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M u
Vit Nam l nc nng nghip vi 70% dn s sng nng thn, v th nng nghip ng vai tr v cng quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn. iu kin kh hu nc ta nng m quanh nm va tc ng tt n ma mng va to iu kin cho su bnh pht trin, ph hi ma mng. Hng nm nng nghip nc ta thng xy ra cc dch hi nng nghip ln do nm, vi khun, virus, cn trng, Vic s dng thuc tr su l rt cn thit. Vic s dng thuc tr su ha hc tuy cho hiu qu cao nhng bn cnh cng gy ra nhiu tc hi.
Cc vn trnh by
M U I. Gii thiu v thuc tr su sinh hc 1. Tnh hnh s dng thuc tr su ti nc ta 2. Thuc tr su sinh hc 3. Mt s ch phm thuc tr su sinh hc II. Sn xut thuc tr su sinh hc t Baculovirus 1. Gii thiu v Baculovirus 2. Chu trnh sng v c ch ly nhim ca Baculovirus 3. Vt ch ca Baculovirus 4. Quy trnh sn xut tr su sinh hc t Baculovirus KT LUN
Tnh hnh su bnh ca nc ta din ra kh ph bin v a dng nn tnh hnh s dng thuc tr su kh phc tp v thiu an ton do s hiu bit v thc ca ngi nng dn cha cao. Cc thuc thuc danh mc cm vn cn c s dng.
Thuc tr su sinh hc
Thuc tr su sinh hc l nhng ch phm sinh hc c sn xut ra t cc loi tho dc hay cc chng vi sinh vt c nui cy trn mi trng dinh dng khc nhau theo phng php th cng, bn th cng hoc phng php ln men cng nghip to ra nhng ch phm c cht lng cao, c kh nng phng tr c cc loi su, b gy hi cy trng nng, lm nghip. Thuc tr su sinh hc (TTSSH) c nghin cu v a vo ng dng thc tin c th khc phc c nhng hn ch ca thuc tr su ha hc (TTSHH).
TTSSH da trn nn tng khoa hc l s u tranh sinh tn t nhin gia cc loi trong th gii sinh vt. TTSSH ly t cc virus, vi khun nm cn trng, tuyn trng c ch, cc loi khng sinh v ha sinh trong t nhin u im ca TTSSH : Khng gy ra nhim mi trng Khng gy mt cn bng sinh thi Khng nh hng n cht lng sn phm Hiu qu ko di, lin tc t to ra tnh khng thuc su b
3. Ch phm M&B Dng nm xanh c dng tr ry, b xt , b ra. 4. Ch phm nm i khng Trichoderma tr bnh hi cy trng nh bnh l c r bp ci, nm t t 41,5-60%. 5. Ch phm tuyn trng EPN Biostar tr su xm hi thuc l, c bit l ma t hiu qu kh cao. 6. Ch phm ha sinh Momosertatin (MM) 2IU/lt tr cc loi su hi rau mu t 45- 50%. 7. Ch phm Ditacin 8% v Ketomium 1,5 x 106 Cfu/g, tr bnh hi trn cy n qu, cy lu nm.
Baculovirus
Ghi nhn u tin v baculovirus c t th k XVI vi bnh ho(wilting disease) trn tm. Bt u t nhng nm 1940 chng c s dng v nghin cu rng ri lm thuc t su sinh hc cho cy trng. Virus thuc h Baculoviridae, c dng hnh que, hnh gy, kch thc 40-70 nm x 250-400 nm. (80-180 kbp). L nhng virus cha DNA mch kp, t l G.C khong 35- 39%. Virus c mt Protein nm trong li DNA c bao bc bi 1 lp v lipoprotein trong c cc virion, nm trong th vi polyhedrosis Inclustion Body (PIB)
Nghin cu Baculovirus lm thuc tr su bi: Baculovirus ch tn cng ng vt khng xng sng, v c tnh c hiu cao. Chng c cu trc vi th bc bo v. Thu c nng cao trong m u trng (1010 virus/u trng). Ch phm c th gi hot tnh trong thi gian di. C nhiu trnh t ngn lp li ngoi cc trnh t m ha trn h gen.
SNPV
MNPV
Loi virus ny c th ly bnh rt mnh vi nhiu loi cn trng thuc b cnh vy Lepidoptera tp trung 2 h ch yu ngi m Noctindae, ngi sng Pyralidae. Virus ht: Granulosis Virus (GV). y l virus dng ht c hnh ovan, hnh elip, loi virus ny ch xm nhp ch yu vo t bo h b ca m m v huyt tng, c kh nng dit su cao.
GV
MNPV: V bc cha nhiu virion nn n c dng lm i tng nghin cu chnh trong cng ngh sn xut thuc tr su. c trng quan trng ca MNPV sn xut thuc tr su: C gen p10 v gen polyhedrin (VL). Cc gien ny khng nh hng n s sao chp ca baculovirus trong t bo nui cy, nhng c kh nng iu khin tng hp mt lng ln protein to th vi. C th loi b gen p10 v gien polyhedrin thay th bi cc gien ngoi lai cho php tng hp mt lng ln protein ngoi lai.
Mt s gen c biu hin Baculovirus tng hot tnh dit cn trng Gen Hormon li niu kch u trng Esteraza hormone c t B. Thuringiensis nh hng cua cc gen a vo ln cn trng ch Lng Hemolymph gim Gy ngng n Gy ngng n
c t b cp c t rp cy c t ong bp cy
Cu to ca Baculovirus
Baculovirus gm DNA si i di 80.000 153.000 Nu c bao bc bi hn hp protein gi l v capxit. Ngoi cng cn c bao bc lp v polyhedron. Khi hon chnh chu k nhn ln, nhiu baculovirus chm li vi nhau, bao bc trong mt th n nhp gi l polydera
Cu to ca Baculovirus
16
Virion
Th vi
- Th chi (BV - budded virus): BV ch cha mt nucleocapsid. Lp mng v thng l t mng t bo vt ch. Dng BV m trch ly nhim t t bo ny sang t bo khc bn trong cng mt vt ch. BV khng c kh nng tn ti ngoi mi trng.
C ch ly nhimBaculovirus
Vt ch ca Baculovirus:
Cho n nay ngi ta xc nh nhm virus ny gy bnh cho 6 b cn trng sau: Lepidoptera (b cnh vy) Diptera (b hai cnh) Coledoptera (b cnh cng) Hymenoptera (b cnh mng) Orthoptera (b cnh thng) Neuroptera (b cnh mch)
Baculovirus
Baculovirus l k sinh trng bt buc, ch nhim vo t bo sng v th vic nui cy t bo cn trng l v cng quan trng
Su ging Bung nui nhn to Sinh sn 7-9 ngy Thu u trng cht Sy (33-35oC)
Thu xc su kh
Nghin thnh bt
Nc ct
Lc Thu dch lc
Dch huyn ph
ng chai