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HU NGH VIT-HN
KHOA KHOA HC MY TNH
TI
TM HIU V TRIN KHAI H THNG MNG VI
GIAO THC BGP CHO DOANH NGHIP
LI CM N
Sau gn 3 thng n lc tm hiu v thc hin, n Tm hiu v trin khai h thng
mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip c hon thnh, ngoi s c gng ht
mnh ca bn thn, em cn nhn c nhiu s ng vin, khch l t gia nh, thy c v
bn b.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c ca trng Cao ng CNTT Hu Ngh VitHn truyn t nhiu kinh nghim v kin thc qu bu cho em trong sut qu trnh hc
tp ti trng. c bit em xin t lng bit n su sc ti Thy ng Quang Hin ging
vin khoa khoa hc my tnh v cc thy c trong khoa tn tnh gip em trong sut
qu trnh thc hin n cui kha ny.
Mc d em c gng ht sc hon thnh n cui kha ny, nhng v tham
kho nhiu ngun ti liu khc nhau, cng thm kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, do
khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s thng cm v ng gp,
ch bo tn tnh ca qu thy c v cc bn n ngy cng hon thin hn.
Mt ln na em xin gi lm cm n chn thnh nht!
Nng, thng 3 nm 2012
Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C
MC LC
LI CM N.........................................................................................................................2
MC LC...............................................................................................................................i
DANH MC CC HNH V...............................................................................................iv
M U................................................................................................................................v
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH.........................................................vi
V NH TUYN TRONG MNG MY TNH..............................................................vii
1.1.TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH.......................................................................vii
1.1.1.Khi nim....................................................................................................vii
1.1.2.Lch s pht trin........................................................................................vii
1.1.3.ng dng ca mng my tnh....................................................................viii
1.1.4.Kin trc mng my tnh...............................................................................x
1.1.4.1.Mt s kiu kin trc c bn:.................................................................xi
1.1.5.Phn loi cc mng my tnh......................................................................xii
1.2.TNG QUAN V NH TUYN TRONG MNG MY TNH.....................................xiii
1.2.1.nh ngha Router......................................................................................xiii
1.2.2.Bng nh tuyn.........................................................................................xiv
1.2.3.Giao thc....................................................................................................xv
1.2.4.Khi nim nh tuyn..................................................................................xv
1.2.5.Phn loi nh tuyn...................................................................................xvi
1.2.5.1.nh tuyn tp trung............................................................................xvi
1.2.5.2.nh tuyn phn tn............................................................................xvi
1.2.5.3.nh tuyn trong (Interior Routing)......................................................xvii
1.2.5.4.nh tuyn ngoi (Exterior Routing)....................................................xvii
ii
KT LUN...........................................................................................................................30
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO..............................................................................32
NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN...............................................................33
iii
DANH MC CC HNH V
Hnh 1.1. M hnh mng hnh sao..........................................................................................xi
Hnh 1.2. M hnh mng hnh tuyn......................................................................................xi
Hnh 1.3. M hnh mng hnh vng......................................................................................xii
Hnh 1.4. Bng nh tuyn ca Router Cisco........................................................................xv
Hnh 1.5. nh tuyn trn mng Internet.............................................................................xvi
Hnh 2.1. H thng nhiu AS..................................................................................................3
Hnh 2.2. nh dng tiu bn tin........................................................................................4
Hnh 2.3. Cu to bn tin OPEN.............................................................................................5
Hnh 2.4. nh dng trng Otional Parameters ca bn tin OPEN......................................5
Hnh 2.5. nh dng bn tin UPDATE...................................................................................6
Hnh 2.6. nh dng trng Withdrawn Routes ca thng ip UPDATE............................6
Hnh 2.7. nh dng trng Path Attribute ca bn tin UPDATE.........................................7
Hnh 2.8. nh dng trng Attribute Type...........................................................................7
Hnh 2.9. nh dng trng Network Layer Reachability Information..................................8
Hnh 2.10. nh dng bn tin NOTIFICATION ....................................................................8
Hnh 2.11. M t thuc tnh AS_PATH ca BGP................................................................10
Hnh 2.12. M t thuc tnh NEXT_HOP ca EBGP...........................................................11
Hnh 2.13. M t thuc tnh NEXT_HOP ca IGBP............................................................12
Hnh 2.14. M t thuc tnh MULTI_EXIT_DISC ca BGP...............................................12
Hnh 2.15. M t thuc tnh LOCAL_PREF ca BGP.........................................................13
Hnh 2.16. M t Thuc tnh Weight....................................................................................14
Hnh 3.1. M hnh mng m phng......................................................................................19
iv
M U
1. L do chn ti.
Nh chng ta bit, ni n mng my tnh l ni n truyn d liu trn mng.
Vy, d liu trn mng c truyn nh th no? D liu trn mng c truyn nh cc
b nh tuyn thc thi cc gii thut chn ng i (hay chng ta vn gi l giao thc nh
tuyn).
Chng ta ni rt nhiu n giao thc nh tuyn, mt trong nhng giao thc
phi n l giao thc nh tuyn Border gateway protocol (BGP). y l giao thc m
ngy nay c dng nh tuyn lin vng.
Xc nh c tm quan trng ca giao thc ny trong h thng mng ngy nay nn
em chn v nghin cu ti Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc
BGP cho doanh nghip vi mc ch tm hiu su sc v c ch hot ng ca n cng
nh pht hin ra nhng nhc im tm nhng gii php khc phc nhng nhc im
ny.
2. Mc tiu v nhim v nghin cu.
Tm hiu v giao thc nh tuyn BGP.
Trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP trn mi trng gi lp s
dng phn mm GNS3.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu.
Nghin cu m hnh h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP.
Nghin cu trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP cho doanh
nghip.
4. Phng php nghin cu.
Di s hng dn ca cn b hng dn.
Tm hiu cc ti liu lin quan v giao thc nh tuyn BGP v cc h thng mng
c trin khai vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP.
Trin khai thc nghim trn mi trng o vi phn mm gi lp GNS3 kim
chng l thuyt nghin cu c.
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin.
v
1.1.
cc my tnh hoc cc thit b khc. Ni chung hin nay, ngy cng nhiu cc loi thit b
c kh nng kt ni vo mng my tnh nh in thoi di ng, PDA, tivi,
Mi trng truyn (media) l cc thao tc truyn thng c thc hin qua . Mi
trng truyn c th l cc loi dy dn (dy cp), sng (i vi cc mng khng dy).
Giao thc (protocol) l cc quy tc quy nh cch trao i d liu gia cc thc th.
1.1.2. Lch s pht trin
My tnh ca thp nin 1940 l cc thit b c-in t ln v rt d hng. S pht
minh ra transitor bn dn vo nm 1947 to ra c hi lm ra chic my tnh nh v ng
tin cy hn.
Nm 1950, cc my tnh mainframe chy bi cc chng trnh phiu c l bt u
c dng trong cc hc vin ln. iu ny tuy to nhiu thun li vi my tnh c kh
nng c lp trnh nhng cng c rt nhiu kh khn trong vic to ra cc chng trnh
da trn phiu c l ny.
Vo cui thp nin 1950, mch tch hp (IC) cha nhiu transitor trn mt mu bn
dn nh c pht minh, to ra mt bc nhy vt trong vic to ra cc my tnh mnh
hn, nhanh hn v nh hn. n nay, IC c th cha hng triu transitor trn mt mch.
vii
viii
tin cy v s an ton ca thng tin cao hn: Thng tin c cp nht theo thi
gian thc, do chnh xc hn. Mt khi c mt hay mt s my tnh b hng th cc my
cn li vn c kh nng hot ng v cung cp dch v khng gy ch tc.
Tit kim: Qua k thut mng ngi ta c th tn dng kh nng ca h thng,
chuyn mn ha cc my tnh, v do , phc v a dng ha hn. V d: H thng mng
c th cung cp dch v sut ngy v nhiu ni c th dng cng mt chng trnh ng
dng, chia nhau mt c s d liu v cc my in, do , tit kim c rt nhiu ti
nguyn. Ngoi ra, khi to mng, ngi ch ch cn u t mt hoc mt vi my tnh c
kh nng hot ng cao lm my ch cung cp cc dch v chnh yu, a s cc my cn
li l cc my khch dng chy ng dng thng thng v khai thc hay yu cu cc
dch v m my ch cung cp. Mt h thng nh vy gi l mng c kiu ch - khch
(client server model). Ngi ta cn gi cc my dng ni vo my ch l my trm
(work-station). Tuy nhin cc my trm vn c th hot ng c lp m khng cn n
cc dch v cung cp t my ch.
Mng my tnh cn l mt phng tin thng tin mnh v hu hiu gia cc cng
s trong t chc.
Cho nhiu ngi: H thng mng cung cp nhiu tin li cho s truyn thng tin
trong cc mi quan h ngi vi ngi nh:
Cung cp thng tin t xa gia cc c nhn.
Lin lc trc tip v ring t gia cc c nhn vi nhau.
Lm phng tin gii tr chung nhau nh: cc tr chi, cc th tiu khin, chia s
phim nhqua mng.
Cc ng dng quan trng hin ti qua mng l: th in t, hi ngh truyn hnh
(video conference), in thoi Internet, giao dch v lp hc o( e-learning hay virtual
class), dch v tm kim thng tin qua cc my truy tm. v.v.
Cc vn x hi: Quan h gia ngi vi ngi tr nn nhanh chng, d dng v
gn gi hn. Tuy nhin, mng my tnh cng mang li nhiu vn x hi cn gii quyt
nh:
ix
Khi nhn cc gi tin, mi my s kim tra li phn a ch ny. Nu mt gi tin l dnh cho
ng my ang kim tra th s c x l tip, bng khng th b qua.
1.1.4.1.
xii
xiii
xv
nh tuyn l cch thc m Router hay PC (hoc thit b mng khc) s dng
truyn pht cc gi tin ti a ch ch trn mng.
nh tuyn tp trung
nh tuyn phn tn
xvi
Cc vng phn chia thnh cc vng t tr AS. Cc thnh phn trong mt AS ch bit
v nhau, m khng quan tm ti cc thnh phn trong AS khc, khi c yu cu giao tip vi
cc AS khc s thng qua thnh phn bin AS. T cc giao thc nh tuyn c chia
thnh giao thc trong cng mt AS l IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) v giao thc giao
tip gia cc AS l EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).
1.2.5.3.
xvii
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
2.1.1. nh ngha
Nh ta bit Internet c to bi rt nhiu AS. BGP c s dng chia s thng
tin nh tuyn gia cc AS khc nhau. BGP s dng giao thc vn chuyn tin cy (reliable
transport protocol) trao i thng tin nh tuyn chnh l TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol). BGP s dng cng 179 thit lp kt ni. BGP h tr VLSM (variable-length
subnet mask), CIDR (classless interdomain routing), v summarization. iu ng ch v
BGP l n khng quan tm v intra-AS routing, n tin tng rng cc IGP c s dng
trong AS s m nhim intra-AS routing. M n ch cp ti inter-AS routing. Mt BGP
speaking device s chia s thng tin n c mng vi neighbor ca n. Thng tin n
c mng cha ng d liu da trn cc AS khc nhau m n i qua. Thng tin ny s
c BGP speaking device to graph ca tt c cc AS ang s dng. Graph s gip
cho BGP loi b c routing loop v m bo hiu lc ca policy cho AS ca n.
2.1.2. S cn thit ca BGP
BGP l mt giao thc nh tuyn phc tp, c dng nhiu trn Internet v trong cc
cng ty a quc gia. Giao thc ny c thit k kt ni cc AS, khng kt ni cc
subnets vi 1 AS. Mt AS l mt nhm cc router cng chia s mt chnh sch v hot
ng trong cng mt min nht nh. Mi AS c nh dng bi mt s v c cung cp
bi mt nh cung cp AS hoc bi cc ISPs. Con s ny c chia lm 2 loi: Public c gi
tr t 1 n 64511, private c gi tr t 64512 65535. Cc cng ty ln c th dng BGP
nh l mt kt ni gia cc mng cc quc gia khc nhau.
2.1.3. Thut ng BGP
Autonomous System: L mt h thng t tr.
BGP speaker: L Router m c ci t v chy giao thc BGP.
Peer/neighbor: : L hai b nh tuyn bt k hnh thnh nn mt kt ni TCP trao
i thng tin nh tuyn BGP. Cch gi peer v neighbor l nh nhau.
eBGP External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP): L giao thc nh tuyn c s
dng trao i thng tin nh tuyn gia cc BGP peer ca cc AS khc nhau.
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C
Trang 1
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
iBGP Internal Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP): L giao thc nh tuyn s dng
trao i thng tin nh tuyn gia cc BGP peer ca cng chung mt AS
Inter-AS routing: L nh tuyn xy ra gia cc AS khc nhau.
Inter-AS routing: L nh tuyn xy ra trong cng mt AS.
2.1.4. Mt s tnh cht ca BGP
- BGP l mt giao thc nh tuyn dng path-vector v vic chn ng i tt nht
thng thng da vo mt tp hp cc thuc tnh.
- Nhim v ca BGP l m bo thng tin lin lc trao i thng tin nh tuyn gia
cc AS.
- BGP s dng giao thc TCP 179.
- BGP ch ra chnh xc danh sch ton b ng dn n ch.
- Chng vng lp rt hiu qu nh vo c ch xem xt cc tuyn ng m router gi
v xem c chnh bn thn AS trong hay khng nu c route s bit c ngay l b
lp v s loi b thng tin .
- Trong giai on u tin thit lp mi quan h BGP th ton b thng tin cp nht s
c trao i v sau s chuyn sang c ch trigger update.
- Mt im khc bit thy r nht ca BGP so vi cc giao thc nh tuyn loi IGP
(nh OSPF, RIP, EIGRP, IGRP,) l n khng quan tm n cc subnet c th trong
mt cng ty, c quan, m n quan tm n vic chuyn ti y thng tin n 1 AS
khc vi cc chnh sch nh tuyn (policy) cn thit.
- BGP c th s dng gia cc router trong cng 1 AS v khc AS. Khi BGP c
dng trong cng 1 AS th c gi l iBGP, cn dng kt ni cc AS khc nhau th gi
l eBGP.
2.2.
HOT NG CA BGP
BGP cho php truyn thng thng tin nh tuyn gia cc AS khc nhau tri khp th
gii. Trn hnh cho bit rt nhiu AS v chng s dng BGP chia s thng tin nh tuyn
gia cc AS khc nhau. Chng s dng 2 dng BGP thc hin iu : Internal BGP
(iBGP) v External BGP (eBGP)
Trang 2
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 3
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Bn tin OPEN
2-
Bn tin UPDATE
3-
Bn tin NOTIFICATION
4-
Bn tin KEEPALIVE
Trang 4
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 5
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 6
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 7
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 8
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
- Well-Know discretionary
- Optional transitive
- Optional non-transitive
Well-Know mandatory: y l thuc tnh lun phi c trong mi thng ip
UPDATE, nu khng c thuc tnh ny th thng ip li.
Well-Know discretionary: y l thuc tnh c mi thit b h tr nhng khng
nht thit phi c trong mi thng ip UPDATE.
Optional transitive: y l thuc tnh m khng c tt c cc thit b h tr, nu
nhn c m khng hiu th n vn c truyn n cc neighbor ca n.
Optional non-transitive: y l thuc tnh c th khng tn ti tt c cc Router,
trng hp ny d hiu hay khng th n cng khng truyn cho cc neighbor ca n.
2.4.2. Cc thuc tnh c bn
2.4.2.1. Thuc tnh ORIGIN
ORIGIN l mt thuc tnh Well-Know mandatory. N c pht sinh t mt AS ni
bt ngun ra thng tin nh tuyn (routing information). N s c cha trong bn tin
UPDATE ca tt c cc BGP speaker chn truyn thng tin ny ti cc BGP speaker
khc. Gi tr ca n ch c th l 1 trong cc gi tr sau:
Gi tr
ngha
IGP
EGP
INCOMPLETE
2.4.2.2. Thuc tnh AS_PATH
Trang 9
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 10
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 11
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 12
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 13
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 14
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 15
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
MT S LI V CCH X L
Trang 16
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 17
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 18
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
3.1.
Trang 19
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Disable
Disconnect
Enable
End
Exit
Hostname
Ping
Tt cc lnh c quyn
Ngt mt kt ni mng
Bt cc lnh c quyn
Kt thc cu hnh
Thot ra khi lnh
t tn Router
Kim tra kt ni
Ci t router thuc AS
Khai bo cc Neighbor
nh ngha Neighbor l mt Next hop self
nh ngha Neighbor c qung b bi BGP
a ra bng BGP
a ra bng nh tuyn
a thng tin cc trng thi ca cc Neighbor
a thng tin chi tit cc trng thi ca cc
Neighbor
Hng dn cu hnh
- Bc 1: To s
Trang 20
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
ISP(config-line)#login
ISP(config-line)#exit
ISP(config)#interface serial 1/0
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.252
ISP(config-if)#no shutdown
ISP(config-if)#clock rate 64000
ISP(config-if)#exit
ISP(config)#interface serial 1/1
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
ISP(config-if)#no shutdown
ISP(config-if)#clock rate 64000
ISP(config-if)#exit
ISP(config)#interface loopback 0
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
ISP(config-if)#exit
RouterR2(hostname VH1)
Router(config)#hostname VH1
VH1(config)#enable password cisco
VH1(config)#no ip domain-lookup
VH1(config)#banner motd #Vo phan su mien vao#
VH1(config)#line console 0
VH1(config-line)#logging synchoronous
VH1(config-line)#password cisco
VH1(config-line)#login
VH1(config-line)#exit
VH1(config)#lin vty 0 4
VH1(config-line)#password cisco
VH1(config-line)#login
VH1(config-line)#exit
VH1(config)#interface serial 1/0
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C
Trang 21
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 22
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
VH2(config-if)#exit
VH2(config)#interface serial 1/1
VH2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
VH2(config-if)#no shutdown
VH2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
VH2(config-if)#exit
VH2(config)#interface loopback 0
VH2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.32.1 255.255.255.0
VH2(config-if)#exit
- Bc 3: Cu hnh EIGRP
Cu hnh EIGRP gia 2 router: VH1 v VH2
Router VH1
VH1(config)#router eigrp 64512
VH1(config-router)#no auto-summary
VH1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
VH1(config-router)#exit
Router VH2
VH2(config)#router eigrp 64512
VH2(config-router)#no auto-summary
VH2(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
VH2(config-router)#exit
- Bc 4: Cu hnh EBGP v IBGP
Router ISP
ISP(config)#router bgp 200
ISP(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 64512
ISP(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.6 remote-as 64512
ISP(config-router)#network 192.168.100.0
ISP(config-router)#exit
Router VH1
VH1(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C
Trang 23
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trc khi Router ISP c th ping thnh cng cc giao din ni tip ni b ca AS
64512, c 2 vn cn c gii quyt. Th nht l, Router VH1 khng bit ng lin kt
gia Router ISP v VH2. Th 2, Router VH2 cng khng bit v ng lin kt gia
Router ISP v VH1. iu ny c th c gii quyt bng cch qung b cc ng lin
kt thng qua BGP trn Router ISP.
Router ISP
ISP(config)#router bgp 200
ISP(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
ISP(config-router)#network 192.168.1.4 mask 255.255.255.252
Router VH1
VH1(config)#router bgp 64512
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.32.1 next-hop-self
Router VH2
VH2(config)#router bgp 64512
VH2(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.64.1 next-hop-self
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C
Trang 24
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Router VH1
VH1#Show ip bgp summary
Router VH2
VH2#Show ip bgp summary
Trang 25
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Router VH1
VH1#Show ip bgp
Router VH2
VH2#Show ip bgp
Trang 26
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Router VH1
VH1#Show ip route
Router VH2
VH2#Show ip route
Trang 27
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
3.3.
TI U H THNG
Trang 28
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Bc 3: Thit lp mt tuyn ng mc nh
Router VH1
VH1(config)#ip default-network 192.168.100.0
Router VH2
VH2(config)#ip default-network 192.168.100.0
Router VH1
VH1#clear ip bgp *
VH1#show ip bgp
Trang 29
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Router VH2
VH2#clear ip bgp *
VH2#show ip bgp
KT LUN
Trang 30
Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip
Trang 31
[2]
Ths.Trn Quc Vit (2011), Gio trnh nh tuyn v chuyn mch, NXB
[4]
Ngun t Internet
[5]
http://vi.wikipedia.org
[6]
http://pronet.edu.vn
[7]
http://nhatnghe.com
[8]
http://vnpro.org
[9]
http://en.wikipedia.org
[10]
http://cisco.com
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