b n khng th nh p vn b n ho c d li u s .
Text
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thay i nh ng nh d ng m c nh c a cc ki u d li u trong mi tr ng Window, ch n Start Control Panel Regional and Language Customize. Tab Numbers thay i nh d ng s nh d u th p phn, phn cch hng ngn Tab Date/Time thay i nh d ng ngy/gi . Tab Currency thay i n v ti n t .
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2.5.3. Format:
Quy nh d ng hi n th c a d li u trn mn hnh ho c ra my in, ph thu c vo ki u d li u. C th ch n cc nh d ng do Access cung c p s n ho c t o m t chu i k t nh d ng ring. a) nh d ng ki u d li u Text Cc k t nh d ng ki u d li u Text K t nh d ng Tc d ng
@ > < chu i k t \<k t > [Black] [White] [Red] [Green] [Blue] [Yellow] [Magenta] [Cyan] Chu i k t i ton b k t ra ch hoa i ton b k t ra ch th ng Chu i k t gi a 2 d u nhy K t n m sau d u \ Mu (k hi u mu theo sau m t trong cc k t nh d ng chu i pha trn)
V d : nh d ng
@@@-@@-@@@ > <
D li u nh p
12345678 L T Tr ng L T Tr ng
Hi n th 123-45-678 L T TR NG l t tr ng
b) nh d ng d li u ki u number + Cc ki u nh d ng Access cung c p s n K t Tc d ng General Number Hi n th ng nh s nh p vo C d u phn cch, d u th p phn v k Currency hi u ti n t . Hi n th gi ng nh cch nh d ng trong Fixed Regional Settings c a Control Panel, ph n s l th p phn ph thu c vo Decimal Gi ng nh d ng Fix, nhng c d u phn Standard cch hng ngn. Percent Hi n th s d ng ph n trm (%) Scientific Hi n th s d ng khoa h c
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V d : D ng General Number Currency Fixed Standard Percent Scientific D li u nh p vo 1234.5 1234.5 1234.5 1234.5 0.123 1234.5 Hi n th
1234.5 $1,234.50 1234.5 1,234.5 12.30% 1.23E+03
c) Cc k t nh d ng i v i d li u ki u s : K t .(period) ,(comma) 0 # $ % E+ E- e+ eKho ng tr ng (blank) Tc d ng D u ch m th p phn D u phn cch ngn S (0-9) S ho c kho ng tr ng (blank) D u$ Ph n trm S d ng khoa h c Kho ng tr ng
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+ Cc k t nh d ng:
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First: b tr ng, nh d ng trong m c ny khng nh h ng n d li u ki u Yes/No. Second: field h p n i dung field mang gi tr ng. Third: field h p n i dung field mang gi tr sai. V d : Chu i nh d ng ; Nam; N ; Bin ch ; Hi n th Field (True) Field (Fasle) Nam N Bin ch
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B t bu c nh p, k t ch . Khng b t bu c nh p, k t A-Z. B t bu c nh p, k t ch ho c s . Khng b t bu c nh p, k t ch ho c s . B t bu c nh p, k t b t k. Khng b t bu c nh p, k t b t k. D u phn cch th p phn, hng ngn. Ty thu c ., vo nh d ng c a Windows D u phn cch ngy, gi . Ty thu c vo nh /: d ng c a Windows Cc k t bn ph i c i thnh ch th ng < Cc k t bn ph i c i thnh ch hoa. > D li u ghi t ph i sang tri. ! K t theo sau d u \ s c a th ng vo d \<k t > li u Password Nh p d li u ki u m t kh u (ch hi n th d u *) L ? A a & C V d : Input Mask > L0L0L0 >L<?? D li u T2A3B4 Mai
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Cch t o: Trong c a s thi t k b ng, t i field mu n t o Lookup Wizard, c t Data type ch n Lookup Wizard. Xu t hi n c a s Lookup Wizard, v i hai ty ch n tng ng v i hai cch t o danh sch cho lookup field. N u ch n d li u ngu n cho field b ng cch l y gi tr t Table ho c Query khc th ch n ty ch n I want the lookup field to get the values from another table or query v click next. Ch n b ng ho c query cung c p gi tr cho lookup field, click Next. Ch n field ch a danh sch gi tr cho lookup field, click Next. Ch n field s p x p, click next.
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N u t o d li u ngu n cho lookup field b ng cch nh p b ng tay th trong c a s Lookup Wizard, ch n ty ch n I will type in the values that I want. Click Next. Nh p gi tr cho lookup field. Click Next. Nh p nhn cho lookup field, click Finish.
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Php ton v chu i: ton t Like (gi ng nh).C th s d ng ton t Like km v i cc k t thay th nh: D u *: thay th t t c cc k t . D u #: thay th cc k t s . D u ?: thay th k t t i v tr c d u ?.
2.5.9. AllowZeroLength:
Quy nh field c ki u text hay Memo c th c (yes) ho c khng c (no) chu i c di Zero. N u field l field kho th thu c tnh ny l No. Ch : C n phn bi t field c gi tr null (tr ng cha c d li u) v m t field ch a chu i c di l zero ( l chu i ). Khi hi n th ra mn hnh c hai c hnh th c gi ng nhau.
2.5.10. Index ( Ch m c/ S p x p)
Quy nh thu c tnh Index t o ch m c n (ch m c trn m t field). N u ch n No th khng s p x p d li u. N u ch n Yes (No Duplicates) th t o ch m c (s p x p) trn field v khng cho php cc gi tr trng nhau. N u ch n Yes (Duplicates Yes) th t o ch m c (s p x p) trn field v cho php cc gi tr trng nhau.
2.5.11. Caption:
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Qui nh nhn l m t chu i k t xu t hi n t i dng tn field. Chu i ny cng xu t hi n t i tiu c a cc i u khi n trong cc bi u m u ho c bo co. N u gi tr ny b tr ng th Access s l y tn field lm tiu .
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b ng
ch
B ng c m
Khi nh p d li u ph i nh p theo t ng Record, d li u nh p vo ph i th a mn cc thu c tnh c a b ng v thu c tnh c a field khi thi t k b ng. N u d li u khng th a mn th Access s thng bo l i. i v i field c ki u d li u OLE object: T i v tr nh p, click chu t ph i, Ch n Insert - Object. Ch n Create New n u mu n t o i t ng m i. Ch n Create from file n u mu n l y i t ng t t p tin trn a (th ng l hnh nh) ch n file c n s d ng.
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2.8.1. Cc lo i quan h
Trong Access t n t i 2 ki u quan h : quan h 1-1 (m t-m t) v quan h 1-n (m t-nhi u) Quan h 1-1: m t record c a b ng ny s lin k t v i duy nh t m t record c a b ng kia v ng c l i. V d :
Quan h 1-n: m i record c a b ng 1 s lin k t v i m t ho c nhi u record c a b ng n, ng c l i m t record c a b ng n ch lin k t v i duy nh t m t record trong b ng 1. V d :
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Th hi n d li u c a quan h 1-n
N u l l n u tin (CSDL cha c quan h ) th h p tho i Show Tables s xu t hi n. N u khng c c a s Show Table th Click nt Show Table trn thanh Ribbon. Tab Tables: hi n th t t c cc b ng trong c s d li u Tab Queries: hi n th cc truy v n t o trong c s d li u. Tab Both: hi n th t t c Table v Query.
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Ch n b ng ho c Query c n thi t l p quan h , click Add. Click nt Close ng c a s Show Table. C a s RelationShips ch a cc b ng mu n thi t l p quan h .
Drag chu t ko field quan h t b ng ny sang b ng kia. (vd: Ko field MaSV t b ng SINHVIEN sang MaSV c a b ng KETQUA). Xu t hi n c a s Edit RelationShips v i cc ty ch n: Enforce Referential Integrity n u mu n quan h c tnh rng bu c ton v n. Quan h c tnh rng bu c ton v n s m b o cc v n sau: + Khi nh p d li u, d li u c a field tham gia quan h b ng nhi u (b ng con) ph i t n t i trong b ng m t (b ng cha). V d : mu n nh p m t sinh vin cho b ng KETQUA th MaSV ph i t n t i trong b ng SINHVIEN. + Khng th xa nh ng m u tin trong b ng m t khi nh ng m u tin trong b ng nhi u c quan h v i m u tin bn m t N u vi ph m cc nguyn t c trn th Access s khng nh n d li u v thng bo l i.
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Cascade Update Related Field: cho php b n s a gi tr kha chnh c a m u tin trong b ng m t (b ng cha) c a quan h , lc thay v bo l i Access s t ng c p nh t s thay i vo cc field tng ng (c quan h ) trn cc b ng nhi u (b ng con) c a quan h . Cascade Delete Related Records: cho php b n xa m u tin trong b ng m t (b ng cha) c a quan h , lc thay v bo l i, Access s t ng xa t t c cc m u tin trong b ng nhi u (b ng con) c a quan h n u nh nh ng m u tin c lin quan v i m u tin v a xa. Lu : + N u c hai field tham gia lin k t u l kha chnh, Access t t o ra quan h 1-1 (One to one): m i m u tin trong b ng ny s quan h v i 1 v ch m t m u tin trong b ng kia. + N u m t bn l field kha chnh, bn cn l i l kha ngo i, Access s t o quan h 1-nhi u (One to many): M i m u tin trong b ng m t (b ng cha) c quy n quan h v i nhi u m u tin trong b ng nhi u (b ng con), ng c l i m i m u tin trong b ng nhi u ch c quy n quan h v i m t m u tin trong b ng m t.
Lu :
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N u nh p d li u tr c khi t o quan h th khi nh p li u ta c th nh p d li u cho cc b ng theo trnh t ty . Ng c l i, n u t o quan h tr c, nh p li u sau th khi nh p li u ta ph i nh p b ng 1 (b ng cha) tr c v b ng n (b ng con) sau.
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2.9. Cc thao tc v i b ng
ch Datasheet view
ch
a) Thay i font ch : Trn thanh Ribbon ch n tab Home. Trong nhm l nh Text Formatting, ch n font ch cho Table v cc nh d ng khc.
Click nt trn nhm Text Formatting s xu t hi n c a s Datasheet Formatting cho php b n hi u ch nh cc thu c tnh c a Datasheet nh mu n n , mu l i, b) Thay i r ng c t: Khi t o b ng b ng Datasheet View th Access t o b ng v i cc c t c r ng m c nh, n u r ng c a c t qu nh s lm cho d li u b che khu t. thay i r ng c a c t ta c th s d ng m t trong cc cch sau: Cch 1: t tr ng bin bn ph i c a c t, khi tr c d ng mi tn 2 chi u th drag chu t thay
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i r ng c a c t. Cch 2: Click ph i trn tn c a c t mu n thay i r ng v ch n Field width. Nh p kch th c c a c t vo Column Width. c) Thay i v tr c t: Click vo tiu c t. Drag thay i v tr c t (chu t v n ang Ch n c t mu n n. Trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm l nh Records, click nt More, ch n l nh Hide fields. Mu n hi n th t i c t b n, ta lm tng t nh thao tc n c t, nhng trong menu l nh c a nt More ta ch n l nh Unhide fields. e) C nh v b c nh c t: Ch n c t c n c nh. Trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm l nh Records, click nt More, ch n l nh Freeze Fields. Ng c l i, mu n b c nh c t ta ch n l nh UnFreeze All Fields. f) Thay i chi u cao dng: t con tr vo ng bin c a dng sao cho xu t hi n mi tn 2 chi u, Drag thay i chi u cao c a dng.
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2.9.2. S p x p
a) S p x p theo m t field t tr t i field ch a d li u c n s p x p Click nt sort Ascending (s p x p tng d n)/Sort
Descending (s p x p gi m d n) trong nhm l nh sort & Filter trn thanh Ribbon. b) S p x p theo nhi u fields s p x p theo nhi u field, trong nhm l nh sort & Filter trn thanh Ribbon, click nt l nh Advanced filter options Ch n l nh Filter/Sort Advanced
ch n ki u s p x p.
th c hi n s p x p ta ch n l nh Apply Filter/Sort V d : S p x p d li u trong b ng HoaDon theo chi u tng d n c a MaKH, n u trng MaKH th s p x p theo MaNV tng d n, n u trng MaNV th s p x p theo NgayLapHD gi m d n.
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2.9.3. Tm ki m v thay th :
a) Tm ki m: tm m t gi tr trong b ng ta click nt Find trong nhm l nh Find trn thanh Ribbon . Xu t hi n c a s Find and Replace.
Find What: Nh p gi tr c n tm Look In: Ph m vi tm ki m. Ki u so trng gi tr c n tm v i gi tr trong Search: h ng tm Match Case: Tm phn bi t ch hoa v ch th ng Click nt Find Next th c hi n tm ki m, n u tm h t access s cho xu t hi n h p thng bo hon t t vi c tm ki m.
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Replace With: Nh p gi tr c n thay th . Click nt Replace thay th gi tr c tm th y hi n t i. Click nt Replace All thay th ton b cc gi tr c tm th y.
2.9.4. L c d li u
a) Filter by selection Filter by selection gip b n ch n ra nh ng Record d a trn m t gi tr hi n hnh. Cch th c hi n: t tr t i field ch a gi tr l c, ch n gi tr lm i u ki n l c. Click nt l nh Seletion trong nhm l nh Sort & Filter trn thanh Ribbon. Ch n m t trong cc l nh trong menu: Equals : l c cc records c gi tr b ng v i gi tr c ch n. Does Not Equal: l c cc records c gi tr khc v i gi tr c ch n.
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Contains : l c cc records ch a gi tr c ch n. Does Not Contains : l c cc records khng ch a gi tr c ch n. Ngoi ra, cng c th l c b ng cch click nt cng c Selection button bn ph i tn field. nh d u check vo gi tr lm i u ki n l c. Click OK b) Filter by form Filter by form gip b n l c b ng cch nh p gi tr l c vo m t dng trn Datasheet. Click nt Advanced trong nhm l nh Sort & Filter, ch n l nh Filter By Form. Chuy n d ng Datasheet c a b ng thnh m t dng tr ng, v xu t hi n cc nt Dropdown list trn m i field cho php ch n gi tr l c.
N u l c theo nhi u gi tr th click tab Or v ch n gi tr lm i u ki n l c ti p theo. Click nt Toggle Filter th c hi n l c. c) Advanced filter
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Ch c nng Advanced filter cho php l c v i nhi u i u ki n nhi u field khc nhau. Click nt Advanced, ch n l nh Advanced filter/Sort, xu t hi n c a s Filter, v i cc dng: Field: Nh p tn cc field ch a i u ki n l c Sort: Ch n ki u s p x p (n u c yu c u) Criteria: Nh p i u ki n l c. N u cc i u ki n l c cc field b t bu c th a mn ng th i (v) th cc i u ki n ph i c nh p trn cng m t dng. N u cc i u ki n khng th a mn ng th i (ho c) th nh p trn khc dng V d : L c cc nh ng sinh vin c mn h c CSDL v i m thi l n 1>=5.
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Chng 3
TON T
3.1. Ton t 3.1.1. Ton t s h c
Ton t + * / \ Mod ^ M t C ng 2 ton h ng Tr 2 ton h ng Nhn 2 ton h ng Chia 2 ton h ng Php chia nguyn Chia l y ph n d L y th a V d [lng]+[thng] [lng]-[t m ng] [h s ]*[lng cb] 15.2/2 5\2 5Mod 2 4^2
-HM -BI U TH C
V d ="MN"
<10 <=10 >10 >=10 <>10
M t Tm nh ng record c gi tr l MN.
Tm nh ng record c gi tr <10. Tm nh ng record c gi tr <=10. Tm nh ng record c gi tr >10. Tm nh ng record c gi tr >=10. Tm nh ng record c gi tr khc10.
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LIKE IS NULL
Tm nh ng record c gi tr trong kho ng 1/1/99 v 12/31/99. Tm nh ng record ch a text c b t u b ng k t "S." Tm nh ng record c gi tr r ng Tm nh ng record c gi tr trong danh sch li t k.
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nh d ng bi u th c theo cc d ng th c thch h p. Tr v phin b n ch m t chu i. Tr v phin b n ch th ng c a m t chu i. Chuy n m t s thnh m t chu i. Chuy n m t chu i thnh m t s
3.2.2. Hm ngy gi
Hm Date() Day(exp) Month(exp) Year(exp) ngha Hm tr v k t qu l ngy hi n hnh c a my.
Tr v ngy trong thng.
V d Date()
Day(#6/12/2010#)
Month(#6/12/2010#) Year(#6/12/2010#)
d: tr v ngy trong bi u Datepart(q,#6/12/ th c ngy 2010#) m: tr v thng trong bi u th c ngy datePart(d/ ww: tr v tu n trong m/ww/q/yyy bi u th c ngy y, exp) q: tr v qu trong bi u th c ngy yyyy: tr v nm trong bi u th c ngy
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3.2.3. Hm i u ki n
IIf(<Bi u th c i u ki n>, <gi tr 1>, <gi tr 2>) Hm IIF tr v m t trong 2 gi tr : gi tr 1 ho c gi tr 2, ty thu c vo gi tr c a Bi u th c i u ki n. Bi u th c i u ki n: l m t bi u th c logic cho k t qu l True ho c False. Gi tr 1: gi tr tr v c a hm IIF n u Bi u th c i u ki n c gi tr l true. Gi tr 2: gi tr tr v c a hm IIF n u Bi u th c i u ki n c gi tr l false V d : IIF([i m]>=5, u, R t)
3.2.4. Hm c s d li u
Hm Dcount: m s Record trong ph m vi xc nh theo i u ki n. M c nh, hm khng m cc record c gi tr Null. N u dng k t i di n *, hm s m cc record c gi tr Null.
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3.3. Bi u th c
Trong Access, m t bi u th c tng ng v i m t cng th c trong Excel. M t bi u th c bao g m cc y u t nh danh (tn c a cc field, i u khi n, ho c thu c tnh), cc ton t , cc h ng s , v gi tr v cc hm. M t bi u th c c tnh ton l y gi tr cung c p cho m t query, xc nh quy t c, t o cc ho c field tnh ton, v xc nh phn nhm cho report. V d : T o field tnh ton: ThanhTien: [soluong]*[dongia] M t bi u th c c th s d ng nhi u i t ng trong c s d li u nh: tables, queries, forms, reports, v macros. Trong cc bi u th c, tn field, tn i u khi n ph i c t trong d u ngo c vung [], thng th ng Access s t ng ngo c vung quanh tn field ho c tn i u khi n nhng n u tn field ho c i u khi n bao g m cc kho ng tr ng ho c cc k t c bi t, th b n ph i t g d u ngo c [] quanh tn .
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Chng 4
QUERY-TRUY V N D
4.1. Khi ni m
M c ch chnh c a m t c s d li u l lu tr v trch l c thng tin. Thng tin c th c l y t c s d li u ngay l p t c sau khi d li u c thm vo. T t nhin, l y thng tin t cc b ng c s d li u i h i ki n th c v cch th c m c s d li u c thi t k . Query l cc cu l nh SQL (Structured Query Language - ngn ng truy v n mang tnh c u trc) l m t lo i ngn ng ph bi n t o, hi u ch nh, v truy v n d li u t m t c s d li u quan h . Trong access, Query l m t cng c m nh dng khai thc v x l d li u, p ng cc nhu c u tra c u d li u, g m cc lo i query: simple select queries, parameter queries, crosstab queries v action queries.
LI U
4.2. Cc lo i query
Select query: l truy v n l a ch n thng tin t m t ho c nhi u b ng, t o ra m t recordset. Ni chung, d li u tr v c a m t truy v n l a ch n l c th c p nh t v th ng c s d ng a cc form v report. Total query: l m t lo i c bi t c a truy v n ch n. Th c hi n ch c nng t ng h p d li u trn m t nhm cc record. Crosstab query: l lo i query c th hi n th d li u d i d ng tm t t nh m t b ng tnh, v i cc tiu hng v tiu c t d a trn cc field trong b ng. D li u trong cc c a Recordset c tnh ton t d li u trong cc b ng. Top (n) query: Top (n) cho php b n ch nh m t s ho c t l ph n trm c a record m b n mu n tr v t b t k lo i truy v n khc (select query, total query, ). Action query: g m cc lo i query nh Make-Table, Delete, Update, Append cho php b n t o ra cc b ng m i ho c thay i d li u trong cc b ng hi n c c a c s d li u. action
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Ch n cc b ng ch a cc field m b n mu n hi n th trong k t qu , ho c cc field c n trong cc bi u th c tnh ton. Click nt Add thm cc b ng vo c a s thi t k query. Sau khi ch n cc b ng ho c query c n thi t, click nt close ng c a s Show Table. Ch n cc field c n hi n th trong k t qu vo l i thi t k b ng cch drag chu t ko tn field trong field list ho c double click vo tn field. Nh p i u ki n l c t i dng Criteria. Click nt View xem tr c k t qu , click nt run th c thi.
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Table/query pane: khung ch a cc b ng ho c query tham gia truy v n. L i thi t k (Query by Example: QBE) : Ch a tn field tham gia vo truy v n v b t k tiu chu n c s d ng ch n cc records. M i c t trong l i QBE ch a thng tin v m t field duy nh t t m t b ng ho c query trn Table/query pane. L i thi t k bao g m cc thnh ph n:
Field list Table/Query pane
L i QBE
Field: l ni m cc tn field c t o vo ho c thm vo v hi n th trong k t qu truy v n. Table: hi n th tn c a cc b ng ch a cc field tng ng trn dng Field. Sort: ch nh ki u s p x p d li u c a cc field trong query. Show: quy t nh hi n th cc field trong Recordset. Criteria: Nh p cc i u ki n l c cc record. Or: thm cc i u ki n l c tng ng v i php OR, n u cc bi u th c i u ki n cc field cng t trn m t dng th tng ng v i php AND.
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b) Di chuy n field: Drag chu t trn tn field di chuy n c) Chn thm field ho c xa field: Chn thm field: click nt Insert Columns, m c nh c t m i s c chn vo tr c field hi n hnh. Xa field: ch n field c n xa, click nt Delete Columns. d) T o nhn cho field: lm cho b ng d li u truy v n d dng hn c, b n c th cung c p cc nhn cho cc field trong truy v n i u ny khng nh h ng n tn c a field ho c cch d li u c lu tr v s d ng truy c p. Click ph i trn tn field, ch n properties T i thu c tnh Caption, nh p nhn cho field. e) Thm Table/Query vo truy v n: Khi thi t k query, n u c n ch n thm b ng, click nt Show Table trong nhm l nh Query Setup. f) Xa Table/Query trong kh i truy v n: Click ph i trn Table/Query c n xa, ch n Remove Table.
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4.3.3. Cch nh p bi u th c i u ki n
Ngoi vi c s d ng cc truy v n ch n cc field hi n th cc thng tin c n thi t, b n cn c th s d ng cc truy v n hi n th m t s cc record theo m t i u ki n no . Bi u th c i u ki n l cc quy t c l c p d ng cho d li u khi chng c chi t xu t t c s d li u, nh m gi i h n cc record tr v c a truy v n. V d : ng i dng ch mu m xem thng tin v cc sinh vin c a m t l p CDTHA. Bi u th c i u ki n c nh p trn dng Criteria v dng Or c a l i thi t k query v t i c t ch a gi tr c a bi u th c i u ki n l c. V d : Chu i i u ki n CDTHA l gi tr trong field Malop, do chu i CDTHA c nh p trn dng Critetia t i c t Malop.
a) Cc lo i d li u dates, times, text, v gi tr trong bi u th c i u ki n: Ki u d li u V d Text Text Date #1-Feb-2010# Time #12:00AM# Number 10 Field name [field name]
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[Ngaylaphd]=#01/01/08# [Ngaylaphd]<#01/01/08#
Year([ngaysinh])<=1980 [soluong]>50 [dongia]>=100 [donvitinh]<>Kg
nhi u fields
Khi b n mu n gi i h n cc records d a trn nhi u i u ki n nhi u field khc nhau, th Access s k t h p cc i u ki n l i v i nhau b ng cch s d ng ton t And v Or, cho hai tr ng h p: N u cc i u ki n ph i c tho mn ng th i th cc i u ki n ph i c lin k t nhau b i php AND, b ng cch nh p cc i u ki n trn cng m t dng Criteria trong l i thi t k query. V d : Tm nh ng sinh vin c i m mn CSDL >=5
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N u ch c n th a mn m t trong cc i u ki n th cc i u ki n c lin k t nhau b i php OR, b ng cch nh p cc i u ki n trn cc dng khc nhau trong l i thi t k query. V d : Tm nh ng sinh vin c i m mn CSDL ho c CTDL >=5
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100 : Hi n th 100 record u tin. 5% : Hi n th 5% record u tin trn t ng s record. 25% : Hi n th 25% record u tin trn t ng s record. N u cc record thu c Top Values c gi tr trng nhau th chng cng xu t hi n trong k t qu . N u mu n ch xu t hi n duy nh t m t record trong cc record c gi tr trng nhau ta click ph i trong c a s thi t k query ch n properties, t i thu c tnh Unique Values ch n yes.
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Group by
Sau khi t ng h p d li u ta c k t qu : M L p Tn L p CDTH1A Cao ng Tin H c 1A CDTH1B Cao ng Tin H c 1B CDTH2A Cao ng Tin H c 2A TongsoSV 4 5 4
Count
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Ch n Query Tools, ch n tab Design. nhm l nh Trong Show/Hide, click nt Totals. Trn l i thi t k query xu t hi n thm dng Total. T i m i field, ch n cc ty ch n trn dng Total.
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c a nhm. Expression Dng cho field ch a bi u th c tnh ton. Dng cho field ch a i u ki n dng l c Where Record tr c khi tnh ton v khng hi n th trong k t qu .
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4.6.2. Cch t o:
a) T o Crosstab query b ng ch c nng Wizard: Trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Create. Trong nhm l nh Query, ch n Query Wizard. Trong c a s New Query, ch n Crosstab Query Wizard OK.
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Ch n field lm Row heading trong khung Available Fields Click nt > ch n field. Click Next.
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Ch n field ch a d li u th ng k trong khung Fields. Ch n hm th ng k trong khung Function Next Nh p tn cho query v click nt Finish k t thc. H n ch khi t o crosstab query b ng wizard: N u cc field trong Crosstab query c l y t nhi u b ng ho c trong query c ch a cc i u ki n l c d li u th ph i t o m t select query ch a t t c cc field v cc i u ki n, sau l y select query ny lm d li u ngu n t o crosstab query. b) T o Crosstab query b ng Design M t crosstab query c n t nh t l 3 field: M t field l y gi tr lm tiu cho c t g i l column heading. M t field (ho c nhi u field) l y gi tr lm tiu cho dng g i l row heading. M t field ch a d li u th ng k (Value) V d :
Column heading
Row heading
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Value
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t o m t Crosstab query b ng Design View ta th c hi n nh sau: Trong c a s thi t k Query, trn thanh Ribbon, ch n Query Tools, ch Tab Design. Trong nhm l nh Query Type, ch n Crosstab. Trong l i thi t k query xu t hi n thm dng Crosstab v dng Total.
Ch nh ch c nng cho cc field: i v i cc field lm row heading v column heading th trn dng Total ta ch n ch c nng Group by, trn dng Crosstab, ch nh ch c nng Row Heading ho c Column Heading. i v i field ch a d li u th ng k th trn dng Total, ch n hm th ng k (Sum, Avg, Count, Min, Max, ), trn dng Crosstab ch n Value. i v i cc field ch a i u ki n l c d li u th trn dng Total ch n Where, cc field ny s khng xu t hi n trong k t qu . Lu : Row Heading v Column Heading c th hon i nhau, nhng i v i nh ng field ch a nhi u gi tr th nn ch n lm Row Heading.
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Cch t o: Trong c a s lm vi c c a Access, trn thanh Ribbon, ch n tab Create. Trong nhm l nh Queries click nt Query Wizard. Trong c a s New Query ch n Find Unmatched query Wizard OK. Xu t hi n c a s Find Unmatched query wizard. Ch n b ng 1 l b ng ch a cc record c n tm Next Ch n b ng n l b ng ch a record quan h Next V d : tm nhng sinh vin cha thi, b ng 1 l b ng SINHVIEN, b ng n l b ng KETQUA, field quan h l field MASV Ch n field quan h gi a hai b ng Next. Ch n cc field hi n th trong k t qu Next. Nh p tn cho query Finish.
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b) Cch t o Trong c a s lm vi c c a Access, trn thanh Ribbon ch n tab Create, trong nhm l nh Queries, click nt Query Design. Ch n cc b ng ch a d li u mu n c p nh t. Ribbon Thanh chuy n sang tab Design Trong nhm l nh Query Type, Click nt Update, Trong l i thi t k xu t hi n dng Update to. Ch n field ch a d li u c n c p nh t v cc field ch a i u ki n. T i field ch a d li u mu n c p nh t v trn dng Update to ta nh p bi u th c c p nh t d li u.
c) Th c thi Update Query: Click nt run th c thi query. Khi th c thi query s xu t hi n h p tho i thng bo s record c Update.
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Trong l i thi t k xu t hi n dng Append to, ch a tn cc field tng ng trong b ng c s n. c) Th c thi Append query Click nt run th c thi query. Xu t hi n h p thng bo s record c n i vo.
N u ng a) Ch c nng:
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Chng 5
FORM-BI U M U
5.1. Gi i thi u
Form l giao di n chnh dng giao ti p gi a ng i dng v ng d ng, form c s d ng nh p d li u, xem thng tin, ch nh s a d li u, hi n th thng bo, i u khi n ng d ng, thi t k form c n ph i ch n d li u ngu n cho form, d li u ngu n c a form c th l table ho c query. N u d li u ngu n l cc field trn m t b ng th l y b ng lm d li u ngu n, n u d li u ngu n l cc field trn nhi u b ng th ph i t o query lm d li u ngu n cho form.
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N u d li u ngu n c a form l b ng cha c lin k t v i b ng con, th k t qu form s hi n th cc record quan h trong b ng con. V d :
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Finish.
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b) Design view Khi thi t k form b ng Design view th cc control khi th vo form n khng t ng canh theo hng v c t nh Blank Form.
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Cch t o: Ch n tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Design View trong nhm l nh Forms. Xu t hi n m t form tr ng ch Design view. Drag chu t ko cc field t field list vo form.
c) Cc ph n trong c a s thi t k form Form header: Ch a n i dung tiu c a form. chn n i dung vo tiu c a form ta s d ng cc cng c trong nhm l nh Header/Footer Form footer: Ch a n i dung c a ph n cu i form, th ng t cc tnh ton th ng k d li u cho form trong ph n form footer. b t ho c t t thanh form Header/Footer click ph i trn thanh Header/Footer c a form, ch n ho c b ch n l nh Form Header/Footer.
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Detail: ch a n i dung chnh c a form, ph n ny hi n th n i dung trong d li u ngu n c a form ho c cc control a vo t toolbox. d) Thi t l p thu c tnh c a form Ch n form c n thi t l p thu c tnh. Click nt Properties Sheet. Ch n thu c tnh. Cc thu c tnh trong Properties Sheet c hi n th theo t ng nhm. e) Cc thu c tnh quan tr ng trong nhm Format: Thu c tnh Cng d ng Caption T o tiu cho form. Thi t l p d ng hi n th c a form. Single Form ch hi n th m t Record t i m t th i i m. Default view Continuous Form: hi n th cc record lin ti p nhau. Datasheet hi n th d li u d ng b ng. Scroll Bar Thi t l p ch hi n th thanh cu n. Record B t/t t thanh ch n record. Selectors Navigation B t/t t cc nt duy t record. Buttons Dividing lines B t/t t cc ng k phn cch cc ph n c a form. Auto Center T ng hi n th form ngay gi a mn hnh. Border Style Ch n ki u ng vi n c a form. Min Max botton B t/t t nt Max/Min. Close Button B t/t t nt close form. Picture Canh v tr cho cc picture trn form. Alignment
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f) Cc thu c tnh thng d ng trong nhm Data Thu c tnh Cng d ng Record Source Ch n d li u ngu n cho form. Filter Khai bo i u ki n l c. Order by Khai bo field c n s p x p s li u. Allow filter Cho php/khng cho php l c cc record. Allow Edits Cho php/ khng cho php ch nh s a. Allow Additions Cho php nh p thm cc record hay khng.
5.3. S d ng Form
M t form khi thi t k xong, n c ba d ng xem: Layout view, Design view, Form view. Layout view: cho php b n xem nh ng g trng gi ng nh form c a b n, s p x p l i cc field, v p d ng nh d ng. Design view: cho php b n tinh ch nh l i form, trong ch design view, b n khng nhnh th y d li u th c. Form view: hai d ng form Layout view v Design view gip b n hi u ch nh thi t k form, th Form view l d ng form c s d ng th c hi n cc thao tc trn d li u thng qua form.
5.3.1. Tm ki m v ch nh s a m t record
a) S d ng form tm ki m m t record M form d ng form view. Ch n tab Home trn thanh Ribbon. t tr trong field ch a d li u c n tm, Click nt Find trong nhm l nh Find. Xu t hi n c a s Find and Replace. Find What: nh p gi tr c n tm. Look in: Ph m vi tm ki m. Search: H ng tm Match: Ch n cch so trng gi tr nh p trong Find What v i gi tr trong field ch a d li u c n tm.
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b) Thay th ho c ch nh s a d li u Khi tm th y record c n tm, b n th c hi n ch nh s a th gi tr sau khi ch nh s a s c p nh t xu ng b ng. N u c n thay th gi tr th ch n tab Replace trong c a s Find and Replace. Nh p gi tr c n thay th trong Replace with Click nt Replace ho c Replace All n u c n thay t t c gi tr trong b ng.
M form ch form view click nt New Record trn thanh Navigation button bn d i c a s form. Form s chuy n n record tr ng, cho php b n nh p d li u. Tuy nhin khi nh p d li u ph i th a mn cc rng bu c trong c s d li u.
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5.3.3. Xa m t record
Di chuy n n record c n xa. Trong nhm l nh Record trn thanh Ribbon, ch n l nh Delete Ch n Delete Record. Tuy nhin khi xa record ph i xem xt nh h ng n cc Record quan h .
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i v i cc control c s tr gip c a Control Wizard th c th thi t k b ng hai cch: Design ho c Wizard b ng cch b t t t nt Cotrol Wizard.
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Trung tm Tin h c ngha C 2 lo i Bound control: ch a n i dung c a field Unbound control: khng c d li u ngu n, th ng dng nh p cng th c tnh ton. S d ng t o nhn ho c hyperlink Nt l nh dng th c hi n l nh khi click Hi n th d li u thnh t ng nhm trn nhi u tab khc nhau. T o hyperlink C a s trnh duy t Tab dng hi n th From ho c Report trong c s d li u. Nhm cc ty ch n Ng t trang L m t Drop-down menu cho php ch n m t ty ch n trong danh sch ho c nh p thm ty ch n m i T o m t th b ng wizard V ng th ng Nt c hai tr ng thi on/off L m t Drop-down menu cho php ch n m t ty ch n trong danh sch nhng khng c nh p thm gi tr m i V hnh ch nh t H p ch n, c hai tr ng thi check v uncheck Cho php nhng cc i t ng t cc ph n m m khc nh: graph, picture, -84-
Textbox
Label Button Tab Hyperlink Web Browser Navigation Option group Page Break Combo box Char Line Toggle button List box Rectangle Check box Unbound object frame
Trung tm Tin h c m n khng c lu tr trong field c a b ng S d ng cho nh ng field c ki u Attachment L m t thnh ph n c a option group Dng t o subform ho c subreport Cho php nhng cc i t ng t cc ph n m m khc nh: graph, picture, m n c lu tr trong field c a b ng Hnh lo i Bitmap
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+ Duplicate Record: T o cc record c gi tr trng t t c cc field. + Print Record: + Save Record: lu nh ng thay i tr c khi chuy n n record ti p theo. + Undo Record: H y s thay i sau cng. Form Operations: g m cc l nh v form + CloseForm: ng form hi n hnh. + Print Current Form: in form hi n hnh. + Open Form: M m t form khc. Report Operations: g m cc l nh v Report + Open Report: m report. + Preview Report: xem m t report tr c khi in. + Print Report: in report. Application: g m l nh lin quan n ng d ng nh Quit Application. Miscellaneous: ch a nh ng l nh t ng h p + Run Query + Run Macro. Ch n l nh cho nt trong khung Action, click Next. Ch n Text ho c Picture hi n th trn nt, click Next. t tn cho nt, Finish. b) T o b ng design T t nt wizard. Ch n nt button trong nhm controls. Drag chu t v vo form. Gn l nh b ng cch click ph i trn nt, ch n Build event. Ch n Macro builder, Trong khung New Action, ch n l nh Close Window. i n cc argument vo cc khung
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Ch n v tr lu tr gi tr c a option group, click Next. Ch n lo i option trong option group v style cho option group, cc option ny c hnh d ng khc nhau nhng ch c nng l gi ng nhau, click Next. Nh p nhn cho Option group, click Finish.
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b) T o b ng design T t nt Control Wizard. Click nt Option group trong nhm Controls v vo form. Ch n lo i Option v vo trong khung c a Option group. M Properties Sheet c a Option group v thi t l p cc thu c tnh sau: Control source: ch n field ch a d li u ngu n cho option group. L n l t ch n t ng option v gn gi tr cho thu c tnh option value.
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i u ch nh r ng c a c t d li u trong combo box. Hide key column (recommended): n ho c hi n c t kha. M c nh m c Hide key column c ch n (c t kha b n), n u mu n combo box hi n th field kha th b check, click Next.
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Ch n field ch a gi tr c a combo box, click Next. Nh p nhn cho combo box, click Finish. N u ch n I will type in the values that I want, th sau khi ch n xong, click Next. Nh p s c t trong Number of columns, Nh p gi tr cho cc c t trong combo box, click Next. Nh p
combo Finish. nhn box, cho click
b) T o b ng Design: T t nt wizard. Click nt combo box trong nhm Controls drag chu t v vo form. S d ng Properties Sheet thi t l p cc thu c tnh sau: Thu c tnh ngha Ch n field d li u ngu n c a Combo box ControlSource (list box). RowSource Lo i d li u ngu n: Table, Query, Field list, Type Value list Gi tr c a c t c tr v khi ch n m t m c BoundColumn ch n trong combo box (list box). ColumnCount S c t hi n th trong combo box (list box).
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RowSource
Ngu n d li u c a combo box (list box). N u RowSourceType l Value List th nh p danh sch cc gi tr cch nhau b ng d u ch m ph y. N u l Table/Query th ph i ch n tn b ng, tn query hay cu l nh SQL.
V d : T o form ha n l y d li u ngu n t b ng HoaDon, khi t o combo box MaKH ta thi t l p cc thu c tnh sau:
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control
Ch n cng c SubForm/SubReport trong nhm Controls v vo Form, xu t hi n c a s SubForm Wizard v i hai ty ch n: Use existing Tables and Queries (s d ng b ng v cc query lm d li u ngu n cho subform) Next.
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Ch n b ng ho c query lm d li u ngu n cho sub form, trong b ng ho c query ph i c field lin k t v i main form Next. Ch n field lin k t v i subform Next. Nh p tn cho subform Finish. Use an existing form: s d ng form c s n lm subform. Ch n form lm subform Next Nh p tn cho SubForm Finish b) T o b ng Design: N u d li u ngu n c a subform c l y t nhi u b ng th ph i t o query, trong query ph i ch a field lin k t v i main form (link child filed) D ng c a subform th hi n quan h n, do th ng ch n d ng Datasheet ho c Tabular. ch design, ch n cng c M main form subform/Subreport trong nhm Controls drag chu t v vo main form. M Properties Sheet v thi t l p cc thu c tnh: Source object: Ch n Table/Query lm d li u ngu n cho Subform, ho c ch n form n u thi t k form lm subform. Link child field: nh p tn c a field trong subform lin k t v i main form Link master field: nh p tn field c a main form lin k t v i subform.
5.6.2. Hi u ch nh subform:
Khi ch nh thu c tnh Source Object cho Subform th form xu t hi n v i d ng m c nh c quy nh trong thu c tnh Default view. Tuy nhin, n u b n mu n s d ng m t form hon ton ring bi t b n c th ty bi n n.
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Tr c khi t tnh ton t ng h p d li u trn Mainform th gi tr c a n ph i c tnh trong Subform. tnh ton t ng h p d li u ph i c t trong ph n footer c a Subform. V d : m t ng s sinh vin theo l p.
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Sau , trn Mainform b n chn m t text box v i ControlSource c thi t l p gi tr nh sau: =[SubformName].Form![ControlName_inSubform]
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thay i nhn c a Navigation button, b n double click vo nhn v nh p tn m i. T o kho ng cch gi a cc navigation button b ng cch ch n Form Layout Tools, ch n tab ArrangeControl Padding, ch n lo i kho ng cch.
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Trong nhm l nh Form Design Tools, ch n tab Design. Click nt Button, drag chu t v vo form. Xu t hi n c a Button wizard. Trong Categories, nhm l nh Operation. s
khung ch n Form
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cc record quan h . Click Next. Ch n ty ch n: Open the form and find specific data to display. Click Next. Ch n field quan h gi a hai form, l field m d a trn gi tr c a n l c ra cc record quan h trong Subform. Click Next. Text/Picture Ch n hi n th trn Button. Click Next. Nh p tn cho nt, Click Finish. V d : Trong form Danh sch l p, click nt Danh sch sinh vin c a l p s m form ch a cc sinh vin c a l p trong mainform
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Chng 6
REPORT - BO CO
6.1. Gi i thi u
Report l cng c t o cc bo co, k t xu t d li u ra mn hnh ho c my in cung c p m t hard copy c a d li u. Gi ng nh form, d li u ngu n c a report c th l b ng ho c l query. Report cung c p m t cch linh ho t nh t xem v in thng tin t ng h p. N hi n th thng tin chi ti t theo m c m ng i dng mong mu n, cho php b n xem ho c in thng tin theo nhi u nh d ng khc nhau. C 4 lo i Report c b n: Tabular reports. Columnar reports. Mailing-label reports.
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Ch n d ng Report Layout: g m 3 d ng Columnar, Tabular, Justified. Orientation: ch n h ng trang in Portrait (trang ng), Landscape (trang ngang). Click Next. Nh p tiu cho report Ch n ch xem report sau khi t o xong Preview the report. Modify the reports design. Click Finish k t thc.
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L n l t drag chu t ko cc field trong field list ho c cc control trong nhm l nh Controls trn thanh Ribbon th vo report. b) Cc ph n trong c a s thi t k report M t report g m cc ph n: Page Header/Footer, Report Header/Footer, Detail, Group Header/Footer (Cc report c phn nhm).
Page Header/Footer: Ch a tiu u trang v cu i trang. N i dung t trong ph n Page Header/Footer s xu t hi n u v cu i m i trang.
Report header
Page header
Page footer
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Cc n i dung th ng t trong Page Header/Footer. + Page Numbers: Chn s trang. + Logo: chn Logo cho Report. + Title: chn tiu cho Report. + Date and Time: Chn ngy gi hi n hnh c a my. Lu : Page Header khng ch a cc th ng k d li u. Report Header/Footer: Tiu u v cu i report, n i dung t trong Report Header/Footer ch xu t hi n ph n u c a trang u tin v ph n cu i trang c a trang cu i cng. Cc n i dung th ng t trong Report Header/Footer. + Cng th c tnh ton, th ng k d li u. Detail: ch a n i dung chnh c a report, hi n th d li u trong d li u ngu n d i d ng cc textbox bound control, m i textbox l m t field d li u ho c cc textbox d ng unbound control dng t o thm field m i. Group Header/Footer (Cc report c phn nhm): i v i cc report c phn nhm gi ng nh form d ng main-sub th ngoi cc ph n c b n cn c thm ph n k t nhm l group header/Footer. N i dung trong ph n group header/Footer l tiu c a nhm. Th ng k d li u theo nhm. c) Hi u ch nh Report hi u ch nh report, ta m report Ch n cc control mu n hi u ch nh. M Properties Sheet, ch n thu c tnh hi u ch nh. Cch hi u ch nh tng t nh i v i form. ch design view.
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trn.
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Click khung Add a Sort ch n field s p x p. Click nt Add a group ch n field k t nhm, ch n field k t nhm trong field list, trn c a s thi t k xu t hi n thanh group header. Khung Group, Sort and Total c d ng nh hnh:
M thanh group footer v th c hi n cc php th ng k b ng cch click nt More, c a s Group, Sort and Total c d ng:
Click nt with no Total m menu Totals: Total On: ch n field ch a d li u th ng k Type: Ch n php th ng k.
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Ch n v tr t cc th ng k b ng cch check vo cc ty ch n: + Show Grand Total: t th ng k trong ph n report header/footer. + Show group subtotal as % of Grand Total: t th ng k trong ph n report header/footer. + Show subtotal in group header: t th ng k trong ph n group header. + Show subtotal in group footer: t th ng k trong ph n group footer. Drag chu t ko cc field phn nhm a vo group header, v cc field cn l i a vo ph n detail. V d : thi t k report Ha n bn hng
N u c n thm field k t nhm th trong khung Group, Sort and Total click ti p trong Add a group ch n field ti p theo.
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6.3.3. SubReport
Subreport c tc d ng tng t nh Report grouping. S khc bi t duy nh t l t o cc report trong hai ph n ring bi t: Main Report v SubReport.
Main Report
SubReport
Cch t o: T o Main Report, d li u ngu n th ng l b ng cha. T o Sub Report, d li u ngu n ph i ch a field lin k t v i Main Report. a Sub Report vo Main Report c th dng cng c SubForm/SubReport trong nhm l nh Controls. Thi t l p thu c tnh Link child Fields v Link master Fields.
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N u d li u c quan h 1-n th access t phn nhm Next. Ch n thm field k t nhm th hai n u c yu c u (hi n th hai quan h 1-n), n u khng th click Next.
N u trong report c ch a field c d li u ki u s th trong c a s b c ny xu t hi n nt Summary Option Click nt Summary Options ch n php th ng k.
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Cc php th ng k g m: Sum, Avg, Min, Max. Trong m c Show c hai ty ch n Detail and Summary: hi n th chi ti t v th ng k d li u. Summary Only: ch hi n th th ng k d li u. Ch n xong click OK v click Next ti p t c. Ch n Layout cho report, c ba d ng Layout: Steped: tiu c a c tl pl i uc a m i trang. Block v Ouline: tiu c a c t l p l i trong t ng nhm. Orientation: ch n h ng gi y in. Portrait: trang ng. Landscape: trang ngang. Ch n xong click Next, nh p tiu cho report, click Finish.
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6.5. nh d ng report
Access 2010 cung c p m t cng c cho php nh d ng report v i cc m u phong ph v p gip b n c th nh d ng font ch v mu ch cho report m t cch nhanh chng v d dng.
Ch n kh i d li u c n t o l i. Click nt Gridline ch n ki u l i.
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Width Height Back Color Special Effect Border Style Border Color Border Width Fore Color Font Name Font Weight Font Italic Font Underline Text Align
Xc nh r ng c a control. Xc nh chi u cao c a control. Ch n mu n n c a control. Click nt ch n mu. Ch n hi u ng 3-D cho control. Ch nh ki u ng vi n c a control transparent lines, solid lines, dashed lines Mu ng vi n. r ng c a ng vi n. Ch nh mu cho vn b n trong cc control. Ch n font ch . Ch m. Ch nghing. G ch d i. Canh l cho vn b n trong control.
6.5.3.
nh d ng d li u
a) T o c t s th t Khi t o report c d ng danh sch, ngoi cc field trong c s d li u, ta c th t o thm c t s th t cho danh sch: M report ch design. T o m t textbox trong ph n detail Nhp n i dung cho textbox =1 Click ph i trn textbox properties ch n tab Data. T i thu c tnh Running Sum: ch n ki u nh s th t . No: khng nh s th t Over Group: nh s th t theo nhm, dng cho report c phn nhm. Over All: nh s th t trn ton b danh sch, dng cho report khng phn nhm.
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b) nh d ng d li u ki u Text nh d ng vn b n trong cc control dng thanh cng c trong nhm Text Formatting M report ch Design ho c Layout view. Ch n cc ch a vn b n c n nh d ng . Ch n font ch trong khung font, kch th c trong khung size... Ngoi ra cc nh d ng khc, c th s d ng menu t t khi click chu t ph i trn cc control c n nh d ng. c) nh d ng d li u c i u ki n V i cng c conditional formatting b n c th nh n m nh m t thng tin no theo cc nh d ng khc nhau. Ch n gi tr trong c t m b n mu n nh d ng Ch n Report Layout Tools, ch n tab Format Trong nhm l nh Control Formating, click nt Conditional Formatting. Xu t hi n c a s Condition Formating Rules Manager
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Select a rule type: ch n lo i rule Edit the rule decription: Nh p rule m i Ch n ki u nh d ng cho rule OK
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Chng 7
MACRO T P L NH
7.1. Gi i thi u
M t macro l m t t p h p c a m t ho c nhi u hnh ng th c hi n chnh xc theo m t trnh t t trn xu ng ph c v cc yu c u thao tc trn cc i t ng trong c s d li u. M t macro gip b n th c hi n cc cng vi c hng ngy b ng cch t ng ha chng. Thay v th c hi n b ng tay cc cng vi c l p i l p l i, b n c th ghi l i m t macro n gi n cho ton b cng vi c m t l n. Xy d ng macro bao g m cc hnh ng l a ch n t m t danh sch, v sau i n vo cc i s c a hnh ng. Gi s xy d ng m t form v i nt ng form b ng cch t o nt trn form v xy d ng m t macro ng form sau gn macro cho s ki n Click c a nt.
C 3 lo i Macro Standalone macros: L m t i t ng c a c s d li u, macro ny sau khi c t o v lu th n xu t hi n trong ph n Macro c a Navigation Pane.. Data macros: L lo i macro c lu tr nh m t ph n c a m t table. B n c th thi t k sao cho table th c thi macro tr c ho c sau khi m t record c thm, ch nh s a ho c xa
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Embedded macros: L lo i macro c lu tr nh m t ph n c a m t form ho c report. Macros ny ch th c thi khi form ho c report ho c m t i t ng trn form ho c report ch u tc ng c a m t s ki n.
Ch n Action trong khung Add New Action. ng v i nh ng Action khc nhau th xu t hi n cc cho b n ch n ho c nh p cc argument tng ng. V d : khi ch n Action l GotoRecord th s xu t hi n cc Argument nh hnh.
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Submacro. M t macro ch a nhi u Submacro bn trong n v v y m i Submacro thnh ph n bn trong ph i c phn bi t b ng m t tn ring. Cch t o: Trong c a s thi t k Macro, m khung Action Catalog b ng cch click nt Action Catalog trong tab Design trn thanh Ribbon.
Drag chu t ko Submacro trong khung Action Catalog vo c a s thi t k macro. Trong c a s thi t k xu t hi n khung Submacro. Nh p tn cho Submacro Ch n Action cho Submacro. Khi gn Submacro, ta truy xu t vo tn c a Submacro.
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Data Entry Operations DeleteRecord EditListItems SaveRecord Database Objects GotoControl GotoPage GotoRecord OpenForm OpenReport OpenTable PrintObject PrintPreview SelectObject SetProperty Filter/Query/Search ApplyFiler FindNextRecord FindRecord OpenQuery Refresh RemoveFilterSort SetFilter SetOrderBy ShowAllRecords
Macro Commands OnError RemoveAllTempVars RunDataMacro RunMenuCommand SetLocalVar SetTempVar StopAllMacros StopMacro System Commands Beep CloseDatabase QuitAccess User Interface Commands AddMenu BrowseTo LockNavigationPane MessageBox SetMenuItem UndoRecord Window Management CloseWindow MaximizeWindow MinimizeWindow MoveAndSizeWindow RetoreWindow.
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Mouse v Keyboard event Event Click DblClick MouseDown MouseMove MouseUp KeyDown KeyUp Form Event Event Open Load Resize Unload Close Activate GotFocus LostFocus Event ngha Khi form c m , nhng record u tin cha hi n th Khi form c load vo b nh nhng cha m Khi kch th c c a form thay i Khi ng form v record unload, v tr c khi form di chuy n kh i mn hnh Khi ng form Khi form nh n focus, tr thnh c a s active Khi form khng active Khi form m t focus ngha click chu t trn i t ng. Double click trn i t ng. Nh n phm c a chu t trn m t i t ng. Di chuy n chu t ngang i t ng. Th phm c a chu t khi ang tr n i t ng Nh n phm c a bn phm Th phm
Form Data Events ngha Khi di chuy n m t record khc n record Current hi n hnh BeforeInsert Sau khi d li u u tin c nh p vo new record v tr c khi record th c s c t o AfterInsert After the new record c thm vo b ng BeforeUpdate Tr c khi d li u thay i c c p nh t vo record.
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AfterUpdate Filter ApplyFilter Control Event Event BeforeUpdate AfterUpdate Change GotFocus LostFocus Click DblClick
Sau khi d li u thay i c c p nh t vo record. Khi filter c ch nh nhng tr c khi n c p d ng. Sau khi filter c p d ng vo form. ngha Tr c khi d li u trong control thay i th c p nh t vo recordset. Sau khi s thay i d li u c c p nh t vo recordset c a form. Khi n i dung trong text box thay i. Khi m t control nh n focus Khi m t control m t focus Khi click chu t Khi double click
7.3.1. Cch t o:
M b ng ch Design view b ng cch click ph i tr n tn c a Table trong Navigation Pane v ch n Design view. Click nt Create Data Macros trong nhm l nh Field, Record & Table Event. Xu t hi n danh sch cc s ki n (Event) c a data macro: After Insert After: Sau khi m t record m i c thm vo b ng. After Update: Sau khi b t k m t field trong b ng c uppdate. After Delete: Sau khi m t record trong b ng b xa
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Before Delete: Khi m t record trong b ng b xa. Before Change: Khi m t record trong b ng c uppdate. Ch n m t event trong danh sch. Xu t hi n c a s thi t k macro, ch n action cho macro theo yu c u. ng c a s thi t k macro, tr l i c a s thi t k b ng. ng c a s thi t k v lu sau m b ng l i ch datasheet view. V d : t o m t data macro ngn khng cho ng i nh p li u tr ng n v tnh.
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ExitForEachRecord: ForEachRecord duy t qua m t Recordset m n c tr v t m t Table ho c Query, cho php macro thay i d li u c a recordset. C nhi u tnh hu ng m data macro c n ph i thot kh i m t vng l p ForEachRecord tr c khi duy t n cu i recordset. V d m t data macro tm ki m m t gi tr trong m t b ng, v hai gi tr c tm th y, khng c c n ph i ti p t c vng l p th ExitForEachRecord c th c hi n theo m t i u ki n. LogEvent: T t c cc ng d ng c a Access 2010 bao g m m t b ng UsysApplicationLog c s d ng ghi l i cc l i data macro v c th c s d ng truy c p cc thng tin khc. LogEvent thm m t record vo USysApplicationLog b t c lc no b n mu n t m t data macro. SendEmail: g i m t e-mail b ng cch s d ng Microsoft Office Outlook. SetField: c p nh t gi tr c a m t field trong m t b ng. Nh ng argument c a SetField bao g m tn b ng v tn field, v gi tr m i gn cho field ny. SetLocalVar: Macro trong Access 2010 c th s d ng cc
bi n c c b khc. thng qua cc gi tr t m t ph n c a m t macro
StopAllMacros: K t thc cc Action th c hi n song song. RunDataMacro: i s duy nh t c a n l tn c a m t s data macro khc, n gi n ch g i macro v cho php n th c hi n cc Action c a n nh l m t ho t ng n l . OnError: Action chnh trong Access 2010 v x l l i macro.
OnError ch th cho Access ph i lm g khi l i x y ra trong qu trnh th c hi n macro.
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7.5.2. S p x p cc actions
Click vo b t k ph n no c a action, ngo i tr bn trong cc text box. Drag chu t ko action n v tr m i. Ho c click vo n, v sau s d ng ln v xu ng cc phm mi
tn trn bn phm ho c mi tn mu xanh trong c a s thi t k .
7.5.4. Xa m t action.
Ch n action c n xa Click nt delete bn ph i ho c nh n phm Delete
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Gi tr s 16 32 48 1 2 3 4 5
Bi u t ng v nt l nh trn h p thng bo Bi u t ng d u c m. (Stop) Bi u t ng d u h i. (Question) Bi u t ng d u c m thn. (Exclamation) G m hai nt OK, Cancel. G m ba nt Abort, Retry, Ignore. G m ba nt Yes, No, Cancel. G m hai nt Yes, No. G m hai nt Retry, Cancel.
c) Gi tr tr v c a hm l s ch n l a nt l nh trn h p thng bo Gi tr tr v c a hm MsgBox 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S l a ch n nt l nh trn h p thng bo Ng i s d ng ch n nt OK. Ng i s d ng ch n nt Cancel. Ng i s d ng ch n nt Abort. Ng i s d ng ch n nt Retry. Ng i s d ng ch n nt Ignore. Ng i s d ng ch n nt Yes. Ng i s d ng ch n nt No.
V d : khi click nt xa chng trnh s xu t hi n h p thng bo xc nh n B n c ch c ch n xa khng?, n u ng i dng click nt yes th xa, ng c l i th khng xa. Bi u th c i u ki n c d ng:
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+ Menu Name: tn cc menu trong menu c p 1. + Menu Macro Name: tn macro t o menu c p 2. + StatusBar Text: Dng vn b n xu t hi n trn thanh status bar khi menu c ch n. + Gi s Main menu g m 4 Menu
+ Tng ng v i m i Menu trong Main Menu ta t o m t Macro v i tn chnh l tn trong thu c tnh Menu Macro Name c a Main Menu. T o macro cho menu c p 2: + Macro ny c tn trng v i tn c t trong m c Menu Macro Name c a macro c p 1, m i menu l m t macro + Trong menu chnh c bao nhiu menu con th t o b y nhiu macro
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Click ph i trn form properties. Ch n tab Other. T i thu c tnh Menu bar, nh p tn macro c p1.
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Chng 8: MODULE
8.1. Gi i thi u
M c d macro h tr m t cch nhanh chng v d dng t ng ha cc ng d ng nhng macro khng c tnh m m d o, v i nh ng yu c u ph c t p th macro khng gi i quy t c. Module l m t cng c c a access dng ngn ng Visual Basic t o nh ng chng trnh nh m gi i quy t nh ng h n ch c a macro. Module v cc th th t c c a n l i t ng ch y u c a ngn ng l p trnh VBA (Visual Basiv for Application). C hai lo i module: module dng chung v module g n li n v i form, report. Module dng chung l nh ng th t c, hm c s d ng chung cho ton b cc form, report c trong t p tin c s d li u, cc module ny c th c g i t b t k form, report no, n c ch a trong ph n Module c a Navigation pane. Module g n li n v i form, report l nh ng hm, th t c g n li n v i cc i t ng trn form, report, cc module ny l m t thnh ph n c a form, report, n khng xu t hi n trong ph n Module c a Navigaiton pane.
8.1.1. C a s so n th o code VB
Trn thanh Ribbon, ch n tab Create, click nt Module trong nhm l nh Macros & Code xu t hi n c a s so n th o g m cc thnh ph n Project window: Khung ch a t t c cc module trong c s d li u. Properties window: Khi code cha c t o th c a s ny l r ng. Immediate window: c a s th c thi l nh tr c ti p.
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Document window: C a s so n th o code VB, khi t o module m i trong c a s ny xu t hi n cc dng code m c nh Option Compare Database: Ch th ny cho Visual Basic
bi t cch x l cc php ton so snh cc ph n c a vn b n. Option Explicit: Ch th ny cho Visual Basic ki m tra l i nghim ng t khi s d ng cc bi n.
Module.
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Ph n khai bo
Ph n th t c
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Bi n ton c c: l bi n c khai bo sau t kha Public, bi n ny c khai bo t i ph n Declaration c a Module dng chung. Public <Tn bi n> As <Ki u d li u> d) Khai bo h ng H ng l i l ng c gi tr khng i trong su t qu trnh th c thi chng trnh. C php: [Public|Private] <Const TenHang> [As ki u d li u] = <Bi u th c> V d : Const ngay = #24/12/2004#
8.2.5. L nh gn
Dng gn gi tr cho m t bi n hay m t h ng. L nh gn c s d ng trong thn c a th t c. a) L nh Let: Gn gi tr c a m t bi u th c cho m t bi n. C php : [Let] tenBien| tenHam = BieuThuc tenBien.TenThanhPhan = BieuThuc tendoiTuong{ . | ! } (Thuoctinh | tenDoiTuong) = BieuThuc b) L nh Set : Gn i t ng cho m t bi n thu c lo i i t ng tng ng. C php : Set tenBien = {[New] bieuThuc | Nothing}
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Trung tm Tin h c
V d : Sub Vidu Dim myDB as database Dim mySet As recordset Set myDb = CurrentDB Set mySet = myDb.OpenRecordSet(NhanVien) End Sub
8.3. Ki u d li u: 8.3.1. Ki u s :
Byte: Ki u s nguyn dng trong ph m vi t 0..255, chi m 1 byte. Integer: Ki u s nguyn, c gi tr trong kho ng 32768...32767, chi m 2 bytes. Long: Ki u s nguyn di, c gi tr trong kho ng 2,147,483,648 .. 2,147,483,647, chi m 4 bytes. Single: Ki u s th c, c gi tr trong kh ang 1.401298E45 to 3.402823E38. Chi m 4 bytes. Double: Ki u s th c c gi tr trong kho ng 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308. Chi m 8 bytes. Currency: Ki u ti n t . B n ch t l ki u s , chi m 8 bytes, c gi tr trong kho ng 922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807. c bi t, ki u ny lun c k hi u ti n t i km.
Variant l ki u d li u khng t ng minh, c th ch a gi tr s ho c chu i V d : Dim a As Variant a = 123 a = Nguyen Van Nam
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Trung tm Tin h c
8.3.3. Ki u i t ng thu c c s d li u
Database: C s d li u ang m Recordset: T p h p cc m u tin Field : Tr ng trong b ng Form: Form ang s d ng Form_TenForm: Form ang c ch nh QueryDef: B ng truy v n (Query) TableDef: B ng d li u (Table)
Trung tm Tin h c
L nh MsgBox: c tc d ng cho xu t hi n h p thng bo, khng c gi tr tr v . C php: MsgBox Cu thng bo, Ki u HTB, Tiu
8.4.2. Hm InputBox:
Hi n th h p thng bo, trn h p thng bo c m t textbox cho ng i dng nhp gi tr vo bi n. C php: InputBox( Cu thng bo, Tiu , Gi tr m c nh Gi tr tr v c a hm InputBox l gi tr do ng i dng nh p vo textbox V d : Sub tong() Dim a As Integer Dim b As Integer Dim t As Integer a = InputBox("Nhap a", "nhap du lieu", 0) b = InputBox("Nhap b", "nhap du lieu", 0) t=a+b MsgBox a & "+" & b & "=" & a + b, vbOKOnly, "ket qua" End Sub
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Trung tm Tin h c
8.4.3. Hm d li u s
a) Int(<Number>): L y ph n nguyn c a <Number> b) Php Mod: <Number1> Mod <Number2>, cho k t qu l ph n d c a php chia Number1 cho Number2 c) Format(<Number>, format): nh d ng d li u s ho c chuy n chu i s thnh s V d : nh d ng d li u s : Format(123456.789, #,###.00) Chuy n chu i thnh s Format(123456.789, #,###.00) 123.456,46 d) Val(<Chu i s >) : chuy n <Chu i s > thnh s . 123.456,46
8.4.4. Hm x l chu i
a) Left(<Chu i>,n) b) Right((<Chu i>,n) c) Mid(<Chu i >,m,n) d) Len(<Chu i >) e) Trim(<Chu i >)
8.5. Bi n ki u i t ng
Bi n i t ng l b cc m u tin, bi i t i t bi n dng ch m t lo i i t ng nh CSDL, u m u, i u khi n. C hai lo i bi n i t ng: ng c s n, khi dng khng c n ph i khai bo. ng khng c s n, khi dng ph i khai bo.
M i i t ng g m c cc phng th c v thu c tnh, truy xu t n cc phng th c v thu c tnh c a i t ng ta dng c php: <Tn i t ng>. <phng th c> <Tn i t ng>.<thu c tnh>
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Trung tm Tin h c
8.5.1. Cc i t ng c s n:
1. Application: Dng th c hi n cc cng vi c lin quan n ng d ng. a) Cc phng th c c a Application: SetOption: thi t l p cc ty ch n trong c a s Options. C php : Application.SetOption OptionLabel, OptionValue V d : Thi t l p m c ty ch n c a trang Edit/Find m c conFirm Application.SetOption Confirm record changes , False Application.SetOption Confirm document deletions, 0 Quit: thot kh i Access C php : Application.Quit QuitType QuitType: ki u ng. acSave: T ng lu t t c cc i t ng khng c n h i. acPrompt: Tr c khi thot, hi n th h p tho i h i ng i dng c lu nh ng thay i khng. acExit: Thot v khng lu.. b) Cc thu c tnh c a Application: MenuBar: dng t o thanh menu cho chng trnh. C php : Application.MenuBar = MenuName 2. Docmd: Dng th c hi n nh ng cng vi c thng th ng trong access b ng ngn ng VB nh m form, m report, query, l c d li u, thi hnh macro, ....
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Trung tm Tin h c
a) Cc phng th c c a Docmd: Close: Dng ng i t ng. C php DoCmd.Close [ObjectType], [ObjectName], [SaveOption] ObjectType: ki u i t ng c n ng acForrm: ng form. acReport: ng report. acQuery: ng query. acTable: ng b ng. ObjectName: Tn i t ng c n ng. SaveOption: Ty ch n lu ho c khng lu khi ng i t ng. SaveNo: Khng lu. SaveYes: Lun lu. SavePromt: Hi n th h p tho i nh c lu n u c s thay i. V d : DoCmd.Close acForm, "frmHoadon", acSaveNo OpenForm: M form v thi t l p mi tr ng lm vi c cho form C php DoCmd.OpenForm [objectName], [ViewMode], [FilterName], [WhereCondition], [DataMode], [WindowsMode] ObjectName: tn form mu m m . ViewMode: ch m . acDesign: m form thi t k . acNormal:m form thao tc. FilterName : M form l c.
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Trung tm Tin h c
WhereCondition: i u ki n gi i h n d li u. DataMode: thi t l p ch d li u trn form. WindowsMode: thi t l p ki u c a s c a form: acDialog : Ki u h p tho i. acWindowsNormal Ki u c a s bnh th ng. V d : DoCmd.OpenForm "frmLapHoaDon", , ,"hoadonID = 'H0035' OpenReport: M report v thi t l p mi tr ng lm vi c cho report C php: DoCmd.OpenReport [objectName], [ViewMode], [FilterName], [WhereCondition], [DataMode], [WindowsMode] ObjectName tn Report. ViewMode: Ch m . acDesign: M report ch thi t k . acNormal: M Report thi hnh. FilterName : i u ki n l c. WhereCondition: i u ki n gi i h n d li u ngu n. DataMode: thi t l p ch d li u trn Report. WindowsMode: thi t l p ki u c a s report: acDialog: Ki u h p tho i. acWindowsNormal: Ki u c a s bnh th ng. V d : DoCmd.OpenReport "rptHoadon", , ,"hoadonID= '" + txtHoadonID + "'" GotoRecord: Di chuy n gi a cc record C php: DoCmd. GotoRecord [ObjectType], [ObjectName], [Record]
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Trung tm Tin h c
ObjectType: ki u i t ng. ObjectName: Tn i t ng. Record: acFirst: Di chuy n n record u. acLast: Di chuy n n record cu i. acNewRec: Di chuy n n record m i. acNext: Di chuy n n record ti p. acPrevious: : Di chuy n n record tr c. Quit: Thot kh i access C php: DoCmd.Quit [QuitType]
QuitType: ki u thot acQuitPrompt: Hi n th h p tho i nh c lu n u c s thay i tr c khi thot acQuitSaveAll: thot v lu t t c . acQuitSaveNone: thot v khng lu. RunSQL: th c thi cu l nh SQL C php: Docmd.RunSQL SQLStatement V d : DoCmd.RunSQL "UPDATE canbo SET luongchinh = hessoluong*290000"
8.5.2. i t ng khng c s n:
1. Database: l thnh ph n ch a Table hay query. s d ng i t ng Database ph i khai bo tr c. C php: Dim BienDataBase as Database Set BienDatabase = CurrentDb 2. Recordset: Truy xu t n cc record trong table ho c query trong c s d li u.
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Trung tm Tin h c
C php: Dim BienRecordset as Recordset Set BienRecordset = BienDataBase.OpenRecordset(Table/Query, lo i) Table/Query: ch cc table/query lm d li u ngu n cho bi n recordset. Lo i: ch lo i d li u ngu n. c 3 lo i. + DBOpenTable: d li u ngu n l table, lo i bi n ny h tr h u h t cc tc v trn b ng d li u v i tnh tr ng c p nh t m i nh t. + DBOpenDynaset: d li u ngu n l table ho c l query, h tr cho tc c Find. + DBOpenSnap: tng t nh DBOpenDynaset nhng khng cho thay i d li u. a) Phng th c c a Recordset MoveFirst, MovePrevious, MoveNext, MoveNext : di chuy n gi a cc record. AddNew: Thm m t record m i. FindFirst/FindPrevious/FindNext/FindNext <i u ki n tm>: tm m t record theo i u ki n cho tr c. + <i u ki n tm>: vi t theo c php sau: Tn Field= & Gi tr & N u c nhi u i u ki n th vi t theo c php sau: Tn Field= & Gi tr 1& And Gi tr 2= + Gi tr 1, gi tr 2 c th l tn bi n, ho c h ng, ho c nhn Edit, Update: Ch nh s a v c p nh t d li u, hai phng th c ny lun i km nhau. C php :
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Trung tm Tin h c
Bi nRecordset.Edit Bi nRecordset!tenField = bieuthuc Bi nRecordset.Update EOF/BOF: ki m tra v tr c a record. b) Thu c tnh NoMatch: Tm record RecordCount: m s record c trong bi n recordset.
Trung tm Tin h c
Trung tm Tin h c
thang = "November" Case 12 thang = "December" Case Else thang = "Khng xc nh" End Select
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Trung tm Tin h c
8.7. L nh Function
L nh Function dng khai bo m t hm m i. C php: Function <tn hm>([<danh sch cc tham s >])As <ki u DL hm><th t c> End Function
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Trung tm Tin h c
Function, End Function l cc t kho b t bu c khai bo c u trc m t chng trnh con d ng hm <tn hm> l tn g i hm ang khai bo. Tn khng ch a d u cch v k t c bi t <danh sch cc tham s > l cc tham s c n thi t cho hm. C th c ho c khng <ki u DL hm> Ki u d li u tr v c a hm. <th t c> thn chng trnh con. Trong cu l nh <tn hm> = <bi u th c> ph i xu t hi n t nh t m t l n trong th t c. Cu l nh ny c tc d ng gn gi tr cho hm. V d : Function Tong2So(a, b As Double) As Double Tong2So = a + b End Function
8.8. L nh Sub
L nh Sub khai bo m t th t c con m i. C php: [Public] [Private] Sub <tn CTC>([<danh sch cc tham s >]) <th t c> End Sub V d : Sub tong2so(a, b As Double) tong = a + b //tong l bi n ton c c End Sub
8.9. L nh Call
L nh Call c s d ng truy n i u khi n n th t c.
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Trung tm Tin h c
Vi t cc th t c th c hi n cc cng vi c di chuy n gi a cc record v thm tm xa thot. Option Compare Database Dim db As Database Dim rst As Recordset --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sub LoadDb() Set db = CurrentDb() Set rst = Me.Recordset End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdDau_Click() LoadDb rst.moveFirst End Sub
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Trung tm Tin h c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdTruoc_Click() LoadDb rst.MovePrevious If rst.BOF Then rst.MoveNext MsgBox "Day la mau tin dau roi", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "thong bao" End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdNext_Click() LoadDb rst.MoveNext If rst.EOF Then rst.MovePrevious MsgBox "Day la mau tin cuoi roi", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "thong bao" End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdLast_Click() LoadDb rst.MoveLast End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdXoa_Click()
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Trung tm Tin h c
Dim rs As Recordset Dim MakhStr As String Set rs = Me.Recordset MakhStr = InputBox("Nhap vao ma khach hang can xoa") rs.FindFirst "[MAKH]='" & MakhStr & "'" If rs.NoMatch Then MsgBox "Makhachhang " & MakhStr & "khong tim thay" End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdThem_Click() LoadDb Dim ma As String Dim ten As String Dim dc As String Dim tp As String Dim dt As String ma = InputBox("nhap ma khach hang:") If ma = "" Then Exit Sub End If ten = InputBox("nhap ten khach hang:") If ten = "" Then Exit Sub End If dc = InputBox("nhap dia chi khach hang:") tp = InputBox("nhap thanh pho cua khach hang:")
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Trung tm Tin h c
dt = InputBox("nhap dien thoai cua khach hang:") rst.AddNew rst!MAKH = ma rst!TENKH = ten rst!DIACHI = dc rst!THANHPHO = tp rst!DIENTHOAI = dt rst.Update End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdTim_Click() LoadDb Dim str As String str = InputBox("nhap ma can tim:") If str = "" Then Exit Sub Else rst.FindFirst "makh='" & str & "'" If rst.NoMatch Then MsgBox "khong tim thay." End If End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdXoa_Click() LoadDb Dim str As String
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Trung tm Tin h c
str = InputBox("NHAP MAKH CAN XOA?") rst.FindFirst "MAKH='" & str & "'" If rst.NoMatch Then MsgBox "KHONG TIM THAY THONG TIN NAY", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "THONG BAO" Else rst.Delete rst.MoveNext End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdThoat_Click() If MsgBox("CO MUON THOAT KHONG?", vbOKCancel, "THONG BAO") = vbOK Then DoCmd.Close , , acSaveYes End If End Sub
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Trung tm Tin h c
M cl c
Chng 1 T NG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010.............. 1 1.1. Gi i thi u:................................................................................... 1 1.2. Kh i ng Access 2010: ............................................................ 2 1.3. Cc thnh ph n trong c a s kh i ng: .................................... 2 1.3.1. Thanh Quick Access: ............................... 2 1.3.2. Vng lm vi c:........................................................................ 3 1.3.3. Thanh Ribbon: ........................................................................ 3 1.3.4. C a s Properties .................................................................... 4 1.3.5. Thanh Navigation Pane .......................................................... 5 1.4. Cch t o t p tin c s d li u: .................................................... 5 1.4.1. T o m t c s d li u m i r ng: ............................................ 5 1.4.2. T o c s d li u theo m u (Template) .................................. 6 1.5. Qu n l c s d li u ................................................................. 6 1.5.1. Recent: .................................................................................... 6 1.5.2. M m t c s d li u: ............................................................ 6 1.5.3. Thot kh i access: .................................................................. 7 1.5.4. Thu g n v ch nh s a c s d li u (Compact & Repair Database)............................................................................................... 7 1.5.5. T o password .......................................................................... 8 1.5.6. G b password ...................................................................... 8 1.6. Cc i t ng trong c s d li u trong Access ........................ 8 1.6.1. B ng (Tables): ........................................................................ 8 1.6.2. Truy v n (Queries): ................................................................ 9 1.6.3. Bi u m u (Forms): .................................................................. 9 1.6.4. Bo co (Reports): .................................................................. 9 1.6.5. T p l nh (Macros): ................................................................. 9 1.6.6. B m l nh (Modules): ........................................................... 9 1.7. Thao tc v i cc i t ng trong c s d li u:....................... 10 1.7.1. T o m i m t i t ng: ........................................................ 10 1.7.2. Thi t k l i m t i t ng: ................................................... 10 1.7.3. Xem n i dung trnh by c a m t i t ng: ......................... 10 1.7.4. Xa m t i t ng. ............................................................... 10 1.7.5. i tn i t ng .................................................................. 10 1.7.6. Sao chp m t i t ng ........................................................ 11 1.7.7. Chp d li u t Access sang ng d ng khc (Export). ........ 11 1.7.8. Chp d li u t ng d ng khc vo c s d li u Access hi n hnh (Import) ...................................................................................... 12 1.7.9. Ch c nng Link .................................................................... 14 -157-
Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin h c 1.8. Ch n giao di n ng i dng trong Access 2010 ....................... 14 1.8.1. Tabbed Documents ............................................................... 14 1.8.2. Overlapping Windows .......................................................... 15 1.8.3. Chuy n t giao di n Tabbed Documents sang Overlapping Windows ............................................................................................. 15 Chng 2 XY D NG C S D LI U ....................................... 16 2.1. Khi ni m v c s d li u Access .......................................... 16 2.2. B ng d li u (Table) ................................................................ 16 2.2.1. Khi ni m: ............................................................................ 16 2.2.2. Kha chnh (Primary key) .................................................... 17 2.2.3. Kha ngo i (Foreign key) ..................................................... 18 2.3. Cch t o b ng ........................................................................... 18 2.3.1. T o b ng b ng ch c nng Table Design: ............................. 18 2.3.2. T o b ng trong ch Datasheet View ................................ 20 2.4. Cc ki u d li u (Data Type) ................................................... 21 2.5. Cc thu c tnh c a Field: .......................................................... 23 2.5.1. Field Size: ............................................................................. 23 2.5.2. Decimal Places: .................................................................... 23 2.5.3. Format:.................................................................................. 24 2.5.4. Input Mask (m t n nh p li u):............................................. 27 2.5.5. T o field Lookup Wizard: .................................................... 28 2.5.6. Validation rule (Quy t c h p l ): .......................................... 30 2.5.7. Validation text (Thng bo l i): ........................................... 31 2.5.8. Required (Yu c u):.............................................................. 31 2.5.9. AllowZeroLength: ................................................................ 31 2.5.10. Index ( Ch m c/ S p x p) ................................................ 31 2.5.11. Caption: ............................................................................. 31 2.5.12. Defaut value: ..................................................................... 32 2.6. Hi u ch nh c u trc c a b ng: .................................................. 32 2.7. Cch nh p d li u cho b ng: .................................................... 32 2.8. T o quan h gi a cc b ng trong c s d li u: ....................... 34 2.8.1. Cc lo i quan h ................................................................... 34 2.8.2. Cch t o quan h : ................................................................. 35 2.8.3. Cch xa quan h .................................................................. 37 2.8.4. Ki u k t n i (Join type): ....................................................... 38 2.9. Cc thao tc v i b ng ch Datasheet view ....................... 39 2.9.1. M t s nh d ng trong ch Database View .................... 39 2.9.2. S p x p ................................................................................. 41 2.9.3. Tm ki m v thay th : ........................................................... 42 2.9.4. L c d li u ............................................................................ 43 -158-
Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin h c Chng 3 TON T -HM -BI U TH C ..................................... 46 3.1. Ton t ..................................................................................... 46 3.1.1. Ton t s h c ...................................................................... 46 3.1.2. Ton t so snh ..................................................................... 46 3.1.3. Ton t logic ......................................................................... 46 3.1.4. Ton t khc ......................................................................... 47 3.1.5. Ton t n i chu i .................................................................. 47 3.2. Hm .......................................................................................... 47 3.2.1. Hm x l ki u d li u Text ................................................. 47 3.2.2. Hm ngy gi ....................................................................... 48 3.2.3. Hm i u ki n ....................................................................... 49 3.2.4. Hm c s d li u ................................................................. 49 3.3. Bi u th c .................................................................................. 50 Chng 4 QUERY-TRUY V N D LI U ...................................... 51 4.1. Khi ni m ................................................................................. 51 4.2. Cc lo i query........................................................................... 51 4.3. Cch t o select query b ng Design view .................................. 52 4.3.1. Cc thnh ph n trong c a s thi t k query: ........................ 52 4.3.2. Cc thao tc trong c a s thi t k query: .............................. 53 4.3.3. Cch nh p bi u th c i u ki n ............................................. 55 4.3.4. Truy v n c nhi u i u ki n nhi u fields .......................... 56 4.3.5. Top value .............................................................................. 57 4.3.6. T o field tnh ton trong query ............................................. 58 4.3.7. S d ng Expresstion Builder ................................................ 59 4.4. Total query ............................................................................... 60 4.4.1. Cch t o Total Query:........................................................... 60 4.4.2. Cc ty ch n trn dng Total: .............................................. 61 4.5. Queries tham s (Parameter Queries)....................................... 62 4.6. Crosstab query .......................................................................... 63 4.6.1. Khi ni m: ............................................................................ 63 4.6.2. Cch t o: ............................................................................... 63 4.7. Cc lo i query t o b ng ch c nng Wizard.............................. 67 4.7.1. Find Duplicate query ............................................................ 67 4.7.2. Find Unmatched query Wizard............................................. 67 4.8. Action query ............................................................................. 68 4.8.1. Update query......................................................................... 68 4.8.2. Make-Table query................................................................. 70 4.8.3. Append query ....................................................................... 71 4.8.4. Delete query.......................................................................... 72 Chng 5 FORM-BI U M U .......................................................... 74 -159-
Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin h c 5.1. Gi i thi u.................................................................................. 74 5.2. Cch t o form ........................................................................... 74 5.2.1. T o m t Single Form ............................................................ 75 5.2.2. T o form b ng ch c nng Form Wizard .............................. 76 5.2.3. T o Form b ng Design ......................................................... 77 5.3. S d ng Form ........................................................................... 80 5.3.1. Tm ki m v ch nh s a m t record ....................................... 80 5.3.2. Thm m t record .................................................................. 81 5.3.3. Xa m t record ..................................................................... 82 5.3.4. L c d li u trn form. ........................................................... 82 5.4. Ty bi n form trong ch Desing view................................. 83 5.4.1. Thm m t control vo form .................................................. 83 5.4.2. Cc lo i form control ............................................................ 84 5.4.3. nh d ng cc control trn form ........................................... 85 5.4.4. Thi t l p thu c tnh cho control ............................................ 85 5.5. Cch t o cc control c h tr c a ch c nng Wizard ............. 86 5.5.1. Command button: ................................................................. 86 5.5.2. Option group: ........................................................................ 88 5.5.3. Combo box v List box: ....................................................... 89 5.6. Form v nh ng b ng lin k t.................................................... 92 5.6.1. Subform control .................................................................... 93 5.6.2. Hi u ch nh subform: ............................................................. 94 5.6.3. T o tnh ton trong subform .............................................. 95 5.7. Tab control ............................................................................... 96 5.7.1. S d ng tab control............................................................... 97 5.7.2. Hi u ch nh tab Control ......................................................... 97 5.8. Navigation Form ...................................................................... 97 5.8.1. T o Single level Navigation Form: ...................................... 98 5.8.2. T o Two level Navigation Form .......................................... 99 5.9. Lin k t n d li u quan h (Link to Related Data) ............. 100 5.9.1. Hi n th cc record quan h trong form ring bi t .............. 100 5.9.2. T o Button dng m form ch a records quan h .......... 100 Chng 6 REPORT - BO CO .................................................... 102 6.1. Gi i thi u................................................................................ 102 6.2. Cch t o report ....................................................................... 102 6.2.1. T o b ng l nh Report: ........................................................ 102 6.2.2. T o report b ng ch c nng Wizard .................................... 103 6.2.3. T o report b ng Design ...................................................... 104 6.3. T o report c phn nhm ....................................................... 107 6.3.1. S d ng Total Query .......................................................... 107 -160-
Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin h c 6.3.2. Report Grouping ................................................................. 108 6.3.3. SubReport ........................................................................... 111 6.3.4. T o report c phn nhm b ng wizard ............................... 111 6.3.5. Ng t trang trong report phn nhm .................................... 113 6.4. Preview Rport ......................................................................... 114 6.5. nh d ng report..................................................................... 114 6.5.1. T o l i cho report: ............................................................ 114 6.5.2. Thi t l p thu c tnh c a cc i t ng trong report ........... 114 6.5.3. nh d ng d li u ............................................................... 115 Chng 7 MACRO T P L NH ................................................... 118 7.1. Gi i thi u................................................................................ 118 7.2. Cch t o v th c thi Standalone macros: .............................. 119 7.2.1. Cch t o: ............................................................................ 119 7.2.2. Th c thi macro .................................................................... 120 7.2.3. Sub Macro: ......................................................................... 120 7.2.4. Cc Actions v cc Events thng d ng .............................. 121 7.3. T o Data Macro ...................................................................... 124 7.3.1. Cch t o: ............................................................................. 124 7.3.2. Cc Action c a data macro ................................................. 125 7.3.3. Xa data macro ................................................................... 127 7.4. Embedded macros .................................................................. 127 7.5. Hi u ch nh macro ................................................................... 127 7.5.1. Thay i action arguments. ................................................ 127 7.5.2. S p x p cc actions ............................................................. 128 7.5.3. Thm m t action m i.......................................................... 128 7.5.4. Xa m t action.................................................................... 128 7.6. Cc hm th ng dng trong bi u th c i u ki n ................... 128 7.6.1. Hm MsgBox (msg, type, title): ............................. 128 7.6.2. DCount (expr, domain, criteria): ............................ 130 7.7. Macro Autoexec ..................................................................... 130 7.8. X y d ng h th ng menu b ng macro ................................... 130 7.8.1. T o macro cho h th ng menu: .......................................... 130 7.8.2. a menu vo chng trnh ............................................... 132 Chng 8 : MODULE ..................................................................... 133 8.1. Gi i thi u................................................................................ 133 8.1.1. C a s so n th o code VB .................................................. 133 8.2. Cch t o Module .................................................................... 134 8.2.1. T o m t module dng chung .............................................. 134 8.2.2. Module g n v i form, report: ............................................. 135 8.2.3. Cc thnh ph n trong module ............................................. 135 -161-
Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin h c 8.2.4. L nh khai bo: .................................................................... 136 8.2.5. L nh gn ............................................................................. 137 8.3. Ki u d li u: ........................................................................... 138 8.3.1. Ki u s : ............................................................................... 138 8.3.2. Ki u chu i: String ............................................................... 138 8.3.3. Ki u i t ng thu c c s d li u .................................... 139 8.4. Cc hm thng d ng ............................................................... 139 8.4.1. Hm MsgBox:..................................................................... 139 8.4.2. Hm InputBox: ................................................................... 140 8.4.3. Hm d li u s .................................................................... 141 8.4.4. Hm x l chu i ................................................................. 141 8.5. Bi n ki u i t ng ................................................................ 141 8.5.1. Cc i t ng c s n: ......................................................... 142 8.5.2. i t ng khng c s n:..................................................... 145 8.6. C u trc i u khi n: ............................................................... 147 8.6.1. C u trc IfThenElse .................................................... 147 8.6.2. C u trc Select Case ........................................................... 148 8.6.3. C u trc ForNext ............................................................ 149 8.6.4. C u trc For EachNext ................................................... 150 8.6.5. C u trc DoLoop ............................................................ 150 8.7. L nh Function ........................................................................ 150 8.8. L nh Sub ................................................................................ 151 8.9. L nh Call ................................................................................ 151
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