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Chng II: Cng tc o c trn cng trng cu - 4 -

C
CCH
HHU
UUO
OON
NNG
GG I
III
II:
:: C
CC
N
NNG
GG T
TT
C
CC
O
OO
A
AAC
CC T
TTR
RR
N
NN C
CC
N
NNG
GG T
TTR
RR
O
OON
NNG
GG C
CC
U
UU

2.1 TM QUAN TRNG VA NI DUNG CNG TC O AC
-Cng tc o c phi i trc mt bc v n nh hng n:
Tin thi cng.
Cht lng cng trnh.
Tnh kinh t.
-Trc khi trin khai cng vic, cc bn lin quan phi bn giao cho n v thi cng cc
vn bn sau y:
Mt bng ni cu i qua c v tim cu.
S b tr v thuyt minh cc yu t ca ng sn o c.
Cc to v cao ca cc cc ng sn o c.
Cc yu t ng sn o c: im nh v tim cu v tuyn ng vo cu, mc
cao c hoc cc mc.
-Ni dung cng tc o c trong qu trnh thi cng:
o c a hnh b sung.
Xc nh chnh xc khong cch gia cc im chun trn tim cu.
o c nh v cng trnh:
nh v tim m tr cu, cao .
nh v cc cng trnh tm phc v thi cng.
o c chi tit trong qu trnh thi cng.
Thit lp cc cc v mc cao c vi s lng cn thit.

2.2 O V BNH KHU VUC
-Mc ch:
Xc nh li chnh xc khong cch v cao gia cc mc.
San mt bng.
B tr cng trng v cng trnh: nh , kho tng, xng sn xut, my mc thit b,
vt liu, ng vn chuyn,...
-Yu cu: Chnh xc, bnh trong phm vi cu cn o chnh xc hn, t m hn.
T l bnh cn o:
Chiu di
cu
T l S lng cc nh
v ca tim cu
S lng mc
cao c
<50m 1:1000
t nht 2 cc mi
u cng trnh
t nht l 1
50-100 1:1000
mi u cng
trnh c 1
100-200 1:2000
200-500 1:2000
>500 1:5000
mi u cng
trnh c 2
Cu c bit 1:10000

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Chng II: Cng tc o c trn cng trng cu - 5 -
-Ch :
Nu tim cu ct qua bi ni gia sng th b sung thm 1-2 cc nh v trn bi
gia.
Nu cu nm trn ng cong c nh v theo hng ca cung. Nu cu nm trn
1 phn ng cong th ngoi cung ra ta cn nh v b sung ng tip tuyn.
Cc cc ca ng sn o c phi ng lm sao cho gi c v hon ton c
nh trong sut thi gian thi cng cho n khi bn giao cng trnh.
Nu cu di khng qu 100m c th dng cc g lm cc tim cu; cu di qu
100m tim cu phi nh v bng im c nh, v tr cc im nh v phi gn vi l
trnh chung ca tuyn ng.

2.3 |NH V| TIM M TRU CU
2.3.1-i vi cu nh v cu trung bnh:
-Ni chung trong iu kin bnh thng, ta c th o trc tip:
nh v dc tim cu: dng my kinh v.
o khong cch: dng thc thp.
o cao : dng my thu bnh.
-Cch o nh sau:
Tim cu c
Tim cu mi
M
7
8
6
5
1 2 4 3
Tr Dng
sang
A B

Hnh 2.1: nh v tim m, tr cu

A, B, C, D l cc cc mc cho trc.
nh v 1 m hoc tr phi dng 8 cc (t cc 1 n cc 8), mi cc cch nhau
15-20m vi ch cc cc u phi c o dn t cng 1 mc.
-Nu c cu tm ngay ti v tr cu chnh hoc gn cu chnh th dng cu tm o c
v nh v cu chnh, y l bin php tt nht.
-Nu cu bc qua khe su, dc v hp, ta phi lm cu tm nh, chia thnh nhiu bc o
trc tip.
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Chng II: Cng tc o c trn cng trng cu - 6 -
1 m
A
A
A - A

Hnh 2.2: Cu tm o trc tip

2.3.2-i vi cu ln:
-Ni chung cu ln c sng rng, nc su, c thng thng nn khng lm cu tm, ta
phi dng li tam gic c xc nh khong cch gia cc mc nh v tim cu v cc
tr.
-i vi m tr nm trn bi, b c th p dng cch o v nh v nh mc 2.3.1.
-Khi dng mng li tam gic c cn phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
Tu theo iu kin a hnh, hnh thi mng li cn c nh sau:
i vi cc cu ln: dng mng li t gic c, khi c bi ni gia sng
dng mng li trung tm.
Tim cu
C tuyn
C tuyn
C tuyn
Tim cu
C tuyn
o
H thng trung tm

Hnh 2.3: Li t gic c v li trung tm

i vi cu trung: dng mng li ca 2 hoc 4 tam gic.
Tim cu
C tuyn C tuyn
Tim cu
C tuyn C tuyn

Hnh 2.3: Li 4 v 2 tam gic

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Chng II: Cng tc o c trn cng trng cu - 7 -
Gc ca cc hnh tam gic khng c nh hn 25
o
v khng ln hn 130
o
; cn
trong t gic c khng nh hn 20
o
.
Mng li chung phi bao gm t nht l 2 im cn c nh v tim cu. Ngoi ra
cn phi bao gm tt c cc im m t c th nh im tm cc tr bng cch
giao tuyn thng v c th tin hnh kim tra trong qu trnh thi cng. Trong trng
hp ny, giao nhau gia hng ngm v tim cu cng gn 90
o
cng tt; cn chiu
di tuyn ngm (t my ti tr) khng c ln hn:
1000m khi o bng my kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 1s.
300m khi o bng my kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 10s.
100m khi o bng my kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 30s.
S lng giao im bn sn khng c t di 2 im.
Trong hon cnh a hnh phc tp, nu di t khng nhn r c nhau th trn
tm ca im cn o phi xy dng chi dn mc c cao cn thit.
Khi chiu di cu nh hn 200m cho php o bng 1 c tuyn, cn nu di hn phi
o bng 2 c tuyn. Cc c tuyn phi c cm ch t phng c dc nh hn
1%.
-Vic nh v cc tim tr cu trn 1 ng thng cn tin hnh phng php giao im vi
gc vung t nht l t 2 im ca h thng tam gic c v lch ca tim tr cho php
ln nht l 15mm.
-Ngoi ra nu c th, v tr cc tim tr cn c nh v bng cc g 2 b, tnh lm sao
gi c chng trong sut thi gian thi cng tr cho n khi hon thnh phi c a ln
nh tr v nh du cho chc chn dng cho sau ny:

1
5
0
m
im ca mng
li tam gic
1
2
im ca mng li tam gic
Tr 3
Tr 2
Tr 1
T
i
m

c

u
1
2
3
1'
2'
3'

3
Cc lc dn

Hnh 2.5: nh v tim tr cu bng cc cc trn b

2.3.3- chnh xc khi o:
-Sai s cho php v khong cch gia cc tim tr nh sau:
i vi cu 100m, sai s l 1/5000.
i vi cu >100m , sai s l (cm):
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Chng II: Cng tc o c trn cng trng cu - 8 -

+ = n
k
l
n
5 . 0 (2.1)
Trong :
+l
n
: chiu di mi nhp (cm).
+n: s lng nhp trong on o.
+k: h s c ly nh sau:
o i vi cu dm c b gi cho php dch chuyn ln nht 5cm v cu vm
hoc khung ton khi: k=6000.
o Cc loi khc: k=10000.
-Lui tam gic c cho cu <200m c th dng 1 c tuyn, khi 200m cn phi c 1 c
tuyn ph kim tra. C tuyn phi o 2 ln vi chnh xc v khong cch v gc nh
sau:
Bng 2.2
Chiu di
cu
chnh
xc cn
thit khi o
chnh xc
cn thit khi
o gc (s)
khp cho
php trong cc
tam gic (s)
Cc dng c cn dng o v s
ln khi o gc
<200m 1/10000 20 35
-Thc thp hoc thc cun,
my kinh v 30 vi 2 ln quay
vng
200-500 1/30000 7 10
-Thc thp hoc thc cun c
khc ly, my kinh v 10 vi 3
ln quay vng
500-1000 1/50000 3 5
-Dy thp hoc dy hp kim
inva, my kinh v 1 vi 3 ln
quay vng
>1000m 1/80000 1.5 2
-Dy hp kim inva, my kinh v
1 vi 5 ln quay vng

-Sai s khi cao c cc mc t 2 u cu m bo chnh xc l:
L c 20 (2.2)
Trong :
+c: chnh xc cho php (mm) v c10mm.
+L: khong cch dn mc cao c tnh bng km.
-Cc mc cao c ph phi cao c 2 ln , sai s ln nht 15mm.

2.4 O AC CHI TIT TRONG QU TRNH THI CNG

-Phi theo di, o c t khu o mng, xy dng mng tr i gm nhiu vic nh: nh
v tim, cao , kch thc, nghing lch, ln mng m tr,... trong qu trnh thi cng cng
nh lm xong.
-Cc v d:

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Chng II: Cng tc o c trn cng trng cu - 9 -
Khi h ging chm:
1'
1"
1

Hnh 2.9: Kim tra tim khi h ging chm
Kim tra tim 1: dng im ph 1, 1 v im 1 d sai lch trong thi cng. Bc
ny l kim tra sai lch tim.
Kim tra kch thc mng: thc v my.
Kim tra cao 4 gc ca mng: dng my thu bnh v dy di.
Xy dng mng cc:
T sn o o c nh du tim v tr cc cc kt hp vi my.
Khi t cc vo v tr th kim tra tim, thng ng hay nghing lch: thng
dng 2 my kim tra theo 2 phng vung gc nhau.
Khi c cc nghing, kim tra nghing ca cc bng my, dy di v thc o
trc tip.
Lun kim tra s nghing lch trong khi ng cc.
Kim tra v tr cc trong h mng.
Khi lao dm: o kim tra s lch tim iu chnh hng lao, o c vng, cao
cc im k, con ln ng trt, ln,...
i vi kt cu lp ghp: trc khi lao lp cn o kim tra kch thc, nh du
tim. Khi lp xong phi kim tra li tim, cao , kch thc.
-Ch :
o cao dng my thu bnh l tt nht. Mun nh v c cao phi c 1 mc
cao . Tt nht l mc nh nc, nu khng c phi lm mc gi nh da theo cao
chun khi thit k.
Cc mc cn bo v chu o, c th phi gi cao vo 1 mc ph gn nht cho
tin kim tra, cc mc ph c gi gn khng thay i khi thi cng.
2.5 CNG TC T CHC THI CNG
-Cng trng nh thng cn b k thut m nhim ph trch cng tc o c nhng
cng cn c thm cng nhn c nghip v v cng tc o c v kt hp cn b k thut
va o va kim tra.
-Cng trng ln phi c i chuyn trch v o c, ph trch c th l k s hay trung
cp, i ny thuc Ban ch huy cng trng ph trch. i chia lm nhiu t ph trch
tng cng vic sau y:
T o v bnh , mt bng cng trnh.
T o c nh v v tim, cao , khong cch,...
T chuyn kim tra, theo di trong thi cng.
-Yu cu phi y h s o c, s tay o c, nht k o ghi chp hng ngy r rng
v vic g, ai o, loi my o, ngy gi c th.