URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN VIET NAM CHALLENGES AND ADAPTATION PROGRAM TO CLIMATE CHANGE

2011. 10. 18

Dr. Arch. o Tu Lan-Deputy Director of Urban Development Agency Ministry of Construction Dr. Arch. Tran Thi Lan Anh Urban Development Agency Ministry of construction

Climate Change Impacts in Vietnam

Vietnam is a country that would be seriously affected by climate change. Natural disasters like floods and droughts are increasing both in frequency and severity Coastal regions and especially in Mekong delta region suffer the most severe flooding 0.75 m: ~ 19.0% of Mekong Delta area are flooded; 1m: ~ 37.8% of Mekong Delta area are flooded.

South Asia Nc bin dng 1m Viet Nam

1m

2m

3m 4m 5m

INTRODUCTION
Provinces: 63 (6 urbanization areas) Total: 755 urban cities; 2 (special) and 10 (Class I); 12 (Class II); 47 (Class III); 52 (Class IV) & 632 (Class V); 10.000 rural residential areas; > 160 industrialized areas which are a basis for the ongoing development of infrastructure; 632 new urban projects (>20ha) with a total area of 101.886 ha Population: 85,7 mil; Urban areas: 38 mil (43,39%) and Municipal areas: 27,2 mil (31%). Total land area: 325.360 km2; Urban land: 31.061 km2, Municipal land 12.373 km2; Urban constructional land: 475.000 ha; GDP: Urban sector: ~ 70% GDP of VN Planning: 58/63 provinces/cities issued provincial spatial plans; 95 cities/towns, 589/647 towns/provinces, 161 industrial zones were developed spatial planning; 100% municipal areas in Hanoi, Haiphong, HCMC and 4047% of constructional land in other municipals has Detail planning 1/2000;

Gs. L Hng K

National Orientation for the Development of Vietnam Urban System to 2025 with a vision toward 2050
(Decision No.445/Q-TTg issued on 7thApril 2009 by the Prime Minister)

Economic Region

Urbanization region

Network

1st period 2015

2nd period 2025

3rd period

A Program on Development of National Urban System based on urban classification

Type Special
Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Total
a)

In 2010 2
10 12 47 50 634 755

Period 2011-2015 2
15 22 43 131 657 870

Period 2016-2020 2
19 37 58 204 620 940

b)

Period 2011-2015: Investing and Constructing; improving the quality of urban areas; upgrading 05 cities from Class II to Class I, 15 cities from Class III to Class II, 11 Urban areas in Class IV to Class III, 92 Urban areas in Class V to Class IV and developing 132 new urban areas of Class V. Period 2016-2020: Investing and Constructing; improving the quality of urban areas; evaluating and upgrading: 04 cities from Class II to Class I, 19 cities from Class III to Class II, 28 Urban areas from Class IV to Class III, 92 Urban areas from Class V to Class IV and developing 132 new urban areas of Class V.

CHALLENGES
Rapid Urbanization in large scale and with a lack of tight control

Mng H ci Hi Long Phn Smg Sn Ca Thin L Cm Phong Nha

Nng Qung Ngi Dung Qut

Quy Nhn Vn Phong Nha Trang

Phan Rang Vng Tu Rch Gi

CHALLENGES
Missing or inaccurate information on CC impact/ risk assessment in legal documentation systems, mechanisms, policies and standards
1. Regional plan

2. Master plan

3. Zoning plan 4. Detail planning Urban designing 5. Rural residential planning Urban infrastructure development Projects

CHALLENGES
Lack of coordination, lack of information, lack of integrated multisector strategies and confusion during implementation

&E

Province plan (5 -10 year) (10-20- vision 50 year) Land use &detai l plans

International - International

International Domestic

Domestic - Domestic

CHALLENGES
Lack of planning solutions responding to climate change
Adjust the overall planning of urban systems to Vietnam in 2025 and 2050 with a vision to 2050 Coastal zone development planning Planning for 04 major economic zones Planning for 02 largescale urban zones Planning for economic zones in coastal areas Sector planning (land use, transportation, ports, IZs and EZs) Planning for nationallevel mega cities responding to CC.

CHALLENGES
Finance on Infrastructure
Statistics of WB shows: More than $600 million p.a. invested for water systems in urban areas Over US$1.0 billion p.a. required to cover basic services Need to improve procedures for identifying, designing, implementing and managing infrastructure investments Need more financial sources for infrastructure: loans, service fees, municipal bonds..

CHALLENGES
High risks for investment in urban tourism and urban services

Regions/Provinces
Hi Phng, Sn,Cm Ph, H Long, Mng Ci, Ca L, Sm Sn,Thanh Ho, Vinh, H Tnh

has unique and rich tourism potentials...

Cities
Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Can Tho, Da Lat, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh, Hoi An, Quy Nhon, Hue, Nha Trang;

ng Hi, Nng, Hi An, Tam K, Quy Nhn, Tuy Ho , Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, Phan Rang, Phan Thit, ng H, Hu , Qung Ngi Vng ng, Chn My, Dung Qut, Vn Phong

Other outstanding destinations for tourisms

Ha Long Bay, Vung Tau - Con Dao, Kontum, Mui NePhan Thiet; Phu Quoc; Tay Ninh, Tam Coc Bich Dong

Bc Liu, H Tin, Rch Gi, La Gi Vng Tu,

CHALLENGES - URBANIZATION
Changes in urban structure, function, landscapes and architecture
Urban form change

Central planning to a market economy Rural to urban base: Every year urban population increasing about 1 to 1.3 mil ppl >600 urban areas (1999) -755 urban areas (2010) 20 % (1999) to 31% (2010) Migration & Services

1974

1986

1998

Changes in Urban architecture and landscape Urban areas Rural areas

CHALLENGES - LACK OF CONTROL IN LAND USE & PROJECT DISTRIBUTION

The land areas issued for projects were too massive and exceeds 10 -20 years of intended planning. Many projects constructed along rivers and coasts affecting the flows, causing landslides and incurring high risks of the river estuary to be occluded.
Hin trng t xy Data th Existing dng In 1995 Areas (ha) Criteria (m2/person) 63.000 45 In 2005 325.195 145 In 2010 475.000 180

Isues

Projection 445 In 2015 335.000 95 In 2020 400.000 90 In 2025 450.000 85

Population (mil. ppl.)

26,

35

44

52

CHALLENGES - URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Heavy rains and flooding affect living environment and urban landscape

IN COASTAL URBAN AREAS

Based on: National Target Program on Responding to CC (Decision 158/QD-TTg; CC Scenarios issued by MONRE) National Orientation of the development of Vietnam Urban System to 2025 with a vision toward 2050; Ten-Year Strategy on Social and Economic Development of Vietnam (2011-2020) Strategy on Seas of Vietnam (Resolution 09-NQ/TW on 09/02/2008 of Fourth Conference of Central Committee Term 10th) There are currently 405 urban areas, increasing by 70 cities (in 2015) and by 130 (in 2025). In the Red River Delta, there are a increase of 15 new urban areas (in 2015), and 25 (in 2025). North Central Region and Central Coast will increase 40 new urban (in 2015), and 66 (in 2025). South East Region will increase 3 new ones (in 2015), and 15 (in 2025). In Mekong Delta, there are an increase of15 new urban areas (in 2015), and 30 (in 2025).

COASTAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

The project has been implementing in 34 provinces/cities under central management in the coastal and Mekong Delta areas, where are directly and indirectly affected by CC and SLR. There are 405 urban areas in total.

IDENTIFYCATION AND URBAN CLASIFICATION BASED ON its Resilience CAPACITY

6/10

8/12

29/47

18/50

344/632

The impact of climate change to the development of urban system in Vietnam

8 7 6
5

Impact on coastal urban landscap architecture and ecology

Impact on environment urban Impact on supply water supply and infrastructure

Impact on traffic system development

4 3 2 1

Impact on residential areas and urban poverty status

Impacts of land use structure

Impact on economic activities in coastal areas coastal urban Impact on central urban system

SYNTHETIZED IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARD IMPACT ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN 6 URBANIZATION AREAS, COASTAL ZONES, CITIES/PROVINCES AND ALL LEVELS OF CENTRAL URBAN SYSTEMS
Khu th ha

Khu vc ng ngp do ma

Khu vc ng ngp do thy triu

Ngun: Nghin cu ca JICA nm 1999

Guido Wyseure, KU Leuven UEPP Tailor-made Training29 June 2007

SYNTHETIZED RISKS OF SALT INTRUSION - The impact on urban water supply

D bo ca IPCC/ 2007

Red River Delta area is below the sea level. Increased about 70% of saltwater intrusion, directly impacts to residential areas, urban areas with 100-150km of Rivers estuary, 35-40km for Red River, 53km for Ninh C River, 35-52km for Thai Binh River, 25 - 65km for Tra Ly, 20-25km for Kinh Thay River, counting from the estuary toward inland 5/3/2010

SYNETHETIZED IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN COASTAL CENTRAL REGIONS Storm /flood / sea level rise/floods / tsunami /landslide in urban areas

REVIEW, PROPOSE ADUSTMENT ON REGIONAL PLANS, PROVINCIAL PLANS AND URBAN PLANING RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE
National orientation urban development to 2025 vision 2050 (Decision 445/QD-TTg on 07/04/2009) Regional Planning for Coastal North to 2025 and vision to2050 (Decision 865/QD- TTg dated 07/10/2008); Regional planning South Central Coast 2025
(Decision 1086/QD-TTg on 08/12/2008);

Regional planning Ho Chi Minh to 2025 and vision to 2050 (Decision 589/QD-TTg dated 05/20/2008); Regional planning and key economic central to 2025 and vision to 2050 (Decision 1085/QD-TTg
on 08/12/2009)

Mekong Delta regional planning to 2020 and vision to 2050 (Decision 1581/QD-TTg on 09/10/2009); - The regional planning along the coastal provinces

10/9/2010

Review , Propose on adjustment on urban planning and approved projects in urban areas
Central Urban system at National level:
Vn n

TP.HCM, Cn Th, Hi Phng, Nng

Central Urban system at province/region level: H Long, Hi Phng,

Thi Bnh, Nam nh, Thanh Ho, Vinh, H Tnh, ng Hi, ng H, Hu, Nng, Tam K, Qung Ngi, Quy Nhn, Tuy Ho, Nha Trang, Phan Thit, TP H Ch Minh, Vng Tu, Bc Liu, Rch Gi.

Specialized Central Urban Areas: - Sea Port (Hi Phng, Nng, Cam Ranh, Chn
My, Vng ng, Ci Ln - H Long);

- Tourisim
An, Vng Tu); Nng, Nha Trang); Nha Trang Vng Tu H tin

(H Long, Sm Sn, Ca L, Sn, Hi (Hu, Vinh, Quy Nhn,

- Educational center

- Economic logistic- commercial petro (Vng Tu, Dung Qut); - Mining Industry (H Long, Cm Ph......).

Considering MASTER PLAN FOR TP. HCM TIDES to ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Areas have over 1m height from the sea

a)

Planning for parks /agricultural lands where the land in a good condition QHC 1998

b) Planning for residential areas where is low potential for development The area is in a good geological condition

The consequences of incomplete analysis: a) Planning for parks and agricultural land located in areas which are in good condition b) Planning for residential areas located in poor land conditions and far away from the center

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and soil conditions / technical analysis of land conditions
An example on GIS
Development of residential housing and industrial zone with a lack of tight control - Lack of technical and social infrastructure
- Living environment is increasingly extremely degraded! Development of medium and large sized housing projects

Urbanization areas from 2000-2005 (

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and soil conditions / technical analysis of land conditions
Analyze the current status of land

Areas has 1m-height construction above the SL

The area has good soil conditions

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and soil conditions

Urbanized area near city centre

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and soil conditions / technical analysis of land conditions Analyze the current status of land / Urbanized area
URBANNIZATION AREA

The area flooded by rains

Source: JICA study in 1999

Analysis of the relationship between urbanization and soil conditions

The area flooded by high tides

2010- survey at 03 cities

Since 2009, the Department of Urban Development has carried out research project to develop coastal urban climate response to CC, submitting to the Government. In 2010, the Department works in cooperation with the People's Committee, wards, and residential clusters in 03 cities of Haiphong, Nha Trang, Ca Mau and the departments of construction, the departments of natural resources and environment of Khanh Hoa, Ca Mau and Hai Phong in order to evaluate the effects of climate change to urban development of the three provinces; and initially provide evaluations and recommendations to respond to CC in the three cities of Hai Phong, Nha Trang and Ca Mau.

c mAU city
Based on calculations, if sea level rises to 0.7 m, the area of Ca Mau will be flooded up to 28%.

At C Mau city C Mau Province Climate change and sea level rise with an increase in both frequency and intensity; increasing land area flooded, making it difficult for water drainage, increasing menace on the security of sea dykes, increasing coastal erosion, causing salt water intrusion, affecting residential population, infrastructure and buildings
Need more research on the frequency of these events : 10 years interval instead of 50 years as currently studied. This information will influence investment decisions of the government, enterprises and citizens

Location of Ca Mau province in the Mekong Delta

Survey in Nha trang city

In Nha Trang city- Khanh Hoa province Climate change also impacts directly and indirectly to the cultural activities, tourism, trade and services. In the field of tourism, sea level rise affects coastal beaches, many beautiful beaches can be lost, affecting the construction and exploitation. The eco-tourism and related infrastructure projects in low coastal areas could be flooded and forced to be moved; trading activities, some new urban area in the southern part of the city; obstructions to flow.

Survey in Hai phong city

In Hai Phong city- Northern Coastal Region Warning: In the northern coastal region and the Red River Delta, if sea level rise 1 m, a large area of Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Hung Yen and part of Ha Nam and Ninh Binh province where high ground water level is lower than the average sea level will be heavily flooded if the dike breaks. A survey in the city shows that there is an increase areas and population both in the municipals (eg: Hai An district) and sub-urban areas (such as Quang Vinh, Tien Lang district) affected by flooding, coastal erosion, invasive salinization and environmental degradation, etc. This affects investments for urban development and exploitation in the city. Hai Phong city

PROJECT ON VIETNAM URBAN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE

National orientation and Urban Development Program of Vietnam to 20252050

BASIS FOR IMPLE MENTA TION

12

National target programs to adapt to climate change (Decision No. 158/QD-TTg); Climate change scenarios of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Ten-year Strategy for Social- Economic Development (2011 -2020) / Vietnams Sea Development Strategy toward 2020

Project on Vietnam Urban development adapting to climate change, submitting to the Government in 2012

Intended Survey Program

Following the survey work in 2010, the Department of Urban Development continued to collect survey research from the Vietnam Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning; Projects to examine the effects of climate change and sea level rise on Vietnam urban areas of the Centers for Environmental protection and Planning for Sustainable Development- Vietnam Urban Planning and Development Association coordinated with the project component of environmental sustainability of the poor- Ministry of Construction (MOC SDU-DANIDA), the ODA projects, WB, ADB and other relevant studies undertaken to synthesize a comprehensive analysis;

Continue to surveying at these provices:

- Midland and northern mountainous region: select Lao Cai province (Lao Cai city); - Red Delta River region: select Quang Ninh province (Vn n); - Coastal Central region- Coastal Northern Central region: Survey in Thanh Hoa province (Sm Sn)/ Coastal Central Centre: Binh Dinh province (Quy Nhon City)/ Coastal Sourthern Region: Binh Thuan province (Phan Thiet city); - Highland region: select Lam Dong province (02 urban areas of Ninh Van and Nam Ban- Lam Ha district; Di Linh district- Lam Dong); - South East Region and HCMC: select Ba Rya Vung Tau (Vung Tau city); - Mekong Delta Region: select Kien Giang province (Ha Tien suburban).

The key actions

Measures
Existing CC impacts

Poor impact

intervention

Mitigation Climate change

Risk impact?

Damage?

vulnerability Adaptation Plan

Adaptation Programs /Policies

KEY ACTIONS
1. Develop tools for assessment:
- Database and mapping (GIS) to the scale of 1/2000 - Develop programs, set of indicators assessing CC impact levels, in accordance with areas which has specialized natural conditions in Vietnam, supporting policy making and identifying risk-reduced investment projects.

2. Develop tools for control:

- Improvement of legal documents, to enhance the effects, mechanisms and policies on construction management and urban development under the specific conditions of the area and the impact of urban;

3. Develop implementation supporting tools:

- Awareness raising, capacity and professional advice, management of urban development to limit climate change effects to urban development - Develop regulations on urban growth management adapting to CC risks due to natural hazards - The development of programs for urban development need urgent investment given the deep impacts of CC and sea level rise

Conclusion
In order to comprehensively implement a program responding to CC in coastal urban areas, it is necessary to involve the participation of coastal localities and scientists in ministries/departments; some immediate actions include: Enhance the collaboration and cooperation in implementing survey programs; sharing assessment results of local departments

Develop a library for storage and sharing information on status and measures of CC adaptation
Increase financial support for the development of mechanism and policies and technical standards that support the assessments and adjustments of CC adaptation measures in each period

THANK YOU