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Nh m c ch s tng hp protein ca mng t boc ch nhim v boc ch s thnh lp vch t

TN Bacitracin Vancomysin Ristocetin Novobiocin Penicilins Cephalosporins Cyscloserin Amphotericin B Colistin Nystatin Polymyxins -

C CH TC D NG c ch giai on u ca vic tng hp peptidoglycan (xy ra trong t bo cht nn thuc phi ngm qua mng mi c tc dng).

Gn khong 3-6 th th PBP vo vk. (Trong c th th l enzyme transpeptidase).

- Phong b trans-peptidase ngn chn tng hp peptidoglycan.

Enzym t tiu (autolytic enzyme) c hot ho gy s ly gii ca t bo mt ng trng. Cc th proto-plast v spheroplast c to ra trong mi trng u trng.

Phong b alanineracemase, lm enzyme ny khng gn D-alanine vo chui polypeptit ca mng.

Imidazoles

c ch s tng hp lipid lm suy yu s ton vn ca mng.

Amikacin Gentamycin Kanamycin Neomycin Netilmicin Streptomycin Tobramycin Tetracyclines

Amioglycosides

Gn th th chuyn bit vo tiu n v 30S ca ribo th. Phong b aa m u. To ra protein khng c chc nng Lm v cc polysome thnh monosome khng c kh nng tng hp protein.

Gn vo ribo 30S, ngn chn cc aa mi ni vo chui polypeptit. Gn vo ribo 30S, c ch peptidyl-tranferase, ngn chn aa mi gn vo chui. Gn vo ribo 50S v tr 23S rARN, ngn cn thnh lp aa m u.

Chloramphenicol Macrolides Erythromycin Oleandomycin

Lincomycins

Lincomycin Clindamycin Actinomycin c ch hiu qu s tng hp DNA: Gn vo DNA to phc hp c ch polymerase tng hp mRNA. Gy c ch c trn Gn vo 2 mch DNA lm chng khng tch ri c khng sao chp c. Gn cht vo cc polymerase ngn chn tng hp RNA.

c ch s tng hp acid nucleic

Mitomycin Rifampin Nalidixic acid

t bo ng vt nn t c s dng.

Phong b DNA-gyrase
Oxolinic Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Pyrimethamine C cu trc tng t PABA (PABA l tin cht tng hp acid folic), c th cnh tranh vi PABA ngn cn s tng hp acid folic c ch dihydrofolic acid reductase, ngn chn enzyme ny kh dihydrofolic thnh tetrahydrofolate. Tng t trimethoprim nhng li c tc dng c trn ng vt hu nh.

2. Cc h khng sinh: Sulfonamides, -lactamines, Aminoglycosides, Tetracylins, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Rifamycin, Polypeptides, Quinolones v mt s nhm khc (Vancomycin, Ristocetin mt s thuc chng lao, nm, virus). 3. Cc c ch khng thu c: - Vk sn xut enzyme ph hu hot tnh thuc - Vk lm thay i kh nng thm thu ca mng i vi thuc. - Thay i cu trc im gn thuc - Thay i ng bin dng lm thuc mt tc dng - Enzym ca vk b thay i. 4. M t s enzyme do vi khu n ti t ra khng thu c: - -lactamase gip vk khng Penicilin G - Ademylydase, phosphorylase, acetylase gip vk khng Aminoglycosides. - Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gip vk khng Chloramphenicol. 5. Ngu n g c c a s khng thu c: Khng do di truyn ( khng gi_khng sinh khng tip xc c vi vk; khng t nhin) v do di truyn ( khng do NST v khng do Plasmid). 6. Phn bi t khng do NST v do Plasmid: khng do NST khng do Plasmid Gp nhm ks: Quinolon, Furan, Polypeptid, Rifampicin Cc nhm cn li Do t pht Do cm ng vi ks Tn sut xy ra: 10-7 10-12 T l xy ra: 10 20% 10-6 10-7 T l xy ra: 80 90% Tnh c hiu: Cao. Ch xy ra vi 1 loi ks khng nhiu khng sinh

Kh nng di truyn:

Theo chiu dc

Theo chiu dc (cng h) v ngang (khc h)

7. C ch lan truy n gen khng c a vk: - Trong mt t bo: thng qua c ch ti t hp v chuyn v tr ca transposon. - Gia cc t bo: + Chuyn th: chuyn mnh DNA ngoi lai t vk ny sang vk kia. + Chuyn np: DNA plasmid c truyn thong qua phage. + Chuyn v: DNA plasmid c gn vo NST ca vk khc + Giao phi: vt cht di truyn t vk gii F+ sang vk gii F-. - Trong qun th VSV: dng khng thuc c gi li trong qun th. - Trong qun th k ch: thong qua yu t mi trng lan truyn. 8. khng cho: VK c kh nng khng 2 hay nhiu loi ks khc nhau. 9. Cc bi n php gi i h n s khng thu c c a vi khu n: - Dng ks ng ch nh - Chn ks theo ks , u tin chn ks ph hp, khuch tn tt. - Duy tr liu lng ks trong m cao. - S dng phi hp ks. - Hn ch s dng ks trnh vk quen thuc. - Ngn nga s ly lan ca vk bng kh trng, tit trng. - Gim st s khng s dng ks hp l. 10. Cc lo i tc d ng khi s d ng ph i h p ks: hip ng, hp cng, khng thay i, i khng. 11. M t s lo i ks s d ng c tc d ng hi p ng: -lactamin + aminoglycoside, Glycopeptid + aminoglycoside, Sulfamide + trimethoprim, -lactamin + fluoroquinolon, Rifampicin + vancomycin. 12. M t s lo i ks s d ng c tc d ng i khng: Aminoglycoside + chloramphenicol, Aminoglycoside + tetracycline, Quinolon + chlormphenicol, Penicillin G / ampicillin + tetracycline, Penicillin G / ampicillin + macrolide.

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