TI:C BASA CUN

GVHD

: ThS. Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Lp

: HTP6ALT

Nhm SV : Hong Trung Ngha

10325441

Lm Th Y Lnh

10330771

L c Minh

10312451

Hunh Nguyn Duy L

10373341

TP.HCM, ngy 10 thng 12 nm 2011

Li m u

Hin nay vi nhng thay i ca kinh t, x hi, vn ho th con ngi cng b

cun theo nhng thay i y, chng ta lun tm ra nhng gii php ti u thch ng.
Chng ta khng c nhiu thi gian trong vic chun b cc bui n trong ngy.V
th cc loi thc phm qua ch bin sn rt hoc ch bin trc mt phn th rt tin
dng, v lun l s la chn hng u ca cc nh ni tr .c bit vi xu hng ch
bin sn hoc ch bin trc mt phn th kh ph bin trong cuc sng thng nht
ngy nay.Cc dng thc phm ny cng l mc tiu ca cc nh sn xut v xu hng
lc chn v tiu dng trong cuc sng hin nay.
Cc sn phm ch bin sn hay mt phn gip ch cho chng ta rt nhiu
trong vic tit kim thi gian.Chng ta ch vic mang chng ra ch bin thm vi mt
thi gian rt ngn v kt qu l chng ta mt mn ngon tuyt, m bn khng cn b ra
hng gi ng h ch bin chng.
Cc ngun thc phm c ngun gc t thc vt, ng vt p ng nhu cu cn
bng dinh dng trong cc ba n mt cch hon ho cung cp dinh dng cho c
th.
Hiu c vn trn do nhm tm hiu v pht trin cc ngun nguyn liu
to ra sn phm. p ng nhu cu ca th trng cng nh to ra mt sn phm mi
trong mn pht trin sn phm cho nhm.

TP.HCM, ngy 10 thng 12 nm 2011

Nhm sinh vin.

MC LC
Nhm SV : Hong Trung Ngha
10325441.......................................1
TP.HCM, ngy 10 thng 12 nm 2011...............................................................................1

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

CHNG I. TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU V PHNG PHP THC

NGHIM TRONG VIC NGHIN CU V PHT TRIN SN PHM:
1.1. Tng quan v nguyn liu:
1.1.1. Nguyn liu c:
C Basa Vit Nam hai h
chnh trong b c trn c nghin
cu l h Pangasiidae v Clariidae.
H Pangasiidae c 21 loi thuc 2
ging: ging Pangasius c 19 loi v

Gii (regnum):
Ngnh (phylum):
Lp (class):
B (ordo):
H (familia):
Chi (genus):
Loi (species):

Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pangasiidae
Pangasius
P. bocourti

ging Helicophagus c 2 loi. C

mt loi sng trong nc l, 2 loi sng bin
Trong h Pangasiidae 2 loi c ba sa v c tra l c nui kinh t ca ng bng
sng Cu Long, c bit trong hnh thc nui tng sn. Hng nm ngh nui c b cung
cp hng ngn tn c ba sa cho th trng trong nc, thm vo l hng ngn tn
nguyn liu cho thc n gia sc. Nu trong nm 1993 sn lng nui b min Nam
Vit Nam c lng vo khong 17400 tn hu ht l t cc b nui sng M Kng, th
ch ring c ba sa chim sn lng ny (13400 tn). Trong nm 1996 sn lng loi
c ny khong 15000 tn (Phillip Cacot).
C Tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) v c Basa (Pangasius bocourti) l mt trong
nhng i tng nui trng thy sn ang c pht trin vi tc nhanh ti cc tnh
ng bng sng Cu Long (An Giang, ng Thp, Vnh Long, Cn Th, Tin Giang,
Bn Tre...) v l mt trong nhng loi c c gi tr xut khu cao. CTra v c Basa ca
Vit Nam c nhiu th trng a chung v mu sc c tht trng, tht c thm ngon
hn so vi cc loi c da trn khc.
Trong dinh dng hc ngi ta bit c l mt mn n qu c nhiu protein, nhiu
cht khong quan trng v c gn cc loi vitamin, c bit nhiu vitamin A v D

HTP06ALT

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

trong gan c v mt s vitamin nhm B. Hn th na, c Tra-Basa l hai loi c gi tr

dinh dng cao v thnh phn dinh dng cha nhiu cht m, t bo, nhiu EPA v
DHA, t cholesterol.
Lng protein trong c Tra, Basa vo khong 23% n 28%, tng i cao hn cc
loi c nc ngt khc (16-17% ty loi c). Cc protein ca c u d tiu ha v d
hp thu hn tht. Quan trng hn na l thnh phn cc protein trong c Tra-Basa va c
cha y cc acid amin cn thit cho c th li va c t l cc acid amin thit yu
(EAA) rt cn bng v ph hp vi nhu cu EAA ca con ngi.
V cht bo, hm lng cht bo trong c Tra-Basa t hn so vi tht nhng cht
lng m c li tt hn. Cc acid bo cha no hot tnh cao chim t 50% n 70%
trong tng s lipid bao gm oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, klupanodonic... Cc
acid bo ny l vt cht quan trng h tr cho nhiu c quan trong c th nh h thn
kinh, h tun hon. Nhiu nghin cu khoa hc pht hin rng trong cht bo cha
bo ha ca c Tra-Basa c cha nhiu acid bo Omega_3 (EPA v DHA). y l cc
acid bo quan trng m c th chng ta khng th t tng hp c nn bt buc phi
c cung cp t thc n.
Cht DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) gi vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh sinh
trng ca t bo no v h thn kinh, c nh hng ti nng lc tm ti, phn on,
tng hp ca no. DHA c xem l khng th thiu trong giai oan tr em ang pht
trin, thanh nin hoc nhng ngi lao ng tr c thng xuyn. Nu c th thiu
DHA, b no s tr tr, tr nh gim st, km thng minh. Cht EPA (Eicosapentaenoic
Acid) cng c nhiu trong acid bo cha bo ha ca c v c tc dng phng chng
bnh x va ng mch v nhi mu c tim. Nh vy, EPA rt cn thit cho ngi cao
tui cng nh ngi tiu dng trong tui lao ng. Ngy nay, cc nh khoa hc
cho bit thm hm lng Cholesterol trong c Tra, Basa cc k thp, ch chim khong
0.02% thnh phn tht c (c th l xp x 22mg n 25mg trn 100g c thnh phm n
c).

HTP06ALT

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

C Tra
Tn ting Anh: Sutchi catfish
Tn khoa hoc: Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
Tn thng mai: Tra catfish
Bng 1. Bng thanh phn dinh dng ca c Tra thanh phm:
Thanh phn dinh dng trn 100g thanh phm n c
Tng nng lng Cht am Tng lng Cht beo cha bao hoa Cholesterol

Natri

cung cp (calori)
124.52

(mg)
70.6

(g)
23.42

cht beo (g)

3.42

(co DHA, EPA) (g)

1.78

(%)
0.025

C Basa
Tn ting Anh: Yellowtail catfish
Tn khoa hoc: Pangasius bocourti (Sauvage, 1880)
Tn thng mai: Basa catfish

Bng 2. Bng thanh phn dinh dng ca c Basa thanh phm:

Thanh phn dinh dng trn 100g thanh phm n c
Tng
Cht am Tng lng Cht beo cha bao hoa Cholesterol

HTP06ALT

Natri

C Basa Cun

nng

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

(g)

cht beo (g)

(co DHA, EPA) (g)

(%)

(mg)

28.03

7.02

5.00

0.022

70.6

lng
cung cp
(calori)
170

http://www.google.com.vn/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=th%C3%A0nh%20ph%E1%BA%A5n
%20h%C3%B3a%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%20trong%20ca%20basa
%20&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CEkQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.agroviet.gov.vn%2F_layouts%2F1033%2FMODocuments%2F644f30f7-ffa3433a-8f81-01bbf2c82d9c~Gia%25CC%2581%2520tri%25CC%25A3%2520dinh
%2520d%25C6%25B0%25C6%25A1%25CC%2583ng%2520cu%25CC%2589a
%2520ca%25CC
%2581%2520Tra.doc&ei=LyfcTubvBYKdiAeP3539DQ&usg=AFQjCNG2rLZuUEyDZ
793vR3QnY3_JyNtzA
Basa l loi c ngon, c sn ni ting ca vng An Giang, c rt nhiu ngi
a chung. Basa sng khu vc h lu sng M Kng v c th n l mt trong nhng
loi c nc ngt c bit nht. Tht c sn, chc, thm. Hu nh ton b cm c Basa
u c th ch bin thnh mn n c, mt s mn n t c Basa nh sau:
Kh basa
C vin basa
Ch gi basa
Cho basa
Ch bp basa
Kh qua dn basa
Lu basa

HTP06ALT

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Cn rt nhiu mn ch bin t c Basa nh bao t c, ch qu basa, basa kho t, nm

ng C nhn basa, lp xng basaNgay u c, ngi ta cng ch bin c mn n
ht sc th v.
1.1.2. Cc loi rau c gia v:
1.1.2.1. Khoai:
Khoai s: Khoai s, Khoai mn - Colocasia antiquorum Schott (C. esculenta Schott,
var.

antiquorum

(Schott)

Hubb.),

thuc

Ry

- Araceae.

M t: Cy tho, c phn gc phnh thnh c ln sn si hnh trng, c th nhnh

cp 1-2-3 thnh nhiu c con st nhau. L hnh khin, di ti 20-50cm, gc hnh tim,
cung l mp, b m thn, mc ng, di ti 1-2cm. Mo c mu vng nht, ng thun,
mu lc nht, ngn, lin, phin hnh mi mc hp c mi di. Trc hoa ngn hn mo, c
4 phn, phn hoa ci di cng, tip n mt phn khng sinh sn, trn na l phn hoa
c di gp i phn hoa ci, cui cng l phn khng sinh sn, nhn mi. Hoa khng
c bao hoa; hoa c c nh t nhiu cnh, hoa ci c bu 1 , vi rt ngn. Qu mng,
ht c ni nh.

HTP06ALT

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

B phn dng: C v l - Rhizoma et Folium Colocasiae Antiquori.

+ Ni sng v thu hi: Cy mc di v cng c trng nng thn ly c n.
Ngi ta to c nhiu ging a phng, ging Mng hng, cy nh, trng
ng mu, rut c mu pht vng hay hng, n ngon, ging Mng ring, nng sut cao
nhng n nga; ging Khoai m, cy cao, c th trng trn cn hay di nc, c n
rt nga. Ni chung, Khoai s trng rung khng thot nc thng nga. Thng
c trng vo thng 11-12, thu hoch vo thng 7 Bc b. C th trng Khoai s
nhiu loi t.
+ Thnh phn ho hc: Trong 100g c khoai s ti c cha nc 60g, protid 1,8,
lipid 0,1, glucid 26,5, cellulose 1,2, tro 1,4 v 64mg calcium, 75mg phosphor, 1,5mg st,
0,02mg caroten, 0,06mg vitamin B1, 0,03mg vitamin B2, 0,1mg vitamin PP, 4mg
vitamin C. Trong 100g c Khoai s kh c 15g nc, 3,1g protid, 2,2g lipid, 73g glucid,
3,1g cellulose, 3,6g cht khong ton phn.
+ Tnh v, tc dng: C Khoai s mc di thng c mu tm, n th ph kh, khng b.
C Khoai trng c bt mu trng dnh, c v ngt hi the, trn, tnh bnh, iu ho ni
tng, h kh y, b h tn. L Khoai s v cay, tnh lnh, trn; c tc dng tr phin,
cm a.
Cng dng: C dng n cha c h lao yu sc. Ta thng luc n chng i,
nu canh vi rau Rt, cua ng hoc nu vi c qu, c dic. Dng ngoi cha phong
nga, mn m. L sc ung dng cha ph n c mang tm phin m man, thai ng
khng yn. Liu dng 20-30g, dng ring hay phi hp vi cc v thuc khc. Dng
ngoi gi l ti p cha rn cn, ong t hay mn nht. Ngoi ra, dc l c th mui
da n hay lm thc n xanh cho ln.

HTP06ALT

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

http://www.lrchueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?
url=/thuocdongy/K/KhoaiSo.htm&key=&char=K

Khoai lang v t chung:

1.1.2.3. Gia v:
gia v gm :hnh l, c hnh, tiu, bt ngt, ht nim, ng v mui

HTP06ALT

C Basa Cun

HTP06ALT

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

1.2.M t sn phm:
Sn phm hng n cc i tng: nhn vin vn phng, cng nhn v nhng ngi
khng c thi gian cho vic ch bin, loi ra cc i tng nh tr em, ngi cao tui,
n chay, nhng ngi bnh tim mch
Sn phm l s kt hp ca cc nguyn liu to sn phm mi, vi cch thc ch bin
v ng lnh bo qun, ngi tiu dng d dng ch bin khng tn nhiu thi gian
San khi chin th sn phm gin, thm, c mu vng c trng, c th dng chung vi
mt s loi nc chm:tng t
CHNG II. KHO ST THC NGHIM V X L S LIU:
2.1.Kho st thc nghim da trn cc thuc tnh ca sn phm:
2.1.1. Th nghim 1: Kho st v ca sn phm:
V ca sn phm s c chn ra t 4 loi kho st ca th nghim:
Nhm chn cc loi v ca sn phm:
1/ C cun nguyn liu bn trong v bn ngoi c qun dy hnh
2/ Dng l ci b xi cun phn v 1 sau cng qun hnh bn ngoi
3/ Dng ph tai cun
4/ Dng mu 1 ln bt t

Nguyn liu c: Nguyn liu ban u 433 g, ct lt mng v p gia v mt

cch ngu nhin (do cha lm th nghim v bc nhy ca thnh phn gia v) theo
sau:

HTP06ALT

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Mui 2g
Ht nim 1g
Bt ngt 1g
ng 1g
Tiu 0,.5g
-

Vi lng cho th s tnh ra phn trm theo khi lng nguyn liu nh sau:
Mui 0,46%
Ht nim 0.23%
Bt ngt 0.23%
ng 0.23%
Tiu 0.1%

Nguyn liu nhn:khoai s, khoai lang v t chung ct si va

phi

Mi cun sn phm c cha mt lt t chung nhm gim mi tanh ca c, v t l phi

trn nguyn liu khoai so:khoai lang theo 1:1 (200 g:200g)
-

Nguyn liu nhn cng p gia v

Mui 1g
Ht nim 0,5g
Bt ngt 0,5g

Quy trnh thc hin th nghim 1:

HTP06ALT

10

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Nguyn liu
X l
Ct lt mng
p gia v
V

Gia v

Cun

Nguyn liu nhn

Chin
nh gi
Nhn xt

Chn sn
Phm ti
u

Nhn xt sn phm sau khi chin:

1/C cun nguyn liu bn trong v bn ngoi c qun dy hnh:
Mu sn phm c mu vng nht, khng u, sn phm teo tp, kh, khng p

HTP06ALT

11

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

2/ Dng l ci b xi cun phn v 1 sau cng qun hnh bn ngoi:mi ca rau

ci khng ph hp cho sn phm, v c mu xanh m khng thch hp cho sn
phm chin
3/ Dng ph tai cun:khi chin ph tai phng lm v b bong ra, c mi tanh ca
ph tai v c
4/ Dng mu 1 ln bt t:sn phm c mu vng p, cu trcgin, khng kh.
Cho im ca thnh vin trong nhm v tnh ton:
Vi thang im cho l thang im 10 th bng im nh sau:
Mu
Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
Tng im

Mu 1
8
7
7
8
30

Mu 2
6
5
4
7
22

Mu 3
4
5
6
5
20

Mu 4
9
9
8
8
34

Vi th t cc mu l:
Mu 1:C cun nguyn liu bn trong
Mu 2: Dng l ci b xi cun phn v 1
Mu 3: Dng ph tai cun
Mu 4: Dng mu 1 ln bt t

Tnh Anova:
Anova: Single
Factor

HTP06ALT

12

C Basa Cun

SUMMARY
Groups
8
6
4
9

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Between

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Count
3
3
3
3

Sum
22
16
16
25

Average
7.333333
5.333333
5.333333
8.333333

SS

df

MS

F
8.1

Groups
Within Groups

20.25

6.75

6.666667

0.833333

Total

26.91667

11

Variance
0.333333
2.333333
0.333333
0.333333

P-value

F crit

0.00829 4.066181

Ta thy F (8,1) > F k-1, n-k, 1- (4,0)

Vy cc sn phm c s khc nhau mc ngha 5%

th so snh v vic cho im gia cc mu:

HTP06ALT

13

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

th so snh v vic cho im gia cc mu

40
35
30
25
th so snh v vic cho im
gia cc mu

20
15
10
5
0
Mu 1

Mu 2

Mu 3

Mu 4

Ta thy mu 4 l mu c s im cao nht nn chn mu 4 lm mu lm

kho st cc th nghim 2

ANOVA TWO FACTOR:

Anova: Two-Factor Without
Replication

HTP06ALT

14

C Basa Cun

SUMMARY
Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
Mu 1
Mu 2
Mu 3
Mu 4

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Coun
t
4
4
4
4

Su
m
27
26
25
28

Average
6.75
6.5
6.25
7

Variance
4.916667
3.666667
2.916667
2

4
4
4
4

30
22
20
34

7.5
5.5
5
8.5

0.333333
1.666667
0.666667
0.333333

ANOVA
Source of Variation
Rows
Columns
Error

SS
1.25
32.75
7.75

Total

41.75

df

MS
F
P-value
3 0.416667 0.483871 0.70170674
3 10.91667 12.67742 0.00139332
9 0.861111

F crit
3.862548358
3.862548358

15

Nhn xt: theo ANOVA Two Factor :gia cc mu c s khc nhau,v s tng
tc ca ngi th l ging nhau

2.1.2. Th nghim 2: Thay i t l nhn

HTP06ALT

15

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Qua th nghim 1 ta chn ra sn phm v s b thit k xong phn v ca sn phm

Vi nguyn liu c l: 650g t phn trm gia v dng p cho nguyn liu c tnh
nghim 1 th ta tnh c khi lng gia v p cho nguyn liu c l 650 g
Mui 0,46% = 0,46*650/100 = 2.9 g
Ht nim 0.23% = 0,.23*650/100 = 1,5 g
Bt ngt 0.23% = 0,.23*650/100 = 1,5 g
ng 0.23% = 0,.23*650/100 = 1,5 g
Tiu 0.1% = 0,.1*650/100 = 0,65g
V gia v dng cho nguyn liu nhn l:
Mui 0,33% = 0,66 g
Ht nim 0.16% = 0,32 g
Bt ngt 0.16% = 0,32g
T l nhn c thit k nh sau:
Ta c nh yu t t chung, v cho t l khoai lang v khoai cao chy theo bng sau:
Bng thay i t l nhn
Nguyn liu
nhn
t chung
Khoai lang
Khoai s
Mu c m
ha

Mu 1

Mu 2

Mu 3

Mu 4

Mu 5

Mu 6

Mu 7

Mu 8

Mu 9

1
1
1

1
2
1

1
2
2

1
3
2

1
3
3

1
1
2

1
2
3

1
1
3

1
3
1

651

732

984

498

849

568

492

946

749

Vi bng t l nhn trn ta chn khi lng nhn ca mi mu l 200 g th ta c bng

tnh ra khi lng nh sau:

HTP06ALT

16

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Bng thay i t l nhn theo khi lng/ 200g nguyn

liu nhn
Nguyn liu

Mu 1

Mu 2

Mu 3

Mu 4

Mu 5

Mu 6

Mu 7

Mu 8

Mu 9

66,66

50

40

33,33

28,6

50

33,33

40

40

Khoai lang (g)

66,66

100

80

100

85,7

50

66,66

40

120

Khoai s (g)
Mu c m

66,66

50

40

66,66

85,7

100

100

120

40

651

732

984

498

849

568

492

946

749

nhn
t chung (g)

ha

Bng cho im cc mu:

Mu

Mu

651

Mu

732

Mu

984

Mu

498

Mu

849

Mu

568

Mu

492

Mu

946

749

Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
Tng

3
4
3
5

5
4
5
4

6
4
6
4

6
5
7
4

5
6
4
5

8
7
6
8

5
6
4
4

5
5
4
5

5
5
7
6

im

15

18

20

22

20

29

19

19

23

Anova: Single
Factor
SUMMARY

HTP06ALT

17

C Basa Cun

Groups
3
5
6
6
5
8
5
5
5

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Count
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Sum
12
13
14
16
15
23
14
14
18

Average
4
4.333333
4.666667
5.333333
5
7.666667
4.666667
4.666667
6

Variance
1
0.333333
1.333333
2.333333
1
0.333333
1.333333
0.333333
1

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Between

SS

df

MS

P-value

F crit

Groups
Within Groups

29.40741
18

8 3.675926 3.675926 0.010378 2.510158

18
1

Total

47.40741

26

Ta thy F (3.67) > F k-1, n-k, 1- (2.5)

Vy cc sn phm c s khc nhau mc ngha 5%
ANOVA TWO FACTOR:
Anova: Two-Factor Without
Replication
SUMMARY
Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
Mu 651
Mu 732
Mu 984

HTP06ALT

Count
9
9
9
9
4
4
4

Su
m
Average Variance
48 5.333333
1.75
46 5.111111 1.111111
46 5.111111 2.111111
45
5
1.75
15
18
20

3.75 0.916667
4.5 0.333333
5 1.333333

18

C Basa Cun

Mu 498
Mu 849
Mu 568
Mu 492
Mu 946
Mu 749

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

4
4
4
4
4
4

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Rows
Columns
Error

SS
0.527778
30.55556
23.22222

Total

54.30556

22
20
29
19
19
23

5.5
5
7.25
4.75
4.75
5.75

1.666667
0.666667
0.916667
0.916667
0.25
0.916667

df

MS
F
P-value
F crit
3 0.175926 0.181818 0.907693 3.008787
8 3.819444 3.947368 0.004194 2.355081
24 0.967593
35

Nhn xt: theo ANOVA Two Factor :gia cc mu c s khc nhau,v s

tng tc ca ngi th l ging nhau

th so snh v vic cho im gia cc mu:

HTP06ALT

19

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

35

30

25

20
Series1
15

10

0
Mu 651 Mu 732 Mu 984 Mu 498 Mu 849 Mu 568 Mu 492 Mu 946 Mu 749

Ta thy mu 568 l mu c s im cao nht, nn ta ly nhng thng s th nghim

ca mu ny tip tc th nghim 3
Tuy nhin tt c thnh vin trong nhm c xut gim t l t chung xung. Bng
cch 1 ming/ 1 cun sn phm.

2.1.3. Th nghim 3: Thay i ln ca nhn

Bng thay i ln nhn nh sau:

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20

C Basa Cun

Mu
Khoai lang
Khoai s
t chung

Mu 1
Si nh
Si nh
C nh

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Mu 2
Si ln
Si nh
C nh

Mu 3
Si ln
Si ln
C nh

Mu 4
Si nh
Si ln
C nh

Vi khi lng nguyn liu c: 730g th ta c

Mui 0,46% = 3,358 g
Ht nim 0.23% = 1,7 g
Bt ngt 0.23% 100 = 1,7 g
ng 0.23% = 1,7 g
Tiu 0.1% = 0,7g
Vi khi lng nhn 400 g th theo th nghim 2 ta c lng gia v dng cho nguyn
liu nhn l:
Mui 0,33% = 1.32 g
Ht nim 0.16% = 0.64 g
Bt ngt 0.16% = 0.64g

Cng thc hin qu trnh nh gi sn phm theo thang im 10, v kt qu nh gi

theo bng sau:

HTP06ALT

21

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Mu
Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
Tng

Mu 1
6
5
4
6
21

Mu 2
8
5
6
7
26

Mu 3
9
7
8
7
31

Mu 4
7
6
5
6
24

Kt qu tnh Anova:
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups
6
8
9
7

Count
3
3
3
3

Sum
15
18
22
17

Average
5
6
7.333333
5.666667

Variance
1
1
0.333333
0.333333

Variation
Between Groups
Within Groups

SS
8.666667
5.333333

df
3
8

MS
2.888889
0.666667

F
4.333333

Total

14

11

ANOVA
Source

of
P-value
0.043175

F crit
4.066181

So snh 2 gi tr F ta thy cc mu c s khc bit

Tnh tng gi tr ca tng mu v chn ra mu c ti u cho th nghim 4

ANOVA TWO FACTOR:

Anova: Two-Factor Without
Replication
SUMMARY
Ngha

HTP06ALT

Coun
t
4

Su
m
30

Average Variance
7.5 1.66666

22

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Lnh

23

5.75

Minh

23

5.75

26

6.5

Mu 1

21

5.25

Mu 2

26

6.5

Mu 3

31

7.75

Mu 4

24

ANOVA
Source of Variation

SS

Rows

8.25

13.25

Error

4.25

Total

25.75

15

Columns

df

MS
2.75
4.41666
7
0.47222
2

7
0.91666
7
2.91666
7
0.33333
3
0.91666
7
1.66666
7
0.91666
7
0.66666
7

F
5.82352
9
9.35294
1

P-value
0.01711
5
0.00396
9

F crit
3.86254835
8
3.86254835
8

Nhn xt: theo ANOVA Two Factor :gia cc mu c s khc nhau,v s

tng tc ca ngi th l khc nhau, nn th nghim ny vic cho hi ng
nh gi cm quan c s nh hng n vic phn tch cn quan ca sn
phm

th:

HTP06ALT

23

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

tng im
35
30
25
20
tng im
15
10
5
0
Mu 1

Mu 2

Mu 3

Mu 4

Vy ta chn mu th 3 lm th nghim tip theo

2.1.4. Th nghim 4: Thay i t l gia v p nguyn liu c

Qua cc th nghim trn ta chn c v, t l nhn, ln nhn c xem l thch
hp nht cho sn phm
Tng khi lng nguyn c 1210 g
Nguyn liu nhn 400g
Th nghim 4 thay i t l gia v bng cch c nh cc yu t ht nim, bt ngt,
.Thay i yu t ng, mui v tiu.
Ta c bng thit k nh sau:

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24

C Basa Cun

Mu
ng %
Mui %
Tiu %
Bt ngt %
Ht nim %
M ha

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Mu 1
0.03
0.26
0
0.23
0.23
592

Mu 2
0.13
0.36
0.05
0.23
0.23
716

Mu 3
0.23
0.46
0.1
0.23
0.23
843

Mu 4
0.33
0.56
0.2
0.23
0.23
578

Mu 5
0.43
0.36
0.1
0.23
0.23
914

Mu 6
0.53
0.76
0.3
0.23
0.23
263

Bng tnh ra khi lng:

Mu
Mu 1
Mu 2
Mu 3
Mu 4
Mu 5
Mu 6
ng (g)
0.06
0.26
0.46
0.66
0.86
1.06
Mui (g)
0.52
0.72
0.92
1.12
0.72
1.52
Tiu (g)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Bt ngt (g)
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
Ht nim (g)
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
M ha
592
716
843
578
914
263
Bng cho im:
Mu
Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
Tng

592
3
4
5
5
17

716
5
6
4
6
21

843
6
7
6
5
24

578
8
7
7
8
30

914
4
6
5
4
19

263
3
4
5
5
17

Tnh anova:
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY

HTP06ALT

25

C Basa Cun

Groups

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Count
3
5
6
8
4
3

Sum
14
16
18
22
15
14

3
3
3
3
3
3

Average
4.666667
5.333333
6
7.333333
5
4.666667

Variance
0.333333
1.333333
1
0.333333
1
0.333333

MS
3.166667
0.722222

F
4.384615

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

SS
15.83333
8.666667

df
5
12

24.5

P-value
0.016735

F crit
3.105875

17

So snh 2 gi tr F ta thy cc mu c s khc bit

ANOVA TWO FACTOR:
Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

SUMMARY
Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
mu 592
mu 716
mu 843
mu 578
mu 914
mu 263

6
6
6
6

Su
m
29
34
32
33

Average
4.833333
5.666667
5.333333
5.5

Variance
3.766667
1.866667
1.066667
1.9

4
4
4
4
4
4

17
21
24
30
19
17

4.25
5.25
6
7.5
4.75
4.25

0.916667
0.916667
0.666667
0.333333
0.916667
0.916667

Count

ANOVA
Source of Variation
Rows
Columns
Error

SS
2.333333
31.33333
11.66667

Total

45.33333

HTP06ALT

df
3
5
15

MS
0.777778
6.266667
0.777778

F
1
8.057143

P-value
0.419866
0.000728

F crit
3.287382
2.901295

23

26

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Nhn xt: theo ANOVA Two Factor: gia cc mu c s khc nhau,v s

tng tc ca ngi th l ging nhau

35

30

25

20
Series1
15

10

0
mu 592

mu 716

mu 843

mu 578

mu 914

mu 263

Ta chn mu 578 lm th nghim tip theo. Do mu c s im cao nht.

HTP06ALT

27

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

2.1.5. Th nghim 5: Xem xt li sn phm, thit k li sn phm

Nguyn nhn:Do sn phm l sn phm cp ng, nn khng th nhng bt
t ri mang i cp ng.v bt s chy,mt cm quan cho sn phm, nh vy gi
ca sn phm s thp
Khc phc:ta ln bt t sau ln o li mt lp bt x bn ngoi, tng
tnh cm quan v gi bn cho sn phm
Thc hin:sn phm sau khi cun em i ng, sau mang ra o li bt v
em i ng li.
Xt lng nc cho bt t nh hng n sn phm:
Cc th nghim trc cho 122 ml nc vo 170 g bt. th nghim 5 ta xt lng
nc nh hng n tnh cht chy ca bt t.

Bng thit k th nghim lng nc nh sau:

% lng
nc
khi lng
bt (g)

55

59

63

67

71

75

79

83

87

75.5

75.5

75.5

75.5

75.5

75.5

75.5

75.5

75.5

Tnh ra s ml cho vo:

% lng nc
cho 75.5 g bt/
mu
s ml nc
m ha

HTP06ALT

55

59

63

67

71

75

79

83

87

41.525

44.545

47.565

50.585

53.605

56.625

59.645

62.665

65.685

592

716

843

891

426

357

167

914

438

28

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Bng cho im cc mu khi ln sn phm

(xt v chy ca bt)
mu

592

716

843

891

426

357

167

914

438

Ngha

Lnh

Minh

Tng

14

13

20

23

24

22

26

31

27

Tnh Anova:
Anova: Single
Factor
SUMMARY
Groups

Count
3
3
6
6
7
6
7
8
8

ANOVA
Source of

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Sum
11
10
14
17
17
16
19
23
19

Average
3.666667
3.333333
4.666667
5.666667
5.666667
5.333333
6.333333
7.666667
6.333333

Variance
2.333333
2.333333
0.333333
1.333333
2.333333
2.333333
2.333333
0.333333
0.333333

Variation
Between Groups
Within Groups

SS

df

MS

P-value

F crit

44.51852
28

8
18

5.564815
1.555556

3.577381

0.011759

2.510158

Total

72.51852

26

HTP06ALT

29

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

im
35
30
25
20
im
15
10
5
0
mu 592 mu 716 mu 843 mu 891 mu 426 mu 357 mu 167 mu 914 mu 438

Ta thy cc mu c s khc nhau:

V mu 914 c s im cao nht, nn chn lng nc cho vo bt nh t l ca
mu 914 l ti u nht.

HTP06ALT

30

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

ANOVA TWO FACTOR:

Anova: Two-Factor Without
Replication
SUMMARY
Ngha
Lnh
Minh
L
mu 592
mu 716
mu 843
mu 891
mu 426
mu 357
mu 167
mu 914
mu 438

Count
9
9
9
9
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Rows
Columns
Error

SS
2.444444
68.88889
31.55556

Total

102.8889

HTP06ALT

Su
m
Average Variance
54
6
3.5
48 5.333333
3.5
49 5.444444 2.027778
49 5.444444 3.527778
14
13
20
23
24
22
26
31
27

3.5
3.25
5
5.75
6
5.5
6.5
7.75
6.75

1.666667
1.583333
0.666667
0.916667
2
1.666667
1.666667
0.25
0.916667

df

MS
F
P-value
F crit
3 0.814815 0.619718 0.609055 3.008787
8 8.611111 6.549296 0.000151 2.355081
24 1.314815
35

31

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Nhn xt: theo ANOVA Two Factor: gia cc mu c s khc nhau,v s

tng tc ca ngi th l ging nhau

2.1.6.nh gi cm quan cho sn phm cui:

2.1.6.1.Tng kt cc s liu lin quan n sn phm t cc th nghim 1,2,3,4,5:
BNG THNG K TH NGHIM

Th nghim
TN1
TN2

Xc nh
V
T l nhn

TN3
TN4

ln nhn
T l gia v

Ln bt t +bt x
t chung
Khoai lang
Khoai s
Si ln
ng (%)
Mui (%)
Tiu (%)
Bt ngt (%)
Ht nim (%)

Tnh

Mu c

ton

chn
Mu 4
Mu 568

1
1
2
0.33
0.56
0.2
0.23
0.23

Mu 3
Mu 578

Lng nc dng
TN5

trongbt t

Lng nc (%)

83

Mu 914

Tt c cc th nghim trn c thng nht cho sn phm cui v lm sn phm

cui.Sau nh gi cm quan theo th hiu ngi dng th
To sn phm cui:
Khi lng nguyn liu c: 2000g
Vi khi lng nguyn liu c: 730g th ta c
Mui 0,56% = 11.2g
Ht nim 0.23% = 4.6g

HTP06ALT

32

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Bt ngt 0.23% 100 = 4.6 g

ng 0.33% = 6.6 g
Tiu 0.2% = 4 g
2.2.nh gi cm quan da trn sn phm cui cng:
2.2.1.Thit k phiu nh gi cm quan:
Phiu nh gi cm quan c thit k nh sau:

HTP06ALT

33

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

PHIU NH GI CM QUAN
Xin cho bn !
Chng ti ang tin hnh nghin cu nh gi sn phm ca nhm, rt mong s hp tc ca
bn nhm chng ti hon thin hn v sn phm ca mnh.
Bn s nhn c mt mu sn phm (c cun ph qu) sau bn hy dng th v nh
gi sn phm.
M t sn phm:
Sn phm ca nhm l s kt hp cc loi nguyn liu qua qu trnh ch bin.
- mu vng c trng ca qu trnh chin
- v hi ha
- cu trc gin
- mi ca c (nhng khng qu tanh)
- mc a thch ca bn i vi sn phm
Phn nh gi mc yu thch:
Bn hy nh gi mc a thch ca bn theo thang im sau:
1:rt ght 2: ght
3: khng thch, khng ght
4: thch 5: rt thch
1/ Bn c thch mu ca sn phm ny khng ?
1
2
3
4
5
2/ Bn c thch v ca sn phm khng ?
1
2
3
4
5
3/ Bn nhn thy cu trc ca sn phm nh th no ?
1
2
3
4
5
4/ Bn c thch mi ca sn phm hay khng ?
1
2
3
4
5
5/ Nu nh gi theo mc a thch ca bn th im ca sn phm l ?
1
2
3
4
5
6/ Bn c xut g cho sn phm m bn va dng th khng ?
.
.
Cm n s hp tc v gp t Bn !
nh gi mc yu thch ca ngi tiu dng bng php th cho im th hiu.
i tng l 35 sinh vin trng H Cng Nghip

HTP06ALT

34

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Kt qu nh sau:
Ngi
th
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

Cu 1
4
3
4
2
3
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
5
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
4
3
4
4
4
5
3

HTP06ALT

Cu 2
3
3
5
3
4
3
4
5
4
3
4
5
3
4
3
3
4
5
3
4
4
5
4
5
4
2
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
4
5
3
3
4

Cu 3
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
5
4
3
3
3
4
5
4
3
5
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
4
4
3
4
3

Cu 4
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
2
2
3
2
3
4
3
3
4
4
2
3
2
3
4
3
3
4

Cu 5
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
5
4
4
4
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
4
4
4
2
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
3

35

C Basa Cun

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Tng

3
5
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
2
4
4
4
4
2
4
237

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

3
4
4
5
3
4
3
3
4
3
5
4
4
4
5
5
4
3
4
228

3
4
3
4
4
4
2
2
5
2
5
5
5
3
4
4
4
4
5
221

3
5
2
5
5
4
4
4
5
4
4
3
4
4
5
5
4
2
4
224

3
4
3
4
4
5
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
242

Biu t l mc a thch trn tng thuc tnh:

Thuc
tnh
Mu

Cu trc

Mi

S ngi
Mc
rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng

1
2

0
3

Tnh ra %
0
4.91803279

thch
thch
rt thch
rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng

3
4
5
1
2

10
39
9
0
4

16.3934426
63.9344262
14.7540984
0
6.55737705

thch
thch
rt thch
rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng

3
4
5
1
2

19
27
11
1
6

31.147541
44.2622951
18.0327869
1.63934426
9.83606557

thch
thch
rt thch
rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng

3
4
5
1
2
3

17
28
9
0
7
15

27.8688525
45.9016393
14.7540984
0
11.4754098
24.5901639

HTP06ALT

im

chn

36

C Basa Cun

a thch

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

thch
thch
rt thch
rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng

4
5
1
2

30
9
0
1

49.1803279
14.7540984
0
1.63934426

thch
thch
rt thch

3
4
5

11
38
11

18.0327869
62.295082
18.0327869

Mu:

0
14.7

16.4

4.9
rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng thch
thch
rt thch

64

HTP06ALT

37

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

V:

0
18.1
31
rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng thch
thch
rt thch
6.6
44.3

HTP06ALT

38

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Cu trc:

1.7
14.8

9.8

rt ght
ght
27.8

khng ght, khng thch

thch
rt thch

45.9

HTP06ALT

39

C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Mi :

0
14.8

11.5

rt ght
24.6

ght
khng ght, khng thch
thch
rt thch

49.1

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C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Mc a thch:
0
1.7
18

18

rt ght
ght
khng ght, khng thch
thch
rt thch

62.3

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C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Mt s nhn xt ca ngi th:

THUC TNH
Mu

KIN NHN XT

Mu sc p
Mu cha t
Mu vng c trng
Mu sc vng p

Ci thin v ca sn phm mt cht

Cn hi mn
Hi mn
Thm rau v hng v vo tng hng cho sn
phm
V t

Cu trc

Cu trc cha ng nht

Cu trc khng chc
v ngoi cng
Sn phm hi cng
V ngoi hi cng
Sn phm c v ngoi gin
Sn phm chin gin
Cha gin

Mi

Cn hi tanh mi ca c

Nu khng c mi tanh ca c th s ngon hn

Cn hi tanh
Cn x l mi ca c
Cn mi
Cu thay hnh bng th khc s khng b hng
Nhn xt
chung chung

Ti thy sn phm cng c

Tm c

xut:
* Da trn nhng nhn xt ca nhng ngi th cm quan ta thy c nhng nhc v
u im ca sn phm, i vi nhng nhn xt cha ng cho sn phm y l nhng

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C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

yu t m sn phm cha p ng c th hiu ca ngi tiu dng, cn phi khc

phc v thc hin tip cc th nghim ci bin nhng nhc im ca sn phm.
khc phc cc nhc im trn nhm cn kho st cc th nghim loi mi ca
c, ci thin v sn phm, xem li mu sc chin. Kho st mu ca sn phm vi nhit
v thi gian chin, xem xt cu trc.
* Nu c thi gian v iu kin thit b tt nhm s tin hnh kho st tip nh sau:
- Kim tra cc ch tiu ha l ca sn phm: m, hm lng cht bo, hm lng
protein.
- Kim tra ch tiu vi sinh ca sn phm: Tng vi sinh vt hiu kh, Salmonella,
E.Coli, Coliform, Staphylococcus.
- Kho st nh hng ca ch chin nh hng n tnh cht sn phm ca sn
phm.
- Kho st thi gian

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C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

CHNG IV. LA CHN QUY TRNH TI U CHO SN PHM:

4.1.Quy trnh ca sn phm

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C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Nguyn liu
X l
Ct lt mng
Gia v
NL nhn,hnh
l

p gia v
Cun
Cp ng
Ln bt (t,x)

Bt

Cp ng
nh lng
Bao gi

Hp

Dn nhn

Nhn

Bo qun

Sn
phm

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GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

4.2 Thit k bao b sn phm

Bao b ca sn phm c thit k nh sau:

K LT : 273 g

S Xti c n gtyTn T hn h
a c h: 2 8 0Bi Hu N g ha, P 2, Q B T ,T PCHM
T: 0 8 3 . 5 1 0 3 3 6 8
T vn k hc hhn g :0 9 8 8 6 7 0 0 3 3

4.3 Tnh gi cho sn phm

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C Basa Cun

GVHD:TS Nguyn Th Thanh Bnh

Tnh gi cho sn phm 273 g/hp

Nguyn liu
C
Khoai lang,s
Gia v
Bt

n gi (1kg)
50 000
25 000
100 000
35 000

Khi lng (g)

185
55
3
30

Thnh tin (VN ng)

9 250
1 375
3 000
1 050

10% nguyn liu

1 467
3 500
1 500
750
21 892

in nc, khu hao

thit b
Nhn, bao b
Hp
Lng NV/1sp
Tng

200
1 500
750

4.4 Mt s hnh nh trong th nghim:

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