NHON BINH

Huynh Cao Van Michael DiGregorio

STUDY ON SOME REASONS FOR RISK INCREASING OF FLOOD IN NHON BINH, QUY NHON

Introduction
1. The 2 Nov flood and its damage
Storm track for Typhoon Mirinae, 30 Oct-2 Nov 2009. Each point in the track represents an update on the NASA website. Deputy Prime Minister Ngo Trung Hai issues disaster preparation instructions on 30 October. In Binh Dinh, schools are closed on 2 November and people are advised to prepare for the storm.

On the morning of 2 November 2009, tropical storm Mirinae, with wind speeds of 109 kph, makes landfall in Phu Yen province. It is the third tropical storm to hit Vietnam that year.
Between 2-3 November, 815 mm of rain falls in Van Canh, Binh Dinh. Meteorologists report that heavy rains were unexpected. NASA forecasts online had already predicted potential for heavy rain Phu Yen, the province hardest hit by Mirinae, reports that floods and strong wind has claimed at least 69 lives. In Binh Dinh, 13 people are reported dead and 3 reported missing. In Khanh Hoa, further to the south, 12 deaths are reported.

Description on the blood

Van Canh district, 30 km from Quy Nhon following Ha Thanh River

From 7 am to 5 pm on 2 Nov, the total rainfall in Van Canh is 227 mm, the same as the average rainfall for a month of 4 in the rain season.
mm

90 80 70 60 50 40 QuyNhon 30 20 10 0
time
7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 1 20 8 9 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 4 5 1 1 6 7 1 8 1 20 21 22 23 24 9

VanCanh

2. The Flood Begins, 2 November 2009

DIEU TRI LUAT LE NHON MY VAN HA PHU VINH

6:30 PM: Young woman calls her parents in Phu Hoa to report severe flooding in Phu Tai

PHU TAI

6-7 PM: Residents of Van Ha, Nhon My, Luat Le and Phu Vinh notice water in their yards and houses

It is in 2-3 hours from the first reports of flooding in Vn Canh to the appearance of water in Nhn Ph, most people do not prepare in time.

VAN CANH

4 PM: Van Canh town, 27 km from Dieu Tri, faces severe and unexpected flooding

There are 30 people we talked to in 21 locations within Nhon Phu, Nhon Binh, Dong Da and Dieu Tri (Tuy Phuoc).

3. From Severe Flood to Disaster

8 PM: Water in Van Ha, Nhon My, Luat Le and Phu Vinh up to waist. A man runs through Phu Vinh yelling l b.
CAY DUA
TAY DINH LUAT LE NHON MY NHON MY VAN HA TAY DINH

8 PM: Residents of Cay Dua, Tay Dinh, and Binh Thanh see water in their yards but regard this as a normal flood.

10 PM: people living near Bridge #7 & #8 report 1.5 m deep, rushing water.
BINH THANH BARRAGE #1

9 PM: Water breaks over the 2.5 m high dike at Van Ha

PHU VINH

8 PM: Flood water goes up quickly, some people have time only enough to grab the familys rice and run to neighbors house.

10 PM: people living near Barrage #1 begin to see water rising rapidly.

Until flood water spilled over the dike in Van Ha, this was a severe flood. After the water broke over the dike in Nhon Phu, the icy cold flood water rose rapidly, creating a disaster.

4. Flood phase 1 at 11 PM
11 PM: Flood water in Luat Le is 1.8 m deep.
LUAT LE

11 PM: The water is more than 1 m deep and the current is strong
DUONG TRAN BARRAGE # 1 PHU VINH

11 PM: Water in Phu Vinh is 2 m deep.

11 PM: People living near the East dike become aware of the severity of the flood.

This phase of blood is because of the water in Van Canh from 5 9 pm 80

90 70 60 50 40 QuyNhon 30 20 10 0
time
7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 1 20 21 22 23 24 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 4 5 1 1 6 7 1 8 1 20 21 22 23 24 9

mm

VanCanh

12 PM: Floodwater is still Rising

LAC TRUONG

12 PM: In Lac Truong floodwater spills over low spot in old section of 2.5m dike. In some places, floodwater is 20 cm over the dike; in others, it is 20 cm below. The fast moving water digs under the dike, which still has not been repaired.

BINH THANH

12 PM: In Cho Dinh the water is 1.4 meters deep. CHO DINH 12 PM: flood water in Phu Hoa is now 1.4 m deep, and rising.
PHU HOA

12 PM: In Binh Thanh, the water is 1.6 m deep.

5. Second Disaster at 1 AM

1 AM

11 PM

5. Second Disaster at 1 AM

Van Ha

Cau Song Ngang Phase 1 Phase 2

5. Second Disaster at 1 AM
CAY DUA

1 AM: Water spills over the top of the RR track in Nhon My. The force of the rushing water destroys an interviewed persons house.
NHON MY

1 AM: In Cay Dua, the water is now 1.7 m deep. Water is flowing 1 m over nearby Highway 19.
BRIDGE #7

1-2 AM: Families on the eastern side of Bridge #7 are struggling to react to rapidly rising, fast moving water. The rushing water creates a vc on the side of Highway 19.

CAU S. NGANG

1 AM: Water spills over the dike road at Cau S. Ngang.

This is the second break, and second wave of flooding. Residents describe the problem in terms of the suddenness of flooding, caused in part, by not having enough space for the water to go out.

6. Maximum Height at 4 AM
The severity of flooding in the southern part of Nhon Phu is caused by the Double Bridge, which is not wide enough to allow water to pass quickly enough. At the same time, this barrier reduces the impact of flooding in coastal areas.
HUNG THANH

PHU HOA

4 AM: In Phu Hoa, flood water peaks at 2.6 m

TAY SON RD

4 AM: Below Tay Son Rd, flood water is 1.6 m deep.

2-4 AM: The tide is going out. People living between the Eastern Dike and Thi Nai Lagoon report flooding 20 cm above b.

8. Normal Flood before 2000

Normal floods before reconstruction of Hwy 19
bridge spillway agricultural villages Hwy 19 spillway

agricultural villages
river dike river RR

fisheries villages
dike lagoon

Almost every longterm resident we talked to told us that flooding was less severe in the past because barriers to the flow of water across the lowlands were fewer. This allowed flood water to spread out evenly over a large area, quickly.

Adaptation to the Normal Flood

FORECASTING

ARCHITECTURE
Wood frame house Banana trees Height of foundation

23-10 m lch. Watching winds Bed, table, Paying attention to animals chair, attic Looking for rainbows

PREPARATION
Bamboo dike xong

Rice growing cycle Salt Market vegetables Fish and shrimp

AGRICULTURE

9. The New Normal now

Recent changes in hydrology
bridge bridge QTU spillway

Over the past decade, all major roads passing through Nhon Phu and Nhon Binh have been raised in height. Most important is Hwy 19 and Hung Vuong Street. New dike construction has raised the level at which normal and severe floods become disasters. New construction in flood ways has reduced the areas in which flood water can spread out and exit into the lagoon.

agricultural villages river dike river RR

fisheries agricultural villages XLNT CC KTDC KTDC villages Hwy lagoon dike N 19

10. The New Normal

bridge spillway bridge QTU

and the future

spillway

Normal floods after reconstruction of Hwy 19 and construction in Nhon Binh

The key to flood management in the Ha Thanh river delta is to: 1. Allow for regular, seasonal flooding of agricultural land.

agricultural villages river dike river RR

fisheries agricultural villages XLNT CC KTDC KTDC villages Hwy lagoon dike N 19

2. Remove barriers that prevent flood water from running into Thi Nai lagoon as quickly as possible.
3. Use dikes as protection against extreme floods.

11. Reasons for 2009 Flood (as people in the delta)

People everywhere in the delta expect at least 1 flood per year.

The number and depth of floods vary by area. Areas within floodways, flood more frequently, with higher water more common. Thus in some places, it floods 3-5 times per year; with water regularly 10-30 cm deep. In other areas, in particular those areas closer to the lagoon, it floods 1-3 times per year, with deep water less frequent.

Most people living in the delta perceive an increase in the number and severity of normal floods, and recognize the following causes: 1. Uncoordinated dike construction 2. Increased road height 3. New bridges not wide enough 4. New construction in floodways

NHON BINH

Huynh Cao Van Michael DiGregorio

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!