TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH THNG TIN

HU NGH VIT-HN
KHOA KHOA HC MY TNH

N CHUYN CUI KHA

NGNH MNG MY TNH

TI
TM HIU V TRIN KHAI H THNG MNG VI
GIAO THC BGP CHO DOANH NGHIP

SVTH: Nguyn c Trung

Lp: CCMM03C
Nin kha: 2009 2012
CBHD: Ths. ng Quang Hin

Nng, thng 3 nm 2012

LI CM N
Sau gn 3 thng n lc tm hiu v thc hin, n Tm hiu v trin khai h thng
mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip c hon thnh, ngoi s c gng ht
mnh ca bn thn, em cn nhn c nhiu s ng vin, khch l t gia nh, thy c v
bn b.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c ca trng Cao ng CNTT Hu Ngh VitHn truyn t nhiu kinh nghim v kin thc qu bu cho em trong sut qu trnh hc
tp ti trng. c bit em xin t lng bit n su sc ti Thy ng Quang Hin ging
vin khoa khoa hc my tnh v cc thy c trong khoa tn tnh gip em trong sut
qu trnh thc hin n cui kha ny.
Mc d em c gng ht sc hon thnh n cui kha ny, nhng v tham
kho nhiu ngun ti liu khc nhau, cng thm kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, do
khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s thng cm v ng gp,
ch bo tn tnh ca qu thy c v cc bn n ngy cng hon thin hn.
Mt ln na em xin gi lm cm n chn thnh nht!
Nng, thng 3 nm 2012
Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

MC LC
LI CM N.........................................................................................................................2
MC LC...............................................................................................................................i
DANH MC CC HNH V...............................................................................................iv
M U................................................................................................................................v
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH.........................................................vi
V NH TUYN TRONG MNG MY TNH..............................................................vii
1.1.TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH.......................................................................vii
1.1.1.Khi nim....................................................................................................vii
1.1.2.Lch s pht trin........................................................................................vii
1.1.3.ng dng ca mng my tnh....................................................................viii
1.1.4.Kin trc mng my tnh...............................................................................x
1.1.4.1.Mt s kiu kin trc c bn:.................................................................xi
1.1.5.Phn loi cc mng my tnh......................................................................xii
1.2.TNG QUAN V NH TUYN TRONG MNG MY TNH.....................................xiii
1.2.1.nh ngha Router......................................................................................xiii
1.2.2.Bng nh tuyn.........................................................................................xiv
1.2.3.Giao thc....................................................................................................xv
1.2.4.Khi nim nh tuyn..................................................................................xv
1.2.5.Phn loi nh tuyn...................................................................................xvi
1.2.5.1.nh tuyn tp trung............................................................................xvi
1.2.5.2.nh tuyn phn tn............................................................................xvi
1.2.5.3.nh tuyn trong (Interior Routing)......................................................xvii
1.2.5.4.nh tuyn ngoi (Exterior Routing)....................................................xvii

CHNG 2: NH TUYN VI GIAO THC BGP..........................................................1

2.1. KHI NIM C BN V BGP................................................................................1
2.1.1. nh ngha...................................................................................................1
i

2.1.2. S cn thit ca BGP...................................................................................1

2.1.3. Thut ng BGP.............................................................................................1
2.1.4. Mt s tnh cht ca BGP.............................................................................2
2.2. HOT NG CA BGP.......................................................................................2
2.2.1. Cp nht bng nh tuyn............................................................................3
2.2.2. Thit lp mi quan h BGP neighbor............................................................3
2.3. NH DNG TIU CA BN TIN.....................................................................3
2.3.1. Bn tin OPEN...............................................................................................4
2.3.2. Bn tin UPDATE...........................................................................................6
2.3.3. Bn tin KEEPALIVE.......................................................................................8
2.3.4. Bn tin NOTIFICATION .................................................................................8
2.4. CC THUC TNH QUAN TRNG.........................................................................8
2.4.1. Phn loi......................................................................................................8
2.4.2. Cc thuc tnh c bn..................................................................................9
2.4.2.1. Thuc tnh ORIGIN.................................................................................9
2.4.2.2. Thuc tnh AS_PATH...............................................................................9
2.4.2.3. Thuc tnh NEXT_HOP..........................................................................11
2.4.2.4. Thuc tnh MULTI_EXIT_DISC................................................................12
2.4.2.5. Thuc tnh LOCAL_PREF.......................................................................12
2.4.2.6. Thuc tnh Weight................................................................................13
2.5. THUT TON TM NG I TT NHT CA BGP............................................14
2.6. MT S LI V CCH X L.............................................................................16
2.6.1. Li phn Header ca bn tin......................................................................16
2.6.2. Li bn tin OPEN........................................................................................16
2.6.3. Li bn tin UPDATE....................................................................................17
2.6.4. Li bn tin NOTIFICATION...........................................................................17
2.6.5. Li bn tin Hold Timer Expired...................................................................18

ii

2.6.6. Li Finite State Machine.............................................................................18

2.6.7. Cease........................................................................................................18
2.6.8. Li xung t kt ni...................................................................................18

CHNG 3. M PHNG H THNG MNG S DNG GIAO THC NH TUYN

BGP.......................................................................................................................................19
3.1. M HNH H THNG MNG S DNG NH TUYN BGP..................................19
3.2. CI T V KIM TRA H THNG.....................................................................19
3.2.1. Ci t giao thc BGP................................................................................19
3.2.2. Kim tra h thng......................................................................................25
3.3. TI U H THNG...........................................................................................28

KT LUN...........................................................................................................................30
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO..............................................................................32
NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN...............................................................33

iii

DANH MC CC HNH V
Hnh 1.1. M hnh mng hnh sao..........................................................................................xi
Hnh 1.2. M hnh mng hnh tuyn......................................................................................xi
Hnh 1.3. M hnh mng hnh vng......................................................................................xii
Hnh 1.4. Bng nh tuyn ca Router Cisco........................................................................xv
Hnh 1.5. nh tuyn trn mng Internet.............................................................................xvi
Hnh 2.1. H thng nhiu AS..................................................................................................3
Hnh 2.2. nh dng tiu bn tin........................................................................................4
Hnh 2.3. Cu to bn tin OPEN.............................................................................................5
Hnh 2.4. nh dng trng Otional Parameters ca bn tin OPEN......................................5
Hnh 2.5. nh dng bn tin UPDATE...................................................................................6
Hnh 2.6. nh dng trng Withdrawn Routes ca thng ip UPDATE............................6
Hnh 2.7. nh dng trng Path Attribute ca bn tin UPDATE.........................................7
Hnh 2.8. nh dng trng Attribute Type...........................................................................7
Hnh 2.9. nh dng trng Network Layer Reachability Information..................................8
Hnh 2.10. nh dng bn tin NOTIFICATION ....................................................................8
Hnh 2.11. M t thuc tnh AS_PATH ca BGP................................................................10
Hnh 2.12. M t thuc tnh NEXT_HOP ca EBGP...........................................................11
Hnh 2.13. M t thuc tnh NEXT_HOP ca IGBP............................................................12
Hnh 2.14. M t thuc tnh MULTI_EXIT_DISC ca BGP...............................................12
Hnh 2.15. M t thuc tnh LOCAL_PREF ca BGP.........................................................13
Hnh 2.16. M t Thuc tnh Weight....................................................................................14
Hnh 3.1. M hnh mng m phng......................................................................................19

iv

M U
1. L do chn ti.
Nh chng ta bit, ni n mng my tnh l ni n truyn d liu trn mng.
Vy, d liu trn mng c truyn nh th no? D liu trn mng c truyn nh cc
b nh tuyn thc thi cc gii thut chn ng i (hay chng ta vn gi l giao thc nh
tuyn).
Chng ta ni rt nhiu n giao thc nh tuyn, mt trong nhng giao thc
phi n l giao thc nh tuyn Border gateway protocol (BGP). y l giao thc m
ngy nay c dng nh tuyn lin vng.
Xc nh c tm quan trng ca giao thc ny trong h thng mng ngy nay nn
em chn v nghin cu ti Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc
BGP cho doanh nghip vi mc ch tm hiu su sc v c ch hot ng ca n cng
nh pht hin ra nhng nhc im tm nhng gii php khc phc nhng nhc im
ny.
2. Mc tiu v nhim v nghin cu.
Tm hiu v giao thc nh tuyn BGP.
Trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP trn mi trng gi lp s
dng phn mm GNS3.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu.
Nghin cu m hnh h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP.
Nghin cu trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP cho doanh
nghip.
4. Phng php nghin cu.
Di s hng dn ca cn b hng dn.
Tm hiu cc ti liu lin quan v giao thc nh tuyn BGP v cc h thng mng
c trin khai vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP.
Trin khai thc nghim trn mi trng o vi phn mm gi lp GNS3 kim
chng l thuyt nghin cu c.
5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin.
v

- ngha khoa hc:

Cung cp mt b ti liu hc tp v tham kho cho cc kha sau.
Cung cp mt b ti liu tp hun trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP.
- ngha thc tin:
Sau khi thc hin ti c th gip sinh vin nng cao k nng nh tuyn vi mt
s thit b, cch xy dng mt h thng mng vi giao thc BGP.
Trin khai c mt h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn BGP.

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH

vi

V NH TUYN TRONG MNG MY TNH

1.1.

TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH

1.1.1. Khi nim

Mng my tnh hay h thng mng l mt tp hp cc my tnh t hot c kt ni
vi nhau thng qua cc phng tin truyn dn nhm cho php chia s ti nguyn: my
tnh, my fax, tp tin, d liu
Mt my tnh c gi l t hot (autonomuous) nu n c th khi ng, vn hnh
cc phn mm ci t v tt my m khng cn phi c s iu khin hay chi phi ca
mt my tnh khc.
Cc thnh phn ca mng c th bao gm:

Cc thit b u cui (end system) kt ni vi nhau to thnh mng, c th l

cc my tnh hoc cc thit b khc. Ni chung hin nay, ngy cng nhiu cc loi thit b
c kh nng kt ni vo mng my tnh nh in thoi di ng, PDA, tivi,
Mi trng truyn (media) l cc thao tc truyn thng c thc hin qua . Mi
trng truyn c th l cc loi dy dn (dy cp), sng (i vi cc mng khng dy).
Giao thc (protocol) l cc quy tc quy nh cch trao i d liu gia cc thc th.
1.1.2. Lch s pht trin
My tnh ca thp nin 1940 l cc thit b c-in t ln v rt d hng. S pht
minh ra transitor bn dn vo nm 1947 to ra c hi lm ra chic my tnh nh v ng
tin cy hn.
Nm 1950, cc my tnh mainframe chy bi cc chng trnh phiu c l bt u
c dng trong cc hc vin ln. iu ny tuy to nhiu thun li vi my tnh c kh
nng c lp trnh nhng cng c rt nhiu kh khn trong vic to ra cc chng trnh
da trn phiu c l ny.
Vo cui thp nin 1950, mch tch hp (IC) cha nhiu transitor trn mt mu bn
dn nh c pht minh, to ra mt bc nhy vt trong vic to ra cc my tnh mnh
hn, nhanh hn v nh hn. n nay, IC c th cha hng triu transitor trn mt mch.

vii

Vo cui thp nin 1960, u thp nin 1970, cc my tnh nh c gi l

minicomputer bt u xut hin.
Nm 1977, cng ty my tnh Apple Computer gii thiu my vi tnh cng c gi l
my tnh c nhn (personal computer PC).
Nm 1981, IBM a ra my tnh c nhn u tin. S thu nh ngy cng tinh vi hn
ca cc IC a n vic s dng rng ri my tnh c nhn ti nh v trong kinh doanh.
Vo gia thp nin 1980, ngi s dng dng cc my tnh c lp bt u chia s
tp tin bng cch dng modem kt ni vi my tnh khc. Cch thc ny c gi l im
ni im, hay truyn theo kiu quay s. Khi nim ny c m rng bng cch dng cc
my tnh l trung tm truyn tin trong mt kt ni quay s. Cc my tnh ny c gi l
sn thng bo (bullentin board). Cc ngi dng kt ni n sn thng bo ny, li
hay ly i cc thng ip, cng nh gi ln hay ti v cc tp tin. Hn ch ca h thng l
c rt t hng truyn tin, v ch vi nhng ai bit v sn thng bo . Ngoi ra, cc my
tnh sn thng bo cn mt modem cho mi kt ni, khi s lng kt ni tng ln, ht thng
khng p ng c nhu cu.
Qua cc thp nin 1950, 1970, 1980 v 1990, B Quc phng Hoa k pht trin
cc mng din rng WAN tin cy nhm mc ch qun s v khoa hc. Cng ngh ny
khc truyn tin im ni im. N cho php nhiu my tnh kt ni li vi nhau bng cc
ng dn khc nhau. Bn thn mng s xc nh d liu di chuyn t my tnh ny n
my tnh khc nh th no. Thay v ch c th thng tin vi mt my tnh ti mt thi im,
n c th thng tin vi nhiu my tnh cng lc bng mt kt ni. WAN ca B quc
phng Hoa K v sau tr thnh Internet.
1.1.3. ng dng ca mng my tnh
Trong cc t chc: Trc khi c mng, trong cc t chc, mi ni u phi c ch
lu tr d liu ring, cc thng tin trong ni b s kh c cp nht kp thi; mt ng
dng ni ny khng th chia s cho ni khc. Vi mt h thng mng ngi ta c th:
Chia s cc ti nguyn: Cc ng dng, kho d liu v cc ti nguyn khc nh sc
mnh ca cc CPU c dng chung v chia s th c h thng my tnh s lm vic hiu
qu hn.

viii

 tin cy v s an ton ca thng tin cao hn: Thng tin c cp nht theo thi
gian thc, do chnh xc hn. Mt khi c mt hay mt s my tnh b hng th cc my
cn li vn c kh nng hot ng v cung cp dch v khng gy ch tc.
Tit kim: Qua k thut mng ngi ta c th tn dng kh nng ca h thng,
chuyn mn ha cc my tnh, v do , phc v a dng ha hn. V d: H thng mng
c th cung cp dch v sut ngy v nhiu ni c th dng cng mt chng trnh ng
dng, chia nhau mt c s d liu v cc my in, do , tit kim c rt nhiu ti
nguyn. Ngoi ra, khi to mng, ngi ch ch cn u t mt hoc mt vi my tnh c
kh nng hot ng cao lm my ch cung cp cc dch v chnh yu, a s cc my cn
li l cc my khch dng chy ng dng thng thng v khai thc hay yu cu cc
dch v m my ch cung cp. Mt h thng nh vy gi l mng c kiu ch - khch
(client server model). Ngi ta cn gi cc my dng ni vo my ch l my trm
(work-station). Tuy nhin cc my trm vn c th hot ng c lp m khng cn n
cc dch v cung cp t my ch.
Mng my tnh cn l mt phng tin thng tin mnh v hu hiu gia cc cng
s trong t chc.
Cho nhiu ngi: H thng mng cung cp nhiu tin li cho s truyn thng tin
trong cc mi quan h ngi vi ngi nh:
Cung cp thng tin t xa gia cc c nhn.
Lin lc trc tip v ring t gia cc c nhn vi nhau.
Lm phng tin gii tr chung nhau nh: cc tr chi, cc th tiu khin, chia s
phim nhqua mng.
Cc ng dng quan trng hin ti qua mng l: th in t, hi ngh truyn hnh
(video conference), in thoi Internet, giao dch v lp hc o( e-learning hay virtual
class), dch v tm kim thng tin qua cc my truy tm. v.v.
Cc vn x hi: Quan h gia ngi vi ngi tr nn nhanh chng, d dng v
gn gi hn. Tuy nhin, mng my tnh cng mang li nhiu vn x hi cn gii quyt
nh:

ix

 Lm dng h thng mng lm iu phi php hay thiu o c: Cc t chc

bun bn ngi, khiu dm, la gt, hay ti phm qua mng, t chc tin tc n cp ti
sn ca cng dn v cc c quan, t chc khng b.v.v.
Mng cng ln th nguy c lan truyn cc phn mm c tnh cng d xy ra.
H thng bun bn tr nn kh kim sot hn nhng cng to iu kin cho cnh
tranh gy gp hn.
Mt vn ny sinh l xc nh bin gii gia vic kim sot nhn vin lm cng
v quyn t hu ca h. (Ch th mun ton quyn kim sot cc in th hay cc cuc tr
chuyn trc tuyn nhng iu ny c th vi phm nghim trng quyn c nhn).
Vn gio dc thanh thiu nin cng tr nn kh khn hn v cc em c th tham
gia vo cc hot ng trn mng m cha m rt kh kim sot.
Hn bao gi ht, vi phng tin thng tin nhanh chng th s t do ngn lun hay
lm dng quyn ngn lun cng c th nh hng su rng hn trc y nh l cc
trng hp ca cc phn mm qung co (adware) v cc th rc (spam mail).
1.1.4. Kin trc mng my tnh
Kin trc mng th hin cch ni cc nt mng vi nhau v tp hp cc quy tc, quy
c m tt c cc thc th tham gia truyn thng trn mng phi tun theo cho mng
hot ng tt.
C hai cch ni c bn:
+ im ni im (point to point).
+ im ni a im (point to multipoint).
Mng im ni im: Bao gm nhiu mi ni gia cc cp my tnh vi nhau.
chuyn t ngun ti ch, mt gi tin c th phi i qua cc my trung gian. Thng th c
th c nhiu ng di chuyn c di khc nhau (t my ngun ti my ch vi s
lng my trung gian khc nhau). Thut ton nh tuyn ng truyn gi vai tr quan
trng trong k thut ny.
Mng im ni a im: Bao gm mt knh truyn thng c chia s cho mi
my tnh trong mng. Mu thng tin ngn gi l gi tin c gi ra bi mt my bt k th
s ti c tt c my khc. Trong gi tin s c mt phn ghi a ch gi mun gi ti.

Khi nhn cc gi tin, mi my s kim tra li phn a ch ny. Nu mt gi tin l dnh cho
ng my ang kim tra th s c x l tip, bng khng th b qua.
1.1.4.1.

Mt s kiu kin trc c bn:

Kin trc hnh sao (Star)

Gm mt trung tp v cc nt mng ni vo trung tm ny. Cc nt mng l cc my
tnh, cc trm u cui v cc thit b khc ca mng. Trung tm mng iu phi mi hot
ng ca mng vi cc chc nng c bn:
+ Xc nh cp a ch gi v nhn lin lc vi nhau.
+ Theo di v x l qu trnh trao i thng tin.
+ Theo di, thng bo trng thi mng.

Hnh 1.1. M hnh mng hnh sao

Kin trc hnh BUS
Topo BUS c cu hnh trong , cc my tnh (bao gm c my ch v my trm)
ni vo mt ng cp chnh v s dng chung nhau ng cp ny. Pha hai u cp c
bt bi mt thit b chn gi l Terminator

Hnh 1.2. M hnh mng hnh tuyn

Kin trc hnh vng (RING)
xi

Trong cu hnh mng RING, cc nt mng c b tr theo mt vng trn. ng

dy cp chung to thnh mt vng khp kn, cho php tn hiu chy quanh theo mt chiu
xc nh trc.

Hnh 1.3. M hnh mng hnh vng

1.1.5. Phn loi cc mng my tnh
C nhiu cch phn loi mng my tnh: Theo phm vi mng, theo k thut chuyn
mch, theo mi trng truyn dn.v.v.
Theo mi trng truyn dn:
+ Mng hu tuyn.
+ Mng v tuyn.
Theo k thut chuyn mch c:
+ Chuyn mch knh: Khi 2 ng dng cn trao i thng tin vi nhau, gia chng s
c thit lp mt knh (circuit) c nh. Knh ny c duy tr trong sut thi gian lin
lc. D liu s ch c truyn i gia hai my thng qua knh c nh ny. y l phng
thc truyn thng.
+ Chuyn mch gi: Gia hai thc th trao i thng tin khng c knh c nh c
thit lp. Thng tin cn trao i c chia ra thnh cc khi nh gi l gi tin c khun
dng qui nh trc. Mi gi tin c vng d liu v tiu trong c cha thng tin iu
khin v thng tin a ch cn ti. Mi nt mng trung gian s c cc thng tin ny v
chuyn tip gi tin sang nt tip theo trn mt tuyn ng ti ch. Nh vy, mi gi tin

xii

s c lu tm thi ti mi nt trung gian, nt trung gian s c thng tin iu khin

v chuyn tip gi.
Ty thuc theo iu kin ca mng, thng tin cp nht ca nt trung gian, cc gi tin
c th i theo nhiu tuyn ng khc nhau n ch.
+ Chuyn mch thng ip: Ging nh chuyn mch gi nhng gi tin l cc thng
ip.
+ Chuyn mch t bo: Ging nh chuyn mch gi nhng gi tin c kch thc c
n v c gi l t bo (cell). Vic nh tuyn cho cc t bo c thc hin da trn
ng o (VP), knh o (VC).
Theo phm vi c mng LAN, MAN, WAN, GAN:
LAN: Mng c phm vi tng i nh (ta nh, trng hc) c ly trong vng vi
trm mt. Cc my c ni vi nhau qua ng truyn l cp ng trc, cp xon hoc
cp si quang. LAN thng c s dng trong phm vi mt c quan, t chc hoc cng
ty. Cc LAN c th ni vi nhau thnh WAN.
MAN: Mng c phm vi trong thnh ph, mt th, c ly trong vng 10km. ng
truyn khong 50 100 Mbps.
WAN: Mng c din tch trong mt quc gia hay chu lc, c ly khong 100km. Cc
kt ni thng c thc hin qua mng vin thng.
GAN: Mng ton cu, cho php kt ni nhiu chu lc vi nhau. Mt th d in hnh
cho mng ny l Internet. Cc kt ni thng c thc hin qua mng vin thng v v
tinh hoc cp si quang quc t.
1.2.

TNG QUAN V NH TUYN TRONG MNG MY TNH

1.2.1. nh ngha Router

Router l mt thit b thc hin tng th 3 (tng mng) ca m hnh OSI. N xc
nh tuyn ng ti u v vn chuyn cc nhm thng tin trong mt lin mng sau khi
hiu c giao thc mng. N dng mt bng nh tuyn (routing table) lu tr cc nh
x - cng a ch mng. Router m nhn hai chc nng chnh:
Phn cch cc mng my tnh thnh cc Broadcast domain (min qung b) gim
hin tng xung t, gim broadcast hay thc hin chc nng bo mt.

xiii

 Kt ni cc mng WAN (mng din rng) vi nhau thng qua cc ng truyn

thng: in thoi, ISDN, T1, X.25
Mt cch tng qut, router s nh tuyn cc gi tin theo cc bc sau:
c gi tin.
G b nh dng quy nh bi giao thc ca ni gi.
Thay th phn g b bng nh dng ca giao thc ch n.
Cp nht thng tin v vic chuyn d liu: a ch, trng thi ca ni gi, ni
nhn.
Gi gi tin n ni nhn qua ng truyn ti u nht.
Ngoi ra, Router cn c cu hnh m nhn cc chc nng nh Gateway, Proxy
1.2.2. Bng nh tuyn
Bng nh tuyn hay cn gi l bng chn ng (Routing table). Cc Host v Router
trn mng Internet u cha mt bng nh tuyn tnh ton cc chng tip theo cho gi
tin. Bng nh tuyn ny gn tng ng mi a ch ch vi mt a ch Router cn n
chng tip theo. a ch ch trong bng nh tuyn c th bao gm c a ch mng, mng
con v cc h thng c lp. Trong bng nh tuyn c th bao gm mt tuyn mc nh
c biu din bng a ch 0.0.0.0 (default route)
Bng nh tuyn c th c to ra bi ngi qun tr mng hoc t s trao i thng
tin nh tuyn gia cc Router bng cc giao thc nh tuyn ng. Bng nh tuyn c rt
nhiu dng nhng dng n gin v ph bin nht c th din t c ton b s hnh
mng bao gm cc thng tin sau:
+ a ch ch ca mng, mng con hoc h thng c lp.
+ a ch IP ca giao din Router k tip phi n.
+ Giao tip vt l trn Router phi s dng n chng k tip.
+ Mt n mng ca a ch ch.
+ Khong cch qun tr.
+ Thi gian (tnh theo giy) t khi Router cp nht ln cui.
Khi mt router khi ng, n ch bit v nhng giao din kt ni trc tip vi n. Cc
giao din xut hin trong bng nh tuyn c nh du bng ch C trong ct u tin ca
bng.
xiv

Hnh 1.4. Bng nh tuyn ca Router Cisco

1.2.3. Giao thc
Giao thc l mt tp hp cc lut l v tiu chun c thit k cho php cc my
tnh (v cc thit b) c th kt ni v trao i thng tin vi nhau. c th truyn thng
hiu qu trn mng, cc my tnh phi tun theo cc quy c chung v mt trong s cc quy
c chung l giao thc. C th hiu giao thc qua v d rt i thng: Mt ngi Vit
Nam khng th hiu c ch vit ca ngi Thi Lan, v h hiu v vit cc mu t (giao
thc) khc nhau.
C nhiu giao thc c s dng truyn thng trn mng, di y l mt s cc
giao thc tiu biu:
TCP: Thit lp kt ni gia cc my tnh truyn d liu. N chia nh d liu ra
thnh nhng gi (packet) v m bo vic truyn d liu thnh cng.
IP: nh tuyn cc gi d liu khi chng c truyn qua Internet, m bo d liu
s n ng ni cn nhn.
HTTP: Cho php trao i thng tin (ch yu dng siu vn bn) qua Internet.
FTP: Cho php trao i tp tin qua Internet.
SMTP: Cho php gi cc thng ip nh th in t (e-mail) qua Internet.
POP3: Cho php nhn cc thng tin th in t qua Internet.

MIME: Mt m rng ca giao thc SMTP l cho php gi km cc tp tin

nh phn, phim, nhc theo th in t.

WAP: Cho php trao i thng tin gia cc thit b khng dy nh in thoi di
ng.
1.2.4. Khi nim nh tuyn

xv

nh tuyn l cch thc m Router hay PC (hoc thit b mng khc) s dng
truyn pht cc gi tin ti a ch ch trn mng.

Hnh 1.5. nh tuyn trn mng Internet

Khi nim routing gn lin vi mng Intranet v Internet s dng m hnh nh tuyn
hop-by-hop. iu ny c ngha rng mi PC hay Router s tin hnh kim tra trng a
ch ch trong phn tiu ca gi IP, tnh ton chng tip theo (Next-hop) tng bc
chuyn gi IP dn n ch ca n v cc Router c tip tc pht cc gi ti chng tip
theo. Nh vy, cho ti khi cc gi IP n c ch. lm c vic ny th cc Router
cn phi c cu hnh mt bng nh tuyn (routing table) v giao thc nh tuyn
(routing protocol).
1.2.5. Phn loi nh tuyn
C nhiu cch phn loi nh tuyn, di y l mt s nh tuyn c bn
1.2.5.1.

nh tuyn tp trung

nh tuyn tp trung thng c s dng trong cc mng thng minh m cc node

mng t n gi lin quan n gin. Cc tuyn c tnh ton tp trung ti mt b x l
tuyn v sau phn b chng ra cc Router trn mng bt c khi no s cp nht c
yu cu. Hay ni cch khc, c c trng bi s tn ti ca mt (hoc vi) trung tm
iu khin mng thc hin vic nh tuyn. Sau , n gi cc bng nh tuyn ti tt c
cc nt dc theo con ng chn . Theo cch ny th cc nt mng c th hoc khng
gi bt k thng tin no v trng thi ca chng ti trung tm, hoc gi theo nh k hoc
ch gi khi trng thi mng thay i.
1.2.5.2.

nh tuyn phn tn
xvi

Cc vng phn chia thnh cc vng t tr AS. Cc thnh phn trong mt AS ch bit
v nhau, m khng quan tm ti cc thnh phn trong AS khc, khi c yu cu giao tip vi
cc AS khc s thng qua thnh phn bin AS. T cc giao thc nh tuyn c chia
thnh giao thc trong cng mt AS l IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) v giao thc giao
tip gia cc AS l EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).
1.2.5.3.

nh tuyn trong (Interior Routing)

nh tuyn trong xy ra bn trong mt h thng c lp (AS), phn t c th nh

tuyn c bn l mng hoc mng con IP, cc giao thc thng dng l RIP, IGRP, OSPF,
EIGRP
1.2.5.4.

nh tuyn ngoi (Exterior Routing)

nh tuyn xy ra gia cc h thng c lp (AS), v lin quan ti dch v ca nh

cung cp mng s dng giao thc nh tuyn ngoi rng v rt phc tp. Phn t c bn c
th c nh tuyn l h thng c lp (AS). Giao thc thng l BGP.

xvii

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

CHNG 2: NH TUYN VI GIAO THC BGP

2.1.

KHI NIM C BN V BGP

2.1.1. nh ngha
Nh ta bit Internet c to bi rt nhiu AS. BGP c s dng chia s thng
tin nh tuyn gia cc AS khc nhau. BGP s dng giao thc vn chuyn tin cy (reliable
transport protocol) trao i thng tin nh tuyn chnh l TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol). BGP s dng cng 179 thit lp kt ni. BGP h tr VLSM (variable-length
subnet mask), CIDR (classless interdomain routing), v summarization. iu ng ch v
BGP l n khng quan tm v intra-AS routing, n tin tng rng cc IGP c s dng
trong AS s m nhim intra-AS routing. M n ch cp ti inter-AS routing. Mt BGP
speaking device s chia s thng tin n c mng vi neighbor ca n. Thng tin n
c mng cha ng d liu da trn cc AS khc nhau m n i qua. Thng tin ny s
c BGP speaking device to graph ca tt c cc AS ang s dng. Graph s gip
cho BGP loi b c routing loop v m bo hiu lc ca policy cho AS ca n.
2.1.2. S cn thit ca BGP
BGP l mt giao thc nh tuyn phc tp, c dng nhiu trn Internet v trong cc
cng ty a quc gia. Giao thc ny c thit k kt ni cc AS, khng kt ni cc
subnets vi 1 AS. Mt AS l mt nhm cc router cng chia s mt chnh sch v hot
ng trong cng mt min nht nh. Mi AS c nh dng bi mt s v c cung cp
bi mt nh cung cp AS hoc bi cc ISPs. Con s ny c chia lm 2 loi: Public c gi
tr t 1 n 64511, private c gi tr t 64512 65535. Cc cng ty ln c th dng BGP
nh l mt kt ni gia cc mng cc quc gia khc nhau.
2.1.3. Thut ng BGP
Autonomous System: L mt h thng t tr.
BGP speaker: L Router m c ci t v chy giao thc BGP.
Peer/neighbor: : L hai b nh tuyn bt k hnh thnh nn mt kt ni TCP trao
i thng tin nh tuyn BGP. Cch gi peer v neighbor l nh nhau.
eBGP External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP): L giao thc nh tuyn c s
dng trao i thng tin nh tuyn gia cc BGP peer ca cc AS khc nhau.
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 1

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

iBGP Internal Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP): L giao thc nh tuyn s dng
trao i thng tin nh tuyn gia cc BGP peer ca cng chung mt AS
Inter-AS routing: L nh tuyn xy ra gia cc AS khc nhau.
Inter-AS routing: L nh tuyn xy ra trong cng mt AS.
2.1.4. Mt s tnh cht ca BGP
- BGP l mt giao thc nh tuyn dng path-vector v vic chn ng i tt nht
thng thng da vo mt tp hp cc thuc tnh.
- Nhim v ca BGP l m bo thng tin lin lc trao i thng tin nh tuyn gia
cc AS.
- BGP s dng giao thc TCP 179.
- BGP ch ra chnh xc danh sch ton b ng dn n ch.
- Chng vng lp rt hiu qu nh vo c ch xem xt cc tuyn ng m router gi
v xem c chnh bn thn AS trong hay khng nu c route s bit c ngay l b
lp v s loi b thng tin .
- Trong giai on u tin thit lp mi quan h BGP th ton b thng tin cp nht s
c trao i v sau s chuyn sang c ch trigger update.
- Mt im khc bit thy r nht ca BGP so vi cc giao thc nh tuyn loi IGP
(nh OSPF, RIP, EIGRP, IGRP,) l n khng quan tm n cc subnet c th trong
mt cng ty, c quan, m n quan tm n vic chuyn ti y thng tin n 1 AS
khc vi cc chnh sch nh tuyn (policy) cn thit.
- BGP c th s dng gia cc router trong cng 1 AS v khc AS. Khi BGP c
dng trong cng 1 AS th c gi l iBGP, cn dng kt ni cc AS khc nhau th gi
l eBGP.
2.2.

HOT NG CA BGP

BGP cho php truyn thng thng tin nh tuyn gia cc AS khc nhau tri khp th
gii. Trn hnh cho bit rt nhiu AS v chng s dng BGP chia s thng tin nh tuyn
gia cc AS khc nhau. Chng s dng 2 dng BGP thc hin iu : Internal BGP
(iBGP) v External BGP (eBGP)

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 2

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Hnh 2.1. H thng nhiu AS.

Tt c BGP speaking device cng trong mt AS s s dng iBGP lin lc vi mt
speaking khc. eBGP c s dng gia BGP speaking device ca AS khc nhau.
2.2.1. Cp nht bng nh tuyn
Chc nng ca BGP l trao i thng tin nh tuyn gia cc AS khc nhau v
m bo chn la tuyn thng sut khng b loop. Do BGP s dng giao thc TCP nn n
tha kt tnh tin cy v kt ni c hng ca TCP.
BGP xy dng mt biu hnh cy ca cc AS da trn thng tin gia cc BGP
neighbor m bo la chn tuyn khng loop. Kt ni gia hai AS bt k c th hin
bi ng Path
2.2.2. Thit lp mi quan h BGP neighbor
chy giao thc BGP th u tin cc router phi thit lp mi quan h neighbor
hay peer (c ngha l kt ni TCP phi c m bo). Sau khi thit lp c mi quan
h ny, cc router neighbor s trao i thng tin bng nhiu bn tin m v xc nhn cc
thng s kt ni. Tip chng s trao i thng tin v cc tuyn ng BGP. Sau khi trao
i thng tin ny c hon tt th cc cp nht thnh phn (incremental update) s c
gi i khi c s c trong mng ch khng truyn ton b bng nh tuyn (hot ng theo
c ch trigger-update). Nu nh khng c thng tin nh tuyn no c trao i th sau
thi gian keepalive (mc nh l 60s) cc router chy BGP s t ng ngt kt ni.
2.3.

NH DNG TIU CA BN TIN

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 3

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

BGP s tin hnh x l bn tin ch khi ton b bn tin c nhn. BGP yu cu mi

bn tin c kch thc nh nht l 19 octet v ti a l 4093 octet. Header ca message bao
gm nhng thng tin sau:

Hnh 2.2. nh dng tiu bn tin

Marker: trng ny di 16 byte. Trng Marker c s dng xc nh s mt
ng b gia mt tp BGP peer v chng thc cc bn tin BGP n (incoming BGP
message). Gi tr ca trng ny ph thuc vo loi bn tin. Nu l mt OPEN message n
s khng chc thng tin chng thc v Marker c gi tr l ton bit 1.
Length: trng ny c di l 2 byte. Trng Length cho bit di ca ton b
bn tin. Gi tr ca n bin i t 19 n cho n 4096.
Type: trng ny c di 1 byte. N cho bit loi bn tin c s dng. Vi mi
mt gi tr s tng ng vi kiu ca mt bn tin c quy nh nh sau:
1-

Bn tin OPEN

2-

Bn tin UPDATE

3-

Bn tin NOTIFICATION

4-

Bn tin KEEPALIVE

2.3.1. Bn tin OPEN

Bn tin OPEN l bn tin c gi u tin sau khi giao thc TCP c thit lp. Khi
bn tin OPEN c chp nhn, mt bn tin KEEPALIVE xc nhn bn tin OPEN c gi
tr li. Khi OPEN c xc nhn th cc bn tin UPDATE, KEEPALIVE,
NOTIFICATION mi c th c trao i. Bn tin OPEN ch gi v xc nhn mt ln sau
khi giao thc TCP c thit lp, khi c xc nhn m kt ni th thng ip OPEN
khng dng trao i na.
Cu to bn tin OPEN bao gm phn header phi c trong mi bn tin th gm cc
trng sau:
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 4

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Hnh 2.3. Cu to bn tin OPEN

Version: Trng ny c kch thc 1 bytes, n ch ra phin bn ca giao thc BGP
ang s dng.
Autonomous System: Trng ny c kch thc 2 byte, n ch ra s hiu mng AS
number ni gi bn tin ny.
Hold-Time: Trng ny c kch thc 2 byte, n chnh l s giy m ni gi t ra
cho b m thi gian Hold-Timer.
BGP Identifier: Trng ny c kch thc 4 byte, n ch ra ni gi thng ip ny.
Mt BGP speaker bao gi cng c nh dng bng mt a ch IP. V a ch IP ny
chnh l gi tr trong trng BGP Identifier.
Optional Parameters Length: Trng ny c kch thc 1 byte, n cho bit ton b
di ca trng Optional Parameters. Nu gi tr l 0 tc l khng c trng Optional
Parameters.
Optional Parameters: Trng ny c kch thc thay i, n cha mt danh sch cc
optional parameter m chng s c s dng trong qu trnh m phn vi neigbor. Mi
mt optional parameter c m ha v phn lm 3 thuc tnh, do , trng optional
parameters cng phn lm 3 trng nh tng ng vi cc thuc tnh ca optional
parameter.

Hnh 2.4. nh dng trng Otional Parameters ca bn tin OPEN

Parameter Type: C kch thc 1 byte, n ch r tng kiu parameters.
Parameter Length: C kch thc 1 byte cho bit di ca trng Parameter Value.
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 5

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Parameter Value: Trng ny c kch thc ty thuc vo kiu ca Parameter m

khai bo trong trng Parameter Type.
2.3.2. Bn tin UPDATE
Bn tin UPDATE c s dng truyn cc thng tin tuyn ng (routing
information) gia cc BGP peer. Thng tin trong bn tin ny c th c s dng xy
dng mt th m t lin kt gia cc AS khc nhau.
Mt thng ip UPDATE c s dng qung b mt feasible route ti mt peer
hoc rt li cc unfeasible route t dch v. N c th lm hai cng vic ny cng mt lc.
Cng nh nh dng bn tin OPEN, thng ip UPDATE cng bao gm phn header
v cc trng sau:

Hnh 2.5. nh dng bn tin UPDATE

Unfeasible Routes Length: Trng ny c kch thc 2 byte v cha ng di ca
trng Withdrawn Routes. Gi tr ca n l 0 cho bit trng Withdrawn Routes khng
c th hin trong bn tin UPDATE.
Withdrawn Routes: Trng ny c di thay i v cha mt danh sch nhng tin
t a ch IP (IP address prefixes) s b loi b. Vi mi tin t a ch IP c nh dng nh
sau:

Hnh 2.6. nh dng trng Withdrawn Routes ca thng ip UPDATE

Length: trng ny c di 1 byte v cha ng di (n v l bit) ca IP address
prefix. Nu c gi tr l 0 c ngha l tt c IP address prefix.
Prefix: c gi tr bin i v cha ng IP address prefix.
Total Path Attribute Length: Trng ny c kch thc 2 byte, n cho bit tng chiu
di ca trng Path Attribute.
Path Attribute: Trng ny c kch thc thay i, n cha mt chui cc thuc tnh
path, mi mt thuc tnh path l mt b 3 cu to nh sau:
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 6

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Hnh 2.7. nh dng trng Path Attribute ca bn tin UPDATE

Attribute Type: C kch thc 2 byte c chia lm 2 phn nh sau:

Hnh 2.8. nh dng trng Attribute Type

Attr.Flags:
- Bit cao th nht (bit 0), nu l 0 th thuc tnh l kiu Optional, nu l 1 th thuc
tnh l Well-Known.
- Bit cao th hai (bit 1), nu l 0 th thuc tnh l Transitive, nu l 1 th n l NonTransitive. Nu thuc tnh l kiu Well-Known th bit ny chc chn l 1.
- Bit cao th ba (bit 2), nu l 1 th Optional Transitive l Partial, nu l 0 th Optional
Transitive l Complete. Vi Well-Known v Optional Non-Transitive th bit ny l 0.
- Bit cao th 4 (bit 3), nu l 0 th Attibute Length c chiu di l 1 byte, nu l 1 th
Attribute Length c chiu di 2 byte. Trng hp Attribute Length c chiu di 2 byte ch
c s dng khi gi tr ca thuc tnh ln hn 255.
- Bn bit thp vn cha c s dng v mc nh l gi tr 0.
Attr. Type Code: Trong phn ny cha m ca thuc tnh, ng vi mi m l tn mt
thuc tnh.
Attribute Length: Phn ny c chiu di ph thuc vo bit cao th t ca Attr.Flags n
cho bit chiu di ca Attribute Value.
Attribute Value: Phn ny cho bit gi tr ca cc thuc tnh.
Sau y l mt s thuc tnh:
- ORIGIN
- AS_PATH
- NEXT_HOP
- MULTI_EXIT_DISC
- LOCAL_PREF
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 7

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Chi tit v cc thuc tnh ny s c trnh by trong cc phn sau.

Network Layer Reachability Information: Trng ny c kch thc thay i, n cha
mt danh sch cc IP address Prefix. Mi mt IP Address Prefix c m ha thnh h hai
ging nh trng Withdrawn routes. Nhng y l cc a ch dng qung b route ti
ch khng phi thu hi li nh trng Withdrawn routes.

Hnh 2.9. nh dng trng Network Layer Reachability Information

ngh ca Length v Prefix cng tng t nh trng Withdrawn routes.
2.3.3. Bn tin KEEPALIVE
Bn tin KEEPALIVE c s dng duy tr kt ni, chng c trao i mt cch
nh k gia cc peer kt ni BGP khng ri vo tnh trng HoldTime v thot.
Cu to thng ip KEEPALIVE ch bao gm phn header 19 byte.
2.3.4. Bn tin NOTIFICATION
Bt c khi no c mt li xy ra trong mt BGP session, BGP speaker pht ra mt
bn tin NOTIFICATION. Ngay sau khi BGP speaker c pht ra th phin kt ni s b
ngt. Bn tin NOTIFICATION bao gm error code, error sub-code s cho php ngi qun
tr thun li hn trong qu trnh g ri. nh dng ca bn tin NOTIFICATION nh sau:

Hnh 2.10. nh dng bn tin NOTIFICATION

2.4.

CC THUC TNH QUAN TRNG

2.4.1. Phn loi

Trong phn trc trnh by v bn tin UPDATE, trng path attribute trong thng
ip UPDATE l mt trng quan trng cha cc thng tin v cc thuc tnh ng i. C
4 loi thuc tnh c phn nh sau:
- Well-Know mandatory
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 8

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

- Well-Know discretionary
- Optional transitive
- Optional non-transitive
Well-Know mandatory: y l thuc tnh lun phi c trong mi thng ip
UPDATE, nu khng c thuc tnh ny th thng ip li.
Well-Know discretionary: y l thuc tnh c mi thit b h tr nhng khng
nht thit phi c trong mi thng ip UPDATE.
Optional transitive: y l thuc tnh m khng c tt c cc thit b h tr, nu
nhn c m khng hiu th n vn c truyn n cc neighbor ca n.
Optional non-transitive: y l thuc tnh c th khng tn ti tt c cc Router,
trng hp ny d hiu hay khng th n cng khng truyn cho cc neighbor ca n.
2.4.2. Cc thuc tnh c bn
2.4.2.1. Thuc tnh ORIGIN
ORIGIN l mt thuc tnh Well-Know mandatory. N c pht sinh t mt AS ni
bt ngun ra thng tin nh tuyn (routing information). N s c cha trong bn tin
UPDATE ca tt c cc BGP speaker chn truyn thng tin ny ti cc BGP speaker
khc. Gi tr ca n ch c th l 1 trong cc gi tr sau:
Gi tr

ngha

IGP

EGP

INCOMPLETE
2.4.2.2. Thuc tnh AS_PATH

AS_PATH l mt thuc tnh Well-Know mandatory. Thuc tnh ny xc nh cc AS

m thng tin nh tuyn c mang trong bn tin UPDATE i qua. Mt BGP speaker s
truyn mt route ngay khi n nhn c bn tin UPDATE t mt BGP speaker khc, n s
thm vo thuc tnh AS_PATH s hiu mng (AS number) ca chnh n ri mi gi i.
Vy gi tr ca thuc tnh ny c to ra t mt chui cc AS path v mi mt AS path
segment th hin thnh b ba < path segment type, path segment length, path segment
value>.
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 9

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Path segment type: Kch thc 1 byte cha gi tr.

1- AS_SET: Tp hp cc AS cha sp xp m bn tin UPDATE i ngang qua.
2- AS_SEQUECE: Tp hp cc AS sp xp m bn tin UPDATE i ngang
qua.
Path segment length: Kch thc 1 byte cha s lng cc AS trong trng path
segment value.
Path segment value: Cha mt hoc nhiu AS number, mi mt AS number chim
kch thc 2 byte.
- Khi mt BGP speaker qung b mt route ti mt BGP speaker khc nm trong
cng mt AS, BGP speaker s khng thm g vo thuc tnh ny trong route gi i.
- Khi mt BGP speaker qung b mt route ti mt BGP speaker nm mt AS bn
cnh th BGP speaker s thm vo AS number ca chnh n theo cch nh sau:
+ Nu path segment type u tien ca thuc tnh l 2 (tc AS_SEQUECE) th thm
vo cui ca trng Path segment value.
+ Nu path segment type u tin ca thuc tnh l 1 (tc AS_SET) th n s thm
vo mt path segment type mi vi gi tr 2 (tc AS_SEQUECE) v s hiu mng (AS
number) ca chnh n.
Thuc tnh ny a ra trnh cc hin tng loop nh trong v d sau y:

Hnh 2.11. M t thuc tnh AS_PATH ca BGP

AS1 bt u mt route c a ch 172.16.1.0/24 qung b ti AS2 v AS3, t thuc
tnh AS_PATH l AS_path 1. AS3 v AS2 s qung b tip vi AS_path 3,1 v AS_path
2,1. AS1 s khng nhn li cc route khi n tm thy trong route ny c cha AS number
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 10

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

ca chnh n. Do cc route ny s b loi b. y chnh l c ch trng loop. AS3 v

AS2 qung b route cho nhau v u thm vo AS number ca n v AS_PATH. Tuy
nhin, cc route vn khng c ci t vo trong bng nh tuyn v AS2 v AS3 ang
c nhn route cng mt a ch 172.16.1.0/24 vi danh sch AS_path ngn hn.
2.4.2.3. Thuc tnh NEXT_HOP
L mt thuc tnh Well-Known mandatory, gi tr ca n l mt a ch IP ca mt
Router ng vin m cn phi c s dng nh mt chng k tip ti ch c
list trong trng Network Layer Reachability Information ca bn tin UPDATE.
Vi cc peer EGBP, th a ch IP c l a ch ca neighbor qung b cc route .
Vi cc peer IBGP, th a ch IP ny c duy tr t mt neighbor qung b ti qua
EGBP.
hiu hn ta xem minh ha sau:

Hnh 2.12. M t thuc tnh NEXT_HOP ca EBGP

Router C qung b route t mng 172.16.1.0 vi Next hop l 10.1.1.1. Khi Router A
qung b route ny trong AS ca n th Next hop ca EGBP vn c duy tr qung b
ti cc neigtbor trong cng mt AS. Trong trng hp route xut pht t mt Router trong
cng mt AS th next hop ca n chnh l IP ca Router qung b route nh minh ha
di y.

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 11

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Hnh 2.13. M t thuc tnh NEXT_HOP ca IGBP

2.4.2.4. Thuc tnh MULTI_EXIT_DISC
L mt thuc tnh Optional non-transitive. N c s dng khi tn ti nhiu ng
gia hai AS. Gi tr ca n c gi l metric, mt route cng c qung b t AS1 ti
AS2 vi 2 ng khc nhau th gi tr metric no nh hn s c u tin hn. Nh trong
hnh minh ha di y.

Hnh 2.14. M t thuc tnh MULTI_EXIT_DISC ca BGP

Router C ang qung b min mng 172.16.1.0 vi metric bng 10. Trong khi Router
D ang qung b route min mng 172.16.1.0 vi me tric bng 5. Gi tr thp hn ca
metric s c u tin. Do vy, AS 100 s chn route i t Router D cho mng 172.16.1.0
trong AS200. MEDs c qung b ton b trong AS.
2.4.2.5. Thuc tnh LOCAL_PREF
LOCAL_PREF l thuc tnh Well-Known discretionary. Thuc tnh ny c ngha l
cho php chn ng mong mun khi ra khi 1 AS. N c biu din bng mt con s v
c so snh tm ng i (trong nhiu ng i ca 1 AS) n ch (2 hoc nhiu AS
khc). ng i no c gi tr Local Preference cao hn s c chn. Thuc tnh ny ch
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 12

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

c ngha trong phm vi 1 AS v khng bao gi gi ra khi AS , v vy tt c cc router

c cng mt quyt nh chung n mt route bn ngoi.

Hnh 2.15. M t thuc tnh LOCAL_PREF ca BGP

Trong AS100 ang nhn 2 s qung b t mt a ch mng 172.16.1.0 ca AS200.
Router A nhn s qung b t mng 172.16.1.0, tng ng vi local preference l 50.
Router B nhn s qung b t mng 172.16.1.0, tng ng vi local preference l 100. Gi
tr ca thuc tnh local preference s c trao i gia A v B. Bi v, Router B c local
preference cao hn Router A nn Router B s c s dng lm exit point ca AS 100
ti mng 172.16.1.0 trong AS 200.
2.4.2.6. Thuc tnh Weight
Thuc tnh ny tng t nh Local Preference im l n s u tin s dng route
c gi tr weight cao hn. Tuy nhin im khc bit l n ch c ngha trong ni b 1
router ch khng gi thng tin cho nhng router bn cnh. C ngha l m hnh p dng
cho thuc tnh ny l mt router i ra ngoi internet c ni vi 2 hay nhiu nh cung cp
dch v (khc vi m hnh s dng thuc tnh Local Preference l 2 hay nhiu router trong
cng AS c ni vi 2 hay nhiu nh cung cp dch v).
V d:
Mt Cng ty A mua hai ng kt ni ra ngoi internet bi hai nh cung cp dch
v l ISP 1 v ISP 2 thng qua R3. Nu qun tr mng ca Cng ty A mun mng ca mnh
ra ngoi internet thng qua dch v ca nh cung cp ISP 1 th t trng s Weight trn
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 13

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Interface kt ni vi ISP 1 l 150 v trn Interface cn li c con s cao hn l 200. Lc

ny, nu mng n nh th mi gi tin ra ngoi internet n R3 u i qua nh cung cp
dch v ISP 1.

Hnh 2.16. M t Thuc tnh Weight

2.5.

THUT TON TM NG I TT NHT CA BGP

BGP s gn ng i hp l u tin nh l ng i tt nht hin c. Sau BGP

s so snh ng i tt nht ny vi ng i k tip trong danh sch cho ti khi no hon
tt tt c cc ng trong danh sch ng i hp l. Di y l danh sch cc lut c
dng xc nh ng i tt nht.
- u tin ng i c trng s WEIGHT cao nht. WEIGHT l mt thng s do
Cisco a ra. Thng s ny ch c nh hng trong phm vi ni b ca router c cu
hnh dng thng s ny.
- u tin ng c LOCAL_PREF cao nht. Nhng ng i khng c thuc tnh
LOCAL_PREF s c gi tr mc nh l 100.
- u tin nhng ng i c ngun gc t lnh network hoc lnh aggregate hoc
thng qua qu trnh redistribution t mt IGP. Cc ng i c ngun gc t lnh network
hoc lnh redistribution c u tin hn nhng ng i c ngun gc t lnh aggregate.
- u tin nhng ng i c thuc tnh AS_PATH ngn nht. Bc ny s b b qua
nu bin bgp bestpath as-path c cu hnh. Mt tp hp AS_SET s c m t 1, bt
chp c bao nhiu AS bn trong tp hp. Cc bin AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE v
AS_CONFED_SET s khng bao gm trong AS_PATH.
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 14

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

- u tin cc ng i c ngun gc thp nht. IGP th thp hn EGP v EGP th thp

hn INCOMPLETE.
- u tin nhng ng i c gi tr MED nh nht. S so snh ny ch c thc hin

nu AS u tin l ging nhau cho c hai ng i. Bt c mt AS con ca confederation

s b b qua. Ni cch khc, ME c so snh ch nu gi tr AS u tin trong
AS_SEQUENCE l ging nhau. Nu lnh bgp always-compare-med c cu hnh, MED
c so snh cho tt c cc ng i c th. Nu dng chn la ny, tt c cc router trong
AS phi c cu hnh vi chn la bgp always-compare-med, nu khng routing loop s
xy ra. Nu thng s bgp bestpath med-confed c cu hnh, MED s c so snh trn
tt c cc ng i m ch cha bin AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE (l nhng ng i xut
pht t local confederation). Nhng ng i c nhn t mt router lng ging c gi tr
MED l 4,294,967,295 s c gi tr MED thay i n 4,294,967,294 trc khi c chn
vo bng BGP. Nhng ng i c nhn m khng c MED c cu hnh s c gn
gi tr MED bng 0.
- u tin nhng ng i eBGP so vi iBGP. Nu ng i tt nht c chn la,
qua bc 9.
- u tin nhng ng i c IBP metric thp nht n BGP next-hop.
- Kim tra xem c nhiu ng i d phng cn phi ci t vo bng routing hay
khng. Nu c hai ng i l t bn ngoi, u tin ng i c nhn trc (ng i
c nht). Bc ny s b b qua nu:
+ Lnh bgp best path compare-routerid c dng.
+ RouterID l ging nhau cho nhiu ng i v cc routes c nhn t cng 1
router.
+ Hin ti khng c mt ng i tt nht.
- u tin nhng ng i n t BGP router c routerID nh nht. Gi tr routerID l
a ch IP cao nht trn router. Gi tr ny cng c th c gn bng lnh bgp router-id.
Nu mt ng i cha 1 route-reflector, thuc tnh Originator ID ca Route-Reflector s
thay th cho routerID.

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 15

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

- Nu RouterID l ging nhau cho nhiu ng i, u tin ng i c s cluster l t

nht. iu ny ch ng trong mi trng BGP route-reflector. N cho php nhng thnh
vin trong Route-Reflector thit lp quan h peer vi cc thnh vin trong cc RR khc.
- u tin nhng ng i n t nhng lng ging c a ch thp nht. a ch ny l

a ch c dng trong lnh neighbor.

2.6.

MT S LI V CCH X L

2.6.1. Li phn Header ca bn tin

Li c pht hin khi x l phn header ca bn tin. Bn tin NOTIFICATION s
c gi vi m li l li header ca bn tin. Error Subcode s chi tit ha li ny.
Nu li xy ra trng Marker th Error Subcode s bo li l Connection Not
Synchronized.
Trong trng hp bn tin c chiu di nh hn 19 byte hoc ln hn 4096 byte th
Error Subcode s bo li Bad Message Length.
Trng hp li th ba l trng Type ca phn header khng ph hp vi mt trong
4 kiu bn tin, Error Subcode s bo li l Bad Message Type.
2.6.2. Li bn tin OPEN.
Li c pht hin trong qu trnh x l bn tin OPEN. Bn tin NOTIFICATION s
c gi vi m li l li bn tin OPEN. Error Subcode s ch tit ha li ny nh sau:
Nu s c cha trong trng Version ca bn tin OPEN nhn khng c h tr
th Error Subcode thit lp l Unsupported Version Number.
Nu trng Autonomous System ca bn tin OPEN m gi tr ca n khng chp
nhn c (khng thuc phm vi ca giao thc) th Error Subcode thit lp Bad Peer AS.
Nu gi tr ca trng Hold Time khng th chp nhn c th Error Subcode thit
lp l Unacceptable Hold Time.
Nu gi tr ca trng BGP Identifier m khng ng c php (tc khng hp l a
ch IP host) th Error Subcode thit lp l Bad BGP Identifier.
Nu mt trong cc Optional Parameter m khng c chp nhn th Error Subcode
thit lp l Unsupported Optional Parameters.

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 16

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Nu thng ip OPEN mang theo mt Optional Parameter l Authentication

information th th tc authentication (xc minh) s c gi. Nu kt qu l fail th Error
Subcode thit lp l Authentication Failure.
2.6.3. Li bn tin UPDATE
Li c pht hin trong qu trnh x l bn tin UPDATE. Bn tin NOTIFICATION
s c gi vi m li l li bn tin UPDATE. Error Subcode s chi tit ha li ny nh
sau:
Nu gi tr ca trng Unfeasible Routes Length hoc Total Attribute Length qu ln
th Error Subcode thit lp l Malformed Attribute List.
Nu trong trng thuc tnh m c Attribute Flags mu thun vi Attribute Type code
th Error Subcode thit lp l Attribute Flags Error.
Nu trong Attribute Length c gi tr khng ng vi chiu di yu cu (da trn m
ca thuc tnh) th Error Subcode thit lp l Attribute Length Error.
Nu khng c bt k thuc tnh well-known mandatory no th Error Subcode thit
lp l Missing Well-known Attribute.
Nu bt k thuc tnh well-known mandatory no m khng c chp nhn th Error
Subcode thit lp l Unrecognized Well-known Attribute.
Nu thuc tnh ORIGIN c gi tr khng xc nh th Error Subcode thit lp l
Invalid Origin Attribute.
Nu trng ca thuc tnh Next_Hop m sai c php (tc khng hp l a ch IP
host) th Error Subcode thit lp l Invalid NEXT_HOP Attribute.
Nu thuc tnh AS_PATH m sai c php th Error Subcode thit lp l Malformed
AS_PATH.
Nu pht hin gi tr ca mt thuc tnh Optional khng hp l th Error Subcode thit
lp l Optional Attribute Error.
Nu bt k mt thuc tnh no xut hin nhiu hn 1 trong cng mt bn tin
UPDATE th Error Subcode thit lp l Malformed Attribute List.
Trng NLRI ca bn tin UPDATE m khng hp l th Error Subcode thit lp l
Invalid Network Field.
2.6.4. Li bn tin NOTIFICATION
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 17

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Nu mt peer gi mt bn tin NOTIFICATION nhng bn tin ny li b li th mt

bn tin NOTIFICATION s c gi sau vi m li v Error Subcode khng xc nh
(bng 0).
2.6.5. Li bn tin Hold Timer Expired
Mt h thng m khng nhn c lin tip cc bn tin KEEALIVE/ UPDATE/
NOTIFICATION trong khong thi gian xc nh trng Hold Time ca bn tin
OPEN th bn tin NOTIFICATION s c gi vi m li Hold Timer Expired Error Code
v kt ni s c ng li.
2.6.6. Li Finite State Machine
Li c pht hin trong trng thi ca BGP xut hin nhng trng hp xung t.
Mt bn tin NOTIFICATION s c gi vi m li Finite State Machine Error.
2.6.7. Cease
y l trng hp mt BGP peer mun ng kt ni bt k thi gian no n s gi
mt bn tin NOTIFICATION vi m li Cease.
2.6.8. Li xung t kt ni
Nu mt cp BGP speaker ang c gng cng thit lp mt kt ni TCP ln nhau. Hai
kt ni ny c th c thit lp gia chng v y l mt s xung t. Mt trong hai kt
ny s phi ng li. Khi mt kt ni no mun ng li th s gi mt bn tin
NOTIFICATION vi m li l Cease.

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 18

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

CHNG 3. M PHNG H THNG MNG S DNG

GIAO THC NH TUYN BGP

3.1.

M HNH H THNG MNG S DNG NH TUYN BGP

Xy dng mt h thng mng nh hnh v:

Hnh 3.1. M hnh mng m phng

Trong m hnh ny, cu hnh kt ni IBGP v EBGP, s dng local preference v
MED chn ng i ra v i vo mng.
Trong mng ni b gm c VH1 v VH2 chy giao thc nh tuyn EIGRP, v trn
ISP chy BGP vi AS = 200, VH1 v VH2 vi AS=64512.
Cu hnh v gn a ch IP cho cc interface nh trong hnh.
3.2.

CI T V KIM TRA H THNG

3.2.1. Ci t giao thc BGP

Mt s lnh lin quan n config cc router
Config

Cu hnh cc thit b (Router, Switch, PC)

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 19

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Disable
Disconnect
Enable
End
Exit
Hostname
Ping

Tt cc lnh c quyn
Ngt mt kt ni mng
Bt cc lnh c quyn
Kt thc cu hnh
Thot ra khi lnh
t tn Router
Kim tra kt ni

Mt s lnh dng ci t BGP

Router bgp Asnumber
Neighbor ip-address remote-as
Neighbor ip-address next-hop-self
Network address mask mask
Show ip bgp
Show ip route
Show ip bgp summary
Show ip bgp Neighbor

Ci t router thuc AS
Khai bo cc Neighbor
nh ngha Neighbor l mt Next hop self
nh ngha Neighbor c qung b bi BGP
a ra bng BGP
a ra bng nh tuyn
a thng tin cc trng thi ca cc Neighbor
a thng tin chi tit cc trng thi ca cc
Neighbor

Hng dn cu hnh
- Bc 1: To s

Kt ni cp theo nh s v khi ng router

- Bc 2: Cu hnh cc thng s c bn trn cc router
RouterR1(hostname ISP)
Router(config)#hostname ISP
ISP(config)#enable password cisco
ISP(config)#no ip domain-lookup
ISP(config)#banner motd #Vo phan su mien vao#
ISP(config)#line console 0
ISP(config-line)#logging synchoronous
ISP(config-line)#password cisco
ISP(config-line)#login
ISP(config-line)#exit
ISP(config)#lin vty 0 4
ISP(config-line)#password cisco
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 20

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

ISP(config-line)#login
ISP(config-line)#exit
ISP(config)#interface serial 1/0
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.252
ISP(config-if)#no shutdown
ISP(config-if)#clock rate 64000
ISP(config-if)#exit
ISP(config)#interface serial 1/1
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
ISP(config-if)#no shutdown
ISP(config-if)#clock rate 64000
ISP(config-if)#exit
ISP(config)#interface loopback 0
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
ISP(config-if)#exit
RouterR2(hostname VH1)
Router(config)#hostname VH1
VH1(config)#enable password cisco
VH1(config)#no ip domain-lookup
VH1(config)#banner motd #Vo phan su mien vao#
VH1(config)#line console 0
VH1(config-line)#logging synchoronous
VH1(config-line)#password cisco
VH1(config-line)#login
VH1(config-line)#exit
VH1(config)#lin vty 0 4
VH1(config-line)#password cisco
VH1(config-line)#login
VH1(config-line)#exit
VH1(config)#interface serial 1/0
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 21

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

VH1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.252

VH1(config-if)#no shutdown
VH1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
VH1(config-if)#exit
VH1(config)#interface serial 1/1
VH1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
VH1(config-if)#no shutdown
VH1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
VH1(config-if)#exit
VH1(config)#interface loopback 0
VH1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.64.1 255.255.255.0
VH1(config-if)#exit
RouterR2(hostname VH2)
Router(config)#hostname VH2
VH2(config)#enable password cisco
VH2(config)#no ip domain-lookup
VH2(config)#banner motd #Vo phan su mien vao#
VH2(config)#line console 0
VH2(config-line)#logging synchoronous
VH2(config-line)#password cisco
VH2(config-line)#login
VH2(config-line)#exit
VH2(config)#lin vty 0 4
VH2(config-line)#password cisco
VH2(config-line)#login
VH2(config-line)#exit
VH2(config)#interface serial 1/0
VH2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252
VH2(config-if)#no shutdown
VH2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 22

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

VH2(config-if)#exit
VH2(config)#interface serial 1/1
VH2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
VH2(config-if)#no shutdown
VH2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
VH2(config-if)#exit
VH2(config)#interface loopback 0
VH2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.32.1 255.255.255.0
VH2(config-if)#exit
- Bc 3: Cu hnh EIGRP
Cu hnh EIGRP gia 2 router: VH1 v VH2
Router VH1
VH1(config)#router eigrp 64512
VH1(config-router)#no auto-summary
VH1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
VH1(config-router)#exit
Router VH2
VH2(config)#router eigrp 64512
VH2(config-router)#no auto-summary
VH2(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
VH2(config-router)#exit
- Bc 4: Cu hnh EBGP v IBGP
Router ISP
ISP(config)#router bgp 200
ISP(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 64512
ISP(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.6 remote-as 64512
ISP(config-router)#network 192.168.100.0
ISP(config-router)#exit
Router VH1
VH1(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 23

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

VH1(config)#router bgp 64512

VH1(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.32.1 remote-as 64512
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.32.1 update-source loopback 0
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.5 remote-as 200
VH1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
VH1(config-router)#exit
Router VH2
VH1(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0
VH1(config)#router bgp 64512
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.64.1 remote-as 64512
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.64.1 update-source loopback 0
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 200
VH1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
VH1(config-router)#exit
- Bc 5: Cu hnh Next-hop-Self trn cc Router VH1 v VH2

Trc khi Router ISP c th ping thnh cng cc giao din ni tip ni b ca AS
64512, c 2 vn cn c gii quyt. Th nht l, Router VH1 khng bit ng lin kt
gia Router ISP v VH2. Th 2, Router VH2 cng khng bit v ng lin kt gia
Router ISP v VH1. iu ny c th c gii quyt bng cch qung b cc ng lin
kt thng qua BGP trn Router ISP.
Router ISP
ISP(config)#router bgp 200
ISP(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.252
ISP(config-router)#network 192.168.1.4 mask 255.255.255.252
Router VH1
VH1(config)#router bgp 64512
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.32.1 next-hop-self
Router VH2
VH2(config)#router bgp 64512
VH2(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.64.1 next-hop-self
Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 24

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

3.2.2. Kim tra h thng

- Kim tra hng xm BGP trong ISP, VH1, VH2 vi cu lnh:
Router ISP
ISP#Show ip bgp summary

Router VH1
VH1#Show ip bgp summary

Router VH2
VH2#Show ip bgp summary

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 25

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

- Kim tra bng BGP trong ISP,VH1,VH2

Router ISP
ISP#Show ip bgp

Router VH1
VH1#Show ip bgp

Router VH2
VH2#Show ip bgp

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 26

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong ISP, VH1,VH2

Router ISP
ISP#Show ip route

Router VH1
VH1#Show ip route

Router VH2
VH2#Show ip route

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 27

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

3.3.

TI U H THNG

Cu hnh ng i t cc Router VH ra ngoi ISP v ngc li s i theo ng

192.168.1.4/30 v ng cn li s lm d phng.
-

Bc 1: Cu hnh gi tr BGP Local Preference trn Router VH

Router VH1
VH1(config)#router-map PRIMARY_T1_IN permit 10
VH1(config-route-map)#set local-preference 150
VH1(config-route-map)#exit
VH1(config)#router bgp 64512
VH1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.5 route-map PRIMARY_T1_IN in
Router VH2
VH2(config)#router-map SECONDARY_T1_IN permit 10
VH2(config-route-map)#set local-preference 125
VH2(config-route-map)#exit
VH2(config)#router bgp 64512
VH2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 route-map SECONDARY_T1_IN in

Bc 2: Cu hnh gi tr BGP MED

Router VH1
VH1(config)#router-map PRIMARY_T1_MED_OUT permit 10
VH1(config-route-map)#set metric 50
VH1(config-route-map)#exit

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 28

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

VH1(config)#router bgp 64512

VH1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.5 route-map PRIMARY_T1_MED_OUT
out
Router VH2
VH2(config)#router-map SECONDARY_T1_MED_OUT permit 10
VH2(config-route-map)#set metric 75
VH2(config-route-map)#exit
VH2(config)#router bgp 64512
VH2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 route-map
SECONDARY_T1_MED_OUT out
-

Bc 3: Thit lp mt tuyn ng mc nh
Router VH1
VH1(config)#ip default-network 192.168.100.0
Router VH2
VH2(config)#ip default-network 192.168.100.0

- Bc 4: Kim tra li mng sau khi ti u

Router ISP
ISP#clear ip bgp *
ISP#show ip bgp

Router VH1
VH1#clear ip bgp *
VH1#show ip bgp

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 29

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Router VH2
VH2#clear ip bgp *
VH2#show ip bgp

KT LUN

Hin nay, BGP lm mt giao thc nh tuyn c s dng rt rng ri. N c s

dng ch yu cho mng Internet v mt s mng ln khc m cc giao thc khc khng
p ng c. K t khi ra i, BGP vn lun lun c nghin cu v pht trin. N ngy
cng p ng c nhu cu s dng ca con ngi
Cho n by gi vn cha c mt giao thc no c pht trin v thay th v tr ca
BGP. iu ny chng t rng BGP c nhiu tnh nng ni bt. Mt trong nhng tnh nng
ni bt l:
BGP h tr tm ng phi phn lp (CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing) v dng
k thut kt hp ng i gim kch thc bng tm ng (v d nu mt mng chim
255 a ch lp C t 203.162.0.0/24 203.162.254.0/24 th ch dng 1 a ch
203.162.0.0/16 nh dng mng).
Ngoi vic s dng nh tuyn gia cc AS. BGP c th s dng trong cc mng
ring quy m ln do OSPF khng p ng c.

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 30

Tm hiu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc BGP cho doanh nghip

Trong qu trnh tm hiu v ti, v nh tuyn BGP l mt giao thc nh tuyn kh

phc tp, cng nh thi gian, iu kin thc t v c bit l kin thc cn nhiu hn ch,
do ti ch dng mc cung cp nhng kin thc c bn nht v BGP. Vic trin khai
giao thc nh tuyn BGP trn mt h thng mng nh bng cng c gi lp do cha th
nh gi ht c nhng u nhc im ca giao thc BGP so vi mt s giao thc khc.
Trong thi gian ti s c gng tm hiu tht su sc l giao thc BGP cng nh tm kim c
hi c trin khai trn mt h thng tht ti ny ngy cng hon thin hn na.

Nguyn c Trung Lp CCMM03C

Trang 31

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
[1]

Ths.Trn Th Sn (2007), Gio trnh Mng my tnh

[2]

Ths.Trn Quc Vit (2011), Gio trnh nh tuyn v chuyn mch, NXB

Thng tin v truyn thng

Ting Anh
[3]

Clare Gough (2001), Cisco CCNP Routing Exam Certification Guide

[4]

Sam Halabi, Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition

Ngun t Internet
[5]

http://vi.wikipedia.org

[6]

http://pronet.edu.vn

[7]

http://nhatnghe.com

[8]

http://vnpro.org

[9]

http://en.wikipedia.org

[10]

http://cisco.com

32

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

33