Chng 9 Tnh ton

M & tr cu

9.1. TNH TON TR CU I. Cc loi ti trng tc dng: + Tnh ti: . Trng lng bn thn m tr . Trng lng KCN. . Trng lng t p (nu c) . p lc y ngang ca t, . Lc y ni ca nc + Hot ti: . Trng lng xe, ngi i b . p lc ngang ca t do hot ti ng trn lng th trt. . Lc ly tm (i vi cu cong).

+ Cc ti trng ph: -Theo phng dc cu: *Lc hm xe *Lc gi dc cu *Lc va tu b *Lc ma st gi cu *p lc thy tnh. -Theo phng ngang cu: *Lc gi ngang cu *Lc lc ngang *Lc va tu b *p lc thy ng. Ngoi ra, cn c cc tc dng c bit khc nh lc ng t, lc do qa trnh thi cng gy ra.

II. Tnh ton ni lc tr cu: 1. Phn lc tnh ti ca KCN:

l1

l2
ah Rtr

a. Nhp tri: - Phn lc do trng lng dm, ng ngi i, lan can, cc lp mt cu:

R = ( g 1 + g 2 ) * wt
tc n tt n

R = ( n1 . g 1 + n 2 . g 2 ) * wt

M men dc cu i vi trng tm ca mt ct :

M = R * e1
tc d tt d tc

Trong : e1: k/c t gi cu n trng tm mt ct tnh ton

M = R * e1
tt

b. Nhp phi: tnh tng t. M men dc cu do tnh ti KCN k ln tr cu :

M = R * e1 R * e2
tc d tt d tc 1 tc 2

M = R * e1 R * e2
tt 1 tt 2

2. Trng lng bn thn tr: Trng lng bn thn tr tnh t mt ct ang xt tr ln - Trng lng tiu chun: Rtc = .V - Trng lng tnh ton: Rtt = nt.Rtc

3. Phn lc do hot ti t trn kt cu nhp: a. Khi hot ti ng trn hai nhp tt c cc ln xe: C th xc nh bng hai cch: . Xp xe trc tip ln ng nh hng. . Dng ti trng tng ng.

l1
Pi 1 yi

l2

tc R0 = m * * Pi . yi = m * * K td *

R = 1.4 R : THC
tt 0 tt 0 tt 0 tc 0

R = 1.12 R : THP
tc 0

R = 0.98 R : THDB
tc 0

Vi Kt tra ng vi = L1+ L2 M men dc cu:

tc M 0 = m * * K td .(1.e1 2 .e2 )

M = 1.4 M : THC
tt 0 tt 0 tc 0

M = 1.12 M : THP
tc 0 tt tc M 0 = 0.98M 0 : THDB

b. Hot ti ng trn mt nhp (ln) tt c cc ln xe:

tc R0 = m * * Pi * y i

R = m * * K td *
tc 0 tt R0 = nh (1 + ) * * m * Pi * y i tt 0

l1
Pi yi 1

l2

R = nh (1 + ) * * m * K td * Vi Kt tra ng vi = L1
M men dc cu:

tc M 0 = m * * K td .1.e1

M = 1.4 M : THC
tt 0 tt 0 tt 0 tc 0

M = 1.12 M : THP
tc 0

M = 0.98M : THDB
tc 0

c. Hot ti ng trn hai nhp, xe chy lch tm: Trng hp ny t chy st mp va theo quy nh v s ln xe chy lch ly nh sau: +Bcu 10.5m : Xp 1 ln xe chy lch +Bcu > 10.5m : Xp 2 ln xe chy lch Ngoi vic xc nh M dc cu cn phi xc nh M ngang cu
tc tc M 0 ng = R0 * Z1

>=0.5

Z1

tc 0 ng

= 1.12M

tc 0 ng

: THP

tc tc M 0 ng = 0.98M 0 ng :THDB

Ch : Xp xe lch tm v pha h lu

H lu

Thng lu

4. Phn lc ca xe xch trn kt cu nhp: C th xc nh bng hai cch: . Xp xe trc tip ln ng nh hng. . Dng ti trng tng ng. p lc ca xe xch ln KCN: tc M men theo phng dc cu:
tc M d = K ( w1 .e1 w2 .e2 ) tt tc M d = 1.1M d

R = K * ( w1 + w2 )
tt tc

R = 1.1 * R

Trong : K: p lc trn 1m di ca xe xch

l1
w1 y1 w2 y2

l2

5. Phn lc do ngi i b trn kt cu nhp: a. Ngi i trn hai l c hai nhp: p lc xung m tr cu: M men theo phng dc
tc Rn = 2.d .qn ( w1 + w2 )

tc M d = 2.d .qn ( w1 * e1 w2 * e2 ) tt tc M d =1.4.M d :THC tt tc M d =1.12.M d :THP tt tc M d = 0.98.M d :THDB

R = 1.4 R :THC
tt n tc n tc = 1.12 Rn :THP tc = 0.98Rn :THDB

l1
qn w1 w2

l2

b. Ngi i trn hai l mt nhp (nhp ln hn): M men theo phng dc p lc xung m tr cu:

R = 2.d .qn .w1

tc n tt n

tc tc M n = Rn .e1 tt tc M n = 1.12M n :THP

R = 1.12 R :THP
tc n

R = 0.98R :THDB
tt n tc n

M = 0.98M :THDB
tt n tc n

c. Ngi i trn hai nhp xp lch tm: p lc xung m tr cu:

R = d .qn .( w1 + w2 )
tc n tt tc Rn = 1.12 Rn :THP

Zn

M men theo phng ngang tc tc M n = Rn * Z z

tt tc M n = 1.12M n :THP

6. Lc hm hoc lc khi ng ca on xe:

T = 0.3 * P * m * : khi 25m = 0.6 * P * m * : khi = 25 50m = 0.9 * P * m * : khi > 50m
Trong : P: trong lng xe nng nht trong on xe m: s ln xe =1 : gi c nh = 0.5 : gi trt, tip tuyn = 0.25: gi con ln

M men theo phng dc cu:

tc tt

= T *h
tc

M = 1.12 * M

7. Lc ly tm: i vi cu nm trn ng cong c R 600m, cn phi xt n lc ly tm: (c)

0.15 P l : khi R < 250m 15 P c= . 100 + R l 40 P : khi 250m R 600m l .R

(l1+l2)/2 h1

Lc ly tm tc dng ln tr cu:

R R R

tc LT tt LT tt LT

1 = (c1 .l1 + c 2 .l 2 ) 2 tc = 1.4 R LT : THC = 1.12 R : THP

tc LT

M men theo phng ngang cu:

M M M

tc LT tt LT tt LT

= R .h1
tt LT

= 1 .4 M

tc LT tc LT

: THC : THP

= 1.12 M

8. Lc lc ngang: +i on xe t lc lc ngang xem nh ti trng phn b u, nm ngang ti CXC v c ly nh sau: +i vi H30 : g = 0.4 (T/m) +i vi H13, H10 : g = 0.2 (T/m) Lc lc ngang tc dng ln tr cu: RLNtc = g.(L1 + L2)/2 +i vi xe xch, xe c bit: lc xem nh lc tp trung +i vi HK80 : RLNtc = 5 (T) +i vi xe xch: RLNtc = 4 (T) M men theo phng ngang cu:

M M

tc LN tt LN

= R .h
tt LN

= 1.12 M

tc LN

: THP

9. Ti trng gi theo phng ngang cu: Gi tc ng ln din tch chn gi Lc gi *Xc nh S chn gi: (l1+l2)/2 +Lan can: SLC=k.hLC(l1+l2)/2 +Dm ch: Sdm=hdm(l1+l2)/2 bt +Tr cu: Str=btr.htr

hd

hl

Lc gi tc dng ln tr: Rgitc = S.wgi M men do lc gi gy ra:

tc tt

= gio ( S LC + S dam + S tru )

tc

Ch : W gi = 50kg/m2: khi khng c xe W gi = 180kg/m2: khi c xe

M = 1.2 M : THP

ht=h3 h2 h1

10. Ti trng gi theo phng dc cu: Ti trng gi theo phng dc ch xt i vi cu gin rng. Lc gi tc dng ln gin theo phng dc cu ly nh sau: Rgintc = 0.6**Rntc Trong : Rtrtc : Lc gi theo phng ngang x theo mc 9. +Lc gi tc dng ln tr: Rtc = wgi.Strdccu Lc gi tng cng tc dng ln tr cu: Rtc = Rgintc + Rtrtc M men theo phng dc cu:

tc tt

= hgian .R

tc gian

+ htru .R

tc tru

M = 1.2M : THP
tc

11. Lc va chm tu b: - Ti trng ny t vo gia chiu rng hay di ca m tr cao MNTT tnh ton, ph thuc vo ti trng tan phn ca tu, xc nh nh sau:
Ti trng tnh ton (T) Ti trng ton phn ca tu(T) 12000 8000 4000 2000 500 250 100 Dc theo tim cu C thng thuyn 100 70 65 55 25 15 10 Khng thng thuyn 50 40 35 30 15 10 5 Ngang cu Thng lu 125 90 80 70 30 20 15 H lu( khng c nc) 100 70 65 55 25 15 10

Ch : vi m tr c b tr h thng chng va th khng xt ti trng ny

12. Lc ma st gi cu: - Khi KCN chuyn v di tc dng ca nhit , cng nh ca hot ti. Trong gi cu s xut hin lc ma st. l lc nm ngang, hng dc cu, truyn cho c hai gi di ng v c nh c tr s l: T = f*N Trong : N: phn lc gi do tnh v hot ti (khng xt 1+) f: h s ma st trong ca gi. Ch : - Lc ma st ch tnh khi m tr t trn nn v cc b phn ca m tr lin kt trc tip vi gi cu. - Lc ma st coi nh tc dng ti trung tm ca khp gi c nh cng nh nh ca khp gi di trong gi di ng - Lc ma st v lc hm khng c tnh ng thi vi nhau trong cng mt t hp khi tnh gi cu, thng dng tr s ln hn trong hai loi trn tnh ton.

13.p lc thy tnh: L lc y Acsimet. Lc ny c tnh ng vi hai trng hp MNCN & MNTN 14. Ti trng thi cng: +Trng lng vn khun +Thit b thi cng: cn trc lao dm.. +Cc ng lc iu chnh nhn to. +Ti trng ngi khi thi cng +p lc m, rung ca thit b thi cng

15. T hp ti trng: Trong tnh ton ta phi chn t hp ti trng trng thi bt li nht c kh nng xy ra i vi cng trnh. - Ngi ta phn ra lm 3 t hp: + T hp ti trng chnh: i vi b phn chu lc ch yu ca cu th THC bao gm: Trng lng bn thn Hot ti on xe, ngi Lc xung kch, lc ly tm, p lc t. (KC chu lc ngang l ch yu) + T hp ti trng ph: l t hp c xt thm: Lc hm xe, lc lc ngang, gi, Lc do thay i nhit , co ngt t bin. + T hp t bit: l t hp c xt n cc lc Lc ng t, lc va Lc do thi cng

*Mt s vn lu khi t hp ni lc: +Trong mt t hp khng ng thi xt hai loi ti trng sau y: -Lc ly tm khng xt vi lc lc ngang, ng t -Lc lc ngang khng xt vi lc hm, gi, ly tm, .t -Lc hm khng xt vi lc lc ngang, va, ma st, .t -Lc va khng xt vi lc hm, gi, ma st, ng t. +Cc t hp c tnh vi hai gi tr ni lc tiu chun v tnh ton. +Trong THP & THB th khng xt n ti trng xe xch v xe c bit

9.2. TNH TON M CU I. Cc loi ti trng tc dng: +Cc ti trng tc dng ln m: Tnh ti, hot ti thng ng, ngi i b trn cc ln cc l ca nhpxc nh nh tnh ton vi tr cu. +Cn phi xc nh thm p lc ngang do t p sau m & hot ti trn lng th trt. II. p lc ngang ca t p sau m:

h1 e0'

e0

E0'

E0

p lc t tc dng ln m cu:

1 1 2 ' 2 ' Eo = .H . .B ; Eo = .h1 . .B 2 2

Trong : : dung trng t p sau m. tc = 1.8(T/m3); tt = 1.2*1.8(T/m3) = tg2w = tg2(45o-/2) = tg2w = tg2(45o+/2) tc=35o; tt=30o: THC; tt =40o: THP B: b rng m

*Xc nh b rng tnh ton ca m cu: +M c nhiu hng cc (m chn d):

B'2 B1
Chiu rng tnh ton ca m:

B1 .h1 + B2 .h2 B= H

Trong : B2=2b : nu 2b < B2 B2=B2 : nu 2b B2

h2

h1

+M vi, m tng: Chiu rng tnh ton B ti mt ct 1-1:

B1 B2 B3
1 2 1

B1.h1 + B2 .h2 + B3 .h3 B= H

Bm

Chiu rng tnh ton B ti mt ct 2-2:

B1.h1 + B2 .h2 + Bm .hm B= Hm

hm

h3 h1 H h2 Hm

+M ct c hai mng ri nhau: Chiu rng B ti mt ct 1-1:

B1 B2 B'3
1 2

B1 .h1 + B2 .h2 + B3 .h3 B= H

Trong : B3=2bc : nu 2bc < B3 B3=B3 : nu 2bc B3

bc bm

bm

B'm

Chiu rng B ti mt ct 2-2:

B1.h1 + B2 .h2 + B3 .h3 + Bm .hm B= Hm

Trong : Bm=2bm : nu 2bm < Bm Bm=Bm : nu 2bm Bm

hm

h3 h2 H h1 Hm

III. p lc ngang do hot ti trn lng th trt: Tc dng ca hot ti c thay th bng lp t tng P P ng c chiu cao ho phn b a b b u trn din tch Sxb
h0

b = b1 + 2H = 0.2 + 2H S = c + 2d + b b = b1 + 2H Chiu cao lp t tng ng:

b' d b b S c d

ho =

n. P S .b.

*p lc ngang do hot ti ng trn lng th trt ph thuc vo cch xp ti trn lng th trt. Xc nh chiu di lng th trt tnh th Lo: Lo = H.tgw = H.tg(45o-/2) 1.Trng hp Lo b
h0

H
H

b a b

Lo

h0

L0 b

e0 eh

E0

Eh

1 2 Eo = .H ..B 2 Eh = .ho .H ..S

= tg (45 / 2)
2 o

L0 b
2.Trng hp
h0
Eh

H h

b Lo b+a

1 2 Eo = .H . '.B ; Eh = .ho .h. '.S 2 b tg h = ; ' = tg tg ( + ) 2.b.ho A tg = tg + (1 + tg )(1 ) ; A= 2 tg H

2

e0 eh

h0
E0

3.Trng hp Lo 2b+a Lc ny c th ly Lo = 2b+a (thin v an ton)

L0=a+2b
h0
E'h

1 2 Eo = .H . '.B 2 Eh = .ho .H . '.S

E'h

h0

E0

Ch : Cc tnh ton trn da vo gi thuyt mt trt l mt phng.

eh

Eh

b h = tg tg '= tg ( + ) a + 2b tg = H

IV. T hp ni lc trong m cu: 1.T hp 1A (THC): Tnh ti; hot ti trn KCN & lng th trt 2.T hp 1B (THC): Tnh ti; xe xch, XB trn KCN & lng th trt 3.T hp 2 (THP): Tnh ti; hot ti trn KCN & lng th trt, lc hm v pha sng. 4.T hp 3 (THP): Tnh ti; hot ti trn KCN, lc hm v pha b. 5.T hp 4 (THB): Xt trong giai on thi cng: Tnh ti nhng cha p t sau m. Ch : Ch xt t hp ph theo phng dc cu.

Sau khi tnh ton xc nh cc t hp ni lc tin hnh cc ni dung kim tra sau: +Kim tra cng tit din m tr cu +Kim tra cng tng +Kim tra n nh chng lt +Kim tra n nh chng trt +Kim tra chuym v ngang ca nh tr (>20m) +Kim tra ln ca mng m tr cu