SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY BI 1- M U V CC QUY C C BN I. Gii thiu chung.

- SAP: (Structure Analysis programe) Phn mm phn tch, tnh ton v thit k Kt cu. ( Cui nm 1998 qua mng Internet phin bn SAP 2000 version 6.11 Nonlinear vo Vit Nam) + Ti liu tham kho: . Bi c Vinh - Phn tch v thit k Kt cu Bng phn mm SAP2000 (tp 1,2) . Nguyn c Trung - S dng SAP2000 phn tch kt cu v cu. - Nguyn l da trn phng php PTHH- m hnh chuyn v: + T phng trnh: [ K ] * [ u ] = [ F ] [ u ] = [ K ] -1* [ F ] [ K ] : Ma trn cng [ u ] : Ma trn chuyn v [ F ] : Ma trn lc nt - Kh nng ca phn mm SAP: + Phn tch cc bi ton tnh v ng + Phn tch bi ton vi ti trng xe c + a h trc to + Nhiu hnh thc rng buc lin kt + Nhiu loi ti trng v t hp ti trng - File d liu: + *. SBD: File chy + *. S2K: File d liu di dng text, c th s dng phn mm son tho vn bn sa cha. + *. OUT: File cha kt qu c xut ra. - Giao din: + Menu bar: File, Edit, View, Define + Trng thi: n v tnh, s lng c chn + Floating toolbar: Thanh cng c. II. Trnh t gii bi ton SAP 2000. B1. Chn n v (kN-m-C; kgf-cm-C; Ton-m-C) B2. M hnh ho kt cu- Xy dng m hnh hnh hc: - S hnh hc : Draw - Lin kt : Restrain, Spring, Release B3. Gn cc thng s: - Vt liu, tit din : Define/Material, Section - Ti trng : Assign/Load B4. Phn tch kt cu : Analysis B5. Thit kt kt cu : Design B6. Xem v biu din kt qu: Display, Print Trn bnh nh- HXD 1

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY III. Cc quy c c bn. 1. Cc loi phn t: ( Phn loi theo dng hnh hc) - 1D: Frame (thanh): Dn, ct, dm, dy cpl phn t c 1 kch thc ln hn nhiu 2 kch thc cn li. - 2D: Shell (tm, v): Sn, vch l phn t c 2 kch thc ln hn nhiu kch thc cn li. - 3D: Solid (khi) : i, nn t l phn t c 3 kch thc tong ng nhau. 1. n v: Unit system: n v chn cn ph hp, khi tnh ton chng trnh chuyn ton b v h n v chn ban u. 2. H to : (Coordinate System) - H trc to tng th: (Global Coordinat System) l h to Decac XYZ tun theo quy tc tam din thun, thng thng trc z hng ln trn. H to tng th l duy nht trong 1 bi ton. - H trc to a phng: (Local Coordinate System) l h to Decac 1() 2(trng) 3 (xanh), mc nh theo phng h to tng th XYZ tun theo quy tc tam din thun, dng gn ti trng nhit , kt qu xut ni lc. + Hin th h trc to a phng: View/ Set Element/ Local axes. + Phn t Frame: Trc 1 = trc phn t i-j Trc 2 = sao cho (1,2) // (OZ) Trc 3 = quy tc tam din thun. - To h trc to mi: + Options/ Set Coordinate system. 3. Bc t do: - Mt nt trong khng gian c 6 thnh phn chuyn v: 3 chuyn v tnh tin U1,U2,U3, 3 chuyn v xoay R1, R2, R3, cc chuyn v ny c gi l bc t do ca nt. - Bc t do c kho bng iu kin bin: Restrain + Assign/ Joint/ Restrains - i vi Kt cu: Analysis/ Set options/ Tch vo cc tng ng c thnh phn chuyn v b khng ch. Loi BT X-Y Y-Z X-Z Khung k. gian Dn k. gian Dn giao nhau Khung phng U1 U2 Thnh phn chuyn v U3 R1

R2

R3

4. M hnh ho Kt cu. - Bt u t u: + File/ New model/ Grid only - Khai bo h li . Cartersian: H to Decac: Number of grid (X,Y,Z): s ng li theo cc phng (X,Y,Z) Spacing: nhp li (u theo cc phng) . Cylindical: H to tr. + Hiu chnh h li: . Edit Grid Trn bnh nh- HXD 2

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY - H kt cu mu: File/ Newmodal/ Chn kt cu ph hp, ri hiu chnh cc kch thc.

Trn bnh nh- HXD

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY BI 2- CNG C XY DNG HNH HC- KHAI BO VT LIU- TIT DIN I.V i tng: DRAW 1. V im nt: Joint Draw/ Add special joint - v nt - ch vo v tr bt k - Xem thng tin nt - kch chut phi 2. V phn t thanh: Frame Element - Draw/ Draw frame element - Ch im u v im cui - Draw/ Quick Draw frame element ( V nhanh)- Ch vo gia hai ng li. 3. V phn t tm: Shell Element. - Draw/ Draw shell Element - V tm t gic qua 4 im - Draw/ Draw Rectangular Element - V tm hnh ch nht qua 2 nt 2 gc i din - Draw/ Quick Draw shell Element (V nhanh) - Ch vo gia li 4. Phm lnh: Ngt lnh : Enter, Chut phi Thot lnh : Esc F7 : Tt/ hin th ng li F4 : Ch hin th kt cu II. Chn, loi b i tng c chn - Chn i tng: + Select/ Select . Pointer/ Window : Chn bng ca s . Intersecting line : Chn bng ng ct . XY plane : Chn i tng trong mt phng bng cch ch 1 nt trong mt phng . . Group : Chn theo nhm . Frame/ shell Section : Chn .tng cng tit din . Previous selection : Chn .tng va chn trc . - Loi b i tng c chn: + Select/ Deselect - To nhm: + Chn i tng ca nhm- Assign/ Assign to Group. III. Bin i : EDIT (Chn i tng trc khi thc hin lnh) - Undo, Redo, Copy, Paste: - Edit/ Add to model from template: Thm mt k.cu t th vin mu vo k.cu ang xy dng. - Edit/ Move: Di chuyn i tng - Edit/ Replicate : Nhn bn i tng.( Copy mang theo thuc tnh) + Linear: T sinh tuyn tnh . Distance : Khong cch X, Y, Z . Number : S lng + Radial: T sinh quay quanh trc. . Rotation about : trc quay . Angle : gc quay . Number : s lng + Mirror: T sinh i xng, chn mt phng ly i xng - Edit/ Merge joint: Chp cc nt gn nhau - Edit/ Divide Frame: Chia phn t thanh Trn bnh nh- HXD 4

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY + Divide in to : s lng + Last/ first Ratio: T s on u/ on cui + Break at intersetions with: Chia ti ch giao nhau ca thanh. - Edit/ Joint Frame: Ni phn t cng phng v c chung nt. - Edit/ Mesh shell: Chia phn t tm + Mesh into a and b: li c axb phn t + Mesh using selected point on egde: Chia phn t shell bi cc nt c chn trn bin ca n. + Mesh at intersection with grid: Chia ti cc nt li. IV. Quan st Vt th: VIEW 1. Ca s lm vic: - Options/ Windows: Chn ca s v dng ca s lm vic. 2. Quan st vt th: - View/ Set 3D View: Quan st khng gian. + View direction angle : Chn gc quan st + Plane : Chn theo mt bng + Elevation : Theo mt ng + Aperture : m Fast View: Chn nhanh theo mc nh - View/ Set 2D View: Quan st trong mt phng. + Plane: Mt phng quan st (khai bo ta ca mt phng ) - View/ Pan, Zoom : Ko, phng to, thu nh hnh nh vt th. - View/ Show Grid (F7), Axes : Hin th ng li v h to . - View/ Refresh: Lm mi mn hnh - View/ Rubber bandzoom (F2) : Quan st cc b mt phn vt th. - View/ Restore full view (F3) : Quan st ton b vt th. 3. Biu din hin th thng tin i tng. - View/ Set Display options: + Joint, Frame, Shell : Chn yu t th hin ca i tng 4. Gn iu kin lin kt cho nt. - Chn nt- Assign/ Joint/ Restrain : Tch vo thnh phn chuyn v b ngn cn. - Gii phng ni lc hai u phn t: + Chn phn t- Assign/ Frame/ Release . Axes force : Lc dc . Shear force : Lc ct . Torsion : Mmen xon . Moment M2, M3 : Mmen un - Lin kt n hi: + Chn nt- Assign/ Spring . Translation 1, 2, 3 : Chuyn v tnh tin khi lc bng n v . Rotation 1, 2, 3 : Chuyn v xoay khi m bng n v . Addvance : Khai bo chi tit cng V.Khai bo vt liu: DEFINE/Material - Add New Material : Thm loi vt liu mi. - Modify : Sa loi vt liu + Material Name : Tn loi vt liu + Type of Material : Loi vt liu . Isotropic : Vt liu ng hng . Orthotropic : Vt liu d hng Trn bnh nh- HXD 5

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY + Analysis Property Data: c trng vt liu . Mass per unit Volume : Khi lng ring . Weight per unit Volume : Trng lng ring . Modulus of Elasticity: Mun n hi . Poissons Ratio : H s poatxng (n ngang) . Coeff of Thermal Expansion: H s gin n nhit . Shear Modulus : Mun chng ct VI.Khai bo tit din: DEFINE/Section 1-Tit din thanh: Define/Frame Section + Tit din t th vin thp tiu chun : Import - Chn tn file cha th vin. . AISC.pro : Tiu chun M . CISS.pro : Tiu chun Canada + Tit din hnh dng chun : Add- Chn dng tit din v nhp kch thc tit din. . Add New property : Thm cc c trng mi -> Section name : Tn tit din -> Section Properties : c trng > Cross section area : Din tch mt ct ngang > Torsional constant : Mmen qun tnh Ip > Moment of inertia about 2 axis : Mmen qun tnh I2 > Radius of Gyration about 2 axis : Bn knh qun tnh -> Property Modifiers : H s nhn vi cc c trng hnh hc ( Ly mc nh bng 1) -> Material : Vt liu -> Dimentions: Kch thc cn khai bo. Mt s tit din:

Trn bnh nh- HXD

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY

+ Tit din dng chung : Add General + Tit din mc nh : Add Auto Section + Tit din thay i : Add Nonpismatic . Section Name : Tn . Start Section : Tit din bt u ghi I . End Section : Tit din kt thc J . Length : Chiu di . Length Type : Dng chiu di -> Variable : Tng i -> Absolute : Tuyt i . EI Variation : Thay i cng chng un EI (Linear, Parabolic, Cubic) . Add, Modify, Insert : Thm, sa, chn mt on tit din. 2- Tit din tm: Define/ Shell section + Thm dng tit din : Add New Section + Sa, hin th cc c trng : Modify/ Show . Section Name : Tn tit din . Material : Vt liu -> Material Name : Tn vt liu -> Material Angle : Gc lm vic (Mc nh ly bng 0) . Area Type : Dng tm -> Shell : Phn t tng qut chu ko, nn, un Trn bnh nh- HXD 7

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY -> Membrance/Plane : Phn t ch chu ko, nn -> Plate : Phn t ch chu un . Thickness : Chiu dy tit din -> Membrance : Ch chu ko nn -> Bending : Chu un thun tu . Thick plate : Xt nh hng ca tm dy 3- Gn tit din cho phn t: Assign/Section + Frame : Assign/Frame Section- Chn tn tit din t + Shell : Assign/ Shell Section- Chn tn tit din t

Trn bnh nh- HXD

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY BI 3- KHAI BO TI TRNG I.Khai bo ti trng : 1- Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng.Define/Static load Cases (Bc 1) + Add New Load : Thm ti mi + Modify Load : Chnh sa + Delete : Xo ti c . Load Name : Tn ti trng . Type : Loi ti trng Dead : Tnh ti Live : Hot ti Quake : ng t Wind : Gi Snow : Tuyt Wave : Sng Temperature : Nhit . Self Weight Multiplier : H s tnh n ti trng bn thn. * Phi chn i tng trc khi khai bo ti trng tc dng ln i tng .Cc loi khai bo ti trng: 2- Ti trng nt + Ti tp trung : Select/ Assign/Joint Static Loads/ Forces . Load case name : Tn ti trng . Coordinate: Chn h trc ta (Global X,Y,Z, local 1, 2, 3) . Force Global X,Y,Z : Lc tp trung ti nt theo cc phng . Moment Global XX, YY, ZZ: Mmen tp trung xoay quanh trc Options: Cc s la chn cch khai bo: . Add, Replate, Delete : Thm, Thay th, Xo ti trng + Chuyn v cng bc: Select/ Assign/Joint Static Loads/ Displacement . Load case name : Tn trng hp ti trng . Coordinate: Chn h trc ta (Global, local) . Translation X, Y, Z : Chuyn v tnh tin theo 3 phng . Rotation X, Y, Z : Chuyn v xoay quanh 3 trc . Options: Cc la chn 3- Ti trng trn thanh + Ti trng tp trung: . Select/ Assign/ Frame Static loads/ Point -> Loadcase name: Tn trng hp ti trng -> Loadtype and direction: Loi ti trng v hng >Moment, Force >Direction: Hng -> Option: La chn cch khai bo: Add, Replace, Delete (Thm, thay th, xo ) -> Point Load: Lc tp trung > Distance : Khong cch (Hai kiu khai bo) (Relative distance : K.cch tng i theo t s Li/L (Absolute distance: K.cch tuyt i Li) > Load : Gi tr ti trng Trn bnh nh- HXD 9

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY

+ Ti trng phn b (u v phn b hnh thang): . Select/ Assign/ Frame Static loads/ Distribute Ti phn b hnh thang: -> Loadcase name: Tn trng hp ti trng -> Loadtype and direction: Loi ti trng v hng >Moment, Force >Direction: Hng -> Option: La chn cch khai bo: Add, Replace, Delete (Thm, thay th, xo ) -> Point Load: Lc tp trung ti cc v tr, sap s t ng ni li thnh ti phn b hnh thang. > Distance : Khong cch (Hai kiu khai bo) (Relative distance : K.cch tng i theo t s Li/L (Absolute distance: K.cch tuyt i Li) > Load : Gi tr ti trng

Ti phn b u: Uniform: Gi tr lc phn b u + Ti trng nhit : . Chn phn t- Assign/ Frame Static load/ Temperature -> Load case name : TH ti trng -> Type : Loi bin thin nhit > Temperature : Bin thin nhit bng nhau ti cc th (gin di v nhit) > Temperature Gradient 2-2, 3-3 : Do s chnh lch nhit gia cc th gy ra un trong mt phng (1,2) v (1,3). 4- Ti trng trn tm: - Chn phn t- Assign/ Shell static load/ Uniform - Ti trng dng p lc: nc, t.

Trn bnh nh- HXD

10

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY 5- T hp ti trng: * Phn bit hai trng hp: T hp theo kiu cng tc dng v t hp theo kiu cng max,min (bao ni lc) - Define/ Combination/ Add New Comb . Combination name : Tn t hp ti trng . Combination Type : Loi t hp ->Add : Cng tc dng ->Envelope : ng bao min, max . Case name : Tn trng hp ti trng . Case type : Loi ti trng . Scale factor : H s . Options: Add, Modify, Delete: Thm, sa, xo trng hp ti trng

Trn bnh nh- HXD

11

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY

BI 4- BI TON NG. PHN TCH KT CUHIN TH V XUT KT QU I. Bi ton Ti trng ng. 1. Tm tn s dao ng ring - Define/ Analysis case/ Modal/Modify + Number of mode : S dng dao ng + Type of Analysis : Kiu phn tch . Eigenvectors : Dng cho bi ton tm tn s dao ng ring . Ritz vectors : Dng cho bi ton phn tch p ng ca ti trng ng theo thi gian hoc phn tch ph ti trng. + Figen value Parameter . Frequency shift (Center) :0 . Cut off Frequency (Radius) : 0 Hai thng s cho bng 0 chng trnh t ng gii bi ton tm tr ring v vect ring. + Relative Tolerance : Sai s cho php trong qu trnh lp (10-5-10-7), nu sai s cng nh th thi gian tnh ton cng lu. + Include Residual Mass mode : Chn trong php tnh c k n khi lng d cho qu trnh phn tch. - Xem kt qu: + Display/ Show deformshape + Mode shape: . Mode number : Dng dao dng s my . Scale factor : H s biu din . Wire shaddow : Biu din bng ng bc 2 . Cubic shaddow : Biu din bng ng bc 3 + Xem dng dao ng: Start Amination - Xem kt qu dng text: + File/ Display output text files MODAL PERIODS AND FREQUENCIES (Bng kt qu tn s dao ng) Mode Period (time) Chu k Frequency (cyc/time) Tn s Frequency (Rad/ time) tn s gc (w) Tn s gc Eigenvalue (Rad/ time)2 tn s (w)2 Tn s m 2

I. Phn tch v hin th kt qu 1. Phn tch kt cu. - Khai bo khi lng tp trung: Chn nt Assign/ Joint/ Mass: khai bo nh ti tp trung ti nt. - t s mt ct xut kt qu cho phn t thanh. Chn thanhAssign/ Frame/ Output station/ min number station Useage: S tit din cho kt qu ni lc, ct thp - t cc thng s: - Chy: Analysis/ Run (F5) Run: Phn tch Trn bnh nh- HXD 12

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY Not Run: Khng phn tch. Bi ton khng cn tnh tn s dao ng, hoc ch phn tch mt s t hp ti trng th la chn ny gip gim thi gian tnh ton. 2. Chc nng hin th. a) Hin th s liu vo - Display/ Underform shape : Kt cu khng bin dng - Display/ Loads : Ti trng - Display/ Joint partern : - Display/ Input table : Bng thng s vo b) Hin th kt qu ra - Display/ Deformed shape : Biu bin dng . Case: Trng hp ti . Type-Shadow, cubic: dng ng biu din . Factor: h s biu din . Start animation: Hnh nh ng . Kch chut vo nt c th xem c 6 thnh phn chuyn v (U1,2,3, R1,2,3) - Display/ Element force/stress : Biu ni lc, ng sut . Case: Trng hp ti . Factor: h s biu din . Type: Dng ni lc + Axial force: Lc dc (P) + Shear 2-2, 3-3: Lc ct theo phng 2 v 3 (V2, V3) + Tortion: Momen xon (T) + Moment 2-2, 3-3: Momen un quanh trc 2-2, 3-3 (M2-2, M3-3) - Display/ Show table : Kt qu di dng bng . Defination: Thng s u vo . Result: Kt qu u ra, analysis load: Ti trng phn tch Text: tn phn t; Station: v tr mt ct; P, V, T, M: ni lc thanh; F, V, M: ni lc tm . File: Export to excel- Xut kt qu sang excel. 3. Nhp d liu- Xut kt qu. Import/ Export - Import: Nhp file d liu + *.S2K : file text + *.DXF : file d liu ca CAD . Line/ Frame (sap_frame: layer CAD) . 3D face/ shell: Draw/ surface/ 3D face . 2D solid/ solid : Draw/ surface/ 2D solid - File/ Import + Chn hng trc to + Chn lp

Trn bnh nh- HXD

13

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY BI 5- BI TON THIT K I. Bi ton Thit k. *) Khi phn tch bi ton thit k kt cu bao gi cng c 2 giai on: - Phn tch : Nhp s liu- Gii (RUN) - Thit k *) Phn tch th ging nhau nhng bc thit k s khc nhau do c s khc nhau gia cc tiu chun. II. Thit k kt cu BTCT - B1: Chn n v, xy dng m hnh kt cu - B2: Nhp s liu cho vic phn tch v thit k kt cu + Tit din ct, dm + T hp ti trng *) Khai bo vt liu: Material/ Design property: Conc compress strength: fc : cng chu nn ca b tng Bending Yield stress: fy : gii hn chy ca thp chu lc chnh Shear Yield stress: fys : gii hn chy ca thp chu lc ct (thp ai) *) Khai bo c trng hnh hc v tit din ca cu kin. . Trong SAP ch h tr thit k cho 3 loi tit din: hnh ch nht (Rectangular), T (Tee), trn (Circle). + Define/ Frame sections/ Add Rectangular (Tee/ Circle) (T: Dng cho dm; Circle: Dng cho ct) + Materials: Chn vt liu l Concrete. . Concrete/ Reinforciment khai bo cc thng s cho cu kin BTCT. + Element Class (Loi cu kin thit k) : Dm (Beam); Ct (Column) . Chn Beam : > Concrete cover to rebar center : Chiu dy lp bo v tnh t mt ngoi n tm ct thp. > Top: Chiu dy n mt trn tit din > Bottom: Chiu dy n mt di > Reinforcement overrides for Ductile Beams: on ct thp ni chng ln nhau (Left/Right: v tr on ni thp hai u tri phi I,J, tit din. Top, Bottom: on ni pha trn hay pha di phn t) . Chn Column: > Configuration of Reinforcement: S b tr ct thp . Rectangular : hnh ch nht . Circle : hnh trn > Rectangular Reinforcement: . Cover to rebar center: Chiu dy lp bo v tnh cho ton b chu vi tit din. . Number of bar in 2(3)-dir: S thanh thp theo trc 2, 3. . Area of bar: Din tch 1 thanh ct thp (bi ton kim tra) . Design area of steel: Bi ton tnh din tch ct thp (bi ton thit k) > Circular Reinforcement: . Number of Bars: s thanh thp theo chu vi tit din. - B3: Gii (RUN) - B4: Chn tiu chun thit k Trn bnh nh- HXD 14

SAP 2000- ELEMENTARY + Options/ Preferences/ Concrete design. - B5: Chn t hp ti trng thit k. + Design/ Select Design Combo - B6: Bt u thit k. + Design/ Start design/ Check of structure. - B7: *Chn li n v (Ton- cm) *Kt qu: . Dm c ch O/S : dm qu nh hoc qu ln. . Ct c ch O/S: ct qu nh- mt n nh -> Ta phi thit k li (Trng hp ta nh ngha nhiu mt ct) + Chn phn t mun thit k li (O/S) + Design/ Redefine element/ Design Data -> Vo change thay i mt ct. + Hin th gi tr ct thp: Design/ Display design info -> Design out results chn Design output> Longitudinal reinforcing. + Chn ton b kt cu (Ctr+A) : Design/ Update Analysis sections + RUN -> Thc hin li cc bc t u. III. Thit k kt cu thp. - B1: Chn n v, xy dng m hnh kt cu - B2: Nhp s liu cho vic phn tch v thit k kt cu + Tit din : Define/ Frame sections -> Auto. Qu trnh thit k SAP s a ra mt ct ph hp vi ni lc m phn t chu. (Trc ta nn import cc loi thp ra trc) + T hp ti trng - B3: Gii (RUN) - B4: Chn tiu chun thit k + Options/ Preferences/ Steel Design. - B5: Chn t hp ti trng thit k. + Design/ Select Design Combo - B6: Bt u thit k. + Design/ Start design/ Check of structure. - B7: Kt qu: + N/C trn phn t l phn t khng kh nng chu lc, khng tho mn mnh-> Gn li mt ct cho thanh. + Hin th mt ct thp c thit k: Design/ Display design info + Chn li tit din: Design/ Display design results -> Design input-> Design sections -> Design / Update analysis sections -> RUN -> Lm li cc bc thit k + Thay th mt ct Auto bng mt ct thit k: . Design / Replace Auto / Optimal sections

Trn bnh nh- HXD

15