Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

CC H THNG ANTEN TRONG WINPROP

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Mc lc
1. ng c thc y .......................................................................................................... 3 2. M hnh ha trong WinProp ......................................................................................... 4 a. b. c. d. Chng ln tn hiu .................................................................................................. 5 Nn dng (Beamforming) ...................................................................................... 5 Giao thoa gia cc lung MIMO ........................................................................... 6 nh ngha Anten ................................................................................................... 7

3. L thuyt ....................................................................................................................... 9 a. b. Tnh ton cc kt qu t MIMO ............................................................................ 9 Tnh ton giao thoa ................................................................................................ 9 ng truyn sng ............................................................................................... 10 S phn b v chng ln ca cc tia truyn ......................................................... 14 Cc tham s knh khc trong h thng MIMO .................................................... 16 Xc nh cc thng s knh b sung lin quan n h thng MIMO .................. 20 La chn vng m phng .................................................................................... 20

4. M phng mt h thng MIMO vi WinProp ............................................................ 10 a. b. c. d. e.

5. V d ........................................................................................................................... 21

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop 1. ng c thc y Cng ngh nhiu u v, nhiu u ra (MIMO) l vic s dng nhiu anten c pha pht v pha thu ci thin hiu nng giao tip. Cng ngh MIMO rt c ch trong cng ngh khng dy, bi v n gip lm tng ng k thng lng d liu v khong cch lin kt m khng lm tng bng thng hay cng sut truyn. iu ny t c bi hiu sut quang ph cao hn (nhiu bit mi giy vi mi hertz bng thng) v tin cy cng a dng ca lin kt (gim dn). Bi nhng thuc tnh ny, MIMO l 1 thnh phn quan trng ca cc tiu chun truyn thng khng dy hin i nh l WiMAX, HSPA+, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (tin ha lu di), 4G v IEEE 802.11n (Wifi)

Hnh 1: H thng anten SISO thng thng (Hnh trn) v h thng anten MIMO (hnh di)

Cu hnh anten MIMO c th c dng cho ghp knh khng gian. Trong trng hp ny 1 tn hiu c tc cao c chia thnh lung c tc thp hn v mi lung c truyn t 1 anten khc nhau trong cng 1 knh tn s (hnh 1). Khi nhng tn hiu ny ti mng anten thu vi cc k hiu khng gian khc nhau mt cch y , my thu c th tch nhng lung ny thnh cc knh song song. Do ghp knh khng gian bng cc anten MIMO l mt k thut rt mnh lm tng dung lng knh t l tn hiu trn nhiu cao hn (SNIR). S lng ln nht cc lung khng gian c gii hn bi s lng t hn cc anten pha pht v pha thu

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Thng thng m hnh MIMO l MIMO 2x2 (2 c pha pht v pha thu) v MIMO 4x4. Trong trng hp ghp knh khng gian, mi thnh phn anten MIMO truyn 1 lung d liu MIMO c lp. M hnh MIMO 4x2 truyn lung MIMO th nht t 2 thnh phn anten v lung MIMO th hai t 2 thnh phn anten khc, do to ra MIMO vi 1 h ng ten phn b (DAS). Pha thu gm 2 thnh phn anten (cho 2 lung MIMO khc nhau) 2. M hnh ha trong WinProp xem xt cc anten MIMO trong d n mng v tuyn Winprop u tin m hnh MIMO tng ng phi c la chn trong trang giao din khng gian (hnh 2). Ph thuc vo m hnh MIMO c la chn, mt s lng tng ng cc lung d liu MIMO c xem xt (MIMO 2x2 vi 2 lung song song hoc MIMO 4x4 vi 4 lung song song)

Hnh 2: nh ngha Air Interface trong cng ngh MIMO

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Bn di bt settting, cc thuc tnh ca h thng anten MIMO c ch ra (hnh 3 v 4) a. Chng ln tn hiu Khi truyn i nhiu lung d liu song song theo ghp knh khng gian, c 1 s chng ln lm gim hiu qu tc d liu thu c. Gi tr xc nh c xem xt 1 ln cho MIMO 2x2 v 2 ln cho MIMO 4x4

Hnh 3: Cc thit lp MIMO theo beamforming

b. Nn dng (Beamforming) Nn dng ti my pht c th t c bng cch x l khng gian. Trong trng hp ny tn hiu ging nhau pht i t mi anten truyn vi trng s pha thch hp cng sut tn hiu ln nht ti u vo my thu Li ch ca nn dng l lm tng khuch i anten nhn c, bng cch to nhiu tn hiu pht i t cc anten khc nhau pht trin mt cch c xy dng, v lm gim nh 5

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop hng fading a ng. Ghp knh khng gian c th c kt hp vi nn dng khi knh c bit my pht Trong s vng mt ca scattering, nn dng to ra 1 thnh phn nh hng c nh ngha tt, do lm tng tng ch anten ca cc tn hiu c thit k v lm gim tng ch anten cc tn hiu giao thoa. Cho nn tng ch anten cho cc tn hiu s dng v nhiu c th c nh ngha trong MIMO settting (xem hnh 3) nu nn dng c s dng. Nhng gi tr ny s c gi l 0dB nu khng s dng nn dng c. Giao thoa gia cc lung MIMO Ghp knh khng gian bng cch s dng cc anten MIMO cho php lm tng thng lng ph thuc vo t l tn hiu trn nhiu v giao thoa (SNIR). SNIR cng b nh hng bi nhiu gia cc lung MIMO khc nhau Trang MIMO setting cung cp 3 la chn khc nhau vi mc ch ny (xem hnh 4)

Khng giao thoa ( s phn bit l tng ca cc lung khc nhau)

Nu cc phn cc khc nhau c s dng (v d. phn cc thng cho lung MIMO 1 v phn cc ngang cho lung MIMO 2) cc lung c phn bit rt tt, c bit trong vng LOS. y l trng hp n gin do khng cn ch n giao thoa gia cc lung MIMO

Cc ng gp c lin quan n nhiu bi vic phn chia khng l tng ca cc lung

Trong trng hp ny, mt t l tng th cho s giao thoa gia cc lung c quy nh c th. V d 20 dB c ngha l vi h thng MIMO 2x2, cng sut nhn c cho lung MIMO 1 s lm tng mc giao thoa cho lung MIMO 2 (v d cng sut nhn c tr 20dB) v ngc li. La chn ny xem xt tc ng can thip tng i lin tc trn ton b khu vc m phng (xem xt cc gi tr cng sut nhn c c lp cho mi lung mi thi im) 6

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Vic xc nh giao thoa theo v tr do vic phn chia cc lung khng l tng
La chn ny xem xt v tr my thu v cc thuc tnh ca lin kt v tuyn tng ng (LOS/NLOS) cho tc ng giao thoa. m bo chnh xc cao, ngi dng s xc nh cc loi phn cc khc nhau c s dng cho cc lung MIMO n (v d phn cc ng cho lung MIMO 1 v phn cc ngang cho lung MIMO 2), lm gim giao thoa, c bit trong iu kin LOS

Hnh 4: Thit lp MIMO theo giao thoa gia cc lung MIMO khc nhau

d. nh ngha Anten Ni chung cc anten thuc h thng MIMO c nh ngha cng cch thc so vi anten thng thng, v d nh v tr, tn s sng mang, v cng sut truyn ti ca anten c nh ngha nh thng thng. Vi mi phn t anten MIMO mt anten ring bit c nh ngha ti ProMan

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Ci c gi l nhm tn hiu (Signal Group) c thit lp vi cng mt ID (same ID) vi tt c cc anten ca mt h thng MIMO. Hn na, lung MIMO c truyn ti cng c la chn i vi cc anten thng thng Signal Group ID c thit lp trng thi Individual (do khng c lung MIMO no c th c la chn). Ni chung tt c cc anten trong h thng MIMO phi c cng sng mang. Ty thuc vo Signal Group ID v lung MIMO c gn, cc tn hiu t cc anten c kt hp xy dng hoc nh hng ln nhau Kiu anten Anten thng thng Anten theo DAS Anten theo MIMO Signal Group Individual A/B/C/ A/B/C/ Lung MIMO Not available No MIMO MIMO stream1/stream 2

Vic la chn Signal Group v MIMO Stream c th c tm thy trong Carrier settings (xem hnh 5) ca mt my pht

Hnh 5: Thit lp sng mang cho my pht vi cc la chn Signal Group

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Tt c cc anten trong mt h thng MIMO phi c cng Signal Group ID. Nu ch c 1 h thng MIMO c s dng trong d n, khuyn co s dng Signal Group A cho tt c cc anten l mt phn ca h thng MIMO 3. L thuyt a. Tnh ton cc kt qu t MIMO i vi cc tnh ton ca cc bn kt qu MIMO, cng sut thu c (dBm) v SNIR (dB) c tnh ton vi mi lung MIMO c nh ngha (theo chng trnh MIMO c quy nh) trong mi im nh nhn c. Trong bi cnh ny cng c coi l giao thoa gia cc lung MIMO khc nhau hot ng cng sng mang (v Signal Group ID) (ph thuc vo ty chn c la chn, xem hnh 4). Cui cng, tnh kh thi ca iu ch v chng trnh m ha ph thuc vo cc SNIR c la chn Nu cell phc v l mt anten MIMO, cng sut thu l s xp chng ca cc gi tr cng sut tn hiu ca tt c cc anten trong h thng MIMO v truyn ti cng 1 dng MIMO Kiu anten Anten thng thng Cng sut thu c Cng sut nhn c t cell cung cp c t tt c cc anten trong DAS ca cc cell cung cp Anten theo h thng MIMO Xp chng ca cc gi tr cng sut thu c t tt c cc anten truyn cng lung MIMO vi cc cell cung cp

Anten theo h thng anten phn b Xp chng ca cc gi tr cng sut thu (DAS)

b. Tnh ton giao thoa Thng thng tn hiu pht ra trn cng sng mang nhng t cc anten khc nhau s giao thoa vi cc tn hiu khc nh l cc tn hiu ring r c truyn. Cc tn hiu pht i t cc anten khc nhau nhng cng DAS khng giao thoa (nu chng c cng Signal Group ID). Nu cc anten trong 1 h thng MIMO, giao thoa ph thuc vo lung MIMO truyn 9

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop ti. Cc anten truyn cng lung MIMO c coi l hot ng ging DAS (v d trong 1 h thng MIMO 4x2). Nu cc anten truyn cc lung MIMO khc nhau, chng s giao thoa vi nhau ph thuc vo cc tnh hung ring (phn chia khng gian, s dng cc phn cc khc nhau, tnh hung LOS/NLOS). Tc ng giao thoa c th c phn nh bi vic la chn cc ty chn thch hp trong khung hi thoi tng ng (nhn hnh 4) Anten 1 Anten thng thng Anten thng thng Anten theo DAS A Anten theo DAS lung MIMO1 Anten theo DAS lung MIMO1 Anten theo DAS A Anten 2 Anten thng thng Anten theo DAS A Anten theo DAS A A Anten theo DAS lung MIMO1 A Anten theo DAS lung MIMO2 Anten theo DAS B Giao thoa (cng sng mang) Yes Yes No A No A Yes Yes

4. M phng mt h thng MIMO vi WinProp a. ng truyn sng Bng thng knh MIMO tng tng ng vi s lng cp anten thu pht cng nh phn tn ca mi trng. V vy cc cn c cc m hnh truyn sng c chnh xc cao nh gi cc tham s knh MIMO trong cc hot cnh truyn sng phc tp. Cng c quy hoch mng v tuyn ca AWE Communications c tch hp m hnh truyn sng tia quang hc (ray-optical) vi vic x l d liu vector 3D xc nh knh v tuyn trong cc mi trng truyn sng khc nhau (thnh ph, nng thn v trong nh). nghin cu cc mng anten MIMO, cng c ny cho php d on knh v tuyn theo thi gian, tn s, v cc min khng gian gia mi cp anten BS, MS. Hn na, m hnh v tia sng (ray tracing model) cng c m rng xem xt tnh phn cc ngang, dc nh hng ti ng truyn, h s phn x, khc x.

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Hnh 10: V tia sng truyn trong hot cnh mi trng thnh ph

M hnh ng truyn tia quang hc cho ta chnh xc cao, d dng xc lp thng tin v p ng c vi cc hiu ng nh suy hao sau tng, hng song theo mt ng (xem hnh) vi chnh xc cao, v c kh nng cung cp cc thng s b sung nh h s fading nh (small-scale fading) v gc lch hng (AoD Angles of Departure) cng nh gc ti (AoA Angles of Arrival), c lin quan n vic phn tch knh MIMO.

Hnh 11: M hnh v tia sng Ray tracing

Vi cc anten trm pht BS lp thp hn mc nh ca vt cn th xut hin hiu ng hng sng theo mt ng, lm gim m rng gc pha thu, ng thi lm gim cng sut knh MIMO.

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Trong mi trng c phn tn rng th hiu ng a ng xut hin, v c th c m phng trong WinProp theo thi gian hoc khng gian.

Hnh 12: p ng xung ca knh truyn

M hnh v tia sng truyn trong WinProp cng c nng cp tnh ton tr v gc m rng da trn d liu v tia truyn thu c tt c thng tin knh cn thit cho m phng knh MIMO (xem hnh).

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Hnh 13: Tri tr

Hin tng tri tn hiu trn min thi gian c m phng bng tri tr. c bit vi cc mi trng c phn tn rng, cng lm tng nh hng ca tri tr. Tham s ny rt cn thit xem xt s hin din ca nhiu giao thoa k t (inter-symbol interference).

Hnh 14: Tri gc

Cng sut knh MIMO tng tng ng vi s cp anten cng nh phn tn ca mi trng. Ngha l cng sut knh ln trong nhng vng c mt ng truyn a ng (multi path propagation) ln. ng truyn a ng c th c din t theo thut 13

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop ng tri gc (angular spread) ti mng anten pht v anten thu.WinProp c th hin th nhng thng s trn theo th 2D, 3D hoc xut thnh file dng bng ASCII. Tri gc l hon ton khc nhau vi mi pixel d on c lp khi c cc tuyn truyn khc nhau cho mi cu hnh thu pht. V vy nhng gi tr ny cng c a ra nh hnh bn truyn pht cho ton b khu vc m phng. b. S phn b v chng ln ca cc tia truyn C cc m hnh tnh ton khc nhau cho s phn b v s chng ln ca ca tia truyn ring r c xc nh theo thut ton ray tracing. Nhng m hnh ny c th c thit lp ti ca s tnh ton trong phn menu setting ca phn mm ProMan nh hnh sau.

Hnh 15: Cc tham s ray tracing

Vi m hnh Fresnel and GTD/UTD, cng nh m hnh thc nghim (c lin quan n m hnh tng tc) kt hp vi s chng ln khng tng quan ca cc tia truyn, cng trng tng ca mt pixel d on c tnh ton bng cch tnh tng cc chng ln ca cc tia truyn c lp theo cng thc sau:

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop tnh ton cc h s Fresnel v GTD/UTD c xem xt n s chng ln ca cc tia truyn, c phn cc v pha ca cc chng ln ring r c a vo tnh ton. V th cc chng ln ca cc tia truyn c lp c tng hp li v tch bit vi mi trng thi phn cc ring r (c phn thc v phn o), u tin:

Sau , phn thc tng v phn o tng c tnh ton bng cch ly tng cc phn tng ng ca cc vector thnh phn.

Cui cng cng trng tng ca pixel c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Vic tnh ton vi m hnh thc nghim kt hp vi s chng ln tng quan ca cc tia c thc hin nh sau. u tin, thnh phn cng trng ca cc tia thnh phn c tnh tng theo phn thc v phn o ring bit.

Sau cng trng tng c tnh theo cng thc sau:

c. Cc tham s knh khc trong h thng MIMO

Ma trn knh MIMO

H thng MIMO c th c nh gi chi tit hn bng cch tnh ton ma trn knh MIMO, ma trn th hin knh v tuyn gia mi anten pht v mi anten thu trong h thng. C mt p ng xung knh SISO phc tp vi chiu di L+1 gia mi anten pht m v mi anten thu n ca mt h thng MIMO.

( )

( )

Knh MIMO bin i tuyn tnh theo thi gian c th hin bi ma trn knh c kch thc NRxNT:

( ) ( ) ( ( )
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( ) ) ( )

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Vi cc thnh phn phc: hn,m(t) = Re{hn,m(t)} + jIm {hn.m(t)} Ma trn knh MIMO c th c xc nh bng tin x l d liu tia truyn ti u ra m phng ca cng c d on ProMan, bng cch tnh ton sai pha gia cc thnh phn anten n trong mng anten MIMO ti BS v MS. D liu tia truyn cho ta mt m t ca tt c tuyn truyn c xt n gia v tr ca b pht v mi pixel thu d on. Cng trng, tr v tt cc cc im nh hng (phn x, khc x, chuyn pht, tn x v i hng) c lit k cho cc tuyn truyn n c nh hng n mc tn hiu ti mt v tr nht nh. Da trn d liu ny v kch thc ca mng anten MIMO, dch pha gia cc thnh phn n c th c tnh ton theo cch sau. V tr pht cho trong ray file c gi thit l trung tm ca mng tanten pht MIMO, gi thit tng t cho bn thu. Mi pixel ca vng d on c th c gi thit l im trung tm ca mng anten thu MIMO. xc nh ma trn knh ch cn tnh ton dch pha gia cc thnh phn mng n, da trn d liu tia truyn (ray data) cho sn trong ray file v trong thit lp mng. Trc tin, gc i v n phi c tnh ton s dng ta ca bn pht, im tng tc u tin ca mi tuyn truyn, ta ca im tng tc cui cng trn tuyn truyn v ta ca bn thu tng ng. Sau , dch pha gia cc thnh phn anten ca c 2 mng pht/thu u c th c d dng tnh ton.

Hnh 16: mng anten MIMO tuyn tnh

), vi l bc sng
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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop Cng thc trn ng cho cc dng mng anten MIMO tuyn tnh vi cc anten t trn cng mt mt phng ngang. Da trn mng tuyn tnh, c th xc nh c dch pha gia cc thnh phn ca mt mng anten trn bng cch iu chnh gc ti trong cng thc trn tng ng vi v tr ca anten thnh phn trn ng trn.

Hnh 17: Mng anten MIMO trn

k l ch s ca anten thnh phn (trong trng hp ny l [0,...,3]).

Cng sut knh MIMO

Cng sut knh ca mt knh MIMO khng la chn tn s c th c tnh nh sau:

])
. Cc ma trn HF phi

Vi ma trn n v I, cng sut pht tng P v cng sut nhiu

c xc nh bi NF in FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation). Vi cc knh MIMO la chn tn s, cng sut knh c th tnh c bng cch tng hp cc phn knh khng la chn tn s. T s SNR trung bnh c tnh bng: 18

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Cng sut knh MIMO trong trng hp la chn tn s nh sau:

()

() )

so snh cc knh khc MIMO khc nhau vi cng SNR, h thng phi xem xt iu kin sau:

()

so snh cc knh MIMO khc nhau vi cng suy hao ng truyn, h thng phi xem xt iu kin sau:

C th thy rng cng sut knh MIMO tng tng ng vi s lng cc cp anten pht thu v lm tng t s SNR.

Hnh 18: Cng sut knh MIMO

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop d. Xc nh cc thng s knh b sung lin quan n h thng MIMO AWE Communications hin ang pht trin mt cng c tin x l, c th xc nh cc tham s knh MIMO b sung, da trn file d liu tia truyn u ra. e. La chn vng m phng Vng m phng c xc nh ti ca s u tin trong menu configuration. Ngi dng c th chn ton b vng, tc l ton b d liu cha trong ray file. Tuy nhin ty chn ny khng nn s dng do lng d liu phi tnh ton qu ln v chim dng nhiu khng gian nh. Bn cnh , ngi dng c th la chn vng m phng theo hnh ch nht hoc hnh trn. Nu l hnh ch nht th cn phi xc nh ta im gc tri trn v gc phi di xc nh bin m phng. Vi trng hp hnh trn, th cn xc nh im tm v bn knh ca vng m phng.

Hnh 19: Trang la chn vng m phng

Vi ty chn cui cng, mt im nghin cu c th nm trong 1 file c th c ti ln. Ty chn ny cho php ngi dng c th tnh ton c vn tc theo dch Doppler hay tri Doppler. 20

Cc h thng anten trong Winprop 5. V d Phn ny s trnh by mt v d v tnh nng MIMO trong WinProp. Hnh 6 ch ra mt kch bn vn phng vi 2 anten (h thng MIMO phn phi). C 2 anten s dng cng sng mang Nu khng s khng c nhiu ng knh trong kch bn

Hnh 6: Kch bn vn phng vi 2 anten (DAS hoc MIMO 2x2)

Cc tham s chnh ca mng c ch ra trong bng sau y Tham s Tn s Bng thng h thng Cng sut truyn cao Anten SNIR yu cu thp nht (ph thuc vo MCS) Air Interface Gi tr 2630 MHz 20 MHz 5 dBm Output power of PA 2.5m Gia -5.4 v 17.2 dB LTE

Hai cu hnh anten c phn tch nh sau y: Cu hnh 1: 2 anten thng thng to thnh 1 DAS (Signal Group A) Cu hnh 2: 2 anten MIMO (Signal Group A) v truyn lung MIMO ring r (vng 1 l lung MIMO 1 v vng 2 l lung MIMO 2) Hnh 7 v hnh 8 hin th bn t l d liu cho hai cu hnh ny

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Hnh 7: Tc d liu ln nht cho mng DAS (cu hnh 1)

Trong hnh 7 (cu hnh 1) c 2 anten hot ng cng sng mang v hnh thnh mt h thng anten phn tn. Do cc tn hiu t c 2 anten c xp chng c tnh xy dng v ci thin tnh trng SNIR. Tuy nhin, tc d liu cc i b gii hn 75Mbit/s khi ch c 1 lung d liu c th c truyn.

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Hnh 8: Tc d liu ln nht cho mng MIMO 2x2 (cu hnh 2)

Hnh 8 m t cu hnh 2 trong c 2 anten hot ng trn cng sng mang, nhng thi gian ny, cc vng 1 v vng 2 hnh thnh 1 h thng MIMO 2x2. y lung MIMO 1 c truyn t vng 1 v MIMO 2 c truyn t lung 2 trong ghp knh khng gian. Theo , tc d liu cao hn c th t c cho phn ln ta vn phng (gi thit y l phn tch l tng cc lung MIMO khc nhau). Ni chung, hiu sut ph thuc vo giao thoa gia cc lung MIMO (xem hnh 4)

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Cc h thng anten trong Winprop

Hnh 9: Tc d liu ln nht cho mng MIMO 2x2 vi cc lung MIMO c hnh dung

Hnh 9 cho thy cc lung MIMO 1 v 2 gp phn ti a. Tc d liu cho cc im nh c th (mu cho thy cc lung nhn c tt nht vi tc d liu cao nht, trong mu m l cc lung MIMO khc)

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