Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1

Bin son: V Quang Thun

C
Ch
h

n
ng
gv
viiII:: X
X
y
yd
d
n
ng
gm
m
ttr
r
c
c
u
u
7.1 cng tc vn khun
1.1-Yu cu c bn i vi vn khun:
-m bo yu cu v cng , cng, n nh trong mi giai on ch to cu kin.
-Phi m bo hnh dng v kch thc chnh xc theo thit k.
-m bo ch to, lp rp, tho d 1 cch d dng v s dng c nhiu ln.
-Vn khun phi phng, mt tip xc vi btng phi nhn, khe ni phi ghp kht trnh
gy r t ong btng v mt nc ximng.
1.2-Cc loi vn khun:
1.2.1-Vn khun c nh:
-Ghp ti ch, khi xong c tho ra lp cho cc hng mc khc.
-u: s dng cho kt cu c hnh dng phc tp hoc khng lp li nhiu ln.
-Nhc: tho lp kh khn, mt nhiu thi gian, s ln lun chuyn t.
1.2.2-Vn khun lp ghp:
-Ch to trc thnh tng tm c kch thc nh, sau lp ghp li btng.
-N c kh nng tho lp nhanh, s dng nhiu ln cho nhiu hng mc ging nhau.
1.3-Cu to vn khun:
1.3.2-Vn khun lp ghp:
-Yu cu:
Kch thc v hnh thc phi tiu chun ho
Cu to lin kt n gin, khi tho lp khng nh hng ln nhau, khng h hng;
mi ni phi xt nhau v c bn chc khi chuyn ch.
N c th s dng i vi bt k loi tr no, c bit tr tit din ch nht v trn
vch thng ng.
-Cc tm vn khun lp ghp phi c cu to sao cho tin li trong vn chuyn v lp rp,
tn dng cc phng tin cu lp n gin. Kch thc mi tm thng ly khong 4-12m2
v khng nn ly ln qu 20m2
-Trong 1 cng trnh cn c gng s dng ti thiu s cc chng loi tm c kch thc khc
nhau
- i vi vn khun thp thng dng lp ghp. N gm tm thp c gia cng bi cc
sn ng sn ngang. Cc tm lp ghp lin kt vi nhau bng cc bulng. Loi vn khun
hin nay c s dng rt rng ri khng nhng trong cng trnh cu ng m cn cc
cng trnh xy dng khc.

Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 142 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1

Bin son: V Quang Thun

150

50

50

THEP T
M
DAY 4mm

50

THEP 50x50x5

50

50

50

50

200

157

50

50

THEP T
M
DAY 4mm

50

THEP 50x50x5

0
15
R=

BUL NG L
P RAP
VAN KHU N

THEP 50x50x5

Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 143 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1

Bin son: V Quang Thun

Hnh 7.8: Cu to vn khun thp lp ghp

Hnh 7.9: Vn khun tr cu cng trnh thc t

1.4.1-Ti trng:
1.4.1.1-Ti trng thng ng:
1) Trng lng bn thn vn khun: g=(0.6-0.8)t/m3.
2) Trng lng btng ti: bt=2.5t/m3.
3) Trng lng ct thp: tnh theo thit k hoc ly t= 2.35

1 + 3.35
hoc ly 100kg/m3.
1+

4) Trng lng ngi v thit b nh trn vn khun: q=250kg/m2 v kim tra li vi lc

tp trung P=130kg tc dng ln 1 tm vn nu b rng tm vn b15cm v 2 tm chu
nu b<15cm. Nu vn chuyn bng xe gong hay xe ct kt ly P=250kg.
5) Lc xung kch do btng:

bng my hoc mng dn hoc vi voi: q=200kg/m2.

bng thng, x c dung tch 0.2m3: q=200kg/m2.

bng thng, x c dung tch 0.2-0.8m3: q=400kg/m2.

bng thng, x c dung tch >0.8m3: q=600kg/m2.
6) Lc chn ng do m btng gy ra: 200kg/m2.
1.4.1.2-Ti trng nm ngang:
7) p lc ngang ca lp btng ti.
8) p lc ngang do xung kch khi btng: nh 5).
9) Lc gi: ly theo tng vng.

Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 144 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1
Bin son: V Quang Thun
-Nhn xt:
Ta cng nn bit rng p lc ngang ca btng ti c th thay i trong phm vi ln.
N ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: st, trng lng ct liu, phng php v
m btng.
Trong qu trnh btng ngng kt v ng cng, p lc ny gim dn v sau 1 thi
gian s hon ton mt i nhng bin dng v ng sut trong cc b phn ca vn khun
do p lc vn gi nguyn.
Hn hp btng ti di tc dng ca m rung c cu to tng t nh t ct bo
ho nc.
T , ta c biu p lc ca btng ti tc dng ln vn khun:

Hnh 7.12: Biu p lc btng ti

a.p lc btng gi nh b.p lc btng khi khng c m rung
c.p lc btng khi c m rung

Chiu cao H ca biu p lc ph thuc vo thi gian ng kt v chiu cao lp

btng ti. Khi tnh ton vn khun c th ly thi gian ng kt ca btng l 4h k
t lc trn (nu khng c s liu th nghim) H=4h vi h l chiu cao lp btng
trong 1 gi.
Khi btng khi ln hay tng mng v dng m th p lc ngang ca btng ti
c tnh theo cng thc:
Pmax = (q + .R ).n
(7.2)
Trong :
+q: lc xung kch do btng gy ra.
+: trng lng ring ca btng.
+R: bn knh tc dng ca m R H. i vi m mt R=0.4m, m di R=0.7m
v m cnh c lin cht vi mt ngoi vn khun R=1m ( 2R).
+n: h s vt ti ly bng 1.3
1.4.3-Tnh ton vn khun thp:
-Cc thp l vn khun thp c tnh nh bn ngm 4 cnh.
-Mmen ln nht c tnh:
M = .Pqd .b 2
(7.12)
Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 145 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1
- vng gia nhp vn thp:

Bin son: V Quang Thun

f = .

Pqd .b 4

(7.13)

E. 3

Trong :
+, : cc h s c tra bng 7.1 ph thuc cc cnh ca vn khun thp.
+: b dy ca tm vn thp, c th tnh gn ng theo cng thc sau:
= 375.

P.c
(mm)
R

(7.14)

+P: ti trng tnh ton (kg/m2).

+R: cng tnh ton ca thp (kg/m2).
+c: khong cch t ng cho n 1 nh ca tm vn, c =

a.b
a2 + b2

Bng 7.1
a:b

1.0
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25

0.0513
0.0665
0.0757
0.0817
0.0829
0.0833

0.0138
0.0199
0.0240
0.0264
0.0277
0.0281

7.2 cng tc btng tr

2.1- v m btng:
-Btng c theo tng lp, chiu cao mi lp dy 15-30cm ph thuc vo iu kin v
m btng. Tc cn m bo sao cho cc lp btng ng kt pha di khng
nm trong bn knh tc dng ca m.

Hnh 7.17: Din tch btng

Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 146 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1
Bin son: V Quang Thun
-iu kin trn cho php xc nh c cng sut ti thiu ca my trn btng:
Qmin =

R. A
t vc t dc

(7.15)

Trong :
+R: bn knh tc dng ca m.
+tvc, tc: thi gian vn chuyn v ng cng ca btng.
+A: din tch btng.
Nu din tch tr ln (A>100m2) th Qmin rt ln. gim Qmin, ta c th gim A bng cch
chia tr thnh tng khi ring bit c din tch khng nh hn 50m2 v chiu cao 22.5m phi cu to cc mi ni thng ng, hnh 7.17.
-Vn chuyn btng cc tr gia sng c th c cc loi phng tin sau:
My bm btng: rt hiu qu cho php vn chuyn theo phng bt k v bo m
khng b phn tng, nhng i hi phi tng t l nc v ximng di chuyn trong
ng c d dng.
t, xe gong,... di chuyn trn cu tm.
Phng tin ch ni: ch cc nguyn vt liu, trm trn v thit b ti st tr thi
cng.
a btng ln cao c th dng cn cu t trn gin gio, phao ni, sn cc,...
-Ti cc tr trn bi sng hoc ni cn, vn chuyn btng c th dng cn trc thp, cn
cu xch, cn cu t hoc cc loi thit b cn cu khc.

Hnh 7.18: Cc thit b vn chuyn btng

a.Cn trc rich chn cng trn cc b.ng trn gin gio
c.Cn trc thp d.Cu cu xch

Vic chn loi phng tin no cn lin h n cc cng vic khc nh o t, ng cc,
dng vn khun,... t hiu qu kinh t.

- btng trc tip vo vn khun, ta c th dng cc thit b sau:

Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 147 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1
Bin son: V Quang Thun
Thng: p dng khi chiu cao khng >1.5m trnh btng phn tng.
ng vi voi: p dng khi chiu cao >3m. N c cu to l nhng ng thp hnh nn
ct, c lp ghp t cc on ng c chiu cao 80-100cm thng qua cc mc c
ch to sn trn cc on ng.
Nu ng vi voi di qu 5-7m th cc thnh phn ri khng u lm cho btng phn
tng trnh hin tng ny trong cc on ng cn gn cc l chn nghing (li g)
lm gim tc ri btng v trong qu trnh ri btng c trn li ln na.

Hnh 7.19: ng vi voi

1.on ng hnh chp ct 2.Mc 3.Bn l 4.Li g

- gim khi lng btng tr c th n thm hc sao cho:

C cng khng nh hn cng ca btng vi khi lng khng qu 20% tng
khi lng tr m. Khng dng c hnh dt, rn nt, trn nhn; tt nht l vung
vc c cng khng nh hn 40MPa 400kg/cm2.
Kch thc khng nh hn 20cm, khng ln hn 1/4 kch thc nh nht ca kt cu.
N phi c chn ngp trong btng v khong cch gia 2 lp t nht l 10cm,
khong cch n vn khun khng <25cm.
-Trong qu trnh btng nu bt buc phi dng li v btng ng cng th ch c
tip tc khi lp c cng >1.2 MPa v cn phi ty b ximng trn mt btng
c, lm sch v ra b mt btng .
2.2-Cng tc bo dng:
- tng nhanh cng v phng bin dng co ngt khng u, btng cn phi bo
dng bng cch ti nc v ph trn b mt cc loi vt liu gi m nht l trong ma h.
-Sau khi btng t 10-12h bt u ti phun u, sau cch 1-3h ti 1 ln, 3 ngy u
ti nhiu.
-Khi btng t cng 25kg/cm2 cho php i li trn btng v tho vn khun thnh
nhng phi t t, t 50-70% cng th c th tho vn khun y.

7.3 thi cng tr lp ghp v bn lp ghp

Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 148 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1
Bin son: V Quang Thun
-Thit b v phng php lp rp tu thuc vo cu to, khi lng v cc kch thc cu kin
ca m tr lp ghp v cc iu kin c th ti a im xy dng.
-Thi cng m tr lin quan mt thit vi thi cng kt cu nhp nn tt nht la chn sao cho
lp rp dng cng 1 loi cn cu.
-Cc loi cn cu thng dng:
Khi khi lng lp ghp khng qu 50KN th c th dng cn cu xch, cu chn d v
cc loi cu khc c sc nng ti khng ln.
Thi cng cc tr gia sng thng dng cc khi ln c th dng cn cu chn xch c
sc nng ln hoc cn cu ni.
3.1-M tr cu nhp nh:
3.1.1-Tr cc lp ghp:
-Trnh t:
Cc c ng nh cc mng.
Cu lp x m.
btng lin kt x m cc.

Hnh 7.20: Thi cng tr cc lp ghp

3.1.2-Tr ct lp ghp:

Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 149 -

Bi ging: Xy dng cu 1

Bin son: V Quang Thun

Hnh 7.21: Thi cng tr ct lp ghp

3.1.3-Tr cc ng:
-Trnh t:
B mng chun b trc c ct thp ch.
Cu cc lp v nh v ri btng on chm lin kt cc vi mng.
Cu lp x m tr v btng lin kt.

Hnh 7.22: Thi cng tr cc ng

3.2-M tr cu ln:

Hnh 7.23: S lp x m tr bng cn tr longmn

1.Gin gio 2.Mng tr 3.ng cn trc
4.Ct 5.X m 6.Xe gong 7.Gin gio treo

- lp rp lin kt cc tr trn sng, dng cn trc ng trn h ni hoc cu tm vi

gi longmn.
Chng VII: Xy dng m tr cu

- 150 -