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AI HC NNG

TRONG AI HC BCH KHOA


KHOA XY DUNG CU ONG
Gio n mn hc
Thit k
cu b tng ct thp
Bin son: GVC.ThS L Vn Lc
Nguyn Duy Tho
CHNG CHNG 1: 1:

NH NGH
NH NGH

A
A
V
V

C
C

C CNG TRNH NHN T


C CNG TRNH NHN T

O
O
TRN
TRN

NG
NG
(
(

NG T v
NG T v

NG S
NG S

T)
T)
1.KHI NIM V CU CNG V TM QUAN TRNG
CC CNG TRNH TRN NG
1.1. nh nghi:
+ Cu l cng trnh nhn to cho ng giao thng vt
qua cc chng ngi vt nh:
- Sng sui, khe ni, vc su.
- Vt qua ng ph, khu dn c... (cu cn, cu vt)
*Cng l g ?
THNG LU
CHNH DIN C NG TL 1/100
2
0
75/2 70 60 75/2 70 60
8.55
3
0
9
1 40 10
8.61
4010
155/2
HA LU
155/2
305/2 305/2
350
250
CT DOC C NG TA I KM0 + 33.62
CHIU DAI CNG Lc = 6 m
2
0
1
0
0
120 150 40 40 60
3
0
3
0
9
1
20 1
:
1
.
5
5
0
8.55
HA LU
50
25
1 %
8.61
1
:
1
.
5
50
2%
25
THNG LU
9.80
A DM M DAY 30CM
9.80
TL 1/100
10.47
8
0
100 40
3
0
2%
60 120 40
+ Cng l cng trnh nhn to t di nn ng, cho dng
nc khng ln chy qua, xe chy qua cng khng c cm
gic b thay i t ngt.
1.2. Tm quan trng ca cc cng trnh nhn to trn
ng:
+Giao thng l iu kin tt yu cho s trao i hng
ha, giao lu vn ha gia cc vng.
+Giao thng thun li l tin cho s pht trin
+m bo an ninh quc phng ton dn.
Cu Long bin di 2291m xy
dng nm 1902. Kinh ph 6.2
triu Franc. c bo ch
nc ngoi m t
Cu to p v trng l nh
mt con rng xanh bng bnh
trn mt nc
+m bo an ninh quc phng ton dn.
+c bit i vi a hnh nc ta vi mt mng li
sng ngi v knh mng dy c th vai tr ca cc
cng trnh cu cng trong mng li giao thng cng
c nng cao.
1.3. Cc mn hc c lin quan:
- Cc mn hc ch yu lin quan n mn hc thit k
cu:
+ C hc kt cu.
+ Sc bn vt liu.
+ Kt cu btng
+ Kt cu thp, g.
+ C hc t, nn mng.
+ a cht cng trnh.
+ Thy vn, thy lc.
+ Vt liu xy dng
+ Phng php tnh ton.
2.C
2.C

C B
C B

PH
PH

N V
N V

K
K

CH TH
CH TH

C C B
C C B

N
N
C
C

A CNG TRNH C
A CNG TRNH C

U
U
2.1. Kt cu nhp:
-Kt cu nhp bao gm :
+Dm cu, bn mt cu,
+lan can tay vn,
+L b hnh
-Kt cu nhp c nhim v:
+ Vt chng ngi vt.
+ K mt cu
2.2. Tr cu: ( gia)
2.3. M cu: ( pha hai b)
M cu cng c nhim v nh tr,
ngoi ra n cn c tc dng chn
t u cu, chu p lc ca t
v l v tr chuyn tip t nn ng vo cu.
2.4. M t hnh nn:
M t hnh nn c tc dng gia c,
chng xa l m.
2.5. Gi cu:
Gi cu c b tr trn nh m,
tr cu v thng t trn cc
tng bng BTCT.

2.6. Cc kch thc c bn:


+ Mc nc:
- MNCN
- MNTN
- MNTT
-MNTK
-MNTC
+Chiu di:
-Chiu di ton cu L: k/c tnh t hai ui m
-Nhp tnh khng l0: khong cch gia hai tr (hoc
gia m v tr) ti MNCN.
- Chiu di ton nhp: l (chiu di cu to dm)
- Khu cu L
0
= l
o
: l b rng mt thang gm cu
ti MNCN
A
MNTT : 115.0
7
:1
7
:1
7
:1
MNCN : 119.5
l2

l1

TY LE : 1/50
1,5%
Pha n xe cha y (B/2) Le bo ha nh (T)
BO TR CHUNG CA U
MO CA U
TRU CA U
KE T CA U NHP
MO A T HNH NO N
LAN CAN, TAY VN
H
1
H
h
1
123.08
TY LE : 1/50
Le bo ha nh (T)
1,5%
Pha n xe cha y (B/2)
l1
lo1 lo2 lo3 lo4 lo5
1/2 A - A 1/2 B - B
- L P MUI LUYE N DA Y TRUNG BNH 5CM
- L P PHO NG NC DAY 1CM
- L P BA O VE BA NG BTCT DAY TB 5CM
- L P BE TO NG ATPAN DAY 5CM
B
7
:1
7
:1
7
:1 7
: 1
MNTN : 114.0
l1 l1

CHIE U DA I TOA N CA U (L)
7
: 1
1:1,25
1:2
+ Chiu cao:
-Chiu cao gm cu H: l khong cch t y kt cu nhp
ti MNCN hay MNTT
-Chiu cao cu H1: l khong cch t mt ng xe chy
n MNTN.
-Chiu cao kin trc h1: l khong cch t mt ng xe
chy n y KCN.
+ Chiu rng:
Phi m bo rng xe c (lu lng xe), tu v ngi
i b i qua.
B: b rng phn xe chy
T: b rng phn ngi i
.3
3.PHN LOI & CC H THNG CU BTCT
3.1. Phn loi:
C nhiu cch phn loi ty theo nhng tiu chun v
cn c khc nhau. Sau y l mt s phn loi thng dng:
3.1.1. Da vo chng ngi vt m cu vt qua:
* Cu vt sui, sng,bin..
Cu vt qua khe, vc
su, thung lng..
Cu vt qua cng trnh, khu dn c, ng giao thng..
.3
3.1.2. Da vo mc ch s dng:
* Cu dnh cho ngi i b
Cu dnh cho
ng st
Cu dnh cho
ng t
Cu xuyn qua ni, qua bin..
Hm
.3
3.1.3. Da vo vt liu xy dng:
*Cu g, tre...
*Cu g ti c
.3
* Cu :
.3
Cu kim loi (gang,thp..):
.3
Cu b tng, b tng ct thp..
.3
3.1.4. Da vo s lm vic:
3.1.5. Da vo hnh dng MCN ca kt cu chu lc
chnh:
- Kt cu nhp bn
- Kt cu nhp c sn
- Kt cu nhp mt ct hnh hp
3.1.6. Da vo phng php thi cng:
- Cu lp ghp.
- Cu ti ch (ton khi).
- Cu bn lp ghp.
3.2. Cc h thng cu b tng ct thp:
3.2.1. Cu dm:
+Cu dm n gin
+Cu dm mt tha
+ Cu dm lin tc.
3.2.1.1 Cu dm n gin:
+ Biu m men ch c mt du (dng)
+ Chiu di nhp <= 40 m (c bit th <= 60-70m).
Ti cc gi ch tn ti phn lc thng ng.
l
+
M
+ Tit din mt ct ngang gm c cc dng sau:
*Dng Bn: Dng cho nhp ngn:
-Lnhp<= 9m: BTCT thng
2
5
2
5
8
1
5
TD Bn hnh ch nht (ton khi)
-l<= 18m: BTCT ng sut trc
-Lnhp<= 18m: BTCT ng sut trc
320
5
6
L I N1
L I N2
3
0
0
980
940
310 310
3
0
2
3
5
3
5
7
TD Bn
hnh ch
nht (lp
ghp)
Cu bn ST lp gp
(ng H Ch Minh)
* Dng Dm: Dng cho nhp di
. B tng ct thp thng:
ng t l = 10 -22m
ng st l = 8-16m
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
273
VAT 20 x 20
450
200 615 200 170
3
6
0
2
0
0
1
4
0
1
5
0
615
900
1800
900
. B tng ct thp ng sut trc:
ng t l = 15-40m
ng st l = 16-33m
Dm ch T cng sau
* u im cu dm n gin:
-Tnh ton thit k n gin,
-B tr ct thp d dng.
-S kt cu tnh nh khng nh hng
bi cc yu t ln p dng cho a cht v
mng bt k.
-Thi cng d tiu chun ho, c gii ha sn xut
d thi cng hn so vi cc loi cu khc,
d lp ghp v cu lp thun li.
*Nhc im cu dm n gin:
- Tn vt liu (so vi s khc) .
- Khng vt c nhp ln .
3.2.1.2.Cu dm mt tha:
* Cu mt tha mt nhp:
l1 l2 l1
* Cu mt tha c dm eo:
l1 l2 l1
leo
* u im cu dm mt tha:
Gi tr M ti gia nhp gim i do c m men gi
vt nhp ln hn so vi dm n gin.
Vi BTCT thng l
2
c th t n 50-60m
Vi BTCT ST l
2
c th t n 150m.
Trong cu mt tha c dm eo c th iu chnh
ni lc nh thay i v tr ca khp, hoc thay i
i trng mt tha.
Do biu lm vic chu lc hp l . Tr c mt
hng gi gia tr chu nn ng tm.
*Nhc im dm mt tha:
-Lc xung kch ln (xe chy khng m thun)
cu to khp rt phc tp.
- B tr ct thp, cu to vn khun kh khn.
3.2.1.3.Cu dm lin tc:
+ Dng c chiu cao dm khng thay i:
l1 l2 l1
h
=
c
o
n
s
t
h
l1 l2 l1
H
+ Dng c chiu cao dm thay i theo ng gp khc:
+ Dng c chiu cao dm thay i theo ng cong:
l1 l2 l1
H h
Cu sng
Gianh theo s
cu dm
lin tc nhiu
nhp bin
cong
* u im cu dm lin tc:
-Chi lc hp l hntit kim vt liu hn so
vi dm n gin.
-Kh nng vt nhp ca dm lin tc ln hn nhiu
so vi dm n gin.
. Vi BTCT thng l = 30-60m
. Vi BTCT ST l = 60-300m
-i vi cc gi di ng ch tn ti mt thnh phn
phn lc thng ng tr chu nn ng tm.
-ng n hi lin tc xe chy m thun.
- cng tt hn vng nh hn.
-Dng kin trc, m quan p ng dng ph
hp vi cc cng trnh cu nhp ln, cu trong th
* Nhc im Cu dm lin tc:
-S kt cu siu tnh, do rt nhy vi cc tc
ng ca nhng yu t sau:
. M tr b ln, nghin lch
. nh hng ca bin thin nhit , co ngt
v t bin ca b tng..
. Qu trnh cng ko ct thp ng sut trc.
-Biu m men c hai du, do phi b tr ct
thp v hai pha ca dm phc tp cho thi cng.
-Tn nhiu vn khun gin gio.
-Cng tc thi cng i hi trnh k thut cao
v my mc hin i.
3.2.1.4.Cu khung:
Cu khung thng c lm:
Cu vt qua bi cn, nt giao thng,
Cu to dng bt k cho ph hp yu cu kin trc.
leo
Cu khung (vt qua ng t )
Cu khung - Dm
Cu Waxian (China)
Lnhp = 420 m
* u im:
- Tr v kt cu nhp cng tham gia chu lc.
-M men ti cc v tr trong kt cu nhp nhn
chung l nh tit kim vt liu.
- Kh nng vt nhp kh ln L >= 40m
* Nhc im:
- Cu to thi cng phc tp.
- D pht sinh ng sut ph trong h siu tnh.
3.2.1.5.Cu vm:
+ Phn loi theo s :
. Vm 3 khp
. Vm 2 khp
. Vm khng khp
. Vm 1 nhp hoc vm nhiu nhp.
+ Phn loi theo cao mt ng xe chy:
. Cu vm c
ng xe chy di
Phng n 2
Cu CaiYuanba
(China)
Lnhp = 420 m
Phng n 1 (P/n chn)
Cu CaiYuanba (China)
Lnhp = 420 m
Cu Ponte da
Amizade
(Brazil)
Lnhp = 290 m
. Cu vm c ng xe chy trn
. Cu vm c ng xe chy gia (kt hp hai dng trn)
* u im:
- Hnh thc p to v m quan kin trc.
-Tn dng kh nng chu nn ca vt liu
(khi chn trc vm hp l)
- Vt nhp ln l = 90-100m. Hin nay t 500m.
-Tn dng c vt liu a phng
gi thnh xy lp r.
* Nhc im:
- C lc x ngang H ch ph hp vi a cht tt.
- Mi tn vng f ln chiu cao kin trc hkt ln.
-Thi cng phc tp, i hi chnh xc cao
- Kh tiu chun ho t dng.
3.2.1.6.H lin hp - h treo ( cu treo):
. Cu treo dng Parabol:
Cu Golden Gate (M)
Nhp chnh L = 1280m
. Cu treo dy vng ng quy dm cng (hnh qut)
30,0 30,0
. Cu treo dy vng
Rotterdam H Lan
-Nhp chnh b tr
hai mt phng dy
dng nhi qut
-Nhp bin ngn
hn b tr hai dy
neo
. Cu treo dy vng song song:
Cu Rama hai nhp dy vng
-Nhp chnh 300m b tr hai
mt phng dy dng nhi qut
-Nhp bin ngn hn b tr mt
mt phng dy song song
160mConcrete
Tower
300mMainSpan
CompositeGirder
Back
Spans
Anchor
Span
PostTensionedConcreteBoxGirder
StayCables(2
planes)
StayCables(1
plane)
c im lm vic ca cu treo-cu dy:
Cc dng cu treo thc cht l h lin hp trong
+Cc dy vng chu ko
+Dm cng chu un v nn
- Kh nng vt nhp rt ln:
K lc v vt nhp ca cu dy vng c thng k
. Cu ST Nazaire - 1975 (Php) l = 404m
. Cu Skarnsundet - 1991 (Nauy) l = 502m
. Cu Thng Hi - 1993 (Trung Quc) l = 602m
. Cu Normandie - 1995 (Php) l = 856 m
. Cu Tatara - 1999 (Nht) l = 890m
. Cu treo qua vnh Messina (Italia) l = 3300m
* u im:
- Kh nng vt nhp rt ln.
- Kt cu thanh mnh, to m quan kin trc rt p
-S dng vt liu chu ko c cng rt cao,
v chu lc rt ln tit kim vt liu xy dng cu
-Trong qu trnh thi cng t nh hng n iu kin
thng thng di cu.
-S dng phng php lp ghp rt thun li
* Nhc im:
-n nh theo phng ngang cu km, rt nhy cm
vi cc tc tc ng ca gi bo v cc lc tc dng
c tnh cht chu k.
-H thng dy cp d chu nh hng ca mi trng
nc mn, m ln, c nng ha cht cao
S c sp Cu Tacoma
- M - Nm 1940
To ng lc nghin
cu & pht trin kt
cu cu dy
Cu Gard bng Avion (France)
c xy dng nm 13 TCN
Cu An T bng (China) c
xy dng nm 605
4.S LC LCH S PHT TRIN CNG TRNH CU
4.1.Lch s pht trin cng trnh cu:
Lch s pht trin ca n lun gn lin vi s pht trin
ca x hi con ngi.
+ Cu g, c xy dng t th k 18 tr v trc nhn
chung th loi cu ny vt nhp nh v chu ti trng nh.
+ n cui th k 18
xut hin cu
kim loi.
Cu vm kim loi (gang) Anh u tin
t nm 1776-1779
+ Khi c vt liu thp
c ch to xut hin
cu gin thp
. Cu Firth of Forth o Scotland xy dung nm
1890 nhjp 521m,
Cu BTCT u tin
do Monier (France)
thit k (1875-1877)
Cu vm bn Lnhp =16m
rng 4m, dng cho ngi i
b
-Vo nhng nm 50 ca th k 19 ra i vt liu BTCT
do Monier tm ra. Nm 1875 Monier lm cu BTCT u tin
l cu vm di 16m rng 4m dnh cho ngi i b
Na sau th k 19 l giai an pht trin nhanh nht cc
Khoa hc k thut: L thuyt CHKC, SBVL thc y
ngnh cu pht trin.
-Khong vo nm 1860 pht minh ra mng ging chm
gii quyt vn xy dng tr vng nc su
Tm li trong th k 19 c nhng tin b r rt
v l lun, cu to v vt liu cng nh phng
php xy dng cu. To iu kin cho s pht trin
vt bc v k thut lm cu
th k 20.
C u Golden Gate duo c xy du ng nm 1937 bc qua vjnh
San Francisco , bang California Hoa Ky
C u AKASHI-KAKYO (NH T BAN) co nhjp chinh L1991m
Ky lu c lon nht th gioi hin nay, duoc hoa n tha nh nm 1998
*D n Cu Gibraltar
*D n Cu Gibraltar
*D n Cu Gibraltar
L
L

ch s
ch s

ph
ph

t tri
t tri

n c
n c

u
u

Vi
Vi

t Nam
t Nam
-Thi phong kin: Cu g, , gch... Dng dm n gin,
vm bn nguyt bt qua sng sui nh.
Cha Cu Hi An xy dng vo th k 17, tr bng v mt cu bng g
-Thi Php thuc (khng chin chng Php). Hnh thnh h
thng ng b, ung st trong c nc:
Cu dm thp, gin thp nh cu Long Bin nhp 130m
Cu Hm Rng nhp 160m.
Cu Long bin (H Ni) lm bng thp c xy dng vo nm 1902
- Thi k nm 1945 n nay:
Cu Thng Long nhp lin tc 112m c 2 tng hon thnh 1986
Mt s hnh nh trong qu trnh thi cng Cu Sng Hn- Nng
Cu treo dy vng M Thun thng xe 21-5-2000 c cc
thng s k thut v quy m nh sau:
. Tng chiu di 1535m, rng 24m.
(nhp chnh 150 + 350 + 150 m)
. Chiu cao thp tr 120m.
. Tng s dy cp treo 128.
. Chiu di cp 600m;
. Tng trng lng cp 750 tn (treo)
. cao thng thuyn 37,5m.
. Tng chi ph u t 90 triu USD c
Thi cng Thp
Cu M Thun
Khi cng Cu Cn th nhp chnh L= 500m u nm 2004
Cu Bi Chy Cu Qung Ninh. Cu mt mt phng dy
S nhp 215.5+435+215.5
Cu Bi Chy Cu CDV mt mt phng dy ln nht th gii
hon thnh nm 2006
Cu Bi Chy trong
qu trnh thi cng
Cu Bi Chy trong
Ngy thng xe u tin
vt sng Lc Ngn
Cu Bi Chy Kt cu siu
mnh, ph hp vi cnh quan,
to im nhn v kin trc cho
khu du lch Tun Chu
Qung Ninh
Cu Thun Phc nng
Cu dy vng hin i u tin ca Vit nam
S nhp chnh 124.36 + 405 + 124.36m
THAM GIA T V THAM GIA T V N N
CNG NGH CNG NGH THI CNG THI CNG
C C U THU U THU N PH N PH C C
T.P. T.P. N N NG. NG.

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