CNG MUN O TO:K THUT S

M s mul:M29 Thi gian mul:90h (L thuyt:30h;Thc hnh 60h)

BI 1: GII THIU CHUNG 1)CC I LNG TNG T V S: 1.1)I LNG TNG T:

Tn hiu analog (tng t) l tn hiu c gi tr thay i mt cch lin tc.

1.2)I LNG S: i lng vt l c biu din di dng s, tc l nhng i lng ch c gi tr ri rc

1.3)BIU DIN I LNG TNG T V S:

-i lng tng t: th,hm s,bng gi tr. -i lng s: th,s thp phn,nh phn,bt phn,thp lc phn,bng chn l

2)CC H THNG TNG T V S:

2.1)H THNG TNG T

H THNG IU KHIN P SUT KH NN:

H THNG IU KHIN NG C 2.2)H THNG S: H thng s l mt kt hp ca cc thit b c thit k lm vic vi cc i lng vt l c miu t di dng s.

Mch iu khin t xa cc thit b trong nh dng vi iu khin at89s52

3)H THNG K THUT S-TNG T:

 s dng c h thng k thut s i vi u vo v u ra l dng tng t ta cn thc hin cc bc sau y: Bin i thng tin u vo dng tng t thnh dng s=> X l thng tin s=>Bin i u ra dng s v li dng tng t hiu c qu trnh chuyn i ta xem v d minh ha hnh 1.3 sau:

3.1)BIU DIN S NH PHN TRONG H THNG S: -nh ngha:H thng s l mt kt hp ca cc thit b c thit k lm vic vi cc i lng vt l c miu t di dng s. -Phn loi:

- Mt h thng s bao gm cc k t trong nh ngha cc php ton cng, tr,

nhn, chia. -H c s ca mt h thng s l tng k t c trong h thng s . -Trong k thut s c cc h thng s sau y:Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal. -Trong h thng nh phn (binary system) ch c hai gi tr s l 0 v 1.Nhng c th biu din bt k i lng no m h thp phn v h cc h thng s khc c th biu din c, tuy nhin phi dng nhiu s nh phn biu din i lng nht nh.

3.2)CC MC LOGIC V S NH PHN:

Binary 1: in p t 2V n 5V Binary 0: in p t 0V n 0.8V

Not used: in p t 0.8V n2V, vng ny c th gy ra li trong mch s.

3.3)DNG TN HIU NH PHN:

BI 2:CC CNG LOGIC C BN

1)CNG AND(MCH V) 1.1)CNG AND: Ng ra trng thi tch cc khi tt c cc ng vo trng thi tch cc.

1.2)K HIU: Cng AND c th c nhiu hn 2 ngvo.

1.3) TH THI GIAN:

1.4)BIU THC LOGIC: 1.5)BNG S THT:

x=A*B

1.6)NG DNG:

2)CNG OR(MCH HOC): 2.1)CNG OR:

2.2)K HIU:

2.3) TH THI GIAN:

2.4)BIU THC LOGIC: 2.5)BNG S THT:

x=A+B

2.6)NG DNG:

3)CNG NOT(MCH PH NH) 3.1)CNG INVERTER:

-Cng NOT lun lun ch c mt ng vo.

3.2)K HIU:

3.3) TH THI GIAN:

3.4)BIU THC LOGIC: x=A 3.5)BNG S THT:

3.6)NG DNG

4)CNG NAND(MCH V-PH NH): 4.1)CNG NAND:

4.2)K HIU:

4.3) TH THI GIAN:

4.4)BIU THC LOGIC: 4.5)BNG S THT:

4.6)NG DNG:

-Bt k mch logic no cng c thc xy dng t 3 cng logic c bn: NAND, NOR v NOT. 5)CNG NOR(MCH HOC PH NH): 5.1)CNG NOR:

5.2)K HIU:

5.3) TH THI GIAN:

5.4)BIU THC LOGIC: 5.5)BNG S THT:

5.6)NG DNG: -Bt k mch logic no cng c thc xy dng t 3 cng logic c bn: NAND, NOR v NOT. 6)CNG X-OR(MCH CNG MODULE 2)

6.1)CNG XOR: - Cng EX-OR ch c 2 ng vo v 1 ng ra 6.2)K HIU:

6.3) TH THI GIAN: 6.4)BIU THC LOGIC: - Dng thc hin hm EX-OR. 6.5)BNG S THT: 6.6)NG DNG: 7)THC HNH CC CNG LOGIC C BN: 7.1)TM HIU CC CNG LOGIC C BN: 7.2)KIM TRA CC MC LOGIC U RA: 7.3)V BIU THI GIAN KHI THAY I MC LOGIC U VO/TC NG CA DY XUNG CA CC CNG LOGIC: 7.4)XY DNG MCH NAND-NOR T CC CNG LOGIC C BN: 7.5)V BIU THI GIAN CA CC MCH NAND-NOR:

BI 3:CC H VI MCH S THNG DNG

1)NHNG C TRNG K THUT C BN CA IC S: 1.1)NHN BIT C CC K HIU -TTL

-CMOS:

1.2)C C CC THNG S CA LINH KIN: - VCC: in th ngun (power supply): khong in th cho php cp cho IC hot ng tt. Th d vi IC s h TTL, VCC=50,5 V , h CMOS VDD=3-15V (Ngi ta thng dng k hiu VDD v VSS ch ngun v mass ca IC h MOS) - VIH(min): in th ng vo mc cao (High level input voltage): y l in th ng vo nh nht cn c xem l mc 1 - VIL(max): in th ng vo mc thp (Low level input voltage): in th ng vo ln nht cn c xem l mc 0. - VOH(min): in th ng ra mc cao (High level output voltage): in th nh nht ca ng ra khi mc cao. - VOL(max): in th ng ra mc thp (Low level output voltage): in th ln nht ca ng ra khi mc thp. - IIH: Dng in ng vo mc cao (High level input current): Dng in ln nht vo ng vo IC khi ng vo ny mc cao. - IIL: Dng in ng vo mc thp (Low level input current) : Dng in ra khi ng vo IC khi ng vo ny mc thp - IOH: Dng in ng ra mc cao (High level output current): Dng in ln nht ng ra c th cp cho ti khi n mc cao. - IOL: Dng in ng ra mc thp (Low level output current): Dng in ln nht ng ra c th nhn khi mc thp.

- ICCH,ICCL: Dng in chy qua IC khi ng ra ln lt mc cao v thp.

IC cng NOT 74LS04 Trong qu trnh pht trin ca cng ngh ch to mch s ta c cc h: RTL (Resistor-transistor logic), DCTL (Direct couple-transistor logic), RCTL (Resistor-Capacitor-transistor logic), DTL (Diod-transistor logic), ECL (Emitter- couple logic) v.v.... n by gi tn ti hai h c nhiu tnh nng k thut cao nh thi tr truyn nh, tiu hao cng sut t, l h TTL (transistor-transistor logic) dng cng ngh ch to BJT v h MOS (Cng ngh ch to CMOS) Di y, ln lt kho st cc cng logic ca hai h TTL v MOS 2)IC S H TTL: 2.1)CU TO V NGUYN L LM VIC: Ly cng NAND 3 ng vo lm th d thy cu to v vn hnh ca mt cng c bn

(H 3.21)

Khi mt trong cc ng vo A, B, C xung mc khng T1 dn a n T2 ngng, T3 ngng, ng ra Y ln cao; khi c 3 ng vo ln cao, T1 ngng, T2 dn, T3 dn, ng ra Y xung thp. chnh l kt qu ca cng NAND. -c tnh cc lot TTL Cc IC s h TTL c sn xut ln u tin vo nm 1964 bi hng Texas Instrument Corporation ca M, ly s hiu l 74XXXX & 54XXXX. S khc bit gia 2 h 74XXXX v 54 XXXX ch hai im: 74: VCC=5 0,5 V v khong nhit hot ng t 0o C n 70o C 54: VCC=5 0,25 V v khong nhit hot ng t -55o C n 125o C Cc tnh cht khc hon ton ging nhau nu chng c cng s. Trc s 74 thng c thm k hiu ch hng sn xut. Th d SN ca hng Texas, DM ca National Semiconductor, S ca Signetics Ngoi ra trong qu trnh pht trin, cc thng s k thut (nht l tch s cng sut vn tc) lun c ci tin v ta c cc lot khc nhau: 74 chun, 74L (Low power), 74 H (High speed), 74S (Schottky), 74LS (Low power Schottky), 74AS (Advance Schottky), 74ALS (Advance Low power Schottky), 74F (Fast, Fair Child). Bng 3.1 cho thy mt s tnh cht ca cc lot k trn:

- Lot 74S: Cc transistor trong mch c mc thm mt Diod Schottky gia hai cc CB vi mc ch gim thi gian chuyn trng thi ca transistor do lm gim thi tr truyn. - Lot 74AS v 74ALS l ci tin ca 74S lm gim hn na gi tr tch s Cng sut - Vn tc. - Lot 74F: Dng k thut c bit lm gim din dung k sinh do ci thin thi tr truyn ca cng. 2.2)CC MCH NG DNG:

3)IC S H CMOS: 3.1)CU TO V NGUYN L LM VIC: H CMOS s dng hai loi transistor knh N v P vi mc ch ci thin tch s cng sut vn tc, mc d kh nng tch hp thp hn loi N v P. (H 3.30a), (H 3.30b) v (H 3.30c) l cc cng NOT, NAND v NOR h CMOS

Bng 3.3 cho thy quan h in th ca cc ng vo , ra cng NOT

3.2)CC MCH NG DNG:

BI 4:CC MCH S HC
1)KHI QUT CHUNG: 1.1)PHN TCH MCH T HP: V dqu trnh mtlnh cthc thi: -n v iu khin ra lnh cng mt s c ch nh trong b nh vi s c trong thanh ghi accumulator . -S cng c truyn t b nh n thanh ghiB. -D liu trong thanh ghiB v thanh ghi accumulator s c cng li vi nhau. - Kt qu s c lu vo trong thanh ghi accumulator -Gi trtrong thanh ghi accumulator s c gi cho n khi c lnh mi. 1.2THIT K MCH LOGIC T HP: - ALU (arithmetic/logic unit) s lydata t trong b nh thc thi nhng lnh theo control unit

2)MCH CNG NH PHN: 2.1)CU TRC MCH: -B cng nh phn song song

Vi A, B l gi tr cn cng. C l gi tr nh. S l kt qu ca php cng 2.2)NGUYN L HOT NG : -Qu trnh x l php cng

2.3)KT NI MCH CNG NH PHN:

3)MCH TR NH PHN: -Mch tr c s nh (mch tr ton phn): L mch tr 2 bit c quan tm ti s nh mang t bit trc

Dng bng Karnaugh xc nh c cc hm Dn v Rn

V mch (H 6.13)

-Nhn thy cu to mch tr ging nh mch cng, ch khc mch to s nh=>Ta c mch tr s nhiu bit bng cch mc song song cc mch tr 1 bit (H 6.14)

4)MCH SO SNH S NH PHN:

So snh 2 s 1 bit

S c 3 trng hp xy ra cho ng ra : A > B khi A = 1 v B = 0 A < B khi A = 0 v B = 1 A = B khi A = 1 = B hay A = 0 = B

Nhn thy Trng hp A = B l ng ra ca 1 cng EXNOR 2 ng vo A v B Trng hp A < B l ng ra ca 1 cng AND 2 ng vo A v Trng hp A > B l ng ra ca 1 cng AND 2 ng vo v B y c gi l mch so snh ln 1 bit. Cu trc mch s nh sau :

Hnh 2.2.2 Khi so snh 1 bit

Hnh 2.2.3 Mch so snh 1 bit

5)THC HNH KT NI CC MCH S HC: 5.1)MCH CNG NH PHN: 5.2)MCH TR NH PHN: 5.3)MCH SO SNH S NH PHN:

BI 5:MCH DN KNH-PHN KNH

1)MCH DN KNH: nh ngha: B hp knh l mch c 2n li vo d liu, n li vo iu khin, 1 li vo chn mch v 1 li ra.Tu theo gi tr ca n li vo iu khin m li ra s bng mt trong nhng gi tr li vo (Xj). Nu gi tr thp phn ca n li vo iu khin bng j th Y = Xj.

S khi ca MUX 2n => 1 (2n li vo, 1 li ra) c biu din hnh 4-17a. Phng trnh tn hiu ra l:

2)MCH KNH:

PHN

nh ngha: B phn knh l mch c 1 li vo d liu, n li vo iu khin, 1 li vo chn mch v 2n li ra.Tu theo gi tr ca n li vo iu khin m li ra th i (Yi) s bng gi tr ca li vo. C th nu gi n li vo iu khin l An-1An-2A0 th Yi = X khi (An-1An-2A1A0)2 = (i)10.

: S khi ca b DEMUX 1 li vo 2n li ra c biu din hnh 4-19.

3)THC HNH KT NI MCH DN KNH-PHN KNH: 3.1)MCH DN KNH: 3.2)MCH PHN KNH: 3.3)IC DN KNH-PHN KNH: 3.4)O KIM TRA V SA CHA CC H HNG:

BI 6:FLIP-FLOP
1)PHN T NH C BN: Mch flipflop (FF) l mch dao ng a hi lng n tc mch to ra sng vung v c hai trng thi n nh. Trng thi ca FF ch thay i khi c xung ng h tc ng. Mt FF thng c: - Mt hoc hai ng vo d liu, mt ng vo xung CK v c th c cc ng vo vi cc chc nng khc. - Hai ng ra, thng c k hiu l Q (ng ra chnh) v Q (ng ra ph). Ngi ta thng dng trng thi ca ng ra chnh ch trng thi ca FF. Nu hai ng ra c trng thi ging nhau ta ni FF trng thi cm. Flipflop c th c to nn t mch cht (latch).im khc bit gia mt mch cht v mt FF l: FF chu tc ng ca xung ng h cn mch cht th khng. Ngi ta gi tn cc FF khc nhau bng cch da vo tn cc ng vo d liu ca chng. -Mch cht cng NAND + Mch chtcng NAND l mt flip-flop ngin.

+ Mch chtchaingvolset vclear (preset). + Ng vo tch ccmcthp, ng ra s thay i trng thi khi c xung thp ng vo. + Khi mch trng thi set: + Khi mch trng thi clear (preset):

+ SET = RESET = 1. Trng thi n nh, ng ra vngi trng thi trc . + SET = 0, RESET = 1. Q mccao. + SET = 1, RESET = 0. Q mcthp. + SET = RESET = 0. Ng ra khng c xc nh chnh xc do c hai trng thi set v clear cng tc ng. -Mch cht cng NOR + Tng t nh mch cht cng NAND ch khc v tr hai ng ra Q v Q c thay i cho nhau. + Ng vo tch cc mc cao

-RS ng b

3)FLIP-FLOP D - Ch c mt ng vo D, tng ng vi ng vo data. - Ng ra Q s c cng gi tr vi ng vo D khi c tc ng ca cnh xung clock. - Trong nhng thi im khc, D-FF s lu gi tr trc ca n. - c s dng trong ng dng truyn d liu song song. 4)T-FF

Ni chung hai ng vo J v K ca FF JK ta c FF T (H 5.10c). Tnh cht ca FF T th hin trong bng s tht 5.10: - Khi T=0, FF khng i trng thi d c tc ng ca CK. - Khi T=1, FF i trng thi mi ln c xung CK tc ng. 5)JK-FLIP FLOP: FF JK c to ra t FF RS theo s nh (H 5.9a).

(a) (H 5.9)

(b)

(H 5.9b) l k hiu FF JK c ng vo Pr v Cl tc ng thp. Bng s tht 5.7 ( n gin, ta b qua cc ng vo Pr v Cl)

Bng 5.8 l bng rt gn, suy ra t bng 5.7 Kt qu t bng 5.8 cho thy: FF JK thot khi trng thi cm v thay vo l trng thi o (khi J=K=1 th Q+=Q). Ngi ta li dng trng thi o ny thit k mch m .

6)THC HNH CC NG DNG CA FLIP-FLOP: 6.1)B M KHNG NG B 6.2)B M VI S NH HN 2N 6.3)B M LI 6.4)B M KHNG NG B 6.5)B M TIN LI NG B 6.6)B M C THIT LP TRC 6.7)O KIM TRA SA CHA CC H HNG

BI 7)M HA V GII M
1)KHI QUT CHUNG: -Mt s loi m thng dng.

-MCH M HA V +M ha l gn

GII M: cc k hiu cho cc i

tng trong mt tp hp thun tin cho vic thc hin mt yu cu c th no . Th d m BCD gn s nh phn 4 bit cho tng s m ca s thp phn (t 0 n 9) thun tin cho my c mt s c nhiu s m; m Gray dng tin li trong vic ti gin cc hm logic . . .. Mch chuyn t m ny sang m khc gi l mch chuyn m, cng c xp vo loi mch m

ha. Th d mch chuyn s nh phn 4 bit sang s Gray l mt mch chuyn m. +Mch in thc hin vic chuyn t m sang tin tc c gi l mch gii m ho. 2)B M HA:

Mch m ha 2^n ng sang n ng 3)B GII M: Gii m n ng sang 2n ng .V d :Gii m 2 ng sang 4 ng:

4)B CHUYN I M: 5)B GII M BCD-7 THANH:

5)THC HNH 5.1)B GII M BCD V HIN TH LED 7 THANH 5.2)LP GHP CC B GII M 7447 CH TH S N HNG CHC TRM. 5.3)KIM TRA,SA CHA CC H HNG.

BI 8:MCH M
1)KHI QUT CHUNG Li dng tnh o trng thi ca FF JK khi J=K=1, ngi ta thc hin cc mch m.Chc nng ca mch m l m s xung CK a vo ng vo hoc th hin s trng thi c th c ca cc ng ra. Nu xt kha cnh tn s ca tn hiu th mch m c chc nng chia tn, ngha l tn s ca tn hiu ng ra l kt qu ca php chia tn s ca tn hiu CK ng vo cho s m ca mch. Ta c cc loi: mch m ng b, khng ng b v m vng. -Mch m ng b Trong mch m ng b cc FF chu tc ng ng thi ca xung m CK. +Mch m ng b n tng, m ln

+Mch m ng b n tng, m xung

-Mch m khng ng b +Mch m khng ng b, n tng, m ln (n=4):

+Mch m khng ng b, n tng, m xung (n=4):

2)IC M 10(7490)

*Ch : +Chn CP0:Chn kch xung clock. +MR1,MR2:chn reset. +Cc chn Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3:Cc ng ra ca IC m a vo Input ca IC gii m. y l mch m c bn m t 0 n 9.Ta c th thit k m n 1 s N bt k bng cch ni ng ra Q3(bit cao) ca tng th n n chn CP0 ca tng th (n+1) 3)IC M 12(7492) * S chn ca IC m 74LS192 - Vi ngun cung cp cho IC t 2V n 6V - Tn s ln nht ca n c th chu c Fmax=54MHz c thi gian lm vic t 0ns n 500ns. - Nhit gii hn -400C n +850C - Dng in ln nht c th chu ng Imax =4A - IC lm vic vi tn s max l 54uHz - Chc nng ca cc chn

+ Chn 8,16 l hai chn cp ngun cho IC. Chn 8 ni mass, chn 16 ni ngun 5V. + Chn 4, 5 l hai chn nhn xung m t b dao ng chuyn sang.Chn 4 l chn m ngc, chn 5 l chn m thun. + Chn 11 l chn iu khin cho IC lm vic u ra tch cc thp + Chn 14 l chn xa lm vic mc tch cc cao, IC m ta ni chn ny xung mas + Chn 15, 1, 10, 9 l cc u vo d liu + Chn 12 l chn chuyn tip dng cho m thun + Chn 13 l chn chuyn tip khi m ngc + Chn 3, 2, 6, 7 (Qa, Qb, Qc, Qd) l cc u ra ca b m 4)IC M 16(7493)

5)THC HNH KT NI CC MCH M: 5.1)THC HNH VI IC 7490 5.2)THC HNH VI IC 7492 5.3)THC HNH VI IC 7493 5.4)LP B M TN S DNG JK 7476 5.5)O KIM TRA,SA CHA CC H HNG

BI 9 :MCH TO XUNG NHP

1)KHI QUT CHUNG Hu ht cc h thng k thut s u yu cu mt vi loi dng sng nh thi, v d mt ngun xung ca b dao ng cn thit cho tt c cc h thng tun t nh thi. Trong cc h thng k thut s, mt dng sng xung vung thng c s dng nht. S to ra cc dng sng xung vung c gi l b a hi. C ba loi b a hi: B dao ng a hi (chy t do). B a hi n n (mt nhp). B a hi hai trng thi n nh (trig). 2)MCH A HI MT DNG -Mt b a hi n n ch c mt trng thi n nh, tc l trong iu kin trng thi n nh th u ra ca n c nh. u ra ny trng thi LOW hoc trng thi HIGH. Mch ny cn mt xung kch khi t bn ngoi cho mch chuyn sang trng thi khc. Mch ny vn gi nguyn trng thi c trong mt khong thi gian, khong thi gian ny ph thuc vo cc

thnh phn c dng trong mch. Trng thi ca mch ny c xem l trng thi n nh bi v n phc hi tr v trng thi n nh m khng cn bt k xung kch hot no t bn ngoi.Mch ny c gi l mch mt nhp (one-shot) bi v mt xung kch khi ch to c mt xung nhng rng xung li khc. -Cu trc :

-Hnh 6-15 l s nguyn l mch a hi i h TTL, trong cc cng 1, 2, 3 cu trc ln mch flip-flop, cng 4,5 l mch to dng xung. Cc cng ny thuc h TTL nn c mc logic 1 l 3,6 V v logic 0 l 0,3 V. u vo V2 biu th s dng mch o. Mch o ny thng bo ho th V2 ~ 0,7 V, cn ngng thng ca n c 0,6 V. Ti trng thi n nh P = P = 0. Mch o u vo V2 l b khuch i transistor emitter chung trng thi bo ho v khi V2 = 0,7 V, V3 = 0 , V1 = 1, Q = 0, Q = 1. Khi c xung dng tc ng u vo th P = 1, P = 1, V1 = 0, Q = 1, Q = 0, mch trng thi tm n nh. Do Q = 0 kho cng 4, nn sau khi b kch thch bi sn dng xung P th mch b cch ly khi xung P. V in p trn t C khng tng t bin nn khi V1 t mc cao 3,6 V t bin xung 0,3 V th V2 t mc 0,7 V t bin xung -2,6 V. Bt u

qu trnh np in ca t in C. V2 tng dn ln. Khi V2 Tng ln n ngng thng 0,6 V th sinh ra qu trnh phn hi dng sau:

Qu trnh ny lm mch nhanh chng tr v trng thi n nh ban u V3 = 0 , V1 = 1, Q = 0, Q = 1. Tip t in C phng in, V2 dn dn hi phc v 0,7 V. Hnh 6-16 ch ra gin xung ca mch a hi i h TTL vi gi thit thi gian tr truyn t ca cc cng v b o pha u bng tpd. rng xung ra c tnh theo cng thc T=0, 7RC . Mch dao ng a hi i c thit k sn trong mt s h IC TTL nh 74LS121, 74LS123 bng cch thay i cc gi tr t v tr mc ngoi s cho cc xung li ra mong mun. 3)MCH A HI PHIM NH : -Mt b dao ng a hi ch l mt b dao ng to ra dng xung. N c hai trng thi chun m khng yu cu s kch hot t bn ngoi. B ny thng c dng lm xung iu khin cho cc mch tun t. -Mch dao ng a hi c bn cng NAND TTL

-Cng NAND khi lm vic trong vng chuyn tip c th khuch i mnh tn hiu u vo.Nu 2 cng NAND c ghp in dung thnh mch vng nh hnh 6-1 ta c b dao ng a hi.VK l u vo iu khin, khi mc cao mch pht xung, v khi mc thp mch ngng pht.

Nu cc cng I v II thit lp im cng tc tnh trong vng chuyn tip v VK = 1, th mchs pht xung khi c ni ngun. Nguyn tc lm vic ca mch nh sau: Gi s do tc ng canhiu lm cho Vi1 tng mt cht, lp tc xut hin qu trnh phn hi dng sau:

Khi , cng I nhanh chng tr thnh thng bo ho, cng II nhanh chng ngt, mch bc vo trng thi tm n nh. Lc ny, C1 np in v C2 phng in theo mch n gin ho c th hin trong hnh 6-2. C1 np n khi Vi2 tng n ngng thng VT, trong mch xut hin qu trnh phn hi dng nh sau:

Kt qu qu trnh ny l: cng I nhanh chng ngt cn cng II thng bo ho, mch in bc vo trang thi tm n nh mi. Lc ny C2 np in cn C1 phng cho n khi Vi1 bng ngng thng VT lm xut hin qu trnh phn hi dng a mch v trng thi n nh ban u. Mch khng ngng dao ng, khi b qua in tr u ra ca cc cng NAND, da vo hnh 6-2 gin xung ca mch c th hin trn hnh 63. 4)THC HNH LP RP CC MCH TO XUNG 4.1)MCH DNG N BN DN 4.2)MCH DNG CC CNG LOGIC 4.3)MCH DNG IC555 4.4)O KIM TRA,SA CHA CC H HNG

BI 10 :MCH GHI DCH

1)KHI QUT CHUNG phn trc ta c bit n cc loi FF. Chng u c th lu tr (nh 1 bit) v ch khi c xung ng b th bit mi truyn ti ng ra (o hay khng o). By gi nu ta mc nhiu FF ni tip li vi nhau th s nh c nhiu bit. Cc ng ra s phn hot ng theo xung nhp ck. C th ly ng ra tng tng FF (gi l cc ng ra song song) hay tng cui (ng ra ni tip). Nh vy mch c th ghi li d liu (nh) v dch chuyn n (truyn) nn mch c gi l ghi dch. Ghi dch cng c rt nhiu ng dng c bit trong my tnh, nh chnh ci tn ca n: lu tr d liu v dch chuyn d liu ch l ng dng ni bt nht 2)MCH GHI DCH NI TIP Ghi dch c th c xy dng t cc FF khc nhau v cch mc cng khc nhau nhng thng dng FF D, chng c tch hp sn trong 1 IC gm nhiu FF (to nn ghi dch n bit). Hy xem cu to ca 1 ghi dch c bn 4 bit dng FF D

3)MCH GHI DCH SONG SONG

Hnh 3.2.5 Mch ghi dch vo song song ra song song 4)CC LOI GHI DCH 7494 7495/LS95 7495/LS96 74164/LS164 74165/LS765 74166/LS166 74194/LS194 74195/LS195 74295/LS295 74395/LS295 74LS671/672 74LS673/674 : 4bit vo song song, ni tip; ra ni tip : 4 bit, vo song song/ni tip; ra song song; dch chuyn tri phi : 5 bit, vo ni tip/song song; ra song song ni tip : 8 bit vo song song ra ni tip : 8 bit, vo song song/ni tip; ra ni tip b tc : 8 bit; vo song song/ni tip; ra ni tip; c th np ng b : 4 bit vo song song/ni tip; ra song song; np ng b dch chuyn tri phi : 4 bit, vo song/ni tip; ra song song; tng u vo JK : nh 74194/LS194 nhng ra 3 trng thi : 4 bit vo song song; ra song song 3 trng thi : 4 bit c thm cht : 16 bit

Kho st ghi dch tiu biu 74/74LS95

5)THC HNH LP RP CC MCH GHI DCH 5.1)IC GHI DCH NI TIP /THUN/NGHCH(8BIT) 5.2)IC GHI DCH NI TIP-SONG SONG /THUN/NGHCH 5.3)O KIM TRA,SA CHA CC H HNG

BI 11 : MCH CHUYN I S - IN P
1)KHI QUT CHUNG - Kt qu t cc h thng s l cc i lng s: cn thit phi i thnh tn hiu tng t c th tc ng vo cc h thng vt l v th hin ra bn ngoi (th d ti to m thanh hay hnh nh) hay dng vo vic iu khin sau (th d dng in th tng t iu khin vn tc ng c) 2)MCH CHUYN I TN S THNH IN P

Ta c kt qu chuyn i nh sau:

Mch c mt s hn ch: - S chnh xc ty thuc vo in tr v mc n nh ca ngun tham chiu Vr

- Vi s nh phn nhiu bit th cn cc in tr c gi tr rt ln, kh thc hin. 3)MCH IU KHIN V TO M 4)THC HNH MCH LP RP IU KHIN NG C BC 4.1)MCH NGUYN L 4.2)MCH KIM TRA 4.3) O KIM TRA SA CHA CC H HNG

BI 12 : CC B NH BN DN 1)KHI QUT CHUNG: Memory Cell: mt thit b hay mt mch c kh nng lu tr mt bit d liu Memory Word: mt nhm cc bit, thng thng mtt c 8 64 bit. Byte: mt nhm 8 bit. Dung lng: m t kh nng lu tr ca b nh. Dung lng m t s word c trong b nh. Mt h thng thng s dng B nh trong (lm vic) tc cao B nh ngoi (lutr) tc thp hn Address: l s xc nh v tr ca t(word) trong b nh. Lnh c: thc hin vic c d liu ra t b nh.

 Lnh ghi: thc hin lnh ghi d liu vo b nh. 2)B NH ROM: 2.1)B NH C NH-CH C(ROM): 2.1.1)KHI NIM: ROM l b nh bn dn c thit k lu d liu lu di. Trong qu trnh hot ng, d liu khng th ghi vo ROM nhng c th c ra t ROM. ROM c th c np d liu bi nh sn xut hoc ngi s dng. D liu trong ROM khng b mt i khi h thng b mt in. 2.1.2)CU TRC MCH:

2.1.3)NGUYN L HOT NG:

2.2)B NH CH C TH GHI(PROM): 2.2.1)KHI NIM: PROM l cc loi ROM c th c lp trnh (np d liu) bi ngi s dng. 2.2.2)CU TRC MCH: PROM c cu trc da vo cc kt ni nu chy (cuch).

2.2.3)NGUYN L HOT NG:

 Khi np d liu cho ROM th chng trnh s nu chy cc kt ni tng ng. PROM l loi ROM s dng mt ln. Kinh t trong trng hp s dng vi s lng nh 2.3)B NH CH C TH VIT LI (EPROM): 2.3.1)KHI NIM: EPROM c th c lp trnh bi ngi s dng v n cng c th c xa v lp trnh li. 2.3.2)CU TRC MCH:

2.3.3)NGUYN L HOT NG: Phi c mch np d liu chuyn dng dnh ring cho tng ROM. S dng tia UV xa d liu

 Tt c d liu trongEPROM s c xa 3)B NH RAM: 3.1)B NH RAM DNG TRANSITOR LNG CC: 3.1.1)KHI NIM: Ngc li vi ROM, RAM bn dn l b nh c th ghi v c c. Nhc im chnh: d liu d b thay i u im chnh: c th ghi v c mt cch nhanh chng v d dng. 3.1.2)CU TRC MCH: Tng t nh ROM, RAM cng bao gm mt s thanh ghi.Mi thanh ghi cha mt t v c mt a ch duy nht. Thng thng dung lng ca RAM l 1K,4K, 8K, 16K, 64K, 128K, 256K. Kch thc ca mt t trong RAM c th l 1, 4 hay 8 bit. 3.1.3)NGUYN L HOT NG:

3.2)B NH RAM DNG MOSFET: 3.2.1)KHI NIM: RAM dng mosfet l RAM m d liu c lu tr trong RAM trong sut thi gian RAM c cp ngun. 3.2.2)CU TRC MCH:

3.2.3)NGUYN L HOT NG:

BI 13:MCH CHUYN I TN HIU

1)KHI QUT CHUNG: - Kt qu t cc h thng s l cc i lng s: cn thit phi i thnh tn hiu tng t c th tc ng vo cc h thng vt l v th hin ra bn ngoi (th d ti to m thanh hay hnh nh) hay dng vo vic iu khin sau (th d dng in th tng t iu khin vn tc ng c) 2)MCH CHUYN I S -TNG T(DAC): 2.1)KHI NIM: -Mch c chc nng chuyn i tn hiu s thnh tn hiu tng t c th tc ng vo cc h thng vt l v th hin ra bn ngoi 2.2)CC PHNG PHP CHUYN I D/A: -DAC vi ng ra dng in

-DAC R/2R

2.3)CU TRC MCH:

2.4)NGUYN L HOT NG:

3)MCH CHUYN I TNG T-S(ADC): 3.1)KHI NIM: -Mch c chc nng chuyn i tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s c th giao tip vi cc h thng s x l thng tin. 3.2)CC PHNG PHP CHUYN I A/D: -Mch i dng in th tham chiu nc thang

-Mch i ly gn ng k tip (sucessive approximation converter) -Mch i dng tn hiu dc n (single ramp converter) -Mch i ly tch phn (Integrating Converter) -Mch i lng cc -Mch i song song (parallel hay flash conversion) 3.3)CU TRC MCH:

3.4)NGUYN L HOT NG: Lnh START bt u qu trnh bin i Control unit thay i gi tr nh phn trong thanh ghi Gi tr nh phn trong thanh ghi c bin i thnh gi tr nh phn VAX B so snh so snh VAX v iVA. Khi VAX < VA, ng ra b so snh mc cao. When VAX > VA, ng ra c mc thp, qu trnh bin i kt thc, gi tr nh phn nm trong thanh ghi. B phn iu khin s pht ra tn hiu end-of-conversion signal, EOC.

4)MCH CHUYN I IN P-TN S(VFC): 4.1)KHI NIM: -Mch c chc nng chuyn i tn hiu tng t (in p) thnh tn hiu tn s hin th trn mch ch th. 4.2)CC PHNG PHP CHUYN I A/D: -Mch i dng in th tham chiu nc thang -Mch i ly gn ng k tip (sucessive approximation converter) -Mch i dng tn hiu dc n (single ramp converter) -Mch i ly tch phn (Integrating Converter) -Mch i lng cc -Mch i song song (parallel hay flash conversion) 4.3)CU TRC MCH:

4.4)NGUYN L HOT NG: Lnh START bt u qu trnh bin i Control unit thay i gi tr nh phn trong thanh ghi

 Gi tr nh phn trong thanh ghi c bin i thnh gi tr nh phn VAX B so snh so snh VAX v iVA. Khi VAX < VA, ng ra b so snh mc cao. When VAX > VA, ng ra c mc thp, qu trnh bin i kt thc, gi tr nh phn nm trong thanh ghi. B phn iu khin s pht ra tn hiu end-of-conversion signal, EOC.