MC LC

PHN M U
PHN NI DUNG
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU V SN PHM
1.1 TNG QUAN V SN PHM BNH CHOCOPIE
1.1.1 Gii thiu v sn phm
Chocopie l tn mt loi bnh c pht minh v sn xut bi tp on bnh ko
Orion Hn Quc vo
nm 1974.
Chocopie l sn phm c to thnh bi lp marshmallow chnh gia hai lp
bnh m xp v ton b bnh c bao ph bi mt lp chocolate.
Thnh phn bnh: bt m, ng, mch nha, shortening, du thc vt b oxyha,
sa bt nguyn kem, natri bicarbonat ( E500ii), amonium bicarbonat ( E503ii),
monocanxi phosphate (E341i), cht nh ha (E322),vani , protein sa, gm xanthan
(E415), mui, gelatin, bt cacao, trng g.
Chocopie c xem nh l tinh hoa ca nn vn ho m thc Hn Quc. Ban u,
Orion cung cp chocopie cho qun i dng pht cho binh lnh sau tun hun luyn c
bn u tin. Nhng by gi n rt quen thuc vi tt c mi ngi, n ni nhc ti Hn
Quc l nhc ti Chocopie, ging nh Kim Chi vy. Hin nay, chocopie c sn xut ti
nhiu ni trn th gii. Orion s dng chocopie nh mt sn phm chin lc nhm
tm mt v tr chc chn ti th trng thc phm nc ngoi v t c nhiu thnh
cng. Cng vi chocopie, Orion chim 2/3 th trng bnh ngt ca Trung Quc. Bn th
trng tiu th chocopie ln l Hn Quc, Trung Quc, Vit Nam v Nga.
1.1.2 Cc sn phm trn th trng
Th trng bnh ko chocopie rt a dng nhiu chng loi. Cng mt phng
php sn xut nhng cng thc khc nhau cho ra nhiu loi bnh vi gi r cht lng
khc nhau. Sau y l mt s sn phm trn th trng.
- Sn phm ca Orion






- Sn phm ca Lotte





- Sn phm ca cng ty c phn Phm Nguyn




-
- Sn phm ca Kinh





- Sn phm ca cng ty c phn bnh ko hi h








- Sn phm ca cng ty ng Qung Ngi






1.2. TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU
1.2.1. Bt m
Bt m l nguyn liu chnh sn xut bnh, c ch bin t ht la m. Thnh
phn ha hc chnh ca bt m gm: glucid, protein, lipid.
1.2.1.1. Glucid bt m:
Glucid l thnh phn ch yu trong bt m, chim ti 70-90% theo cht kh ty
theo loi bt m v ging la m dng sn xut loi bt . Glucid l thnh phn to nn
cu trc xp, to ngt, to mu sc, v to mi thm.
Thnh phn cc loi glucid trong bt m
Glucid ng Dextrin Tinh bt Cellulose Hemicellulose Pentosan
T l (%) 0,6-1,8 1-5 80 0,1-2,3 2-8 1,2-3,5

- Tinh bt
Tinh bt chim khong 80% glucid bt m. Tinh bt la m c cu trc ht trn,
kch thc ht t 5 50 m.
Tinh bt l thnh phn quan trng nht ca bt m, c nh hng ln n cht
lng bt nho sau ny. ln v nguyn ca ht tinh bt c nh hng n tnh rn
chc, kh nng ht nc v hm lng ng trong bt nho. Ht tinh bt nh v ht tinh
bt v s b ng ha nhanh hn trong qu trnh sn xut. Tinh bt bao gm hai cu t
l amylose v amylopectin.







Tinh bt la m Phn t amylose v amylopectin
Amylose l polysaccharide c cu to t cc phn t -D-glucose gn vi nhau
bng lin kt -1, 4 glucoside to thnh mch thng. Hm lng amylose trong tinh bt
bt m khong 20%, khi lng phn t ca amylose trong tinh bt m khong 350.000
vC, mc polimer ha l khong 2000 2200 gc glucose. Bt cha nhiu amylose th
bnh s gin hn v d v.
Amylopectin c cu to t cc gc glucose lin kt -1,4 v -1,6 glucoside v
vy m amylopectin c cu trc mch nhnh. Phn t amylopectin ca tinh bt m c hn
10.000 gc glucose lin kt vi nhau, khi lng phn t amylopectin ca tinh bt la m
khong 90.000.000 vC, trong cc mch nhnh cha khong 19-20 gc glucose. Phn
t amylose c cu to nh nhng chm nho trong xen k hai loi vng: vng mt c
cu to cht, sp xp c trt t v c tinh th do kh b thy phn; vng th hai sp
xp km trt t, c nhiu im phn nhnh v khng c tinh th nn d dng b thy
phn. Amylopectin ch ho tan trong nc nng, to dung dch c nht cao, rt bn
vng v chnh amylopectin to cho sn phm c tnh dai, n hi.
- Dextrin
Dextrin chim khong 1-5% glucid bt m. Dextrin l sn phm to thnh khi tinh
bt b thy phn di tc dng ca h enzym amylase ca la m. Khi lng phn t v
tnh cht ca dextrin ph thuc vo mc thy phn ca tinh bt. Dextrin ht vi nc
nhiu hn so vi tinh bt, nu hm lng dextrin cao, bt bnh dnh, t dai, t n hi, bt
c khuynh hng chy lng ra.
- Pentosan:
Chim khong 1,2 - 3,5% glucid bt m. Pentosan l cc polysaccharide ca cc
ng c cha 5 cacbon. Cc pentosan c tnh ho nc, khi trng n to huyn ph c
nh hng ti tnh cht vt l ca bt nho. Pentosan trong bt m gm 2 loi: pentosan
tan trong nc v pentosan khng tan trong nc, chng ch khc nhau mc phn
nhnh, pentosan khng tan c mc phn nhnh ln hn.
- Cellulose v hemicellulose:
Cellulose chim khong 0,1 2,3%, hemicellulose chim 2 8% thnh phn
glucid ca bt m. Cellulose khng c ngha v mt dinh dng v c th ngi khng
th tiu ha, nhng c tc dng gip tiu ha tt.
Cc loi ng:
Gm cc loi nh glucose, fructose, maltose, saccharose chim khong 0,1 1%
glucid bt m. Chng tham gia phn ng Maillard to mu cho sn phm.
1.2.1.2. Protein bt m
Protein l thnh phn c bit quan trng trong bt m v protein ng vai tr chnh
trong vic to nn cu trc cho sn phm. Protein ca bt m chim hm lng khong 8-
25% cht kh. Cu trc ca protein nh hng ti cht lng gluten, m cht lng
gluten li nh hng quyt nh tnh cht ca bnh Chocopie. Phn t protein c bn bc
cu trc, nu t l cu trc bc ba v bc bn nhiu hn th gluten ca bt cht hn, sc
cng t ln hn th cht lng bnh tt hn.
Protein ca bt m gm bn nhm chnh: albumin, globulin, prolamin (gliadin) v
glutenin. Trong ch yu l gliadin v glutenin, chim ti 70-80%. Khi nho bt gliadin
v glutenin ht nc to thnh mng phn b u trong khi bt nho. Mng ny va dai
va n hi c gi l gluten. Hai protein ny ca gluten bt m c kh nng to hnh,
c bit l c kh nng to ra bt nho c tnh c kt, do v gi kh, cui cng khi
gia nhit to thnh cu trc xp cho sn phm.




^ Mng gluten
Albumin: albumin ca bt m cn gi l leukosin. Chim 5-15% protein bt m.
Khi lng phn t 12.000-60.000 vC. Albumin tan c trong nc. B kt ta
nng mui (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
kh cao (70-100% bo ho).
Globulin: globulin ca bt m cn gi l edestin, chim khong 5-10% protein bt
m. Globulin khng tan hay tan rt t trong nc, tan trong dung dch long ca mui
trung ha (NaCl, KCl, Na
2
SO
4
, K
2
SO
4
), b kt ta nng (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
bn bo ha.
Prolamin: (gliadin) chim khong 40-50% protein ca bt m. Gliadin khng tan
trong nc v dung dch mui, ch tan trong dung dch ethanol hoc isopropanol 70-
80%. Bt m c khong 20-30 loi gliadin khc nhau c khi lng phn t trong
khong 30.000-80.000 vC, cc protein ca la m thng dng n chui. Gliadin
c trng cho co gin ca bt nho, c tnh a hnh rt ln.

Glutenin: chim khong 30-45% protein ca bt m, glutenin ch tan trong dung

dch kim hoc acid long. Glutenin c cu trc bc 4 phc tp, c xu hng lin kt vi
nhau bng cc tng tc a bo, bng lin kt hydro v bng cu disunfua ln hn so
vi gliadin. Glutenin c trng cho n hi ca bt nho, khi ngm nc c kh
nng to khun hay mng mng chc, n hi, c tnh c kt cao v chu c ko cng.
Do glutenin c tnh a bo b mt cao v c kh nng lin hp vi cc hp phn lipid
nn to ra mng mng khng thm kh i vi kh CO
2.
^ Gluten bt m
Khi em bt m nho vi nc, hai nhm protein ca bt m l glutenin v gliadin
s hp th nc, nh hng v sp xp li thnh hng v gin mch tng phn nn s
lm pht sinh cc tng tc a bo v hnh thnh cc cu disunfua mi. Mt mng protein
ba chiu c tnh nht, n hi c thit lp, dn dn nhng tiu phn glutenin ban u
bin thnh nhng mng mng bao ly xung quanh cc ht tinh bt v nhng hp phn
khc c trong bt m to thnh bt nho. Ra bt nho cho tinh bt tri i cn li khi
do gi l gluten t. Gluten t cha 65 70% nc, cn li 90% cht kh l protein,
10% glucid, lipid, cht khong v enzym.
Gluten t l cht to hnh, to b khung, to hnh dng, trng thi cng vi
cng, dai v n hi cho cc sn phm thc phm. Hm lng v cht lng gluten
bt m ph thuc vo ging la m, iu kin trng trt, ch sy ht, ch gia cng
nc nhit, ch bo qun Hm lng gluten t trong bt m khong 15-35% ty
thuc vo hm lng protein ca bt. C mt khuynh hng l bt m c hm lng
protein cao th cht lng gluten cao v ngc li. Vi ccloi bt m sn xut t ht b
hng, su bnh, ny mm, ht b sy nhit qu cao, hm lng gluten t gim do
tnh ht nc ca protein b thay i. Cht lng gluten c nh gi bng cc ch s vt
l sau: mu sc, n hi, dai v dn. Bt c cht lng gluten cao th n hi tt,
dai cao, v dn trung bnh bnh s n v ngon. Trng hp gluten yu ngha l
dn ln, dai thp, t n hi, bt nho dnh, bnh t n v b ra.
Trong qu trnh ch bin c th vn dng cc yu t ca nhit , nng mui
n, cng nho ci thin nhng tnh cht vt l ca gluten.
Gim nhit nho th gluten tr nn cht hn, tng nhit nho th gluten n
nhanh nhng kh nng gi kh km v bnh t n hn.
Mui n c tc dng lm cho gluten cht li v tng kh nng ht nc ln, cng
thy phn protein gim i r rt. Mui n phn ly thnh cc ion. Cc ion lm tng hng
s in mi ca nc, lm gim dy v in tch ca lp ion kp bao quanh cc
protein, lm cho cc phn t protein n gn nhau hn, hnh thnh cc tng tc a nc
v k nc, to nn nhng phn t protein c khi lng phn t ln, tng cht ca
khung gluten.
Cng nho lm tng qu trnh to hnh gluten nhng lm gim kh nng gi
kh ca gluten.
Axit ascorbic, kali bromat, peroxyt v mt s cht oxi ha khc c tc dng lm
cho gluten cht hn cn cc cht kh th c tc dng ngc li.
S lng gluten khng nh hng ln n cht lng bnh, tuy nhin hm lng gluten
tng th m ca bt nho tng, do thi gian nng b ko di. V vy, ta cn hn ch
s lng gluten trong khong 27-30%.
1.2.1.3. Lipid bt m
Lipid bt m chim khong 2-3% cht kh. Trong cht bo trung tnh chim
khong 3/4 , cn li l cc phosphatide, sterin, cc sc t v cc vitamin tan trong cht
bo. Cht bo c tc dng gip cho khung gluten n hi hn v gip gi kh tt hn. Tuy
nhin trong qu trnh bo qun, cc lipid c th b thy phn to ra cc acid bo lm tng
chua ca bt, cc acid bo cng c th b oxy ha lm bt c mi kh chu.
nh gi cht lng bt m ngi ta da vo tnh cht nng bnh ca bt. Bt m
c tnh cht nng bnh cao s lm cho bnh sn xut ra c xp cao, b mt bnh p,
rut bnh ro, sng v n hi. Tnh cht nng bnh ph thuc vo trng thi h protein-
protease v glucid-amylase. H protein-protease ca bt gm s lng v trng thi
protein, trng thi enzyme thy phn protein, lng cht hot ho. Trng thi protein-
protease c trng cho mnh hay kh nng gi nc ca bt. Cn h glucid-amylase
c trng cho kh nng sinh ng v to kh CO
2
.
1.2.1.4. Tp cht trong bt m:
Trong bt m c cha rt nhiu tp cht nh bi, su, mt v tng nhiu trong
qu trnh bo qun. Khi ch bin phi x l loi b nhng tp cht trong bt m m
bo cht lng sn phm.
+ Bng 1: Ch tiu cht lng ca bt m (TCVN 4359:1996)

Ch tiu Tn tiu chun Yu cu
Cm quan Mu sc
Trng hoc trng ng c
trng.
Mi
Mi ca bt t nhin khng
c mi v l.
V Khng c v chua
Tp cht v c Khng ln ct, t, st.
Vt l
mn:
Cn trn ray 420 m
Qua ray 118 m

Khng ln hn 20%
Khng nh hn 80%.
Ha hc
m Khng ln hn 13,5%
Hm lng gluten kh 8-10%
Hm lng tro Khng ln hn 0,75%
chua
Khng ln hn 3,5 (s ml
NaOH 1N trung ha cc
acid c trong 100g bt)
Tp cht Fe Khng ln hn 30mg/kg
D lng ha cht tr su
Nm trong gii hn cho
php
Vi sinh
Nm c Khng c
Vi nm Khng c

1.2.2. Chocolate v cc nguyn liu to chocolate
1.2.2.1. B cacao
B cacao l nguyn liu quan trng nht trong cng ngh sn xut chocolate, c
nh hng trc tip n cht lng chocolate thnh phm. B cacao l sn phm trung
gian ca quy trnh sn xut bt cacao ha tan, c to thnh sau cng on p tch cht
bo ra khi bt cacao.
y l ngun nguyn liu khng ch cung cp cht dinh dng cho c th, c cha
mt lng ln cht polyphenol chng oxy ha t nhin; m trong qu trnh ch bin, b
cacao s gip to ra hng v thm ngon c trng cho chocolate. Do n c kh nng kt
tinh a hnh ty theo nhit , dng b kt tinh c cu trc tinh th mn, bng, v thm
c trng, tan chy nhanh di iu kin thn nhit.
Bng 2: Mt s ch tiu i vi b cacao lm nguyn liu sn xut chocolate
STT Tn ch tiu cht lng Tiu chun
1 Ch s acid <4
2 Ch s x phng ha 188-195
3 Ch s iod 32-42
4 Ch s kt tinh 45-50
5 T trng (95
0
C/30
0
C) 0,898-0,904

1.2.2.2. ng
Vai tr ca ng trong sn xut bnh Chocopie l to ngt cn thit theo yu
cu snphm, iu v cho bnh. Nu ta dng nhiu ng qu lm s bnh cng. Tuy
nhin, v ngt ca bnh Chocopie c th thay i ty thuc vo s thch ca ngi tiu
dng. Do vy, t l dng ng trong sn xut bnh c th thay i.
Yu cu cht lng ng: Trong sn xut bnh Chocopie, ngi ta thng s
dng ng tinh luyn vi cht lng theo tiu chun TCVN 1695-87.
Cc ch tiu cm quan:
- Hnh dng: dng tinh th tng i u, ti kh, khng vn cc.
- Mi, v: tinh th cng nh dung dch ng trong nc ct c v ngt, khng c
mi v l.
- Mu sc: tt c cc tinh th u sng, to dung dch trong sut vi nc ct.
1.2.2.3. Sa
Thnh phn chnh ca protein sa bao gm: Casein, lactoalbumin, v
lactoglobulin. Sa b, sa tru, sa d thuc loi sa Casein v lng Casein chim >
75% tng s protein. Sa c kh nng to gel, to nh tt. Trong sn xut bnh Chocopie
s dng sa bt nguyn kem l loi sa cha 26-42% cht bo.
Sa cung cp rt nhiu cht dinh dng cho c th v trong qu trnh sn xut
(trong khi gia nhit), cc acid amin trong sa s tham gia vo cc phn ng to mu
lm tng mu cho chocolate thnh phm (phn ng Mailard).
Ta c th dng nguyn liu sa dng bt hoc dng lng (sa ti). Tuy nhin,
ngi ta thng dng sa bt hn do sa ti c hm lng nc cao (trn 87%) li cha
rt nhiu cht dinh dng, nn rt d b bin cht v h hng di tc dng ca vi sinh
vt. Ngoi ra, sa bt cn c mt s u im nh: d bo qun v bo qun c lu,
dung tch nh, chuyn ch thun li Do , sa bt l dng l tng nht thun tin
cho qu trnh sn xut chocolate. Nhng cn phi lu n ch bo qun i vi sa
bt. V n c tnh ht m mnh nn phi bao gi tht kn, bo qun ni kh ro, mt m,
m tng i trong kho khng qu 70 - 75%, nhit khng qu 15
0
C.
1.2.2.4. Cht bo
Cht bo thng c dung trong sn xut bnh l shortening. Shortening l cht
bo khan (khng ging margarine, n c cha nc), c nhit nng chy cao hn b
v margarine, cha 100% du m so vi 80% trong b v margarine, c s dng ph
bin trong cng ngh lm bnh. C mu ph thuc vo nguyn liu, thng c mu trng
hoc mu ng ty t l.
Shortening thng c dng nu, nng, lm bnh khi mi to mi
thm. Shortening l nguyn liu ca nhiu mn n, sn phm, khi thm vo n to ra cu
trc sng v mn.
Shortening c nhng u im sau:
- V tnh cht:
- Nhit nng chy cao (42 50
0
C).
- C m thp, c bn nhit, nhit trng hp sn phm cao, l cht ti nhit
tt.
- C rn cn thit nhng do thch hp, c n nh.
- Gi c mt s lng glucid cu to bi acid bo cn thit theo quy nh.
- t b hi, tr mi, c kh nng nh ha nhiu, nht l thm vo 4 - 6% mono v
diglycerid.
- t b oxy ha hn cc loi du khc.
- V kinh t:
- Gi thnh thp, bo qun c lu.
- Thi gian s dng lu do c hydro ha.
1.2.3. Cc nguyn liu sn xut marshmallow
1.2.3.1. Glucose syrup
Glucose syrup hay ng nha l sn phm ca qu trnh thy phn tinh bt. Thnh
phn ch yu trong ng nha l maltose, ngoi ra cn c D-glucose v cc dextrin. Ngy
nay, ngi ta hay dng enzyme lm cht xc tc thy phn tinh bt khng nhng nng
cao c cht lng sn phm m cn hn ch c s nhim mi trng. ng nha
d b ln men to ra v chua v mi ru. V th ng nha c chn phi c nng
cht kh trn 80%.
1.2.3.2. Gelatine
nh gi cht lng gelatine: bn ca gel khi ng
c trng bi Bloom: l khi lng tnh bng gam cn thit tc dng ln b mt
mu gel th nghim khi gel ln xung 4mm. Gelatine trn th trng c bloom
trong khong 50-300 Bloom (gam).
To ra dng gel mm do, trong sut, nghch o nhit khi lm ngui di 35
0
C.
Gelatine tan trong nc, to ra cm gic sn phm tan trong ming. Gelatine c
bn gel cao(>200g bloom) c kh nng hp th nc tt hn v c nhit tan chy cao
hn gelatine c bn gel thp. Gelatine c bn gel thp cn dng vi liu lng cao,
to ra sn phm c nht cao v dai hn.
Trong cng ngh sn xut Marshmallows, gelatine ng dng phi tha mt
s tnh cht sau y: Bloom: 200-260, nht: trung bnh-cao, liu lng(%): 2-5%.
1.2.4. Cc nguyn liu khc
1.2.4.1. Nc
Nc l nguyn liu khng th thay th trong cng thc lm bnh Chocopie. Vi
s c mt ca nc, khi bt nho mi c cu trc v nhng tnh cht cng ngh c
trng. Ngoi ra, nc cn c tc dng ha tan cc nguyn liu cn thit khc: ng,
muito thnh hn hp ng nht, gp phn to bng, mn, do, c tnh cht
quyt nh n cht lng cho sn phm.
Ngoi ra, t l nc s dng cn ty thuc vo m ca bt m. Nu bt m qu
kh th lng nc phi dng nhiu t cht lng bt nho theo yu cu.
1.2.4.2. Trng
Trng gia cm l mt loi thc phm giu dinh dng. Trong thnh phn ca n c
nhiu protein, cht bo, mui khong, vitamin,l nhng cht rt cn thit v d hp th
i vi c th ngi ( ng ha ca lng trng trng l 97%, ca lng trng l
100%).
Thnh phn ha hc ca trng g: Nc (85,5-86,55%), Protid (12,5%), Lipid
(0,3%), Glucid (0,5-0,9%).
Protein lng trng : ch yu tn ti dng Lipoprotein ch tch c khi lm bin
tnh. Lng trng c lecithin nhm nh tng ha c tc dng lm chm s thoi ha
ca tinh bt. V mt dinh dng lng trng kh hon chnh i vi vic cung cp cc
cht cn thit cho nhu cu ca c th ngi. Lng trng trng l cht to bt rt tt nn c
tc dng gip bt nho tr nn ti xp. Nu lng trng kh ln th khng cn dung n
thuc n ha hc.
1.2.4.3. Cht bo qun
Trong sn xut bnh Chocopie s dng cht bo qun l Calcium propionate. N
c tc trc tip n nm mc, v trn mt s nm men v vi khun. Hot tnh ca n cng
ph thuc rt ln vo pH ca mi trng c bo qun, pH ti u ca n l 5,0 5,5,
pH = 6: c ch cc vi khun to thnh bo t. Propyonate v propyonic 8 12% lm c
ch s pht trin ca nm mc b mt phmai v b.
1.2.4.4. Cht to xp
Bt n cho vo c tc dng lm cho bnh xp. Khi nng, bt n trong iu kin
nhit cao s phn hy sinh ra kh, to nn nhng l hng trong bnh, lm bnh thm
xp mn.
Trong sn xut bnh, ngi ta thng dng hai loi bt n sau:
- Bicacbonat natri (NaHCO
3
): khi phn gii to ra kh CO
2
. Loi ny c u im
khng li mi trong bnh, nhng kh nng to kh km v nu s dng khng
thch hp th trong sn phm s tha nhiu Na
2
CO
3
lm cho bnh c mu sm.
- Cacbonat amon ((NH
4
)
2
CO
3
): khi phn gii to ra kh NH
3
, CO
2
. Loi ny c kh
nng to kh nhiu, nhng li mi khai trong bnh.
Thng thng, ngi ta thng s dng kt hp hai loi trn. Nh vy va tng
cht lng bnh v cn khc phc c nhng nhc im do hai loi dng ring gy ra.
Yu cu ca bt n: tinh khit: 85 90%, ht mn, ng nht, mu trng, khng ln
tp cht. Cn bo qun thuc n trong kho thong mt, kh ro, cch nhit, cch m tt.
1.2.4.5. Cht iu v, cht to mu
Cht iu v: Acid Malic (E 296) v acid citric
Cht to mu: Khi chn mu, trc ht phi m bo cht mu khng c hi i
vi c th ngi, sau mi ch n mu sc, tan, bn mu v cc phn ng bin
mu khc. Cc cht mu thng dng trong sn xut bnh Chocopie l: tartrazin (vng
chanh), ponceau 4R ( ti)
1.2.4.6. Mch nha
Mch nha lm cho bt nho thm mm, ti, v tng tnh ho nc, c bit lm
cho bnh c mu vng ti do s phn hy to ra monosaccharide.
Chng 2- LP LUN KINH T
2.1. Nguyn tc chn a im xy dng nh my
xy dng mt nh my sn xut bnh chocopie, iu u tin cn quan tm
n l vic chn a im xy dng nh my thch hp, bao gm cc yu t thun tin
Nh my c xy dng gn ngun nguyn liu: nguyn liu s dng ch yu l bt
m, trng, bt ca cao. Do , cn chn a im xy dng nh my gn vng nguyn
liu m bo ngun cung cp nguyn liu. y nh my s dng lng cc
thnh phn trn nn a s phi nhp khu do cn chn ni gn vi cng, sn bay .
- Din tch khu t chn phi rng, thong, c tim nng pht trin kinh t
- Nh my phi c t gn mng li giao thng quc gia, gn ng b,
ng st, sn bay, cng... tin cho vic vn chuyn v tiu th sn phm.
Mt khc, cc nguyn liu ph nh ng, acid citric cng cn c thu
mua, vn chuyn t cc vng khc nn yu t giao thng cn ch trng.
- Nh my phi c t gn ni cung cp nhin liu, kh t, in, nc...
- Nh my phi t gn khu dn c tn dng c mt ngun lao ng di
do.
- a hnh khu t phi bng phng, khng b ng nc li vo ma ma,
thot nc d dng. Kh hu ca vng phi ph hp vi tnh hnh sn xut
ca nh my.
- Phi m bo vn v mi trng, an ninh trt t v quc phng.
- Ni xy dng nh my phi c s cho php v ng h ca cc c quan a
phng
- Nm trong vng quy hoch c kh nng hot ng di lu
- Vn cp thot nc phi d dng
- Vn ngun nhn lc phi m bo
2.2. Phng php la chn a im
2.2.1. Phn tch nhn t la chn a im
2.2.1.1. Mc ch xy dng nh my
2.2.1.2. Cc yu t chnh nh hng quyt nh n vic xy dng nh
my v nguyn tc la chn
Ngun nguyn liu
Giao thng vn ti
Ngun lao ng
Th trng tiu th sn phm
a hnh v c im khu t
Ngun in - nc
2.2.1.3. Phng php nh gi cho im xy dng nn 2 bng:
nh gi mc quan trng ca cc nhn t

CC NHN T NH
HNG
T
V1
T
V2
T
V3
T
V4
T
V
5
TNG
IM
%
Ngun nguyn liu 9 7 8 7 8 39 17.3
Giao thng vn ti 7 7 8 7 8 37 16.4
Ngun lao ng 5 5 6 6 6 28 12.4
Th trng tiu th 6 6 7 6 7 32 14.2
c im khu t 6 6 6 7 5 30 13.3
in 6 6 7 6 6 31 13.7
Nc 6 6 5 7 5 29 12.7

Gi tr nh hng ca tng nhn t
STT Cc nhn t chnh Cc yu t nh hng
1
Ngun nguyn liu
(17.3%)
Nguyn liu chnh (10%)
Nguyn liu ph (7.3%)
2
Giao thng vn ti
(16.4%)
ng thy (8.2%)
ng b (8.2%)
3 Ngun lao ng
Gi thu lao ng (8%)
(12.4%) Vng tuyn lao ng (4.4%)
4
Th trng tiu th
(14.2%)
Khong cch n th trng tiu th (4.2%)
Cnh tranh (10%)
5
c im khu t
(13.3%)
c im nn t (11.3%)
L lt (2%)
6
Ngun in (13.7%)
Qua mng li chung (5.7%)
Qua trm pht ring (8%)
7
Ngun nc (12.7%)
Gi nc cp (5.7%)
c im ca ngun nc (7%)

2.2.2. Thu thp thng tin: la chn my khu cng nghip v nh gi da vo
cc c im:
Cc a im c la chn nh gi:

a im 1: CN Nhn rch 3


Thng tin chung


- Thuc huyn Nhn Trch, tnh ng Nai
- Qui m 688 ha
- c quy hoch thnh ph cng nghip vi
quy m 8000ha, bao gm h thng sn bay, bn
cng, khu cng nghip, khu quy hoch dn c,
khu vui chi gii tr

V tr a l
- Cch Tp. HCM 30Km (qua ph Ct Li).
- Cch Tp. HCM 60Km (i Xa l H Ni v Quc
l 51).
- Cch Tp. Bin Ha 45Km.Cch Tp. Vng Tu
70Km.

c im khu t
- cao so vi mt bin : 28m
- m trung bnh t : 78 82%
- Nhit trung bnh : 260C
- Lng ma trung bnh hng nm : t 1.800
- Ma ma bt u t thng 6 n ht thng 11
hng nm.
- Ma kh bt u t thng 12 n ht thng 5 hng
nm.
- Cng nn cao, bnh qun >2Kg/cm2. Nn t
cng, n nh nn chi ph x l nn mng cng
nh chi ph xy dng cc cng trnh thp.

Ngun in
S dng ngun in li quc gia. Cp in p 22Kv.
Ngoi ra, KCN cn c th s dng in t ngun
cung cp ca cng ty Formosa, c cng sut 150MW

Gi in: 815 ng/Kwh

Ngun nc
Nh my nc ngm Nhn Trch: cng sut
20.000m3/ngy m.
Nh my nc Thin Tn, cng sut 200.000m3/ngy
m.
Gi nc: 4.830 VN/m3 ~ 0.3 USD/m3

X l nc thi
Trm XLNT c tng cng sut: 14,000m3/ngy m.
(Cng sut giai on 1 l 2,000m3/ngy m).
- Nc thi cn x l ca cc nh my: nc thi cng
nghip, bao gm nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn
xut.
- Tiu chun nc thi khu cng nghip: TCVN
5945:2005.
- Ph x l nc thi: 0,32USD/m3.
- Khi lng nc thi c tnh bng 80% khi lng
nc cp.
Gi thu
- Tr hng nm: 1,7 USD/m
2
/nm
- Tr mt ln:
+ 35 USD/m
2
/ton b thi gian thu (n nm 2053)
+ Ph qun l: 0,2 USD/m
2
/nm







a im 2 : CN Phc


Thng tin chung
- X Thi Ha, x M Phc, huyn Bn
Ct, tnh Bnh
- Nm trong khu vc t gic kinh t trng
im pha Nam (Tp. H Ch Minh, Bnh Dng, B
Ra-Vng tu, Long An, Bnh Phc, Ty Ninh v
ng Nai), cch TP. H Ch Minh 45 Km v th x
Th Du Mt 14 Km v pha Bc
- Cn vi cng bin, sn bay quc t, cc
trung tm dch v thng mi ti Tp. H Ch Minh
(60 pht i xe), cch Tn Cng 32 km, cm cng Si
Gn, VICT, ICD Phc Long 42 Km v cch sn
bay Tn Sn Nht 42 Km.
- Tip gip vi Quc l 13 c nng
cp v m rng 06 ln xe l tuyn ng huyt
mch giao thng chnh ni lin vi cc Tnh ln cn
cng nh ta i cc trc giao thng chnh ca c
nc.
- Nm ti giao im ca 02 n v hnh
chnh quan trng ca Tnh Bnh Dng: Th x Th
Du Mt v Huyn Bn Ct (Bn knh 14 Km). c
im dn c c khong 200.000 ngi tui lao
ng v c t 5000 7.000 hc sinh tt nghip
PTTH hng nm. Ban Qun L KCN m bo gii
thiu, cung cp cng nh to mi iu kin thun li
cng ty c th tuyn dng mt lc lng lao ng
tt nht phc v cho nhu cu sn xut ca doanh
nghip

V tr a l
- Pha Bc tnh Bnh Dng
- Cch TP. H Ch Minh 45 Km v th x
Th Du Mt 14 Km v pha Bc
- Cch Tn Cng 32 km, cm cng Si Gn,
VICT, ICD Phc Long 42 Km v cch sn bay
Tn Sn Nht 42 Km.
c im khu t
- c im iu kin t nn cng (Khng
cn gia c nn mng), cao 30-35 m so vi mc
nc bin s gip nh u t tit kim khong 30%
chi phi xy dng.
Ngun in
- in li quc gia, cp t 2 tuyn tn nh-
m phc v bn ct m phc (22kw)
cng sut trm 100MAV v 200MAV
Ngun nc
- Nc sch s l theo tiu chun WHO
cng sut 12000m
3
/ngy v pht trin 20000m
3
/ngy
X l nc thi
- Cng sut 16000m
3
/ngy m
0,25 USD/m
3
Thanh ton vo ngy cui
thng. (Tnh trn 80% lng nc cp tiu th thc
t)
Gi thu
Khon thanh ton hng nm: 0,2 USD /m
2
/nm Thanh
ton lm 02 ln vo thng 01 v thng 07 hng nm


a im 3: KCN Bin ha 2


Thng tin chung
- Thuc Tp. Bin Ha, tnh ng Nai
- Qui m 365 ha
V tr a l
- Cch Thnh ph Bin Ha 5 km
- Cch TP. H Ch Minh khong 25 km v hng
ng Bc
- Cch Sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht 30km
- Cch TP. Vng Tu khong 90 km
- Cch Cng Ph M 44km
- Cch Cng Si Gn 30km
- Cch Cng ng Nai 2 km
- Cch Ga Si Gn 28 km

Ngun in
- T in li quc gia qua trm bin p 63 MVA
815 ng/ Kwh
Ngun nc
- H thng mch vng cp nc khp kn ton khu,
dn thng n tng nh my, m bo cung cp
nc y p lc v lu lng vi cng sut
cung cp nc khong 20.000m
3
/ngy m
- Gi nc : 4.820 ng/ m
3

X l nc thi
- Nh my x l nc thi tp trung c cng sut
4.000 m3/ngy m bng cng ngh x l hin i
UNITANK ca B.
Gi thu
- Gi thu t: 2,25 USD/m
2
/nm
- Ph s dng h tng: 0,5 USD/m
2
/nm

Bng cho im
Cc nhn t Mc nh gi im
H
s
a im
1 2 3
1. Ngun nguyn liu

Chi ph nguyn liu chnh
Thp 4
10
40
Trung bnh 3 30
Cao 2 20
Rt cao 1
Chi ph nguyn liu ph
Thp 4
7.3

Trung bnh 3 21.9 21.9 21.9
Cao 2
Rt cao 1
2. Giao thng

ng thy
Rt thun li 4
8.2
32.8 32.8 32.8
Thun li 3
t thun li 2
Khng thun li 1
ng b
Rt thun li 4
8.2

Thun li 3 24.6 24.6 24,6
t thun li 2
Khng thun li 1
3. Ngun lao ng

Gi thu lao ng
Thp 4
8

Trung bnh 3 24 24 24
Cao 2
Rt cao 1
Vng tuyn lao ng Rt thun li 4 4.4 17.6
Thun li 3 13.2 13.2
t thun li 2
Khng thun li 1
4. Th trng tiu th

Khong cch n th
trng tiu th
Rt thun li 4
4.2

Thun li 3 12.6 12.6
t thun li 2 8.4
Khng thun li 1
Cnh tranh
Khng gay gt 4
10

t gay gt 3
Gay gt 2
Rt gay gt 1 10 10 10
5. c im khu t

c im nn t
Rt bng phng 4
11.3

Bng phng 3 33.9 33.9 33.9
t mp m 2
Mp m 1
V tr khu t
Rt thun li 4
2

Thun li 3 6
t thun li 2 4 4
Khng thun li 1
6. Ngun in

Mng li chung
Rt n nh 4
5.7

n nh 3 17.1 17.1 17.1
Km n nh 2
Khng n nh 1
Trm pht ring

Rt n nh 4
8
32 32 32
n nh 3
Km n nh 2
Khng n nh 1
7. Ngun nc

Gi nc cp
Rt thp 4
5.7

Thp 3 17.1 17.1
Cao 2 11.4
Rt cao 1
c im ngun nc
Rt sch 4
7

Sch 3 21 21 21
t sch 2
Khng sch 1
Tng im 280 310.6 288,5
Th t v a im c chn 3 1 2













CHNG 3 CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG
NGH SN XUT MT DU
3.1. Quy trnh cng ngh
3.1.1. Qu trnh nho trn

Quy trnh tin hnh:

















3.1.3.1. Quy trnh nho bt cc nguyn liu ph v ph gia
+ Mc ch: chun b phi trn cc nguyn liu ph thnh nh tng chun b
cho qu trnh nho trn c tt hn bi v chc nng quan trng ca h nh tng l
lm bn h bt xp, gip bnh thnh phm c xp t yu cu v phn tn cc ht
cu bo.
Bt m
Chun b bt
Nhng chocolate
Ghp bnh
Nho v phi trn
To hnh + nng
Np v ng gi
Tri marshmallow
ngui
Sn phm
chocolate
Marshmallow
Cc nguyn
liu khc
Nguyn liu ph phi trn bao gm:
Cht nh ha: mono v diglyceride (471), polycerol ester (475), lecithin
(322).
Cht bo qun: calcium propionate (282).
Cht iu v: acid malic (296), acid citric (330).
Hng tng hp: trng, sa, b.
Mu thc phm tng hp: ponceau 4r (124), tartrazin.
+ Cc bin i chnh
o Bin i vt l: nhit tng nh
o Bin i ha l: nc, du v cc hp cht tan trong nc du to thnh h nh
tng ng u. C s ha tan cc cht kh: CO
2
, O
2

+ Yu cu: phi m bo tnh ng nht ca hn hp nh tng thu c
3.1.3.2. Qu trnh nho
+ Mc ch:
To thnh mt khi ng nht khi nho trn nh tng vi bt m nhm thun li
cho qu trnh to hnh.
Hon thin cc ch tiu cht lng cho sn phm chng hn nh xp nh vo
kh nng gi kh kn trong khi bt nho (kh nng ny to nn tnh cht c trng ca
bnh c xp).
+ Cch tin hnh: qu trnh nho trn c chia lm hai giai on:
Giai on 1: tt c cc thnh phn cht bo, ng v cc thnh phn ph to
kem trc, sau trn bt vo v nho s b, nc c b sung trong qu trnh nho.
Khi khng kh i vo bn trong khi bt, lm gim khi lng ring ca n.
Giai on 2: khi bt sau c i qua thit b nho trn tc cao vi h
thng lm lnh bng nc bn ngoi. Khng kh c a vo khi bt vi tc v
p sut hp l to khi bt c khi lng ring khong 0.88g/cc nhit d 19
0
C. p
sut trong qu trnh nho trn c iu chnh nh mt van kh u ra ca thit b
nho.
+ Cc qu trnh bin i:
Bt tng i dnh trong giai on u ca qu trnh nho khi do lng nc t
do trong khi bt nhiu sau khi cc nguyn liu lin kt cht ch vi nhau th
dnh gim, ng thi th tch ca khi bt cng gim, dai tng.
Nhng sau mt thi nho do c s xm nhp v tch ly cc cht trong khi nho
nn th tch v khi lng bt tng.
Trong qu trnh nho bt, nhit ca khi bt nho s tng do ma st v do cc
phn ng ha hc xy ra trong bt nho.
Bin i ha l:
Mt pha nho bt nho dng paste c hnh thnh t hn hp cc thnh phn
ban u vi cc pha khc nhau chuyn thnh ng nht khng tch ri.
Protein ht nc ht tinh bt trng n, to trng thi do.
Nhng cu t ri rc lin kt vi nhau thnh khi ng nht.
Hn hp bt nho c to nn c th gii thch:
Hai protein gliadin v glutein khng tan trong nc s hp ph nc, dui
mch, nh hng sp xp li thnh hng v lm pht sinh cc tng tc a bo v hnh
thnh cu disulfua mi, kt qu hnh thnh mng protein 3 chiu c tnh a nht, do,
dnh v n hi bao quanh cc ht tinh bt v nhng hp cht khc.
Lng nc t do gim l do: Tinh bt c trong bt m c khong 70%,
cng nhit bt nho ni trn, n lin kt khong 30% nh amylose v amilipectin
( do hai cht ny nu trng thi kh th lin kt bng lin kt hidro, nu cho nc vo
th lin kt hidro ngoi gia tinh bt nc c hnh thnh ).
Mui n lm tng cht cho Gluten do qu trnh phn ly thnh cc ion ca
mui. Cc ion ny lm tng hng s in mi ca nc, lm gim dy v in tch
ca lp ion kp bao quanh cc protein, lm cho phn t protein n gn nhau hn, hnh
thnh cc tng tc a nc v k nc, to nn nhng phn t protein c khi lng
phn t ln do vy m cu trc ca khi bt c cht hn.
Bn cnh c s ha tan ca nguyn liu ng.
Bin i ha hc:
Qu trnh oxy ha cht bo di tc dng ca oxy.
Qu trnh bin tnh ca protein di tc ng c hc.
Phn ng ha hc to nn xp cho sn phm.
Nhng lin kt ha hc mi do cc gliadin, glutenin s lin kt ha hc vi
nhau bng lin kt hydro, bng cu disulfua v tng tc a bo nn hnh thnh
nn mng li gluten.
Bin i ha sinh:
Emzyme protease v amylase trong thanhy phn protein v tinh bt lm
gim tnh n h ca khi bt.
Qu trnh thy phn din ra t do nhit bt nho thng nh hn 40
0
C,
y khng phi l nhit ti thch ca 2 emzyme trn.
Ngoi ra cn c bin i sinh hc: c thanh nhim vi sinh vt do s
nho trn lm tng lng O
2
ha tan, t to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin.





Hnh 1: Khi lng bt nho sau khi qua thit b nha trn
+ Yu cu: thu c khi bt dng paste trong cc thnh phn c trn
mt cch ng u
+ Thit b: nho dng ng
3.1.3.3. To hnh
Loi bt nho ny rt t bo v giu ng, c xu hng dnh cng vo b
mt bng ti trong qu trnh nng. V th mt bng ti cn c trng du trc khi bt
c t ln chun b nng.
V c tnh khi bt nho khng c mng gluten dai nn rt d b chy ra khi
nng nhit cao, ngi ta thng dng bng ti dt bit va chng dnh, va hn ch
c s chy ra khi nng ca bt. Loi du thng s dng c bit, hoc hn hp ca
du v bt ng cc c tri thnh mt lp mng v u trn bng ti.
y phng php to hnh bng cch p ct. p n l phng php nn
khi bt nho qua l khun. p sut nn c to bi nhng con ln cho bt nho xp v
mm, sau c ct bng dy kim loi.
Hnh dng ca bnh ph thuc vo s n khp ca tc ca u phun v bng ti. Vi
loi bnh Choco pie, hnh dng bnh trn l do u phun v bng ti chy cng tc
ngay sau khi u phun c m ra.
+ Cc yu t nh hng
Nhit :nhit nh hng n nht ca bt nho.
Nhit cao lm bt nho c nht thp, d p ct nhng to iu kin cho cc
phn ng caramel, mailard v mt s phn ng khc xy ra mnh m, gy mu khng
mong mun cho sn phm.
Nhit cao lm bay hi nc, nh hng n cc thng s c qu trnh nng
sau . Nhit qu thanhp lm bt nho c nht cao, kh p ct.
Lng bt: va theo tiu chun ca nh my, thng th lng bt dng l
7.3g/2 bnh.
+ Yu cu: cc ming bt nho c khi lng kch thc ng u.

3.3.1.4. Nng:
+ Mc ch v mc ch:
Ch bin: Nhit cao trong l nng c tc dng lm chn sn phm, thch hp
cho mc ch s dng ng thi dn n s bin i l ha v h keo lm cho sn
phm c cu trc, mi v, mu sc c trng.
Bo qun: nhit nng cao (trn 150
0
C), tiu dit vi sinh vt vo trong giai
on
+ Cc bin i
Cc bin i vt l:
Bin i v khi lng: khi lng ca sn phm (bnh nng) gim i,
nguyn nhn l do mt nc t trong qu trnh nng di tc dng ca nhit .
Bin i v nhit : nhit bnh tng ln, nhng khng phi ng u
trong cu trc. Bnh khi ra khi l nung t nhit 98
0
C v c hm m tm l 8%.
Lp v nng (khong 1500C) v kh hn (1-2% hm m) nhng c th lm ngui
nhanh.
Trong sut qu trnh lm ngui, lng m chuyn t bn trong ra lp v v
sau bc hi.
Cc bin i ha l:
S bin i m: song song vi s bin i nhit , m trong vt liu cng bin i
do qu trnh trao i m vi mi trng (l nng). c trng ca qu trnh trao i m
l s bc hi nc, tin ti cn bng vi m mi trng.
Bin i h keo: s tc dng tng h gia protein, tinh bt v nc lm cho bt
nho tin n trng thi mm, do. Protein trng n nhit 30oC, nhit cao hn
th trng n gim dn, trn 50oC protein ng t v mt nc. Nc s c tinh
bt ht trong qu trnh trng n v h ho, xy ra trong sut qu trnh nng, lm cho
sn phm kh hn.
Bin i trng thi: di tc dng ca nhit cao, trng thi ca sn phm bin
i ng k. Di tc ng nhit nng ln thnh phn ca khi bt, protein b ng
t gii phng nc cn tinh bt th b h ha hnh thnh cu trc lp v bnh: mm, xp,
tch tng lp.
Cc bin i ha hc:
Tinh bt h ha mt phn, v b phn hy to dextrin, ng.
Xy ra phn ng Maillard gia ng kh v acid amin trong giai on u ca
nng (nhit thp).
Xy ra phn ng Caramel lm mt ng nhng to mu nu sn phm khi nhit
nng ln cao.
Cc bin i ha sinh v sinh hc: nhit nng cao (200
0
C) nn tiu dit ht cc vi
sinh vt.
Cc bin i cm quan:
Qu trnh nng xc tin s bin i tnh cht sinh l ha ca cc thnh phn
tham gia cu thnh bnh bn thnh phm, lm cho bnh thnh phm chn. S bin i
dn n s to thnh hng v, mu sc c trng v lm tng gi tr cm quan ca sn
phm.
+ Thit b: l nng ng hm

3.1.3.5. Lm ngui
Lm ngui l qu trnh ngc li vi qu trnh un nng. N l qu trnh h nhit
t
nhit ban u cao n nhit cui cng bng nhit mi trng chung quanh hay
cao hn mt t.
Hu ht cc bin i vt l ca qu trnh lm ngui l ngc li vi qu trnh un
nng,
tuy nhin cng c mt vi bin i khng thun nghch.
+ Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh ph nhn.

3.1.3.6. Ph nhn v kp bnh:
Marshmallow dng trong sn xut bnh chocopie khng ging nh ko
marshmallow
thng thng, thnh phn ca n ch yu l gelatin, hm lng ng rt t. Gelatine
c phi trn ng nc, gia nhit v nh bong ln to khi mm xp c trng dung
trong sn xut bnh Chocopie.
Nhn mashmallow nng c ph ln mt bnh bng h thng u phun t ng,
chun
b cho qu trnh kp nhn.
Ph nhn mashmallow nng chy v nhn mashmallow c lm mm
+ Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh ph chocolate.
S dng my kp nhn, gip ming bnh khng c ph mashmallow v ming bnh
c ph mashmallow ghp li vi nhau, to thnh hnh bnh chocopie vi lp nhn
mashmallow chnh gia.

+ Cc bin i:
Vt l: nhit ko Mashmallow tng ln, nht gim.
Ha l: mashmallow chuyn t th rn sang lng.
Ha hc: phn ng caramen ha, lm mt mu trng ca lp nhn.
+ Cc yu t nh hng:
Nhit : Nhit thch hp l 40oC, nhit ny c th ph marshmallow
bng cch phun, kh nng bm dnh ca marshmallow vo b mt bnh l tt nht. Nu
nhit thp hn phi h tr thit b ct khi phn phi.
Lng marshmallow: Lng marshmallow va phi, khng qu nhiu s lm chy
trn lp marshmallow ra ngoi, khng qu t s khng ph kn c b mt bnh, nh
hng ti gi tr cm quan ca sn phm. Lng dung thch hp l 5.2g/bnh.


3.1.3.7. Ph Chocolate:
+ Mc ch Bnh sau khi kp nhn c cho qua h thng ph chocolate nng chy
nhit 40
0
C, lm cho ton b b mt bn ngoi bnh c ph mt lp o chocolate
mng to im c trng cho loi bnh chocopie ny, tng cng hng v, mu sc cho
sn phm.
+ Bin i:
Vt l: nhit gia tng do bnh tip xc vi chocolate nng. Sau gim xung
trong qu trnh lm ngui.
Ha hc: c xy ra phn ng Caramel khi gia nhit chocolate, nhng y l phn
ng c li gip tng mu v hng v cho chocolate.
Ha l: Bnh ang c hm m thp c th b ht m khi tip xc vi chocolate
nng, lm tng hm m bnh, lm mm cu trc bnh.
Cc yu t nh hng:
Nhit : Nhit chocolate nng thch hp c th ph thnh mt lp mng
u trn bnh. Nu nhit chocolate qu ngui, nht cao th kh chy u trn b
mt bnh, nhit qu nng lm oxy ha cht bo, chy kht chocolate.
Tc bng ti: Bnh c cho qua chocolate chy thnh mng vi tc va
phi, chocolate c ph u ln b mt. Tc qu nhanh c th lm chocolate
ph khng u, tc qu chm c th to lp chocolate qu dy.
Lng chocolate: Lng chocolate va phi, khng qu nhiu s ngi n cm
thy ngn, khng qu t s khng ph kn c b mt bnh, nh hng ti gi tr cm
quan ca sn phm. Lng dung thch hp l 5.2g/bnh
Yu cu sn phm t c nh phn yu cu cht lng bn di.
3.1.3.9. Lm ngui:
+ Mc ch: lm cho lp v chocolate ca bnh ng c li.
+ Cc bin i quan trng trong qu trnh:
Bin i vt l: nhit bnh gim, c s co th tch ca lp v chocolate.
Bin i ha l:
Chocolate chuyn t th lng sang th rn.
Bnh c th b ht m lm cht bo kt tinh v gy ra hin tng n hoa trn b
mt v chocolate.
Nu lm mt qu nhanh c th lm tng nguy c chocolate chm ng lm xut
hin cc tinh th khng mong mun, lm cho cu trc chocolate b mm v khng c
mn.
Cc bin i khc: khng ng k.
3.1.3.10. Bao gi
+ Mc ch:
o Bo qun: bnh sau khi nng d b ht m tr li khi iu kin mi trng
xung quanh, nn phi bo qun trong cc bao b chng thm du nc.
o Hon thin: bao b c in mu m bt mt gp
phn tng gi tr cm quan cho thc phm. Bao cn c thi kh tr cng phng ln
trnh khi
rt b v ra.

bnh, c ct ri v xp thnh bao hon chnh, c hn thn hn m hai u.













3.1.2. Quy trnh Chocolate

Gii thch quy trnh cng ngh
3.1.2.1. Phi trn:
+ Mc ch:
Hnh thnh hn hp ng nht t b cacao, sa, dng( ng mn) s dng cho cc
qu trnh sau
+ Cch tin hnh:
- Bt cch khuy, cho b cacao vo thng khuy trn trc cho t t bt
cacao, sa, ng dng bt vo to thnh pha phn tn. Cho cnh khuy hot ng trong
B, cacao, sa,
ng
Phi trn
Nghin tinh
o trn nhit
Lecithin
Chocolate
X l nhit
sut qu trnh.
- Thi gian nho trn: 20 ti 30 pht, nhit 40-45
o
C
cc cht bo trong sa rt d b oxy ha trong iu kin o trn nhit cao v
thi gian ko di nn thng ko qu 60
o
C,
- m thich hp l 1-2%
+ Cc bin i:
Vt l :
Trong qu trnh nho trn, s thay i v cng, mm, do, trong, nht,
khc x nh sng, c s thay i v cc ch tiu v nhit l nh h s dn nhit, nhit
dung
Ha hc:
-Tng s to thnh lin kt ha hc
m ca hn hp gim xung cn 1 2%
Ha l:
Hn hp nguyn liu sau khi trn s chuyn thnh dng paste kh
3.1.2.2. Nghin mn:
+ Mc ch :
- Gim kch thc cc cu t, to thun li cho cc qu trnh x l nhit tip theo
sau.
- Giai on nghin ny cng kh quan trng trong vic quyt nh cht lng cm
quan ca Chocolate. N lm cho cc tinh th ng cng nh cc ht cacao t kch
thc cc mn, khi n Chocolate s khng c cm gic b sn. Giai on nghin tinh rt
phc tp v thit b hay hiu sut
+ Phng php thc hin :
Hn hp chocolate sau khi nho trn c nhiu phn t c kch thc ln s c
a vo thit b nghin 5 trc - nhp liu t ng - nghin bt n kch thc khong
30 m, to ra hn hp rt mn, ng u cao. Cc trc quay vi tc tng dn t trc
y ln trc nh, cc tinh th ng c nghin mn; sau c tch ra khi trc nh
bng mt dao co sc.
Nhit ca hn hp khong 45 - 48oC.. n nh nhit , ta cn cho nc lun
chuyn trong ng lm ngui cc trc.
+ Cc bin i xy ra :
Vt l :
Kch thc cc ht gim xung thp.
Nhit hn hp tng do ma st; nht hn hp gim n thp nht, do cc ht mn
v m hn hp gim.
My c thit k d s dng, dung tch sn phm ln, cht lng t yu cu. Qu
trnh nghin nt cc thnh phn ca chocolate gia 2 trc nghin to ra kh nng s dng
ng tinh th thay cho ng bt. Bng cch ny, ngi ta cng c th lm gim bt m
bn trong chocolate.
My c th gip nng cao ng nht nhng khng lm h hng sn phm, bi v
s qu nhit l c im tiu biu ca qu trnh nghin tinh. Cc phn t to thnh sau khi
nghin tinh c kch thc nh khong 25 m.
Vng ni kt gia 2 trc c gii hn v 50% b mt ca cc trc c s dng nh
vng lm mt.
Cc kt qu c th t c nh s dng 2 trc nghin l: cht lng, hng v v cc
c tnh k thut ca sn phm cui cng v nhng c im ny khng th t c khi
s dng nhng h thng khc. Bi v c cc qu trnh khc cng din ra ng thi trong
sut qu trnh nghin tinh, v y l c s to thnh cc c tnh ring cho sn phm
sau cng.
3.1.2.3. o trn nhit
^ Mc ch :
Ch bin : Lm chn hn hp sau khi nghin mn, to kt cu v hng v c trng cho
chocolate.
^ Phng php thc hin :
Nhit ca qu trnh: c gi 45
0
C 60
0
C.
Thi gian: ko di t 48 - 72 gi.
Ngoi ra, ta c th cho thm cc cht to nh tng nc trong du, c gc phosphatid
nhm lm gim nht ca chocolate.
^ Cc bin i xy ra :
o Vt l:
Nhit khi chocolate tng cao do ma st gia khi chocolate vi thnh thit b v gia
cc phn t vi nhau, nht gim.
o Ha hc:
- Phn ng Maillard gia acid amin v ng kh to mu, mi, v c trng cho
sn phm.
- Loi cc acid d bay hi c mi kh chu nh acid acetic.
- Cc cht mu b oxy ha to mu c trng cho chocolate.
- m hn hp gim.
o Ha l:
Lecithin c thm vo (< 0.5 %) trc khi kt thc qu trnh o trn 1 gi vi cc
mc ch:
+ Lm gim nht, gip khi chocolate t c lng cn thit.
+ Ci thin cu trc bn nh chocolate.
+ Lm gim nguy c xut hin hin tng n hoa cht bo.
o Cm quan:
C s bin i su sc v mi v v mu sc, do nng cao cht lng ca chocolate
thnh phm
3.1.2.4. X l nhit :
+ Mc ch :
Hon thin c th: n nh tinh th b cacao t dng khng bn sang dng bn
hn, trnh hin tng b mt sn phm chocolate b xm hoc n hoa. Ngoi ra,
cc tinh th b ca cao phn phi ng u s gip cho chocolate d dng kt rn
trong qu trnh lm mt.
+ Chun b:
Sau khi tinh th chocolate hnh thnh, nng nhit ln 28
0
C 30
0
C to iu kin thun
li cho vic rt khun.
+ Phng php thc hin:
Hu ht cc phng php x l nhit u c thc hin theo 4 bc:
+ Lm tan chy hon ton khi chocolate.
+ H nhit n im kt tinh v c th gieo mt t mm tinh th, b cacao s tinh th
ha nhanh.
+ Qu trnh kt tinh.
+ Lm tan chy cc tinh th khng bn v cc tinh th bn kt tinh li di dng ht.
u tin nng nhit khi chocolate ln khong 44
0
C 45
0
C v gi trong 10
pht cc khi cacao tan chy hon ton.
Sau h nhit khi chocolate nng chy xung khong 27oC v gi nhit
n nh, to iu kin cho cc tinh th b cacao c hnh thnh (cn gi la giai on
mm tinh th) v kt hp vi s khuy trn cc tinh th phn b u trong khi
chocolate.
Trong giai on ny, ta c th b sung vo mt s mm tinh th gip giai on ny
din ra nhanh v tt hn.
Sau cng, nng nhit ca khi chocolate ln khong 28oC - 30oC lm tan
chy cc tinh th km bn cn st li, trong khi cc tinh th bn khng b tan chy. Ngoi
ra, ln gia nhit ny cn to cho khi chocolate mt lng thch hp cho qu trnh rt
khun tip theo.
Chocolate c x l nhit c th lu tr trong vi thng m khng b hin
tng n hoa trong iu kin nhit phng khng i trong khong 15 18
0
C.
+ Cc bin i xy ra :
Vt l :
S thay i nhit lm kt tinh hon ton cc dng tinh th bn v khng bn.
Ha l :
+ B cacao c rt nhiu dng tinh th v cc dng khng bn s t t chuyn sang
dng bn hn.
+ S tan chy hon ton khi chocolate, khi chocolate chuyn sang dng lng
+ Nhit nng chy ca cc dng tinh th b ca cao.
Ha hc:
C nhng bin i tng t nh trong qu trnh o trn nhit (s bin i cc cht mu,
gii phng cht d bay hi gy mi kh chu )
3.1.3. Quy trnh nhn Marshmallow











Gii thch quy trnh
Saccharose, glucose syrup, nc ln lt c cho vo thit b nu c cnh khuy
v gia nhit n khi t 115 C, ngng gia nhit cho gelatine qua qu trnh ngm
vokhuy trn s b. Khi hn hp c bm qua thit b nho nh bng nhm hnh
thnh cu trc sn phm marshmallow. Trong qu trnh nho ta c th b sung thm ph
gia to hng to, v nu cn.
3.1.3.1. Nu
+ Mc ch
- Chun b: to thnh hn hp dng lng, ng nht ca cc cht khc nhau
- Bo qun: gp phn lm tng thi gian bo qun sn phm do nhit cao s tiu dit
mt phn vi sinh vt
+ Cc bin i
- Vt l: nhit tng, nng dung dch tng do nc bc hi, nht v t trng
ca dung dch cng tng, th tch v khi lng ca dung dch s gim
- Ha hc: phn ng nghch o ng, phn ng caramel. Phi hn ch nu khng s
nh hng n mu sc sn phm

3.1.3.2. Nho trn
+ Mc ch
- Ch bin: to dai, xp, kh nng gi kh, hnh thnh nn cu trc t trng ca
sn phm
- Hon thin: trong giai on ny ta c th phi ch thm mt s ph gia mu mi
(nu cn) nhm tng tnh cm quan ca sn phm
+ Cc bin i:
- Vt l: nguyn liu dng lng sau nho tr thnh dng st, khi ko sau nhi ny
ng nht v c xp nht nh
- Ha hc: khng ng k do nhit nho thp ch yu l phn ng to gel ca
gelatine
3.2. Ch tiu cht lng ca sn phm
+ Ch tiu cht lng
Yu cu ca nhn Marchmallow:
m: 15-18% l yu t quan trng nht.
Do, mm, dai.
Ch tiu bnh bng lan bn trong c tnh trn mt n v bnh Chocopie (28g):
Ch tiu Tn tiu chun Yu cu
Cm quan
Mu sc Mu vng ti c
trng
Mi v Mi thm c trng
V Ngt nh
Cu trc Xp, mm
Tp cht Khng tp cht
Ha hc
m <= 25%
Cht bo tng 5g
Cht bo bo ha 2g
Glucid tng 11 g
cholesterol 11mg
Protein 11mg
ng 1g
Hm lng tro khng tan trong HCl
10%
< 1%
Calcium 14mg
St 0.2mg
Dietary fiber 0.4mg
Vi sinh
Tng s vi khun hiu kh 104 khun lc/g
Tng s nm mem, nm mc 100 khun lc/g
coliforms 10 khun lc/g

+ Yu cu chung cho sn phm bnh Chocopie: l loi bnh xp nhn do ph
socola nn c cc thuc tnh sau:
Mt bnh mu nu ca socola
Bn trong l phn bnh bng lan mu vng
gia c lp Mashllow (cht to ngt, do) to tnh cht c trng cho sn phm.
Bnh mm, xp, c mi v c trng ca bnh bng lan kp Marshllow ph socola
m < = 4-7%.

+ Gi tr dinh dng
Trng lng sn phm dng hp giy: 360g v cha 12 gi.
Mi gi 28 g c 125cal, cht bo tng 6g, carbohydrate tng 18g, protein
1g, natri 62mg.
CHNG 4 - CN BNG VT LIU
CN BNG VT LIU CN SN XUT RA 10 TN BNH
CHOCOPIE/NGY
Trng lng sn phm dng hp giy: 360g v cha 12 gi, mi gi c khi lng 28g.
T l thnh phn ca nguyn liu trong 1 chic bnh (%)
Nhn Masrhmallow: 18.6
Lp v chocolate: 18.6
Lp bnh bng lan bn trong: 62.8
4.1.1. C s l thuyt tnh ton cn bng vt cht
4.1.1. Lp nhn Masrhmallow
Bng 1: m nhn Masrhmallow qua cc giai on
STT CNG ON M (%)
1 Trc trn 18%
2 Sau khi Trn 17
3 Kem sau khi kp vo bnh 16.5
4 Kem sau khi nhng scola 16
5 Bao b 16

Bng 2: Lng hao ht thnh phm qua cc giai on
STT CNG ON TIN HNH T L HAO HT
(%)
1 Chun b nguyn liu 0.5
2 Nu-trn nhn 0.8
3 Tri 1.5
4 Ghp bnh 0.5
5 Bao gi 0.2

Trong lng hao ht c tnh theo khi lng thnh phm trong cng on
tng ng.
Bng 3: T l nguyn liu dng lm Masrhmallow trong 1 ca sn xut
Nguyn liu Khi lng (kg)
ng 94.667
Syrup 509.603
Mui 5.84
gelatin 35.323
Tng khi lng 645.433
4.1.2. Lp v Chocolate
Bng 4: m lp chocolate qua cc giai on
STT CNG ON TIN HNH M (%)
1 Trc trn 3
2 Su khi trn 2.5
3 Bn thnh phm sau khi nghin tinh 2
4 Bn thnh phm sau khi o trn nhit 2
5 Bn thnh phm sau khi x l nhit 2
6
Chocolate sau khi nhng 2

7 Chocolate sau khi lm ngui 1.5
8 Bao b 1.5

Bng 5: Lng hao ht bn thnh phm qua cc giai on
STT Cng on Tiu hao(%)
1 Chun b nguyn liu 0.2
2 Trn 0.2
3 Nghin tinh 0.1
4 o trn nhit 0.1
5 X l nhit 0.2
6 Nhng 0.2
7 Lm ngui 0.2
8 Bao b 0.1
9 TNG CNG 1.3 (%)

Bng 6: T l nguyn liu dng lm lp chocolate trong 1 ca sn xut
STT NGUYN
LIU
KHI LNG
(Kg)
1 Bt ca cao 478.933
2 ng 210.527
3 Shortening 0.747
4 Lecithin 3.74
5 Sa nguyn
kem
36.843
6 Tng cng 730.79

4.1.3. Bnh Chocopie

Bng 7: m bnh chocopie qua cc giai on
STT CNG ON TIN HNH M (%)
1 Chun b nh tng 26
2 Nho trn 25
3 Rt khun 24.5
4 Bnh sau khi Nng 17
5 Bnh sau khi tho khun 17
6 Bnh sau khi lm mt 15
7 Ph nhn + Ghp 15
8 Sau khi nhng 14.5
9 Lm ngui 14.4
10 Bao gi 7

Bng 8: Lng hao ht bn thnh phm qua cc giai on
STT CNG ON TIN HNH T L TIU
HAO (%)
1 Cng on chun b nguyn liu 0.4
2 Chun b nh tng 0.3
3 Nho trn 0.3
4 Rt khun 0.1
5 Bnh sau khi nng + tho
khun
0.3
6 Bnh sau khi lm mt 0.2
7 Ph nhn + Ghp nhn 0.4
8 Sau khi nhng 0.2
9 Lm ngui 0.2
10 Bao gi 1.2


Bng 9: T l nguyn liu dng lm bnh chocopie trong 1 ca sn xut

STT Nguyn liu Khi lng
1 Bt m 840.12
2 Trng ti 643.137
3 Cht bo qun 0.47
4 Cht to xp NaHCO
3
49.83
5 (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
21.36
6 Cht iu v 11.867
7 Cht to mu 0.943
8 Cht bo (shortening) 0.943
9 Sa 187.493
10 Mui 11.867
11 ng 569.57
12 Mch nha 35.603
13 Tng cng 2378.21

4.2. Cc cng thc s dng trong tnh ton cn bng vt cht
Hm lng cht kh theo mt m thc n
100
*
0 k i
ki
C G
C =

Trong :
G
i
: l khi lng ca nguyn liu ca mt m (kg)
C
ki
: khi lng ca nguyn liu ca cht kh ca mt m (%0
C
ko
: hm lng cht kh ca nguyn liu (kg)
Lng cht kh theo mt m thc n sau tng cng on k c tiu hao
B
ki
=
100
) 100 *(
i x
T C
(kg)
Trong :
B
ki
:lng cht kh cn li sau tng cng on i, (kg)
T
i
: t l tiu hao sau tng cng on I, (%)
C
x
: lng cht kh ca bn thnh phm sau cng on i, (kg)
Khi lng bn thnh phm thu c t mt m:
B
T
=
b
C
W
G
100
100 *
(kg)
Trong
G
C
: khi lng tng thnh phn to nn bnh thu c sau hao ht (kg)
W
b
: m ca tng thnh phn to nn bnh (%)
Lng nc cn b sung cho mt m:
N= M
a
C
K

100
100 *
(kg)
Trong :
N : lng nc cn b sung (kg)
C
K
: lng cht kh trong nguyn liu (kg)
M : tng nguyn liu trong thanhc n (kg)
a : m khi nho trn (%)
Lng nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm
Cn chn khi lng ca cc thnh phn chnh to ra sn phm chim X (%)
lng nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm:
M
i
=
T
i
T
i
B
G X
B
X G * 10 *
100 *
* * 1000
= (kg)
Trong
G
i
: khi lng nguyn liu c trong thc n
M
i
: khi lng loi nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm (kg)
B
T
: lng bnh sn xut t thc n (kg)
Tnh s hp trong 1 gi
S hp =
336 . 0
S
G
(hp)
G
S
: lng thnh phm trong 1 ca sn xut ra (kg).

nh nng sut 1 gi
N
1h
=
8
S
G
(kg/h)
G
c
: lng sn phm trong 1 ca sn xut.

nh nng sut c nm
N
nm
= G
c
. 3 . 335 (kg)
S ca trong 1 ngy: 3 ca
S ngy sn xut trong nm: 335 ngy.

4.3. Tnh ton cn bng vt cht
4.3.1. Nhn bnh Marshmallow
4.3.1.1. Thc n cho mt m nhn bnh Marshmallow
Thnh phn
Nguyn liu cho
nhn
Liu
lng
(%)
Hm lng
cht kh
(%)
Khi
lng (kg)
Hm lng cht
kh ca cc
nguyn liu
ng 13.4% 99.75 33.084 33.001
Syrup bp( ng
nha)
79.5% 85% 178.09 151.377
Mui 0.825% 99.5 2.041 2.031
Gelatin 5% 9 12.344 1.111
Tng cng 100% 225.559 C
K
= 188.519
4.3.1.2. Hm lng cht kh theo mt m thanhc n
o ng xay: C
K1
= =
100
75 . 99 * 04 . 33
33.001 (kg)
o Syrup bp: C
K2
=
100
85 * 09 . 178
= 151.377 (kg)
o Mui C
K3
=
100
5 . 99 * 041 . 2
= 2.031 (kg)
o Gelatin C
K4
=
100
344 . 12 * 9
= 1.111 (kg)
Tng hm lng cht kh ca nguyn liu cho mt m thc n:
C
K
= C
K1
+ C
K2
+C
K3
+C
K4
= 188.519 (kg)
4.3.1.3. Lng cht kh theo mt m thc n sau tng cng on k c tiu
hao
Gi s t l tiu hao qua cc cng on theo bng sau:
STT Cng on
tin hnh
T l hao ht
(%)
Lng cht kh cn li
(kg)
1 Chun b
nguyn liu
0.5 187.576
2 Nu-trn nhn 0.8 186.075
3 Tri 1.5 183.284
4 Ghp bnh 0.5 182.3675
5 Bao gi 0.2 182.0028

Lng cht kh cn li sau tng cng on:
Chun b nguyn liu: B
K1
=
100
) 5 . 0 100 ( * 519 . 188
= 187.576 (kg)
Nu-trn nhn B
K2
=
100
) 8 . 0 100 ( * 576 . 187
= 183.284 (kg)
Tri B
K3
= ) 183.284(kg
100
1.5) - (100 * 186.075
=
Ghp bnh B
K4
= ) ( 3675 . 183
100
) 5 . 0 100 ( * 284 . 183
kg =

Bao gi B
K5
= 182.0028
100
0.2) - (100 * 182,3675
= (kg)
^ Lng nhn thu c t mt m thc n:
Vi m ca nhn l 16%
B
T
=
16 100
100 * 0028 . 182

= 216.67 (kg)
4.3.1.4. Lng nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm
Chn khi lng ca nhn bnh chim 18.6% khi lng ca bnh Chocopie nn
khi lng nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm l 186 kg l:
+ ng xay M
1
= ) ( 4 . 28
67 . 216
084 . 33 * 186
kg =
+ Syrup bp M
2
= ) ( 881 . 152
216.67
09 . 178 * 186
kg =
+ Gelatin M
3
= ) ( 752 . 1
216.67
041 . 2 * 186
kg =
+ Mui M
4
= ) ( 597 . 10
216.67
344 . 12 * 186
kg =
Tng nguyn liu: M =
216.67
225.559 * 186
=193.63 (kg)
^ Lng cht kh bn thnh phm sau tng cng on:
Nhn trc khi trn : D
1
= ) 194,783(kg
216.67
226.90125 * 186
=
Sau khi Trn D
2
= ) ( 249 . 193
216.67
114 . 225 * 186
kg =
Sau khi kp vo bnh D
3
=
216.67
186 * 187,341
= 160.823 (kg)
Sau khi nhng scola D
4
=
67 . 2216
186 * 37 . 182
= 156.555(kg)
Bao b D
5
=
67 . 216
186 * 003 . 182
= 156.24 (kg)

^ Lng bn thnh phm sau tng cng on c dy chuyn

Gi thit m trong cc giai on tin hnh nh sau
CNG ON LM NHN
MASRHMALLOW
M (%)
Trc trn 18%
Sau khi Trn 17
Nhn sau khi kp vo bnh 16.5
Nhn sau khi nhng scola 16
Bao b 16

Nhn trc khi trn : D
1
= 237.54(kg)
18 100
194.783 * 100
=

Sau khi Trn D
2
= 232.83(kg)
17 100
193.249 * 100
=

Nhn sau khi kp vo bnh D
3
= ) 192.602(kg
5 . 16 100
160.823 * 100
=

Nhn sau khi nhng socola D
4
= ) 186.375(kg
16 100
156.555 * 100
=

Bao b D
5
= (kg) 186
16 100
156.24 * 100
=

4.3.2. Lp v bnh Chocolate
4.3.2.1. Thc n cho mt m v bnh Chocolate
STT Thnh phn
nguyn liu
nhn
Hm
lng s
dng(%)
Hm
lng
cht kh
(%)
Khi
lng
Hm lng cht kh
ca thnh phn nguyn
liu
1 Bt ca cao 65 98 146.613 143.68
2 ng 29.4 99.75 63.314 63.158
3 Shortening 0.1 99.5 0.2256 0.224
4 Lecithin 0.5 1.1278 1.122
5 Sa nguyn
kem
5 98 11.279 11.053
6 Tng cng 225.559 219.237

4.3.2.2. Hm lng cht kh theo mt m thc n
^ Bt ca cao C
K1
= 143.68
100
98 * 146.613
= (kg)
^ ng : C
K2
=
100
99.75 * 63.314
= 63.158 (kg)
^ Shortening C
K3
= 0.224
100
5 . 99 * 0.2256
= (kg)
^ Lecithin C
K4
=
100
99.5 * 1.1278
= 1.122 (kg)
^ Sa nguyn kem C
K5
= 11.053
100
98 * 11.279
= (kg)
Tng khi lng cht kh ca nguyn liu
C
K
= C
K1
+ C
K2
+ C
K3
+C
K4
+C
K5
= 219.237 (kg)
4.3.2.3. Lng cht kh theo mt m thc n sau tng cng on k c tiu hao
STT Cng on Tiu hao (%) Khi lng cn
li sau khi tiu
hao (kg)
1 Chun b nguyn liu 0.2 218.799
2 Trn 0.2 218.361
3 Nghin tinh 0.1 218.142
4 o trn nhit 0.1 217.924
5 X l nhit 0.2 217.488
6 Nhng 0.2 217.053
7 Lm ngui 0.2 216.619
8 Bao b 0.1 216.402

Chun b nguyn liu: B
K1
=
100
) 2 . 0 100 ( * 219.237
= 218.799 (kg)
Trn B
K2
=
100
) 2 . 0 100 ( * 218.799
= 218.361 (kg)
Nghin tinh B
K3
= ) 218.142(kg
100
0.1) - (100 * 218.361
=
o trn nhit B
K4
= 217.924
100
0.1) - (100 * 217.924
= (kg)
X l nhit B
K5
= ) ( 217.488
100
) 2 . 0 100 ( * 217.924
kg =

Nhng B
K5
= ) ( 217.053
100
) 2 . 0 100 ( * 217.488
kg =

Lm ngui B
K6
= ) ( 216.619
100
) 2 . 0 100 ( * 217.053
kg =

Bao b B
K7
= ) ( 216.402
100
) 1 . 0 100 ( * 216.619
kg =

Lng Chocolate thu c t mt m thc n:
Vi m cui cng ca Chocolate l 2% nn ta c khi lng l :
B
T
= ) ( 220.818
2 100
100 * 216.402
kg =

4.3.2.4. Lng nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm
Chn khi lng lp v Chocolate bn ngoi chim 18.6% khi lng ca c
ci bnh
Do nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm tc 186 kg Chocolate c
tnh nh sau:
Bt ca cao M
1
= ) ( 123.495
220.818
146.613 * 186
kg =
ng M
2
= ) ( 53.33
220.818
63.314 * 186
kg =
Shortening M
3
= ) ( 0.19
220.818
0.2256 * 186
kg =
Lecithin M
4
= ) ( 95 . 0
220.818
1.1278 * 186
kg =
Sa nguyn kem M
5
= ) ( 9.5
220.818
11.279 * 186
kg =
Khi lng nguyn liu:
M =
220.818
225.559 * 186
=219.237 (kg)
Vi 225.559 l khi lng ca nguyn liu trong thc n.
^ Lng cht kh bn thnh phm sau tng cng on:
Chun b nguyn liu D
1
=
220.818
186 * 218.799
= 184.3 (kg)
Trn D
2
=
220.818
186 * 218.361
= 183.93 (kg)
Nghin tinh D
3
=
220.818
186 * 218.142
= 183.746 (kg)
o trn nhit D
4
= ) 183.562(kg
220.818
217.924 * 186
=
X l nhit D
5
= ) ( 195 . 183
220.818
217.488 * 186
kg =
Nhng D
6
= ) ( 83 . 182
220.818
217.053 * 186
kg =
Lm ngui D
7
= ) ( 463 . 182
220.818
216.619 * 186
kg =
Bao b D
8
= ) ( 28 . 182
220.818
216.402 * 186
kg =

^ Lng bn thnh phm sau tng cng on c dy chuyn





Chun b nguyn liu
3.5 - 100
100 * 184.3
= D
1
=
190.984(kg)
Trn D
2
=
2.5 - 100
100 * 183.93
= 188.646 (kg)
Nghin tinh D
3
=
2 - 100
100 * 183.746
= 187.496 (kg)
o trn nhit D
4
= ) 187.308(kg
2 - 100
100 * 183.562
=
X l nhit D
5
= ) ( 186.934
2 - 100
100 * 195 . 183
kg =
Nhng D
6
= ) ( 186.561
2 - 100
100 * 83 . 182
kg =
Lm ngui D
7
= ) ( 185.242
1.5 - 100
100 * 463 . 182
kg =
CNG ON TIN HNH M (%)
Trc trn 3
Su khi trn 2.5
Bn thnh phm sau khi nghin
tinh
2
Bn thnh phm sau khi o trn
nhit
2
Bn thnh phm sau khi x l
nhit
2
Chocolate sau khi nhng 2

Chocolate sau khi lm ngui 1.5
Bao b 2
Bao b D
8
= ) ( 186
2 - 100
100 * 28 . 182
kg =
CN BNG NNG LNG CHO QUY TRNH BNH CHOCOPIE
4.3.3. Bnh Chocopie
+ Thc n cho mt m bnh Chocopie
STT Thnh phn nguyn liu T l
s
dng
(%)
Khi
lng
(kg)
Hm
lng
cht kh
(%)
Hm lng cht
kh ca tng
thnh phn
nguyn liu
1 Bt m 35.4 40.986 88 36.068
2 Trng ti 27.1 31.376 25.4 7.969
3 Cht bo
qun
0.02 0.023
99.5
0.023
4 Cht to xp NaHCO
3
2.1 2.431 2.419
5 (NH
4
)CO
3
0.9 1.042 1.037
6 Cht iu v 0.5 0.579 0.576
7 Cht to mu 0.04 0.046 0.046
8 Cht bo (glycerin) 0.04 0.046 0.046
9 Sa 7.9 9.147 98 8.964
10 Mui 0.5 0.579 99.5 0.576
11 ng 24 27.787 99.75 27.717
12 Mch nha 1.5 1.737 85 1.476
13 Tng cng 100 115.779 88.918

+ Hm lng cht kh theo mt m thc n
Bt m C
K1
= 36.068
100
88 * 40.986
= (kg)
Trng ti : C
K2
=
100
25.4 * 31.376
= 7.969 (kg)
Cht to xp C
K3
= 3.456
100
5 . 99 * 3.473
= (kg)
Cht bo qun C
K4
=
100
99.5 * 0.023
= 0.023 (kg)
Cht iu v C
K5
=
100
99.5 * 0.579
= 0.576 (kg)
Cht to mu C
K6
= 0.04577
100
98 * 0.046
= (kg)
Cht bo C
K7
= 0.04577
100
98 * 0.046
= (kg))
Sa bt C
K8
= 8.964
100
98 * 9.147
= (kg)
Mui C
K9
= 0.576
100
5 . 99 * 0.579
= (kg)
ng C
K10
= 27.717
100
75 . 99 * 27.787
= (kg)
Mch nha C
K11
= 1.476
100
85 * 1.737
= (kg)
Tng khi lng cht kh ca nguyn liu
C
K
= C
K1
+ C
K2
+ C
K3
+C
K4
+C
K5
+ C
K6
+C
K7
+ C
K8
+ C
K9
+ C
K10

+ C
K11
= 88.918 (kg)
+ Lng cht kh theo mt m thc n sau tng cng on k c tiu hao
Cng on Lng tiu hao (%) Khi lng cn li
Cng on chun b 0.4 88.562
nguyn liu
Chun b nh tng 0.3 013 . 49
Nho trn 0.3 15 . 88
Rt khun 0.1 062 . 88
Bnh sau khi Nng +
tho khun
0.3 886 . 87
Bnh sau khi lm mt 0.2 87.798
Ph nhn + Ghp 0.4 87.535
Sau khi nhng 0.2 87.36
Lm ngui 0.2 87.373
Bao gi 1.2 86.226

Gi s lng tiu hao c tnh nh bng trn.
Vi tng hm lng cht kh cho 1 m thc n l 88.918 kg vy lng cht kh cn
li sau mi cng on c tnh nh sau:
Chun b nguyn liu: B
K1
=
100
) 4 . 0 100 ( * 88.918
= 88.562 (kg)
Chun b nh tng B
K2
=
100
) 3 . 0 100 ( * ) (B
2 1 K1
m m
(kg)
Vi m
1
, m
2
l khi lng bt m, thuc n cn li sau cng on chun b.
m
1
= 35.924(kg)
100
0.4) - (100 * 36.068
=
m
2
= 3.478(kg)
100
0.4) - (100 * 1.037) (2.419
=
+

Vy B
K2
= ) ( 013 . 49
100
) 3 . 0 100 ( * ) 478 . 3 924 . 35 (88.562
kg =



Nho trn B
K3
=
100
) 3 . 0 100 ( * ) (B
2 1 K1
+ + m m
(kg)

B
K3
= ) ( 15 . 88
100
) 3 . 0 100 ( * ) 478 . 3 924 . 35 (88.562
kg =
+ +

Rt khun B
K4
= 062 . 88
100
0.1) - (100 * 88.15
100
0.1) - (100 * BK3
= = (kg)
Bnh sau khi Nng + tho khun
B
K5
= ) ( 886 . 87
100
0.2) - (100 * 88.062
100
) 2 . 0 100 ( * B
K4
kg = =

Bnh sau khi lm mt B
K6
= ) ( 798 . 87
100
) 1 . 0 100 ( * 886 . 87
100
) 1 . 0 100 ( * B
K5
kg =

Ph nhn + Ghp bnh
B
K7
= ) ( 535 . 87
100
) 3 . 0 100 ( * 798 . 87
100
) 3 . 0 100 ( * B
K6
kg =

Bnh sau khi nhng B
K8
= ) ( 36 . 87
100
0.2) - (100 * 87.535
100
) 2 . 0 100 ( * B
7
kg
K
= =

Lm ngui B
K9
= ) ( 373 . 87
100
0.1) - (100 * 87.36
100
) 1 . 0 100 ( * B
K8
kg = =

Bao gi B
K10
= ) ( 226 . 86
100
) 2 . 1 100 ( * 373 . 87
100
) 2 . 1 100 ( * B
K9
kg =

+ Lng bnh bng lan thu c t mt m thc n:
Vi m cui cng ca bnh bng lan l 15.68%
B
T
= ) ( 125 . 02 1
68 . 15 100
100 * 226 . 86
kg =

+ Lng nc cn b sung cho mt m:
N= M
a
C
K

100
100 *
(kg)
Trong :
N : lng nc cn b sung (kg)
C
K
: lng cht kh trong nguyn liu (kg) l 88.918kg
M : tng nguyn liu trong thc n (kg) l 115.779 kg
a : m khi nho trn (%) l 25%
Vy lng nc cn b sung:
) ( 778 . 2 779 . 115
25 100
100 * 918 . 88
kg N =

=

+ Lng nguyn liu sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm
Chn khi lng ca khi bnh bng lan bn trong chim 62.8% khi lng ca
ton b 1 chic bnh nn lng nguyn liu cn thit sn xut ra 1 tn thnh phm tc
l chim 628 kg.
o Bt m M
1
= 252.036
125 . 02 1
628 * 40.986
= (kg)
o Trng ti : M
2
=
125 . 02 1
628 * 31.376
= 192.941 (kg)
o Cht to xp M
3
= 357 . 21
125 . 02 1
628 * 3.473
= (kg)
o Cht bo qun M
4
=
125 . 02 1
628 * 0.023
= 0.141 (kg)
o Cht iu v M
5
=
125 . 02 1
628 * 0.579
= 3.56 (kg)
o Cht to mu M
6
= 0.283
125 . 02 1
628 * 0.046
= (kg)
o Cht bo M
7
= 0.283
125 . 02 1
628 * 0.046
= (kg))
o Sa bt M
8
= 56.248
125 . 02 1
628 * 9.147
= (kg)
o Mui M
9
= 3.56
125 . 02 1
628 * 0.579
= (kg)
o ng M
10
= 170.871
125 . 02 1
628 * 27.787
= (kg)
o Mch nha M
11
= 10.681
125 . 02 1
628 * 1.737
= (kg)
Tng lng nguyn liu: M = ) 771.963(kg
125 . 02 1
628 * 115.779
=
^ Lng cht kh bn thnh phm sau tng cng on:

o Chun b nguyn liu: D
1
= ) 544.597(kg
125 . 02 1
628 * 88.562
=
- Chun b nh tng D
2
= (kg) 301.397
125 . 02 1
628 * 013 . 49
=
- Nho trn D
3
= (kg) 542.063
125 . 02 1
628 * 88.15
=
- Rt khun D
4
= ) 541.522(kg
125 . 02 1
628 * 88.062
=
- Bnh sau khi Nng + tho khun D
5
= ) ( 44 . 540
125 . 02 1
628 * 87.886
kg =
- Bnh sau khi lm mt D
6
= (kg) 539.9
125 . 02 1
628 * 87.798
=
- Ph nhn + Ghp D
7
= ) 538.281(kg
125 . 02 1
628 * 87.535
=
- Sau khi nhng D
8
= ) 537.205(kg
125 . 02 1
628 * 87.36
=
- Lm ngui D
9
= 537.31(kg)
125 . 02 1
628 * 87.373
=
- Bao gi D
10
= ) 530.232(kg
125 . 02 1
628 * 86.226
=

^ Lng bn thnh phm sau tng cng on c dy chuyn
CNG ON TIN HNH M (%)
Chun b nguyn liu 26
Chun b nh tng 25
Nho trn 24.5
Rt khun 17
Bnh sau khi Nng + Tho khun 17
Bnh sau khi lm mt 15
Ph nhn + Ghp 15
Sau khi nhng 14.5
Lm ngui 14.4
Bao gi 7
^ Chun b nguyn liu: D
1
= ) 735.942(kg
26 00 1
100 * 544.597
=

^ Chun b nh tng D
2
= (kg) 863 . 401
25 00 1
100 * 301.397
=

^ Nho trn D
3
= (kg) 722.75
25 00 1
100 * 542.063
=

^ Rt khun D
4
= (kg) 275 . 717
5 . 24 00 1
100 * 541.522
=

^ Bnh sau khi Nng + tho khun D
5
= ) ( 132 . 651
17 00 1
100 * 44 . 540
kg =

^ Bnh sau khi lm mt D
6
= ) 635.176(kg
15 00 1
100 * 539.9
=

^ Ph nhn + Ghp D
7
= (kg) 271 . 633
15 00 1
100 * 538.281
=

^ Sau khi nhng D
8
= 628.31(kg)
5 . 14 00 1
100 * 537.205
=

^ Lm ngui D
9
= (kg) 628
44 . 14 00 1
100 * 537.31
=

^ Bao gi D
10
= 628(kg)
7 00 1
100 * 584.04
=

Bng tng kt nguyn liu v bn thnh phm ca bnh Chocopie
Bng tng kt nguyn liu
Tn
Khi lng
Kg/tn Kg/h Kg/ca
Kg/10
tn
(ngy)
Kg/nm
NGUYN LIU
Lp v bnh
Chocolate
Bt ca cao 123.495 51.456 154.369 1234.95 413708.25
ng 53.33 22.2208 177.767 533.3 178655.5
shortening 0.19 0.0792 0.633 1.9 636.5
lecithin 0.95 0.396 3.167 9.5 3182.5
Sa
nguyn
kem
9.5 3.96 31.67 95 31825
Tng cng 730.79 304.496 2435.967 7307.9 2448146.5
Lp nhn
marshmallow
ng 28.4 11.8333 94.667 284 95140
Syrup
bp(
ng
nha)
152.88 63.7 509.6 1528.8 512148
Mui 10.597 4.415 35.323 105.97 35499.95
Gelatin 1.752 0.73 5.84 17.52 5869.2
Tng cng 645.433 268.93 2151.443 6454.33 2162200.55
Lp bnh
bng lan
Bt m 252.036 105.015 840.12 2520.36 844320.6
Trng
ti
192.941 80.392 643.133 1929.4 646349
Cht bo
qun
0.141 0.059 0.47 1.41 472.35
Cht to
xp
21.357 8.899 71.19 213.57 71545.95
Cht iu
v
3.56 1.483 11.867 35.6 11926
Cht to
mu
0.283 0.118 0.943 2.83 948.05
Cht bo
(glycerin)
0.283 0.118 0.943 2.83 948.05
Sa 56.248 23.437 187.493 562.48 188430.8
Mui 3.56 1.483 11.867 35.6 11926
ng 170.871 71.196 569.57 1708.71 572417.85
Mch nha 10.681 4.4504 35.603 106.81 35781.35
Nc b
sung
2.778 1.158 9.26 27.78 9306.3
Tng cng 771.936 321.638 2573.104 7719.36 2585985.6

Bng tng kt bn thnh phm ca bnh Chocopie
Tn Khi lng
Kg/tn Kg/h Kg/ca Kg/10
tn
(ngy)
Kg/nm
BN THNH PHM V THNH PHM
Lp
v
bnh
Choco
late
Chun b nguyn
liu
190.984 79.577 636.6133 1909.84 639796.4
Trn 188.646 78.6025 628.82 1886.46 631964.1
Nghin tinh 187.496 78.123 624.987 1874.96 628111.6
o trn nhit 187.308 78.045 624.36 1873.08 627481.8
X l nhit 186.934 77.889 623.113 1869.34 626228.9
Nhng 186.561 77.733 621.87 1865.61 624979.35
Lm ngui 185.242 77.184 614.473 1852.42 620560.7
Bao b 186 77.5 620 1860 623100
Lp
nhn
Masrh
mallo
w
Nhn trc khi
trn
237.54 98.975 791.8 2375.4 795759
Nhn sau khi
trn
232.83 97.0125 776.1 2328.3 779980.5
Nhn sau khi kp
vo bnh
192.602 80.2508 642.0067 1926.02 645216.7
Nhn sau khi 186.375 77.656 621.25 1863.75 624356.25
nhng chocolate
Bao gi 186 77.5 620 1860 623100




Lp
bnh
bng
lan
bn
trong
Chun b nguyn
liu
735.942 306.6425 2453.14 7359.42 2465405.7
Chun b nh
tng
401.863 167.443 1339.543 4018.63 1346241.05
Nho trn 722.75 301.146 2409.1667 7227.5 2421212.5
Rt khun 717.275 298.8645 2390.917 7172.75 2402871.25
Bnh sau khi
nng + Tho
khun
651.132 271.305 2170.44 6511.32 2181292.2
Bnh sau khi lm
mt
635.176 264.657 2117.253 6351.76 2127839.6
Ph nhn + Ghp 633.271 263.863 2110.903 6332.71 2121457.85
Sau khi nhng 628.31 261.796 2094.3667 6283.1 2104838.5
Lm ngui 628 261.667 2093.333 6280 2103800
Bao gi 628 261.667 2093.333 6280 2103800

CHNG 5: TNH CN BNG NNG LNG
5.1. La chn thit b
1) 1. hi
Lng bt m cn ry trong 1gi l : 105.015 (kg/h)
Chn my ry rung c khung chn thp vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut : 20-200 (kg/h)
- Cng sut : 0,55 (kw)
- Kch thc ngoi (di x rng): 560 1000 (mm)
- Tc rung : 1450 (vng/pht)
- Vt liu : inox
- Kch c sng lc : 12-200 (mesh)
- S lng thit b
n =
200
105.015
= 0.525 Chn n=1. Vy s dng 1 thit b ry bt.
2) 2. My nghin ng
Lng ng cn nghin trong 1gi l : 252.601 (kg/h)
Chn my nghin ba Model SP c cc thng s k thut sau
- Nng sut 300 (kg/h)
- Tc 4800 (vng/pht)
- mn 20 120 (mesh)
- Trng lng 120 (kg)
- Cng sut 8,3 (kw)
- Kch thc my (DxRxC) 11008001700 (mm)
- S lng thit b
842 . 0
300
252.601
= = n
Vy chn 1 my nghin ng.

3) 3. My nho trn
- Khi lng bt nho cn chun b trong 1 gi: 301.146 kg
- Chn thit b nho bt lm vic gin on, thi gian nho bt l 37 pht/m
Khi lng bt nho trong 1 m l:
M = 7 . 185
60
37 301.146
=

(kg)
- Chn thit b nho bt kiu nm ngang c cc thng s k thut sau:
- Sn lng : 500 (kg/h)
- Cng sut tiu th : 28 ( kw)
- Kch thc thit b (DxRxC): 2400 x 1400 x 3700 (mm)
- Tc trn : 23 (vng/pht)
S lng thit b: n = 3714 . 0
500
7 . 185
=

S lng thit b : 1 (ci)







4) Hnh 2: My nho trn
Thit b phi trn s dng:
Cc nguyn liu ph, ngoi tr cht to xp, c cho vo thit b phi trn
khi xut hin hai h phn tch ra r rng:
Nc v cc cht tan trong nc i mt ng
Cc cht cn li khng tan trong nc i mt ng ring
Do cn thit phi nh trn u trong thi gian khong 10 pht to mt
hn hp nh tng ng u th t yu cu.
B phn chnh: H thng cnh khuy.
- Trc cnh khuy mt u gn vi ng c, u cn li c gn bi
trnh cnh khuy b lng khi quay vi vn tc ln.
- Bn khuy c gn tm chn gim xoy phu, chng tro, tng din tch
s dng.
4. Thit b chun b nh ng ( nho trc ng)
Khi lng nh tng a vo trong 1gi: 167.443 (kg/h)
Khi lng ring ca nh tng theo s liu v cng ngh sn xut ca nh
my bnh ko Qung Ngi: 1250 1270 (kg/m
3
). Chn D=1270 (kg/m
3
)
Th tch nh tng cn cha trong 1h:
132 , 0
1270
167.443
= = V (m
3
)

=132(l)
Chn thit b chun b nh tng gin on.
Thi gian to 1 m l: 20 (pht)
Vy th tch nh tng cn trn trong 1 m l
=

=
60
20 132
' V 44 (l)
Chn h s cha y ca bt trong thit b l: 0,85
Th tch ca bt l:
765 . 51
85 , 0
44
' ' = = V (l)
Da vo th tch ca bt ta chn thit b chun b nh tng gin on Model PCG200
[29] vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Th tch bt : 200 (l)
- Cng sut ng c : 4 (kw)
- Khi lng : 375 (kg)
- Kch thc thit b (DxRxC) : 1380 x 1230 x1472 (mm)
- S lng thit b n = 26 , 0
200
765 . 51
=

Chn 1 my chun b nh tng


+ Thit b s dng:
S dng thit b nho trn lin tc vi tc cao bao gm:
Mt thng hnh tr t nm c nh (bowl) c ca pha trn bn hng hay
di y tho liu, nhng thng thng th n s quay xung quanh mt trc khuy
nm ngang tho liu d dng hn.
Cc trc khuy c lp theo phng ngang nm pha trong thng hnh tr,
mi trc c mt hay hai cnh khuy.
Khi ch c mt cnh khuy th cc trc thng c t nghing trn bt
khng ch theo hng t di ln m cn t bn ny sang bn kia thng. Cc cnh
khuy c th c thit k gn st hay vn c mt khong cch no vi thng hnh
tr. Nu cnh khuy st vi thng th s m bo khuy trn c tt c bt nm y
thng, cn nu c khong cch th qu trnh nho trn, cun v ko dn bt s tt hn.
Tc v hnh dng ca cnh khuy s nh hng quyt nh n vic ct
x bt, i khi ngi ta c th dng mt cnh khuy s nh hng quyt nh n vic
cn x bt, i khi ngi ta c th dng mt cnh chn ngang vo thng nng cao
hiu qu, gip bt t c ng nht cao.

Hnh 3: Thit b nho trn
Khi c hai cnh khuy th y ca thng thng c dng hnh ch W v cc
cnh khuy s quay theo hai hng ngc nhau. Cc thit b ny c gi l thit b nho
trn c cnh khuy ch Z.
5. M o hnh
Wirecut machine XQ-600 1PC
Khi lng nh tng cn c to hnh : 298.865 kg/h
Thng s k thut
Nng sut 50- 800 kgs/h
Tc : 0-1.5 m/pht
in p : 220V - tn s 50Hz
Cng sut :57.89 KW
Nhit hot ng : 0C~50
Kch thc: 4530L x 1350W x 960H(m
S lng thit b cn chn : 37358 . 0
800
298.865
=
Cn 1 thit b.
+ Thit b: my p-ct to hnh (khng qua giai on cn).











Hnh 4: hi o hnh

6. Thit b nng
Khi lng bnh em nng trong 1 gi: 271.305 (kg/h)
Chn l nng tunnel dng in c cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut : 1000 (kg/h)
- Cng sut : 160 (kw)
- Tc : 15 (m/pht)
- Trng lng : 12000 (kg)
- Kch thc : 28000 x 1920 x 1350 (mm)
- S lng thit b : 1 (ci)
n = 271305 . 0
1000
217.305
=
Vy chn 1 l nng kiu hm.











Hnh 5: L nng ng hm

7. Bng i lm ngui cho bnh bng lan
- Khi lng bnh cn lm ngui : 264.657 (kg/h)
- Chn bng ti lm mt dng thng c cc thng s k thut sau:
- Tc : 6 - 22,5 (m/pht)
- Cng sut : 1,5 (kw )
- Cht liu ai ti : li thp
- Nng sut : 800 - 1000 (kg/h)
- Kch thc : 14000 1180 880 50 (mm)
- rng bng ti : 700 (mm)
- Trng lng : 1250 (kg )
- Nhit ca mi trng : 20 - 25
o
C
S lng thit b : n = 2646 . 0
1000
264.657
= . Vy chn 1 thit b











Hnh 6. Thit b bng ti lm ngui

8. Thit b kp nhn, ghp bnh
Khi lng nhn cn kp : 263.863 kg bnh
- Dy chuyn dng kp nhn
- Kch thc my: 17500 x 1100 x 1300 (mm)
- Trng lng my: 1500kg
- Ngun in s dng: 380VAC 3 pha
- Cng sut: 30Kw/gi
- Nng sut: 10000kg bnh/8 gi/ngy
Vy cn chn: n = 21 . 0
8
10000
263.863
=
Cn chn 1 thit b.








Hnh 7. Thit b ph nhn v kp bnh

9. My ph chocolate
Lng socolate cn ph trong 1h: 261.796 (kg/h)
Chn my c:
- Kch thc: 2000 x 1860 x 1250 mm
- Nng sut: 500 lit/h
- Cng sut my: 5 kW
S thit b cn chn: n =
524 . 0
500
261.796
= vy cn
chn 1 thit b.








Hnh 8: Thit b ph chocolate
10. Bung lm lnh Chocopie TLSD100B
Khi lng bnh cn lm lnh : 261.796 kg
Thng s chnh:
- Cng sut : 14.7 kw
- Phng php lm lnh : thng khng kh lnh bng qut li tm.
- Thi gian trong ngn lm lnh: 18~54min. (4 lp)
- Nhit lm lnh bn trong :5
o
C~15
o
C
- Nhit lm lnh bn ngoi : 0
o
C~10
o
C
- Nng sut lm lnh: 1000~1200kg/h
- Khi lng lm lnh: 4500kg
- Kch thc : 11000*1600*2000mm
S thit b cn chn :
n = 218 . 0
1200
261.667
=

Vy cn chn 1 thit b


+ Cc yu t nh hng:
Nhit : nhit ti ca vo bung lm mt c th gy sc nhit lp v
chocolate, lm cho b mt lp v khi ng li b rn nt, khng c lng mn.
m tng i ca khng kh: khi m tng i ca khng kh trn 80% th
chocolate en s ht m. m cao v nhng iu kin lm cho hi m trong khng
kh
ngng t li c th gy nn hin tng n hoa trn b mt chocolate lm cho v bc
khng c p.
+ Thit b:

Hnh 9: Bung lm mt


11. hi nh ng
Thng ngm trng
Gi s lng nc ngm trng bng 160% lng trng v thi gian
ngm trng l 10 pht /1m .
Vy th tch trng cn ngm trong 1 m l:
V = ) ( 0317 . 0
60 * 1100
10 * ) 128.627 (80.392
3
m =
+

Th tch thit b cn, chn h s cha y = 0,85
V = ) ( 294 . 37
0.85
1000 * 0317 . 0
l = =0.0373 (m
3
)
Thit k thng cha thn tr, y bng. Chn D=200 (mm). Ta suy ra chiu cao l:
H = ) ( 188 . 1
2 . 0 * 14 . 3
0373 . 0 * 4
*
* 4
2 2
m
D
V
= =
H

- Vy chn kch thc (DH) : 200 1188 (mm)
y nh trng
Khi lng trng cn nh trong 1 gi: 80.392 kg/h
Gi s lng nc ngm trng bng 160% lng trng.
Vy lng nc ngm trng l: M =
100
160 * 80.392
=128.627 (kg)
Chn khi lng ring ca trng = 1100 (kg/m3)
Gi s trng c nh 15 pht /1m
Vy th tch dung dch trng cn nh trn trong 1 m l:
V = ) ( 0475 . 0
60 * 1100
15 * ) 128.627 (80.392
3
m =
+

Th tch thit b cn, chn h s cha y = 0,85
V = ) ( 882 . 55
0.85
1000 * 0475 . 0
l =

Chn thit b nh trng c cc thng s k thut:

MODEL : HG-60L
- Kch thc : 870*1040*1570
- Ngun in : 220/380V
- Cng sut : 2.25 KW
- Khi lng : 384 kg
S lng my nh trng: n= 93 . 0
60
882 . 55
=
Vy cn chn 1 chic.
12. Thit b bao gi
Lng bnh cn bao gi trong 1 gi : 261.667 (kg/h)
Mi gi bnh cha 1 bnh, khi lng mi bnh 28g
S ti bnh cn gi trong mt pht
754 , 155
60 1 28
1000 261.667
=


= N (gi)
Chn my gi bnh dng gi tc cao B-2 c cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nhn hiu my : TB-280
- Cng sut : 3.1 (Kw)
- Kch thc (D x R x H) : 4350 x 950 x 1450 (mm)
- Trng lng ca my : 600 (kg)
- Nng sut : <=280 (gi/pht)
- di giy ng gi : 65 - 360 (mm)
- rng giy ng gi : <= 250 (mm)
- cao ca vt liu c ng gi: <=40 (mm)
- Vt liu ch to : Inox
- S lng thit b : 1 (ci)


Hnh 11: Thit b ng gi
+ Thit b:
Cun bao b c in nhn hiu sn, c dui ra v xp thnh hnh khi ch
nht, mt h thng t ng nh lng v t bnh ln b mt bng ti, mng plastic bao
bc
Thit b cho qu trnh marshmallow

1. Thit b nho trn:
Khi lng nguyn liu cn chun b trong 1h : 98.975 (kg)
Chn thit b nho bt hai ngn nm ngang c thng s sau:
Chn thit b: CMN60 c
My ng c : 380 (V); 3 (kw)
+ My ng c bm nguyn liu: 380 (V); 1,5 (kw)
+ Tc nho : 30 (vng/pht)
+ Kch thc : 1910 1080 900 (mm)
+ Nng sut : 160 (kg/h)
Chn thit b nho bt lm vic gin on, thi gian nho bt l 18 pht/1m
- Khi lng nguyn liu cn nho trong 1 m l:
M =
60
18 98.975
= 61.0346(kg)
S lng thit b:
n =
160
61.0346
= 0.381 Chn n=1 .
Vy s dng 1 thit b nho trn








Hnh 12: my trn
2. Ni nu:
Khi lng nhn cn nu trong 1 gi: 187.576 kg
S lng thit b s dng : 1 thit b dng nu cho 2 m.
- Ni nu dng hi nc lm ngun nhit thc hin qu trnh nu
- Thng s hi lm vic: Thng s hi bo ha 2,5bar; 135 C
- Nhit ti a ca qu trnh nu l 115-118
o
C
- Thi gian: dng khi t nhit 115
o
C
- C cu khuy trn c tc khuy 20-30 vng/ph. Cnh khuy c kh nng tho ri
nhanh chng d dng v sinh.

Thit b cho qu trnh chocolate
1. Trn
Lng nguyn liu vo thit b trn kem: 79.577(kg/h)
- Thit b lm vic gin on, thi gian cho mt m trn l 30 pht
- Khi lng nguyn liu trn ca mt m: M = 39.788(kg)
- Chn thit b trn theo thng s sau:
+ Nng sut : 50-150 (kg/h)
+ Kch thc : 15707001455 (mm)
+ Tc trn kem : 24 - 48 (vng/pht)
+ Cng sut mt : 4,5 (kw)
S lng: n= 5305 . 0
150
79.577
=
V chon 1 thit b.
+ Cu to:
Thit b c cu to bng thp khng r.
Nguyn liu gm b cacao, ng v sa s c a vo my phi trn qua phu
nhp liu (1). Mi cylon nhp liu u c b phn iu chnh lu lng. Nguyn tc
phi trn bng trc vt (3). B phn tho liu (4) nm pha di my.
+ Cch thc hin:
Khi ng my, cho b cacao vo trc, sau cho t t ng, sa vo. Sau thi
gian o trn, ta tho sn phm cho vo thng cha, chun b cho giai on nghin.


2. Nghin tinh s dng my nghin 2 trc
Khi lng cn nghin trong 1h l : 78.6025 (kg/h)
Thng s k thut
Chn thit b nghin 2 trc
ng knh trc ngoi: 200 mm
Chiu di trc: 350 mm
Cng sut moto: 15kw
Nng sut: 200-400 ( kg/h)
S thit b cn chn: n = 1965 . 0
400
79.6025
=

Vy chn 1 thit b
Cu to:
- Thit b nghin trc gm 5 trc bng thp khng r, c t nm ngang v xp
chng ln nhau. Nhp liu t trc cui to thnh dng lin tc, b phn tho liu
pha trn v c 1 dao co st co sn phm ra khi trc.
- Trong qu trnh nghin, do ma st gia cc trc v gia trc vi nguyn liu s
sinh nhit lm cc trc nng ln rt nhiu, gy nh hng n cng sut nghin.
Do , ta cn phi lm ngui thit b bng cch cho nc lun chuyn trong cc
trc.
Cch thc hin:
- Khi chocolate lng c cho vo phu phn phi thnh mt mng mng chy vo
khe hp gia hai trc. Tc dng nghin c to ra do sc p ca hai trc; kt qu khi
chocolate c nghin mn v chy vo mng hng .

^ Loi HFS 140 HFS 180

3. o trn nhit s dng
Y O TRN NHIT Longitudinal Conche
Khi lng cn o trn : 79.576 (kg/h)
^ Thng s k thut:
- Nng sut: 100 - 2000 kg/m
- Thi gian o trn: 48 - 72 gi
- in p: 220
- Tn s: 50 Hz
- Kch thc (l X W X H): 2400 X 1800 X 1600mm
- Cng sut: 15 Kw
S lng thit b n= 04 . 0
2000
576 . 79
= cn
chn 1 thit b.

Thit b: The Frisse Conche (Nng sut: 100 - 2000 kg/m).
^ Cu to: Thit b gm cc cnh khy c tc dng nho trn v cc dao no c tc
dng trt trn thnh thit b to ma st v tng nhit . Bn ngoi l lp v o
thun tin cho vic iu khin nhit .
Cc cnh khuy quay vi vn tc v chiu khc nhau.
Nguyn l: Qu trnh trt gia tr trn v y mng to ma st lm tng nhit . Thit
b ny thch hp vi nguyn liu dng nho hoc nguyn liu c hm lng bo cao.
gip cho qu trnh bay hi m hiu qu hn, trong qu trnh o trn ta cn gia nhit thm
cho khi nguyn liu.



4. X l nhit
Khi lng cn trong 1 h: 78.045 kg/h
Model :QT-250
- Tc chy : 100~250 (kgs/h)
- Nhit thch hp cho trc quay (rpm): 48
- Cng sut: 8.3 (kw)
- Kch thc : 100085019 (mm)
N = 312 . 0
250
78.045
=
Vy cn 1 thit b.
+ Thit b :
- Cu to: Thit b gm 3 khu vc c gn cc b phn trao i nhit ring.
Chocolate s c bm vo v di chuyntheo dng xon c xuyn qua cc phn
trao i nhit. Nhit lm mt v mc dng chy chocolate c th c ci t chnh
xc t c lng nhit trao i theo yu cu. Cc u d nhit c t sau mi
khu vc trong thit b c th o nhit ca c khi chocolate v nc lnh.












Thit b x l nhit chocolate 3 giai on

Cc thit b ph:
Bu cha m
Lng nguyn liu cn chun b trong 1 gi : 735.942 (kg/h) c kch thc nh sau:
1500 x 2500 x700 (mm).
- Bng chuyn
- Chn bm: chn 4 chic bm rng kha A3P-0.8
2
cho vic bm nh
tng, bm bt nho, bm chocolate, bm marshmallow

Chn my pht in

- Cng sut tc dng tnh ton m nh my nhn t th cp ca trm bin p:
1234 . 260 9 . 0 20.56 6194 . 241 = + = + =
cs cs tt
K P P P (KW)
(Vi K
cs
= 0.9 l h s khng ng b ca n)
- Cng sut ca my bin p c tnh:
98955 . 288
9001135 . 0
1234 . 260
cos
= = =
tt
chon
P
P

(KW)
- Chn ch lm vic ca my bin p c ph ti l 80%, nn cng sut nh mc cn
tm l: 237 . 361
80
100
= =
chon m
P P (KW)
Vy ta chn my bin p c cng sut l 400 KW
.5.2. TNH CN BNG NNG LNG
5.2.1. nh nc
5.2.1.1. Nc dng trong sn xut

Nc dng cho nho trn bnh chocopie: 1.112 (Lt/h)
Vy tng lng nc dng trong sn xut l : 1.112 (Lt/h)
5.2.1.2. Lng nc dng cho sinh hot
+ Lng dng dng cho nh n
Tnh cho 80% s cng nhn lao ng trn nh my.
Tiu chun: 30 lt/ngy/ngi nn ta c : 80%*30* 203 = 4872(lt/ngy)
Nh my c 3 phng v sinh v 8 phng tm
nh mc mi phng c 40 lt/ngy/ngi.
80%*(3+10)*40* s cng nhn= 84448 (lt/ngy)
Vy tng lng nc dng trong sinh hot l : 84448 + 4872 = 89320 (lt/ngy)
+ Lng nc dng ti cy xanh v cc mc ch khc
- Ti cy xanh, ti ng:
Gi s lng nc ti cy xanh, ti ng bng 10% lng nc sinh hot:
10% 89320 = 8932 (lt/ngy)
- Nc s dng v sinh thit b
Gi s lng nc s dng v sinh thit b bng 15% lng nc sinh hot:
15% 89320 = 13398 (lt/ngy)
- Nc cha chy:
S ct cha chy:
- Phn xng sn xut chnh : 1
- Kho cha nguyn liu : 1
- Kho cha thnh phm :1
- Nh lm vic : 1
Tng cng : 4 ct.
Mi ct nh mc 2,5lt/s. Suy ra 4 ct l 10 lt/s. Ta tnh cha chy trong
vng 3h:
3 3600 10 = 108 000 (lt/h) = 2 592 000 (lt/ngy)
+ Nc dng ra xe
Nc dng ra xe
Gi s lng nc dng ra xe l 400 lt/ngy/xe
Suy ra lng nc dng ra 5 xe ti, 2 xe ch cng nhn, 1 xe con l:
400 8 = 3200 (l/ngy)
Vy tng lng nc dng cho 1 ngy sn xut l:
89320 + 8932 + 13398 + 2 592 000 + 3200= 2 706 850 (lt/ngy) = = 2 706 .850 (m
3

/ngy)
Lng nc dng trong 1 nm
2706 0 335 = 906 794 750 (m
3
/nm)
5.2.2. nh in
5.2.2.1. nh in trong mt ngy sn xut
Nng lng s dng ch yu l in nng do mng in thnh ph cung
cp v s dng mng in 3 pha: 220V/380V.
Ngoi ra m bo tnh lin tc trong sn xut, nh my trang b thm mt
my pht in d phng.
Cng sut cn c c tnh theo cng thc :
Pc = Kc . Pd
Trong :
Kc : h s s dng khng ng nht, Kc<1
Pd : tng cng sut t, kw

STT Thit b
Cng
sut
(KW/h)
SL
K
C
S gi
lm vic
(h/ngy)
Tng cng
sut t
(kW)/ngy
Thit b ry bt

0.55 1
0.9
13 6.435
My nghin
ng
8,3 1
0.9
21 156.87
Thit b chun b
nh tng
4 1
0.9
3 10.8
My nho trn
cho bnh
28 1
0.9
9 226.8
My to hnh 57.89 1 0.8 9 416.806
Thit b nng 160 1 0.8 6 768
Thit b lm mt
bnh bng lan
1,5 1
0.8
7 8.4
Thit b kp
nhn
30 3
0.7
17 1071
My ph
chocolate
5 1
0.8
13 52
Bung lm lnh
Chocopie
14.7 3
0.7
18 555.68
Thit b bao gi 3.1 1 0.8 14 347.2
Cho marsh: thit
b nho
3 1
0.9
12 32.4
Nu 2.2 1 0.8 2 3.52
Cho chocolate:
trn
4,5 1
0.8
13 46.8
My nghin 2
trc
15

1
0.8
5 60
My o trn
nhit
15 1
0.8
1 12
X l nhit 8.3 1 0.8 8 53.12
Thit b nh
trng
2.25 1
0.8
6 10.8

Bm 1 4
0.8
9 28.8
Tng 368.29 3867.431

- Cng sut ph tr l 10% cng sut ng lc ca ng c, thit b
- Cng sut ng lc ca ng c, thit b:
119 . 405 %) 10 % 100 ( 368.29 = + =
l
P
(KW)
- Cng sut tnh ton ng lc:
0714 . 243 119 . 405 6 . 0 = = =
l C tt
P K P (KW)
Vi K
C
= 0.6 l h s cn dng, h s ny ph thuc vo mc ph ti ca cc thit b
lm vic khng ng thi.
- in nng ng lc ca ng c, thit b:
174 . 4254 %) 10 % 100 ( 3867.431 = + =
l
A (KW)

5.2.2.2. nh in dng cho chiu sng:
Din tch phn xng sn xut l: S = 63 24 = 1512 (m
2
).
- Tiu chun v chiu sng trong phn xng l 300 lux
- S bng n cn s dng c tnh theo cng thc:
F=k.E.S.Z/(n.Ksd)
Trong k: H s d tr, ly bng 1.5
E: ri tiu chun (E=300 lux)
S: Din tch sn (1512 m
2
)
Z: H s tnh ton, z=1
F: Quang thng ca n s dng (2650 lm)
Ksd: H s s dng, Ksd=0.5
=S bng n cn: 514
5 . 0 2650
1 1512 300 5 . 1
.
. . .
~

= =
Ksd F
Z S E k
n (bng).
- Cng sut nh mc ca n hunh quang l 40W.
- Cng sut dng cho chiu sng:
20560 514 40 = =
cs
P (W) = 20.56(KW)
- in nng dng cho chiu sng trong ngy (lm vic 3 ca tc 24h lm vic):
44 . 493 24 * 56 . 20 = =
cs
A (KWh)
- Tng in nng chiu sng v ng lc dng trong phn xng sn xut l:
A = 493.44 + 92.64 = 598.09 (KWh)
- in nng s dng cho cc cng trnh ph trong nh my: xut pht t nhu cu thc t
c th, y lng in tiu th cho cc nhu cu ny chim 30% lng in tiu th ca
phn xng:
427 . 179 09 . 598 % 30 = =
sd
A (KW)
Vy tng in nng tiu th trong ngy l:
A
tng
= A + A
sd
= 598.09 + 179.427 = 777.517 (KW)
Vy tng in nng ca ton nh my trong mt ngy sn xut:
777.517 + 174 . 4254 = 5031.691 ( kw)








CHNG 6 TNH XY DNG

6.1 Tnh nhn lc
6.1.1 S b tr nhn s ca nh my










* Ch lm vic
- Mi ngy nh my lm vic 3 ca: Ca 1: t 6h - 14h
Ca 2: t 14h - 22h
Ca 3: t 22h - 6h sng hm sau
Phng
k thut
PX c in

PX ph tr

Gim c

PG K thut

PG Kinh doanh

PX sn xut

Phng
QC
Phng
kinh doanh,
marketing
Phng
k hoh
Phng
hnh
hnh
Phng
k ton
Phng
t o

- Nh my lm vic 335 ngy/nm
- Khi hnh chnh lm vic 8h/ngy: Sng: t 7h - 11h30
Chiu: t 13h30 - 17h

6.1.2 S lng cn b
Bng 6.1 Cn b lm vic hnh chnh
STT B phn S ngi
1 Gim c 1
2 Ph gim c 2
3 Phng k thut 5
4 Phng kinh doanh, marketing 6
5 Phng k hoch 2
6 Phng t chc hnh chnh 5
7 Phng k ton 3
8 Phng y t 2
Tng 26

6.1.3 S cng nhn
6.1.3.1 S cng nhn lao ng gin ip
* S cng nhn lm vic trong 1 ngy
- Cng nhn li xe:
+ 5 xe ti : 8 ngi
+ 1 xe con : 1 ngi
+ 2 xe ch nhn vin : 4 ngi
- Nhn vin thu mua nguyn liu : 3 ngi
- Nhn vin bn hng v gii thiu sn phm: 6 ngi
- Nhn vin v sinh : 2 ngi
Vy tng cng nhn lao ng gin tip: 24 ngi
6.1.3.2 S cng nhn lao ng c ip
Bng 6.2 S cng nhn trc tip sn xut trong 1 ca


STT

B phn lm vic
S cng nhn
Bnh
bng lan
Marsh chocolate ng s
(ngi)
1 Vn chuyn nguyn liu
2 2 2 6
2
My nghin ng 1 1 1 3
3
My ry bt 1

1
5
Chun b nh tng 1 1 1 3
6 Chun b bt nho
2

2
7 Thit b nh trng
1

1
10 L nng
1

1
11 Lm ngui, phn loi
2 2 1 5
14 Kp nhn
1

1
16 Bao gi
2 2
17 ng thng
2 2
18 Chuyn bnh vo kho tm cha
2 2
19 Chuyn bnh vo kho thnh
phm
2 2
20 Nhn vin phng QC
4 4
21 Nhn vin sa cha thit b
4 4
22 X l nc thi
2 2
23 Nhn vin phc v nh n
6 6
24 Nhn vin bo v
4 4
25
Tng
51

6.1.3.3. S cng nhn vin lm vic ong 1 ng
S cng nhn lm vic trong 1 ngy l :
51 3 + 24 = 177 (ngi)
Vy tng cn b cng nhn vin lm vic trong nh my l :
28 + 177 = 205 (ngi)
S cn b cng nhn vin lm vic trong ca ng nht
26 + 51 + 24 = 101 (ngi)
6.2. nh kch thc cc cng trnh chnh
6.2.1. Phn xng sn xut chnh
Phn xng sn xut chnh c kch thc
Di rng cao: 70 28 10,2 (m
2
)
Din tch: S = 70 28 = 1960 (m
2
)
Chn:
+ Nhp nh : L = 24 (m)
+ Bc ct : B = 6 (m), m rng B = 9 (m)
+ Chiu cao nh : H = 10,2 (m)
+ Chiu di nh : D = 63 (m)
c im nh:
- Nh bng b tng ct thp:
+ Ct 400 600 v 400 400 (mm)
+ Tng bao che dy 300 (mm).
+ Ca s (C R) (mm): 2000 3000
+ Ca chnh: chn loi ca y ngang
Kch thc : (C R) (mm): 4000 3000
+ Ca ph: (C R) (mm): 3000 3000, 2500 3000
- Mi nh c cu trc:
+ Lp gch nem
+ Lp va lt
+ Lp b tng ct thp
+ Panen mi
+ Dm chu lc mi
- Nn nh c cu trc:
+ Nn xi mng
+ Lp b tng
+ t t nhin
6.2.2. ho nguyn liu
Ta c cng thc:
F
n
= G f
n
n (m
2
)
F
n
:

Din tch cha nguyn liu, m
2

G : Khi lng nguyn liu chi ph cho 1 ngy, tn
f
n
: Tiu chun din tch bo qun cho 1 tn nguyn liu, m
2
/tn
n : S ngy d tr, ngy

Bng 6.4 Din tch kho cha nguyn liu
Nguyn liu
Chi ph G
(kg/ngy)
Thi gian
bo qun n
(ngy)
Lng
bo qun
Gn (tn)
Tiu chun
din tch f
n

(m
2
/tn)
Din tch
cn c F
n

(m
2
)
Lp Bnh bng lan
Bt m
2520.36 10 25.2036 1 25.2036
ng 1708.71 10 17.0871 0,84 14.3531
Ph gia 256.239 8 2.0499 1.5 3.0748
Sa 562.479 7 3.9382 1,35 5.906
Trng 1929.399 7 13.5058 1,35 18.2328
Mui 35.601 7 0,249 0,5 0,1245
Mch nha 106.809 10 1.0681 1.5 1.6021
Tng 67.6869
Marsh v Chocolate
ng 747.108 10 7.47108 0,84 6.2757
Shortening 1.899 5 0.009495 1,35 0.012818
Lecithin 9.501 7 0.066507 1,35 0.089785
Sa nguyn
kem
95.01 7 0.66507 1.35 0.89785
Bt ca cao 463.107 10 4.63107 1 4.63107
Tng 11.907

Tng din tch cn thit cha nguyn liu:
67.6869 + 11.907= 79.5939 (m
2
)
Din tch kho nguyn liu:
F = F
n
K (m
2
)
F: Din tch kho, m
2

F
n
: Din tch cn thit cha nguyn liu, m
2

K: H s tnh c li i li, chn k = 1,3
Vy din tch kho nguyn liu l:
F = 79.5939 1,3 = 103.47207 (m
2
)
Thit k kho nguyn liu 1 tng
Kch thc (DRC): 12 10 6 (m)
6.2.3. ho thnh phm
Ta c cng thc
F
p
= G f
p
n (m
2
)
F
p
: Din tch cn thit cha sn phm, m
2

G : lng sn phm cn cha trong 1 ngy, tn
f
p
: Tiu chun cn thit bo qun 1 tn sn phm, m
2
/tn. Chn f
p
= 2 (m
2
/tn)
n: Thi gian bo qun. Chn n = 12 ngy
F
p
= 10 2 12 = 240 (m
2
)
* ng din tch kho thnh phm:
F = F
p
K (m
2
)
F : Din tch kho thnh phm, m
2

F
p
: Din tch cn thit cha sn phm, m
2

K: H s tnh c li i li, chn k = 1,3
Vy F = 240 1,3 = 525 (m
2
)
Kch thc (DRC) : 24 13 6

6.3 Nh hnh chnh v cc nh phc v sinh hot
6.3.1 Nh hnh chnh
Bng 6.5 Din tch cc phng lm vic

STT

Phng
Din tch
(m
2
/ngi)
S
ngi
Din tch phng
(m
2
)
1 Phng gim c 12 1 12
2 Phng ph gim c 10 2 20
3 Phng t chc hnh chnh 6 5 30
4 Phng k hoch vt t 4 2 8
5 Phng k ton 4 3 12
6 Phng kinh doanh 4 6 24
7 Phng k thut 5 5 25
8 Phng y t 5 2 10
10 Phng hp 24
11 Phng tip khch 20
12 Nh v sinh 15
Tng cng 200

Hi trng
S lng nhn vin: 272 ngi
Gi s chn tiu chun cho mi nhn vin l: 1 (m
2
/ngi)
Din tch cn: 177 1 =177 (m
2
)
Vy tng din tch nh hnh chnh v hi trng l:
200 + 177 = 377(m
2
)
Da vo tng din tch nh hnh chnh v hi trng ta xy dng 2 tng vi kch
thc mi tng l
* Tng 1: (DRC): 20 10 4,8 (m)
* Tng 2: (DRC): 20 10 4,8 (m)
6.3.2 Nh n
Tnh cho 2/3 s cng nhn 1 ca ng nht.
Vi din tch tiu chun: 2,25 (m
2
/cng nhn)
S lng cng nhn vin trong 1 ca ng nht : 101 (ngi)
Din tch nh n l:
3
2
101 2,25 = 151.5 (m
2
)
Thit k nh 1 tng vi kch thc (DRC) (m): 20 8 6
6.3.3. Nh xe
Nh xe dng cha xe p v xe my ca cng nhn vin nh my. Nh xe
c tnh cho 30% s cng nhn cho ca ng nht. Din tch c tnh l 3 xe p/m
2
, 1
xe my/m
2
.
Gi s tt c cng nhn vin trong nh my u i xe my.
Din tch c tnh :

100
30
101 1 = 30.3 (m
2
)
Vy thit k nh xe c kch thc (DRC) (m): 7 x 5 x 3
6.3.4. Gara t
Gara t cha:
+ 2 xe ca a n cng nhn.
+ 1 xe con cho ban gim c.
+ 5 xe ch hng.
Gi s din tch trung bnh mi xe: 15 m
2
/xe

. Din tch cn thit:
8 15 = 120 (m
2
)

Kch thc (DRC) (m): 18 x 7 x 3

6.3.5. Nh sinh hot v sinh
6.3.5.1. Nh tm
S phng nh tm tnh cho 60% s cng nhn trong ca ng nht v 7 cng nhn /1
vi tm
n = 575 . 7
100 8
60 101
=

phng , chn 8 phng

Kch thc mi phng 0,9 0,9 (m)
Tng din tch: 6.48 (m
2
)
6.3.5.2. Phng thay qun o
Tnh cho 60% s cng nhn trong ca ng nht
Tiu chun 0.2 (m
2
/1 cng nhn)
F = 12 , 12
100
60 2 . 0 101
=

(m
2
)
6.3.5.3. Nh v sinh
Chn s lng nh v sinh bng
4
1
s lng nh tm
N = 2
4
8
= phng. Chn 2 phng
Kch thc mi phng : 1.5 1,2 (m)
Tng din tch : 1.8 (m
2
)
Vy tng din tch cn thit xy nh sinh hot v sinh l:
6.48 + 12.12+ 1.8 = 20.4(m
2
)
Kch thc : (DRC): 7 3 3 (m)
6.3.6. Nh bo v
Nh bo v c xy dng gn cng chnh.
Kch thc (DRC) (m): 3 3 3 (m). S lng: 2 nh bo v.
6.4. Cc cng trnh ph tr
6.4.1. Phn xng c kh
S lng cng nhn trong phn xng c kh: 4 ngi, din tch phn xng l: 50
(m
2
).
Kch thc (DRC) (m) : 9 6 4

6.4.2. i nc v b cha nc d tr
- Chn i nc

+ cao chn thp : 13 (m)
+ ng knh thp : 8 (m)
+ Chiu cao thp : 8 (m)
Vy kch thc i nc: 8 8 (m)
- B cha nc d tr chn kch thc
Chn b ngm c kch thc (m): 12 8 8
6.4.3. Trm bin p v my pht in d phng
Dng t my bin p v my pht in d phng
Chn trm bin p kch thc (DRC): 4 4 4 (m)
Chn nh my pht in d phng (DRC): 8 6 4 (m)
6.4.4. Khu x l nc thi
Chn khu vc x l nc thi c kch thc (DR) (m): 25 10
6.4.5. Khu x l nc
Chn khu x l nc c kch thc (DRC) (m): 10 10 5
6.4.6. Nh xe in ng
Chn nh c kch thc (DRC) (m): 9 6 4
6.4.7. Kho cha nhin liu
Chn nh c kch thc (DRC) (m): 5 5 5
6.5. Din tch khu t xy dng
6.5.1 Din tch khu t xy dng
Bng 6.6 Bng tng kt cc cng trnh xy dng

STT

Tn cng trnh
S lng
(ci)
Kch thc
(m)
Din tch
(m
2
)
1 Phn xng sn xut chnh 1 63 24 10,2 1512
2 Kho cha nguyn liu 1 12 10 6 120
3 Kho thnh phm 1 24 13 6 312
5 Nh hnh chnh, hi trng 1
20 10 4,8
20 10 4,8
400
6 t 1 18 7 5 126
7 Nh xe 2 7 x 5 x 3 70
8 Nh n 1 20 8 6 160
9 Nh sinh hot v sinh 1 7 3 3 21
10 Nh bo v 2 3 3 3 18
11 Xng c kh 1 9 6 4 54
14 B cha nc d tr 1 12 8 8 96
15 Trm bin p 1 4 4 4 16
16
Nh my pht in d
phng
1 8 6 4 48
17 Khu x l nc thi 1 25 10 250
18 Khu x l nc 1 10 10 5 100
21 Nh cha nhin liu 1 5 5 5 25
22 Khu t m rng 1 63 12 756
Tng 4084

Tng din tch xy dng: F
xd
= 4084 (m
2)
Vy din tch khu t xy dng:

xd
xd
kd
K
F
F = (m
2
)
Trong :
K
xd
: h s xy dng (35 55%). Chn K
xd
= 40%
= =
4 , 0
4084
kd
F
10210(m
2
)
Chn kch thc khu t (D R): 140 73 =10220 (m
2
)
6.5.2 Tnh h s s dng

% 100 =
kd
sd
sd
F
F
K

Vi F
sd
: Din tch s dng khu t: F
sd
= F
cx
+ F
gt
+ F
xd
(m
2
)
- F
cx
: Din tch trng cy xanh
F
cx
= (20 30%) x F
xd
, chn F
cxtc
= 25% x F
xd

F
cx
= 0,25 x 4084 = 1021 (m
2
)
- F
gt
: Din tch ng giao thng

F
gt
= 0,5 F
xd
= 0,5 4084 = 2042 (m
2
)
Ta c: F
sd
= F
cx
+ F
gt
+ F
xd
= 1021 + 2042 + 4084 = 7147 (m
2
)
% 100
10210
7147
=
sd
K = 70%
CHNG 6 HIT K MT BNG
6.1. Mt s yu cu chung khi b tr mt bng phn xng
6.2. Thit k mt bng phn xng
6.2.1. Bn thit k mt bng phn xng chnh
6.2.2. Bn thit k mt bng phn xng ph
6.2.3. Bn thit k mt bng tng th nh my
CHNG - KT LUN
CHNG 9 - TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/373449876/Servo_motor_control_Wire_cut_cookie.html
[2]. http://kiencuong.com/1239/day-chuyen-phu-so-co-la-3
[3]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjoalBt9DCA
[4]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CD3Q1pUhk4&NR=1
[5].http://www.dongnai.gov.vn/doanh-
ghiep/cackhu_congnghiep/kcn_nhon_trach3/trang_dan/view
[6]. http://www.nhadatsg.com.vn/Du-An/48/Khu-Cong-nghiep-My-Phuoc/
[7]. http://kiencuong.com/san-pham/day-chuyen-san-xuat/day-chuyen-san-xuat-banh/page/2