BAI TAP PHAN NGUYEN T Gv: Vu Trong Tan 1: Cac ng vi ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc c cng yu t nao sau y? A. S ntron. B.

S e hoa tri. C. S proton. D. S lp electron. 2: Phn lp 3d co ti a la A. 6 electron. B. 18 electron. C. 10 electron. D. 14 electron. 3: Nguyn t co cu hinh electron 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 la A. Ca. B. K. C. Ba. D. Na. 4: Trong nguyn t, cac electron quyt inh tinh cht hoa hoc la A. electron hoa tri. B. electron lp ngoai cung. C. lp electron bo ho. D. electron c thn. 5: Nguyn t cua nguyn t A co tng s electron trong cac phn lp p la 7. Nguyn t cua nguyn t B co tng s hat mang in nhiu hn cua A la 8. A va B ln lt la A. Al va Br. B. Al va Cl. C. Mg va Cl. D. Si va Br. 6: S electron ti a cua lp N la A. 6. B. 12. C. 18. D. 32. 7: Nguyn t cua nguyn t thuc chu ky 4, nhom VIA co s electron hoa tri la A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 9. 8: S electron c thn cua 8O la A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 9: Ki hiu nao trong s cac ki hiu cua cac obitan sau la sai? A. 2s; 4f. B. 1p; 2d. C. 2p; 3d. D. 1s; 2p. 10: Nguyn t cua nguyn t X co Z = 13 v s khi A = 27. X co s electron hoa tri la A. 13. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4. 11: Mnh nao sau y khng ung? A. Nng lng cua cac electron thuc 2px, 2py, 2pz la nh nhau. B. Cac electron thuc cac obitan 2px, 2py, 2pz chi khac nhau v s inh hng trong khng gian. C. Nng lng cac electron cac phn lp 3s, 3p, 3d la khac nhau. D. Phn lp 3d a bao hoa khi co 10 electron. 12: Nguyn t khi TB cua Cu la 63,546. ng c ng vi la 63Cu va 65Cu. S nguyn t 63Cu co trong 0,5 mol Cu la A. 6,023.1023. B. 3.1023. C. 2,189.1023. D. 1,5.1023. 13: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R co tng cac loai hat la 34. S hat mang in nhiu gp 1,833 ln s hat khng mang in. R va vi tri cua no trong bang tun hoan la A. th 11. B. th 12. C. th 9. D. th 10. 14: S phn lp, s obitan va s electron ti a cua lp N ln lt la A. 3, 3 v 6.B. 3, 6 v 12.C. 4, 16 v 32.D. 4, 8 v 16. 15: Nguyn t la phn t nho nht cua cht A. khng mang in. B. mang in m. C. mang in dng. D. co th mang in. 16: S hiu nguyn t cho bit A. S proton trong hat nhn nguyn t. B. s eletron trong vo nguyn t. C. s th t nguyn t trong bang tun hoan. D. ca A, B va C u ng. 17 : S proton, s ntron va s khi cua
17 8

X ln lt la A. 8; 8 va 17. B. 17; 8 va 9.

C. 17; 9 va 8.

D. 8; 9 va 17.

18: Trong nguyn t, cc electron chuyn ng theo nhng quy ao A. hinh tron. B. hinh elip. C. khng xac inh. D. hnh trn hoc elip. 20: Nguyn t cua nguyn t X cha 17 proton va 18 ntron. Ky hiu nao sau y la cua nguyn t X? A.
35 17

X.
16 8

B.

21: Cho cac nguyn t sau: A. A va D. 22: Hat nhn cua nguyn t

A , B, C,
B. A, B va C.

35 35 17 8

X.
18 8 16 7

C.

18 17

X.

D.

35 18

X.

D,

18 9

E . Cac ng vi la
C. C va E. B. 29. D. A va D; C va E. C. 36. D. 94.

65 29

Cu co s ntron la A. 65.

23: Phn lp p co s obitan nguyn t la A. 7. B. 3. C. 5. D. 1. 24: Nguyn t R co cu hinh electron phn lp ngoai cung la 4p5. in tich hat nhn nguyn t R la A. 20. B. 26. C. 30. D. 35. 25: Tng s cac obitan nguyn t cua lp N (n = 4) la A. 9. B. 4. C. 16. D. 1. 26: Nguyn t X co 13 proton trong hat nhn. Khi lng cua proton trong hat nhn nguyn t X la A. 20.10-24g. B. 21,74.10-24g. C. 22.10-24g. D. 21,74.10-27g. 27: Lp L (n = 2) co s phn lp electron la A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 28: Oxi co 3 ng vi la
16 8

O;

17 8

O;

18 8

O . Cacbon co 2 ng vi la

12 6

C;

13 6

C . S phn t khi cacbonic khac nhau c th c

tao thanh la A. 12. B. 6. C. 5. D. 1. 29: Nguyn t canxi (Ca) co cu hinh electron la A. 1s22s22p63s2. B. 1s22s22p63s23p2. C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2. D.1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2. 30: Tng s cac obitan nguyn t trong phn lp d la A. 1. B. 5. C. 3. D. 7. 31: Nguyn t cua 1 nguyn t co tng s hat la 13. S hiu nguyn t cua nguyn t o la A. 13. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. 32: Nguyn t A co Z = 11. A thuc loai nguyn t A. p. B. s. C. d. D. f. 37: Cac hat cu tao nn vo nguyn t la A. proton. B. electron. C. ntron. D. proton va ntron. 33: Ki hiu nguyn t biu thi y u c trng cho nguyn t cua mt nguyn t hoa hoc vi no cho bit A. s khi A. B. s khi A va s hiu nguyn t Z. C. nguyn t khi. D. s hiu nguyn t Z. 34: S obitan trong cac phn lp s, p, d, f ln lt la A. 1; 4; 9; 16. B. 1; 2; 3; 4. C. 1; 3; 5; 7. D. 1; 1; 1; 1. 35: S electron ti a trong cac phn lp s; p; d; f ln lt la A. 2; 6; 10; 14. B. 1; 3; 5; 7. C. 2; 4; 6; 8. D. 2; 8; 8; 18. 36: Day nao trong cac day sau y gm cac phn lp electron a bao hoa? A. s1, p3, d7, f12. B. s2, p6, d10, f14. C. s2, p4, d10, f11. D. s2, p5, d10, f14. 37: Nguyn t 7N co s electron c thn bng A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1. 38: Khi lng nguyn t TB cua brm la 79,91. Brm co 2 ng vi la
79 35

Br va

81 35

Br . %s nguyn t cua

79 35

Br la

A. 54,5. B. 45,5. C. 50. D. 44,5. 39: Tng s cac hat trong nguyn t cua nguyn t R la 114. S hat mang in nhiu hn s hat S proton cua R la A. 33. B. 44. C. 26. 40: Tng s cac hat trong nguyn t cua nguyn t R la 114. S hat mang in nhiu hn s hat S ntron cua R la A. 26. B. 44. C. 35.

khng mang in la 26 hat. D. 35. khng mang in la 26 hat. D. 144.

BAI TAP PHAN NGUYEN T Gv: Vu Trong Tan 41: Tng s cac hat trong nguyn t cua nguyn t R la 114. S hat mang in nhiu hn s hat khng mang in la 26 hat. S khi cua R la A. 144. B. 35. C. 44. D. 79. 42: Cac hat cu tao cua hu ht cac nguyn t la A. proton, ntron va electron. B. proton va electron. C. ntron va electron. D. proton, ntron. 43: Nguyn t hoa hoc la nhng nguyn t co cung A. s proton. B. s ntron.C. s khi. D. s proton va ntron. 44: S khi cua hat nhn c tinh bng A. Z. B. N. C. Z + N. D. E. 45: ng vi la nhng A. nguyn t co cung s khi A. B. hp cht co cung in tich hat nhn. C. nguyn t co cung in tich hat nhn. D. nguyn t co cung in tich hat nhn. 46: S obitan trong lp M la A. 1. B. 9. C. 4. D. 16. 47: Cac electron cua nguyn t nguyn t X c phn b trn 3 lp. Lp th 3 co 3 electron. X nm th my trong bang tun hoan?A. 3. B. 8. C. 13. D. 16. 48: Khi 26Fe mt 2 electron thi cu hinh electron cua no la A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 .B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2. C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. 49: Cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung cua nguyn t nguyn t X l 3s23p1. S hiu nguyn t va ki hiu cua X la A. 3, Li. B. 5, B. C. 9, F. D. 13, Al. 50: Nguyn t R mt i mt electron tao ra ion R+ co cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung la 3p6. Cu hinh electron cua R la A. 1s22s22p63s23p6. B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1. C. 1s22s22p63s23p5. D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2. 51: Khi lng nguyn t TB cua Bo la 10,812. Bo co 2 ng vi. Bit A. 9. B. 10. C. 11.
10 5 10 5

B chim 18,8%. S khi cua ng vi th 2 la

D. 12.

52: Khi lng nguyn t TB cua Bo la 10,812. Bo co 2 ng vi. Bit

B chim 18,8%. Phn trm cua ng vi th 2 la

A. 18,8. B. 100. C. 81,2. D. khng tinh c. 53: Trong cac cu sau, cu nao khng ng? A. Electron la hat mang in tich m. B. Electron co khi lng 9,1095.10-28g. C. Electron chi thoat ra khoi nguyn t trong nhng iu kin c bit. D. Electron co khi lng ang k so vi khi lng nguyn t. 54: Hiro co 3 ng vi la
1 1

H ; 2 H ; 3 H . Oxi co 3 ng vi la 1 1

16 8

O;

17 8

O ; 18 O . Nh vy, loi nc trong t nhin co khi lng 8

phn t nho nht la A. 20u. B. 17u. C. 18u. D. 19u. 55: So sanh khi lng cua electron vi khi lng hat nhn nguyn t, nhn inh nao sau y la ung? A. Khi lng electron bng khoang 1/1840 khi lng cua hat nhn nguyn t. B. Khi lng electron bng khi lng cua notron trong hat nhn. C. Khi lng electron bng khi lng cua proton trong hat nhn. D. Khi lng cua electron nho hn rt nhiu so vi khi lng cua hat nhn nguyn t. 56: Nguyn t hoa hoc la tp hp cac nguyn t A. co cung in tich hat nhn. B. co cung s khi. C. co cung nguyn t khi. D. co cung s ntron. 57: Ki hiu
A Z

X cho ta bit nhng gi v nguyn t hoa hoc X?

A. Chi bit s khi cua nguyn t. B. Nguyn t khi TB cua nguyn t. C. Chi bit s hiu nguyn t. D. S hiu nguyn t va s khi. 58: Electron thuc lp nao sau y lin kt vi hat nhn cht che nht?A. Lp K.B. Lp M. c. Lp L.D. Lp N. 59: Nguyn t cua mt nguyn t ho hc co 4 lp electron, electron thuc lp nao sau y co mc nng lng TB cao nht? A. Lp K. B. Lp M. B. Lp L. D. Lp N. 60: Nc nng la gi? A. Nc nng la nc co khi lng ring ln nht 40C. B. Nc nng la nc co phn t khi ln hn 18u. C. Nc nng la nc trang thai rn .D. Nc nng la nc chim thanh phn chu yu trong nc t nhin. 61: Khi noi v s khi, iu khng inh nao sau y lun ung: Trong nguyn t, s khi bng A. tng khi lng cac hat proton va ntron. B. tng s hat proton va ntron. C. nguyn t khi. D. tng cac hat proton, notron va electron. 62: Khi noi v mc nng lng cua electron trong nguyn t, iu khng inh nao sau y la Khng ng? A. Cac electron lp K co mc nng lng thp nht. B. Cac electron lp ngoai cung co mc nng lng TB cao nht. C. Cac electron lp K co mc nng lng cao nht. D. Cac electron trong cung lp K co mc nng lng bng nhau. 63: S n vi in tich hat nhn cua lu huynh la 16. Bit cac electron cua nguyn t lu huynh c phn b trn 3 lp electron (K, L, M), lp ngoai cung co 6 electron. S electron lp L trong nguyn t lu huynh la: A. 12. B. 8. B. 10. D. 6. 64: Nguyn t nao trong s cac nguyn t sau y cha 8 proton, 8 notron va 8 electron?A.
16 8

O .B.

17 8

O .C. 18 O .D. 8

15 7

N.

65: Cu hinh electron cua nguyn t lu huynh (16S) va nguyn t oxi (8O) trang thai c ban co c im nao chung? A. Co lp L a bao hoa. B. Co 2 electron lp trong cung. C. Co 3 lp electron. D. Co 6e lp ngoai cung, trong o co 2e c thn. 66: Tng s cac hat c ban trong mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X la 28. Trong , s hat mang in nhiu hn s hat khng mang in la 8. Nguyn t X la: A.
18 8

F.

B.

16 8

O.

C.

19 8

F.

D.

17 8

O.
D. 30 electron. D. 2+.

67: Phn lp 3d co ti aA. 6 electron. 68: Ion co 18 electron va 16 proton mang in tich la: 69: Nguyn t Ne v cc ion Na+, F- co

B. 10 electron. A. 16+.

C. 14 electron. B. 18-. B. 2-.

BAI TAP PHAN NGUYEN T Gv: Vu Trong Tan A. s khi bng nhau. C. s proton bng nhau. B. s electron bng nhau. D. s notron bng nhau. 70: Cu hinh electron cua ion nao sau y ging cu hnh electron ca kh him? A. S2-. B. Cu+. C. Fe2+. D. Cr3+. 71: Co bao nhiu electron trong mt ion
52 24

Cr 3+ ?

A. 21.

B. 24.

C. 28. D. 52.

72: Hat vi m nao sau y co s proton nhiu hn s electron? A. Nguyn t natri (Na). B. Nguyn t lu huynh (S). C. Ion clorua (Cl-). D. Ion kali (K+). 73: Nguyn t cua 1 nguyn t ha hc co in tich hat nhn la 13+ v s khi A = 27. S electron hoa tri cua nguyn t o l A. 13. B. 5. C. 3. D. 14. 74: Nguyn t cua nguyn t hoa hoc nao sau y co cu hinh electron la 1s22s22p63s23p64s1? A.
19 9

F.

B.

40 20

Ca .

C.

39 19

K.

D.

18 8

O.

75: Nguyn t X co tng s electron cac phn lp s la 6 va s electron lp ngoai cung la 6. Cho bit X thuc nguyn t hoa hoc nao sau y? A. 8O. B. 9F. C. 16S. D. 17Cl. 76: Nguyn t X co tng s electron cac phn lp p la 11. Nguyn t X thuc loai A. nguyn t s. B. nguyn t d. C. nguyn t p. D. nguyn t f. 77: Nguyn t cua nguyn t M co cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung la 3s23p6. dng n cht, phn t M co bao nhiu nguyn t? A. 4. B. 3. B. 2. D. 1. 78: Trong nguyn t trang thai c ban, cac electron c phn b trn 4 lp. Lp quyt inh tinh cht kim loai, phi kim hay khi him ca nguyn t la: A. Lp K. B. Lp L. B. Lp N. D. Lp M. 79: Cu hinh electron cua cac nguyn t co s hiu ln lt l 3; 11; 19 co c im chung la: A. Co 1 electron lp ngoai cung. B. Co 3 electron lp ngoai cung. C. Co 2 electron lp ngoai cung. D. C 2 lp electron. 80 Cc nguyn t ca mt nguyn t ha hc co khi lng khac nhau vi nguyn nhn nao sau y? A. Co cung s ntron nhng khac nhau v s proton. B. Co cung s proton nhng khac nhau v s ntron. C. Co cung s ntron nhng khac nhau v s electron. D. C cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s electron. 81: Nguyn t khi TB cua ng la 63,546. Trong t nhin, ng tn tai 2 loai ng vi la trm
65 29 65 29

Cu v

63 29

Cu . Thanh phn phn

D. 23,7%.

Cu theo s nguyn t la A. 27,3%.

B. 26,7%.

C. 26,3%.

82: Nguyn t cua nguyn t X co tng s electron trong cac phn lp p la 7. Nguyn t cua nguyn t Y co tng s hat mang in nhiu hn tng s hat khng mang in nhiu hn tng s hat khng mang in la 8. X va Y ln lt la cac nguyn t A. Al va Br. B. Mg va Cl. C. Al va Cl. D. Si va Br. 83 Cho 2 nguyn t M va N co s hiu nguyn t ln lt la 11 va 13. Cu hinh cua M va N la A. 1s22s22p63s1 va 1s22s22p63s2. B. 1s22s22p63s1 va 1s22s22p63s23p1. 2 2 6 1 2 2 6 3 C. 1s 2s 2p 3s va 1s 2s 2p 3s . D. 1s22s22p7 va 1s22s22p63s2. 84: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R co tng s hat la 34, trong o s hat mang in gp 1,833 ln s hat khng mang in. Nguyn t R va cu hinh electron la A. Na, 1s22s22p63s1. B. F, 1s22s22p5. C. Mg, 1s22s22p63s2. D. Ne, 1s22s22p6. 85: Nguyn t cua nguyn t X co tng s hat la 82, bit s hat mang in nhiu hn s hat khng mang in la 22. Ki hiu hoa hoc cua X laA.
3+

57 28

Ni.
2-

B.

56 26

Fe.

C.

55 27

Co.
6

D.

57 26

Fe.

86: Cation X va anion Y u co cu hinh electron phn lp ngoai cung la 2p . Cac nguyn t X, Y ln lt la: A. Al va O. B. Al va F. C. Mg va O. D. Mg va F. 87: Bit s hiu nguyn t ca st la 26. Cu hinh electron cua Fe2+ la A. 1s22s22p63p64s2. B. 1s22s22p63p63d5. C. 1s22s22p63p63d6. D. 1s22s22p63p63d4. 88: Cho bit cu hinh electron cua X va Y ln lt la 1s22s22p63p3 va 1s22s22p63p64s1. Nhn xet nao sau y la ung? A. X va Y u la kim loai. B. X va Y u la cac khi him. C. X va Y u la cac phi kim. D. X la 1 phi kim con Y la 1 kim loai. 89: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X co 3 lp electron. Lp nao trong s o co th co cac electron c thn? A. Lp K. B. Lp L. C. Lp M. D. Lp L hoc M. 90: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X co 29 electron va 36 notron. S khi va s lp electron cua nguyn t X ln lt la A. 65 va 4. C. 65 va 3. B. 64 va 4. D. 64 va 3. 91: Cu hinh electron cua nguyn t biu din A. th t tng dn cac mc va phn mc nng lng cua cac electron. B. s phn b electron trn cac phn lp, cac lp khac nhau. C. th t giam dn cac mc va phn mc nng lng cua cac electron. D. s chuyn ng cua electron trong nguyn t. 92: Tng s cac hat proton, ntron va electron trong nguyn t cua nguyn t X la 40. Bit s hat notron ln hn s hat proton la 1. X thuc loai nguyn t nao sau y? A. Nguyn t s. B. Nguyn t d. C. Nguyn t p. D. Nguyn t f. 93: Ion nao sau y khng co cu hinh electron ging khi him? A. 26Fe2+. B. 17Cl-. C. 11Na+. D. 12Mg2+. 94:Nguyn t cua nguyn t X co cu hinh electron lp ngoai cng la 3p2. Tng s electron trong 1 nguyn t cua X la A. 12. C. 14. B. 16. D. 10. 95: Hp cht M c tao nn t cation X+ va anion Y2-. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t cua 2 nguyn t tao nn. Tng s proton trong X+ bng 11, con tng s electron trong Y2- la 50. Bit rng hai nguyn t trong Y2- cung phn nhom chinh va thuc 2 chu ky lin tip trong bang tun hoan. Cng thc phn t cua M la A. (NH4)2SO4. C. (NH4)3PO4. B. NH4HCO3. D. NH4HSO3. 96: Ion M3+ co cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung la 2s22p6. Tn nguyn t va cu hinh electron cua M la A. Nhm, 1s22s22p63s23p1. C. Silic, 1s22s22p63s23p2. B. Magie, 1s22s22p63s2. D. Photpho, 1s22s22p63s23p3.

BAI TAP PHAN NGUYEN T Gv: Vu Trong Tan Bai 1: Nguyen t cua Nguyen to X co cau tao bi 115 hat. Trong o, hat mang ien nhieu hn hat khong mang ien la 25 hat. Viet cau hnh cua nguyen to?HD: 2Z + N = 115 va 2Z N = 25. Mc nang lng: 1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s Bai 2: Tong so hat trong nguyen t mot nguyen to la 13. a. xac nh ten nguyen to.Viet cau hnh electron cua nguyen to Bi 3: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 34, trong s ht mang in nhiu gp 1,8333 ln s ht khng mang in. Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R? Bi 4: Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht l 62 v c s khi nh hn 43. Tm s p,n v khi lng mol nguyn t? Bi 5: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 52. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca nguyn t ? Bi 6: R c 2 loi ng v l R1 v R2. Tng s ht trong R1 l 54 ht v trong R2 l 52 ht. Bit R1 chim 25% v R2 chim 75%. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca R. Bi 7:Cho bit khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Clo l 35,5. Clo c 2 ng v l Bi 8: Agon tch t khng kh l mt hn hp ca 3 ng v Tnh th tch ca 20 gam Agon ktc?
40 35 17

Cl v

37 17 36

Cl. Hm lng % ca Ar(0,337%).

81 35 Br

37 17

Cl l baonhiu?

Ar (99,6%);

38

Ar (0,063%);
79 35

Bi 9: Tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Br, bit trong t nhin c 2 ng v

Br(54,5%) v

(45,5%)?

Bi 10: Nguyn t R c tng s ht l 115 v c s khi l 80. Tm in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 11: Hy xc nh in tch ht nhn, s p, s e ca nguyn t cc nguyn t sau?
7 3

Li;

18 9 F;

24 12

Mg;

40 20

Ca;

23 11 Na

Bi 12: Trong anion X3- tng s ht l 111, s e bng 48% s khi. Tm s p, n, e v s khi ca X3-? Bi 13: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 76, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 20. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 14: Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t Ca, bit th tch mt nguyn t gam canxi bng 25,87cm3. (Trong tinh th, cc nguyn t Ca ch chim 74% th tch, cn li l cc khe trng) Bi 15: a)Mt cation R3+ c tng s ht l 37. T s ht e i vi n l 5/7. Tm s p, e, n trong R3+? b)Nguyn t X c s khi nh hn 36 v tng s cc ht l 52. Tm cc s p, n, e v cho bit X l g? Bi 16: Hn hp hai ng v c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 40,08. Hai ng v ny c s n hn km nhau l 2. ng v c s khi nh hn chim 96% v ng v c s khi ln chim 4%. Tm s khi mi ng v? Bi 17: C bao nhiu nguyn t Hidro trong 0,46g C2H5OH? Bi 18: Nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35p. ng v th nht c 44 ntron. ng v th hai c nhiu hn ng v th nht 2 ntron. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X? Bi 19: Bit rng nguyn t st gm 26p, 39n, 26e.Tnh khi lng e c trong 1 kg st? Tnh khi lng st cha 1 kg electron? Bi 20: Mt nguyn t X gm hai ng v l X1 v X2. ng v X1 c tng s ht l 18. ng v X2 c tng s ht l 20. Bit rng % cc ng v trong X bng nhau v cc ht trong X1 cng bng nhau. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca X? Bi 21: Nguyn t nhm c bn knh 1,43 A0 v c khi lng nguyn t l 27 .v.C. a. Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t Al?

b.

Trong thc t, th tch tht chim bi cc nguyn t ch 74% ca tinh th, cn li l cc khe trng. nh khi lng ring ng ca Al. Bit th tch hnh cu: V =
4 3

R3

Bi 22: ng trong thin nhin gm hai loi ng v l

63 29 Cu

65 29

Cu vi t s

63 65 29 Cu: 29

Cu = 105:245. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung

bnh ca Cu? b)Mg c hai ng v l X v Y. ng v X c khi lng nguyn t l 24. ng v Y nhiu hn X 1 notron. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Mg, bit s nguyn t trong hai ng v t l X:Y = 3:2. Bi 23: Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 49, trong s ht mang ing bng 53,125% s ht mang in. Tm s khi v in tch htnhn? Bi 24: Nguyn t X c bn knh 1,28A0 v khi lng ring l 7,89 g/cm3. Bit rng cc nguyn t ch chim 74% th tch, cn li l cc khe trng. Tnh khi lng mol nguyn t ca X? Bi 25: Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t Fe ln lt l 1,28A0 v 56g/mol. Tnh khi lng ring ca Fe. Bit rng trong tinh th, cc tinh th Fe chim 74%, th tch cn li l phn rng? Bi 26: Nguyn t Au c bn knh v khi lng mol nguyn t ln lt l 1,44A0 v 197g/mol. Bit khi lng ring ca Au l 19,36g/cm3. Hi cc nguyn t Au chim bao nhiu % th tch trong tinh th? Bi 27: Mt hn hp gm hai ng v c s khi trung bnh 31,1 v t l % ca cc ng v ny l 90% v 10%. Tng s ht trong hai ng v l 93 v s ht khng mang in bng 0,35 ln s ht mang in. Tm s Z v s notron ca mi ng v? Bi 28: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 155, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 29: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 21. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 30: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 115, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 31: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 36, s ht mang in l 24. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 32: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 34.Cho bit s hiu nguyn t v s khi ca nguyn t? Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t ?Cho bit nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim? Bi 34: Vit cu hnh e nguyn t cc nguyn t c Z = 8; Z = 16; Z = 36; Z = 28. Cho bit s e, s lp e, s e lp ngoi cng?Cho bit cc nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim? Bi 35: Hy vit cu hnh e y v cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c cu hnh e ngoi cng nh sau: a. 2s1 b. 2s22p3 c. 2s22p6 d. 3s2 e. 3s23p1 f. 3s23p4 g. 3s23p5 h. 3d34s2 Bi 36: Vit cu hnh e ca Fe, Fe2+; fe3+; S; S2- bit Fe th 26 v s ca S l 16 trong bng tun hon? Bi 37: Cation R+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6

BAI TAP PHAN NGUYEN T Gv: Vu Trong Tan a. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t R?Vit s phn b e vo cc obitan nguyn t? Bi 38: Cho 5,9 gam mui NaX tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 14,4g kt ta. a. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca X v vit cu hnh e? b. Nguyn t X c hai ng v bn, xc nh s khi ca mi ng v, bit rng: - % ca cc ng v bng nhau. - ng v th nht c n notron v ng v th 2 c n+2 notron. Bi 39: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c s e mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5. T s gia s ht mang in v khng mang in l 0,6429. Tm s in tch ht nhn v s khi ca X? Bi 40: cu hnh e ngoi cng ca mt nguyn t l 5p5. T l s notron v in tch ht nhn bng 1,3962. S notron trong nguyn t X gp 3,7 ln s notron ca nguyn t Y. Khi cho 1,0725g Y tc dng vi lng d X thu c 4,565 gam sn phm c cng thc XY. a. Vit cu hnh e y ca X? b. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi, tn gi ca X, Y? c. X, Y cht no l kim loi, l phi kim? Bi 41: cho dung dch cha 8,19g mui NaX tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 20,09g kt ta. a. Xc nh nguyn t khi, gi tn X, vit cu hnh e? b. X c hai ng v t nhin, trong ng v th nht c s nguyn t nhiu hn ng v th hai l 50%. Ht nhn ng v th nht t hn ht nhn ng v th hai l 2 notron. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? Bi 42: X l kim loi ha tr II. Cho 6,082 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh H2 ktc. a. Tm nguyn t khi ca X v cho bit tn ca X? b. Vit cu hnh e ca X? Bi 43: Vit k hiu ca cc nguyn t A, B, E, F bit: a. Nguyn t A c tng s ht c bn l 24, s ht khng mang in chim 33,33%? b. Nguyn t B c tng s ht c bn l 34, s n nhiu hn s p mt ht? c. Nguyn t E c tng s ht c bn l 18, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 6 ht? d. Nguyn t F c s khi l 207, s ht mang in m l 82? Bi 44: Cho hp cht MX2. Trong phn t MX2, tng s ht c bn l 140 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca X ln hn s khi ca M l 11. Tng s ht c bn trong X nhiu hn trong M l 16. xc nh k hiu nguyn t M, X v cng thc phn t MX2? Bi 45: Nguyn t vng (Au) c bn knh v khi lng mol ln lt l 1,44A0 v 1,97g/mol. Hi cc tinh th vng chim bao nhiu % th tch trong tinh th, bit khi lng ring thc ca Vng l 19,36g/cm3? Bi 46: Mt hp cht M2X. Tng s ht trong M2X l 140 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2- l 13. Tng s ht c bn trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31. Xc nh cng thc phn t MX2? Bi 47: Cho hp cht MX3. Trong phn t MX3, tng s ht c bn l 196 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S ht mang in trong nguyn t M t hn s ht mang in trong nguyn t X l 16 ht. Xc nh hp cht MX3? b. Vit cu hnh e ca M v X? Bi 48: Khi cho 10,12g natri kim loi tc dng hon ton vi mt phi kim B th thu c 45,32 gam mui natri. a. Tm khi lng mol ca B v tn gi ca B?

a. b. a.

Vit cu hnh e ca cc ion M+; X2- v nguyn t M?

b.

Bit B c hai ng v l v.

A2

B v

A1

B trong

A1

B chim 50% v s nguyn t khi v s khi A1 ln hn s khi A2 l 2 n

Tm cc s khi A1, A2. - Vit phn ng ca B vi Na, Zn, Cu, P? Bi 49: Nguyn t R c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 52, s ht khng mang in gp 1,059 ln s ht mang in dng. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng HTTH? Bi 50: Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 34. a. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca nguyn t ? b. Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t ? c. Nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim? d. Cho bit v tr ca nguyn t trong bng HTTH? Bi 51: Hai nguyen to A,B tao c ion A+3 va B+ tng ng co so e bang nhau Tong so hat trong 2 ion bang 70 . Xac nh A,B va cau hnh cua chung Hng dan Hs : A,B la kim loai Tong so hat: 2ZA + NA +2ZB + NB = 74 -> 6 tuoc nhom A So e bang nhau ->co cau hnh vo kh hiem giong nhau Bi 52: Nguyen t cua nguyen to M co 34 hat cac loai ,nguyen t cua nguyen to X co 52 hat cac loai .M tao hp chat vi X co cong thc MX .Xac nh cau hnh e va so lng cac hat trong M,X Hng dan : Giai Z cua M va X bien luan Bi 53: Ion AB 4 c tao nen t 2 nguyen to A,B .Tong so Proton trong AB 4 bang 11 . Xac nh A,B biet chung la cac ong v ben co san trong t nhien Hng dan : ZA +2ZB = 11 -> Z = 2,2 Xet trng hp : ZA < 2,2 hay ZB < 2,2 .Mat khac 4 ZB < 11 ->ZA < 2,7 ->ZA < 2,2 Suy ra ZB = 1 -> ZA = 7
+ +

< 74 -> Z < 12 -> A,B

BAI TAP PHAN NGUYEN T Gv: Vu Trong Tan Bi 54: Mot nguyen to tao c ion n nguyen t mang 2 ien tch (2+) co tong so hat trong ion bang 80 . Trong nguyen t cua nguyen to co so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 22 Xac nh cau hnh e va v tr cua nguyen to trong bang HTTH Hng dan : Nguyen to co the la M 2e -> M2+ hay X + 2e -> M2Xet 2 trng hp : Giai ra ta co Z = 26 ; N = 28 ->trng hp II loai Bi 55: Nguyen to M tao c 2 muoi Clorua va Sufat co cung hoa tr .Trong muoi sunfat M chiem 28% khoi lng con trong muoi Clorua M chiem a% Xac nh M va tnh a Hng dan : at cong thc muoi la Rx(SO4)y va RCl2y/x Lap phng trnh % khoi lng M giai ra bang lap bang vi 2y/x la hoa tr Bi 56: Hai nguyen to A,B thuoc cung 1 nhom .A co 6e vo .Hc cua A vi H co % khoi lng H la 5,88% . So khoi cua A > cua B a) Xac nh A,B va hp chat cua A vi H b) B tao vi Halozen X mot hp chat BX2 trong o X chiem 81,61% khoi lng tm X Hng dan : A thuoc nhom VIA -> Hp chat vi H la H2A Lap phng trnh % H giai ra A ; t so khoi ->B la O Hp chat vi Halozen la X2O .Lap phng trnh cho %X giai ra X Bi 57: Hai nguyen to A,B thuoc 2 phan nhom chnh lien tiep trong bang .Tong so Proton trong A va B la 19 .A va B tao c hp chat X trong o tong so Proton la 70 .Xac nh cau hnh A,B va cong thc phan t X Hng dan : ZA +ZB = 19 ->A,B thuoc nhom A Trng hp I: ZB = ZA + 8 1 ->ZB = ZA + 7 ( kem 1) ZB = ZA + 8 + 1 ->ZB = ZA + 9 ( hn 1)Hp chat :AxBy .Lap phng trnh cho so hat .Lap bang chon nghiem Bi 58: Nguyen to M tao c oxit M2O7 .Trong nguyen t M co 80 hat cac loai Xac nh M ,cau hnh va % khoi lng M trong oxit Bi 59: Hai nguyen to A,B thuoc cung 1 nhom va thuoc 2 chu k lien tiep trong bang HTTH .Tong so P trong 2 hat nhan nguyen t A,B la 30 . Xac nh cau hnh,v tr cua A,B va cac ion chung co the tao ra Bi 60: Phan t XY2 co tong so hat 114 trong o so hat mang ien gap 2 lan so hat khong mang ien .So hat mang ien trong X ch bang 37,5% so hat mang ien trong nguyen t Y . Xac nh X,Y va cong thc XY2 Bi 61: A,B la 2 nguyen to thuoc 2 nhom lien tiep va 2 chu k lien tiep .Tong so hat mang ien trong 2 nguyen t A,B bang 50. Hp chat gia A,B phai ieu che bang gian tiep . Xac nh A,B Bi 62.Hp chat A tao thanh t cac ion M+ va X2- .Trong phan t X co 140 hat cac loai trong o so hat mang ien bang 65,714 tong so hat .So khoi cua M ln hn X la 23 Xac nh M,X Bi 63. Hai nguyen to A,B thuoc 2 phan nhom chnh lien tiep trong bang.B thuoc nhom V , trang thai n chat A va B khong phan ng vi nhau .Tong so Proton trong hat nhan A va B bang 23 .Viet cau hnh e cua A va B .So sanh tnh chat phi kim cua A va B Bi 64. Nguyen to R thuoc nhom A.Trong oxit cao nhat R chiem 40% khoi lng Xac nh cong thc oxit o va cho biet oxit o la oxit axit hay baz ? viet phng trnh phan ng minh hoa tnh chat o Bi 65. Hp chat M tao thanh t Cation X+ va Y2- .Moi ion eu do 5 nguyen t cua 2 nguyen to tao nen .Tong so Proton trong X+ la 11 con trong Y2- la 48 Xac nh cong thc phan t cua M biet Y2- gom cac nguyen to thuoc cung phan nhom chnh va thuoc 2 chu k lien tiep Bi 66. Nguyen to R tao ion R- .Trong R- co 53 hat cac loai .Hay xac nh so khoi cua R .R co 1 ong v R/ ,trong R/ co nhieu hn R 2 hat c ban .Trong t nhien ong v R/ chiem 25% s nguyen t . Tnh khoi lng nguyen t trung bnh cua R Bi 67. Ba nguyen to A,B,C p cung phan nhom chnh thuoc 3 chu k lien tiep .Tong so Proton trong 3 nguyen t bang 70 .o la nhng nguyen to nao ?Viet cau hnh e cua cac nguyen t o Bi 68. Mot hp chat M cau tao t 2 ion M+2 va X- (cac ion c tao ra t cac nguyen t tng ng ) .Trong phan t M co tong so hat la 116 trong o so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 40 .So khoi cua M+2 ln hn cuaX- la 21 .Tong so hat trong M+2 ln hn cuaX- la 2 lan. Xac nh v tr cua M va X trong bang HTTH Bi 69. Trong anion AB 3 co 30 proton .Trong nguyen t A va B co so Proton bang so notron Viet cau hnh cua A,B va cho biet trong hp chat cua A,B co lien ket loai g ? Bi 70. Hp chat A co cong thc MXx trong o M chiem 46,67% khoi lng .M la kim loai ,nguyen t M co so P t hn so N la 4 hat .X la phi kim chu k III,nguyen t co cung so P va N .Trong phan t A co 116 hat mang ien Xac nh M,X va cau hnh cua chung Bi 71. Cho cac nguyen to X,Y,Z co so hieu nguyen t lan lt la :8,16,15Viet cau hnh e cua cac nguyen to cho biet lien ket nao phan cc nhat trong hp chat vi H .
Bng tun hon
2

1.Hai nguyn t X, Y ng k tip nhau trong mt chu k thuc bng tun hon, c tng in tch dng ht nhn l 25. V tr ca X v Y trong bng tun hon l v tr no?.

BAI TAP PHAN NGUYEN T Gv: Vu Trong Tan 2.X, Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng phn nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t X, Y bng 30. X, Y l nguyn t no? 3.Cho 0,6g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi nc to thnh 0,336 lt kh hidro (ktc). Kim loi l kim loi no? 4.Cho 6,9gam mt kim loi X thuc nhm IA tc dng vi nc, ton b kh thu c cho tc dng vi CuO un nng. Sau phn ng thu c 9,6g ng kim loi. X l nguyn t no? 5.: Nguyn t M, thuc phn nhm IIA, 6g M tc dng ht vi nc thu c 6,16 lt hidro (27,3oC, 1atm), M l nguyn t no ? 6.Khi cho 8,8g mt hn hp hai kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIIA, tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 6,72lt kh hidro ktc. Hai kim loi l kim loi no? 7.Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B hai chu k k tip nhau ca nhm IIA. Ly 0,88g X cho ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 0,672 lt (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m v tn ca hai kim loi A, B?