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Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun

Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 10 -


C
CCH
HH

N
NNG
GG i
iii
iiI
II:
:: X
XX
y
yy d
dd
n
nng
gg m
mm
n
nng
gg n
nn
n
nng
gg t
ttr
rr
n
nn n
nn
n
nn t
tth
hhi
ii
n
nn n
nnh
hhi
ii
n
nn

-Ni dung bao gm cc vic chnh: o t, ht nc, gia c thnh h mng, xy dng vng
vy, btng mng.
-Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin, ta c th phn thnh 2 trng hp:
Xy dng mng nng khi khng c nc mt thng xy ra cc trng hp sau:
Mng t nng, t tt, khng c nc.
Mng t su, t xu, c th c nc ngm.
Xy dng mng nng khi c nc mt thng xy ra cc trng hp sau:
t y mng khng thm nc.
t y mng c thm nc.
Ch c .

3.1 xy dng mng nng trn cn
3.1.1-H mng o trn khng gia c thnh h mng:
a-Phm vi p dng:
-Xy dng nhng ni t tt, t dnh.
-y h mng trn mch nc ngm.
-c xy dng ni d thot nc.
-p dng cho mng nh.
b-u, nhc im:
-u im:
Phng php thi cng khng dng n thit b phc tp.
C th p dng phng php thi cng th cng.
-Nhc im:
Khi lng o p kh ln.
D nh hng n cc cng trnh ln cn.
c-Ni dung phng php:
-H mng o trn khng gia c chng , thnh h mng c th o thng ng gim
khi lng nu chiu su o tho mn iu kin sau:

q
tg k
c
h h

=
)
2
45 ( . .
2
max
(3.1)
Trong :
+q: ti trng phn b ng trn b h mng.
+, , c: dung trng, gc ni ma st, lc dnh ca t.
+k: h s an ton ly bng 1.25
-Trng hp mng tng i su, t km n nh nh t c dnh nh (t ct, pha ct,
si, t c m ln,...) th thnh h mng phi o c dc. dc ny ph thuc vo
su h, loi t, thi gian thi cng, ti trng,...
-Nu t c m bnh thng, thi gian thi cng ngn th dc ta luy c th tham kho
bng sau:
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 11 -
Bng 3.1
Tn loi t dc ta luy ng su o mng
<3m 3-6m
t p, t ct, t si 1:1.25 1:1.50
t pha ct 1:0.75 1:1.00
t pha st 1:0.67 1:0.75
t st 1:0.50 1:0.67
t hoang th (kh) 1:0.50 1:0.50
ri 1:0.10 1:0.25
cht 1:0.00 1:0.10

-i vi mng su phi lm nhiu cp khc phc t i qu xa tm vi ca my,
ngi. Chiu cao mi cp ph thuc vo bin php thi cng.
50 cm
1m
Rnh thot
nc
Mng su
h
H

Hnh 3.1: Thi cng mng cn v mng su
-Ch :
Cn c bin php thot nc mt khng cho nc chy vo h mng.
Kch thc h mng ph thuc kch thc mng v cc kch thc d tr. Kch thc
d tr ph thuc vo bin php thot nc h mng, cu to vn khun, phng php
btng,...Ni chung kch thc d tr ny 0.5m mi bn.
Ti trng tm thi phi a xa mp h mng 1 khong t nht l 1m.
Sau khi o h mng n su thit k th tin hnh xy dng mng ngay trnh
hin tng p lc ca t o pha trn y xung lm ph v kt cu t nhin ca
t.
Nu o mng bng my th ch o su xung cch su thit k 0.5m ri o tip
bng th cng.
3.1.2-H mng o trn c gia c thnh h mng:
a-Phm vi p dng:
-Khi khng iu kin lm h mng khng chng vch.
-Chiu rng h mng <4m (Nu qu ln lm cho thanh chng bt li).
-C th p dng cho y mng c nc ngm nhng khng cao.
b-u, nhc im:
-Khi lng o t t.
-t nh hng n cng trnh xung quanh.
-Tn vt liu gia c h mng.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 12 -
-Thi gian thi cng c th ko di hn.
c-Cu to gia c thnh h mng:
-Kiu chng vch h mng quy nh nh sau:
Bng 3.2
Loi t, trng thi
Kiu chng vch ng chiu su o mng
<3m 3-5m >5m
t c m t
nhin (tr t ri)
Vn p t ngang
cch qung 2 tm
Vn p t lin tc
(kht)
Chng theo thit k
t c m cao,
t ri
Vn p t ngang hoc t ng lin tc Chng theo thit k
Tt c cc loi t
khi c mch nc
ngm
ng vn c su vo y h mng t nht l
75cm.
Chng theo thit k

-Nn s dng loi kt cu chng vch ch to sn. Nu khng c loi ch to sn th c th
chng vch nh sau:
1
2
3 4 4 3
1
5
2

Hnh 3.2: Vn p t nm ngang v vn p t ng
1.Vn p 2.Cc 3.Vng chng ngang 4.Vu ta 5.Thanh sn
Dng vn g (1) dy t nht 5cm, rng t 20-25cm t p st vo vch h mng.
Dng cc (2) ng cch nhau 1.5-2m gi vn p khi t ngang; cn khi vn t
ng th mt ngoi cc tm vn phi ng thm cc thanh sn (5) lin kt chng
li v ta vo cc cc.
Dng cc thanh vng chng ngang (3) gi cc cc, khong cch gia chng theo
phng ng khng >1m. Ch cc vng chng phi t trn 1 mt phng ng.
-Trong trng hp vn t nm ngang, nu t c dnh kt tt cho php o n cao
thit k mi t vn ngang, cc, vng chng; cn khng t dn trong qu trnh o t.
-Trong trng hp vn t ng, nu t yu c th ng vn n su thit k sau mi
o t, o n u t thanh sn, vng chng n .
-Nhn xt: ta thy vn lt ch yu gi c t nhng nc vn thm qua c. Do vy
khc phc nhc im ny ta dng phng php vng vy cc vn.
3.1.3-H mng o trn dng vng vy cc vn:
a-Phm vi p dng:
-Chiu su h mng ln.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 13 -
-y h mng thp hn mc nc ngm.
-a cht khu vc mng yu, m t, d b st.
b-Cu to:
-i vi h mng nh c th khng dng thanh chng ngang.
-Nu chiu di cc vn < chiu su o mng th c th khc phc ng cc vn di o
trn pha trn.
-Cc loi cc vn:
Vng vy cc vn g dng khi h mng su 6m.
Vng vy cc vn thp dng khi h mng su >6m.
b.1-Vng vy cc vn g:
-G dng lm cc vn phi tt, khng b mc, khng c khuyt tt. Cc vn g s dng g
nhm II thuc loi cy l kim, cn thuc loi cy l bn th chiu di khng > 3m. Chiu di
c th ln n 8m v dng thch hp cho h mng su 4-5m.
-Cu to cc vn g nh sau:
1
B
B
1
B - B
a
a
1b : 3b
0,2b : 0,4b
l

=

4
/
3
a
2
/
3
a
2
a
A A
A - A
b

Hnh 3.3a: Cu to u v mi cc vn g


5
c
m

c = /3 v >5m
<c
3
3

Hnh 3.3b: Tit din ngang cc vn g
Tit din ngang cc vn tt nht l kiu hnh ch nht, cn kiu tam gic s dng khi
b dy cc vn khng >8cm.
Chiu di mi cc vn c quyt nh theo loi t m n cm vo, ly bng 1 ln
b dy cc vn i vi loi t nng, ly bng 3 ln i vi t nh.
trnh v u cc trong qu trnh ng, u trn ca cc vn phi c ct gt cho
vung gc vi ng tim ca cc v bc li bng ai thp hnh ch nht.
Mi cc to vt v pha cc ng v s kht mng khi ng. Nhng khi cn
thit trnh v mi cc c th gia c bng bn thp.

-Cu cc vng vy cc vn:
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 14 -
1
3
7
I II
I
7
6
1
2
3
4
1
2
7
8
9
II
A
A
A - A

Hnh 3.4: Cu to chi tit vng vy cc vn g
1.Cc vn g 2.ai p 3.Thanh chng xin 4. inh a 5.Bulng
6.G chn 7.Vng ngang 8.Vai 9.inh cht
3
1
2





Hnh 3.5: Cu to vng
vy khng c thanh chng
1.Cc nh v
2.ai dn hng
3.Cc vn g
Cc nh v thng dng g ng knh =16-26cm c 2 mng dng; g np
thng dng g na
2
22
2
18
2
1
= .
Trnh t thi cng: c th ghp 2 hay nhiu cc thnh 1 tm ng theo th t
sau:
ng cc nh v trc.
Ghp g np.
ng cc vn u sau ghp tt c cc cc cho khp mng ri ng hng
lot; nn ng gc ra.

b.2-Vng vy cc vn thp:
-Cc vn thp dng khi chiu su cm vo t >6m vi t nn l t si v st v chiu
su mc nc >2m.
-Trn mt bng, kch thc vng vy cc vn thp phi > kch thc ca mng t nht
30cm. i vi nhng b mng c xy dng trn cn th kch thc ca vng vy
phi ph hp vi vic b tr vn khun.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 17 -
-Khi ng cc xin th v tr cc vn thp phi c tnh ton sao cho mi cc vn phi
cch xa cc mng khng < 1m vi loi vng vy khng cn btng bt y v khng <
0.5m vi loi vng vy c bt y.
-nh vng vy phi cao hn mc nc ngm 0.3m v cao hn mc nc thi cng 0.7m
-Cu to vng vy:
Chn CVT
ng xi
nh vng vy


0
.
7
m CVT
Lp m ( dm + ct
th)
B tng bt y
MNTC
m
i
n

2
m
Ct chng
Cc tng vnh ai
1
2
3
4
5


X kp (x dn hng)
Cc nh v
m g
Tim cc vn thp




Hnh 3.6: Cu to vng
vy cc vn thp
1.Cc vn thp 2.X kp
(x dn hng, ai p)
3.Vng ngang (thanh
chng ngang) 4.Cc
chng 5.Chng cho
Vng vy c hnh trn, hnh ch nht. Hnh trn l n gin nht v n gim bt
ng k h ging chng , h ny c gi bng cc vnh ai trn m khng
cn thanh chng ngang.
Khi tng cng nhng vnh ai ngang theo chu vi h mng v cc thanh chng
ngang, dc hoc gc phi c tnh ton c th nhng ch khong cch gia
cc thanh chng phi xt n phng tin c gii s dng v phng php o
mng.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 18 -
l
1
/3 l
1
/3 l
1
/3
l
2
/
2
l
2
/
2
l
1
l
2
Thanh vnh ai
ngn
Thanh vnh ai
di
Thanh chng
A B
C D
p'
i
p
i
8
6
0
5
8
0
0
5

Vnh ai hnh ch nht Vnh ai hnh trn
Hnh 3.7: Hnh dng vng vy
Loi cc vn thp c tit din thng, hnh mng. Do c cng tt nn tit din
lng mng c s dng nhiu trong vng vy cc vn thp.
400
8
1
8
.
1
1
0
1
0
200
6
.
5
8
5
7
1
2
.
5
400
4
7
.
5
5
2
.
5
2
7 3
6
1
0
1
0
400
7
4
5
1
8
6
.
5
6
0
200 200
9
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
2
4
0
400
2
0
4
.
5
1
2
1
4
.8
2
1
1
5
1
9
6
420
x x
x x
3
2
0
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
9
200 200
B=
B=
B=
B=
B=
B=
t
d
t
t
t
d
d
t
t
d
t
d
t
d

Hnh 3.8: Tit din ngang cc vn thp

Cc nh v khng nm ng tm m nm bn ngoi.
Mi cc vn phi c ct vt 1:4. Nu trong t c ln tp cht nh , r cy,...
mi cc phi c ct vung gc vi trc.
Trnh t ng cc:
ng cc nh v, lin kt v h x kp, s ton b cc vn thp. n ch g
m th tho bulng tm ng cc.
chn khe h gia cc cc, ta thng trt t st nc khi r r t
ngoi vo.
Cc ngm cc vn u c bi m trc khi ng tho ln c d
dng.

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 19 -
-Bng c trng hnh hc mt s cc vn thp:
Bng 3-3
Kiu tit din
K
hiu
Kch thc tit din, mm Din
tch
cm
2

Trng
lng
1m
W
x-x

cm
3

I
x-x
cm
4
B H d t
Loi phng
Sp-1
Sp-2
400
200
130
71
-
-
10
8
82
39
64
30
73
28
332
80
Loi lng mng
Sp-1
Sp-2
400
400
75
125
10
10
10
10
64
74
50
58
114
260
730
2243
Loi ch U
Sp-3
Sp-4
400
400
240
320
10
14
9
12
78
119
61
93
630
1256
7600
20100
Loi Larsen
L-IV
L-V
400
420
204.5
196
14.8
21
12
15
94.3
127.6
74
100
2200
2962
39600
50943

3.1.4-Tnh ton gia c h mng v vng vy cc vn:
-Vng vy cc vn c tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn v cng v n nh.
3.1.4.1-Ti trng:
3.1.4.1.1-p lc ngang ca t:
q
E
h
Ec
E
b
p
h
pc p
b
h
H

Hnh 3.10: p lc ngang ca t v hot ti
-p lc ngang ch ng ca t:

=
=
c c c
c c c
H c H E
c H p


. . . 2 . . .
2
1
. . .
2
(3.2)
i vi t ri c=0, nn

=
=
c c
c c
H E
H p


. . .
2
1
. .
2

-p lc ngang b ng ca t:

+ =
+ =
b c b
b b b
h c h E
c h p


. . . 2 . . .
2
1
. . .
2
(3.3)
i vi t ri c=0, nn

=
=
c b
b b
h E
h p


. . .
2
1
. .
2

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 20 -
Trong :
+, , c: dung trng, gc ni ma st, lc dnh ca t.
o Nu t c nhiu lp m s khc nhau , , c ca tng lp 20% th c
th coi 1 lp t c ch tiu c l l:

=
i
i i
h
h .
,

=
i
i i
h
h .
,

=
i
i i
h
h c
c
.

o Nu ln hn 20% th ta quy i thnh cc lp t tng ng.
o Nu t nm trong nc th phi tnh vi y ni:

=
1
n o
dn
, hoc
n bh dn
= . Vi
o
: dung trng ca t c th ly 2.7t/m
3
,
bh
: dung
trng bo ho ca t,
n
: dung trng ca nc ly 1t/m
3

+
c
,
b
: h s p lc ch ng v b ng ca t,
)
2
45 (
2

=
o
c
tg , )
2
45 (
2

+ =
o
b
tg .

3.1.4.1.2-p lc ngang do hot ti ng trn lng th trt:
-Hot ti ng trn lng th trt c th l trng lng thit b thi cng, vt liu:

o
q
F
G
q + = (3.4)
Trong :
+G: trng lng ca thit b.
+F: din tch tip xc ca thit b tnh theo chu vi bao quanh.
+q
o
: trng lng vt liu hay thit b nh, c th ly bng 1t/m
2
.
-p lc ngang do hot ti gy ra:
c h
q p . = (3.5)
3.1.4.1.3-p lc thu tnh:
-Vn xc nh chiu su p lc thu tnh tu thuc vo t dnh hay khng dnh.
a/i vi t khng dnh:
h
n.H n.h
H

h
h

MNTC
Ni ngp nuc
H
h
h

MNN
n.h

Ni c nuc ngm

Hnh 3.11: p lc ngang thu tnh i vi t khng dnh
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 21 -
-Cn ch nhng ni c nc, khi tc nc chy v2m/s th phi xt n chiu cao
dng nc:
g
v
h
2
2
= , g l gia tc trng trng ly 9.81m/s
2
.
b/i vi t dnh:
-Trng hp khng c thanh chng:
MNTC
h

H
h
0
,
8
.
(
h
+
h

)

Hnh 3.12: p lc ngang thu tnh i vi t dnh khi khng c thanh chng
Chiu su tc dng ca p lc thu tnh ly n cch mt t t nhin bn ngoi vng
vy l ) ( 8 . 0
d
h h + .
-Trng hp c 1 tng thanh chng:
h
H
h

MNTC
h
/
2
Thanh chng

Hnh 3.13: p lc ngang thu tnh i vi t dnh khi c 1 tng thanh chng
Chiu su tc dng ca p lc thu tnh ly n cch y mng 0.5h
-Trng c nhiu tng thanh chng:
Thanh chng
0
,
5
m
MNTC
H
h

Hnh 3.14: p lc ngang thu tnh i vi t dnh khi c nhiu tng thanh chng
Chiu su tc dng ca p lc thu tnh ly n cch y mng 0.5m
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 22 -
3.1.4.2-Tnh ton:
3.1.4.2.1-Gi thit:
Cc vn tuyt i cng.
p lc t ln tng cc vn ly theo nh l Coulomb vi mt ph hoi l mt
phng.
3.1.4.2.2-Tnh ton gia c h mng:
a/Tnh vn p:
-Trng hp vn t nm ngang th vn di cng l vn nguy him nht.
-Ti trng tc dng ln 1 tm vn n gin c xem l phn b u.
-C th tnh vn nh dm n gin k trn cc gi ta l cc cc, c nhp tnh ton l l
chnh l khong cch gia cc cc.
-Ta c ti trng tc dng ln tm vn di cng l:
b q H b p p p
c c h c
). . . . ( ). ( + = + = (3.6)
-Mmen ti gia nhp tm vn c xt n h s ngm:
2
max
. .
10
1
l p M = (3.7)
-Kim tra iu kin bn:

u u u
u
R b
M
R
M
b
R
M
W R
W
M
.
. 6
. .
6
1
max
min
max 2 max max
= = (3.8)
Vng chng
q
Cc
Vn
b
pc p
h
H

Hnh 3.15: S tnh ton gia c thnh h mng
b/Tnh cc ng:
H
p
h
pc
Cc
q

Hnh 3.16: S tnh ton cc ng
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 23 -
Trng hp cc ng c 1 u ngm, 1 u t do:
-Trong trng hp ny, ta xem cc c s tnh l 1 dm cngson.
-Lc tc dng ln 1 m rng tng do t gy ra:
c c
H E . . .
2
1
2
= (3.10)
-Lc tc dng ln 1 m rng tng do hot ti gy ra:
c h
H q E . . = (3.11)
-Mmen ln nht ti ngm ca 1 cc ng:
2
. .
3
. .
max
H l E H l E
M
h c
+ = (3.12)
Trng hp cc ng ta ln nhiu vng chng ngang:
-Trong trng hp ny, cc l dm lin tc k trn cc gi l cc vng chng ngang.
-Mt cch gn ng, ta c th xem cc ng chu ti trng phn b u p
c
, p
h
. T ta
c th gii bi ton nh tnh ton vn p.
c/Tnh ton vng chng:
-Vng chng c duyt n nh, chu lc nn N chnh l phn lc ti gi ta ca cc
ng.
-Cng thc kim tra:
n
R
F
N
=
.
(3.13)
Trong :
+F: din tch tit din ca vng chng.
+R
n
: cng tnh ton chu nn ca vng chng.
+: h s un dc ph thuc vo mnh
r
l
o
= ,
F
J
r =
2
100
8 . 0 1 |

\
|
=


khi 75 v
2
3100

= khi >75.
3.1.4.2.3-Tnh ton vng vy cc vn:
-Vng vy cc vn c kim tra v mt n nh v tr v bn vt liu cc b phn
ca vng vy.
- loi tr s nguy him do t tri khi ht nc ra khi h mng m khng c lp bt
y ngn nc th chiu su ti thiu h ca vng vy tnh t y h mng c xc nh:

dn
n
m
H
h

.
.
1
= (3.14)
Trong :
+H: khong cch t y h mng n mc nc ngoi h mng trong thi gian
ht nc (m).
+
n
,
n
: dung trng t trng thi y ni c php ly bng 1t/m
3
v t
trng ca nc ly 1t/m
3
.
+m
1
: h s iu kin lm vic, ly bng: 0.7 i vi ct th, ct si v ct; 0.5
i ct trung v ct nh; 0.4 i vi ct bt.
-i vi t st chy, st do chy, st, ct, bn no nc, ct nh hoc ct bt,...th
phi ly h2m; trong nhng trng hp cn li ly h1m. Nu vng vy c lp bt y
ngn nc th h1m i vi mi loi t.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 24 -
-Khi kim tra n nh chng lt ca cc vn, chiu su ti thiu h c xc nh theo
ng thc:

g l
M m M . = (3.15)
Trong :
+M
l
: mmen ca cc lc gy lt i vi im lt c th ca cc vn.
+M
g
: mmen gi ca cc lc gi i vi im lt c th ca cc vn.
+m: h s iu kin lm vic, thng ly bng 0.95 tr trng hp khc c quy
nh ring.
-Cc p lc tc dng ln cc vn cn xt n h s vt ti: i vi p lc ch ng l
1.2; i vi p lc b ng l 0.8; cn p lc thu tnh ly 1.0
-Cc chi tit ca h chng cn c kim ton vi tc dng ng thi ca ti trng
nm ngang do cc vn truyn ln v ti trng thng ng do trng lng bn thn ca
cc thit b v ca cc kt cu. Mmen un trong thanh chng do trng lng thit b v
kt cu gy ra khng c nh hn mmen un ln nht gy ra do ti trng phn b u
c cng l

l
F
q q .
1
= (3.16)
+q
1
: ti trng ly bng 50kg/m
2
i vi tng khung chng trn cng v 25kg/m
2

i vi cc tng cn li.
+F: din tch y h mng ly tng ng cho 1 thanh chng c tnh ton
(m
2
).
+l: chiu di thanh chng cn tnh.
-Khi tnh ton cc vn v bn phi ly cng tnh ton cc vn v ca h thng
chng ngoi cc quy nh khc cn phi chia cho h s tin cy k=1.1 i vi cc vn
nm trong nc v k=1.0 vi cc trng hp cn li.
a/Trng hp vng vy khng c thanh chng ngang:
a1/Trng hp khng c lp btng bt y:
h
p
b
pc p
h
E
b
Ec
En

h
h

h
n
MNTC
O

Hnh 3.17: S tnh ton cc vn khi khng c thanh chng
-Trong trng hp ny, ngm ti thiu ca cc vn l
h h h
tt
+ = (3.17)
-Chiu su h c xc nh theo phng trnh (3.15) vi im lt l im O ti chiu su
h, trong M
l
v M
g
l mmen ca cc lc pha trn im O. Ta c:
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 25 -
+
c d c
h h p ). .( + = ,
b b
h p . . = , ) .(
d n n n
h h p + = (3.18)
+
c c d c
n h h E . . ) .(
2
1
2
+ = , (3.19)

b b b
n h E . . .
2
1
2
= ,
h h h h h E E E
d n n d n n n
). .( ) .(
2
1
2
2 1
+ + + = + =
+ ( )
2
.
3
1
.
3
) (
.
2 1
h
E h h h E
h h
E M
d n
d
c l
+
(

+ + +
+
= (3.20)

3
.
h
E M
b g
=
T ta gii tm c h.
-h l chiu su ph thm c xc nh theo cng thc:
( )
b d
n c b
h h
E E E
h
). .( . 2 +
+
= (3.21)
-Cc cng thc trn l p dng cho t khng dnh, cn i vi t dnh th p dng
tng t.
a2/Trng hp c lp btng bt y: C 2 trng hp xy ra
-Trng hp 1: h mng o ti cao ca y lp btng bt y. trnh hin
tng ct chy, mc nc trong h mng ch c php h ti a 2.5% su khi bm
ht. Khi vic tnh ton cc vn nh tnh trn.
-Trng hp 2: btng bt y xong, nc trong h mng ht cn. Khi cc vn
c xu hng quay quanh im O l im cch mt trn ca lp btng bt y 0.5m:
MNTC
h
n
h

E
2 E
6
E
4
h
E
7
E
3
E
1
O
0
.
5

m
E
5
d
B tng bt y

Hnh 3.18: S tnh ton vn khi c lp btng bt y v khng c thanh chng
+Cc p lc thy tnh:
2
1
) 5 . 0 .(
2
1
+ =
d n n
h h E , (3.22)
) 5 . 0 ).( 5 . 0 .(
2
+ + = d h h h E
d n n

+Cc p lc ch ng:
c c
n d h E . . ) 5 . 0 .(
2
1
2
3
+ = (3.23)

c c
n h E . . .
2
1
2
4
=

c c b
n h d E . . . .
'
5
=
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 26 -
+Cc p lc b ng:
b b d
n d h d h E . ). 5 . 0 ).( 5 . 0 .(
6
+ + = (3.24)

b b
n d h E . . ) 5 . 0 .(
2
1
2
7
+ =
+T ta gii phng trnh (3.15) tm ra h.
- kim tra n nh cng ca tit din cc vn, ta c th ly mmen ln nht trong
cc vn bng mmen lt M
l
.
b/Trng hp c 1 tng thanh chng:
-Trong trng hp ny, s tnh ton ca cc vn c th xem nh quay quanh im O
l v tr thanh chng.
-Vic xc nh ngm h ca cc vn vn p dng cng thc (3.4) nhng h s iu
kin lm vic c ly nh sau:
Trong trng hp t dnh v t khng dnh nhng mi cc vn phi ngp vo
lp t st hoc st, ly m=0.95
Trong cc trng hp t khng dnh khc:
Khi ht 1 phn nc ra khi h mng nhng khng > 0.25(h
n
+h

) ni
ngp nc v khng > 0.25h
n
ni cn, ly m=0.95
Khi ht ton b nc ra khi h mng, m c tra theo th sau:
h
h

h
n
MNTC
15 20 25 35 45

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
m
Mm = 0
Mm = 1

Hnh 3.19: Biu tra h s m khi ngp nc
p dng ni ngp nc, h s m c tra th ph thuc vo
d n
n
m
h h
h
M
+
= v gc
ni ma st ca t .
MNN
h
n
h
h

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 M


B
0.95
1.00
1.05
m

Hnh 3.20: Biu tra h s m khi khng c nc hoc c nc ngm
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 27 -
p dng cho ni cn v c nc ngm, h s m c tra th ph thuc vo
d
n
B
h
h
M =
-Vic tnh ton ngm h c th gim i 15% i vi vng vy hnh trn c bn knh
<5m v gim 10% i vi vng vy hnh ch nht c chiu di cnh ln nht <5m.
-Cc p lc c tnh nh sau:
+Cc p lc do nc:
2
1
.
2
1
n n
h E = , (3.25)
h h E
n n
. .
2
=
+Cc p lc ch ng:
c c n d
n h h h E . . ) ' .(
2
1
2
3
= (3.26)

c c n
n h h E . . ) .(
2
1
2 '
4
+ =
( )( )
c c n n d
n h h h h h E . . . ' .
5
+ =
+Cc p lc b ng: % 60 . . . .
2
1
2
6 b b
n h E = (3.27)

b b
n h E . . .
2
1
2 '
7
=
T tm c h.
h

h
h
n
MNN
Thanh chng
h
'
O
E
5
E
4
E
2
E
1
E
3
E
6
E
7
h
/
2
h
/
2 n.(hn +
h
2
)
.(h

- hn).c + .(hn +
h
2
).c

Hnh 3.21: S tnh ton cc vn khi c 1 tng thanh chng
-Vic tnh ton cng , cc vn c xem l 1 dm k trn 2 gi l thanh chng v
im nm cch y h mng 1 on
2
h
, chu cc lc tc dng l p lc t ch ng v
p lc nc nm bn ngoi h mng b qua p lc t b ng v p lc nc bn trong
h mng.
-Vi loi vng vy c btng bt y, vic tnh ton ngm h cc vn c tnh ng
vi khi cha btng bt y (nh tnh trn); cn khi btng bt y v ht nc
h mng c tnh duyt cng ng s tnh cng l dm n gin nhng gi di
nm di mt lp btng bt y 0.5m
-Cc cng thc trn c tnh cho t khng dnh, cn i vi t dnh th trnh t tnh
ton tng t nh trn.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 28 -
c/Trng hp nhiu tng thanh chng:
-Vic b tr nhiu thanh chng lm gim ngm v ni lc ca cc vn nhng v tng
h thng thanh chng, vnh ai,... s phc tp v khong khng lm vic trong h mng
s cht hp hn.
-Khi b tr nhiu thanh chng, cc vn ch b lt khi cc thanh chng khng c kh
nng chu phn lc m (chu ko) v cc vn s quay quanh im lt O l im ta ca
cc vn di cng.
-Cc p lc c tnh nh sau:
+Cc p lc do nc:
2
1
) .(
2
1
h h E
n n
+ = , (3.28)
h h h E
n n
). .(
2
+ =
+Cc p lc ch ng:
c c o
n h h E . . ) .(
2
1
2
3
+ = (3.29)

c c o d
n h h E . . ) .(
2
4
=
+Cc p lc b ng: % 60 . . . ) .(
2
1
2
5 b b o d
n h h E = (3.30)

b b
n h E . . .
2
1
2
6
=
-Vic xc nh h s iu kin lm vic tnh nh i vi 1 tng thanh chng nhng c
im khc l khi ht nc ra khi h mng th tra theo th sau:
Mm = 1
Mm = 0
m
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

45 35 25 20 15
MNTC
h
n
h

h

Hnh 3.23: Biu tra h s m khi c thanh chng
p dng ni ngp nc, h s m c tra th ph thuc vo
d n
n
m
h h
h
M
+
= v gc
ni ma st ca t .
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 29 -
n.(hn + h

+ h)
n.(h

+ h).c
h
/
2
h
/
2
E
6
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
MNN
h
h

O
h
n
h
o
E
5

Hnh 3.22: S tnh ton cc vn khi c nhiu tng thanh chng
-Khi tnh ni lc trong cc vn phi ly gi tr ln nht 1 trong 3 s sau y:
Xem cc vn nh 1 cngson c u ngm ti im O, chu cc ti trng pha trn
im O (E
5
v 1 phn E
1
).
Cc vn c xem nh dm lin tc k trn cc gi l cc thanh chng v c u
tha di bng h+h
o
, chu tt c cc lc c trong s trn (E
1
E
6
).
Cc vn c xem nh dm lin tc k trn cc gi l cc thanh chng v gi
di cng l im cch y h mng 1 on
2
h
.
-Trng hp c lp btng bt y ch tnh ton cng , khi khp di cng
cch mt trn ca lp btng bt y 0.5m
-Ch :
Vng vy cc vn kn phi c tnh vi p lc y ni khi tnh vi mc nc thi
cng cao nht.
Vi loi t yu th vng vy cc vn phi kim tra chng hin tng t trt
chi t pha di cc vn ln. Theo iu kin ny, ngi ta xc nh chiu su
ng cc vn cn thit h t iu kin:

(

\
|
+

1
2
45 2 .
5 . 1
4

o
tg
q
h (3.31)
Trong :
+q: p lc tnh ton tc dng ln cc vn cao y mng.
+, : dung trng v gc ni ma st ca t y h mng.

3.2 xy dng mng nng khi c nc mt
-Xy dng mng nng khi c nc mt phi dng vng vy chn t v nc.
-Vng vy c nhiu loi: bng t, cc vn g, cc vn thp, thng chp,...tu theo tng
trng hp c th m p dng loi no cho ph hp sao cho m bo cc yu cu su
y:
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 30 -
Cu to n gin, d thi cng, thi cng nhanh, s dng c nhiu ln.
Chn nc v t tt, t thu hp dng chy.
S dng vt liu a phng, ph hp vi iu kin thi cng.
cng v m bo n nh.
Chiu cao vng vy cao hn MNTC ti thiu 0.5-1m.
3.2.1-Vng vy t:
3.2.1.1-Phm vi s dng:
-t y sng n nh, t thm khng c hin tng ct chy.
-Mc nc khng su lm 2m, vn tc nc v 0.5m/s.
-Thng p dng mng tr gn b.
3.2.1.2-Cu to:
-B rng mt trn vng vy khng <1m, nh vng vy cao hn MNTC t nht 0.7m
-Ta luy pha ngoi c dc khng >1:2, pha trong khng >1:1. Nu v0.1m/s th
khng cn gia c ta luy; nu ln hn th gia c bng lp hc, cui, vi du, lt c,
bao ti t vi dc 1:1.151:2.
-Chn ta luy pha trong cch h mng ti thiu 1m, nu khng phi tnh ton gia c h
mng c th.
-Vng vy t c th c p bng ct, ct, st nh (thnh phn st khng > 20%);
khng nn dng t st v st nng v rt kh m cht.
-Khi p vng vy bng ct th phi c thm li t st chng thm. dc ta luy vng
vy c quy nh theo gc ngh t nhin ca ct ngm nc, thng rt thoi: 1:31:5
i vi ta luy ngoi v 1:3 i vi ta luy trong.
-Ngoi ra cn c vng vy hc, vng vy bao ti t.
-Trc khi thi cng vng vy t, ni trn, phi dn sch y sng, nu thy cn thit
phi vt bn v san lp ti v tr s thi cng.
-Khi ht nc h mng phi ht t t chng xi, chng mt n nh chn v to
nn mng chn mt ta luy.
Mng
1
:
2


1
:
3
1.52m
1
:
1


1
:
1
.
5


0
.
7
m
1m


0
.
7
m
1
:
3

0.5 m
1
:
3


1
:
5
Li t st
t t thm
1
:
1


1
:
1
.
5
1
:
1
.
5


1
:
2
Gia c taluy


Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 31 -
2
1


0
.
7
m
2 1

Hnh 3.24: Cu to vng vy t
1.Vng vy 2.H mng
3.2.1.3-Tnh ton vng vy:
-Vic tnh ton vng vy l tnh n nh chng trt v tnh cho 1 mt di vng vy:
Trng lng ca bn thn vng vy: . ). .(
2
1
h b B G + = (3.32)
Trong :
+B, b: kch thc y ln, y nh ca tit din vng vy.
+H: chiu cao vng vy.
+: dung trng y ni ca t lm vng vy.
p lc thu tnh:
n n t
h H . .
2
1
2
= (3.33)
Trong :
+h
n
: chiu su mc nc.
+
n
: trng lng n v ca nc.
p lc ng ca nc:
n n d
h
g
v
H . .
2
= (3.34)
Trong :
+v: vn tc ca nc (m/s).
+g: gia tc trng trng, ly bng 9.81m/s
2
.
b
L
1
L
B
h
n
z
h
Lp khng thm
Lp t thm

Hnh 3.25: S tnh ton cc vng vy t
iu kin n nh chng trt:
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 32 -
5 . 1
.

+
d t
H H
f G
(3.35)
Trong :
+f: h s ma st, f=0.30.5
-Ngoi ra phi tnh lng nc thm qua thn vng vy:
Lu lng thm qua vng vy:
L
h
k q
n
t
2
.
2
= (3.36)
Lu lng thm b sung qua nn t di vng vy:
1 1
1 1
. 2
.
.
L m
z h
k q
n
t
= (3.37)
Trong :
+k
t
, k
t1
: h s thm ng ng.
+L, L
1
: hnh chiu bng ca ng thm (m).
+z: dy ca lp thm nc di vng vy (m).
+m
1
: h s ko di ng thm, ly theo bng sau:
Bng 3.4
z
L
1
20 5 4 3 2 1
m
1
1.15 1.18 1.23 1.30 1.44 1.87
3.2.1.4-u, nhc im:
-Tin li, d lm, r v cu to n gin, khng cn thit b thi cng phc tp.
-Khi lng p lntn nhiu cng sc v cn tr dng chy nhiu.
3.2.2-Vng vy hn hp t-g:
3.2.2.1-Phm vi s dng:
-Cc c th ng c qua lp t.
-Mc nc su t 3-5m, vn tc nc t 0.5-1.5m/s
3.2.2.2-Cu to:
3.2.2.2.1-Vng vy 1 lp cc vn:
0.5m


4
m


2

m
h
n


3
m


0
.
7
m
1
:
2


1
:
3

Hnh 3.26: Vng vy t c 1 lp cc vn
-p dng cho mc nc su khng >3m, v=0.5-1.5m/s
-Mt nh vng vy khng <0.5m
-Chiu su h mng nn o su ti a cch nh vng vy khng >4m.
-Cc ng su xung t khng <1-2m.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 33 -
3.2.2.2.2-Vng vy c 2 lp cc vn:
-Loi ny lm nh kch thc vng vy hn, t ch p gia 2 lp cc vn.
-Thng thng ly b=(0.5-1)h
n
, nhng khng < (0.4-0.6)H v khng < 1.5-2m
-Loi ny p dng cho mc nc khng >5m v chiu su h mng nn o su ti a
cch nh vng vy khng >7m.
-Cc cn ng su xung t khng <2m.
h
n


3
m


7
m


2
m


0
.
7
m
b
b 1.5 2m; b (0.4 0.6).H
b = (0.5 1).hn

Hnh 3.27: Vng vy t 2 lp cc vn
3.2.2.2.3-u nhc im:
-Gim c khi lng t.
-t thu hp dng chy.
-Chn nc tt.
-Tn nhiu g v thit b thi cng.
3.2.3-Vng vy cc vn thp:
-Cc vn thp thng c s dng trong cc vng vy h mng ni c nc mt, h
mng su v:
Cc vn thp c cng vt liu
cao.
Khp mng cht ch nn c bn
ngn c nc thm nhp.
Kh nng ng su hu ht cc loi
t .
To ra 1 mng chn nc ngm
trong cc lp t thm.
m bo n nh khi o mng.
Din thi cng n gin, t cn tr
dng chy.
c s dng nhiu ln.



Hnh 3.28: Vng vy cc vn thp


Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 34 -
3.2.4-Vng vy thng chp:
-L vng vy c ch to sn bng g, thp, btng ct thp, phao,...c cao m bo
sao cho nh thng chp cao hn MNTC t nht 0.7m
3.2.4.1-Thng chp bng thp:
-Thng c p dng mc nc su khng >4m.
B


0
.
7
m
0.75 1 m
0.75 1 m
(0.75 1).B
MNTC
(0.75 1).B
Khung chu lc dnh
(Khung vnh ai)
B tng bt y
dm
hc
B mng
Ct chng

Hnh 3.30: Thng chp

-Thng chp gm c cc b phn c bn sau y:
V: c lp dng t cc tm nh, mi tm thng c chiu rng 1-3m c t
hp t thp tm v thp hnh, cc tm lin kt vi nhau nh m ca cc vn thp
hoc dng lin kt bulng c m roan cao su.
Khung vnh ai: khung chu lc chnh, c t hp t cc loi thp hnh.
H cc chng (cc nh v): c tc dng gi cho thng chp n nh, c t hp
t cc loi thp hnh.
Lp m: lp y nn dng hc c kch c 20-40cm, lp trn mt dng hn
hp dm trn vi ct th, ct nh d san bng v chng r r va btng.
-Cn ch kh nng h chn thng chp di nc, c th d phng bng cch buc
trc cc ti t st vo chn thng chp. Ngoi ra sau khi h phi dng th ln gia c
thm bn ngoi bng cch xp cc ti ng btng hoc t st bt kn tt c khe h
chn thng chp.
3.2.4.2-Thng chp bng phao:
-Thng p dng khi mc nc su khng >7m.
-Vng vy ny gm nhiu phao ghp li, c ch ni ra v tr thi cng v h xung
bng bm nc vo cc ngn ca phao.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 35 -
1
4
4
5
2 3
5

Hnh 3.30: Thng chp bng phao KC
a. B tr thi cng lp btng bt y b. Thi cng b mng
1.ng btng 2.i cc 3.Btng bt y 4.Phao KC 5.Chn thng chp
-Cc khe ni ca phao c bt kn bng cc roan cao su nn m bo chng thm tt.
-Chn thng chp c cu to li xn cng vi trng lng ca phao, vng vy s cm
xung nn to ra kh nng ngn nc ngm di chn khi ht nc h mng. Chn xn
ny khng c chm vo cc xin ca mng.
-Sau khi thi cng xong, vng vy c ly ln ton b bng cch bm nc trong ngn
ra ngoi hoc dng kh nn.

3.3 cng tc ht nc v o t trong h mng
3.3.1-Cng tc ht nc:
-Qu trnh o t cng nh trong thi gian xy dng mng thng phi lun lun ht
nc. Ngoi tr cc trng hp sau mi thi cng trong iu kin ngp nc:
Ch trong trng hp nc thm vo qu ln m khng c phng tin ht cn
nc.
Khi c hin tng ct chy c nguy c lm gim cht ch v cng nn t
hoc gy mt n nh cho vch h mng,...khin khng th ht nc khi h
mng.
-Tu theo h s thm ca t, su mng, cao mc nc ngm v iu kin thi
cng, ta c th ht nc theo 2 phng php:
Ht nc trc tip.
H mc nc ngm.
3.3.1.1-Phng php ht trc tip:
-Nc trong h mng ch yu l nc ngm thm qua vch hoc y h mng.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 36 -
2


6
m

5
4
3
6
1
3
4
3
5
8
6

Hnh 3.31: Ht nc trc tip
1.My bm 2.ng ht 3.Ging t 4.Rnh
5.Cc vn 6.Vn g 7.G p 8.Lp ct si
-Lu lng thm ca nc ngm gn ng c tnh nh sau:
qF Q 6 . 1 = (3.41)
Trong :
+1.6: h s an ton k n s khng chnh xc ca q v nc khe thm vo.
+F: din tch y h mng.
+q: lu lng nc trn 1m
2
y h mng, c th tham kho nh sau:
q=0.05-0.16 m
3
/h i vi ct mn.
q=0.10-0.24 m
3
/h i vi ct ht trung.
q=0.30-3.00 m
3
/h i vi ct ht to.
q=0.15-0.25 m
3
/h i vi nt n.
-Nu lng nc thm khng nhiu Q<0.06 m
3
/pht c th dng th cng mc ra
ngoi. Nu ln hn, thng phi dng my bm ht nc, s lng my bm cn
thit:

Q
Q
n = (3.42)
Trong :
+Q: cng sut ca my bm, cc loi my bm thng c dng:
Loi C-666, C-665 c Q=120 m
3
/h.
Loi C-374 c Q=24 m
3
/h.
Cn ch rng chn cng sut my bm sao cho ph hp vi t y mng. Nu t
nh ht, khi ht mnh s ph hoi cu trc t nhin ca t v nh hng n cng trnh
xung quanh.
-B tr my bm trong h mng:
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 37 -
Thng p dng cho su ht nc gii hn ca my bm 6m, nu ln hn
phi t my bm trong h mng trn cc gi c bit.
Khi ht cn nc vn tip tc cho my bm hot ng gii quyt lng nc
ngm lin tc chy vo h mng.
y h mng c kh ro, cn o rnh st vng vy v c dc v pha
cc ging t; rnh v ging c b tr st vng vy:
o Thnh v y ging nn lt 1 lp ct ht ln hoc cui si dy 15-20cm
theo nguyn tc tng lc ngc (cng gn thnh ging ht cng ln), nc
trong ging lun thp hn y h mng 0.2-0.5m
o Rnh c su 0.3-0.5m, c dc 1-2%kch thc h mng phi rng
hn kch thc mng.
-Phng php ny n gin v t tn km nhng cn c bit thn trng khi ht nc h
mng o bn cnh cc cng trnh ang s dng trnh s c nh ln st, nghing
lch,...
3.3.1.2-Phng php h mc nc ngm trong h mng o trn:
-Phng php ny l bm ht nc ngm qua 1 h thng cc ng lc c bit, h su
vo t chung quanh b h mng.
1
Rr
S

S
h
0
1
.
5


2
m
L
H
2
3


a
l
b
2
3


Hnh 3.32: Phng php h mc nc ngm v s tnh ton
1.ng lc 2.ng gom 3.Trm bm
-Phng php ny khng ph hoi cu trc ca t y mng v c th ht mc nc
ngm trong t n 25m.
-N s dng rt hiu qu i vi t c ht c nh k c bn nho v ph sa; cc ht c
nh khng qua c ng lc. Do vy:
Loi tr c s c bt li thng xy ra trong h mng khi bm ht trc tip.
Lm cht ch thm cu trc ca t y h mng v vch o do khng cn tc
dng y ni ca nc, thnh phn ht c c kt li.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 38 -
-Khi ht nc, nc ngm s qua mng lc v cc l ng lc ngoi ri c ht ln
theo ng dn vo 1 h ng ng gi l ng gom c b tr quanh b h mng; ng
ny s ni trc tip vi 1 hoc nhiu my bm.
-Ni dung tnh ton gm:
Xc nh lu lng nc.
Chn my bm.
Xc nh s lng ng lc
Chiu di h ng v cch b tr trn mt bng.
r
S
Rr Rr
H

Hnh 3.32: S tnh ton
Nu cc ng lc c b tr trn chu vi ca hnh ch nht a v b, ta thay th chu vi
bng 1 ng trn c bn kinh quy i

b a
r
.
= (3.43)
Cc ng lc b tr trn ng trn c th coi nh 1 ging c bn knh r. Theo
nh lut Darcy, ta c lu lng:
F I k Q
t
. . =
r l R l
S S H k
Q
r
t
. .
). 2 .( .

(3.44)
Trong :
+R
r
: bn knh nh hng ca c h thng ng lc b tr trn chu vi ng trn
bn knh r, r R R
r
+ =
+R: bn knh ca din h mc nc ngm hnh phu nh hng ca tng ng
lc v c th tnh theo cng thc ca Kuxanin:
t
k H S R . . . 575 =
+S: h mc nc ngm cn thit, S S S
o
+ =
+S
o
: su ca y h mng tnh t mc nc ngm.
+S: chiu dy lp t c ht cn nc di y h mng, thng ly bng
0.5-1.5m
+H: chiu su mc nc ngm cn h.
+k
t
: h s thm.
+I: gradien thu lc.
+F: din tch thm.
+l: khong cch cc ng lc, thng ly bi s ca 0.75m nhng nm trong gii
hn t 0.75-3m.
T Q ta xc nh s lng my bm nc theo cng thc (3.42).
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 39 -
S lng ng lc c tnh:

q
Q
n (3.45)

t
k S H d q ). .( .
15
=


+d: ng knh ca ng lc
Chiu di ti thiu ca ng lc:
m h S S L
o o
) 2 5 . 1 ( + + + = (3.46)

o t
o
r n
r
l
k n
Q
h
.
. .
. .
=
+r
o
: bn knh l h ng cc.
3.3.2-Cng tc o t:
-Cng tc o t l cng vic rt nng nhc, nht l khi phi o t trong nccn
c bin php c gii v bn c gii gim sc lao ng, y mnh tc thi cng v
tng hiu qu kinh t.
-Vic la chn phng n o t trong h mng phi lin h cht ch vi phng n
thit k cu to vch chng v cng tc ht nc.
-Cc bin php o t m bo khng ph hoi cu trc t nhin ca t:
Nu dng my c cng sut ln phi li 1 lp ti thiu 5-30cm; i vi khi
o bng phng php xi ht th chiu dy ny phi tng thm.
Sau dng thit b nh hn o tip nhng phi li 1 lp cui cng dy 5-
7cm dng th cng sa sang li y h mng trc khi bt u xy dng
mng.
-t o t h mng phi vn chuyn ra xa khi phm vi mng trnh st l ta luy, bt
li cho vch chng v cn tr thi cng; ch li 1 phn lp h mng sau ny.
3.3.2.1-o t bng th cng:
-p dng khi h mng khng hoc c rt t nc.
-Mi cng nhn lm vic trong khu vc c din tch 5-10m
2
m bo nng sut v an
ton lao ng; i vi t cng th c th nh hn.
-Nu h mng su <2m, cng nhn c th ht t ra ngoi trc tip.
-Nu h mng su 2m th xc t vo x, thng ri dng ti, cn vt,...chuyn ln trn
xe gong vn chuyn ra xa.
3.3.2.2-o t bng my:
-Loi my s dng ph thuc vo loi t, kiu gia c h mng, iu kin vn chuyn,...
3.3.2.2.1-My i:
-H mng tng i rng, t ri, kh c th dng my i trc tip o v vn chuyn
t.
-C th kt hp vi thang ti, bng chuyn, cn trc, cn vt,... vn chuyn t ra
khi h mng.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 40 -
Hnh 3.33: Cc loi my o t
a. Bng ti b.Gu thun c.Gu nghch d.Gu qung e.Gu ngom
3.3.2.2.2-My xc:
-Cc my xc thng hay c s dng nht trong h mng o trn khng chng vch.
a/My xc gu thun:
-Thng c b tr ngay bn trong h mng rng v kh.
-p lc do trng lng my xc truyn qua xch ln t khong 0.6kg/cm
2
, nu sc chu
ca t khng th c th m rng din tip xc bng g lt.
-t c xc ln t ben hoc xe gong c b tr di tm vi ca my xc.
-My ny c s dng khi chiu su h mng 4.5m
b/My xc gu nghch:
-Thng c b tr trn b h mng o v th mng vn c th b tr
khung chng v khng cn ht nc.
-My ny ch o c su c hn khong 4m.
-Nh my xc gu thun, loi ny s dng tt trong trng hp t ri, t rn, k c t
c ln tng, gc cy, st vn,...
c/My xc gu qung:
-c b tr lm vic trn b h mng, phm vi hot ng c kh nng m rng kch
thc hn so vi 2 loi my xc trn v su o n 7m; khi thi cng mng m tr
cu thng s dng gu c dung tch 0.25-0.5m
3
.
-Do vng dy cp hoc xch ko nn khng s dng cho h mng c gia c vch nh
trng hp i vi gu thun.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 41 -
3.2.2.3-Gu ngom:
-Thng c s dng o t trong h mng trng thi ngp nc hoc kh ro; s
dng tt trong cc loi t ri, t dnh ch tr t trng thi lng lm gim nng sut
ca n.
-V gu ngom l thit b c treo vo cn trc, cn cu c nh hoc t hnh nn n c
th hot ng d dng trong h mng c khung chng vch min l phi khong
khng gian cho gu lm vic.
-Trong xy dng cu, thng s dng gu c dung tch 0.5-1m
3
, c 2 hoc 4 hm, m
rng trn bnh khong 2-2.6m.
3.2.3-My ht thu lc:
Vi xi t
v ng ht
My ht thu lc
ng x bn
ng nc cao p

My bm t trn phao
hoc gin gio

Hnh 3.34: My ht thu lc
-Thng c s dng hiu qu i vi t ct, si, cui; i vi t st v st phi kt
hp thit b xi t.
-My ht ny s dng hp l trong trng hp thi cng h mng c dung tch 600m
3

v chiu su khong 8-10m.
-Nguyn l hot ng:
Nc cao p c bm vo bung trong qua 1 khe h vnh trn v cun ht hn
hp bn t di h mng ln ng x v dn ra ngoi.
B rng khe h c th iu chnh thch ng tng loi t nhm nng cao hiu
sut cng tc.
3.3.2.4-My ht bng kh nn:
-Thng c s dng thi cng h mng trong trng hp t ri, nht l t c c
ht kh nh.
-Nguyn l hot ng:
Khng kh p t hp nn ca my vo trong ng. u trn ca ng ni vi ng x
bn t, u di ng ni vi u ht bn.
Khi my lm vic, khi lng ca t hn hp vi khng kh s nh hn v di
p lc ca ct nc trong h mng hn hp s b y ln trn theo ng x ra
ngoi.
Nh vy thi cng bng my ht dng kh p, h mng phi lun ngp nc vi
su ti thiu 3m v cng ngp su th nng sut my cng cao.
Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1 Bin son: V Quang Thun
Chng III: Xy dng mng nng trn nn thin nhin - 42 -
ng dn kh
My p kh
Gin gio
ng ht bn
Bn nc
ng ht bn
Kh p

Hnh 3.35: My ht bng kh nn
3.3-Nghim thu h mng:
-Nghim thu h mng cho tr cu trung v cu ln t trn nn thin nhin cn phi:
Kim tra b dy thc t ca lp t chu lc bng cch khoan d kim tra vi
chiu su ti thiu 4m tnh t cao thit k ca y mng.
Nu thy c kh nng pht hin nc p lc th phi khoan d kim tra ngoi
phm vi h mng.
Khi mng t trn nn v i vi mng cng trnh nh th ch cn khoan d
kim tra theo yu cu c bit ca ban nghim thu.
-Khi kim tra v nghim thu phi:
Kt lun v tr v kch thc h mng c ph hp vi thit k khng.
So snh a tng thc t v cht lng t vi cc mt ct a cht v cc lp
khoan d ghi trong thit k. Kt lun kh nng c th t mng cao thit
k hoc thay i cao .

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