Cac Chu de Vat Li12

Phng Php Gii Ton Vt L 12
Phn 1. DAO NG C HC
Ch 1 . DAO NG IU HA.CON LC L XO
A. KIN THC C BN.
1. Phng trnh dao ng c dng :
. ( ) x Acos t +
Trong : + A l bin dao ng.
+
l vn tc gc, n v (rad/s).
+
l pha ban u ( l pha thi im t = 0),n v (rad).

+ x l li dao ng thi im t.
+ (
.t +
) l pha dao ng ( l pha thi im t).
2. Vn tc trong dao ng iu ho.
'
. .sin( ) cos( )
2
v x A t A t

+ + + ;
+ v bin thin cng tn s, sm pha / 2 so vi x.
+ v
max
= A x = 0 ( Ti VTCB )
+ v
min
= 0 x = t A ( Ti hai bin )
3. Gia tc trong dao ng iu ho.
' " 2 2
. . ( . ) . a v x A cos t x +
+ a bin thin iu ha cng tn s, ngc pha so vi x
+ a
max
=
2
A x = t A ( Ti hai bin )
+ a
min
= 0 x = 0 ( Ti VTCB )
+
a
r
lun c hng v VTCB. A lun ngc du vi x
4. th:
) (t x
,
) (t v
,
) (t a
:
- Gi s vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh l:
) cos( + t A x
.
- n gin, ta chn = 0, ta c: t A x cos .
t A x a t A t A x v
cos ' ' )

2
cos( sin '
2
.
- Vn tc v v gia tc a cng bin thin iu ha vi cng tn s gc . Kho st ton hc ta v c
th:

- th cng cho thy sau mi chu k dao ng th ta x, vn tc v v gia tc a lp li gi tr c.
Mt s gi tr c bit ca x, v, a nh sau:
t 0 T/4 T/2 3T/4 T
x A 0 -A 0 A
v 0 -A 0 A 0
a A
2
0 A
2
0 A
2

Nguyn nh Khang
1
5. Cc h thc lin h c lp thi gian gia x , v, a:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
; 1; .
.
v x v
A x v A x
A A

+ + t

+
2 2
2
4 2

a v
A
6. Chu k dao ng:
2. 1
2. . .
m
T
k f

7. Tn s dao ng :
1 1
. .
2. 2.
k
f
T m

8. Lc trong dao ng iu ho :
+ Lc n hi :
. . . os( . ) .
dh
F k l x k l Ac t t t +

+ Lc phc hi :
2 2
. . . . . . os( . ).
ph
F k x m x m Ac t +

9. Nng lng trong dao ng iu ho : E = E
+ E
t
Trong : + E
=
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
. . . . . . os ( . ). os (2 . 2 )
2 2 4 4
mv m A c t kA kA c t + + + L ng nng ca
vt dao ng.
E

bin thin tun hon vi tn s
= 2
+ E
t
=
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
. . . . .sin ( . ) .cos (2 . 2 ).
2 2 4 4
k x k A t kA kA t + + L th nng ca vt dao
ng
( Th nng n hi ).
E
t
bin thin tun hon vi tn s
= 2

2 2 2
1 1
. . . . .
2 2
d t
E E E m A k A const + .
10. Cc loi dao ng : + Dao ng tun hon. + Dao ng iu ho.
+ Dao ng t do. + Dao ng tt dn.
+ Dao ng cng bc. + S t dao ng.
Nguyn nh Khang
2
B. BI TP
DNG 1. XC NH CC C IM TRONG DAO NG IU HO
I.Phng php.
+ Nu u bi cho phng trnh dao ng ca mt vt di dng c bn :
. os( . ), x Ac t +
th ta ch cn a ra cc i lng cn tm nh : A, x,
.
+ Nu u bi cho phng trnh dao ng ca mt vt di dng khng c bn th ta phi p dng cc php
bin i lng gic hoc php i bin s ( hoc c hai) a phng trnh v dng c bn ri tin
hnh lm nh trng hp trn.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1 . Cho cc phng trnh dao ng iu ho nh sau. Xc nh A, , , f ca cc dao ng iu ho ?
a) 5. os(4. . )
6
x c t

+ (cm). b) 5. os(2. . )
4
x c t

+ (cm).
c)
5. os( . ) x c t
(cm). d) 10.sin(5. . )
3
x t

+ (cm).
L i Gii:
a) 5. os(4. . )
6
x c t

+ (cm). 5( ); 4. ( / ); ( );
6
A cm Rad s Rad

2. 2. 1 1
0, 5( ); 2( )
4. 0, 5
T s f Hz
T

b)
5.
5. os(2. . ) 5. os(2. . ) 5. os(2. . ).
4 4 4
x c t c t c t

+ + + + (cm).
5.
5( ); 2. ( / ); ( )
4
A cm rad s Rad

2. 1
1( ); 1( ). T s f Hz
T

c)
5. os( . )( ) 5. os( . )( ) x c t cm c t cm +

2.
5( ); ( / ); ( ); 2( ); 0, 5( ). A cm Rad s Rad T s f Hz

d) 10.sin(5. . ) 10. os(5. . ) 10. os(5. . )
3 3 2 6
x t cm c t cm c t cm

+ + .
2. 1
10( ); 5. ( / ); ( ); 0.4( ); 2, 5( )
6 5. 0, 4
A cm Rad s Rad T s f Hz

.
B i 2 . Cho cc chuyn ng c m t bi cc phng trnh sau:
a)
5. ( . ) 1 x cos t +
(cm) b)
2
2.sin (2. . )
6
x t

+ (cm) c)
3.sin(4. . ) 3. (4. . ) x t cos t +
(cm)
Chng minh rng nhng chuyn ng trn u l nhng dao ng iu ho. Xc nh bin , tn s, pha
ban u, v v tr cn bng ca cc dao ng .
Li Gii
a)
5. ( . ) 1 x cos t +

1 5. ( . ) x cos t
.
t x-1 = X. ta c
5. os( . ) X c t

l mt dao ng iu ho
Vi 5( ); 0, 5( ); 0( )
2. 2.
A cm f Hz Rad

VTCB ca dao ng l :
0 1 0 1( ). X x x cm
b)
2
2.sin (2. . ) 1 (4. . )
6 3
x t cos t

+ +
t X = x-1 os(4. . ) os(4 )
6 3
X c t c t

+
l mt dao ng iu ho.
Nguyn nh Khang
3
Vi
4.
1( ); 2( ); ( )
2. 2. 3
A cm f s Rad

c)
3.sin(4. . ) 3. (4. . ) 3.2sin(4. ). ( ) 3. 2.sin(4. . )( ) 3 2 os(4. . )( )
4 4 4 4
x t cos t t cos x t cm c t cm

+ + +
l mt dao ng iu ho. Vi
4.
3. 2( ); 2( ); ( )
2. 4
A cm f s Rad

B i 3. Hai dao ng iu ho cng phng , cng tn s, c cc phng trnh dao ng l:
1
3. os( . )
4
x c t

(cm) v
2
4. os( . )
4
x c t

+ (cm) . Bin ca dao ng tng hp hai dao ng trn l:
A. 5 cm. B. 7 cm. C. 1 cm. D. 12 cm.
B i 4 . Hai dao ng cng phng , cng tn s :
1
2 . os( . )
3
x a c t

+ (cm) v
2
. os( . ) x a c t +
(cm) . Hy vit phng trnh tng hp ca hai phng
trnh thnh phn trn? A. . 2. os( . )
2
x a c t

+ (cm). B. . 3. os( . )
2
x a c t

+ (cm).
C.
3.
. os( . )
2 4
a
x c t

+ (cm). D.
2.
. os( . )
4 6
a
x c t

+ (cm).

DNG 2. XC NH LI , VN TC, GIA TC, LC PHC HI MT
THI IM HAY NG VI PHA CHO
I. Phng php.
+ Mun xc nh x, v, a, F
ph
mt thi im hay ng vi pha d cho ta ch cn thay t hay pha cho vo
cc cng thc :
. ( . ) x Acos t +
hoc
.sin( . ) x A t +
;
. .sin( . ) v A t +
hoc
. . ( . ) v A cos t +

2
. . ( . ) a A cos t + hoc
2
. .sin( . ) a A t + v
.
ph
F k x
.
+ Nu xc nh c li x, ta c th xc nh gia tc, lc phc hi theo biu thc nh sau :
2
. a x v
2
. . .
ph
F k x m x
+ Ch : - Khi
0; 0;
ph
v a F o f f f
: Vn tc, gia tc, lc phc hi cng chiu vi chiu dng trc to
.
- Khi
0; 0; 0
ph
v a F p p p
: Vn tc , gia tc, lc phc hi ngc chiu vi chiu dng trc to
.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1 . Mt cht im c khi lng m = 100g dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh : 5. os(2. . )
6
x c t

+
(cm) . Ly
2
10. Xc nh li , vn tc, gia tc, lc phc hi trong cc trng hp sau :
a) thi im t = 5(s).
b) Khi pha dao ng l 120
0
.
Li Gii
T phng trnh 5. os(2. . )
6
x c t

+ (cm)
5( ); 2. ( / ) A cm Rad s
Vy
2 2
. 0,1.4. 4( / ). k m N m
Nguyn nh Khang
4
Ta c
'
. . ( . ) 5.2. . (2. . ) 10. . (2. . )
6 6
v x A cos t cos t cos t

+ + +
a) Thay t= 5(s) vo phng trnh ca x, v ta c :
5.sin(2. .5 ) 5.sin( ) 2, 5( ).
6 6
x cm

+

3
10. . (2. .5 ) 10. . ( ) 10. . 5. 30
6 6 2
v cos cos

+ (cm/s).

2 2
2 2
. 4. .2, 5 100( ) 1( )
cm m
a x
s s
.
Du chng t gia tc ngc chiu vi chiu dng trc to .

2
. 4.2, 5.10 0,1( ).
ph
F k x N

Du chng t Lc phc hi ngc chiu vi chiu dng trc to .
b) Khi pha dao ng l 120
0
thay vo ta c :
- Li :
0
5.sin120 2, 5. 3 x (cm).
- Vn tc :
0
10. . 120 5. v cos (cm/s).
- Gia tc :
2 2
. 4. .2, 5. 3 3 a x (cm/s
2
).
- Lc phc hi : . 4.2, 5. 3 0,1. 3
ph
F k x (N).
B i 2 . To ca mt vt bin thin theo thi gian theo nh lut :
4. (4. . ) x cos t
(cm). Tnh tn s dao
ng , li v vn tc ca vt sau khi n bt u dao ng c 5 (s).
Li Gii
T phng trnh
4. (4. . ) x cos t
(cm)
Ta c : 4 ; 4. ( / ) 2( )
2.
A cm Rad s f Hz
.
- Li ca vt sau khi dao ng c 5(s) l :
4. (4. .5) 4 x cos
(cm).
- Vn tc ca vt sau khi dao ng c 5(s) l :
'
4. .4.sin(4. .5) 0 v x
B i 3 . Phng trnh ca mt vt dao ng iu ho c dng :
6.sin(100. . ) x t +
.
Cc n v c s dng l centimet v giy.
a) Xc nh bin , tn s, vn tc gc, chu k ca dao ng.
b) Tnh li v vn tc ca dao ng khi pha dao ng l -30
0
.
B i 4. Mt vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh : 4.sin(10. . )
4
x t

+ (cm).
a) Tm chiu di ca qu o, chu k, tn s.
b) Vo thi im t = 0 , vt ang u v ang di chuyn theo chiu no? Vn tc bng bao nhiu?
DNG 3. CT GHP L XO
I. Phng php.
B i ton : Mt l xo c chiu di t nhin l
0
, cng l k
0
, c ct ra thnh hai l xo c chiu di v
cng tng ng l : l
1
, k
1
v l
2
, k
2
. Ghp hai l xo vi nhau. Tm cng ca h l xo c ghp.
Nguyn nh Khang
5
m
k
1
,l
1
k
2
,l
2
L i gii :
+ Trng hp 1 : Ghp ni tip hai l xo (l
1
, k
1
) v ( l
2
,k
2
).

1 2
1 2
dh dh
F F F
l l l

+
Ta c
1 1 1 2 2 2
. ; . ; .
dh dh
F k l F k l F k l
.
1 2
1 2
1 2
; ; .
dh dh
F F F
l l l
k k k

Vy ta c :
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 1 1
dh dh
F F F
k k k k k k
+ +
(1)
+ Trng hp 2 : Ghp song song hai l xo (l
1
, k
1
) v ( l
2
,k
2
).

1 2
1 2
dh dh
F F F
l l l
+

1 1 2 2 1 2
. . . k l k l k l k k k + +
(2)
Ch : cng ca vt n hi c xc nh theo biu thc : .
S
k E
l
(3)
Trong : + E l sut Yng, n v : Pa,
2 2
;1 1
N N
Pa
m m
.
+ S l tit din ngang ca vt n hi, n v : m
2
.
+ l l chiu di ban u ca vt n hi, n v : m.
T (3) ta c : k
0
.l
0
= k
1
.l
1
= k
2
.l
2
= Const = E.S.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1 . Mt vt khi lng m treo vo l xo c cng k
1
= 30(N/m) th dao ng vi chu k T
1
= 0,4(s)
.Nu mc vt m trn vo l xo c cng k
2
= 60(N/m) th n dao ng vi chu k T
2
= 0,3(s). Tm chu k
dao ng ca m khi mc m vo h l xo trong hai trng hp:
a) Hai l xo mc ni tip. b) Hai l xo mc song song.
Bi 2. Hai l xo L
1
,L
2
c cng chiu di t nhin. khi treo mt vt c khi lng m=200g bng l xo L
1
th
n dao ng vi chu k T
1
= 0,3(s); khi treo vt m bng l xo L
2
th n dao ng vi chu k
T
2
=0,4(s).
1.Ni hai l xo trn vi nhau thnh mt l xo di gp i ri treo vt m trn vo th vt m s dao ng vi
chu k bao nhiu? Mun chu k dao ng ca vt
'
1 2
1
( )
2
T T T + th phi tng hay gim khi lng m bao
nhiu?
2. Ni hai l xo vi nhau bng c hai u c mt l xo c cng di ri treo vt m trn th chu k
dao ng l bng bao nhiu? Mun chu k dao ng ca vt l 0,3(s) th phi tng hay gim khi lng vt
m bao nhiu?
B i 3 . Mt l xo OA=l
0
=40cm, cng k
0
= 100(N/m). M l mt im treo trn l xo vi OM = l
0
/4.
1. Treo vo u A mt vt c khi lng m = 1kg lm n dn ra, cc im A v M n v tr A
v M
.Tnh
OA
v OM
.Ly g = 10 (m/s
2
).
2. Ct l xo ti M thnh hai l xo . Tnh cng tng ng ca mi on l xo.
3. Cn phi treo vt m cu 1 vo im no n dao ng vi chu k T =
. 2
10
s.
B i 4 . Khi gn qu nng m
1
vo l xo , n dao ng vi chu k T
1
= 1,2s. Khi gn qu nng m
2
vo l xo , n
dao ng vi chu k T
2
= 1,6s. Hi sau khi gn ng thi c hai vt nng m
1
v m
2
vo l xo th chng dao
ng vi chu k bng bao nhiu?
DNG 4. VIT PHNG TRNH DAO NG IU HO
I. Phng php.
Phng trnh dao ng c dng :
. ( . ) x Acos t +
hoc
.sin( . ) x A t +
.
Nguyn nh Khang
6
k
1
,
l
1
m
1. Tm bin dao ng A: Da vo mt trong cc biu thc sau:
+
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
1
. ; . ; . . . ; . . ;
2
max max max
v
v A a A F m A k A E k A A x
+ (1)
+ Nu bit chiu di ca qu o l l th
2
l
A .
+ Nu bit qung ng i c trong mt chu k l s th
4
s
A .
Ch : A > 0.
2. Tm vn tc gc
: Da vo mt trong cc biu thc sau :

+
2.
2. .
k
f
T m
.
+ T (1) ta cng c th tm c
nu bit cc i lng cn li.

Ch : -Trong thi gian t vt thc hin n dao ng, chu k ca dao ng l :
t
T
n
> 0 ; n v : Rad/s
3. Tm pha ban u
: Da vo iu kin ban u ( t = 0 ).
Gi tr ca pha ban u (
) phi tho mn 2 phng trnh :

0
0
. os
. .sin
x Ac
v A

' )

Ch : Mt s trng hp c bit :
+ Vt qua VTCB : x
0
= 0.
+ Vt v tr bin : x
0
= +A hoc x
0
= - A.
+ Bung tay ( th nh ), khng vn tc ban u : v
0
= 0.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1 . Mt con lc l xo dao ng vi bin A = 5cm, chu k T = 0,5s. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca
con lc trong cc trng hp:
a) t = 0 , vt qua VTCB theo chiu dng.
b) t = 0 , vt cch VTCB 5cm, theo chiu dng.
c) t = 0 , vt cch VTCB 2,5cm, ang chuyn ng theo chiu dng.
Li Gii
.sin( . ) x A t +
.
Phng trnh vn tc c dng :
'
. . ( . ) v x A cos t + .
Vn tc gc :
2. 2.
4 ( / )
0, 5
Rad s
T

.
a) t = 0 ;
0
0
.sin
. .
x A
v A cos

0
0 5.sin
5.4. . 0 v cos
f

0
. Vy
5.sin(4. . ) x t
(cm).
b) t = 0 ;
0
0
.sin
. .
x A
v A cos

0
5 5.sin
5.4. . 0 v cos
f
( )
2
rad
.
Vy 5.sin(4. . )
2
x t

+ (cm).
c) t = 0 ;
0
0
.sin
. .
x A
v A cos

0
2, 5 5.sin
5.4. . 0 v cos
f
( )
6
rad
.
Vy 5.sin(4. . )
6
x t

+ (cm).
B i 2 . Mt con lc l xo dao ng vi chu k T = 1(s). Lc t = 2,5(s), vt qua v tr c li
5. 2 x
(cm)
vi vn tc
10. . 2 v
(cm/s). Vit phng trnh dao ng ca con lc.
Nguyn nh Khang
7
Li Gii
.sin( . ) x A t +
.
Phng trnh vn tc c dng :
'
. . ( . ) v x A cos t + .
Vn tc gc :
2. 2.
2 ( / )
1
Rad s
T

.
ADCT :
2
2 2
2
v
A x
+
2 2
2 2
2 2
( 10. . 2)
( 5. 2)
(2. )
v
A x

+ + = 10 (cm).
iu kin ban u : t = 2,5(s) ;
.sin
. .
x A
v A cos

5. 2 .sin
10. . 2 .2. .
A
A cos

tan 1
( )
4
rad
. Vy 10.sin(2. . )
4
x t

+ (cm).
Bi 3. Mt vt c khi lng m = 100g c treo vo u di ca mt l xo c cng k = 100(N/m). u
trn ca l xo gn vo mt im c nh. Ban u vt c gi sao cho l xo khng b bin dng. Bung tay
khng vn tc ban u cho vt dao ng. Vit phng trnh da ng ca vt. Ly g = 10 (m/s
2
);
2
10 .
Li Gii
.sin( . ) x A t +
.

100
10.
0,1
k
m
(Rad/s).
Ti VTCB l xo dn ra mt on l :
2
. 0,1.10
10 ( ) 1 1
100
m g
l m cm A l cm
k

.
iu kin ban u t = 0 , gi l xo sao cho n khng bin dng tc x
0
= - l . Ta c
t = 0 ;
0
0
1 .sin
. . 0
x l A
v A cos

f
( )
2
rad
. Vy sin(10. . )
2
x t

(cm).
B i 4 . Mt vt dao ng iu ho dc theo trc Ox. Lc vt qua v tr c li
2 x
(cm) th c vn tc
. 2 v
(cm/s) v gia tc
2
2. a
(cm/s
2
). Chn gc to v tr trn. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca
vt di dng hm s cosin.
Li Gii
Phng trnh c dng : x = A.cos(
.t +
).
Phng trnh vn tc : v = - A.
.sin( . ) t +
.
Phng trnh gia tc : a= - A.
2
. ( . ) cos t + .
Khi t = 0 ; thay cc gi tr x, v, a vo 3 phng trnh ta c :
2 2
2 . ; . 2 . .sin ; . 2 . x Acos v A a Acos .
Ly a chia cho x ta c :
( / ) rad s
.
Ly v chia cho a ta c :
3.
tan 1 ( )
4
rad
(v
cos
< 0 )
2 A cm . Vy :
3.
2.sin( . )
4
x t

+ (cm).
B i 5. Mt con lc l xo l tng t nm ngang, t VTCB ko l xo dn 6 cm . Lc t = 0 bung nh , sau
5
12
s u tin , vt i c qung ng 21 cm. Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l :
A. 6.sin(20. . )
2
x t

+ (cm) B. 6.sin(20. . )
2
x t

(cm)
Nguyn nh Khang
8
C. 6.sin(4. . )
2
x t

+ (cm) D. 6.sin(40. . )
2
x t

+ (cm)
B i 6 . Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng gm mt vt m = 100g, l xo c cng k = 100(N/m). Ko vt ra
khi VTCB mt on x= 2cm v truyn vn tc 62,8. 3 v (cm/s) theo phng l xo .Chn t = 0 lc vt
bt u dao ng ( ly
2
2
10; 10
m
g
s
) th phng trnh dao ng ca vt l:
A. 4.sin(10. . )
3
x t

+ (cm) B. 4.sin(10. . )
6
x t

+ (cm)
C.
5.
4.sin(10. . )
6
x t

+ (cm) D. 4.sin(10. . )
3
x t

(cm)
B i 7 . Mt qu cu khi lng m = 100g treo vo l xo c chiu di t nhin
l
0
= 20cm, cng k = 25 (N/m).
a) Tnh chiu di ca l xo to v tr cn bng. Ly g = 10 (m/s
2
).
b) Ko qu cu xung di, cch v tr cn bng mt on 6cm ri bung nh ra cho n dao ng. Tm
chu k dao ng, tn s . Ly
2
10 .
c) Vit phng trnh dao ng ca qu cu chn gc thi gian l lc bung vt; gc to ti v tr cn
bng, chiu dng hng xung.
B i 8 . Mt qu cu khi lng m = 500g c treo vo l xo c chiu di t nhin l
0
= 40cm.
a) Tm chiu di ca l xo ti v tr cn bng, bit rng l xo trn khi treo vt m
0
= 100g, l xo
dn thm 1cm. Ly g = 10 (m/s
2
). Tnh cng ca l xo.
b) Ko qu cu xung di cch v tr cn bng 8cm ri bung nh cho dao ng. Vit phng
trnh dao ng (Chn gc thi gian l lc th vt, chiu dng hng xung).
B i 9 . Vt c khi lng m treo vo l xo c cng k = 5000(N/m). Ko vt ra khi v tr cn bng
mt on 3cm ri truyn vn tc 200cm/s theo phng thng ng th vt dao ng vi chu k
25
T s
.
a) Tnh khi lng m ca vt.
b) Vit phng trnh chuyn ng ca vt . Chn gc thi gian l lc vt qua v tr c li x = -2,5cm
theo chiu dng.
B i 10: Cho con lc l xo dao ng iu ho theo phng thng ng vt nng c khi lng m = 400g, l
xo c cng k, c nng ton phn E = 25mJ. Ti thi im t = 0, ko vt xung di VTCB l xo dn
2,6cm ng thi truyn cho vt vn tc 25cm/s hng ln ngc chiu dng Ox (g = 10m/s
2
). Vit phng
trnh dao ng?
DNG 5. CHNG MINH MT VT DAO NG IU HO
I. Phng php.
1. Phng php ng lc hc.
Nguyn nh Khang
9
m
+ Chn HQC sao cho vic gii bi ton l n gin nht.( Thng chn l TT Ox, O trng vi VTCB
ca vt, chiu dng trng vi chiu chuyn ng).
+ Xt vt VTCB :
1 2
0 ... 0 hl
n
F F F F + + +
ur uur uur uur
chiu ln HQC thu c phng trinh v hng:

1 2 3
... 0
n
F F F F t t t +
(1)
+ Xt vt thi im t, c li l x : p dng nh lut 2 Newton, ta c:

1 2
. ... .
hl n
F ma F F F ma + + +
uur r uur uur uur r
chiu ln HQC thu c phng trinh v hng:

1 2
... .
n
F F F ma t t t
(2)
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c dng :
" 2
. 0 x x + . Phng trnh ny c nghim dng:
. ( . ) x Acos t +
hoc
.sin( . ) x A t +
t dao ng iu ho, vi tn s gc l
.
2. Ph ng php nng lng.
+ Chn mt phng lm mc tnh th nng, sao cho vic gii bi ton l n gin nht.
+ C nng ca vt dao ng l : E = E
+ E
t

2 2 2
1 1 1
. . . . . .
2 2 2
k A mv k x + (3)
+ Ly o hm hai v theo thi gian t , ta c :
' ' ' '
1 1
0 . .2. . . .2. . 0 . . . .
2 2
m v v k x x mv v k x x + + .
Mt khc ta c : x
= v ; v
= a = x
, thay ln ta c : 0 = m.v.a + k.x.v

" "
0 . . . 0
k
m x k x x x
m
+ + . t
2
k
m
. Vy ta c :
" 2
. 0 x x +
Phng trnh ny c nghim dng:
. ( . ) x Acos t +
hoc
.sin( . ) x A t +

Vt dao ng iu ho, vi tn s gc l
pcm.
DNG 6. TM CHIU DI CA L XO TRONG QU TRNH DAO NG.
NNG LNG TRONG DAO NG IU HO
I. Phng php.
1. Chiu di:
+ Nu con lc l xo t nm ngang : l
max
= l
0
+ A; l
min
= l
0
- A.
+ Nu con lc l xo t thng ng :
0 max
l l l A + +
;
min 0
l l l A +
.
2. Nng lng :
+ ng nng ca vt trong dao ng iu ho

2 2 2 2
1 1
. . . . . . ( . )
2 2
d
E mv m A cos t + hoc
2 2 2 2
1 1
. . . . . .sin ( . )
2 2
d
E mv m A t +
+ Th nng ca vt trong dao ng iu ho :

2 2 2 2
1 1
. . . . . .sin ( . )
2 2
t
E k x m A t + hoc
2 2 2 2
1 1
. . . . . . ( . )
2 2
t
E k x m A cos t +
+ C nng ca vt trong dao ng iu ho:
2 2 2
1 1
. . . . .
2 2
d t
E E E k A m A Const + .
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1 . Mt vt khi lng m = 500g treo vo l xo th dao ng vi tn s f= 4(Hz).
a) Tm cng ca l xo, ly
2
10.
Nguyn nh Khang
10
b) Bit l xo c chiu di t nhin l
0
= 20cm v dao ng vi bin 4cm. Tnh chiu di nh nht v ln
nht ca l xo trong qu trnh dao ng. Ly g = 10(m/s
2
).
c) Thay vt m bng m
= 750g th h dao ng vi tn s bao nhiu?

B i 2 . Mt qu cu khi lng m =1 kg treo vo mt l xo c cng
k = 400(N/m). Qu cu dao ng iu ho vi c nng E = 0,5(J) ( theo phng thng ng ).
a) Tnh chu k v bin ca dao ng.
b) Tnh chiu di cc tiu v cc i ca l xo trong qu trnh dao ng. Bit l
0
= 30cm.
c. Tnh vn tc ca qu cu thi im m chiu di ca l xo l 35cm. Ly g=10(m/s
2
).
B i 3 . Mt qu cu khi lng m = 500g gn vo mt l xo dao ng iu ho vi bin 4cm. cng
ca l xo l 100(N/m).
a) Tnh c nng ca qu cu dao ng.
b) Tm li v vn tc ca qu cu ti mt im, bit rng ni , ng nng ca qu cu bng th nng.
c) Tnh vn tc cc i ca qu cu.
B i 4 . Mt vt c khi lng m = 500g treo vo mt l xo c cng k = 50(N/m). Ngi ta ko vt ra khi
v tr cn bng mt on 2(cm) ri truyn cho n mt vn tc ban u v
0
= 20(cm/s) dc theo phng ca l
xo.
a) Tnh nng lng dao ng.
b) Tnh bin dao ng.
c) Vn tc ln nht m vt c c trong qu trnh dao ng.
B i 5 . Mt con lc l xo c khi lng m = 50g dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh :
10.sin(10. . )
2
x t

+ (cm) .
a) Tm bin , tn s gc, tn s, pha ban u ca dao ng.
b) Tm nng lng v cng ca l xo.
Bi 6. Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ho bit vt c khi lng m = 200g, tn s f = 2Hz. Ly
2
10 ,
thi im t
1
vt c li x
1
= 4cm, th nng ca con lc thi im t
2
sau thi im t
1
1,25s l :
A. 256mJ B. 2,56mJ C. 25,6mJ D. 0,256mJ
DNG 7. BI TON V LC
I. Phng php.
Bi ton: Tm lc tc dng ln nht, nh nht vo im treo hay nn ln sn...
Hng dn:
+ Bc 1: Xem lc cn tm l lc g? V d hnh bn :
dh
F
uuur
+ Bc 2: Xt vt thi im t, vt c li x, p dng nh lut
2 Newton dng v hng, ri rt ra lc cn tm.
"
. . . .
dh dh
ma P F F P ma m g m x (1)
+ Bc 3: Thay
" 2
. x x vo (1) ri bin lun lc cn tm theo
li x. Ta c
2
. . .
dh
F m g m x + .
*
2
( ) . . .
dh
F Max m g m A + khi x = +A (m)
* Mun tm gi tr nh nht ca F
h
ta phi so snh
l ( bin dng ca l xo ti v tr cn bng) v A (bin dao ng)
- Nu l < A
2
( ) . . .
dh
F Min m g m l khi x l .
- Nu l > A
2
( ) . . .
dh
F Min m g m A khi x = -A.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1 . Treo mt vt nng c khi lng m = 100g vo u mt l xo c cng k = 20 (N/m). u trn ca
l xo c gi c nh. Ly g = 10(m/s
2
).
Nguyn nh Khang
11
O(VTCB)
x(+)
P
ur
dh
F
uuur
A
a) Tm dn ca l xo khi vt VTCB.
b) Nng vt n v tr l xo khng b nin dng ri th nh cho vt dao ng. B qua mi ma st. Chng
t vt m dao ng iu ho. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca vt. Chon gc thi gian l lc th.
c) Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca lc phc hi v lc n hi ca l xo.
B i 2. Mt l xo c treo thng ng, u trn ca l xo c gi c nh, u di ca l xo treo mt vt
m = 100g. L xo c cng k = 25(N/m). Ko vt ra khi VTCB theo phng thng ng v hng xung
di mt on 2cm ri truyn cho n mt vn tc
0
10. . 3 v (cm/s) hng ln. Chn gc thi gian l lc
truyn vn tc cho vt, gc to l VTCB, chiu dng hng xung. Ly g = 10(m/s
2
).
2
10 .
a) Vit phng trnh dao ng.
b) Xc nh thi im m vt qua v tr l xo dn 2cm ln u tin.
c) Tm ln lc phc hi nh cu b.
B i 3. Cho mt con lc l xo c b tr nh hnh v. L xo c cng k=200(N/m);
vt c khi lng m = 500g.
1) T v tr cn bng n vt m xung mt on x
0
= 2,5cm theo phng thng ng ri
th nh cho vt dao ng.
a) Lp phng trnh dao ng.
b) Tnh lc tc dng ln nht v nh nht m l xo nn ln mt gi .
2) t ln m mt gia trng m
0
= 100g. T VTCB n h xung mt on x
0
ri th nh.
a) Tnh p lc ca m
0
ln m khi l xo khng bin dng.
b) m
0
nm yn trn m th bin dao ng phi tho mn iu kin g? Suy ra gi tr ca x
0
. Ly
g =10(m/s
2
).
B i 4. Mt l xo c cng k = 40(N/m) c t thng ng , pha trn c vt khi lng m = 400g.
L xo lun gi thng ng.
a) Tnh bin dng ca l xo khi vt cn bng. Ly g = 10 (m/s
2
).
b) T VTCB n xung di mt on x
0
= 2cm ri bung nh. Chng t vt m dao ng iu ho. Tnh
chu k dao ng.
c) Tnh lc tc dng ln nht v nh nht m l xo nn ln sn.
B i 5. Mt l xo k = 100(N/m) pha trn c gn vt khi lng m = 100g. Mt vt khi lng m
0
= 400g ri t
do t cao h = 50cm xung a. Sau va chm chng dnh vo nhau v dao ng iu ho. Hy tnh :
a) Nng lng dao ng.
b) Chu k dao ng.
c) Bin dao ng.
d) Lc nn ln nht ca l xo ln sn. Ly g = 10 (m/s
2
).
DNG 8. XC NH THI IM CA VT TRONG QU TRNH DAO NG
I. Phng php.
Nguyn nh Khang
12
h
m
0
m
k
m
0
m
B i ton 1: Xc nh thi im vt i qua v tr cho trc trn qu o.
Hng dn: Gi s phng trnh dao ng ca vt c dng:
.sin( . ) x A t +
, trong A,
,
bit. Thi im vt i qua v tr c li x
0
c xc nh nh sau:
0
0
.sin( . ) sin( . )
x
x A t x t
A
+ + . t
0
sin
x
A

( . ) sin sin t +

Vi
;
2 2

1

1
]
.
*) Nu vt i qua v tr c li x
0
theo chiu dng th :
. . ( . ) v A cos t +

> 0 . Vy thi im vt i qua v tr c li x
0
c xc nh :

.2
. .2 .
k
t k t k T

+ + + +
(Vi iu kin t > 0; k l s nguyn, T l chu k dao ng).
*) Nu vt i qua v tr c li x
0
theo chiu m th :
. . ( . ) v A cos t +
< 0 . Vy thi im
vt i qua v tr c li x
0
c xc nh :

.2
. .2 .
k
t k t k T

+ + + +
(Vi iu kin t > 0; k l s nguyn, T l chu k dao ng).
Ch : Tu theo iu kin c th ca u bi m ly k sao cho ph hp.
B i ton 2: Xc nh khong thi gian ngn nht vt i t v tr c li x
1
n v tr c li x
2
.
Hng dn:
+ Cch 1: Khi chn thi im ban u t = 0 khng phi l thi im vt v tr c li x
1
th
khong thi gian t cn tnh c xc nh t h thc t = t
2
- t
1
, trong t
1
, t
2
c xc nh t h thc :
1
1 1 1
.sin( . ) sin( . )
x
x A t t
A
+ +
1
... t
2
2 2 2
.sin( . ) sin( . )
x
x A t t
A
+ +

2
... t
+ Cch 2: Khi chn thi im ban u t = 0 l thi im vt v tr c li x
1
v chuyn ng
theo chiu t x
1
n x
2
th khong thi gian cn xc nh c xc nh t phng trnh sau :
2
2
.sin( . ) sin( . )
x
x A t x t
A
+ +
... t

+ Cch 3: Da vo mi lin h gia chuyn ng trn u v dao ng iu ho. Khong thi gian c xc
nh theo biu thc :
t

B i ton 3: Xc nh thi im vt c vn tc xc nh.
Hng dn: Gi s vt dao ng vi phng trnh
.sin( . ) x A t +
, vn tc ca vt c dng :
. . ( . ) v A cos t +
.
Thi im vn tc ca vt l v
1
c xc nh theo phng trnh:
1
1
. . ( . ) ( . )
.
v
v A cos t v cos t
A

+ + .
*) Nu vt chuyn ng theo chiu dng : v
1
> 0.
Nguyn nh Khang
13
A
x(cm
)
O
x
1
x
2

t
1
.
v
cos
A

( . ) cos t cos +
.

1
2
. .2
. .2
t k
t k

+ +
+ +

1
2
.
.
t k T
t k T

+

+

Ch : - Vi k l s nguyn, t > 0, T l chu k
- H thc xc nh t
1
ng x > 0, h thc xc nh t
2
ng vi x < 0.
*) Nu vt chuyn ng ngc chiu dng : v
1
< 0.
t
1
.
v
cos
A

( . ) cos t cos +
.
1
2
. .2
. .2
t k
t k

+ +
+ + +

1
2
.
.
t k T
t k T

+
+
+

Ch : - Vi k l s nguyn, t > 0, T l chu k
- H thc xc nh t
1
ng x > 0, h thc xc nh t
2
ng vi x < 0.
- xc nh ln th bao nhiu vn tc ca vt c ln v
1
khi chuyn ng theo chiu dng hay
chiu m, cn cn c vo v tr v chiu chuyn ng ca vt thi im ban u t = 0.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1. Mt vt dao ng vi phng trnh : 10.sin(2. . )
2
x t

+ (cm). Tm thi im vt i qua v tr c li
x = 5(cm) ln th hai theo chiu dng.
Li Gii
cc thi im vt i qua v tr c li x = 5cm c xc nh bi phng trnh:
1
10.sin(2. . ) 5 sin(2 )
2 2 2
x t t

+ +

2. . .2
2 6
5.
2. . .2
2 6
t k
t k

+ +
+ +
(
; k Z
t > 0)
Ta c :
'
2. .10. (2 )
2
v x cos t

+ . V vt i theo chiu dng nn v > 0
'
2. .10. (2 )
2
v x cos t

+ > 0. tho mn iu kin ny ta chn
2. . .2
2 6
t k

+ +

1
6
t k
+ vi k = 1, 2, 3, 4,... (v t > 0)
Vt i qua v tr x = 5cm ln hai theo chiu dng
k = 2. Vy ta c
t =
1 11
2
6 6
+ (s).
B i 2 . Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh : 10.sin( . )
2
x t

(cm) . Xc nh thi im vt i qua
v tr c li x = -
5 2
(cm) ln th ba theo chiu m.
Li Gii
Nguyn nh Khang
14
Thi im vt i qua v tr c li x = -
5 2
(cm) theo chiu m c xc nh theo phng trnh sau :
2
10.sin( . ) 5 2 sin( ) sin( )
2 2 2 4
x t t

. Suy ra
.2
2 4
.2
2 4
t k
t k

+
+ +
( k Z ) . Ta c vn tc ca vt l :
'
.10. ( )
2
v x cos t

V vt i qua v tr c li x = -
5 2
(cm) theo chiu m nn v < 0. Vy ta c:
'
.10. ( )
2
v x cos t

< 0. tho mn iu kin ny ta chn .2
2 4
t k

+ +

7
2.
4
t k + (
0,1, 2, 3,... k
; t > 0 )
Vt i qua v tr c li x = -
5 2
(cm) theo chiu m, ln 3 l :
7 23
2.2
4 4
t + (s).
B i 3 . Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh : 10.sin(10. . )
2
x t

+ (cm). Xc nh thi im vt i
qua v tr c li x = 5cm ln th 2008.
Li Gii
Thi im vt i qua v tr c li x = 5cm c xc nh t phng trnh:

1
10.sin(10. . ) 5 sin(10. . )
2 2 2
x t t

+ +

10. . .2
2 6
5
10. . .2
2 6
t k
t k

+ +
+ +
v t > 0 nn ta c
1
30 5
k
t + vi k = 1, 2, 3, 4,... (1)
Hoc
1
30 5
k
t + vi k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,... (2)
+ (1) ng vi cc thi im vt i qua v tr x = 5cm theo chiu dng ( v > 0 ).

'
100 . (10 )
2
v x cos t

+ > 0 v t > 0
+ (2) ng vi cc thi im vt i qua v tr x = 5cm theo chiu m ( v < 0 ).

'
100 . (10 )
2
v x cos t

+ < 0 v t > 0
+ Khi t = 0
10.sin 10
2
x cm
, vt bt u dao ng t v tr bin dng. Vt i qua v tr x = 5cm ln

th nht theo chiu m, qua v tr ny ln 2 theo chiu dng. Ta c ngay vt qua v tr x = 5cm ln th 2008
theo chiu dng, trong s 2008 ln vt qua v tr x = 5cm th c 1004 ln vt qua v tr theo chiu dng.
Vy thi im vt qua v tr x = 5cm ln th 2008 l :
1
30 5
k
t + vi k = 1004.

1 1004 6024 1 6023
30 5 30 30
t

+ (s).
B i 4. Mt vt dao ng iu ho c bin bng 4 (cm) v chu k bng 0,1 (s).
a) Vit phng trnh dao ng ca vt khi chn t = 0 l lc vt i qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng.
b) Tnh khong thi gian ngn nht vt i t v tr c li x
1
= 2 (cm) n v tr x
2
= 4 (cm).
Li Gii
a) Phng trnh dao ng : Phng trnh c dng :
.sin( . ) x A t +
Nguyn nh Khang
15
Trong : A = 4cm,
2 2
20 ( / )
0,1
rad s
T

.
Chn t = 0 l lc vt qua VTCB theo chiu dng, ta c :
x
0
= A.sin
= 0, v
0
= A.
.cos
> 0

0( ) rad
. Vy
4.sin(20 . ) x t
(cm)
b) Khong thi gian ngn nht vt i t v tr c li x
1
= 2 (cm) n v tr
x
2
= 4 (cm).
+ Cch 1: -
1
1
4sin(20 . ) 2 sin(20 . )
2
x x t t
1
1
( )
120
t s ( v v > 0 )
-
2
4sin(20 . ) 4 sin(20 . ) 1 x x t t
2
1
( )
40
t s ( v v > 0 )
Kt lun : Khong thi gian ngn nht vt i t v tr c li x
1
= 2 (cm) n v tr x
2
= 4 (cm) l : t =
t
2
t
1
=
1 1 1
( )
40 120 60
s .
+ Cch 2: Chn t = 0 l lc vt i qua v tr c li x
0
= x
1
= 2cm theo chiu dng, ta c :
0 1
1
4.sin( ) 2 sin
2 6
x x x

(rad) ( v v > 0 )
4.sin(20 . )
6
x t

+ (cm).
Thi gian vt i t v tr x
0
n v tr x = 4cm c xc nh bi phng trnh:
1
4.sin(20 . ) 4 sin(20. . ) 1 ( )
6 6 60
x t t t s

+ + ( v v > 0 )
+ Cch 3 : Da vo mi lin h gia chuyn ng trn u v dao ng iu ho:
Da vo hnh v ta c : cos =
2 1
4 2 3
(rad).
Vy t =
1
( )
3.20 60
s

.

Bi 5. Mt vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh :
10.sin(10 . ) x t
(cm). Xc nh thi im vn tc ca
vt c ln bng na vn tc cc i ln th nht, ln th hai.
Li Gii
+ T phng trnh
10.sin(10 . ) x t
(cm)
'
100. . (10. . )( / ) v x cos t cm s . Suy ra vn tc cc i l:
. 10 .10 100 ( / )
max
v A cm s
.
+ Khi t = 0, v > 0 vt bt u chuyn ng t VTCB, theo chiu dng. Ln th nht vt chuyn ng theo
chiu dng v c ln vn tc bng na vn tc cc i. Ln th hai vt chuyn ng ngc chiu dng.
+ Khi vt chuyn ng theo chiu dng, ta c :
1
100. . (10. . ) .100
2
v cos t
1
(10. . )
2
cos t

10. . .2
3
10. . .2
3
t k
t k

+
+
( vi
; k Z
t > 0 )
1
30 5
k
t + vi k = 0, 1, 2, 3, .... (1)

1
30 5
k
t + vi k =1, 2, 3, ...... (2)
Nguyn nh Khang
16
O
2
4
x(c
m)

H thc (1) ng vi li ca vt
10.sin(10 . ) x t
> 0.
10.sin(10 . ) x t
< 0.
Do vt bt u chuyn ng t VTCB theo chiu dng nn ln u tin vn tc ca vt bng na vn tc
cc i thi im,
1
( )
30
t s ( k = 0 ).
+ Khi vt chuyn ng ngc chiu dng:
1
100. . (10. . ) .100
2
v cos t
1
(10. . )
2
cos t

2
10. . .2
3
2
10. . .2
3
t k
t k

+
+
( vi
; k Z
t > 0 )
1
15 5
k
t + (vi k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ....; t > 0 ) (3)

1
15 5
k
t + (vi k =1, 2, 3, ......; t > 0 ) (4)
10.sin(10 . ) x t
> 0.
10.sin(10 . ) x t
< 0.
Do vt bt u chuyn ng t VTCB theo chiu dng nn ln th hai vn tc ca vt c ln bng na
vn tc cc i thi im,
1
( )
15
t s ( k = 0 ).
B i 6. Mt vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh : 10.sin(5 . )
2
x t

(cm). Xc nh thi im vn tc
ca vt c ln bng
25 2.
(cm/s) ln th nht, ln th hai v ln th ba.
Li Gii
- Khi t = 0 10 x cm . Vt btt u chuyn ng t v tr bin m ( x= -A). Do khi vt chuyn ng
theo chiu dng th c ln 1 v ln th 2 vn tc u c ln
25 2.
(cm/s), nhng ln 1 ng vi x
< 0, cn ln 2 ng vi x > 0. Ln th 3 vn tc ca vt bng
25 2.
(cm/s) khi vt chuyn ng theo
chiu m.
- Vt chuyn ng theo chiu dng, thi im ca vt c xc nh nh sau:

2
50. . (5 ) 25 2. (5 )
2 2 2
v cos t cos t

5 .2
2 4
5 .2
2 4
t k
t k

+
+
( k Z )

3
0, 4.
20
t k + (vi k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .....); ng vi x > 0 (1)

1
0, 4.
20
t k + (vi k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .....); ng vi x < 0 (2)
Vt bt u chuyn ng t v tr bin m nn ln th 1 v ln th 2 vn tc ca vt bng
25 2.
(cm/s)
cc thi im tng ng l :

1
1
( ) 0, 05( )
20
t s s ( theo h thc (2), ng k = 0 ).

2
3
( ) 0,15( )
20
- Vt chuyn ng theo chiu m, thi im ca vt c xc nh nh sau :
Nguyn nh Khang
17
2
50. . (5 ) 25 2. (5 )
2 2 2
v cos t cos t

3
5 .2
2 4
3
5 .2
2 4
t k
t k

+
+
( k Z )

1
0, 4.
4
t k + (vi k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...; t > 0 ); ng vi x > 0 (3)

1
0, 4.
20
t k + (vi k = 1, 2, 3, 4, .....; t > 0 ); ng vi x < 0 (4)
Vy vt bt u chuyn ng t v tr bin m nn ln th 3 vn tc ca vt bng
25 2.
(cm/s) thi im
tng ng l :

3
1
( ) 0, 25( )
4
DNG 9. XC NH VN TC, GIA TC TI MT IM TRN QU O
I. Phng php
1. xc nh vn tc ti mt im trn qu o, ta lm nh sau :
- Ti v tr vt c li l x, vn tc l v, ta c :
.sin( )
. . ( )
x A t
v A cos t

+
+

.sin( )
. ( )
x A t
v
Acos t

+
+
Bnh phng hai v, cng v vi v, ta c:
2
2 2 2 2
2
v
A x v A x
+ t .
- Ch : + v > 0 : vn tc cng chiu dng trc to .
+ v < 0 : vn tc ngc chiu dng trc to .
2. xc nh gia tc ti mt im trn qu o, ta p dng cng thc:

2
. a x
- Ch : + a > 0 : gia tc cng chiu dng trc to .
+ a < 0 : gia tc ngc chiu dng trc to .
II. Bi Tp
B i 1. Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi chu k ( )
10
T s
v i c qung ng 40cm trong mt chu k.

Xc nh vn tc v gia tc ca vt khi i qua v tr c li x = 8cm theo chiu hng v VTCB.
Li Gii
- ADCT:
40
10
4 4
s
A cm ;
2 2
20( / )
10
rad s
T

- Ta c :
.sin( )
. . ( )
x A t
v A cos t

+
+

.sin( )
. ( )
x A t
v
Acos t

+
+
Bnh phng hai v, cng v vi v, ta c:
2
2 2 2 2
2
v
A x v A x
+ t .
- Theo u bi ta c:
2 2 2 2
20. 10 8 120( / ) v A x cm s
( v v < 0 )
Nguyn nh Khang
18
- Ta c :
2 2 2 2
. 20 .8 3200( / ) 32( / ) a x cm s m s . Du chng t gia tc ngc chiu vi
chiu dng trc to , tc l n hng v VTCB.
B i 2. Mt vt dao ng iu ho trn on thng di 10cm v thc hin 50 dao ng trong 78,5s. Tm vn
tc v gia tc ca vt khi n i qua v tr c to
x = -3cm theo chiu hng v VTCB.
Li Gii
- Bin : A =
10
5
2 2
l
cm ; Chu k: T =
78, 5
1, 57
50
t
s
n
; Tn s gc:
2
4( / ) rad s
T
. Vn tc:
2 2 2 2
4 5 3 16 / 0,16( / ) v A x cm s m s
- Gia tc:
2 2 2 2
. 4 .( 3) 48( / ) 0, 48( / ) a x cm s m s
DNG 10. XC NH QUNG NG I C
SAU KHONG THI GIAN CHO
I. Phng php
+ Khi pha ban u bng : 0,
2
t :
- Nu trong khong thi gian t, s chu k dao ng m vt thc hin c l:
n,
1
2
n + ,
1
4
n + ,
3
4
n + , ( n l s nguyn ) th qung ng m vt i c tng ng l n.4A, (
1
2
n + ).4A, (
1
4
n + ).4A, (
3
4
n + ).4A, ( A l bin dao ng).
- Nu trong khong thi gian t, s chu k dao ng n m vt thc hin khc vi cc s ni trn th qung
ng m vt i c tnh theo cng thc : s = s
1
+ s
2
.
Trong s
1
l qung ng i dc trong n
1
chu k dao ng v c tnh theo mt s trung hp trn,
vi n
1
nh hn hoc gn n nht. Cn s
2
l qung ng m vt i c trong phn chu k cn li n
2
, vi n
2
=
n n
1
.
tnh s
2
cn xc nh li ti thi im cui cng ca khong thi gian cho v ch n v tr,
chiu chuyn ng ca vt sau khi thc hin n
1
chu k dao ng. C th:
Nu sau khi thc hin n
1
chu k dao ng, vt VTCB v cui khong thi gian t, vt c li
l x th : s
2
=
x
.
Nu sau khi thc hin n
1
chu k dao ng, vt v tr bin v cui khong thi gian t, c li
x th : s
2
= A -
x
.
+ Khi pha ban u khc 0,
2
t :
- Nu trong khong thi gian t, s chu k dao ng m vt thc hin c l:
n hoc
1
2
n + , ( n nguyn) th qung ng i c tng ng l: n.4A, (
1
2
n + ).4A
- Nu trong khong thi gian t, s chu k dao ng n m vt thc hin khc vi cc s ni trn th qung
ng m vt i c tnh theo cng thc : s = s
1
+ s
2
.
Trong s
1
l qung ng i dc trong n
1
chu k dao ng v c tnh theo mt s trung hp
trn, vi n
1
nh hn hoc gn n nht. Cn s
2
l qung ng m vt i c trong phn chu k cn li n
2
,
vi n
2
= n n
1
.
tnh s
2
cn xc nh li x v chiu chuyn ng ca vt thi im cui ca khong thi gian
cho v ch khi vt i t v tr x
1
( sau khi thc hin n
1
dao ng ) n v tr c li x th chiu chuyn
ng c thay i hay khng?
Nguyn nh Khang
19
Ch : Tm n ta da vo biu thc sau :
t
n
T
.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1. Mt cht im dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh:
5.sin(2 . ) x t
(cm).
Xc nh qung ng vt i c sau khong thi gian t(s) k t khi vt bt u dao ng trong cc trng
hp sau :
a) t = t
1
= 5(s). b) t = t
2
= 7,5(s). c) t = t
3
= 11,25(s).
Li Gii
- T phng trnh :
5.sin(2 . ) x t
2
2 ( / ) 1( )
2
rad s T s
.
a) Trong khong thi gian t
1
= 5s, s dao ng m vt thc hin c l :
1
5
5
1
t
n
T
(chu k). Vy
qung ng m vt i c sau khong thi gian t
1
= 5l : s = n.4A = 5.4.5 = 100cm = 1m.
b) Trong khong thi gian t
2
= 7,5s, s dao ng m vt thc hin c l :
2
7, 5
7, 5
1
t
n
T
(chu k).
Vy qung ng m vt i c sau khong thi gian t
2
=7, 5s l : s =7,5.4A =7,5 . 4 . 5 = 150cm = 1,5 m.
c) Trong khong thi gian t
3
3
11, 25
11, 25
1
t
n
T
(chu k). Vy qung ng m vt i c sau khong thi gian t
3
=11, 25s l : s
=11,25.4A =11,25 . 4 . 5 = 225cm = 2,25 m.
B i 2 . Mt cht im dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh: 10.sin(5 . )
2
x t

+ (cm).
Xc nh qung ng vt i c sau khong thi gian t(s) k t khi vt bt u dao ng trong cc trng
hp sau :
a) t = t
1
= 1(s). b) t = t
2
= 2(s). c) t = t
3
= 2,5(s).
Li Gii
T phng trnh : 10.sin(5 . )
2
x t

+
5 ( / ) rad s

2
0, 4
5
T s

1
1
1
2, 5
0, 4
t
n
T

(chu k). Vy
1
= 1(s) l : s = n.4A = 2,5 . 4 .10 = 100cm = 1m.
2
2
2
5
0, 4
t
n
T

(chu k). Vy
2
=2s l : s =5.4A =5 . 4 . 10 = 200cm = 2 m.
3
= 2,5, s dao ng m vt thc hin c l :
3
2, 5
6, 25
0, 4
t
n
T

(chu k).
Vy qung ng m vt i c sau khong thi gian t
3
=2,5s l : s =11,25.4A =6,25 . 4 . 5 = 250cm = 2,5
m.
B i 3 . Mt cht im dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh: 10.sin(5 . )
6
x t

+ (cm). Xc nh qung
ng vt i c sau khong thi gian t(s) k t khi vt bt u dao ng trong cc trng hp sau :
a) t = t
1
= 2(s). b) t = t
2
= 2,2(s). c) t = t
3
= 2,5(s).
Li Gii
T phng trnh : 10.sin(5 . )
6
x t

+
5 ( / ) rad s

2
0, 4
5
T s

1
Nguyn nh Khang
20
1
2
5
0, 4
t
n
T

(chu k). Vy qung ng m vt i c sau khong thi gian
t
1
= 2(s) l : s = n.4A = 5 . 4 .10 = 200cm = 2m.
2
2
2, 2
5, 5
0, 4
t
n
T

(chu k). Vy qung ng m vt i c sau khong thi gian
t
2
=2s l : s =5,5 . 4A =5,5 . 4 . 10 = 220cm = 2,2 m.
3
= 2,5, s dao ng m vt thc hin c l :
3
2, 5
6, 25
0, 4
t
n
T

(chu k).
- thi im t
3
= 2,5(s), li ca vt l:
2
10.sin(5 .2, 5 ) 10.sin 5 3( )
6 3
x cm

+
Nh vy sau 6 chu k dao ng vt tr v v tr c li
0
2
A
x theo chiu dng v trong 0,25 chu k tip
theo , vt i t v tr ny n v tr bin x = A, ri sau i chiu chuyn ng v i n v tr c li
5 3( ) x cm . Qung ng m vt i c sau 6,25 chu k l: s = s
1
+ s
2
= 6 . 4. 10 + ( A x
0
) + ( A x) =
246,34(cm).
B i 4 Mt vt dao ng iu ho dc theo trc Ox, xung qu8anh VTCB x = 0. Tn s dao ng
4( / ) rad s
. Ti mt thi im no , li ca vt l x
0
= 25cm v vn tc ca vt l
v
0
= 100cm/s. Tm li x v vn tc ca vt sau thi gian
3
2, 4( )
4
t s
.
S : x = -25cm, v = -100cm/s.
B i 5. Mt vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh :
.sin( . ) x A t +
. Xc nh tn s gc, bin A
ca dao ng. Cho bit, trong khong thi gian 1/60 (s) u tin, vt i t v tr x
0
= 0 n v tr
x =
3
2
A
theo chiu dng v ti im cch VTCB 2(cm) vt c vn tc 40 3 (cm/s).
S : 20 ( )
rad
s
, A= 4(cm).
B i 6. Mt vt dao ng iu ho i qua VTCB theo chiu dng thi im ban u. Khi vt c li l
3(cm) th vn tc ca vt l 8 (cm/s), khi vt c li l 4(cm) th vt c vn tc l 6 (cm/s). Vit phng
trnh dao ng ca vt ni trn.
S :
5.sin(2 . ) x t cm
.
DNG 11. H MT L XO C LIN KT RNG RC
I. Phng php
- p dng nh lut bo ton v cng: Cc my c hc khng cho ta c li v cng, tc l c li
bao nhiu ln v lc th thit by nhiu ln v ng i
- V d : Rng rc, n by, mt phng nghing,...
II.Bi tp
B i 1. Cho hai c h b tr nh hnh v. L xo c cng k = 20(N/m),
vt nng c khi lng
m = 100g. B qua lc ma st, khi lng ca rng rc, khi lng dy treo
Nguyn nh Khang
21
P
ur
1
T
ur
dh
F
uuur
2
T
uur
3
T
uur
O(VTCB)
P
ur
1
T
ur
I
dh
F
uuur
2
T
uur
a)
b)
( dy khng dn ) v cc l xo l khng ng k.
1. Tnh dn ca mi l xo khi vt VTCB. Ly g = 10(m/s
2
).
2. Nng vt ln v tr sao cho l xo khng bin dng, ri th nh cho vt
dao ng. Chng minh vt m dao ng iu ho. Tm bin , chu k ca vt.
Li Gii
a) Hnh a: Chn HQC l trc to Ox, O trng vi VTCB ca m, chiu
dng hng xung.
- Khi h VTCB, ta c:
+ Vt m:
1
0 P T +
ur ur
.
+ im I:
2
0
dh
T F +
uur uuur
. Chiu ln HQC, ta c
1
0 P T
(1).
2
0
dh
F T
(2). V l xo khng dn nn
T
1
= T
2
. T (1) v (2), ta c : P = F
h
(*)
. 0,1.10
. . 0, 05 5
20
m g
m g k l l m cm
k
.
- Khi h thi im t, c li x, ta c:
+ Vt m :
1
. P T ma +
ur ur r
+ im I:
2
.
dh I
T F m a +
uur uuur r
. V m
I
= 0 nn ta c:
1
. P T ma
(3).
2
0
dh
F T
(4).
. . ( ) .
dh
P F ma m g k x l ma +
(**)
Thay (*) vo (**) ta c:
" "
. . . 0
k
k x m x x x
m
+ . t
2 " 2
. 0
k
x x
m
+ .
C nghim dng
.sin( ) x A t +

H vt dao ng iu ho, vi tn s gc
k
m
.
- Khi nng vt ln v tr sao cho l xo khng bin dng, ta suy ra A = 5cm. Chu k dao ng
2 0,1
2 2 . 0, 314 2
20
m
T
k
(s).
b) Hnh b:
- Khi h VTCB, ta c:
+ Vt m:
1
0 P T +
ur ur
.
+ Rng rc:
2 3
0
dh
T T F + +
uur uur uuur
. Chiu ln HQC, ta c :
1
0 P T
(5).
3 2
0
dh
F T T + +
(6). V l xo khng dn nn T
0
= T
3
= T
1
= T
2
. T (6) ta suy ra
0
2.
dh
F T

0
2
dh
F
T .
Thay vo phng trnh s (5) ta c :
2. .
0 2. . . 0,1 10
2 2
dh dh
F F m g
P P m g k l l m cm
k
.
(***)
- Khi h thi im t, c li x, ta c:
+ Vt m :
1
. P T ma +
ur ur r
+ Rng rc:
2 3
.
dh rr
T T F m a + +
uur uur uuur r
. Chiu ln HQC, ta c :
1
. P T ma
(7)
V m
rr
= 0 nn ta c:
3 2
0
dh
F T T + +
(8). V l xo khng dn nn T
0
= T
3
= T
1
= T
2
. T (8) ta suy ra
0
2.
dh
F T
thay vo (7) ta c:
"
1
. . . .( ) .
2 2 2
dh
F x
P ma m g k l m x + ( V theo nh lut bo ton
Nguyn nh Khang
22
cng ta c, khi vt m i xung mt on l x th l xo dn thm mt on x/2 ). Thay (***) vo ta c:
" "
.
. . 0
4 4.
k x k
m x x x
m
+ . t
2
4
k
m

" 2
. 0 x x + . Vy vt m dao ng iu ho. Bin dao
ng A=20cm;
chu k dao ng T =
2 2 4 4.0,1
2 . 2 0, 628 2
20
4
m
k k
m

(s).
B i 2. Qu cu khi lng m
1
= 600g gn vo l xo c cng k =
200(N/m). Vt nng m
2
= 1kg ni vi m
1
bng si dy mnh , khng
dn vt qua rng rc. B qua mi ma st ca m
1
v sn, khi lng
rng rc v l xo l khng ng k.
a) Tm dn ca l xo khi vt cn bng. Ly g = 10(m/s
2
).
b) Ko m
2
xung theo phng thng ng mt on x
0
= 2cm
ri bung nh khng vn tc u. Chng minh m
2
dao ng iu ho.
Vit phng trnh dao ng.
B i 3. Cho mt h vt dao ng nh hv. L xo v rng rc khi lng
khng ng k. cng ca l xo k = 200 N/m, M = 4 kg, m
0
=1kg. Vt
M c th trt khng ma st trn mt phng nghing gc nghing =
30
0
.
a) Xc nh bin dng ca l xo khi h cn bng.
b) T VTCB, ko M dc theo mt phng nghing xung di
mt on x
0
= 2,5cm ri th nh. CM h dao ng iu ho. Vit
phng trnh dao ng. Ly g = 10 m/s
2
,
2
= 10.
B i 4 : Mt l xo c cng k = 80 N/m, l
0
=20cm, mt u c nh u
kia mc vo mt vt C khi lng m
1
= 600g c th trt trn mt mt
phng nm ngang. Vt C c ni vi vt D c khi lng m
2
= 200g
bng mt si dy khng dn qua mt rng rc si dy v rng rc c khi
lng khng ng k. Gi vt D sao cho l xo c di l
1
= 21cm ri th
ra nh nhng. B qua mi ma st, ly g = 10 m/s
2
,
2
= 10.
a) Chng minh h dao ng iu ho v vit phng trnh dao ng.
b) t h thng l xo, vt C cho trn mt phng nghing gc = 30
0
.
Chng minh h dao ng iu ho v vit phng trnh dao ng.
DNG 12. IU KIN HAI VT DAO NG CNG GIA TC
I. Phng php
- Trng hp 1. Khi m
0
th ln m v kch thch cho h dao ng theo phng song song vi b mt tip
xc gia hai vt. m
0
khng b trt trn m th lc ngh ma st cc i m m tc dng m
0
trong qu trnh
dao ng phi nh hn hoc bng lc ma st trt gia hai vt.
f
msn
(Max) < f
mst

2
0 0 0 0
. . . . . . . m a m g m x m g

2
0 0
. . . . m A m g
Trong :
l h s ma st trt.
- Tr ng hp 2. Khi m
0
t ln m v kch thch cho h dao ng theo phng thng ng. m
0
khng
ri khi m trong qu trnh dao ng th:
a
max

2
. g A g
II. Bi Tp
Nguyn nh Khang
23
m
0
M
k
m
1
m
2
m
1
m
2
k
dh
F
uuur
T
ur
T
ur
T
ur
T
ur
P
ur
m
A
B i 1. Cho c h dao ng nh hnh v, khi lng ca cc vt tng ng l m =
1kg, m
0
= 250g, l xo c khi lng khng ng k, cng k = 50(N/m). Ma st
gia m v mt phng nm ngang khng ng k. H s ma st gia m v m
0
l
0, 2
. Tm bin dao ng ln nht ca vt m m
0
khng trt trn b mt
ngang ca vt m. Cho g = 10(m/s
2
),
2
10 . Li
Gii
- Khi m
0
khng trt trn b mt ca m th h hai vt dao ng nh l mt vt
( m+m
0
). Lc truyn gia tc cho m
0
l lc ma st ngh xut hin gia hai vt.

2
0 0
. . .
msn
f m a m x
.
Gi tr ln nht ca lc ma st ngh l :
2
0
( ) . .
msn
f Max m A (1)
- Nu m
0
trt trn b mt ca m th lc ma st trt xut hin gia hai vt l lc ma st trt :
0
. .
mst
f m g
(2)
- m
0
khng b trt trn m th phi c:
2
0 0
( ) . . . .
msn mst
f Max f m A m g
2
.g
A

; m
2
0
k
m m

+
nn ta c :
0
. . 0, 05 5 .
m m
A g A m A cm
k

+

Vy bin ln nht ca m m
0
khng trt trn m l A
max
= 5cm.
B i 2. Mt vt c khi lng m = 400g c gn trn mt l xo thng ng c cng
k = 50(N/m). t vt m c khi lng 50g ln trn m nh hnh v. Kch thch cho m
dao ng theo phng thng ng vi bin nh. B qua sc cn ca khng kh. Tm
bin dao ng ln nht ca m m khng ri khi m trong qu trnh dao ng. Ly
g = 10 (m/s
2
).

L i Gii
m khng ri khi m trong qu trnh dao ng th h ( m+m) dao ng vi cng gia tc. Ta phi c: a
max
2
. g A g
2
( ').
0, 09
g m m g
A A A m
k
+

9 9
max
A cm A cm
.

DNG 13. BI TON V VA CHM
I. Phng php
- nh lut bo ton ng lng : p const
ur

1 2 3
...
n
p p p p Const + + + +
uur uur uur uur
.
(iu kin p dng l h kn)
- nh lut bo ton c nng : E = const
+ E
t
= const.
(iu kin p dng l h kn, khng ma st)
- nh l bin thin ng nng :
d ngoailuc
E A

2 2
2 1 2 1
1 1
. . . .
2 2
d d ngoailuc ngoailuc
E E A mv mv A .
- Ch : i vi va cham n hi ta c :
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
1 1 1 1
. . . . . . ' . . '
2 2 2 2
m v m v m v m v + +
Nguyn nh Khang
24
m
m
0
k
m
m
k
II. Bi Tp
B i 1 . C h dao ng nh hnh v gm mt vt M = 200g gn vo l xo c cng k, khi lng khng
ng k. Vt M c th trt khng ma st trn mt ngang. H trng thi cn bng ngi ta bn mt vt m =
50g theo phng ngang vi vn tc v
0
= 2(m/s) n va chm vi M.
Sau va chm, vt M dao ng iu ho, chiu di cc i v cc tiu ca l xo l 28cm v 20cm.
a) Tnh chu k dao ng ca M.
b) Tnh cng k ca l xo.

Li Gii
a) Tm chu k dao ng:
- p dng LBTL:
0
. . . mv mv M V +
uur r ur
; trong ; v V
r ur
l vn tc ca m v M ngay sau va chm. Phng
trnh v hng:
0
. . . mv mv M V +

0 0
.( ) . .
M
m v v M V v v V
m
(1)
- p dng LBTCN:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
. . . . . . .( ) . ( ) .
2 2 2
M
mv mv MV m v v MV v v V
m
+ (2)
Ly (2) chia cho (1) ta c: v
0
+ v =V (3)
Ly (1) cng (3), ta c:
0
0
2. .
2. . 0, 8( / )
mv M m
v V V m s
m M m
+

+
.
Mt khc ta c :
min
4 .
2
max
l l
A cm

Vn tc ca M ngay sau va chm l vn tc cc i trong dao ng ca vt M, ta c

2 2 . 2 .4
. . 0, 314( )
80
A
V A A T s
T V

.
b) Tm cng k ca l xo:
2
2 2
2
4.
. . 80( / )
k
k M M N m
M T
.
B i 2. Mt ci a khi lng M = 900g t trn l xo c cng k = 25(N/m).
Mt vt nh m = 100g ri khng vn tc ban u t cao h = 20(cm) ( so vi a)
xung a v dnh vo a. Sau va chm h hai vt dao ng iu ho.
1. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca h hai vt, chn gc to l VTCB ca
h vt,
chiu dng hng thng ng t trn xung, gc thi gian l lc bt u va chm.
Ly g = 10(m/s
2
).
2. Tnh cc thi im m ng nng ca hai vt bng ba ln th nng ca l
xo.Ly gc tnh th nng ca l xo l VTCB ca hai vt.
Li Gii
1. Chn mt phng i qua a lm mc tnh th nng, ta c:
Gi v
0
l vn tc ca m ngay trc va chm, p dng LBTCN, ta c

2
0
0
.
. . 2. . 2( / )
2
mv
m g h v g h m s
Do va chm l va chm mm nn ngay sau khi va cham c h chuyn ng vi vn tc v ;
p dng LBTL, ta c:
0
0
.
. ( ). 20( / )
mv
mv M m v v cm s
M m
+
+
.
Khi h VTCB, h nn thm mt on l: . . 4( )
mg
m g k l l cm
k

Nguyn nh Khang
25
M
m
0
v
uur
k
m
M
k
h
Phng trnh c dng:
.sin( ) x A t +
; vi 5( / )
k
rad s
M m

+
thi im ban u, t = 0

0
0
.sin 4
. . 20 /
x A cm
v A cos cm s
; 4 2
4
rad A cm
.
4 2.sin(5 )
4
x t cm

Nu vit phng trnh theo hm cosin ta c:
( ) x Acos t +
thi im ban u, t = 0

0
0
. 4
. .sin 20 /
x Acos cm
v A cm s

3
; 4 2
4
rad A cm
.

3
4 2. (5 )
4
x cos t cm
+
2. Tm cc thi im m E
= 3E
t
: Ta c E = E
+ E
t
=
2
1
. .
2
k A m E
= 3.E
t
nn thay v ta c: 4E
t
= E
2 2
1 1
4. . . . .
2 2 2
A
k x k A x t
3 4 2
4 2. (5 )
4 2
x cos t

+ t

3 1
(5 )
4 2
cos t

+ t
Khi
3 1
(5 )
4 2
cos t

+
3
5 .2
4 3
3
5 .2
4 3
t n
t n

+ +
+ +
5 2
.
60 5
13 2
.
60 5
t n
t n
+
vi
1, 2, 3, 4,...
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...
n
n

Khi
3 1
(5 )
4 2
cos t

+
3 2
5 .2
4 3
3 2
5 .2
4 3
t n
t n

+ +
+ +
2
.
60 5
17 2
.
60 5
t n
t n
+
vi
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...
n
n

B i 3. Mt ci a nm ngang, c khi lng M = 200g, c gn vao u trn ca mt l xo thng ng c

cng k = 20(N/m). u di ca l xo c gi c nh. a c th chuyn ng theo phng thng
ng. B qua mi ma st v sc cn ca khng kh.
1. Ban u a VTCB. n a xung mt on A = 4cm ri th cho a dao ng t do. Hy vit phng
trnh dao ng ( Ly trc to hng ln trn, gc to l VTCB ca a, gc thi gian l lc th).
2. a ang nm VTCB, ngi ta th mt vt c khi lng m = 100g, t cao
h = 7,5cm so vi mt a. Va chm gia vt v a l hon ton n hi. Sau va chm u tin vt ny ln v
c gi khng cho ri xung a na.
Ly g = 10(m/s
2
)
a) Tnh tn s gc dao ng ca a.
b) Tnh bin A
dao ng ca a.
c) Vit phng trnh dao ng ca a.
Li Gii
1. Phng trnh dao ng c dng :
. ( ) x Acos t +
. Trong :
20
10( / )
0, 2
k
rad s
M
;
Nguyn nh Khang
26
theo iu kin ban u ta c: t = 0

0
0
. 4
. .sin 0
x Acos cm
v A

4
0
sin 0
cos
A
p

; 4 A cm
. Vy ta
c
4. (10 ) 4 (10 ) x cos t cos t cm +
.
2. Gi v l vn tc ca m trc va chm; v
1
, V l vn tc ca m v M sau va chm.
Coi h l kn, p dng LBTL ta c:
1
. . .
t s
p p mv mv M V +
uur uur r ur ur
. chiu ln ta c:
-m.v = m.v
1
M.V
1
.( ) . m v v M V +
(1)
Mt khc ta c: p dng LBTCN : m.g.h = m.
2
2
2. .
2
v
v g h (2)
Do va chm l tuyt i n hi nn:
2 2 2
1
. .
2 2 2
mv mv MV
+ (3)
Gii h (1), (2), (3), ta c :
1, 2( / ) v m s
v
0,8( / ) V m s
p dng LBTCN trong dao ng iu ho : E = E
+ E
t
( E
t
= 0 ) nn E = E
2 2
1 1
. . ' . . ' 0.082 8, 2
2 2
k A M V A m cm .
3. Phng trnh dao ng ca a c dng :
'. ( ) x A cos t +
trong
10( / ) rad s
; A = 8,2cm.
Ti thi im ban u t = 0

0
0
0 '.
' .sin
x A cos
v V A

2
' 8, 2
rad
A cm
.
Vy phng trnh ca a l : 8, 2. (10 )
2
x cos t cm
+ .
DNG 14. BI TON V DAO NG CA VT SAU KHI RI KHI GI
I. Phng php
- Qung ng S m gi i c k t khi bt u chuyn ng n khi vt ri khi gi bng phn
tng bin dng ca l xo trong khong thi gian . Khong thi gian t lc gi bt u chuyn ng
Nguyn nh Khang
27
n khi vt ri khi gi c xc nh theo cng thc :
2
1 2
2
S
S at t
a
( a l gia tc ca gi )
(1)
- Vn tc ca vt khi ri khi gi l : 2 . v a S (2)
- Gi
0
l
l bin dng ca l xo khi vt VTCB ( khng cn gi ), l l bin dng ca l xo khi
vt ri gi . Li x ca vt thi im ri khi gi l

0
x l l
- Ta c
2
2 2
2
v
x A
+
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1. Con lc l xo gm mt vt nng c khi lng m = 1kg v mt l xo c cng k =
100N/m, c treo thng ng nh hnh v. Lc u gi gi D sao cho l xo khng bin
dng. Sau cho D chuyn ng thng ng xung di nhanh dn u vi gia tc a = 2m/s
2
.
1. Tm thi gian k t khi D bt u chuyn ng cho ti khi m bt u ri khi D.
2. CMR sau khi ri khi D vt m dao ng iu ho. Vit phng trnh dao ng, chiu
dng xung di, gc thi gian l lc vt m bt u kri khi D.
Ly g = 10m/s
2
. B qua mi ma st v khi lng ca l xo.
Li Gii
1. V gi D sao cho l xo khng bin dng nn khi D chuyn ng xung di th vt m cng
chuyn ng xung di vi cng vn tc v gia tc ca D. Gi s D i c qung ng l
S th m ri khi D. Lc l xo cng dn mt on S.
p dng L II Niu Tn ta c :
.
dh
P F ma +
ur uuur r

( )
0, 08 8
m g a
mg kS ma S m cm
k

Mt khc ta c :
2
1 2
. 0, 28
2
S
S a t t s
a

2. Chng minh M dao ng iu ho:
- xt m VTCB (khng cn gi )

0
0
dh
P F +
ur uuuur

0 0
0 0,1 10 .
mg
mg k l l m cm
k
(1)
- xt vt m thi im t, c li l x:
.
dh
P F ma +
ur uuur r

0
( ) mg k l x ma +
0
mg k l kx ma
( 2)
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c:
2
" 0 " . 0
k
x x x x
m
+ + vi
k
m
.

( ) x Acos t +
Vy m dao ng iu ho. Ta c 10( / )
k
rad s
m
.
Khi ri khi gi vt m c vn tc l
0
2 0, 4 2( / ) 40 2( / ) v aS m s cm s
thi im ri gi vt m c li x
0
so vi gc to .
0 0
( ) 2 x l S cm
Bin dao ng ca vt l : A
2
=
2
2 0
0 2
v
x
+ 6 A cm .
Nguyn nh Khang
28
D
k
m
Khi t = 0
0
0
2 .
. .sin
x Acos
v A

2
40 2
sin
10
cos
A
A
tan 2 2 .
B i 2. Con lc l xo gm vt c khi lng m = 1kg v l xo c cng k = 50N/m c
treo nh hnh v. Khi gi D ng yn th l xo dn mt on 1cm. Cho D chuyn ng
thng ng xung di nhanh dn u vi gia tc a = 1m/s
2
, v vn tc ban u bng khng.
B qua mi ma st v sc cn , ly g = 10m/s
2
.
1. xc nh qung ng m gi i c k t khi bt u chuyn ng n thi im vt
ri khi gi .
2. Sau khi ri khi gi , vt m dao ng iu ho. Tnh bin dao ng ca vt.
Li gii
1. Khi ri khi gi , l xo c bin dng l l . thi im vt ri khi gi , ta c:
.( )
. . 0, 09 9
dh
m g a
P F ma mg k l ma l m cm
k
+
ur uuur r
Khi gi bt u chuyn ng th l xo dn mt on
0
l
1cm, do qung ng i c ca gi
k t khi bt u chuyn ng cho ti khi vt ri gi l:
0
9 1 8 S l l cm
.
2. Sau khi ri khi gi , vt m dao ng iu ho. Ti VTCB l xo dn mt on l:
' 0,1 10
mg
l m cm
k

thi im vt ri khi gi , vt c li l :
0
( ' ) 1 x l l cm
Khi ri khi gi , vt c vn tc l:
0
2 40 / v aS cm s
Tn s gc ca dao ng l: 5 2( / )
k
rad s
m

Vy bin dao ng l:
2
2 0
0 2
33
v
A x cm
+
dng 15 tng hp hai dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn s
Nguyn nh Khang
29
D
k
m
I. Phng php
- Cho hai dao ng cng phng, cng tn s:

1 1 1
. ( ) x A cos t +
v
2 2 2
. ( ) x A cos t +
- Dao ng tng hp c dng :
. ( ) x Acos t +
Trong A,
c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2. . . ( ) A A A A A cos + + ;
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
.sin .sin
tan
. .
A A
A cos A cos

+
- Ch : + C th tm phng trnh dao ng tng hp bng phng php lng gic
+ Nu hai dao ng cng pha: A = A
1
+ A
2
+ Nu hai dao ng ngc pha: A =
1 2
A A
.
II. Bi Tp
B i 1. Hai dao ng c cng phng, cng tn s f = 50Hz, c bin A
1
= 2a, A
2
= a. Cc pha ban u
1 2
( ); ( )
3
rad rad
.
1. Vit phng trnh ca hai dao ng .
2. Tm bin v pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp. V trn cng mt gin vc t cc vc t
1 2
; ; A A A
uur uur ur
.
Li Gii
1. Phng trnh dao ng l:
1
2 . ( 100 )
3
x a cos cm
+ ;
2
. (100 ) x a cos cm +
.
2. Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2
2. . . ( ) 4 4 . ( )
3
A A A A A cos a a a cos

+ + + +

2 2 2 2
5 2 3 3 A a a a A a cm .
Pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp l:
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
.sin .sin
tan
. .
A A
A cos A cos

2 .sin .sin
3
3
tan ( )
0 2
2 .cos .cos
3
a a
a
rad
a a
+

+
.
B i 2. Cho hai dao ng c phng trnh:
1 1 2 2
3sin( ); 5sin( ) x t x t + +
Hy xc nh phng trnh v v gin vc t ca dao ng tng hp trong cc trng hp sau:
1. Hai dao ng cng pha.
2. Hai dao ng ngc pha.
3. Hai dao ng lch pha mt gc
2
( xc nh pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp ph thuc vo

1 2
;
).
B i 3 Cho hai dao ng cng phng, cng tn s, c cc phng trnh dao ng l :
1 2
3sin( )( ); 4sin( )( )
4 4
x t cm x t cm

+ . Tm bin ca dao ng tng hp trn?
B i 4. Hai dao ng c iu ho, cng phng, cng tn s gc 50 / rad s , c bin ln lt l 6cm
v 8cm, dao ng th hai tr pha hn dao ng th nht l
2
rad
. Xc nh bin ca dao ng tng hp.

T suy ra dao ng tng hp.
DNG 16. HIN TNG CNG HNG C HC
Nguyn nh Khang
30
O P
2
P
1
P
x
M
M
2
M
1
I. Phng php
H dao ng c tn s dao ng ring l f
0
, nu h chu tc dng ca lc cng bc bin thin tun hon vi
tn s f th bin dao ng ca h ln nht khi: f
0
= f
II. Bi Tp
B i 1. Mt chic xe gn my chy trn mt con ng lt gch, c cch khong 9m trn ng li c mt
rnh nh. Chu k dao ng ring ca khung xe my trn l xo gim xc l 1,5s. Hi vi vn tc bng bao
nhiu th xe b xc mnh nht.
Li Gii
Xe my b xc mnh nht khi f
0
= f
0
T T
m T = s/v suy ra v = s/T = 9/1,5 = 6(m/s) = 21,6(km/h).
B i 2. Mt ngi xch mt x nc i trn ng, mi bc i c 50cm. Chu k dao ng ca nc trong
x l 1s. Ngi i vi vn tc no th nc trong x b snh nhiu nht.
/s : v = 1,8km/h
B i 3. Mt hnh khch dng mt si dy cao su treo mt ti xch ln trn toa tu ngay v tr pha trn mt
trc bnh xe ca tu ho. Khi lng ti xch l 16kg, h s cng ca dy cao su 900N/m, chiu di
ca mi thanh ray l 12,5m, ch ni hai thanh ray c khe nh. Tu chy vi vn tc bng bao nhiu th ti
xch dao ng mnh nht?
/s:v = 15m/s=54km/h
B i 4. Mt con lc n c di l = 30cm c treo trong toa tu ngay v tr pha trn trc ca bnh xe.
Chiu di ca mi thanh ray l 12,5m. Vn tc tu bng bao nhiu th con lc dao ng mnh nht?
/s : v = 41km/h
DNG 17. DAO NG CA CON LC L XO TRONG TRNG LC L
I. Phng php
* Lc l l lc y Acsimet.
A
F DV g
uur ur
- Vt VTCB : 0 0
dh A dh A
P F F P F F + +
ur uuur uur
0
. . . 0 mg k l S h Dg
(1)
- Xt vt thi im t, c li x:
dh A dh A
P F F ma P F F ma + +
ur uuur uur r
0
( ) ( ). . " mg k l x S h x D g mx + +
0
. . ( ) " mg k l S h Dg x k SDg mx +
Thay (1) vo ta c: " . 0
k SDg
x x
m
+
+ C nghim dng
. ( ) x Acos t +
. Vy vt m dao ng iu ho vi tn s gc

k SDg
m
*Lc l l lc qun tnh. .

qt
F ma
uur r
trong h quy chiu khng qun tnh ngoi lc n hi ca l xo, trng lc tc dng vo vt, vt cn chu tc
dng ca lc qun tnh. Du - cho ta bit lc qun tnh lun hng ngc vi gia tc ca chuyn ng.
* Lc ma st.
.
mst
F N
II. Bi Tp
B i 1. Mt vt nng c dng hnh tr c khi lng m = 0,4kg, chiu cao
h = 10cm, tit din S = 50cm
2
, c treo vo mt l xo c cng k = 150N/m. Khi cn bng, mt na vt
b nhng chm trong cht lng c khi lng ring
D = 10
3
kg/m
3
. Ko vt theo phng thng ng xung di mt on l 4cm ri th nh cho vt dao ng.
B qua sc cn. Ly g = 10m/s.
1. Xc nh bin dng ca l xo ti VTCB.
2. Chng minh vt dao ng iu ho. Tnh chu k dao ng ca vt.
Nguyn nh Khang
31
P
ur
dh
F
uuur
A
F
uur
k
1
m k
2

3. Tnh c nng ca vt.
B i 2. Treo con lc l xo gm mt vt nng c khi lng m = 200g vo l xo c cng k = 80N/m v
chiu di t nhin l
0
= 24cm trong thang my. Cho thang my chuyn ng ln trn nhanh dn u vi gia
tc a = 2m/s
2
. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
1.Tnh bin dng ca l xo ti VTCB.
2. Kch thch cho vt dao ng vi bin nh theo phng thng ng. Chng ming m dao ng iu ho.
Tnh chu k ca dao ng. C nhn xt g v kt qu?
B i 3. Mt con lc l xo gm mt vt nng c khi lng m = 250g gn vo l xo c cng k = 100N/m
v chiu di t nhin l
0
= 30cm. Mt u l xo treo vo thang my. Cho thang my chuyn ng nhanh dn
u ln trn vi vn tc ban u bng khngv gia tc a th thy rng l xo c chiu di l l
1
= 33cm.
1. Tnh gia tc a ca thang my. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
2. Ko vt nng xung di n v tr sao cho l xo c chiu di l
2
= 36cm ri th nh nhng cho dao ng
iu ho. Tnh chu k v bin ca con lc.
B i 4 Mt vt c khi lng m c gn vo mt l xo c cng kv khi lng l xo khng ng k.
Ko vt ri VTCB dc theo trc ca l xo mt on a ri th nh nhng cho dao ng. H s ma st gia vt
m v mt phng nm ngang l
khng i. Gia tc trng trng

l g. B qua lc cn ca khng kh. Tnh thi gian thc hin dao ng u
tin ca vt.
B i 5. Gn mt vt c khi lng m = 200g vo l xo c cng k = 80N/m. Mt u l xo c gi c
nh. Ko m khi VTCB mt on 10cm dc theo trc ca l xo ri th nh nhng cho vt dao ng. Bit h
s ma st gia m v mt nm ngang l
= 0,1. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
1. Tm chiu di qung ng m vt i c cho n khi dng li.
2. Chng minh rng gim bin dao ng sau mi mt chu k l mt s khng i.
3. Tm thi gian dao ng ca vt.
Li gii
1. khi c ma st vt dao ng tt dn cho n khi dng li. C nng b trit tiu bi cng ca lc ma st. Ta
c:

2
1
. . .
2
ms
kA F s mg s

2 2
. 80.0,1
2
2 . 2.0,1.0, 2.10
k A
s m
mg

2.Gi s ti thi im vt ang v tr c bin A
1
. Sau na chu k , vt n v tr c bin A
2
. S gim
bin l do cng ca lc ma st trn on ng
(A
1
+ A
2
) lm gim c nng ca vt. Ta c:
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 1
. ( )
2 2
kA kA mg A A +
1 2
2 .mg
A A
k
. Lp lun tng t, khi vt i t v tr bin A

2
n v tr c bin A
3
, tc l na
chu k tip theo th:
2 3
2 .mg
A A
k
. gim bin sau mi mt chu k l:

1 2 2 3
4 .
( ) ( )
mg
A A A A A
k
+ = Const.
pcm
3. gim bin sau mi mt chu k l:
0, 01 1 A m cm
S chu k thc hin l 10
A
n
A

chu k. Vy thi gian dao ng l:

t = n.T = 3,14s
DNG 18. DAO NG CA MT VT GN VI H HAI L XO
I. Phng php
Nguyn nh Khang
32
k
1
m k
2

k
1
m k
2

A. H hai l xo cha c lin kt.
t vn : Hai l xo c chiu di t nhin L
01
v L
02
. Hai u ca l xo gn vo 2 im c nh A v B.
Hai u cn li gn vo 1 vt c khi lng m. Chng minh m dao ng iu ho, vit phng trng dao
ng,...
* Trng hp 1. AB = L
01
+ L
02
.
( Ti VTCB hai l xo khng bin dng )
Xt vt m thi im t c li l x:

1 2
.
dh dh
ma F F +
r uuur uuuur
. Chiu ln trc Ox, ta c:
1 2 1 2
. . ( ) ma k x k x x k k +

1 2
1 2
( ) 0 " . 0
k k
ma x k k x x
m
+
+ + + . t
2 1 2
k k
m
+
. Vy ta c:
2
" . 0 x x + C nghim l
. ( ) x Acos t +
. Vy vt m dao ng iu ho vi tn s gc l
1 2
k k
m
* Trng hp 2. AB > L
01
+ L
02
( Trong qu trnh dao ng hai l xo lun lun b dn ).
- Cch 1: Gi
1
l
v
2
l
ln lt l dn ca hai l xo ti VTCB
+ Xt vt m VTCB:
0 1 0 2
0
dh dh
F F +
uuuur uuuuur
.
Chiu ln trc Ox, ta c
2 2 1 1
. . 0 k l k l
(1)
+ Xt vt m thi im t, c li x:
1 2
.
dh dh
ma F F +
r uuur uuuur
Chiu ln trc Ox:
2 1 2 2 1 1
" ( ) ( )
dh dh
ma F F mx k l x k l x +
(2)
1 2 1 2
. . ( ) ma k x k x x k k +
1 2
1 2
( ) 0 " . 0
k k
ma x k k x x
m
+
+ + + . t
2 1 2
k k
m
+
. Vy ta c:
2
. ( ) x Acos t +
1 2
k k
m
- Cch 2: Gi x
0
l khong cch t v tr ( sao cho mt trong hai l xo khng b bin dng ) n VTCB ca
vt m. Gi s L
02
c chiu di t nhin. Ta c
+ Vt m VTCB :
0 1 0 2
0
dh dh
F F +
uuuur uuuuur

2 0 1 0
. .( ) 0 k x k d x
(3). Trong d = AB ( L
01
+ L
02
); x
0
l khong cch t v tr m L
02
khng b
bin dng n VTCB.
1 2
.
dh dh
ma F F +
r uuur uuuur
Chiu ln trc Ox:
2 0 1 0
.( ) .( ) " k x x k d x x mx +
(4). Thay (3) vo (4) ta c

1 2 1 2
" . . ( ) mx k x k x x k k +
1 2
1 2
" ( ) 0 " . 0
k k
mx x k k x x
m
+
+ + + . t
2 1 2
k k
m
+
. Vy ta c:
2
. ( ) x Acos t +
1 2
k k
m
+
.
* Trng hp 3. AB < L
01
+ L
02
( trong qu trnh dao ng hai l xo lun lun b nn ).
- Cch 1: Gi
1
l
v
2
l
ln lt l nn ca hai l xo ti VTCB
+ Xt vt m VTCB:
0 1 0 2
0
dh dh
F F +
uuuur uuuuur
.
Chiu ln trc Ox, ta c
2 2 1 1
. . 0 k l k l +
(1)
1 2
.
dh dh
ma F F +
r uuur uuuur
Chiu ln trc Ox:
2 1 2 2 1 1
" ( ) ( )
dh dh
ma F F mx k l x k l x + + +
(2)
Nguyn nh Khang
33
A
B
k
1
m k
2

O
x ( + )
k
1
m k
2

1 2 1 2
. . ( ) ma k x k x x k k +
1 2
1 2
( ) 0 " . 0
k k
ma x k k x x
m
+
+ + + . t
2 1 2
k k
m
+
. Vy ta c:
2
. ( ) x Acos t +
1 2
k k
m
- Cch 2: Gi x
0
l khong cch t v tr ( sao cho mt trong hai l xo khng b bin dng ) n VTCB ca
vt m. Gi s L
02
c chiu di t nhin. Ta c
+ Vt m VTCB :
0 1 0 2
0
dh dh
F F +
uuuur uuuuur

2 0 1 0
. .( ) 0 k x k d x +
(3).
Trong d = AB ( L
01
+ L
02
); x
0
l khong cch t v tr m L
02
khng b bin dng n VTCB.
1 2
.
dh dh
ma F F +
r uuur uuuur
Chiu ln trc Ox:
2 0 1 0
.( ) .( ) " k x x k d x x mx + +
(4). Thay (3) vo (4) ta c

1 2 1 2
" . . ( ) mx k x k x x k k +
1 2
1 2
" ( ) 0 " . 0
k k
mx x k k x x
m
+
+ + + . t
2 1 2
k k
m
+
. Vy ta c:
2
. ( ) x Acos t +
1 2
k k
m
+
.
B. H hai l xo c lin kt rng rc.
p dng nh lut bo ton cng: Cc my c hc khng cho ta li v
cng, c li bao nhiu ln v lc th thit by nhiu ln v ng i .
II. Bi Tp
B i 1. ( Bi 56/206 Bi ton dao ng v sng c) Cho h dao ng nh hnh v. Chiu di t nhin v
cng ca cc l xo ln lt l l
01
= 20cm, l
02
= 25cm, k
1
= 40N/m, k
2
= 50N/m. Vt nng c khi lng m =
100g, kch thch khng ng k. Khong cch AB = 50cm. B qua mi ma st.
1. Tnh bin dng ca mi l xo ti v tr cn bng.
2. T VTCB ko v pha B mt on 3cm ri th nh.
a. Chng t m dao ng iu ho v vit phng trnh dao ng.
b. Tm cng ca h l xo v lc n hi ln nht xut hin trn cc l xo.
Bi 2. ( Bi 57/206 Bi ton dao ng v sng c)
Mt vt c khi lng m = 300g
c gn vo hai l xo c cng k
1
, k
2

nh hnh v. Hai l xo c cng chiu di
t nhin l
0
= 50cm v k
1
= 2k
2
.
Nguyn nh Khang
34
m
k
1
k
2
m
k
1
k
2
A
B
k
1
m k
2

O
x ( + )
m
B
k

m
A
Khong cch AB = 100cm. Ko vt theo phng AB ti v tr cch A mt on 45cm ri th nh cho vt
dao ng. B qua mi ma st, khi lng ca l xo v kch thc ca vt m.
1. Chng minh m dao ng iu ho.
2. Sau thi gian t =
15
s
k t lc th ra, vt i dc qung ng di 7,5cm. Tnh k

1
, k
2
.
B i 3. ( Bi 58/206 Bi ton dao ng v sng c).
Mt vt c khi lng m = 100g, chiu di khng ng k, c th trt khng ma st trn mt phng nm
ngang. Vt c ni vi hai l xo L
1
, L
2
c cng ln lt l k
1
= 60N/m, k
2
= 40N/m. Ngi ta ko vt
n v tr sao cho L
1
dn mt on 20 l cm th thy L
2
khng b bin dng. B qua mi ma st v khi
lng ca l xo.
1. Chng minh vt m dao ng iu ho.
2. Vit phng trnh dao ng. Tnh chu k dao ng v nng lng ca dao ng cho
2
10 .
3. V v tnh cng cc lc do cc l xo tc dng ln cc im c nh A v B ti thi im t = T/2.
Bi 4. ( Bi 60/206 Bi ton dao ng v sng c)
Hai l xo c khi lng khng ng k, cng chiu di t nhin l
0
, cng cng
k = 1000N/m v vt c khi lng m = 2kg, kch thc khng ng k. Cc l xo lun thng
ng. Ly g = 10m/s
2
;
2
10 .
1. Tnh bin dng ca mi l xo khi vt cn bng.
2. a m n v tr cc l xo c chiu di t nhin ri bung ra khng vn tc ban u.
Chng minh m dao ng iu ho. Vit phng trnh dao ng ( Gc to l VTCB, chiu
dng hng xung, gc thi gian l lc th ).
3. Xc nh ln v phng chiu ca cc lc n hi do tng l xo tc dng vo m khi m
xung v tr thp nht.
B i 5. ( Bi 97/206 Bi ton dao ng v sng c)
Cho mt l xo c cu to ng u, khi lng khng ng k, c chiu di t nhin l
0
= 45cm, h s n hi k
0
200N/m. Ct l xo thnh hai l xo L
1
, L
2
c chiu di v h s
n hi l l
1
,k
1
v l
2
, k
2
; l
2
= 2.l
1
.
1.Chng minh rng k
1
/k
2
= l
2
/l
1
. Tnh k
1
, k
2
.
2. B tr c h nh hnh v. Cc dy ni khng dn, khi lng khng ng k, khi
lng rng rc b qua, kch thc ca m khng ng k. Ko m xung di theo
phng thng ng khi VTCB mt on x
0
= 2cm ri bung ra khng vn tc ban u.
a. Chng minh m dao ng iu ho.
b. Vit phng trnh dao ng, bit chu k dao ng l T = 1s, ly
2
10 .
c. Tnh lc tc dng cc i ln im A, lc tc dng cc tiu ln im B. Ly g = 10m/s
2

DNG 19. MT S BI TON V H HAI VT GN VI L XO
B i 1. Mt vt nh khi lng m = 200g treo vo si dy AB khng dn v treo vo l xo c
cng k = 20N/m nh hnh v. Ko l xo xung di VTCB mt on 2cm ri th ra
khng vn tc ban u. Chn gc to l VTCB ca m, chiu dng hng xung, gc thi
gian l lc th. Cho g = 10m/s
2
.
Nguyn nh Khang
35
K
1
m
K
2
k
A
B
m
m
k
1
k
2
k
2
m
B
k

m
A
1. Chng minh m dao ng iu ho. Vit phng trnh dao ng ( B qua khi lng ca l
xo v dy treo AB. B qua lc cn ca khng kh ).
2. Tm biu thc ph thuc vo thi gian ca lc cng dy. V th s ph thuc ny.
3. Bin dao ng ca m phi tho mn iu kin no dy AB lun cng m khng t. Bit rng dy
ch chu c lc cng ti a l T
max
= 3N.
B i 2. Mt l xo c cng k = 80N/m. u trn c gn c nh u di treo mt vt nh A c khi
lng m
1
. Vt A c ni vi vt B c khi lng m
2
bng mt si dy khng dn. B qua khi lng ca
l xo v dy ni. Cho g = 10m/s
2
,
m
1
= m
2
= 200g.
1. H ng yn, v hnh ch r cc lc tc dng ln vt A v B. Tnh lc cng ca dy v dn
ca l xo.
2. Gi s ti thi im t = 0, dy ni AB b t. Vt A dao ng iu ho. Vit phng trnh dao
ng ca vt A.( Chn gc to l VTCB ca A, chiu dng hng xung ).
B i 3. Cho h vt dao ng nh hnh v. Hai vt c khi lng l M
1
v M
2
. L xo c cng
k, khi lng khng ng k v lun c phng thng ng. n vt M
1
thng ng xung di
mt on x
0
= a ri th nh cho dao ng.
1. Tnh gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca lc m l xo p xung gi .
2. M
2
khng b nng ln khi mt gi th x
0
phi tho mn iu kin g?
Li gii
1. Chn HQC nh hnh v. Cc lc tc dng vo M
1
gm:
1
;
dh
P F
ur uuur
- Khi M
1
VTCB ta c:
1
0
dh
P F +
ur uuur
. Chiu ln Ox ta c:
1
1 1
0 . 0
dh
M g
P F M g k l l
k
(1)
- Xt M
1
v tr c li x, ta c:
1 dh
P F ma +
ur uuur r
. Chiu ln Ox ta c:
1 1
.( )
dh
P F ma M g k l x ma +
(2)
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c: " " . 0
k
mx kx x x
m
+ . t
2
k
m
, vy ta c
2
" . 0 x x + C nghim dng
. ( ) x Acos t +
. Vy M
1
dao ng iu ho.
- Khi t = 0 ta c : x = x
0
= a = A cos
; v = v
0
= - A.
.sin
= 0. Suy ra
0; A a
;
1
k
M

. Vy phng trnh l:
. ( . ) x a cos t
.
- Da vo hnh v ta c lc p xung gi l:
'
dh
P F F +
uuur
ur ur
. Chiu ln Ox ta c:

2
.( ) F M g k l x + +

Lc n hi Max khi x = +A = +a
2
.( )
Max
F M g k l a + +
Lc n hi Min khi x = -A = -a
2
.( )
Min
F M g k l a +
.
2. iu kin M
2
khng b nng ln khi gi l F
min
0

2
min 2
. .
.( ) 0
M g k l
F M g k l a a
k
+
+ .
B i 4. Cho h dao ng nh hnh v.: k = 100N/m; m
A
= 100g; m
B
= 200g. Thi im ban u ko
m
A
xung di mt on 1cm v truyn cho n vn tc 0, 3 m/s. Bit on dy JB khng dn,
khi lng dy khng ng k. Ly g = 10m/s
2
,
2
10 .
1. Tnh bin dng ca l xo ti VTCB.
2. Bit rng vi iu kin trn ch c m
A
dao ng. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca m
A
.
Nguyn nh Khang
36
k
A
B
M
1
k
M
2
O
x (+)
1
P
ur
dh
F
uuur
2
P
ur '
dh
F
uuur
m
B
k

m
A
J
3. Tm iu kin ca bin dao ng ca m
A
m
B
lun ng yn.
Ch 2. CON LC N
A. KIN THC C BN.
1. M t con lc n: Gm mt si dy khng dn, mt u c treo vo mt im c nh, u con li
gn vo mt vt khi lng m, kch thc ca m khng ng k, rt nh so vi chiu di ca dy, khi lng
Nguyn nh Khang
37
ca dy coi khng ng k. B qua sc cn ca khng kh. Khi gc lch ca con lc n < 10
0
th dao ng
ca con lc n c coi l dao ng iu ho.
2. Phng trnh dao ng ca con lc n. Phng trnh
0
. ( . ) s S cos t +

hoc theo li gc l:
0
. ( . ) cos t +
vi
0
0
S
l
.
+ Tn s gc ca dao ng:
g
l

+ Chu k v tn s ca dao ng:
1 2
2 .
l
T
f g

3. Vn tc, ng nng, th nng, c nng.
- Vn tc:
0
' . .sin( . ) v s S t +
- ng nng ca con lc:
2 2 2 2
0
1 1
. . . . .sin ( . )
2 2
d
W mv m S t + .
- Th nng ca con lc:
2 2 2
0
1 1
. . (1 ) . . ( . )
2 2
t
W m g h mgl cos mgl mgl cos t +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
1 1
. . . . ( . ) . . ( . )
2 2
t
W m l cos t m S cos t + +
- C nng:
2 2 2
0 0
1 1
. . . . .
2 2
d t
W W W m S m g l + =Const.
- Ch : Khi gc lch
ln th dao ng khng phi l dao ng iu ho m ch l dao ng tun hon.

4. Cng thc gn ng.
- (1 ) 1 .
n
n t t Vi 1 <<
-
2
1 (1 )(1 ) 1 + Vi 1 <<
-
1 2
1 2 3
3
(1 ) .(1 )
1
(1 )
m n
p
a a
ma na pa
a
t t
t t
t
m
Vi 1 <<
5. Con lc n khng phi l mt dao ng t do v chu k ca n ph thuc vo cc yu t bn ngoi
nh: nhit , v , cao,...
- Cng thc v s n di:
0
.(1 . ) l l t +
Trong l v l
0
tng ng l chiu di ca con lc t
0
C v
0
0
C, cn l h s n di.
- Cng thc gia tc trng trng ph thuc vo: cao, v , lc l,...

2
0
.( )
h
R
g g
R h
+
hay
2
.
( )
h
M
g G
R h
+
6. Vn tc ti mt v tr
:
- W
A
= mgl(1 cos
0
)
- W
B
=
2
1
. (1 )
2
mv mgl cos +
- p dng nh lut bo ton c nng ta c: W
A
= W
B

0
2 ( ) v gl cos cos .
7. Lc cng ca dy treo.
Xt con lc ti v tr lch so vi phng thng ng mt gc
. Vn dng
LII NiuTn, ta c:
. P ma +
ur r r
. Chiu ln trc to , c phng dc dy
treo, gc ti VTCB ca vt, chiu dng hng t di ln.
Nguyn nh Khang
38
0
O
A
B
P
ur
r

. . ma P cos ma mg cos +
m
2
v
a
l
thay v xung ta c:
0
0
2 .( )
2 .( )
gl cos cos
a g cos cos
l

. Vy ta c:
0
3 . 2 . mg cos mg cos

B. CC DNG BI TP
DNG 1. PHNG TRNH DAO NG V TNH CC I LNG C
TRNG T PHNG TRNH DAO NG
I. Phng php
- Phng trnh dao ng c dng:
0
. ( . ) s S cos t +
Ch : :
g
l
;
1 2
2 .
l
T
f g

;
0
0 0 0
.
S
S l
l

- Vic tm cc i lng nh: s, v, W
, W
t
, W,...hay xc nh cc thi im con lc c li , vn tc, khong
thi gian con lc i t s
1
n s
2
cng thc hin tng t nh con lc l xo.
II. Bi Tp.
B i 1. ( Bi 108/206 Bi ton dao ng v sng c )
Mt con lc n dao ng iu ho vi chu k T = 4s v bin S
0
= 6cm.
1. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca con lc. Chn gc thi gian l lc con lc qua VTCB theo chiu dng.
2. Tnh di v vn tc ca vt nng ti cc thi im t
1
= 0,5s v t
2
= 1s. T kt qu tnh c suy ra trng
thi dao ng ca con lc cc thi im .
3. Tnh thi gian ngn nht con lc i t:
a. VTCB n v tr s =3cm.
b. V tr s = 3cm n v tr S
0
= 6cm. Nhn xt v kt qu tm c.
Li Gii
1. Phng trnh dao ng c dng:
0
. ( . ) s S cos t +
Trong : S
0
= 6cm;
2 2
( / )
4 2
rad s
T

Theo bi , t = 0 th s = 0 v v = s = -
.S
0
.sin
> 0, ta c:
0
sin 0
cos
<

( )
2
rad
. Vy
phng trnh l : 6. ( . )( )
2 2
s cos t cm

.
2. Phng trnh vn tc c dng: v = s = -
0
. .sin( . ) .6.sin( )
2 2 2
S t t

+ (cm/s)
Hay 3 .sin( )( / )
2 2
v t cm s

.
+ Khi t = t
1
= 0,5s:
2
6. ( . )( ) 6. ( .0, 5 )( ) 6. ( )( ) 6. ( ) 3. 2( )
2 2 2 2 4 2
s cos t cm cos cm cos cm cm cm

.
2
3 .sin( ) 3 .sin( .0, 5 ) 3 .sin( ) 3 .( ) 1, 5 2( / )
2 2 2 2 4 2
v t cm s

.
+ Khi t = t
2
= 1s:
6. ( . )( ) 6. ( .1 )( ) 6. (0)( ) 6( )
2 2 2 2
s cos t cm cos cm cos cm cm

.
Nguyn nh Khang
39
3 .sin( ) 3 .sin( .1 ) 3 .sin(0) 0.
2 2 2 2
v t

3.+ Cc thi im vt i t VTCB n v tr c s = 3cm.

1
3 6. ( . ) ( . )
2 2 2 2 2
s cos t cos t

. .2
2 2 3
. .2
2 2 3
t k
t k

+
+
(vi k Z )
. .2
2 3 2
. .2
2 3 2
t k
t k

+ +
+ +
5
4 ; (1)
3
1
4 ; (2)
3
t k
t k
+
+
vi k
Z
H thc (1) ng vi trng hp con lc qua v tr s = 3cm theo chiu ngc vi chiu dng; h thc (2) ng
vi con lc i theo chiu dng trc to . Vy thi gian ngn nht con lc i t VTCB n v tr s =
3cm l t
1
= 1/3 (s) vi k = 0.
+ Thi gian vt i t VTCB n v tr bin l :
4
T

Thi gian ngn nht con lc i t v tr s = 3cm n

v tr bin s = 6cm l: t
2
=
1
4
T
t = 2/3(s).
* Nhn xt: Tuy hai qung ng l nh nhau nhng thi gian i cc qung ng l khc nhau v
chuyn ng c vn tc thay i theo thi gian t.
Mt con lc c chiu di l = 1m, vt nng c khi lng m = 100g. Ko con lc ra khi VTCB mt gc
0
=
6
0
ri th khng vn tc ban u.
1. Lp biu thc vn tc ng vi li gc
. Suy ra biu thc vn tc cc i.

2. Lp biu thc lc cng ng vi li gc
. Suy ra biu thc lc cng cc i, cc tiu. Ly g = 10m/s

2
,
2
10.
/s: 1. v
max
= 33cm/s; 2.
min
1, 01 ; 0, 99
max
N N
.
Mt con lc n gm mt si dy c chiu di l = 1m, khi lng vt nng m = 100g. Khi con lc ang v
tr cn bng, dng ba g nh vo qu nng lm cho n c vn tc v
0
= 20cm/s theo phng thng nm ngang
cho con lc dao ng. B qua mi ma st v lc cn. Ly g = 10m/s
2
v
2
10.
1. Tnh gc lch cc i ca con lc khi VTCB.
2. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca con lc, chn gc thi gian l lc bt u dao ng v chiu dng l
chiu ca vct
0
v
uur
.
3. Xc nh thi im u tin vn tc c ln bng na vn tc v
0
.
/s: 1.
0
= 0,0632(rad); 2. s = 6,32.cos( .
2
t

)cm; 3. t = 1/3 (s).
Mt con lc n gm mt si dy c chiu di l = 1m, treo vt nng c khi lng m = 100g. Khi con lc
ang VTCB, ngi ta truyn cho vt nng vn tc ban u v
0
theo phng ngang cho con lc dao ng. B
qua mi ma st v lc cn.
Coi dao ng ca con lc l dao ng nh. Lp biu thc vn tc ca vt nng v lc cng ca dy treo theo
li gc . Xt trng hp vn tc v lc cng cc i, cc tiu.
/s: a) v
max
= v
0
khi = 0, v
min
= 0 khi =
0
.
Nguyn nh Khang
40
b)
1,1
max
N
khi = 0 ,
min
0, 95N
khi =
0
.
Bi 5. Mt con lc n c chiu di l = 1m treo vt nng c khi lng 50g.
a. Cho con lc n dao ng vi li gic gc cc i
0
0,1( ) rad
. Tm chu k v vit phng trnh dao ng
con lc. Chn gc thi gian l lc vt v tr bin
0

.
b. Cho con lc n dao ng vi li gic gc cc i
0
= 60
0
. Tm vn tc di ca con lc. Tnh lc cng khi
= 0
0
, = 30
0
.
c. Trng hp con lc dao ng vi
0
= 60
0
, ngi ta t dy treo con lc khi qua VTCB.
+ Tm vn tc, ng nng ca hn bi khi chm t. Bit VTCB cch mt t l 4m.
+ Tm khong cch t im hn bi chm t n ng thng ng i qua im treo. Ly g = 10m/s
2
,
2
10. B qua mi ma st.
/s: a) s = 10.cos(
.t
)cm; b) = 0
0
th
( / ); 1( ) v m s N
; = 30
0
th
3 3 2
. 3 1( / ); ( )
4
v m s N

c)
) 3 ( / ); 2, 25( ).
) 2 2( )
d
max
v m s W J
x m
+
+

DNG 2. QUAN H GIA CHU K, TN S V CHIU DI CA CON LC
I. Phng php
- Chu k ca con lc:
2
2
1 2 4 .
2 .
l l
T g
f g T

.
- Hai con lc n c chiu di l l
1
, l
2
dao ng vi chu k tng ng l T
1
, T
2
.
+ Con lc c chiu di: l = l
1
+ l
2
, c chu k dao ng T c xc nh theo biu thc:
2 2
1 2
T T T + .
+ Con lc c chiu di: l = l
1
- l
2
, c chu k dao ng T c xc nh theo biu thc:
2 2
1 2
' T T T .
- Trong cng mt khong thi gian, con lc c chu k T
1
thc hin N
1
dao ng, con lc c chu k T
2
thc
hin N
2
dao ng th ta c:

1 2 1 2
1 1 2 2
2 1 2 1
. .
N T f l
N T N T
N T f l

.
II.Bi Tp.
B i 1. Mt con lc c di bng l
1
dao ng vi chu k T
1
= 1,5s. Mt con lc khc c di l
2
dao ng
vi chu k T
2
= 2s. Tm chu k ca con lc c di bng l
1
+ l
2
; l
2
l
1
.
/s: T = 2,5(s); T = 4 2, 25 1, 75 (s).
B i 2. Hai con lc n c chiu di l
1
, l
2
( l
1
>l
2
) v c chu k dao ng tng ng l T
1
v T
2
ti ni c gia
tc trng trng g = 9,8m/s
2
. Bit rng ti ni , con lc c chiu di l
1
+ l
2
c chu k dao ng l 1,8s v
con lc c chiu di l
1
l
2
dao ng vi chu k 0,9s. Tm T
1
, T
2
v l
1
, l
2
.
/s: T
1
= 1,42s, T
2
= 1,1s; l
1
= 50,1cm, l
2
= 30,1cm.
B i 3. Mt hc sinh buc hn vo u mt si dy nh v cho n dao ng. Trong 10 pht n thc hin
c 299 dao ng. V khng xc nh c chnh xc di ca con lc ny, hc sinh ct ngn si
dy bt 40cm, ri cho n dao ng li. Trong 10 pht n thc hin c 386 dao ng. Hy dng kt qu
xc nh gia tc trng trng ni lm th nghim.
/s: g = 9,80m/s
2
.
Nguyn nh Khang
41
B i 4. Trong cng mt khong thi gian, con lc th nht thc hin c 10 chu k dao ng, con lc th hai
thc hin 6 chu k dao ng. Bit hiu s chiu di dy treo ca chng l 48cm.
1. Tm chiu di dy treo mi con lc.
2. Xc nh chu k dao ng tng ng. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
/s: 1) l
1
= 27cm, l
2
= 75cm; 2) T
1
= 1,03s, T
2
= 1,73s.
B i 5. Mt vt rn c khi lng m = 1,5kg c th quay quanh mt trc nm ngang. Di tc dng ca
trng lc, vt dao ng nh vi chu k T = 0,5s. Khong cch t trc quay n trng tm ca vt rn l d =
10cm. Tnh mmen qun tnh ca vt i vi trc quay. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
/s: I = 0,0095kg.m
2
.
B i 6. Mt con lc n c chiu di l l dao ng vi chu k T
0
= 2s.
1. Tnh chu k ca con lc khi chiu di ca dy treo tng ln 1% chiu di ban u.
2. Nu ti thi im ban u hai con lc trn cng qua VTCB v chuyn ng cng chiu. Tm thi gian m
chng lp li trng thi trn. Khi mi con lc thc hin bao nhiu dao ng?
/s: 1) T = 2,0099s; 2) T
0
- 201, T 200 dao ng.
DNG 3. TM S BIN THIN CHU K CA CON LC N KHI THAY I
NHIT , CAO, V TR TRN TRI T
I. Phng php
- Vit biu thc tnh chu k ca con lc khi cha c s thay i: 2
l
T
g
.
- Vit biu thc tnh chu k ca con lc khi c s thay i:
'
' 2
'
l
T
g
.
- Lp t s:
' '.
. '
T l g
T l g
. p dng cng thc gn ng, ta c:
'
' .
T
m T mT
T
.
- Tnh T :
' .( 1) T T T T m
+ 0 ' 1 T T T m > > > Chu k tng.
+ 0 ' 1 T T T m < < < Chu k gim.
II. Bi Tp
ngi ta a mt con lc t mt t ln cao h = 10km. Phi gim di ca n i bao nhiu chu k
dao ng ca n khng thay i. Cho bn knh tri t
R = 6400km v b qua s nh hng ca nhit .
/s: Gim 0,3% chiu di ban u ca con lc.
Mt con lc Phu c treo thnh Ixac( XanhPtecbua) l mt conlc n c chiu di 98m. Gia tc ri t do
XanhPtecbua l 9,819m/s
2
.
1. Tnh chu k dao ng ca con lc .
2. Nu treo con lc H Ni, chu k ca n s l bao nhiu? Bit gia tc ri t do ti H Ni l 9,793m/s
2
v b qua nh hng ca nhit .
3. Nu mun con lc khi treo H Ni m vn dao ng vi chu k nh XanhPtecbua th phi thay i
di ca n nh th na?
/s: 1) T
1
= 19,84s; 2) T
2
= 19,87s; 3) Gim mt lng
' 0, 26 26 l l l m cm
.
B i 3. Con lc ton mt t, nhit 30
0
C, c chu k T = 2s. a ln cao
h = 0,64km, nhit 5
0
C, chu k tng hay gim bao nhiu? Cho h s n di
5 1
2.10 K

.
/s: Chu k gim 3.10
-4
s.
Nguyn nh Khang
42
B i 4. Con lc n dao ng b mt t c nhit 30
0
C. a ln cao
h = 0,64km chu k dao ng b vn khng thay i. Bit h s n di ca dy treo l
5 1
2.10 K

. Hy
tnh nhit cao ny. Cho bn knh tri t R = 6400km.
/s: 20
0
C.
B i 5 . Con lc ton hc di 1m 20
0
C dao ng nh ni g =
2
(SI).
1. Tnh chu k dao ng.
2. Tng nhit ln 40
0
C, chu k ca con lc tng hay gim bao nhiu? Bit h s n di ca dy treo con lc
l
5 1
2.10 K

.
/s: 1) 2s; 2) Tng 4.10
-4
s.
B i 6. Mt con lc ng c chu k dao ng T
1
= 1s ti ni c gia tc trng trng g =
2
(m/s
2
), nhit t
1
= 20
0
C.
1. Tm chiu di dy treo con lc 20
0
C.
2. Tnh chu k dao ng ca con lc ti ni nhit 30
0
C. Cho h s n di ca dy treo con lc l
5 1
4.10 K

.
/s: 1) l
1
= 0,25m = 25cm; 2) T
2
= 1,0002s.
DNG 4. TM S BIN THIN CHU K CA CON LC N
KHI THAY I TRNG TRNG LC
I. Phng php
- Chu k ca con lc khi gia tc trng trng lc l g
1
:
1
1
2 .
l
T
g

.
- Chu k ca con lc khi gia tc trng trng lc l g
2
:
2
2
2 .
l
T
g

.
- Lp t s:
2 1 1
2 1
1 2 2
.
T g g
T T
T g g

. Trong g = G.
2
M
R
.
- Trong cng mt khong thi gian, ng h c chu k con lc l T
1
c s ch t
1
th ng h c chu k con lc
l T
2
c s ch t
2
, ta c: t
2
.T
2
= t
1
. T
1

2 1
1 2
.
t T
t T

II.Bi Tp
B i 1. Mt Trng c khi lng bng
1
81
khi lng Tri t v c bn knh bng
1
3, 7
bn knh Tri t.
Coi nhit Mt Trng c gi nh trn Tri t.
a. Chu k dao ng ca mt con lc n thay i nhu th no khi a con lc t Tri t ln Mt Trng?
b. chu k ca con lc trn Mt Trng vn nh khi Tri t th cn phi thay i chiu di con lc nh
th no?
/s: a) T
MT
= 2,43. T
T
; b) 83,1%
l
l
.
B i 2. Ngi ta a mt ng fh qu lc t Tri t ln Mt Trng m khng iu chnh li. Theo ng h
ny trn Mt Trng th thi gian Tri t t quay c mt vng l bao nhiu? Bit gia tc ri t do trn
Mt Trng bng 1/6 gia tc ri t do trn Tri t v b qua s nh hng ca nhit .
/s: t
2
= 9
h
48
ph
.
DNG 5. TM S BIN THIN CHU K CA CON LC N KHI C LC
L
Nguyn nh Khang
43
I. Phng php
- Vit biu thc tnh chu k ca con lc khi cha c lc l: 2
l
T
g
.
- Vit biu thc tnh chu k ca con lc khi cha c lc l: ' 2
'
l
T
g
.
Trong g l gia tc trng trng biu kin c xc nh theo biu thc sau y:
' . ' .
n n
P P F m g m g F + +
uur ur uur uur ur uur
. Khi cn bng, dy treo con lc c phng ca
' P
uur
.
Ngoi lc
n
F
uur
c th l:
+ Lc in trng: .
d
F q E
uur ur

d
F E
uur ur
nu q > 0;
d
F E
uur ur
nu q < 0.
Ch : ln: F
=
. q E
v
U
E
d
.
+ Lc y Acsimt: . .
A
F V D g
uur ur
, c ln
. .
A
F V D g
.
+ Lc qun tnh: .
qt
F ma
uur r
, c ln
.
qt
F ma
.
+ Lc t:
. . .sin
t
F B I l
hoc
. . .sin
t
F q v B
.
II.Bi Tp
B i 1. Mt con lc n gm mt si dy c chiu di l = 1m v qu cu nh c khi lng m = 100g, c
treo ti ni c gia tc trng trng g = 9,8m/s
2
.
1. Tnh chu k dao ng nh cca qu cu.
2. Cho qu cu mang in q = 2,5.10
-4
C v to ra in trng u c cng in trng E = 1000V/m.
Hy xc nh phng ca dy treo con lc khi cn bng v chu k ca con lc trong cc trng hp:
a. Vc t
E
ur
hng thng ng xung di.
b. Vc t
E
ur
c phng nm ngang.
/s: 1) T
0
= 2s; 2a) T
1
= 1,8s; 2b) T
2
= 1,97s.
B i 2. Mt con lc n gm mt qu cu nh, khi lng 10g c treo bng mt si dy di 1m ti ni m
g = 10m/s
2
. Cho
2
10 .
1. Tnh chu k dao ng T
0
ca con lc.
2. Tch in cho qu cu mt in tch q = 10
-5
C ri cho n dao ng trong mt in trng u c phng
thng ng th thy chu k dao ng ca n l T =
0
2
.
3
T .
Xc nh chiu v ln ca cng in trng?
/s:
E
ur
c phng thng ng, c chiu hng xung, ln 1,25.10
4
V/m.
B i 3. Mt con lc n dao ng vi chu k T
0
trong chn khngv chu k T trong mt cht kh. Bit T khc
T
0
ch do lc y Acsimt.
1a. Chng minh rng T = T
0
.(1+
1
2
) . Trong
0
D
D
; D
0
l khi lng ring ca cht kh, D l khi
lng ring ca qu nng lm con lc.
1b. Tnh chu k T trong khng kh. Bit T
0
= 2s, D
0
= 1,300kg/m
3
, D = 8450kg/m
3
.
2. T = T
0
th phi tng hay gim nhit ca khng kh bao nhiu? Bit h s n di ca con lc l
5 1
1, 7.10 ( ) K

.
/s: 1) T = 2,00015s; 2)
0
9 t C .
Nguyn nh Khang
44
B i 4. Mt con lc dao ng vi bin nh c chu k T
0
ti ni c g = 10m/s
2
. Treo con lc trn mt
chic xe ri cho xe chuyn ng nhanh dn u trn mt mt ng nm ngang th dy treo hp vi phng
thng ng mt gc nh
0
0
9 .
a. Hy gii thch hin tng v tm gia tc a ca xe.
b. Cho con lc dao ng vi bin nh, tnh chu k T ca con lc theo T
0
.
/s: a) a = 1,57m/s
2
; b) T = T
0
. cos .
B i 5. Mt con lc n c chu k dao ng nh l T = 1,5s ti ni c gia tc trng trng g = 9,80m/s
2
. Treo
con lc trong mt thang my. Hy tnh chu k ca con lc trong cc trng hp sau:
a. Thang my i ln nhanh dn u vi gia tc a = 1m/s
2
.
b. Thang my i ln chm dn u vi gia tc a = 1m/s
2
.
c. Thang my chuyn ng thng u.
/s: a) 1,43s; b) 1,58s; c) 1,5s.
B i 6. Mt con lc ton hc c chiu di 17,32cm thc hin dao ng iu ho trn mt t chuyn ng
trn mt mt phng nghing mt gc
0
30 . Xc nh VTCB tng i ca con lc. Tm chu k dao ng
ca con lc trong hai trng hp:
a) t chuyn ng xung dc vi gia tc a = 5m/s
2
.
b) t chuyn ng ln dc vi gia tc a = 2m/s
2
. Ly g = 10m/s
2
,
2
10 .
DNG 6. TM THI GIAN NHANH HAY CHM CA CON LC NG H
TRONG THI GIAN t
I. Phng php
- Vit biu thc tnh chu k ca con lc ng h khi n chy ng: T
1
.
- Vit biu thc tnh chu k ca con lc ng h khi n chy sai: T
2
.
- Lp t s:
2
1
T
T

p dng cng thc gn ng:

2
2 1
1
.
T
m T mT
T

.
- Tnh
2 1
T T T
: + Nu T > 0
2 1
T T >
ng h chy chm.
+ Nu T < 0
2 1
T T <
ng h chy nhanh.

Mi chu k ng h chy nhanh hay chm mt lng

T
.
Trong thi gian t ng h chy sai thc hin s dao ng:
2
t
n
T
.
Vy thi gian nhanh hay chm ca ng h l:
2
. .
t
n T T
T

.
II. Bi Tp
B i 1. ( Bi 78/540 Bi tp Vt l ) Mt con lc ng h, dy treo c h s n di l
5 1
2.10 ( ) K

. Bn
knh ca Tri t l 6400km.
a) Khi a xung ging m, ng h chy nhanh hay chm? Ti sao ?
b) Bit ging su 800m v tht ra ng h vn chy ng. Gii thch v tnh s chnh lch nhit gia
ging v mt t.
/s: a) chy chm do chu k tng; b)
0
6, 25 t C .
B i 2. ( Bi 76/540 Bi tp Vt l ) Mt con lc ng h gm mt qu cu bng st v mt si dy kim loi
mnh c h s n di
5 1
2.10 ( ) K

. ng h chy ng 20
0
C vi chu k T = 2s.
a) Khi gim nhit xung n 0
0
C ng h chy nhanh hay chm sau mt ngy m?
Nguyn nh Khang
45
b) Vn gi nhit 0
0
C, ngi ta dng nam chm to lc ht thng ng. Phi t nam chm nh th
no, ln bao nhiu ng h chy ng tr li. Cho khi lng qu cu l m = 50g, ly g = 10m/s
2
.
/s: a) T = 8,64s; b) 10
-4
N.
B i 3. ( Bi 77/540 Bi tp Vt l ) Mt con lc ng h c h s n di ca dy treo
5 1
2.10 ( ) K

. Vt
nng c khi lng ring D = 8400kg/m
3
. ng h chy ng 20
0
C khi dao ng trong khng kh.
a) Ti ni d, vn 20
0
nu t trong chn khng th ng h chy nhanh hay chm mi ngy bao nhiu
giy?
b) Phi tng hay gim nhit ? n gi tr no? trong chn khng ng h vn chy ng tr li. Cho
khi lng ring ca khng kh D
0
= 1,3kg/m
3
v ch tnh n lc y Acsimt.
/s: a) T = 6,68s; b) t = 27,73
0
C.
B i 4. ( Bi 67/540 Bi tp Vt l ) Mt con lc ng h chy ng 20
0
C ti ni c gia tc trng trng
bng 10m/s
2
. Bit dy treo c h s n di
5 1
4.10 ( ) K

, vt nng tch in q = 10
-6
C.
a) Nu con lc t trong in trng u c cng E = 50V/m thng ng hng xung di th sau 1
ngy m ng h chy nhanh hay chm bao nhiu? Bit vt c khi lng m = 100g.
b) ng h chy ng tr li cn phi tng hay gim nhit l bao nhiu?
/s: a) 4,32s; b) 21,25
0
C.
B i 5. Ti mt ni ngang bng vi mc nc bi, nhit 10
0
C, mt ng h qu lc trong mt ngy m
chy nhanh 6,48s. Coi con lc ng h nh con lc n. Thanh treo con lc c h s n di
5 1
4.10 ( ) K

.
a) Ti v tr ni trn, nhhit no th ng h chy ng gi?
b) a ng h ln nh ni, ti nhit l 6
0
C, ta thy ng h chy ng gi. Gii thch hin tng
v tnh cao ca nh ni so vi mc nc bin. Coi Tri t l hnh cu, c bn knh
R = 6400km.
Nguyn nh Khang
46
TRCH THI TH I HC VINH 2011
( DAO NG C IU HA )
LN 1
Cu 3: Mt con lc n dao ng iu ha vi chu k s T 2 . Thi im u tin ng nng bng th nng
l
. 1 , 0 s t
Pha ban u
ca dao ng l
A. . 10 B. . 20 3 C. . 15 D. . 4
Cu 4: Trong dao ng iu ha th gia tc
A. c gi tr cc i khi li t cc i. B. t l nghch vi vn tc.
C. khng i khi vn tc thay i. D. c ln gim khi ln vn tc tng.
Cu 6: Mt vt
g m 100
chuyn ng trn trc Ox di tc dng ca lc
x F 5 , 2
(x l ta ca vt o
bng m, F o bng N). Kt lun no sau y l Sai?
A. Vt ny dao ng iu ha. B. Gia tc ca vt i chiu khi vt c ta A x (A l bin
dao ng).
C. Gia tc ca vt ). / ( 25
2
s m x a D. Khi vn tc ca vt c gi tr b nht, vt i qua v tr cn
bng.
Cu 11: Bin dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng cng phng cng tn s t cc i khi hai dao ng
thnh phn
A. vung pha. B. cng pha. C. ngc pha. D. cng bin .
Cu 19: Mt con lc n, dy treo c chiu di l dao ng iu ha. Nu gim chiu di dy i mt lng
th chu k dao ng gim i
% 3 , 29
. Chiu di dy treo gim l
A. . 3 l B. . 2 l C. . 4 l D. . 4 3l
Cu 21: Con lc n dao ng nh vi chu k T ti mt ni trn tri t c gia tc ri t do l . 10
2
s m g
Treo con lc vo thang my v cho thang my i ln th chu k dao ng nh ca con lc tng 11,1% so vi
chu k T. Tnh cht chuyn ng v ln gia tc ca thang my l
A. chm dn u, . / 1
2
s m B. nhanh dn u, . / 9 , 1
2
s m C. chm dn u, . / 9 , 1
2
s m D.
nhanh dn u, . / 1
2
s m
Cu 27: li no ca con lc l xo ang dao ng iu ha vi bin A th c nng c gi tr ln gp n
ln ng nng?
A. . ) 1 ( + t n A x B. . ) 1 ( ) 1 ( + t n n A x C. . n A x t D. . ) 1 ( n n A x t
Cu 29: Hai vt cng xut pht t gc ta O v bt u dao ng iu ha cng
chiu v cng bin theo trc Ox, nhng t s chu k dao ng bng n. T s ln vn
tc ca hai vt khi chng gp nhau l
A. khng xc nh c. B. . n C. . / 1 n D. .
2
n
Cu 34: Mt con lc l xo gm vt m mc vi l xo, dao ng iu ha vi tn s . 5Hz Bt khi lng vt
i
g 150
th chu k dao ng ca n gim i
. 1 , 0 s
Ly . 10
2
cng k ca l xo bng
A. . / 200 m N B. . / 250 m N C. . / 100 m N D. . / 150 m N
Cu 42: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha, t s gia qung ng ln nht v nh nht m cht im i c
trong 4 1 chu k l
A.
. 2
B.
. 2 2
C.
. 1 2 +
D.
. 2 2 +
Cu 43: Tng ng nng v th nng ca dao ng iu ha
A. tng gp i khi bin dao ng tng gp i.
B. gp i ng nng khi vt c ta bng
2
ln na bin .
C. bin thin tun hon theo thi gian vi chu k bng na chu k dao ng ca vt.
D. bin thin tun hon theo thi gian vi chu k bng chu k dao ng ca vt.
Nguyn nh Khang
47
LN 2
Cu 4: Dao ng duy tr l dao ng tt dn m ngi ta
A. tc dng mt lc bin i iu ho theo thi gian vo vt chuyn ng.
B. tc dng ngoi lc vo vt dao ng cng chiu vi chuyn ng trong 1 phn ca tng chu k.
C. kch thch li dao ng sau khi dao ng tt hn.
D. lm mt lc cn mi trng i vi vt chuyn ng.
Cu 6: Mt con lc n c khi lng vt treo di si dy l 200g, ang dao ng iu ho ti mt ni c gia tc ri t
do g = 10m/s
2
, bin gc ca dao ng l 0,1rad. Khi vt i qua v tr c li di 3,2cm th c ng nng 1,44.10
-3
J.
Chiu di dy treo vt l
A. 40cm B. 100cm C. 80cm D. 160cm
Cu 8: Mt hn bi nh c khi lng m treo di si dy v dao ng. Nu hn bi c tch in q > 0 v
treo trong in trng u c vc t cng in trng
E
hng thng xung di th chu k dao ng

ca n
A. tng
mg
qE
+
2
1
ln B. gim
mg
qE
+
2
1
ln C. gim
mg
qE
+ 1 ln D. tng
mg
qE
+ 1 ln
Cu 16: Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi bin 4cm, chu k bng 2
(s) v ti thi im ban u vt i qua

v tr cn bng (gc to ) theo chiu dng th ti thi im t = 5,5
(s) n c vn tc
A. 8
cm/s B. 0cm/s. C. - 4cm/s D. 4cm/s

Cu 20: Mt con lc n c chiu di dy treo vt l 40cm, khi lng vt treo m = 400g, c gc lch cc i ca dy
treo so vi phng thng ng l rad 175 , 0 10
0
0
, ti ni treo con lc c g = 9,81m/s
2
. ng nng ca con lc khi
i qua v tr thp nht l
A. 2,1.10
-3
J B. 21.10
-3
J C. 2,4.10
-3
J D. 24.10
-3
J
Cu 21: Bin ca dao ng cng bc khng ph thuc vo
A. tn s ca ngoi lc tun hon tc dng ln vt. B. pha ban u ca ngoi lc tun hon tc
dng ln vt.
C. h s lc cn (ca ma st nht) tc dng ln vt. D. bin ca ngoi lc tun hon tc
dng ln vt.
Cu 34: Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng ang dao ng iu ho. Bit qung ng ngn nht m vt i c trong
2/15 giy l 8cm, khi vt i qua v tr cn bng l xo gin 4cm, gia tc ri t do g = 10m/s
2
, ly 10
2
. Vn tc cc
i ca dao ng ny l
A. 40
cm/s B. 45
cm/s C. 50
cm/s D. 30
cm/s
Cu 38: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng khi ni v chu k con lc n dao ng t do?
A. Khng ph thuc vo khi lng vt treo khi dao ng trong mi mi trng.
B. Khng ph thuc vo khi lng vt treo khi dao ng trong trng trng.
C. Ph thuc vo khi lng vt treo khi dao ng trong in trng v vt treo tch in.
D. Khng ph thuc vo khi lng vt treo khi dao ng trong t trng, vt treo l qu cu thu tinh
Cu 42: Mt cht im tham gia ng thi 2 dao ng trn trc Ox c phng trnh ) ( sin 3 2
1
cm t x v
) )( cos(
2 2 2
cm t A x + . Phng trnh dao ng tng hp
) )( cos( 2 cm t x +
, vi 3 /
2
. Bin
v pha ban u ca dao ng thnh phn 2 l
A. 3 / ; 4
2 2
cm A B. 4 / ; 3 2
2 2
cm A C. 2 / ; 3 4
2 2
cm A D. 6 / ; 6
2 2
cm A
Cu 45: Dao ng tng hp ca 2 dao ng iu ho cng phng v tn s s c bin khng ph thuc
vo
A. bin ca dao ng thnh phn th nht. B. bin ca dao ng thnh phn
th hai.
Nguyn nh Khang
48
C. lch pha ca 2 dao ng thnh phn. D. tn s chung ca 2 dao ng hp
thnh.
LN 3
Cu 8: Vt nh c khi lng 200 g trong mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi chu k T v bin 4 cm.
Bit trong mt chu k, khong thi gian vt nh c ln gia tc khng nh hn
2 500
cm/s
2
l T/2.
cng ca l xo l
A. 20 N/m. B. 50 N/m. C. 40 N/m. D. 30 N/m.
Cu 24: Vt nh ca mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang, mc th nng ti v tr cn
bng. Khi gia tc ca vt c ln bng mt na ln gia tc cc i th t s gia ng nng v th nng
ca vt l
A. 1/2. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1/3.
Cu 26: Mt chic xe chy trn ng lt gch, c sau 15 m trn ng li c mt rnh nh. Bit chu k dao
ng ring ca khung xe trn cc l xo gim xc l 1,5 s. xe b xc mnh nht th xe phi chuyn ng
thng u vi tc bng
A. 34 km/h. B. 27 km/h. C. 36 km/h. D. 10 km/h.
Cu 27: Mt con lc l xo gm vt nh khi lng 0,2 kg v l xo c cng k = 20 N/m. Vt nh c t
trn gi c nh nm ngang dc theo trc l xo. H s ma st trt gia gi v vt nh l 0,01. T v tr
l xo khng b bin dng, truyn cho vt vn tc ban u 1 m/s th thy con lc dao ng tt dn trong gii
hn n hi ca l xo. Ly g = 10 m/s
2
. ln lc n hi cc i ca l xo trong qu trnh dao ng bng
A. 1,98 N. B. 2 N. C. 1,5 N. D. 2,98 N.
Cu 28: Mt vt thc hin ng thi ba dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh
) cm ( ) 4 / t 10 cos( 4 x
1
+ ; ) cm ( ) 12 / 11 t 10 cos( 4 x
2
+ v
) cm ( ) 12 / t 10 sin( 6 x
3
+
. Phng trnh
dao ng tng hp ca vt l
A.
) cm ( ) 12 / 5 t 10 cos( 2 x +
. B.
) cm ( ) 12 / t 10 sin( 2 x +
.
C.
) cm ( ) 12 / 5 t 10 sin( 2 x
. D.
) cm ( ) 12 / 5 t 100 cos( 2 x
.
Cu 29: Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi tn s 2 Hz. iu khng nh no sau y l ng?
A. ng nng v th nng ca vt u bin thin iu ho vi chu k bng 1,0 s.
B. ng nng v th nng ca vt bng nhau sau nhng khong thi gian bng 0,125 s.
C. ng nng v th nng ca vt u bin thin iu ho vi chu k bng 0,5 s.
D. ng nng v th nng ca vt lun khng i.
Cu 36: Hai con lc l xo ging nhau cng c khi lng vt nng m = 10 g, cng l xo l k =
2
N/cm,
dao ng iu ha dc theo hai ng thng song song k lin nhau (v tr cn bng hai vt u cng gc
ta ). Bin ca con lc th hai ln gp ba ln bin ca con lc th nht. Bit rng lc u hai vt gp
nhau vi tri cn b ng va chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau. Khong thi gian gia hai ln hai vt nng gp
nhau lin tip l
A. 0,02 s. B. 0,04 s. C. 0,03 s. D. 0,01 s.
Cu 46: Mt con lc n treo trn mt thang my. Khi thang my ng yn, con lc dao ng vi tn s
0,25 Hz. Khi thang my i xung thng ng, chm dn u vi gia tc bng mt phn ba gia tc trng
trng ti ni t thang my th con lc n dao ng vi chu k bng
A. 3 s. B. 3 2 s. C.
2 3
s. D. 3 3 s.
Cu 47: Mt vt dao ng iu ha dc theo trc Ox, chn gc ta trng vi v tr cn bng ca vt. Bit
khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip vt i qua v tr cn bng l 1 s. Ly 10
2
. Ti thi im ban u
t = 0 vt c gia tc
0
a
= - 0,1 m/s
2
v vn tc 3 v
0
cm/s. Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l
A.
) cm ( ) 6 / 5 t cos( 2 x
. B.
) cm ( ) 6 / t cos( 2 x +
.
C.
) cm ( ) 3 / t cos( 2 x +
. D.
) cm ( ) 3 / 2 t cos( 4 x
.
Nguyn nh Khang
49
LN 4
Cu 7: Mt vt c khi lng
400g
dao ng iu ho c th ng nng nh hnh v.
Ti thi im 0 t vt ang chuyn ng theo chiu dng, ly
2
10 .
Phng trnh dao ng ca vt l:
A.
) ( ) 6 / cos( 10 cm t x +
. B.
) ( ) 3 / 2 cos( 5 cm t x +
.
C.
) ( ) 3 / cos( 10 cm t x
. D.
) ( ) 3 / 2 cos( 5 cm t x
.
Cu 9: Mt con lc l xo nm ngang gm vt nng khi lng
100g
v l xo nh c cng 100 / N m . Ly
2
10 . Vt c kch thch dao ng iu ha dc theo trc ca l xo, khong thi gian nh nht gia hai ln
ng nng bng ba ln th nng l:
A. 1/30 s. B. 1/60 s. C. 1/20 s. D. 1/15 s.
Cu 25: Trong dao ng iu ho ca mt vt th tp hp ba i lng no sau y l khng i theo thi gian?
A. Bin , tn s, gia tc. B. Lc phc hi, vn tc, c nng dao ng.
C. Bin , tn s, c nng dao ng. D. ng nng, tn s, lc hi phc.
Cu 30: Cho hai dao ng iu ha cng phng vi phng trnh
1 1
cos( ) x A t +
v
2 2
cos( ) x A t +
. Kt
qu no sau y khng chnh xc khi ni v bin dao ng tng hp
0
A
:
A.
0
2 A A , khi 2 1
/ 2
. B.
0
(2 3) A A + , khi 2 1
/ 6
.
C.
0
A A
, khi 2 1
2 / 3
. D.
0
3 A A , khi 2 1
/ 3
.
Cu 32: Mt con lc n ang thc hin dao ng nh, th
A. khi i qua v tr cn bng lc cng ca si dy c ln bng trng lng ca vt.
B. gia tc ca vt lun vung gc vi si dy.
C. khi i qua v tr cn bng gia tc ca vt trit tiu.
D. ti hai v tr bin gia tc ca vt tip tuyn vi qu o chuyn ng.
Cu 33: Mt cht im dao ng iu ho trn trc Ox c vn tc bng 0 ti hai thi im lin tip
1
1, 75 t s
v
2
2, 5 t s
, tc trung bnh trong khong thi gian l
16 / cm s
. To cht im ti thi im 0 t l
A. -8 cm B. -4 cm C. 0 cm D. -3 cm
Cu 34: Mt con lc n gm vt nng khi lng
100g
, dao ng iu ho vi chu k 2 s. Khi vt i qua v tr
cn bng lc cng ca si dy l
1, 0025 N
. Chn mc th nng v tr cn bng, ly
2
10 / g m s ,
2
10 . C
nng dao ng ca vt l:
A. 25. 10
-3
J. B. 25. 10
-4
J. C. 125.10
-5
J. D. 125. 10
-4
J.
Cu 41: Mt con lc l xo nm ngang gm vt nh khi lng 200 gam, l xo c cng 10 N/m, h s ma st
trt gia vt v mt phng ngang l
0,1
. Ban u vt c gi v tr l xo gin 10cm, ri th nh con lc
dao ng tt dn, ly
2
10 / g m s . Trong khong thi gian k t lc th cho n khi tc ca vt bt u gim
th gim th nng ca con lc l:
A. 2 mJ. B. 20 mJ. C. 50 mJ. D. 48 mJ.
Cu 48: Hai cht im dao ng iu ha vi chu k T , lch pha nhau / 3 vi bin ln lt l A v 2A ,
trn hai trc ta song song cng chiu, gc ta nm trn ng vung gc chung. Khong thi gian nh
nht gia hai ln chng ngang nhau l:
A. / 2 T . B. T . C. / 3 T . D. / 4 T .
Nguyn nh Khang
50
O
W
(J)
t(s)
0,015
0,02
1/6
TRCH THI TT NGHIP- DAO NG C HC
NM 2007
NM 2008
Nguyn nh Khang
51
NM 2009
NM 2010
Nguyn nh Khang
52
NM 2011
Cu 5: Con lc l xo gm vt nh c khi lng 200 g v l xo nh c cng 80 N/m. Con lc dao
ng iu ha theo phng ngang vi bin 4 cm. ln vn tc ca vt v tr cn bng l
A. 100 cm/s. B. 40 cm/s. C. 80 cm/s. D. 60 cm/s.
Cu 10: Cho hai dao ng iu ha cng phng c phng trnh ln lt l: x1 = A1cost v
2 2
cos( )
2
x A t

+
. Bin dao ng tng hp ca hai ng ny l
A.
1 2
A A A
. B. A =
2 2
1 2
A A +
. C. A = A1 + A2. D. A =
2 2
1 2
A A
.
Cu 15: Ti cng mt ni trn Tri t, con lc n c chiu di
l
dao ng iu ha vi chu k 2 s,
con lc n c chiu di 2
l
dao ng iu ha vi chu k l
A. 2 s. B.
2 2
s. C.
2
s. D. 4 s.
Cu 18: Khi ni v dao ng c cng bc, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Tn s ca dao ng cng bc bng tn s ca lc cng bc.
B. Bin ca dao ng cng bc ph thuc vo bin ca lc cng bc.
C. Bin ca dao ng cng bc cng ln khi tn s ca lc cng bc cng gn tn s
ring ca h dao ng.
D. Tn s ca dao ng cng bc ln hn tn s ca lc cng bc.
Cu 37: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha dc trc Ox vi phng trnh x = 10cos2t (cm). Qung
ng i c ca cht im trong mt chu k dao ng l
A. 10 cm B. 30 cm C. 40 cm D. 20 cm
Nguyn nh Khang
53
TRCH THI TUYN SINH CAO NG DAO NG C IU HA
NM 2007

Cu 32: Ti mt ni, chu k dao ng iu ho ca mt con lc n l 2,0 s. Sau khi tng chiu di
ca con lc thm 21 cm th chu k dao ng iu ho ca n l 2,2 s. Chiu di ban u ca con lc ny l
A. 101 cm. B. 99 cm. C. 98 cm. D. 100 cm.
Cu 40: Pht biu no sau y l sai khi ni v dao ng c hc?
A. Bin dao ng cng bc ca mt h c hc khi xy ra hin tng cng hng (s cng hng)
khng ph thuc vo lc cn ca mi trng.
B. Tn s dao ng cng bc ca mt h c hc bng tn s ca ngoi lc iu ho tc dng ln
h y.
C. Hin tng cng hng (s cng hng) xy ra khi tn s ca ngoi lc iu ho bng tn s
dao ng ring ca h.
D. Tn s dao ng t do ca mt h c hc l tn s dao ng ring ca h y.
NM 2008
Nguyn nh Khang
54

NM 2009

Nguyn nh Khang
55

NM 2010
Cu 7: Ti mt ni trn mt t, con lc n c chiu di l ang dao ng iu ha vi chu k 2 s. Khi tng
chiu di ca con lc thm 21 cm th chu k dao ng iu ha ca n l 2,2 s. Chiu di l bng
A. 2 m. B. 1 m. C. 2,5 m. D. 1,5 m.
Cu 8: Mt con lc l xo gm vin bi nh v l xo nh c cng 100 N/m, dao ng iu ha vi bin
0,1 m. Mc th nng v tr cn bng. Khi vin bi cch v tr cn bng 6 cm th ng nng ca con lc bng
A. 0,64 J. B. 3,2 mJ. C. 6,4 mJ. D. 0,32 J.
Nguyn nh Khang
56
Cu 11: Khi mt vt dao ng iu ha th
A. lc ko v tc dng ln vt c ln cc i khi vt v tr cn bng.
B. gia tc ca vt c ln cc i khi vt v tr cn bng.
C. lc ko v tc dng ln vt c ln t l vi bnh phng bin .
D. vn tc ca vt c ln cc i khi vt v tr cn bng.
Cu 27: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi bin 6 cm. Mc th nng v tr cn bng. Khi vt c ng nng
bng
3
4
ln c nng th vt cch v tr cn bng mt on.
A. 6 cm. B. 4,5 cm. C. 4 cm. D. 3 cm.
Cu 32: Treo con lc n vo trn mt t ti ni c gia tc trng trng g = 9,8 m/s
2
. Khi t ng yn th
chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l 2 s. Nu t chuyn ng thng nhanh dn u trn ng nm
ngang vi gia tc 2 m/s
2
th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc xp x bng
A. 2,02 s. B. 1,82 s. C. 1,98 s. D. 2,00 s.
Cu 33: Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi chu k T. Chn gc thi gian l lc vt qua v tr cn bng, vn tc
ca vt bng 0 ln u tin thi im
A.
2
T
. B.
8
T
. C.
6
T
. D.
4
T
.
Cu 35: Chuyn ng ca mt vt l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng. Hai dao ng ny c
phng trnh ln lt l x
1
= 3cos10t (cm) v x
2
=4sin(10 )
2
t

+ (cm). Gia tc ca vt c ln cc i bng
A. 7 m/s
2
. B. 1 m/s
2
. C. 0,7 m/s
2
. D. 5 m/s
2
.
Cu 44: Mt con lc l xo dao ng u ha vi tn s
1
2f
. ng nng ca con lc bin thin tun hon theo
thi gian vi tn s
2
f
bng
A.
1
2f
. B.
1
f
2
. C.
1
f
. D. 4
1
f
.
Cu 50: Mt con lc l xo gm mt vt nh v l xo nh c cng 100 N/m. Con lc dao ng u ha
theo phng ngang vi phng trnh
x Acos(wt ). +
Mc th nng ti v tr cn bng. Khong thi gian
gia hai ln lin tip con lc c ng nng bng th nng l 0,1 s. Ly
2
10 . Khi lng vt nh bng
A. 400 g. B. 40 g. C. 200 g. D. 100 g.
Cu 52: Mt vt dao ng u ha dc theo trc Ox. Mc th nng v tr cn bng. thi im ln vn
tc ca vt bng 50% vn tc cc i th t s gia ng nng v c nng ca vt l
A.
3
4
. B.
1
.
4
C.
4
.
3
D.
1
.
2
NM 2011
Cu 4: Mt con lc n dao ng iu ha vi bin gc
0
. Ly mc th nng v tr cn bng. v tr
con lc c ng nng bng th nng th li gc ca n bng:
A.
0
2
t B.
0
3
t C.
0
2
t
D.
0
3
t
Cu 12: Mt vt nh c chuyn ng l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng. Hai dao ng ny
c phng trnh l
1 1
cos x A t
v
2 2
cos
2
x A t

_
+

,
. Gi E l c nng ca vt. Khi lng ca vt
bng:
A.
2 2 2
1 2
2E
A A +
B.
2 2 2
1 2
E
A A +
C.
( )
2 2 2
1 2
E
A A +
D.
( )
2 2 2
1 2
2E
A A +
Nguyn nh Khang
57
Cu 16: Mt con lc l xo gm qu cu nh khi lng 500g v l xo c cng 50N/m. Cho con lc dao
ng iu ha trn phng nm ngang. Ti thi im vn tc ca qu cu l 0,1 m/s th gia tc ca n l - 3
m/s
2
. C nng ca con lc l:
A. 0,04 J B. 0,02 J C. 0,01 J D. 0,05 J
Cu 22. Mt vt dao ng iu ha c chu k 2 s, bin 10 cm. Khi vt cch v tr cn bng 6 cm, tc
ca n bng
A. 18,84 cm/s. B. 20,08 cm/s. C. 25,13 cm/s. D. 12,56 cm/s.
Cu 23: Hnh chiu ca mt cht im chuyn ng trn u ln mt ng knh qu o c chuyn ng l
dao ng iu ha. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Tn s gc ca dao ng iu ha bng tc gc ca chuyn ng trn u.
B. Bin ca dao ng iu ha bng bn knh ca chuyn ng trn u.
C. Lc ko v trong dao ng iu ha c ln bng ln lc hng tm trong chuyn ng trn u.
D. Tc cc i ca dao ng iu ha bng tc di ca chuyn ng trn u.
Cu 37: Vt dao ng tt dn c
A. c nng lun gim dn theo thi gian. B. th nng lun gim theo thi gian.
C. li lun gim dn theo thi gian. D. pha dao ng lun gim dn theo thi gian.
Cu 39: Khi ni v dao ng iu ha, pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Dao ng ca con lc l xo lun l dao ng iu ha.
B. C nng ca vt dao ng iu ha khng ph thuc vo bin dao ng.
C. Hp lc tc dng ln vt dao ng iu ha lun hng v v tr cn bng.
D. Dao ng ca con lc n lun l dao ng iu ha.
Cu 48: Mt con lc n c chiu di dy treo 1m dao ng iu ha vi bin gc
20
rad ti ni c gia
tc trng trng g = 10m/
2
s . Ly
2
= 10. Thi gian ngn nht con lc i t v tr cn bng n v tr c li
gc
3
40
rad l
A. 3s B.
3 2
s C.
1
3
s D.
1
2
s
Nguyn nh Khang
58
TRCH THI TUYN SINH I HC
NM 2007
Cu 5: Khi xy ra hin tng cng hng c th vt tip tc dao ng
A. vi tn s bng tn s dao ng ring. B. vi tn s nh hn tn s dao ng ring.
C. vi tn s ln hn tn s dao ng ring. D. m khng chu ngoi lc tc dng.
Cu 12: Mt vt nh thc hin dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh
( ) cm t x

,
_
+
2
4 sin 10

vi t tnh bng
giy. ng nng ca vt bin thin vi chu k bng
A. 0,50 s. B. 1,50 s. C. 0,25 s. D. 1,00 s.
Cu 24: Mt con lc l xo gm vt c khi lng m v l xo c cng k, dao ng iu ha. Nu tng
cng k ln 2 ln v gim khi lng m i 8 ln th tn s dao ng ca vt s
A. tng 4 ln. B. gim 2 ln. C. tng 2 ln. D. gim 4 ln.
Cu 39: Mt con lc n c treo trn mt thang my. Khi thang my ng yn, con lc dao ng iu
ha vi chu k T. Khi thang my i ln thng ng, chm dn u vi gia tc c ln bng mt na gia tc
trng trng ti ni t thang my th con lc dao ng iu ha vi chu k T bng
A. 2T B. T/2 C.
2 T
D.
2
T
Cu 40: Hai dao ng iu ha cng phng c phng trnh ln lt l
( ) cm t x

,
_

6
sin 4
1

v
( ) cm t x

,
_

2
sin 4
2

. Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng ny c bin l

A. 4 3 cm. B. 2 7 cm. C. 2
2
cm. D. 2 3 cm.
NM 2008
Cu 5: C nng ca mt vt dao ng iu ha
A. bin thin tun hon theo thi gian vi chu k bng mt na chu k dao ng ca vt.
B. tng gp i khi bin dao ng ca vt tng gp i.
Nguyn nh Khang
59
C. bng ng nng ca vt khi vt ti v tr cn bng.
D. bin thin tun hon theo thi gian vi chu k bng chu k dao ng ca vt.
Cu 10: Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng. Kch thch cho con lc dao ng iu ha theo phng thng
ng. Chu k v bin dao ng ca con lc ln lt l 0,4 s v 8 cm. Chn trc xx thng ng chiu
dng hng xung, gc ta ti v tr cn bng, gc thi gian t = 0 khi vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu
dng. Ly gia tc ri t do g = 10 m/s
2
v
2
= 10. Thi gian ngn nht k t khi t = 0 n khi lc n hi
ca l xo c ln cc tiu l
A.
4
s
15
. B.
7
s
30
. C.
3
s
10
D.
1
s
30
.
Cu 17: Cho hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s, cng bin v c cc pha ban u l
3
v
6
. Pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp hai dao ng trn bng

A.
2
B.
4
. C.
6
. D.
12
.
Cu 20: Mt vt dao ng iu ha c chu k l T. Nu chn gc thi gian t = 0 lc vt qua v tr cn bng,
th trong na chu k u tin, vn tc ca vt bng khng thi im
A.
T
t .
6
B.
T
t .
4
C.
T
t .
8
D.
T
t .
2
Cu 25: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh

x 3sin 5 t
6
_
+

,
(x tnh bng cm v t tnh
bng giy). Trong mt giy u tin t thi im t=0, cht im i qua v tr c li x=+1cm
A. 7 ln. B. 6 ln. C. 4 ln. D. 5 ln.
Cu 26: Pht biu no sau y l sai khi ni v dao ng ca con lc n (b qua lc cn ca mi trng)?
A. Khi vt nng v tr bin, c nng ca con lc bng th nng ca n.
B. Chuyn ng ca con lc t v tr bin v v tr cn bng l nhanh dn.
C. Khi vt nng i qua v tr cn bng, th trng lc tc dng ln n cn bng vi lc cng ca dy.
D. Vi dao ng nh th dao ng ca con lc l dao ng iu ha.
NM 2009
Cu 12: Ti mt ni trn mt t, mt con lc n dao ng iu ha. Trong khong thi gian t,
con lc thc hin 60 dao ng ton phn; thay i chiu di con lc mt on 44 cm th cng trong
khong thi gian t y, n thc hin 50 dao ng ton phn. Chiu di ban u ca con lc l
A. 144 cm. B. 60 cm. C. 80 cm. D. 100 cm.
Cu 16: Chuyn ng ca mt vt l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng. Hai dao
ng ny c phng trnh ln lt l
1
4cos(10 )
4
x t

+ (cm) v
2
3
3cos(10 )
4
x t

(cm). ln
vn tc ca vt v tr cn bng l
A. 100 cm/s. B. 50 cm/s. C. 80 cm/s. D. 10 cm/s.
Cu 22: Mt con lc l xo c khi lng vt nh l 50 g. Con lc dao ng iu ha theo mt trc
c nh nm ngang vi phng trnh x = Acos t. C sau nhng khong thi gian 0,05 s th ng
nng v th nng ca vt li bng nhau. Ly
2
=10. L xo ca con lc c cng bng
A. 50 N/m. B. 100 N/m. C. 25 N/m. D. 200 N/m.
Cu 23: Mt vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh x = Acos( t + ). Gi v v a ln lt l vn
tc v gia tc ca vt. H thc ng l :
Nguyn nh Khang
60
A.
2 2
2
4 2
v a
A

+ B.
2 2
2
2 2
v a
A

+ C.
2 2
2
2 4
v a
A

+ D.
2 2
2
4 4
a
A
v
+
Cu 39: Mt vt dao ng iu ha theo mt trc c nh (mc th nng v tr cn bng) th
A. ng nng ca vt cc i khi gia tc ca vt c ln cc i.
B. khi vt i t v tr cn bng ra bin, vn tc v gia tc ca vt lun cng du.
C. khi v tr cn bng, th nng ca vt bng c nng.
D. th nng ca vt cc i khi vt v tr bin.
Cu 44: Mt vt dao ng iu ha c ln vn tc cc i l 31,4 cm/s. Ly = 3,14 . Tc
trung bnh ca vt trong mt chu k dao ng l
A. 20 cm/s B. 10 cm/s C. 0. D. 15 cm/s.
Cu 48: Mt con lc l xo gm l xo nh v vt nh dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang vi tn
s gc 10 rad/s. Bit rng khi ng nng v th nng (mc v tr cn bng ca vt) bng nhau th
vn tc ca vt c ln bng 0,6 m/s. Bin dao ng ca con lc l
A. 6 cm B. 6
2
cm C. 12 cm D. 12
2
cm
NM 2010
Cu 8: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha c chu k T. Trong khong thi gian ngn nht khi i t v tr bin
c li x = A n v tr x =
2
A
, cht im c tc trung bnh l
A.
T
A
2
3
B.
T
A 6
C.
T
A 4
D.
T
A
2
9
Cu 9: Ti ni c gia tc trng trng g, mt con lc n dao ng iu ha vi bin gc
0
nh. Ly
mc th nng v tr cn bng. Khi con lc chuyn ng nhanh dn theo chiu dng n v tr c ng nng
bng th nng th li gc ca con lc bng
A.
3
0
B.
2
0
C.
2
0
D.
3
0
Cu 33: Mt con lc l xo gm mt vt nh khi lng 0,02kg v l xo c cng 1N/m. Vt nh c t

trn gi c nh nm ngang dc theo trc l xo. H s ma st trt ca gi v vt nh l 0,1. Ban u
gi vt v tr l xo b nn 10 cm ri bung nh con lc dao ng tt dn. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Tc ln nht
vt nh t c trong qu trnh dao ng l
A. 40 3 cm/s B. 20 6 cm/s C. 10 30 cm/s D. 40
2
cm/s
Cu 34: Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh li
) )(
6
5
cos( 3 cm t x

. Bit dao ng th nht c phng trnh li ) )(
6
cos( 5
1
cm t x

+ . Dao ng th
hai c phng trnh li l
A. ) )(
6
cos( 8
2
cm t x

+ B. ) )(
6
cos( 2
2
cm t x

+
C. ) )(
6
5
cos( 2
2
cm t x

D. ) )(
6
5
cos( 8
2
cm t x

Cu 35: Lc ko v tc dng ln mt cht im dao ng iu ha c ln
A. v hng khng i.
B. t l vi ln ca li v lun hng v v tr cn bng.
Nguyn nh Khang
61
C. t l vi bnh phng bin .
D. khng i nhng hng thay i.
Cu 38: Mt dao ng tt dn c cc i lng gim lin tc theo thi gian l
A. bin v nng lng B. li v tc C. bin v tc D. bin v gia tc
Cu 40: Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi chu k T v bin 5cm. Bit trong mt chu k, khong
thi gian vt nh ca con lc c ln gia tc khng vt qu 100cm/s
2
l T/3. Ly
2
= 10. Tn s dao
ng ca vt l
A. 4 Hz B. 3 Hz C. 1 Hz D. 2 Hz
Cu 48: Vt nh ca mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang, mc th nng ti v tr cn
bng. Khi gia tc ca vt c ln bng mt na ln gia tc cc i th t s gia ng nng v th nng
ca vt l
A.
2
1
B. 3 C. 2 D.
3
1
Cu 49: Mt con lc n c chiu di dy treo 50cm v vt nh c khi lng 0,01kg mang in tch q =
+5.10
-6
C, c coi l in tch im. Con lc dao ng iu ha trong in trng u m vector cng
in trng c ln E = 10
4
V/m v hng thng ng xung di. Ly g = 10m/s
2
, = 3,14. Chu k dao
ng iu ha ca con lc l
A. 0,58 s B. 1,99s C. 1,40 s D. 1,15 s
NM 2011
Cu 1: Mt con lc n c treo vo trn mt thang my. Khi thang my chuyn ng thng ng i ln
nhanh dn u vi gia tc c ln a th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l 2,52 s. Khi thang my
chuyn ng thng ng i ln chm dn u vi gia tc cng c ln a th chu k dao ng iu ha ca
con lc l 3,15 s. Khi thang my ng yn th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l
A. 2,78 s. B. 2,96 s. D. 2,61 s. D. 2,84 s.
Cu 4: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh t
3
2
cos 4 x

(x tnh bng cm; t tnh bng s). K
t t = 0, cht im i qua v tr c li x = -2cm ln th 2011 ti thi im
A. 6030 s. B. 3016 s. C. 3015 s. D. 6031 s.
Cu 16: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox vi bin 10 cm, chu k 2 s. Mc th nng v tr
cn bng. Tc trung bnh ca cht im trong khong thi gian ngn nht khi cht im i t v tr c
ng nng bng 3 ln th nng n v tr c ng nng bng
3
1
th nng l
A. 14,64 cm/s. B. 26,12 cm/s. C. 21,96 cm/s. D. 7,32 cm/s.
Cu 18: Dao ng ca mt cht im c khi lng 100 g l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng
phng, c phng trnh li ln lt l t 10 cos 5 x
1
v t 10 cos 10 x
2
(x
1
v x
2
tnh bng cm, t tnh bng
s). Mc th nng v tr cn bng. C nng ca cht im bng
A. 225 J. B. 0,1125 J. C. 0,225 J. D. 112,5 J.
Cu 21: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox. Khi cht im i qua v tr cn bng th tc ca
n l 20 cm/s. Khi cht im c tc l 10 cm/s th gia tc ca n c ln l 3 40 cm/s
2
. Bin dao
ng ca cht im l
A. 5 cm. B. 8 cm. C. 4 cm. D. 10 cm.
Cu 28: Khi ni v mt vt dao ng iu ha, pht biu no sau y sai?
A. C nng ca vt bin thin tun hon theo thi gian.
B. Vn tc ca vt bin thin iu ha theo thi gian.
Nguyn nh Khang
62
C. Lc ko v tc dng ln vt bin thin iu ha theo thi gian.
D. ng nng ca vt bin thin tun hon theo thi gian.
Cu 40: Mt con lc l xo t trn mt phng nm ngang gm l xo nh c mt u c nh, u kia gn vi
vt nh m
1
. Ban u gi vt m
1
ti v tr m l xo b nn 8 cm, t vt nh m
2
(c khi lng bng khi lng
vt m
1
) trn mt phng nm ngang v st vi vt m
1
. Bung nh hai vt bt u chuyn ng theo phng
ca trc l xo. B qua mi ma st. thi im l xo c chiu di cc i ln u tin th khong cch gia
hai vt m
1
v m
2
l
A. 5,7 cm. B. 3,2 cm. C. 2,3 cm. D. 4,6 cm.
Cu 44: Mt con lc n ang dao ng iu ha vi bin gc
0
ti ni c gia tc trng trng l g.

Bit lc cng dy ln nht bng 1,02 ln lc cng dy nh nht. Gi tr ca
0
l
A. 9,6
0
. B. 6,6
0
. C. 5,6
0
. D. 3,3
0
.
Cu 45: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox. Trong thi gian 31,4 s cht im thc hin c 100
dao ng ton phn. Gc thi gian l lc cht im i qua v tr c li 2 cm theo chiu m vi tc l
3 40 cm/s. Ly
= 3,14. Phng trnh dao ng ca cht im l

A. ). cm )(
3
t 20 cos( 4 x

+ B. ). cm )(
3
t 20 cos( 4 x

C. ). cm )(
6
t 20 cos( 6 x

+ D. ). cm )(
6
t 20 cos( 6 x

Phn 2. DNG IN XOAY CHIU

DNG 1. VIT BIU THC CNG DNG IN IN P
I. Phng php
1. Tnh tng tr Z.
a. Tnh in tr thun R.
b. Tnh cm khng Z
L
.
c. Tnh dung khng Z
C
.
d. Tnh tng tr:
Cng thc Ghp ni tip Ghp song song
in
tr
l
R
S

R= R
1
+ R
2
+ R
n
1 2
1 1 1 1
...
n
R R R R
+ +
T
cm
Z
L
=L.
1 2
...
n
L L L L
Z Z Z Z + +
1 2
1 1 1 1
...
n
L L L L
Z Z Z Z
+ + +
in
dung
1
.
C
C
Z
Z
1 2
...
n
C C C C
Z Z Z Z + + +
1 2
1 1 1 1
...
n
C C C C
Z Z Z Z
+ + +
Tng tr:
2 2
Z= R (Z Z )
L C
+
2. Tnh I hoc U bng nh lut m :
U
I
Z
T tnh: I
0
= I.
2
; U
0
=U.
2
3. Tnh lch pha
: tan
L C
Z Z
R
4. Vit biu thc:

Nguyn nh Khang
63
Nu i = I
o
cos (
t +
i
u = U
o
cos (
t +
i
)
Nu u = U
o
cos (
t +
u
i = I
o
cos (
t +
u

)
Ch 1:
on
mch
Z R Z
L
Z
C
tan
0

Gin

vect
on
mch
Z 2 2
R Z
L
+
2 2
R Z
C
+
Z Z
L C
tan
Z
R
L
-
Z
R
C
t
Gin

vect
on
mch
Z 2 2
Z= R (Z Z )
L C
+
tan
Z Z
R
L C
Nguyn nh Khang
0
U
R
r
0
I
r
0
U
L
r
0
I
r
0
U
C
r
0
U
r
0
U
L
r
0
I
r
0
U
R
r
0
I
r
0
U
R
r
0
U
r
0
U
C
r

0
I
r
0
U
C
r
0
U
L
r
0
U
r
64
0
I
r
0
U
L
r
Gin

vect
Ch 2:
- Dng in xoay chiu qua on mch ch c in tr thun R:
+ Hiu in th u hai u on mch v cng dng in i bin thin cng pha, cng tn s.
u=U
0
cos
i=I
0
cos
t
U
0
=I
0
.R; U
0
=U
2
; I
0
=I
2
; U=I.R.
+ Cng thc tnh R theo in tr sut
, chiu di l v tit din S ca dy dn:

l
R=
S
Bng n c dy tc nng sng, bp in, dy nung, bn l (bn i) thng c coi l in tr thun khi
mc vo mch in xoay chiu.
- Dng in xoay chiu qua on mch ch c cun dy thun cm:
+ Hiu in th u hai u on mch v cng dng in i bin thin cng tn s, nhng nhanh pha hn
cng dng in i mt gc
2
.
u=U
0
cos
t .
i=I
0
cos(
t -
2
)
hoc i=I
0
cos
u=U
0
cos(
t +
2
)
U
0
=I
0
.Z
L
; U
0
=U
2
; I
0
=I
2
; U=I.Z
L
.
+ Cm khng: Z
L
=L.
= L2
f.
- Dng in xoay chiu qua on mch ch c t in:
+ Hiu in th u hai u on mch v cng dng in i bin thin cng tn s nhng chm pha hn
cng dng in i mt gc
2
.
u=U
0
cos
t .
i=I
0
cos(
t +
2
)
hoc i=I
0
cos
u=U
0
cos(
t -
2
)
U
0
=I
0
.Z
C
; U
0
=U
2
; I
0
=I
2
; U=I.Z
C
.
+ Dung khng: Z
C
=
1
C.
=
1
C.2 f
.
+ Hiu in th nh nht m lp cht in mi ca t in chu c (khng b nh thng):
U
min
= U
2
=U
0
* Cng sut P ca dng in xoay chiu:
P = UI cos
P = RI
2
= U
R
I
Nguyn nh Khang
65
0
U
R
r 0
I
r
0
U
C
r
0
U
r

cos
: h s cng sut, ch c R tiu th in nng.

* H s cng sut:
cos
=
P
U.I
=
U R
U Z
R
* Nhit lng ta ra trn mch (trn R):

Q = RI
2
t
* Cng hng in:
I
max
=
min
U U
Z R
Z
L
= Z
C

L.C.
2
= 1
= 0 (hiu in th hai u mch cng pha vi cng dng in)

cos
= 1: h s cng sut cc i.
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Mt mch in gm in tr thun R = 75 (W) mc ni tip vi mt cun thun cm c t cm
5
( )
4
L H
v mt t in c in dung
3
10
( )
5
C F
. Dng in xoay chiu trong mch c biu thc;

2sin100 ( ) i t A
.
a) Tnh cm khng, dung khng, tng tr ca on mch.
b) Vit biu thc in p tc thi gia hai u in tr, gia hai u cun cm, gia hai u t in.
c) Tnh lch pha gia in p v cng dng in.
d) Vit biu thc tc thi va in p gia hai u on mch.
B i 2 : Cho on mch nh hnh v. Bit
3
1 10
( ); ( )
10 4
L H C F

v mt bng n ghi ( 40V 40W )

t vo hai u A v N mt in p xoay chiu 120 2 100 ( )
AN
u cos t V . Cc dng c o khng lm nh
hng n mch in.
a) Tm s ch ca cc dng c o.
b) Vit biu thc cng dng in qua mch.
c) Vit biu thc ca in p gia hai u on mch AB.
B i 3 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Bit
4
1 10
( ); 100( ); ( )
2
L H R C F

v biu thc in
p gia hai u on mch l 200 2 100 ( )
AB
u cos t V . Vit biu thc in p gia hai u: in tr,
cung thun cm, t in.
Nguyn nh Khang
66
A B
N
L C
A B
R L C
Bi 4: Cho mch in xoay chiu c R, L, C mc ni tip
trong : R = 40 ( );
3
3 10
( ); ( )
10 7
L H C F

.
Biu thc in p
120 100 ( )
AF
u cos t V
. Cho tan37
0
= 0,75.
Lp biu thc ca:
a) Cng dng in qua mch.
b) in p gia hai u on mch.
B i 5 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Bit R = 10; cun dy c h s t cm
0, 2
; 10 L H r
.
in p gia hai u on mch l 20 2 100 ( ) u cos t V . Vit biu thc cng dng in chy trong
mch v in p hai u cun dy.
B i 6 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Bit t in c in dung
4
10
( )
1, 2
C F
ni tip vi mt bin tr R. iu chnh R

cng sut hai u on mch 160W. Vit biu thc cng dng in qua mch.
B i 7 : Mt mch in xoay chiu gm in tr R, t in C v cun dy thun cm L mc ni tip. Hiu in
th tc thi gian gia hai u on mch l
200
.
2
u cos t
. Khi tn s dng in xoay chiu c gi tr cc
i l 50 Hz th cng hiu dng ca dng in c gi tr cc i l 2,5 A. Khi tn s dng in xoay
chiu l 100Hz th cng hiu dng ca dng in l 2 A.
a) Tm R, L, C.
b) Vit biu thc in p hai u cc phn t R, L, C
B i 8 : Cho mch R,L,C, u = 240
2
cos(100t) V, R = 40, Z
C
= 60 , Z
L
= 20 .Vit biu thc ca dng
in trong mch
A. i = 3
2
cos(100t) A B. i = 6cos(100t)A
C. i = 3
2
cos(100t + /4) A D. i = 6cos(100t + /4)A
B i 9 : Cho mch in R,L,C cho u = 240
2
cos(100t) V, R = 40 , Z
L
= 60 , Z
C
= 20, Vit biu thc
ca cng dng in trong mch
A. i = 3
2
cos(100t)A. B. i = 6cos(100t) A.
C. i = 3
2
cos(100t /4)A D. i = 6cos(100t - /4)A
B i 10 : Cho mch R,L,C, R = 40, Z
L
= Z
C
= 40 , u = 240
2
cos(100t). Vit biu thc i
A. i = 6
2
cos(100t )A B. i = 3
2
cos(100t)A
C. i = 6
2
cos(100t + /3)A D. 6
2
cos(100t + /2)A
B i 11 : Cho mch R,L,C, u = 120
2
cos(100t)V. R = 40, L = 0,3/ H. C = 1/3000 F, xc nh = ?
mch c cng hng, xc nh biu thc ca i.
A. = 100, i = 3 2 cos(100t)A. B. = 100, i = 3 2 cos(100t + )A.
C. = 100, i = 3 2 cos(100t + /2)A. D. = 100, i = 3 2 cos(100t /2)A.
B i 12 : Cho mch R,L,C, u = 120
2
cos(100t)V. R = 30 , Z
L
= 10 3 , Z
C
= 20 3 , xc nh biu
thc i.
A. i = 2 3 cos(100t)A B. i = 2 6 cos(100t)A
C. i = 2 3 cos(100t + /6)A D. i = 2 6 cos(100t + /6)A
Nguyn nh Khang
67
A B
L
C
R
F
R
L, r
B
A
R C
B A
DNG 2. TM S CH CA AMPEK VN K
I. Phng php
+ My o ch cc gi tr hiu dng: U = I.R

U
I
R
.
+ S dng gin vc t:
2 2 2
( )
R L C
U U U U + . Ta tm c U sau suy ra R, L, C.
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : CHo mt mch in xoay chiu c tn s f = 50Hz. in tr
R = 33, t in c in dung C =
2
10
56
F
. Ampe k ch I = 2A.
Hy tm s ch ca cc vn k. Bit rng ampek c in tr rt
nh, vnk c in tr rt ln.
B i 2 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, RLC mc ni tip.
Cc vn k V
1
ch U
R
= 5V; V
2
ch U
L
= 9V; V ch U = 13 V.
Hy tm s ch ca vn k V
3
.
B i 3 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. in p t vo hai
u on mch l 400 2 100 ( ) u cos t V ; Cc vn k ch cc gi tr
hiu dng: V
1
ch U
1
= 200V; V
3
ch U
3
= 200V,
bit dng in bin thin
cng pha vi in p.
a) Tm s ch ca V
2
.
b) Vit biu thc in p hai u R, L, C.
B i 4 : Mt mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr hot ng R = 800, cun thun cm L = 1,27H v mt
t in c in dung C = 1,59
F
mc ni tip. Ngi ta t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu
c tn s f = 50Hz vi gi tr hiu dng U = 127V. Hy tm:
a) Cng hiu dng ca dng in qua mch.
b) Gc lch pha gia in p v dng in.
c) cc gi tr hiu dng ca in p hai u in tr, hai u cun dy, hai u t in.
B i 5 : Mt mch in mc nh hnh v. R l in tr hot ng, C l in dung ca t in. Khi t mt in
p xoay chiu c tn s f = 50Hz vo hai u M v N ta thy ampek ch 0,5A; vn k V
1
ch 75V; vn k V
2
ch 100V. Hy tnh:
a) Gi tr ca in tr R, C.
b) in p hiu dng gia hai im M v N.
B i 6 : Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit 100 3 R
4
10
2
C F
v cun thun cm L. t vo hai u mt in p

xoay chiu 200 2 100 ( ) u cos t V . Bit h s cng sut ton mch l
3
2
, b qua in tr ca dy ni v
ampek.
a) Tm L.
Nguyn nh Khang
68
V
V2
V
1
C R
A B
L
C
R
F
V
V
1
V
2
V
3
A B
L
C
R
F
V
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
V2
V
1
C R
A
A B
R L C
A
b) Tm s ch ampek.
c) Vit biu thc cng dng in.
DNG 3 IU KIN CNG PHA HIN TNG CNG HNG IN
I. Phng php
a) iu kin cng pha.
cng dng in v in p cng pha th
2
0 tan 0 1
L C
L C
Z Z
Z Z LC
R

b) Hin tng cng hng in: Khi c hin tng cng in th
+
2
1
. . 1
2
L C
Z Z LC f
LC

+
U
Z R I
R
= I
Max
v cng sut ca mch t gi tr Max
2
2
.
Max
U
P I R U I
R

+ in p v cng dng in cng pha.
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm mt in tr hot ng R = 30 , mt cun thun cm
1
2
L H
v mt t in c in dung bin i c. in p t vo hai u mch l:

180 100 ( ) u cos t V
.
1. Cho
3
10
2
C F
, tm:
a) Tng tr ca mch.
b) Biu thc ca dng in qua mch.
2. Thay i C sao cho cng dng in qua mch cng pha vi in p hai u mch. Tm:
a) Gi tr C.
b) Biu thc dng in qua mch.
B i 2 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v: 120 2 100 ( )
AB
u cos t V . in tr 24 R , cun thun
cm
1
5
L H
. T in
2
1
10
2
C F
, vn k c in tr rt ln.
1. Tm:
a) Tng tr ca mch.
b) S ch ca vn k.
2. Ghp thm vi t C
1
mt t c in dung C
2
sao cho vn k c s ch ln nht. Hy cho bit:
a) Cch ghp v tnh C
2
.
b) S ch ca vn k khi .
B i 3 : on mch xoay chiu gm mt in tr hot ng 60 R , cun thun cm
2
5
L H
v mt t
4
1
10
C F
mc ni tip vi nhau. in p gia hai u on mch l

120 2 100 ( ) u cos t V .
1. Tm:
a) Tng tr ca mch.
b) Biu thc dng in qua mch.
2. Ghp C
1
vi C
2
sao cho cng dng in qua mch cng pha vi in p hai u
Nguyn nh Khang
69
A B
R L C
V
V
1
V
2
r, L C
A
:
on mch. Hy:
a) Cho bit cch ghp v tnh C
2
.
b) Biu thc ca dng in khi .
B i 4 : Cho mch in xoay chiu. in p xoay chiu t vo hai u
on mch 220 2 100 ( ) u cos t V . in tr 22 R , cun thun
cm
0, 318 L H
.
Tm C s ch ca vn k t gi tr cc i. Hy cho bit s ch ca
vn k v ampek khi .
DNG 4. XC NH LCH PHA
I. Phng php
a. Phng php i s.
ADCT : tan ; ;sin
L C L C
Z Z Z Z R
cos
R Z Z

.
b. Phng php hnh hc ( Phng php gin Fre-nen)
+ V gin vc t, ly trc dng in lm gc.
Cc vc t biu din cc gi tr hiu dng hoc cc i.
+ Biu din cc vc t
1 2 3
; ; ;...;
n
U U U U
uur uur uur uur
.
Vc t tng
1 2
......
n
U U U U + + +
ur uur uur uur
.
+ Gi
l lch pha gia u v i ta c:

1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
sin
tan
U U sin
U cos U cos

+
Ch : kim tra xem v ng hay sai ta c th lm nh sau
Dng nh l hm cosin kim tra.
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 1
1 2 2
2
2 . .
2 .
U U U
U U U U U cos cos
U U

+
+
- Nu cos > 0 th < /2. Suy ra u chm pha hn i.
- Nu cos < 0 th > /2. Suy ra u sm pha hn i.
Hoc ta c th so snh U
1
.sin
1
v
2 2
sin U
:
- Nu U
1
.sin
1
>
2 2
sin U
: U sm pha hn i
- Nu U
1
.sin
1
<
2 2
sin U
: U tr pha hn i
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : on mch xoay chiu gm mt in tr hot ng R v mt cun thun cm L mc ni tip. in p
hai u on mch l 120 2 (100 )
6
u cos t V
+ v cng dng in 2 (100 )

12
i cos t

A.
Tnh R, L.
B i 2 : Cho mch in xoay chiu, in p t vo hai u on mch
c dng: 150 2 100 ( ) u cos t V . in tr R ni tip vi cun thun
cm L v t in C. Ampek c in tr rt nh. Khi kho K m,
cng dng in qua mch l 5 (100 )( )
4
i cos t A
+ . Khi kho K
ng, ampek ch I = 3A. Tm R, L, C.
Nguyn nh Khang
70
R C
L
V
A
O
I
1
U
uur
U
ur
2
U
uur
U
ur
2
U
ur
1
U
ur
U
ur
2
U
ur
1
U
ur
:
R
L
C
K
B i 3 : on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm mt cun dy v mt t in. in p gia hai u
on mch l
120 2 100 u cos t
(V). in p hiu dng gia hai u cun dy l U
1
= 120V, gia hai bn
t in l U
2
= 120V.
1) Tm lch pha gia in p hai u on mch v cng dng in chy qua mch.
2) Cng hiu dng ca dng in l I = 2A.
a) Vit biu thc dng in.
b) Tnh in dung C ca t in, in tr hot ng v t cm L.
B i 4 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. 90 2 100 ( )
AB
u cos t V .
Cc my o khng nh hng g n dng in chy qua mch. V
1
ch U
1
=
120V; V
2
ch U
2
= 150V.
a) Tm lch pha gia u v i.
b) Ampek ch I = 3A.
+ Vit biu thc cng dng in.
+ Tnh in dung C ca t in, in tr hot ng r v t cm ca
cun dy.
DNG 5. HAI ON MCH CNG PHA VUNG PHA
I. Phng php
Xt hai on mch trn cng mt mch in; gi s hai on mch ny lch pha nhau mt gc
. ta c:

1 2
t
+
2
Hai on mch vung pha.

+
0
Hai on mch cng pha.
+
l bt k
1 2
tan tan( ) t
=
2
2
tan tan
1 tan tan

t
m
.
c bit:
2
t , ta c: 1 2 2
2
1
tan tan( ) cot
2 tan
an
t
1 2
tan . tan 1
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v:
2
1 1 2
10 1
4 ; ; 100 ;
8
R C F R L H

; f = 50Hz.
Tm in dung C
2
bit rng in p u
AE
v u
EB
cng pha.
B i 2 : Cho mch in xoay chiu. Tm mi lin h gia R
1
, R
2
, C v L u
AE
v u
EB
vung pha nhau.
Nguyn nh Khang
71
R
1
C
1
R
1
,L
C
2
B
A
E
R
1
C
R
2
L
B A
B i 3 : Cho mch in hnh bn, f = 50Hz,
4
10
C F
. Hy tnh in tr hot ng ca cun dy bit in p

u
AE
lch pha vi in p u
EB
mt gc 135
0
v cng qua mch cng pha vi in p u
AB
.
B i 4 : Hai cun dy mc ni tip vi nhau v mc vo mng in xoay chiu. Tm mi lin h gia R
1
, L
1
,
R
2
, L
2
tng tr on mch Z = Z
1
+ Z
2
. Trong Z
1
, Z
2
l tng tr hai cun dy.
f = 50Hz, U
AB
= 120V, R = 100, R
A
= 0.
Khi khoa K ng v khi K m, ampek c sos ch khng i,
cn cng dng in lch pha nhau
2
. Hy tm:
a) L v C.
b) S ch ca ampek.
DNG 6. CUN DY C IN TR THUN
I. Phng php
+ Cun dy c in tr hot ng, ta coi nh mt in tr thun hot ng ni tip vi mt cun thun cm.
+ Cc c im ca on mch:
- Pha(u
cd
) = Pha(i) +
L
.
- U
cd
= I. Z
cd
; Z
cd
=
2 2
L L
R Z + .
- Gin vc t:
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh
gm mt in tr hot ng R
1
= 24, mt cun dy c in tr hot ng
2
16 R
v c t cm
L
2
4 10
;
25 46
H C F

. in p hai u on mch :
150 100 ( ) u cos t V
. Tm:
a) Cm khng , dung khng, tng tr ca cun dy v tng tr ca on mch.
b) Biu thc ca cng dng in chy qua on mch; in p hai u cun dy.
B i 2 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Tn s f = 50Hz;
3
10
18 ;
4
R C F
; cun dy c in tr thun
2
2
9 ;
5
R L H
.
Cc my o c nh hng khng ng k i vi dng in qua mch.
Nguyn nh Khang
72
C
A
r, L
B
E
R
1
, L
1
R
2
, L
2
:
L,r C
K
L,R
L
L
R
L
L
cd
U
ur
I
r
A B
L
C
R
F
V
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
R
2
Vn k V
2
ch 82V. Hy tm s ch ca cng dng in, vn k V
1
,
vn k V
3
v vn k V.
B i 3 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v.
in p hai u on mch 25 2 100 ( )
AB
u cos V .
V
1
ch U
1
= 12V; V
2
ch U
2
= 17V, Ampek ch I = 0,5A. Tm in tr R
1
,
R
2
v L ca cun dy.
B i 4 : on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm mt cun dy c in tr hot ng 30 R v c
t cm
2
5
L H
, mt t in c in dung
3
10
C F
. in p hai u cun dy l
200 100 ( )
cd
u cos t V
. Tm biu thc ca:
a) Cng dng in qua mch.
b) in p gia hai u t in v hai u on mach.
B i 5 : Mt cun dy khi mc vo ngun in khng i U
1
= 100V th cng dng in qua cun dy l
I
1
= 2,5 A, khi mc vo ngun in xoay chiu U
2
= 100V, f = 50Hz th cng dng in qua cun dy l
I
2
= 2 A. Tnh in tr thun ca cung dy v h s t cm L.
/S:
40 ; 0.096 R L H
DNG 7. TM CNG SUT CA ON MCH XOAY CHIU
KHNG PHN NHNH
I. Phng php
Dng nh ngha :
P UIcos
=
2
RI
; cos

R
Z
.
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : in p xoay chiu ca on mch 120 2 (100 )( )
4
u cos t V
v cng dng in trong mch

3 2 (100 )( )
12
u cos t A
+ . Tm cng sut ca mch in.

B i 2 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Cc my o khng nh
hng n dng in qua mch. V
1
ch U
1
= 36V, V
2
ch U
2
= 40V, V

ch U = 68V Ampek ch I = 2A. Tm cng sut ca mch.
B i 3 : on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh in p U = 220V gm mt in tr hot ng
R
1
= 160 v mt cun dy. in p hai u in tr R
1
l U
1
= 80V, hai u cun dy l U
2
= 180V.
Tm cng sut tiu th ca cun dy.
Nguyn nh Khang
73
R
1
R
2
,L
A
V
2
V
1
R
1
R
2
,L
A
V
2
V
1
V
C
A
R,L
:
B i 4 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, 60 6 100 ( )
AB
u cos t V , V
1
ch U
1
= 60V, V
2
ch U
2
= 120V. Cc vn k c in tr rt ln, ampek c
in tr rt nh.
a) Tnh h s cng sut.
b) Ampek ch I = 2A. Tnh:
+ Cng sut ca mch in.
+ in tr R v t cm L ca cun dy v in dung C ca t in.
B i 5 : in p hai u on mch l: 120 2 100 ( )
AB
u cos t V vi in tr R = 100, ng dy c h s
t cm L v in tr khng ng k, t in c in dung C c th thay i c.
1. Khi kha K ng:
a) Tnh h s t cm L ca ng dy. Bit lch pha gia in p hai
u on mch v dng in l 60
0
.
b) Tnh tng tr ca on mch v vit biu thc tc thi ca dng
in qua mch.
2. Kho K m:
a) Xc nh in dung C ca t in in p gia hai u on mch
cng pha vi cng dng in.
b) Tnh cng sut tiu th ca on mch.
DNG 8. BI TON CC TR
I. Phng php
1. Bi ton 1: Kho st cng sut theo R, theo L, theo C hoc theo f
a) Bin lun cng sut theo R: ( Tm R P
Max
, tm P
Max
)
- ADCT:
2 2
2
2 2 2
( )
L C
RU RU
P RI
Z R Z Z

+
2
( )
L C
U
Z Z
R
R
+
.
Ta c: U = const. Do P
Max
khi v ch khi mu s Min, ta c:
2
( )
2.
L C
L C
Z Z
MS R Z Z
R
+
2
Min L C
MS Z Z

2
( )
L C
L C
Z Z
R R Z Z
R
Vy ta c:
2 2
2 2
Max
L C
U U
P
Z z R

- th biu din s ph thuc ca cng sut vo R.

b) Bin lun cng sut theo L: ( Tm L P
Max
, tm P
Max
)
Nguyn nh Khang
74
R
L C
B
A
K
P
Max
P(W)
R()
O
L C
R Z Z
- ADCT:
2 2
2
2 2 2
( )
L C
RU RU
P RI
Z R Z Z

+
- Ta c: U = const, R = const. Do P
Max
khi v ch khi
mu s Min. Vy ta c:
1
0 .
L C L C
Z Z Z Z L
C

2
1
.
L
C
( Hin tng cng hng in)

Vy cng sut Max: P
Max
=
2
U
R
- th biu din s ph thuc ca cng sut vo L.

2
2 2
0 0
L
C
U R
L Z P
R Z

+
;
0
L
L Z P
c) Bin lun cng sut theo C: ( Tm C P
Max
, tm P
Max
)
- - ADCT:
2 2
2
2 2 2
( )
L C
RU RU
P RI
Z R Z Z

+
- Ta c: U = const, R = const. Do P
Max
khi v ch khi mu s Min. Vy ta
c:
1
0 .
L C L C
Z Z Z Z L
C
2
1
.
C
L
( Hin tng cng hng in xy ra)

Vy cng sut Max: P
Max
=
2
U
R
- th biu din s ph thuc ca cng sut vo C.

0 0
C
C Z P
;
2
2 2
0
C
L
U R
C Z P
R Z

+
d) Bin lun cng sut theo f: ( Tm f P
Max
, tm P
Max
)
Lm tng t nh bin lun cng sut theo L v C
2 2 2
1 1
4 f
LC LC

1
2
f
LC
P
Max
=
2
U
R
2. Bi ton 2: Kho st in p theo L, theo C.
+ Dng o hm.
+ Dng bt ng thc csi, bt ng thc Bunhiacpski.
+ Dng gin Fre-nen.
a) Bin lun in p theo L:
- V gin vc t, ly trc dng in lm gc, cc vc t ch cc gi tr hiu dng.
Ta c:
R L C RC L U U U U U U + + +
ur ur ur ur ur ur
- p dng nh l hm sin trong tam gic ABO.
sin
AB
=
sin sin
OA OB
B A

sin sin sin
RC L
U U U
B A

(1 )
+ Tm U
L
max:
(1 )
sin
sin
L
U
U
B

Ta c: U = const, sinB =
2 2
R
RC
C
U R
U
R Z
+
= const. Vy
Nguyn nh Khang
75
O
P
Max
P(W)
P
L(H)
O C(F)
P(W)
P
Max
P
O
f(Hz)
P
Max
P(W)
I
r
C
U
ur
R
U
ur
RC
U
ur
U
ur
L
U
ur
O
B
A
U
L
max khi sin
t gi tr max sin 1( )
2

2 2
( )
C
L
U R Z
U max
R
+
+ Tm L:
(1 ) sin
sin
RC
L
U
U
A
. V tam gic ABO vung O nn sinA = CosB =
2 2
C
C
Z
R Z +

2 2
2 2 RC C
L C L
C C
U R Z
U R Z Z
Z Z
+
+

2 2
2 2
( )
1
C
C
R Z
L C R Z
C
+
+
b) Bin lun in p theo C:
- V gin vc t, ly trc dng in lm gc, cc vc t ch cc gi tr hiu dng.
Ta c:
R L C C RL U U U U U U + + +
ur ur ur ur ur ur
- p dng nh l hm sin trong tam gic ABO.
sin
AB
=
sin sin
OA OB
B A

sin sin sin
C RL
U U U
A B

(2 )
+ Tm U
C
max:
(2 )
sin
sin
C
U
U
A

Ta c: U = const, sinA=
2 2
R
RL
L
U R
U
R Z
+
= const. Vy
U
C
max khi sin
t gi tr max sin 1( )
2

2 2
( )
L
C
U R Z
U max
R
+
+ Tm C:
(1 ) sin
sin
RL
C
U
U
B
. V tam gic ABO vung O nn sinB = CosA =
2 2
L
L
Z
R Z +

2 2
2 2 RL L
C L C
L L
U R Z
U R Z Z
Z Z
+
+

2 2
2 2
1
L
L
R Z L
C
C L R Z
+

+
* Ch : Nu vn k mc vo c 2 trong 3 phn t ca mch in th phi dng o hm tm cc tr ca
in p.
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm mt in tr hot ng 50 R , mt cun thun cm
1
L H
, mt t in c in dung l C. in p hai u on mch l: 260 2 100 ( ) u cos t V

1. Cho
3
10
22
C F
. Tm:
a) Tng tr ca on mch.
b) Cng sut v h s cng sut.
2. Thay i C sao cho cng sut ca mch ln nht. Tm:
a) Gi tr ca C.
b) Cng sut ca mch khi .
Nguyn nh Khang
76
U
ur
R
U
ur
RL
U
ur
L
U
ur
O
C
U
ur
A
B
B i 2 : on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm mt cun dy c in tr hot ng 30 R v t
cm l L, mt t in c in dung
3
1
10
8
C F
. in p hai u on mch l U = 100V, tn s

f = 50Hz. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l P = 120W.
1. Tnh h s cng sut ca mch.
2. Tm t cm L ca cun dy.
3. Ghp thm vi C
1
mt t C
2
sao cho h s cng sut max.
a) Hy cho bit cch ghp C
2
v tnh C
2
.
b) Tm cng sut ca mch khi .
AB
u cos t V
4
1 4.10
;
10
L H C F

, R l mt
bin tr.
1. Cho R = 20. Tm:
a) Tng tr ca mch in.
c) Biu thc ca dng in.
2. Thay i R sao cho cng sut ca mch l max. Tm:
a) R.
c) Biu thc ca dng in.
4
10
100 ; R C F
. t vo hai u on mch mt in
p xoay chiu
200 100 ( )
AB
u cos t V
. Cun dy thun cm c t cm L thay i c.
a) Tm L cng sut ca mch ln nht. Tnh cng sut tiu th ca mch
khi .
b) Tm L cng sut ca mch l 100W. Vit biu thc dng in
trong mch.
c) Kho st s thy i ca cng sut theo L khi L thay i t 0 n v
cng.
d) Tm L vn k ch gi tr ln nht, tm gi tr ln nht ca vn k khi .
B i 5 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. in p hai u on mch l U, in tr thun R, cun dy
thun cm c t cm L, t in c in dung C. Tn s f ca dng in c th thay i c. Tm
:
a) in p hiu dng hai u R Max.
b) in p hiu dng hai u L Max.
c) in p hiu dng hai u C Max.
AB
u cos t V ,
2
30 ;
5
r L H

V
R
. Tm C Vn k ch gi tr ln nht.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca vn k khi .
B i 7 : CHo mch in xoay chiu nh hnh. in tr thun 40 R , t c in dung
4
10
C F
, t
cm L c th thay i c. t vo hai u on mch AB mt in p xoay chiu khng i.
1. Khi
3
5
L H
, in p trn on mch DB l: 80 (100 )( )

3
DB
u cos t V
.
a) Vit biu thc cng dng in tc thi chy qua mch v
in p tc thi hai u on mch.
b) Tnh in lng chuyn qua tit din ca dy dn trong 1/4 chu k
k t lc dng in b trit tiu.
Nguyn nh Khang
77
B
A B
C
R
L
R C
L
V
A
A B
C
R
L
C
A
r, L
B
E
V
A B
C
R
L
2. Cho L bin thin t 0 n v cng.
a) Tm L in p hai u cun dy t gi tr max. Tm gi tr ln nht ca in p hai u cun
dy.
b) V th biu din s ph thuc U
L
vo L.
B i 8 : Cho mch R,L,C, u = 150
2
cos(100t) V. L = 2/ H, C = 10
-4
/0,8 F, mch tiu th vi cng sut P
= 90 W. Xc nh R trong mch.
A. 90 B. 160 C. 250 D. c A v B
B i 9 : Cho mch R,L,C, cho u = 30
2
cos(100t)V, khi R = 9 th i
1
lch pha
1
so vi u. Khi R = 16 th
i lch
2
so vi u. Cho ln ca
1
+
2
= /2. Xc nh L.
A. 0,08/ H B. 0,32/ H C. 0,24/ H D. c A v B
B i 10 : Cho mch R,L,C, u = 100
2
cos(100t)V, L = 1,4/ H, C = 10
-4
/2 F. Xc nh cng sut tiu th
cc i trong mc
A. 120W B. 83,3 W C. 160 W D. 100W
B i 11 : Cho mch R,L,C, u = 200cos(100t) R = 100, L = 1/ H, C = 10
- 4
/2 F. Xc nh biu thc hiu
in th hai u in tr R
A. u = 100 cos(100t + /4) V B. u = 100 2 cos(100t + /4) V
C. u = 100
2
cos(100t + 3/4)V D. u = 100 cos(100t /4)V
B i 12 . Cho mch R,L,C R c th thay i c, U = U
RL
= 100
2
V, U
C
= 200V. Xc nh cng sut tiu
th trong mch.
A. 100W B. 100
2
W C. 200W D. 200
2
W
B i 13 : Cho mch in xoay chiu c i =
2
cos(100t) A. cho mch ch c mt phn t duy nht l C vi
Z
C
= 100 . Biu thc ca hiu in th t vo hai u on mch l
A. u = 100 2 cos(100t) V C. u = 100 2 cos(100 t + ) V
B. u = 100 2 cos(100 t + /2)V D. u = 100 2 cos(100 t /2)V
B i 14 : Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC ghp ni tip nhau, R = 140 , L = 1 H, C = 25 mF, I = 0,5 A,
f = 50 Hz. Tng tr ca ton mch v hiu in th hai u mch l
A. 233 , 117 V B. 323 , 117V C. 233 , 220V D. 323 , 220 V
B i 15 : Mt bn l in coi nh mt in tr thun R c mc vo mng in 110 V 50Hz. Cho bit bn
l chy chun nht 110 V 60 Hz. Hi cng sut ca bn l x thay i th no.
A. c th tng hoc gim xung C. Tng ln
B. Gim xung D. Khng i
B i 16 : Mt cun dy c L = 2/15 H v R = 12 , c t vo mt hiu in th xoay chiu 100 V 60
Hz. Hi cng dng in qua cun dy v nhit lng ta ra trn in tr trong mt pht l ?
A. 3A, 15 kJ B. 4A, 12 kJ C. 5A, 18kJ D. 6A, 24kJ
B i 17 : Hiu in th t vo mch in l u = 100
2
cos(100 t /6 ) V. Dng in trong mch l
i = 4
2
cos(100t - /2 ) A. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l
A. 200W. B. 400W C. 600W D. 800W
B i 18 : Mt thit b in c ghi gi tr nh mc trn nhn l 110 V. Hi thit b phi chi c hiu in th
ti thiu l bao nhiu?
A. 220
2
V B. 220V C. 110
2
V D. 110V
DNG 9. BI TON HP EN
I. Phng php
+ Da vo d kin ca bi ton cho bit hp en cha phn t no.
Nguyn nh Khang
78
+ Da vo c im ca tng on mch;
- on mch c in p nhanh pha hn dng in th mch c th c: L ; L v C ( Z
Z
> Z
C
); L v R
hoc R,L,C ni tip ( Z
Z
> Z
C
).
- on mch c in p tr pha hn dng in th mch c th c: C ; L v C ( Z
Z
< Z
C
); C v R hoc
R,L,C ni tip ( Z
Z
< Z
C
).
- on mch m in p cng pha vi dng in th c th c: R hoc RLC ( Z
L
= Z
C
).
- on mch c in p vung pha dng in th mch c th c: ch c C hoc ch c L hoc c c L
v C.
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Xho mch in xoay chiu nh hn v. X v Y l hai hp, mi hp ch cha hai trong ba phn t: in
tr thun, thun cm v t in mc ni tip vi nhau. Cc vn k V
1
, V
2
v ampek o c c dng in
xoay chiu v dng in mt chiu.
;
V A
R R ? =
.
Khi mc hai im A v M vo 2 cc ca ngun in
mt chiu, ampek ch 2A, V
1
ch 60V. Khi mc
A v B vo ngun in xoay chiu, tn s 50Hz th
ampek ch 1A, cc vn k ch cng mt gi tr 60V, nhng
u
AM
v u
MB
lch pha nhau /2. Hp X v Y cha nhng phn t no? Tnh gi tr ca chng.
B i 2 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. R l bin tr, t in C c in dung
3
10
9
F
. X l on mch
gm hai trong ba phn t: R
0
, L
0
, C
0
mc ni tip. t vo hai u A v B mt in p xoay chiu c in p
hiu dng U
AB
l khng i.
1. Khi R = R
1
= 90 th: 180 2 (100 )( )
2
AM
u cos t V

60 2 100 ( )
MB
u cos t V .
a) Vit biu thc u
AB
.
b) Xc nh cc phn t ca X v gi tr ca chng.
2. Khi cho R bin i t 0 cho n v cng.
a) Khi R = R
2
th cng sut ca mch cc i. Tm R
2
v P
Max
.
b) V th biu din s ph thuc ca P vo R.
B i 3 : Cho mt hp en X bn trong cha 2 trong 3 phn t R, L,C. t mt hiu in th khng i
U = 100 V vo hai u on mch th thy I = 1 A. Xc nh cc phn t trong mch v gi tr ca cc phn
t .
A. R,L R = 200 B. R,C C. R,L R = Z
L
= 100 D. R,L R = 100 .
B i 4 : Cho mt hp en bn trong cha mt s phn t ( mi loi mt phn t) Mc mt hiu in th khng
i vo hai u hp th nhn thy cng dng in qua hp t cc i l v cng. Xc nh phn t trong
hp.
A. Ch cha L B. Cha L,C v cng hng
C. khng xc nh c D. C A v C
B i 5 : Cho hai hp en, mi hp ch c phn t duy nht mc vo mch in xoay chiu c
f = hng s. Ngi ta nhn thy hiu in th hai u on mch nhanh pha /4 so vi cng dng in
hai u mch. Xc nh cc phn t ca mi hp
A. R, L B. R,C C. C, L. D. R, L v R = Z
L
BI TP TNG HP N TP
Nguyn nh Khang
79
X Y
A
V
2
V
1
M A B
A B
X
R
C
M
Cu 1: Cho mch in xoay chiu tn s f=50Hz. R=60 , cun dy thun cm,
C=30,6
F
3 6
10
3
F, RA
0. UMN=120V. Khi K chuyn t 1 sang 2 s ch ampe

k khng i.
a) Tnh L.
b) S ch ampe k.
Cu 2: Cho dng in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz. in tr thun R=10 v mt
cun dy mc ni tip. in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr, hai u cun dy
v hai u on mch ln lt o c 2,39V, 4,5V v 6,5V.
a) Chng t cun dy c in tr hot ng.
a) Tnh in tr v t cm ca cun dy.
Cu 3: Cho dng in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz, in p hiu dng U=120V. in tr thun R v mt t in C mc
ni tip. Cng hiu dng qua mch l 2,4A v in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr l 96V.
a) Tnh R v Z.
a) Tnh C v UC.
Cu 4: Cho dng in xoay chiu. Cun dy in tr khng ng k. Cm khng ZL=70, mc ni tip vi t in
c dung khng ZC=50. Dng in trong mch c biu thc i=5
2
cos100
t(A)
a) Tnh UL v U.
a) Tnh L.
Cu 5: Cho dng in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip: R=132 , L=0,734H
25
6
H, C=15,9
50

F. in p
hai u mch c tn s 50Hz, UC=200V. Hy tnh:
a) Tnh I.
a) Tnh UL v U.
Cu 6: Cho dng in xoay chiu. Cun dy thun cm. in p gia hai im
A&B c biu thc:
t u 100 cos 2 120
(V). Bit cc in p hiu dng sau
y: UAN=160V, UNB=56V.
a) Gii thch ti sao UAN+UNB
U.
b) Tnh UAM, UMB.
c) Cho R=60. Tnh L v C.
Cu 7: Cho dng in xoay chiu. Cun dy thun cm in tr ampe k v
dy ni khng ng k. Ngun in f=50Hz v in p hiu dng U=120V.
- Khi K1, K3 ng K2 m: A ch 1,5A.
- Khi K3 ng K1, K2 m: A ch 1,2A.
- Khi K2 ng K1, K3 m: A ch 1,6A.
a) Tnh R, L, C.
b) Nu c ba kha cng m th s ch ampe k l bao nhiu? Khi ny tng tn
s ln f=60Hz th s ch ampe k tng hay gim? Mun s ch ampe k vn
nh trc th phi thay t C bng t in C c in dung bng bao nhiu?
Cu 8: Cho mch in xoay chiu hnh sin RLC ni tip. in p hiu dng gia hai u
cun dy, t in v on mch ln lt l 200V, 70V, 150V. Cng hiu dng I=1A.
a) Tnh in tr hot ng ca cun dy, cm khng v dung khng ca on mch.
b) Bit khi ni tip thm C=17,8
F
9
160

F th cng dng in hiu dng
khng i. Tnh tn s f ca dng in v t cm L, in dung C. (Cho: 32 , 0
1
).
Cu 9: Cho mch in xoay chiu hnh cos
Nguyn nh Khang
80
A
R
L
C
K
M N
(1)
(2)
R
C
L
A B
K
1
K
2
K
3
r,L
A B
C
M
R
C
L
M N
A B
'

V U
V U
V t u
R
AB
130
110
) ( 100 cos 2 200
55
2
1

a) Chng t cun dy c r 0 .
b) Tnh r, L.
c) Lp biu thc u2 gia hai u ca cun dy.
(Cho: 32 , 0
1
, arctan0,75=37
0
, arctan2,4=67
0
).
'
0
3
10
5 , 18
100
4
A
R
F F C
R

t on mch vo in p:
) ( 100 cos 2 50 ) ( 314 cos 7 , 70 V t V t u
.
Khi K ng hay m s ch ca ampe k khng
thay i.
a) Tnh L.
b) Tnh s ch ca A.
c) Lp biu thc i trong trng hp K ng, K m.
Cu 11: Cho mch in xoay chiu : f=50Hz. Cc vn k c in tr rt ln, ampe k c in tr khng ng k. S
ch ca A, V1 v V l: 2,5A, 125V, 141V. Bit in p hai u on mch lch pha
4
so vi dng in.
a) Tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u mi phn t.
b) Tnh R, L, C.
c) u v i cng pha th phi thay L bng L c gi tr bng bao nhiu?
Cu 12: Cho mch in xoay chiu gm hai phn t mc ni tip: Bit in p hai
u on mch chm pha
3
so vi dng in.
a) Xc nh hai phn t trn.
b) Bit U0=32V, I0=8A. Tnh gi tr ca cc phn t.
( )
'

) ( 100 cos 2 100 ; 159
3 10 , 8 , 31
V t u F C
r H L
AB

a) Lp biu thc ca i.
b) Lp biu thc ud, uC.
Cu 14: Cho mch in xoay chiu hnh cos R,L,C mc ni tip: R=10 , cun dy c r=0 , Cho in p hai u
on mch: ) ( 100 cos 2 100 V t u . Dng in trong mch chm pha hn uAB gc
4
v nhanh pha hn uAM gc

4
.
a) Lp biu thc i.
Nguyn nh Khang
81
R L
A B
U
1
U
2
R
C
L
A B
A
K
R
C
L
A B
A
V
1
V
r,L
A B
C
R
C
L
M
A B
b) Lp biu thc uAM.
Cu 15: Cho mch in xoay chiu. Cho in p hai u on mch: ) ( 100 cos 140 V t u . UAM=100V, UMB=140V.
a) Lp biu thc uAM, uMB.
b) Cho bit cun dy c in tr hot ng r=7. Tnh L, C.
Cu 16: Cho L=31,8mH. Cho in p: ) ( 100 cos 2 100 V t u
AM
,
) )(
3
2
100 cos( 2 100 V t u
MB

.
a) Tnh r, C.
b) Vit uAB.
Cu 17: Cho mch in xoay chiu
gm hai phn t mc ni tip. Cho
bit in p gia hai u on mch
v cng dng in trong mch: ) )(
2
100 cos( 80 V t u

+ , ) )(
4
100 cos( 8 A t i

+ .
a) Xc nh tn hai phn t trn gii thch.
b) Tnh gi tr mi phn t.
Cu18: Cho mt ng dy c in tr R v h s t cm L. t v hai u ng dy mt in p mt chiu 12V th
cng dng in trong ng l 0,24A.
- t v hai u ng dy mt in p xoay chiu c tn s 50Hz, gi tr hiu dng 100V th cng dng in hiu
dng trong ng l 1A.
a) Tnh R, L.
b) Mc ng dy ni tip vi t in c in dung C=87
F vo in p xoay chiu ni trn.

- Lp biu thc i trong mch.
- Tnh Ud, UC, P.
Cu 19: Mt cun dy t vo in p xoay chiu f=50Hz, U=120V th P=43,2W v I=0,6A.
Tnh:
a) Tnh in tr hot ng v L ca cun dy, suy ra h s cng sut.
b) in dung ca t in C mc ni tip vo mch cos
=0,8. Tnh C.
Cu 20: Cho mch in xoay chiu rL,C mc ni tip: r=17,3 , L=63,6mH, C=318
F. t vo hai u on mch
in p ) ( 100 cos 2 100 V t u .
a) Lp biu thc i v tnh P.
b) Ghp C vi C P vn nh trc tnh C nh cch ghp. Lp biu thc ca i trong
trng hp ny.
Cu 20: Cho mch in xoay chiu R,C mc ni tip C=31,8
F. t vo hai u on
mch in p ) ( 100 cos 2 100 V t u . Khi thay i cc gi tr ca bin tr, vi hai gi
tr R1 v R2 (R1
R2) cng sut ca mch u bng nhau.
a) Hy tnh R1.R2.
b) t
1
,
2
ln lt l lch pha gia in p hai u on mch vi dng in trong
hai trng hp R1 v R2. Cho bit
2 1
2 .
- Hy xc nh R1, R2 v cng sut ca mch.
- Lp biu thc ca i trong hai trng hp.
Cu 21: Cho mch in xoay chiu:
( )
'

) ( 100 cos 2 126
4
27 , 1 , 300
V t u
H H L R
MN

Gi tr C iu chnh c s ch ca vn k l ln nht.
a) Tnh C.
Nguyn nh Khang
82
L
A B
C
M
r,L
A B
C
M
r,L
A B
C
M
R
C
A B
~
M N
L
C
V
A
b) Xc nh s ch ca Vn k v Ampe k. Coi RA
0, RV>>.
'

Hz f V U
mH L R
AB
50 , 220
318 , 2 , 22

a) Khi C=88,5 F , in p hai u cun dy nhanh pha
3
so vi dng in trong mch.
- Chng t cun dy c in tr. Tnh Rd v s ch ca
vn k.
- Tnh cng sut tiu hao trn cun dy v trn on
mch.
b) Thay i C, c mt gi tr ca C lm cho s ch ca
vn k cc i. Tnh ny ca C v s ch vn k, ampe k
khi .
Cu 23: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip:
R=200, L=0,636H
2
H, C thay i c. in p
hai u on mch f=50Hz, U=300V.
a) Cho C=63,6 F F
200
. Tnh Z, tan
.
b) Tm C Imax. Tm UR, UC, UL?
Cu 24: Cho mch in xoay chiu cun dy c in tr R mc ni tip vi C: R=2 , L=0,1H. in p hai u
on mch f=50Hz.
a) Tm C Imax.
b) Nu UCmax=396V. Th U hai u on mchc gi tr nh th no t khng b nh thng.
Cu 25: Cho mch in xoay chiu f=50Hz. in dung C c gi tr no Imax=2A. Tnh R, L, C nu:
a) Cc in p hiu dng hai u cun dy v hi u t ln lt l: U1=100V, U2=60V.
a) Cc in p hiu dng hai u cun dy v hi u on mch ln lt l: U1=200V,
U2=120V.
Cu 26: Cho mch in xoay chiu: Cun dy c in tr r=0, L=1,27H H
4
. in
p hai u on mch ) ( 100 cos 2 126 V t u . Khi iu chnh C, s ch ca vn k c
gi tr cc i l 210V.
a) Tm R, C.
b) Xc nh s ch ampe k. (RA=0, RV>>).
Cu 27: Cho mch in xoay chiu: Cun dy c in tr r=0, L, C bin thin. in p hai
u on mch ) ( 100 cos 200 V t u .
a) Khi iu chnh C=15,9 F F
2
10
4
, th dng in nhanh pha hn in p hai
u on mch gc
4
v I=1A. Tnh R, lp biu thc i v tnh P?

b) Tnh C Pmax?
c) Tnh C P
2
1
Pmax?
Cu 28: Cho mch in xoay chiu: R=100, cun dy thun cm L=0,318H H
1
, C=31,8 F F
100
. in
p hai u on mch ) ( cos 2 120 V t u . Tn s
thay i c.
a) Khi
0
th Pmax. Tnh
0
v Pmax?
b) CM c hai gi tr ca
1
v
2
ng vi cng mt gi tr ca P (P<Pmax). Tm h thc lin h gia
1
,
2
v
0

c lp vi cc i lng khc.
Nguyn nh Khang
83
~
M N
R
L
C
V
A
R,L
A B
C
~
M N
C
V
A
R
L
R
C
L
A B
Cu 29: Cho mch in xoay chiu: R, cun dy thun cm L=0,318H H
1
, C=79,5 F F
4
10
3
. in p hai
u on mch ) ( 100 cos 2 120 V t u . R thay i c.
a) Xc nh R Imax? Tnh gi tr ny?
b) Khi R=R0 th Pmax. Tnh R0, Pmax?
c) CM c hai gi tr ca R1 v R2 ng vi cng mt gi tr ca P (P<Pmax). V tho mn h thc:
'
0
max
2 1
2
0 2 1
.
2
R
P
P
R R
R R R
Cu 30: Cho mch in xoay chiu :
'

n. thi bin :
) ( 100 cos 2 240 , 0 ,
6 , 0
191 , 0 , 80
C
V t u r H H L R
AB

Khi C thay i hy tnh s ch cc i ca mi vn k v C ng vi mi trng hp ny. Coi RV>>.
Cu 31: Cho mch in xoay chiu rLC ni tip. t vo hai u on mch in p u=U
2
cos
t
a) Xc nh C0 Pmax? Tnh Pmax?
b) p dng: U=100V; f=50Hz; r=10 ; L=31,8mH H
10
1
. Tnh C0, Pmax, lp biu
thc ca i?
Cu 32: Vn xt on mch bi trn trong cc d kin cho.
a) Hy chng t:
) ( ) (
2 1 1
2 1
0 2 1
C P C P
C C C
+
- Trong C1, C2 l cc gi tr khc nhau ca in dung. P(C1), P(C2) l cng sut tng ng.
b) Nhn xt g v
trong hai trung hp.

Cu 33: Cho mch in xoay chiu : F F C
2
10
159
3
, R bin thin, ) ( 100 cos 2 100 V t u
AB

a) Tm R0 Pmax? Tnh Pmax?
b) R1, R2 l cc gi tr khc nhau ca in tr. P(R1), P(R2) l cng sut tng ng. CM:
) ( ) (
2 1
2
0 2 1
R P R P R R R .
c) Lp biu thc i khi R=R0?
Cu 34: Cho mch in xoay chiu rLC ni tip. Cho i=I
2
cos2
ft
a) Xc nh f0 Umin? Tnh Pmax?
b) Vi f=f0 thit lp mi lin h L,C, r U=UC?
Cu 35: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC ni tip.
t vo hai u on mch in p
) ( 2 cos 2 200 V ft u
AB
. Khi f1=50Hz v
f2=100Hz th vn k V ch cng mt gi tr.
a) Tnh f0 Imax?
b) Cho bit thm khi f=f1 hay f=f2 th s ch ca vn
k V v V bng nhau. Bit R=10 , hy tnh L, C?
Nguyn nh Khang
84
R
C
L
A B
V
1
V
2
V
3
C
r,L
A B
R
C
A B
C
r,L
A B
R
C
L
A B
V V
Cu 36: Cho mch in xoay chiu :
'
F F C
V t u H mH L r
AB
2
10
159
) ( 100 cos 2 100 ,
10
1
8 , 31 , 3 10
3

a) Lp biu thc i v u hai u cun dy.
b) Tnh P.
c) Phi ghp thm C bng bao nhiu (Ud)max. Tnh gi tr cc i ny v P. Xc nh cch ghp?
Cu 37: Cho mch in xoay chiu : Gm hai cun dy mc ni tip.
Tm mi lin h R1, L1, R2, L2 U=U1+U2.
Cu 38: Cho
mch in xoay
chiu: R=120
, cun dy thun
cm L=0,318H H
1
. in p hai u on mch ) ( 2 cos 2 V ft U u . Khi
K chuyn t (1) sang (2) th s ch ampe k khng i nhng pha ca dng in th bin thin 2 / . Hy tnh C v
tn s f ca mng in xoay chiu.
Cu 39: Cun dy in tr R v h s t cm L c mc vo in p xoay chiu: ) ( 100 cos
0
V t U u .
Dng in qua cun dy c cng cc i I0=10
2
A v tr pha
3
so vi in p. Cng sut tiu hao trn cun

dy l P=200W.
a) Tnh R, U0, v L?
b) Mc cun dy trn vi mt C ri mc vo in p trn thng qua dy ni c in tr Rd. Dng in qua cun dy
c cng nh trc nhng sm pha
6
so vi in p. Tnh cng sut tiu hao trn mch Rd v C.

Cu 40: Cho mch in xoay chiu: F F C
3
10
318 , R=70, ) ( 100 cos 2 120 V t u . Bit uAN v uNB
vung pha vi nhau.
a) Tnh L v I bit R0=5.
b) Tnh R0 v L nu I=1,2A.
) ( 100 cos 2 100 V t u , F C 12
0
, CV: thay i, RA=0. Khi CV thay i ta thy c hai gi tr l 6 F v 12
F th ampe k u ch 0,6A.
a) nh L v R.
b) Lp biu thc i ng vi hai trng hp ca CV.
c) nh gi tr ca CV cng dng in chm pha
6
so vi in p. Tnh s ch ampe k khi .

Cu 42. Cho on mch nh hnh v. X ch cha L hoc C.
t vo hai u A, B mt hiu in th xoay chiu n nh c
Nguyn nh Khang
85
C
r,L
A B
A B
U
1
U
2
R
1
,L
1
R
2
,L
2
A
R
L
C
K
M N
(1)
(2)
R
C R
o,
L
A B
M
N
R,L
C
v
M N
C
o
A
R
X
A B
gi tr hiu dng 200V v 50Hz. Thay i R cng sut tiu th trn mch l cc i. Khi cng dng in
qua mch c gi tr hiu dng l 1,414A. Bit cng dng in sm pha hn hiu in th gia hai u on
mch. Xc nh X.
Cu 43. C=1/.10
-4
F; X ch cha mt phn t R hoc L.
100 2 os(100 )( )
AB
u c t V . Dng in trong mch sm pha /3
so vi hiu in th hai u on mch.
a) Xc nh X.
b) Vit biu thc cng dng in qua mch.
Cu 44. L=0,636 H.
t vo hai u A,B mt hiu in th 120 2 os(100 )( )
AB
u c t V
th cng dng in qua cun dy l 0, 6 2 os(100 )( )
6
i c t A

a) Tm UX? b) X gm 2 trong 3 phn t R,L,C mc ni tip. Xc nh X?
Cu 45. X, Y ch cha 2 trong 3 phn t R,L,C.
Cc vn k v ampe k (l tng) c th o c c dng xoay chiu
v dng mt chiu. Khi mc vo A, M mt ngun mt chiu th
ampe k ch 2A, V1 ch 60V; Khi mc A,B vo ngun in xoay chiu
hnh Sin, tn s 50Hz th ampe k ch 1A, cc vn k ch cng gi tr 60V
nhng uAM v uMB lch pha nhau /2.
Xc nh cc phn t trong X v Y?
Cu 46. X, Y ch cha 1 phn t R,L,C.t vo hai u A,B mt hiu in th xoay chiu
200 os(100 )( )
AB
u c t V , cng dng in trong mch c biu thc
2 os(100 )( )
4
i c t A
. Bit ZX=2ZY cng sut tiu th trong mch l P=100W. Xc nh X,Y.

Cu 47. X, Y ch cha 1 phn t R,L,C.
Bit uAM vung pha vi uMB.
a) Xc nh cc phn t X, Y.
b) Tnh h s cng sut ca mch, bit UAM=150V; UMB=200V.
Cu 48.f=50Hz; UAM=100V; UAN=100
5
V; UMB=200
5
V;
UNB=400V v uAN tr pha hn uMB. Cho P=400W.
Xc nh X,Y,Z v tnh h s cng sut trong mch. Bit X,Y,Z ch cha 1 phn t.
Cu 49. Bit uAM nhanh pha /3 so vi cng dng in i;
uAN nhanh pha /6 so vi cng dng in i; uAB tr pha /3
so vi uAN; uEN nhanh pha hn so vi i.
Xc nh cc phn t X,Y,Z,W.
Cu 50. t vo hai u A,B mt hiu in th 200 2 os(100 )( )
AB
u c t V
th thy vn k ch 110
3
V v ampe k ch 0,55A. Dng in i qua mch
nhanh pha hn uAM mt gc /3 v nhanh pha hn uAB mt gc /6.
a) Tnh R v C.
b) Tnh UMB v cng sut tiu th trn on MB.
c) Cho X cha 2 trong 3 phn t R,L,C. Xc nh X.
Cu 51. t vo hai u on mch mt hiu in th xoay chiu c biu thc
2 os( )( )
AB
u U c t V
Khi K ng: UR=200V; UC=150V. Khi K ngt: UAM=150V; UMB=200V.
a) Xc nh X l nhng phn t g?
b) Tnh h s cng sut mch khi K ngt.
Cu 52. Bit uAB cng pha vi uMB. Xc nh cc phn t X,Y,Z,W
trong cc trng hp sau:
a) uAE lch pha so vi uEM mt gc /2 v uAB nhanh pha so vi i.
Nguyn nh Khang
86
X
A
B C
X
A B
L
V
2
Y
A
B
X
M
A
V
1
A
X Y
B
C
R
X
A
B
Y
R
M
A
X Y
B
Z
M N
A
X Y
B
Z
E M
W
N
A
A
R
C
X
B
V
M
A
R
C
X
B
M
K
A
X Y
B
Z
E M
W
N
b) uAE lch pha so vi uAM mt gc /2 v uAB tr pha so vi i.
DNG 10. BI TON MY PHT IN XOAY CHIU MT PHA BA PHA
I. Phng php
1. Tn s do my pht in pht ra:
. f n p
. Trong : p l s cp cc ca my pht in.
n l tc quay ca rto ( vng/giy)
f l tn s dng in do my pht ra.
2. T thng qua phn ng:
0
. . . . N B S cos t N cos t

0
BS
: t thng cc i qua mt vng dy.
3. Sut in ng tc thi qua phn ng:
0 0
.sin sin sin e NBS t N t E t
;
trong
0
E NBS
c gi l sut in ng cc i.
4. Quan h gia in p dy v in p pha ca my pht in ba pha.
+ Mc hnh sao: 3. ;
d p d p
U U I I .
+ Mc hnh tam gic: ; 3.
d p d p
U U I I .
5. Hiu sut ca ng c in.
.
.
c i co
t p dien
P P
H
P P

6. t cm ca ng dy:
2
7
4 .10 .
N
L S
l
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Mt my in gm phn cm c 12 cp cc quay vi tc 300 vng / pht. T thng cc i qua cc
cund y lc i ngang qua u cc l 0,2 Wb v mi cun dy c 5 vng. Tm:
a) Tn s dng in pht ra.
b) Biu thc sut in ng xut hin phn ng. Sut in ng hiu dng.
/S: a) f = 60Hz; b)
9034 120 ( ); 6407 e cos t V E V
B i 2 : Mt my dao in c rto 4 cc quay u vi tc 25 vng / pht. Stato l phn ng gm 100 vng
dy dn din tch 6.10
-2
m
2
. Cm ng t B = 5.10
-2
T.
1. Vit biu thc sut in ng cm ng v tnh sut in ng hiu dng ca my pht.
2. Hai cc ca my pht c ni vi in tr thun R, nhng vo trong 1kg nc. Nhit ca nc sau
mi pht tng thm 1,9
0
. Tnh R (Tng tr ca phn ng ca my dao in c b qua). Nhit dung ring
ca nc l 4186 J/kg..
/S: 1.
94, 2 100 ( ); 66, 6 e cos t V E V
; 2.
33, 5 R
B i 3 : Mt my dao in c sut in ng hiu dng E = 100V, tn s f = 50Hz c hai cc ni vi cun dy
c t cm L =
3
10
H
, c qun bng l = 10m dy Ni-Cr c in tr sut

6 2
1 0 . ; 0 , 2 5 m S m m

. Dng in
qua cun dy trong thi gian t = 35 pht v ton b nhit lng to ra dng cung cp cho khi lng m =
1kg nc ang nhit
0
1
20 C . Nhit dung ring ca nc l c = 4200J/kg..
1. Tnh nhit sau cng
2
ca khi nc. Gi s tng tr ca my dao in khng ng k.

Nguyn nh Khang
87
2. My gm khung hnh ch nht din tch S
k
= 0,04m
2
, gm N = 500 vng dy quay u trong t trng u
B
ur
, vung gc vi trc quay. Tm B.
/S: 1.
0
2
100 C ; 2. B = 0,023 T
B i 4 : Mt my pht in ba pha c tn s f= 50Hz.
1. Cun dy phn ng mc hnh sao. Bit in p gia mi dy pha v dy trung ho l U
P
= 220V. Tm in
p gia mi dy pha vi nhau.
2. Ta mc mi ti vo mi pha ca mng in: Ti Z
1
( R, L ni tip) mc vo pha 1; ti Z
2
( R, C ni tip)
mc vo pha 2, ti Z
3
( RLC ni tip) mc vo pha 3. Cho
2
6 ; 2, 55.10 ; 306 R l H C F
. Tm:
a) I
1
= ? I
2
= ? I
3
= ? b) P
1
= ? P
2
= ? P
3
= ? v P =?
DNG 11. BI TON MY BIN P
I. Phng php
+ Sut in ng trong cun s cp:
1 1
. e N
t
+ Sut in ng trong cun th cp:

2 2
. e N
t

1 1
2 2
e N
e N
(1)
Trong e
1
c coi nh ngun thu: e
1
= u
1
i
1
.r
1
e
2
c coi nh ngun pht: e
2
= u
2
+ i
2
.r
2

1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
.
.
e u i r N
e u i r N

+
(2)
Khi
1 2
0 r r
th ta c:
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
e E U N
k
e E U N

(3)
- Nu k > 1
U
1
> U
2

my h p
- Nu k < 1
U
1
< U
2

my tng p
+ Cng sut ca my bin th: - Cng sut ca cun s cp: P
1
= U
1
I
1
cos
1
- Cng sut ca cun th cp: P

2
= U
2
I
2
cos
2
+ Hiu sut ca my bin th:

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
U I cos
H
U I cos

+ Nu b qua hao ph tiu th in nng tc
1 2
cos cos
v H = 1 th ta c:
1 2 1 1
2 1 2 2
U I N E
U I N E

II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Cun s cp ca mt my bin p c ni vi mng in xoay chiu c in p 380V. Cun th cp
c dng in 1,5A chy qua v c in p gia hai u dy l 12V. Bit s vng dy ca cun th cp l 30.
Tm s vng dy ca cun s cp v cng dng in chy qua n. B qua hao ph in nng trong my.
/S: N
1
= 950 vng; I
1
= 0,047A
B i 2 : Mt my bin p c cun s cp gm 300 vng dy, cun th cp gm 1500 vng dy. Cun dy s
cp c ni vi mng in xoay chiu c in p 120 V.
1) Tm in p hai u cun th cp.
2) B qua tn hao in nng trong my, cun s cp c dng in 2 A chy qua. Tm dng in chy trn
cun th cp.
/S: 1) U
2
= 600 V; 2) I
2
= 0,4 A
B i 3 : Mt my bin p l tng c hai cun dy ln lt c s vng l 20000 vng v 100 vng.
a) Mun tng p th cun no l s cp? Nu t vo cun s cp in p hiu dng 220 th in p hiu
dng cun th cp bng bao nhiu?
Nguyn nh Khang
88
b) Cun no c tit din dy ln hn?
B i 4 : Mt my bin p cung cp mt dng in 30 A di hiu in th hiu dng 220 V. in p hiu
dng cun s cp l 5 kV.
a) Tnh cng sut tiu th ca vo v ra ca my bin p.
b) Tnh cng hiu dng cun s cp. (Coi my bin p l l tng)
B i 5 : Mt my bin p gm cun s cp 300 vng, cun th cp 1500 vng. Mc cun s cp vo mt hiu
in th xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 120 V.
a) Tm in p hiu dng cun th cp.
b) Cho hiu sut ca my bin p l 1 (khng hao ph nng lng). Tnh cng hiu dng cun s cp,
nu cng hiu dng cun th cp l 2 A.
DNG 12. BI TON TRUYN TI IN NNG
I. Phng php
+ Gi s in p v cng
dng in lun lun cng pha. Tc
l
1 cos
.
+ Cng sut hao ph trn ng dy
l: P = I
2
.R =
2
2
.
P
R
U
.
trong R l in tr ca dy dn.
P l cng sut nh my pht in (P = P
A
); U hiu sut hai u dy (U = U
A
).
+ gim th trn ng dy l: U = U
A
U
B
= U U
B
= I.R
+ Hiu sut ti in:
B A
A A
P P P P P
H
P P P

II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Mt trm pht in truyn i vi cng sut 50 kW, in tr ca dy dn l 4.
1. Tnh gim th, cng sut hao ph trn dy dn v hiu sut ti in, bit rng hiu in th trm
pht l 500 V.
2. Nu ni hai cc ca trm pht in vi mt my p c h s cng sut k = 0,1 (k = U
1
/U
2
) th cng
sut hao ph trn ng dy v hiu sut ca s ti in by gi bng bao nhiu? B qua s hao ph
nng lng trong my bin p. Gi s in p v dng in lun lun cng pha.
/S: 1. U = 400 V, H = 20 %; 2. P = 400 W, H = 99,2 %.
B i 2 : Hai thnh ph A v B cch nhau 100 km. in nng c ti t mt bin th A ti mt bin th B
bng hai dy ng tit din trn, ng knh d = 1 cm. Cng dng in trn dy ti l I = 50 A, cng
sut tiu th in tiu hao trn ng dy bng 5 % cng sut tiu th B v in p hiu dng cun th
cp h th B l U = 200 V. Tnh:
1. Cng sut tiu th in B.
2. T s bin th ca ci h p B.
3. in p hai u cun th cp ca ci tng p A.
Cho in tr sut ca dy ng l
8
1, 6.10 m

. Dng in v in p lun lun cng pha, hao ph
bin p l khng ng k.
/S: 1. 2.10
6
W, 2. 200, 3. 42000 V
B i 3 : Mt my bin p c s vng ca cun s cp v th cp l 6250 vng v 1250 vng. Hiu sut ca
my bin p l 96 %. My nhn cng sut 10 kW cun s cp.
1. Tnh hiu in th hai u cun th cp, bit hiu in th hai u cun s cp l 1000 V (cho
bit hiu sut khng nh hng n in p).
2. Tnh cng sut nhn c cun th cp v cng hiu dng trong mch th cp. Bit h s cng
sut mch th cp l 0,8.
3. Bit h s t cm tng cng mch th cp l 0,2 H. Tm in tr ca mch th cp. Tn s dng
in l 50 Hz.
Nguyn nh Khang
89
Nh
my
pht
in
Ni
tiu
th
in
A B
'
A
U
B
U
I
B i 4 : Mt my pht in c cng sut 100 kW. in p hiu dng hai cc my pht l 1 kV. truyn
n ni tiu th ngi ta dng mt ng dy ti in c in tr tng cng l 6 .
1. Tnh hiu sut ca s ti in ny.
2. Tnh in p hiu dng hai u dy ni tiu th.
3. tng hiu sut ti in, ngi ta dng mt my bin p t ni my pht c t s gia vng dy
cun s cp v th cp l 10. Tnh cng sut hao ph trn dy v hiu sut ti in lc ny. B qua hao ph
trong my bin p.
4. ni tiu th cn dng in c in p hiu dng 200 V th phi dng mt bin p c t s vng gia
hai cun dy s cp v th cp l bng bao nhiu?
TRCH THI TH I HC VINH 2011
( DNG IN XOAY CHIU )
LN 1
Cu 1: t vo hai u on mch RLC ni tip hiu in th xoay chiu
, 2 cos
0
ft U u
c
f
thay i
c. Vi
1
f f th i tr pha hn
. u
T ,
1
f tng
f
mt cch lin tc th thy i cng lun tr pha hn
. u

Gi tr hiu dng ca dng in trong mch
A. gim dn. B. gim ri tng. C. tng dn. D. tng ri gim.
Cu 2: t vo hai u on mch xoay chiu RLC ni tip mt hiu in th xoay chiu v mch khng xy
ra cng hng, hiu in th hiu dng t vo hai u on mch lun ln hn hiu in th hiu dng hai
u
A. cun dy. B. t in. C. in tr. D. in tr v cun dy.
Cu 9: t vo hai u on mch xoay chiu RLC ni tip hiu in th xoay chiu
) ( 100 cos 2 120 V t u th cng dng in trong mch ). )( 3 100 cos( 2 3 A t i in tr R ca
mch bng
A. . 3 20 B.
. 2 20
C. . 40 D. . 20
Cu 30: t mt hiu in th xoay chiu vo on mch PMQ ni tip theo th t PM cha R, C v MQ
cha hp en X. Khi c biu thc ca gi tr hiu dng
MQ PM PQ
U U U +
th ta lun c kt lun:
A. in p
PM
u v
X
u cng pha. B. X khng th cha y cc phn t RLC mc
ni tip.
C. tng tr on mch RC bng tng tr hp X. D. cng sut on mch RC bng cng sut hp
X.
Cu 32: in p hai u on mch RLC ni tip l
). )( 100 cos( 200 V t u
Cho C thay i, c
hai gi tr ca C: ) )( 6 ( 10
3
F
v ) ( 10
4
F
th cng dng in hiu dng trong mch u

bng 5A. Cng sut ca on mch trong hai trng hp l
A. . 500W B. . 1000W C. . 2000W D. . 800W
Cu 37: t vo hai u on mch xoay chiu ni tip theo th t RLC mt hiu in th xoay chiu th
hiu in th hai u on mch vung pha vi hiu in th hai u on mch cha RL, on mch lc
A. c u sm pha hn i. B. xy ra cng hng.
C. c hiu in th hiu dng hai u t C t cc i. D. c cng sut ta nhit trn R cc i.
Cu 41: Trong mch in xoay chiu ni tip RLC, ang c gi tr hiu dng
R
U t cc i v bng
, 220V

t nu gim C i hai ln th hiu in th hiu dng hai u RL lc ny l
A. . 220V B. . 110V C. . 55V D. . 165V
Nguyn nh Khang
90
Cu 46: Cng dng in tc thi qua mch xoay chiu RLC ni tip l
) cos(
0
t I i
khi t vo hai
u on mch mt in p xoay chiu
). cos(
0
+ t U u
Cng sut tc thi ca on mch c xc
nh theo cng thc:
A.
[ ]. ) 2 cos( cos
0 0
+ + t I U p
B.
. cos 5 , 0
0 0
I U p
C.
[ ]. ) 2 cos( cos 5 , 0
0 0
+ + t I U p
D.
. cos
0 0
I U p
LN 2
Cu 11: Mt n ng mc trong mch in xoay chiu c in p
(V) 100 cos
0
t U u
. n ch sng khi
in p 2 cc ca n c ln khng nh hn U
0
/2, th nhn xt no sau y l khng ng?
A. Mi ln n tt ko di 1/150(s) B. Mi ln n tt ko di 1/300(s)
C. Trong 1s c 100 ln n tt D. Mt chu k c 2 ln n tt
Cu 22: Mt t in c dung khng 20cn ghp ni tip vi cc linh kin no di y dng in tr
pha 4 / so vi in p 2 u on mch xoay chiu?
A. Mt cun dy thun cm c cm khng 20. B. Mt in tr R = 20
C. Mt cun dy c cm khng 30 v c in tr thun 10. D. Mt cun dy c cm khng 40.
Cu 24: t mt hiu in th u = ) ( cos 2 120 V t vo hai u on mch ni tip gm in tr R, cun dy c in tr
thun r = 0,5R v mt t in c in dung thay i, th thy gi tr cc tiu ca hiu in th hiu dng hai u on mch
c cun dy ni tip vi t C l
A. 60
2
V B. 40
2
V C. 60V D. 40V
Cu 25: Hai cun dy mc ni tip trong mt mch in xoay chiu, in p trn chng c cng gi tr hiu
dng nhng lch pha nhau l 3 / . Cun 1 c in tr thun r
1
ln gp 3 ln

cm khng
1
L
Z
ca n th
cun 2 c
A.
1 2
5 , 0 ; 2
1 2
r r Z Z
L L

B.
1 2
;
1 2
r r Z Z
L L

C.
2
3
2
r Z
L
D.
0 ; 2
2
1 2
r Z Z
L L
Cu 27: t mt in p
) ( cos
0
V t U u
vo hai u mt cun dy thun cm c L =
) ( / 5 , 0 H
th thy
thi im m in p u c ln 32V; 24V th cng dng in i c ln tng ng l 1,2A; 1,6A. U
0
v
c gi tr bng
A.
) / ( 60 ; 30
0
s rad V U
B. ) / ( 80 ; 2 30
0
s rad V U
C.
) / ( 40 ; 40
0
s rad V U
D. ) / ( 50 ; 2 40
0
s rad V U
Cu 28: Trong mch in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip, cun dy thun cm c hiu in th hiu dng U
R
= 120V;
U
L
= 50V; U
C
= 100V th h s cng sut ca mch l
A. 2 2 B. 0,85 C. 2 3 D. 0,92
Cu 32: Trong mch in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip th hiu in th hiu dng 2 u on mch lun
khng b hn hiu in th hiu dng 2 u
A. cun cm L B. on mch R ni tip C C. in tr R D. t in C
Cu 35: Mt on mch in xoay chiu c t in C ni tip vi cun dy. K hiu in p hiu dng 2 u
on mch, 2 bn cc t in v 2 u cun dy ln lt l U; U
C
; U
d
. Nu U = U
C
= U
d
, th cun dy c
A. in tr khng ng k, trong mch xy ra cng hng. B. in tr khng ng k
C. in tr ng k v trong mch khng xy ra cng hng. D. in tr ng k v trong mch xy ra
cng hng
Nguyn nh Khang
91
Cu 40: Trong mch in xoay chiu RCL mc ni tip, c in p u
RC
ca

on mch R ni tip C vung
pha vi in p u ton mch, cun dy thun cm, th ta c
A.
L L C
Z Z R Z / ) (
2 2
+ B.
2 2 2 2
L C
Z R Z Z
C.
C C L
Z Z R Z / ) (
2 2
+ D.
2 2 2 2
L C
Z R Z Z + +
LN 3
Cu 5: Cho mch in xoay chiu AB gm hai on AM v MB mc ni tip, on AM gm bin tr R v
t in c in dung C = / 100 (
F
), on MB ch c cun cm thun c t cm L thay i c. t
vo hai u on mch AB mt in p xoay chiu n nh
t 100 cos 2 U u
(V). Khi thay i t cm
ta thy in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AM lun khng i vi mi gi tr ca bin tr R. t
cm c gi tr bng
A.
3
H. B.
2
H. C.
2
1
H. D.
1
H.
Cu 10: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip, cun dy thun cm. Bit L = CR
2
. t vo hai u
on mch in p xoay chiu n nh, mch c cng h s cng sut vi hai gi tr ca tn s gc
) s / rad ( 50
1
v ) s / rad ( 200
2
. H s cng sut ca on mch bng
A.
2
13
. B.
2
1
. C.
2
1
. D.
12
3
.
Cu 13: Cho mch in xoay chiu AB gm R, L, C mc ni tip. Cun cm thun c t cm thay i
c. t vo hai u on mch AB mt in p xoay chiu n nh ) V ( ) t 100 cos( 6 100 u . iu chnh
t cm in p hiu dng hai u cun cm t gi tr cc i l
max L
U
th in p hiu dng hai u t
in l 200 V. Gi tr
max L
U
l
A. 100 V. B. 150 V. C. 300 V. D. 250 V.
Cu 14: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip, R l bin tr. t vo hai u on mch mt in p
xoay chiu n nh
t cos 2 U u
(V). Khi thay i gi tr ca bin tr ta thy c hai gi tr R = R
1
= 45
hoc R = R
2
= 80 th tiu th cng cng sut P. H s cng sut ca on mch in ng vi hai tr ca
bin tr R
1
, R
2
l
A. 5 , 0 cos
1
; 0 , 1 cos
2
. B. 5 , 0 cos
1
; 8 , 0 cos
2
.
C. 8 , 0 cos
1
; 6 , 0 cos
2
. D. 6 , 0 cos
1
; 8 , 0 cos
2
.
Cu 23: Cho mch in xoay chiu AB gm hai on AN v NB mc ni tip, on AN ch c cun cm
thun L = 5/3
(H), on NB gm R = 3 100 v t in c in dung C thay i c. t vo hai u

on mch AB mt in p xoay chiu n nh
t 120 cos 2 U u
(V). in p hiu dng trn on mch
NB t cc i th in dung ca t in bng
A.
6 , 3
10
4
F. B.
8 , 1
10
4
F. C.
36
10
4
F. D.
2 , 7
10
3
F.
Cu 40: t in p
0
cos(100 / 6) u U t +
(V) vo hai u mt cun cm thun c t cm 2 / 1 (H).
thi im in p gia hai u cun cm thun l 150 (V) th cng dng in trong mch l 4 (A). Biu
thc ca cng dng in trong mch l
Nguyn nh Khang
92
A.
5cos(100 / 3) ( ) i t A
. B.
) A ( ) 3 / t 120 cos( 5 i
.
C.
) A ( ) 3 / t 100 cos( 2 i +
. D.
) A ( ) 6 / t 100 cos( 5 i
.
Cu 45: Cho mch in xoay chiu ch c t in. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu n
nh c biu thc ) V ( ) 3 / t 100 cos( 2 U u + . th ca in p tc thi hai u on mch theo cng
dng in tc thi trong mch c dng l
A. hnh sin. B. on thng. C. ng trn. D. elip.
Cu 50: Cho on mch xoay chiu AB gm hai on mch AN v NB mc ni tip. t vo hai u on
mch AB mt in p xoay chiu n nh ) V ( ) 3 / t 100 cos( 2 200 u
AB
+ , khi in p tc thi gia
hai u on mch NB l ) V ( ) 6 / 5 t 100 sin( 2 50 u
NB
+ . Biu thc in p tc thi gia hai u on
mch AN l
A. ) V ( ) 3 / t 100 sin( 2 150 u
AN
+ . B. ) V ( ) 3 / t 120 cos( 2 150 u
AN
+ .
C. ) V ( ) 3 / t 100 cos( 2 150 u
AN
+ . D. ) V ( ) 3 / t 100 cos( 2 250 u
AN
+ .
LN 4
Cu 17: Cho on mch RLC, t vo on mch in p xoay chiu 2 cos100 ( ) u U t V . Khi gi tr hiu
dng U = 100 V, th cng dng in trong mch tr pha hn in p l / 3 v cng sut ta nhit ca on
mch l
50W
. Khi in p hiu dng 100 3 U V , cng dng in hiu dng khng i th cn ghp
ni tip vi on mch trn in tr
0
R
c gi tr:
A.
50
. B.
100
. C.
200
. D.
73, 2
.
Cu 31: t in p xoay chiu 2 cos(100 ) u U t V vo on mch RLC. Bit 100 2 R , t in c in
dung thay i c. Khi in dung t in ln lt l
1
25/ ( ) C F
v
2
125/ 3 ( ) C F
th in p hiu dng
trn t c cng gi tr. in p hiu dng trn in tr R t cc i th gi tr ca C l
A.
100/ 3 ( ) C F
. B.
50/ ( ) C F
. C.
20/ ( ) C F
. D.
200/ 3 ( ) C F
.
Cu 39: Cho ba linh kin: in tr thun
60 R
, cun cm thun L v t in C. Ln lt t in p xoay
chiu c gi tr hiu dng U vo hai u on mch ni tip RL hoc RC th biu thc cng dng in trong
mch ln lt l
1
2 cos(100 /12)( ) i t A v
2
2 cos(100 7 /12)( ) i t A + . Nu t in p trn vo hai u
on mch RLC ni tip th dng in trong mch c biu thc:
A. 2 2 cos(100 / 3) ( ) i t A + B.
2cos(100 / 3)( ) i t A +
C. 2 2 cos(100 / 4) ( ) i t A + D.
2cos(100 / 4) ( ) i t A +
Cu 42: t in p xoay chiu
0
cos100 ( ) u U t V
vo mch in gm cun dy, t in C v in tr R. Bit
in p hiu dng ca t in C, in tr R l
80
C R
U U V
, dng in sm pha hn in p ca mch l / 6
v tr pha hn in p cun dy l / 3 . in p hiu dng ca on mch c gi tr:
A.
117,1 U V
. B.
160 U V
. C.
109, 3 U V
. D. 80 2 U V .
Nguyn nh Khang
93
TRCH THI TT NGHIP 2007 2011
( DNG IN XOAY CHIU )
Nm 2007
Nguyn nh Khang
94
Nm 2008
Nguyn nh Khang
95
Nm 2009
Nguyn nh Khang
96
Nm 2010
Nguyn nh Khang
97
Nm 2011
Cu 1: Rto ca my pht in xoay chiu mt pha l nam chm c bn cp cc (4 cc nam v cc bc).
Khi rto quay vi tc 900 vng/pht th sut in ng do my to ra c tn s l
A. 60 Hz. B. 100 Hz. C. 120 Hz. D. 50 Hz.
Cu 9: t in p xoay chiu u = 200 2 cos100 ( ) t V vo hai u mt on mch AB gm in tr thun
100, cun cm thun v t in mc ni tip. Khi , in p hai u t in l
100 2 cos(100 )
2
c
u t

(V). Cng sut tiu th ca on mch AB bng
A. 200 W. B. 100 W. C. 400 W. D. 300 W.
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y l sai khi ni v on mch in xoay chiu ch c t in?
A. H s cng sut ca on mch bng khng.
B. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l khc khng.
C. Tn s gc ca dng in cng ln th dung khng ca on mch cng nh.
D. in p gia hai bn t in tr pha
2
so vi cng dng in qua on mch.

Nguyn nh Khang
98
0
cos100 u U t
(V) vo hai u on mch AB mc ni tip gm in tr
thun 100, t in c in dung
4
10
F v cun cm thun c t cm thay i c. in p hai u

in tr tr pha
4
so vi in p hai u on mch AB th t cm ca cun cm bng

A.
1
5
H. B.
2
10
2
H. C.
1
2
H. D.
2
H.
Cu 20: Cun s cp v cun th cp ca mt my bin p l tng c s vng dy ln lt l N
1
v N
2
. Bit
N
1
= 10N
2
. t vo hai u cun s cp mt in p xoay chiu u = U
0
cost th in p hiu dng hai u
cun th cp h l
A.
0
20
U
. B.
0
2
20
U
. C.
0
10
U
. D.
0
5 2U .
Cu 22 : t in p u =
0
U (100 t ) (V)
6
vo hai u on mch c R, L, C mc ni tip th cng

dng in qua mch l i=
0
I cos(100 t ) (A)
6
+ . H s cng sut ca on mch bng :

A. 0,50 B.0,71 C.1,00 D.0,86
Cu 25 : Cng dng in chy qua mt on mch c biu thc i =
2cos100 t (A)
. Cng hiu dng
ca dng in ny l :
A. 2 A B. 2 2 A C.1A D.2A
Cu 34 : t in p u =
100cos100 t (V)
vo hai u mt cun cm thun c t cm
1
H
. Biu thc
cng dng in qua cun cm l:
A. i 2cos(100 t ) (A)
2
B. i 2 2 cos(100 t ) (A)
2

C. i 2 2 cos(100 t ) (A)
2
+ D. i 2cos(100 t ) (A)
2
+
TRCH THI TUYN SINH CAO NG IN XOAY CHIU
NM 2007
Nguyn nh Khang
99
NM 2008
Nguyn nh Khang
100
NM 2009
Nguyn nh Khang
101

NM 2010
Nguyn nh Khang
102
Cu 5: t in p xoay chiu u=U
0
cost vo hai u on mch ch c in tr thun. Gi U l in p
hiu dng gia hai u on mch; i, I
0
v I ln lt l gi tr tc thi, gi tr cc i v gi tr hiu dng ca
cng dng in trong on mch. H thc no sau y sai?
A.
0 0
0
U I
U I

. B.
0 0
2
U I
U I
+
. C. 0
u i
U I
. D.
2 2
2 2
0 0
1
u i
U I
+
.
Cu 9: t in p u=U
0
cost c thay i c vo hai u on mch gm cun cm thun c t cm
L, in tr thun R v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. Khi <
1
LC
th
A. in p hiu dung gia hai u in tr thun R bng in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch.
B. in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr thun R nh hn in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch.
C. cng dng in trong on mch tr pha so vi in p gia hai u on mch.
D. cng dng in trong on mch cng pha vi in p gia hai u on mch.
Cu 15: t in p u = U
0
cost vo hai u cun cm thun c t cm L. Ti thi im in p gia hai
u cun cm c ln cc i th cng dng in qua cun cm bng
A.
0
2
U
L
. B.
0
2
U
L
. C.
0
U
L
. D. 0.
Cu 18: t in p
220 2 cos100 u t
(V) vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB
mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun L, on MB ch c t in C.
Bit in p gia hai u on mch AM v in p gia hai u on mch MB c gi tr hiu dng bng
nhau nhng lch pha nhau
2
3
. in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AM bng

A.
220 2
V. B.
220
3
V. C. 220 V. D. 110 V.
Cu 30: t in p u = 200cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch gm mt bin tr R mc ni tip vi mt
cun cm thun c t cm
1
H. iu chnh bin tr cng sut ta nhit trn bin tr t cc i, khi

cng dng in hiu dng trong on mch bng
A. 1 A. B. 2 A. C.
2
A. D.
2
2
A.
Cu 38: t in ap xoay chiu vao hai u oan mach gm in tr thun 40 va tu in mc n i tip. Bi t
in ap gia hai u oa n mach lch pha
3
so vi c ng dong in trong oa n mach. Dung khang cua tu

in bng
A. 40 3 B.
40 3
3
C. 40 D. 20 3
Cu 42: t in p
0
u U cos(wt ) (V)
6
+ vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R v cun cm

thun c t cm L mc ni tip th cng dng in qua on mch l
0
5
i I sin(wt ) (A)
12
+ . T s
in tr thun R v cm khng ca cun cm l
A.
1
2
. B. 1. C.
3
2
. D. 3 .
Cu 46: t in p
0
u U cos wt
vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R v t in C mc ni tip.
Bit in p gia hai u in tr thun v in p gia hai bn t in c gi tr hiu dng bng nhau. Pht
biu no sau y l sai ?
Nguyn nh Khang
103
A. Cng dng in qua mch tr pha
4
so vi in p gia hai u on mch.

B. in p gia hai u in tr thun sm pha
4

C. Cng dng in qua mch sm pha
4

D. in p gia hai u in tr thun tr pha
4

Cu 58: t in p u =
U 2 cos t
(V) vo hai u on mch gm cun cm thun mc ni tip vi mt
bin tr R. ng vi hai gi tr R
1
= 20 v R
2
= 80 ca bin tr th cng sut tiu th trong on mch u
bng 400 W. Gi tr ca U l
A. 400 V. B. 200 V. C. 100 V. D.
100 2
V.
NM 2011
Cu 11: Khi ni v h s cng sut
os c
ca on mch xoay chiu, pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Vi on mch ch c t in hoc ch c cun cm thun th
os =0 c
B. Vi on mch c in tr thun th
os 1 c
C. Vi on mch c R, L, C mc ni tip ang xy ra cng hng th
os =0 c
D. Vi on mch gm t in v in tr thun mc ni tip th
0 os 1 c < <
Cu 14: t in p u = U
0
cos
t
( U
0
v
khng i) vo hai u on mch xoay chiu ni tip gm in

tr thun, cun cm thun v t in c in dung iu chnh c. Khi dung khng l 100 th cng sut
tiu th ca on mch t cc i l 100W. Khi dung khng l 200 th in p hiu dng gia hai u t
in l 100
2
V. Gi tr ca in tr thun l:
A. 100 B. 150 C. 160 D. 120
Cu 15: t in p u = 220
2
cos100 t (V) vo hai u on mch gm mt bng n dy tc loi 110V
50W mc ni tip vi mt t in c in dung C thay i c. iu chnh C n sng bnh thng.
lch pha gia cng dng in v in p hai u on mch lc ny l:
A.
2
B.
3
C.
6
D.
4
Cu 19: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm mt t in v mt cun cm thun mc ni tip. lch pha

gia in p hai u t in v in p hai u on mch bng
A.
2
. B.
2
. C. 0 hoc . D.
6
hoc
6
.
Cu 21. t in p
150 2 os100 u c t
(V) vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun, cun cm thun v
t in mc ni tip th in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr thun l 150 V. H s cng sut ca mch l
A.
3
2
. B. 1. C.
1
2
. D.
3
3
.
Cu 36: t in p xoay chiu ca u =
0
os2 U c ft (
0
U khng i, f thay i c) vo hai u on mch ch c
t in. Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. in p gia hai u on mch sm pha
2
so vi cng dng in trong on mch.

B. Cng dng in hiu dng trong on mch cng ln khi tn s f cng ln.
Nguyn nh Khang
104
C. Dung khng ca t in cng ln th f cng ln.
D. Cng dng in hiu dng trong on mch khng i khi tn s f thay i.
Cu 41: Cho dng in xoay chiu c tn s 50 Hz chy qua mt on mch. Khong thi gian gia hai ln
lin tip cng dng in ny bng 0 l
A.
1
100
s. B.
1
200
s. C.
1
50
s. D.
1
25
s.
TRCH THI TUYN SINH I HC
PHN IN XOAY CHIU
Nguyn nh Khang
105
I HC 2007
Cu 1: Trong mt on mch in xoay chiu ch c t in th hiu in th hai u on mch
A. sm pha /2 so vi cng dng in. B. tr pha /4 so vi cng dng in.
C. tr pha /2 so vi cng dng in. D. sm pha /4 so vi cng dng in.
Cu 14: t hiu in th u = U0sint (U0 v khng i) vo hai u on mch RLC khng phn nhnh.
Bit t cm L v in dung C c gi khng i. iu chnh tr s in tr R cng sut tiu th ca
on mch t cc i. Khi h s cng sut ca on mch bng
A. 0,5. B. 0,85. C.
2
2
D. 1.
Cu 19: Trong mt on mch in xoay chiu khng phn nhnh, cng dng in sm pha (vi 0 <
< 0,5) so vi hiu in th hai u on mch. on mch
A. gm in tr thun v t in. B. gm cun thun cm (cm thun) v t in.
C. ch c cun cm. D. gm in tr thun v cun thun cm (cm thun).
Cu 20: Dng in chy qua mt on mch c biu thc i = I0sin100t. Trong khong thi gian t 0 n
0,01s cng dng in tc thi c gi tr bng 0,5I0 vo nhng thi im
A. s s
400
2
va
400
1
B. s s
500
3
va
500
1
C. s s
300
2
va
300
1
D. s s
600
5
va
600
1
Cu 32: Mt my bin th c cun s cp 1000 vng dy c mc vo mng in xoay chiu c hiu in
th hiu dng 220V. Khi hiu in th hiu dng hai u cun th cp h l 484 V. B qua mi hao
ph ca my bin th. S vng dy ca cun th cp l
A. 1100. B. 2200. C. 2500. D. 2000.
Cu 34: t vo hai u on mch RLC khng phn nhnh mt hiu in th xoay chiu
t U u sin
0
th
dng in trong mch l
,
_
+
6
sin
0

t I i
. on mch in ny lun c
A. Z
L
= R. B. Z
L
< Z
C
. C. Z
L
= Z
C
. D. Z
L
> Z
C
.
Cu 35: t vo hai u on mch in RLC khng phn nhnh mt hiu in th xoay chiu c tn s 50
Hz. Bit in tr thun R = 25 , cun dy thun cm (cm thun) c L =
1
H. hiu in th hai u
on mch tr pha
4
so vi cng dng in th dung khng ca t in l

A. 100 . B. 150 . C. 125 . D. 75 .
Cu 36: t hiu in th u 100 2 sin100t (V) vo hai u on mch RLC khng phn nhnh vi C, R
c ln khng i v H L
1
. Khi hiu in th hiu dng hai u mi phn t R, L v C c ln
nh nhau. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l
A. 350 W. B. 100 W. C. 200 W. D. 250 W.
Cu 37: t hiu in th u = U0sint (U0 khng i) vo hai u on mch RLC khng phn nhnh. Bit
in tr thun ca mch khng i. Khi c hin tng cng hng in trong on mch, pht biu no sau
y sai?
A. Hiu in th hiu dng hai u in tr R nh hn hiu in th hiu dng hai u on mch.
B. Cng hiu dng ca dng in trong mch t gi tr ln nht.
C. Hiu in th tc thi hai u on mch cng pha vi hiu in th tc thi hai u in tr R.
D. Cm khng v dung khng ca on mch bng nhau.
I HC 2008
Nguyn nh Khang
106
Cu 8: Cho on mch in xoay chiu gm cun dy mc ni tip vi t in. lch pha ca hiu in
th gia hai u cun dy so vi cng dng in trong mch l
3
. Hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u

t in bng 3 ln hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u cun dy. lch pha ca hiu in th gia hai
u cun dy so vi hiu in th gia hai u on mch trn l
A. 0. B.
2
. C.
3
. D.
2
3
.
Cu 11: Cho on mch in xoay chiu gm cun dy c in tr thun R, mc ni tip vi t in. Bit
hiu in th gia hai u cun dy lch pha
2
so vi hiu in th gia hai u on mch. Mi lin h

gia in tr thun R vi cm khng Z
L
ca cun dy v dung khng Z
C
ca t in l
A. R
2
= Z
C
(Z
L
Z
C
). B. R
2
= Z
C
(Z
C
Z
L
). C. R
2
= Z
L
(Z
C
Z
L
). D. R
2
= Z
L
(Z
L
Z
C
).
Cu 18: t vo hai u on mch in RLC khng phn nhnh mt hiu in th
u 220 2 cos t
2
_

,
(V) th cng dng in qua on mch c biu thc l
i 2 2 cos t
4
_

,
(A). Cng sut tiu th ca
on mch ny l
A. 440W. B.
220 2
W. C.
440 2
W. D. 220W.
Cu 19: on mch in xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm cun dy c t cm L, in tr thun R v t
in c in dung C. Khi dng in c tn s gc
1
LC
chy qua on mch th h s cng sut ca on
mch ny
A. ph thuc in tr thun ca on mch. B. bng 0.
C. ph thuc tng tr ca on mch. D. bng 1.
Cu 23: Nu trong mt on mch in xoay chiu khng phn nhnh, cng dng in tr pha so vi
hiu in th gia hai u on mch, th on mch ny gm
A. t in v bin tr.B. cun dy thun cm v t in vi cm khng nh hn dung khng.
C. in tr thun v t in. D. in tr thun v cun cm.
Cu 31: Cho on mch gm in tr thun R ni tip vi t in c in dung C. Khi dng in xoay chiu
c tn s gc chy qua th tng tr ca on mch l
A.
2
2
1
R .
C
_
+

,
B.
2
2
1
R .
C
_
,
C.
( )
2
2
R C . + D.
( )
2
2
R C .
Cu 40: on mch in xoay chiu gm bin tr R, cun dy thun cm c t cm L v t in c in
dung C mc ni tip. Bit hiu in th hiu dng hai u on mch l U, cm khng Z
L
, dung khng Z
C
(vi Z
C
Z
L
) v tn s dng in trong mch khng i. Thay i R n gi tr R
0
th cng sut tiu th ca
on mch t gi tr cc i P
m
, khi
A. R
0
= Z
L
+ Z
C
. B.
2
m
0
U
P .
R
C.
2
L
m
C
Z
P .
Z
D.
0 L C
R Z Z
I HC 2009
Nguyn nh Khang
107
Cu 8: t in p u = U0cos t vo hai u on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, t in v cun
cm thun c t cm L thay i c. Bit dung khng ca t in bng R 3 . iu chnh L in p
hiu dng gia hai u cun cm t cc i, khi
A. in p gia hai u in tr lch pha
6

B. in p gia hai u t in lch pha
6

C. trong mch c cng hng in.
D. in p gia hai u cun cm lch pha
6

Cu 11: t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U vo hai u on mch AB gm cun
cm thun c t cm L, in tr thun R v t in c in dung C mc ni tip theo th t trn.
Gi UL, UR v UC_ln lt l cc in p hiu dng gia hai u mi phn t. Bit in p gia hai
u on mch AB lch pha
2
so vi in p gia hai u on mch NB (on mch NB gm R v C ). H

thc no di y l ng?
A.
2 2 2 2
R C L
U U U U + + . B.
2 2 2 2
C R L
U U U U + + . C.
2 2 2 2
L R C
U U U U + + D.
2 2 2 2
R C L
U U U U + +
Cu 14: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun, cun cm thun v t in mc ni
tip. Bit cm khng gp i dung khng. Dng vn k xoay chiu (in tr rt ln) o in p gia hai u
t in v in p gia hai u in tr th s ch ca vn k l nh nhau. lch pha ca in p gia hai
u on mch so vi cng dng in trong on mch l
A.
4
B.
6
C.
3
D.
3
Cu 15: t in p xoay chiu vo hai u on mch c R, L, C mc ni tip. Bit R = 10,

cun cm thun c L =
1
10
(H), t in c C =
3
10
2
(F) v in p gia hai u cun cm thun l

20 2 cos(100 ) ( )
2
L
u t V
+ . Biu thc in p gia hai u on mch l

A. 40cos(100 ) ( )
4
u t V
+ B. 40cos(100 ) ( )
4
u t V

C. 40 2 cos(100 ) ( )
4
u t V
+ D. 40 2 cos(100 ) ( )
4
u t V

Cu 21: Khi t hiu in th khng i 30V vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun mc ni
tip vi cun cm thun c t cm
1
4
(H) th dng in trong on mch l dng in mt
chiu c cng 1 A. Nu t vo hai u on mch ny in p u = 150
2
cos120 t (V) th
biu thc ca cng dng in trong on mch l
A. 5 2 cos(120 )
4
i t

(A). B. 5cos(120 )
4
i t

+ (A).
C. 5 2 cos(120 )
4
i t

+ (A). D. 5cos(120 )
4
i t

(A).
Cu 36: t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i vo hai u on mch gm bin tr R mc
ni tip vi t in. Dung khng ca t in l 100 . Khi iu chnh R th ti hai gi tr R1 v R2 cng sut
tiu th ca on mch nh nhau. Bit in p hiu dng gia hai u t in khi R=R1 bng hai ln in p
hiu dng gia hai u t in khi R = R2. Cc gi tr R1 v R2 l:
Nguyn nh Khang
108
A. R1 = 50, R2 = 100. B. R1 = 40, R2 = 250 .
C. R1 = 50, R2 = 200 . D. R1 = 25, R2 = 100 .
Cu 38: t in p xoay chiu u = U0cos t c U0 khng i v thay i c vo hai u on
mch c R, L, C mc ni tip. Thay i th cng dng in hiu dng trong mch khi = 1
bng cng dng in hiu dng trong mch khi = 2. H thc ng l:
A.
1 2
2
LC
+ B.
1 2
1
.
LC
. C.
1 2
2
LC
+
. D.
1 2
2
.
LC

.
Cu 45: t in p
0
cos(100 )( )
3
u U t V
vo hai u mt t in c in dung
4
2.10
( ) F
.
thi im in p gia hai u t in l 150 V th cng dng in trong mch l 4A. Biu
thc ca cng dng in trong mch l
A.
4 2 cos 100 ( )
6
i t A
_
+

,
. B.
5cos 100 ( )
6
i t A
_
+

,
C.
5cos 100 ( )
6
i t A
_

,
D.
4 2 cos 100 ( )
6
i t A
_

,
I HC 2010
Cu 17: t in p u = U
2
cost vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AN v NB mc ni tip.
on AN gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L, on NB ch c t in vi in
dung C. t
LC 2
1
1

. in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AN khng ph thuc vo R th tn
s gc bng
A.
2
1
B.
2 2
1
C. 2
1
D. 2
1
Cu 21: t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i vo hai u on mch gm bin tr

R mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C. Gi in p hiu dng gia hai u t in, gia hai u bin tr
v h s cng sut ca on mch khi bin tr c gi tr R
1
ln lt l U
C1
, U
R1
v cos
1
; khi bin tr c gi
tr R
2
th cc gi tr tng ng ni trn l U
C2
, U
R2
v cos
2
. Bit U
C1
= 2U
C2
, U
R2
= 2U
R1
. Gi tr ca cos
1
v
cos
2
l:
A. cos
1
=
5
1
; cos
2
=
3
1
. B. cos
1
=
3
1
; cos
2
=
5
2
.
C. cos
1
=
5
1
; cos
2
=
5
2
. D. cos
1
=
2 2
1
; cos
2
=
2
1
.
Cu 23: t in p xoay nhiu c gi tr hiu dng 200V v tn s khng i vo hai u A v B ca on
mch mc ni tip theo th t gm bin tr R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C
thay i. Gi N l im ni gia cun cm thun v t in. Cc gi tr R, L, C hu hn v khc khng. Vi
C = C
1
th in p hiu dng gia hai u bin tr R c gi tr khng i v khc khng khi thay i gi tr R
ca bin tr. Vi C =
2
1
C
th in p hiu dng gia A v N bng
A. 200
2
V B. 100 V C. 200 V D. 100
2
V
Cu 24: Ti thi im t, in p u = )
2
100 cos( 2 200

t (trong u tnh bng V, t tnh bng s) c gi tr
100
2
V v ang gim. Sau thi im s
300
1
, in p ny c gi tr l
A. -100
2
V B. -100 V C. 100 3 V D. 200 V
Nguyn nh Khang
109
Cu 27: Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch AM c in tr thun
50 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm
1
H, on mch MB ch c t in vi in dung thay
i c. t in p u = U
0
t 100 cos (V) vo hai u on mch AB. iu chnh in dung ca t in n
gi tr C
1
sao cho in p hai u on mch AB lch pha
2
so vi in p hai u on mch AM. Gi tr

ca C
1
bng
A. F
5
10 . 8

B. F
5
10
C. F
5
10 . 4

D. F
5
10 . 2

Cu 32: t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i, tn s 50Hz vo hai u on mch mc ni
tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C thay i c. iu
chnh C n gi tr F
4
10
4
hoc F
2
10
4
th cng sut tiu th trn on mch u c gi tr bng nhau. Gi
tr ca L bng
A.
3
1
H B.
2
1
H C.
3
H D.
2
H
Cu 37: t in p u = U
0
cost vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t
cm L v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. Gi i l cng dng in tc thi trong on mch; u
1
, u
2
,
u
3
ln lt l in p tc thi gia hai u in tr, gia hai u cun cm v gia hai u t in. H thc
ng l
A.
L
u
i
2
B.
R
u
i
1
C.
C u i
3
D.
2
)
1
(
2
C
L R
u
i
Cu 41: Trong gi hc thc hnh, hc sinh mc ni tip mt qut in xoay chiu vi in tr R ri mc hai
u on mch ny vo in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 380V. Bit qut in ny c cc gi tr nh
mc 220V-88W v khi hot ng ng cng sut nh mc th lch pha gia in p hai u qut v
cng dng in qua n l , vi cos = 0,8. qut in ny chy ng cng sut nh mc th R bng
A. 354 B. 361 C. 267 D. 180
Cu 46: t in p u = U
0
cost vo hai u cun cm thun c t cm L th cng dng in qua
cun cm l
A. )
2
cos(
0

+ t
L
U
i B.
)
2
cos(
2
0

+ t
L
U
i
C. )
2
cos(
0

t
L
U
i D.
)
2
cos(
2
0

t
L
U
i
I HC 2011
Cu 10: t in p
t cos 2 U u
vo hai u mt t in th cng dng in qua n c gi tr hiu dng l
I. Ti thi im t, in p hai u t in l u v cng dng in qua n l i. H thc lin h gia cc i lng
l
A. . 1
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
+ B. .
4
1
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
+ C. .
2
1
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
+ D. . 2
I
i
U
u
2
2
2
2
+
Cu 13: Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch AM gm in tr thun R1
mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C, on mch MB gm in tr thun R2 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c
t cm L. t in p xoay chiu c tn s v gi tr hiu dng khng i vo hai u on mch AB. Khi
on mch AB tiu th cng sut bng 120 W v c h s cng sut bng 1. Nu ni tt hai u t in th in p
Nguyn nh Khang
110
hai u on mch AM v MB c cng gi tr hiu dng nhng lch pha nhau
3
, cng sut tiu th trn on mch

AB trong trng hp ny bng
A. 75 W. B. 90 W. C. 160 W. D. 180 W.
Cu 24: Ln lt t cc in p xoay chiu ) t 120 cos( 2 U u
1 1
+ ; ) t 120 cos( 2 U u
2 1
+ v
) t 110 cos( 2 U u
3 3
+ vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t in
c in dung C mc ni tip th cng dng in trong on mch c biu thc tng ng l: t 100 cos 2 I i
1

; )
3
2
t 120 cos( 2 I i
2

+ v )
3
2
t 110 cos( 2 ' I i
3

. So snh I v ' I , ta c:
A. I > ' I . B. I < ' I . C. I = ' I . D.
2 ' I I
.
Cu 26: on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr thun R1 = 40 mc
ni tip vi t in c in dung C =
4
10
3
F, on mch MB gm in tr thun R2 mc vi cun thun cm. t
vo A, B in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i th in p tc thi hai u on mch AM v
MB ln lt l: ) V )(
12
7
t 100 cos( 2 50 u
AM

v ) ( 100 cos 150 V t u
MB
. H s cng sut ca on mch AB
l
A. 0,84. B. 0,71. C. 0,86. D. 0,95.
Cu 29: t in p
ft 2 cos 2 U u
(U khng i, tn s f thay i c) vo hai u on mch mc ni tip
gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C. Khi tn s l f 1 th cm khng v
dung khng ca on mch c gi tr ln lt l 6 v 8 . Khi tn s l f2 th h s cng sut ca on mch
bng 1. H thc lin h gia f1 v f2 l
A. . f
3
4
f
1 2
B.
. f
2
3
f
1 2

C.
. f
3
2
f
1 2

D. . f
4
3
f
1 2

Cu 35: t in p xoay chiu t cos U u
0
(U0 khng i v
thay i c) vo hai u on mch gm in

tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C mc ni tip, vi CR
2
< 2L. Khi
1
hoc
2
th in p hiu dng gia hai bn t in c cng mt gi tr. Khi
0
th in p hiu dng gia hai
bn t in t cc i. H thc lin h gia
1
,
2
v
0
l
A.
).
1 1
(
2
1 1
2
2
2
1
2
0

+
B. ). (
2
1
2 1 0
+ C. .
2 1 0
D. ). (
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
0
+
t 100 cos 2 U u
vo hai u on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, t
in c in dung C v cun cm thun c t cm L thay i c. iu chnh L in p hiu dng hai u
cun cm t gi tr cc i th thy gi tr cc i bng 100 V v in p hiu dng hai u t in bng 36 V.
Gi tr ca U l
A. 48 V. B. 136 V. C. 80 V. D. 64 V.
t 100 cos 2 U u
(U khng i, t tnh bng s) vo hai u on mch mc ni
tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm
5
1
H v t in c in dung C thay i c. iu chnh
in dung ca t in in p hiu dng gia hai bn t in t gi tr cc i. Gi tr cc i bng
3 U
.
in tr R bng
A.
2 20
. B.
2 10
. C. 10 . D. 20 .
Cu 52 : t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i ln lt vo hai u in tr
thun R, cun cm thun c t cm L, t in c in dung C th cng dng in hiu dng qua mch
tng ng l 0,25 A; 0,5 A; 0,2 A. Nu t in p xoay chiu ny vo hai u on mch gm ba phn t
trn mc ni tip th cng dng in hiu dng qua mch l
A. 0,2 A B. 0,3 A C. 0,15 A D. 0,05 A
Nguyn nh Khang
111
Phn 4. DAO NG V SNG IN T

DNG 1 TM CHU K - NNG LNG CA MCH DAO NG
I. Phng php
1. Chu k dao ng in (chu k dao ng ring): 2 T LC
2. Tn s dao ng ring:
1
2
f
LC
3. Nng lng ca mch dao ng:

+ Nng lng in trng:
2
2 0
1 1
( )
2 2
d
Q
W qu cos t
C
+
+ Nng lng t trng:
2 2 2 2
0
1 1
. . sin ( )
2 2
t
W Li L Q t +
+ Nng lng in t (nng lng trong mch dao ng): W = W
+ W
t
=
2
2 2 0
0 0
1 1
. .
2 2 2
Q
CU L I
C

* Ch : + Hin tng bin I
0
t gi tr cc i khi tn s
ca in p cng bc bng tn s dao

ng ring
0
ca mch dao ng gi l hin tng cng hng.

+ S ph thuc ca bin I
0
ca dao ng in xoay chiu i vo hiu
0

:
0 0 0
0
2 2
2 2
1
( )
( )
L C
U U U
I
Z
R Z Z
R L
C

+
+
. Tn s dao ng ring
0 0
1
2 f
LC

. Vy ta c:
0
2
2 2 2 2
0 2
( )
U
I
L
R
+
. Nu
0
>>
hoc
0
<<
th I
0
rt nh. lch pha gia dao ng in t
cng bc v in p cng bc l:
2 2
0
tan .( )
L C
Z Z L
R R

+ Khi xy ra cng hng trong mch dao ng (
0

), ta c:
0
0max
U
I
R
.
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Mt khung dao ng c cun dy c h s t cm L = 5 H v t in c in dung C = 5.10
-6
F. in
p cc i trn hai bn ca t in l 10 V. Hy tm:
1. Chu k dao ng in t trong khung.
2. Nng lng ca khung dao ng. /s: 1. 0,0314 s; 2. 2,5.10
-4
J
B i 2 : Mt khung dao ng gm in dung C = 1/ (mF) v cun dy thun cm c L = 1/ (H). in p cc
itn hai bn ca t in l 6 (V).
1. Tnh tn s dao ring ca khung.
2. Tnh nng lng ca khung dao ng. /s: 1. 500 Hz; 2. 5,73.10
-6
J
B i 3 : Cun cm ca mt mch dao ng c t cm 3mH. T in trong mch l t in xoay c in
dung c th bin thin t 12pF n 1200pF. Hi tn s dao ng ring ca mch c th thay i trong khong
no?
B i 4 : T in ca mt mch dao ng c in dung 4,5pF; cun cm c t cm 0,8mH; in tr ca
mch l 1.
1. Tm tn s dao ng ring ca mch.
Nguyn nh Khang
112
2. To ra trong mch mt in p cng bc c bin khng i 1mV v tn s f c th thay i
c. Hy tnh bin ca dao ng in t cng bc I
0
trong mch ng vi cc tn s ca in p
cng bc 1MHz; 2MHz; 3MHz v 4MHz.
3. Hy tm bin ca dao ng in t cng hng I
0Max
.
4. Hy v th biu din s ph thuc ca bin dao ng in t cng bc I
0
theo tn s f ca in
p cng bc trong khong bin thin ca f t 1MHz n 4MHz.
DNG 2 BC SNG IN T
I. Phng php
+ Bc sng in t:
. 2 . .
c
c T c LC
f

+ Ch : c = 3.10
8
m/s; f l tn s ca sng in t (Hz).
- T in xoay gm n bn, mi bn c tit din i din S, khong cch hai bn lin tip d:
C = (n-1).C
0
= (n-1).S/4.k.d
- Ghp t in ni tip:
1 2
1 1 1 1
...
n
C C C C
+ + +
; Ch : C < C
1
, C
2
, ....,C
n
- Ghp t song song: C = C
1
+ C
2
+...+ C
n
; Ch : C > C
1
, C
2
, ..., C
n
II. Bi tp
B i 1 : Mt khung dy gm c in dung C = 50 pF v cun dy c L = 5 mH. Hi khung dao ng ny c
th thu c sng in t c bc sng bng bao nhiu?
/s: 942m
B i 2 : Khung dao ng gm mt cun dy L v t in C thc hin dao ng in t t do. in tch cc i
trn mt bn l Q
0
= 10
-6
C v cng dng in cc i trong khung l I
0
= 10 A.
1. Tm bc sng ca dao ng t do trong khung.
2. Nu thay t in C bng t in C th bc sng ca khung dao ng tng ln 2 ln. Hi bc sng
ca khung l bao nhiu nu mc C song song vi C; C ni tip vi C.
/s: 1. 188,4m; 2. C song song C: 421,3m; C ni tip C: 168,5m
B i 3 : T in xoay c tt c 19 tm nhm c din tch i din S = 3,14 cm
2
, khong cch ca hai tm lin
tip l d = 1mm.
1. Tm in dung ca t in xoay. cho k = 9.10
9
Nm
2
/C
2
.
2. mc hai u t in xoay vi cun cm L = 5mH. Hi khung ny dao ng th c th thu c sng
in t c bc sng bng bao nhiu?
/s:1. C = 50pF; 2. 942 m
B i 4 : Mt mch dao ng chn sng ca mt my thu thanh gm mt cun dy c h s t cm
L = 17,6 H v mt t in c in dung C = 1000pF; cc dy ni v in dung khng ng k.
1. Mch dao ng ni trn c th bt c sng c tn s bao nhiu?
2. my nt c sng c di sng t 10m n 50m, ngi ta ghp thm mt t bin i vi t trn.
Hi t bin i phi ghp nh th no v c in dung trong khong no?
3. Khi , bt c bc sng 25m phi t t bin i v tr c in dung bng bao nhiu?
/s: 1. f = 1,2MHz, 250m ; 2. C ghp ni tip vi C,
1, 6 ' 41, 6 pF C pF < <
; 3. C = 10pF
B i 5 : Khi khung dao ng dng t in C
1
th tn s dao ng ring ca khung l 30 KHz, cn khi thay C
1
bng C
2
th tn s dao ng ring ca khung l 40KHz.
a. Hi tn s dao ng ring ca khung l bng bao nhiu khi C
2
c ni song song vi C
1
?
b. Cn nu C
2
ni tip vi C
1
th tn s dao ng ring ca khung l bng bao nhiu?
/s: a. f = 24 KHz; b. f = 50 KHz
Dng 3
BI TON V TN S DAO NG RING
THU, PHT SNG IN T CA MCH DAO NG
Tn s gc, tn s v chu k dao ng ring ca mch LC:
Nguyn nh Khang
113
LC 2 T ;
LC 2
1
f ;
LC
1

Cn lu , C l in dung ca b t in.
+ Nu b t gm C
1
, C
2
, C
3
,... mc ni tip, in dung ca b t tnh bi
...
C
1
C
1
C
1
C
1
3 2 1
+ + +
, khi
...
3 C
1
C
1
C
1
L
2 T ; ...
3 C
1
C
1
C
1
L
1
2
1
f ; ...
3 C
1
C
1
C
1
L
1
2 1
2 1 2 1
+ + +

,
_
+ + +
,
_
+ + +
+ Nu b t gm C
1
, C
2
, C
3
,... mc song song, in dung ca b t l C = C
1
+ C
2
+ C
3
+..., khi
...) C C C ( L 2 T ;
...) C C C ( L 2
1
f ;
...) C C C ( L
1
3 2 1
3 2 1 3 2 1
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +

Sng in t mch dao ng LC pht hoc thu c c tn s ng bng tn s ring ca mch, ta c th xc
nh bc sng ca chng (vn tc truyn sng trong khng kh c th ly bng c = 3.10
8
m/s):
LC c 2 cT
* Phng php
1. Mi gi tr ca L hc C, cho ta mt gi tr tn s, chu k tng ng, vit tt c cc biu thc tn s hoc
chu k ri gn nhng gi tr bi cho tng ng (nu c).
2. T cng thc tnh bc sng ta thy, bc sng bin thin theo L v C. L hay C cng ln, bc sng cng
ln. Nu iu chnh mch sao cho C v L bin thin t C
m
, L
m
n C
M
, L
M
th bc sng cng bin thin
tng ng trong di t
m m m
C L c 2 n
M M M
C L c 2
* Mt s bi tp minh ha
Bi 1
Nu iu chnh in dung ca mt mch dao ng tng ln 4 ln th chu k dao ng ring ca mch thay
i nh th no ( t cm ca cun dy khng i)?
C hai gi tr ca in dung: C v C = 4C, tng ng vi hai gi tr chu k
LC 2 T v
( ) T 2 C . L 2 2 C 4 . L 2 ' LC 2 ' T
Vy chu k tng 2 ln.
Khi lm bi trc nghim, khng phi trnh by v tit kim thi gian, ta c nhn nh sau: T biu thc
tnh chu k ta thy T t l vi cn bc hai ca in dung C v t cm L.
Tc l, nu C tng (hay gim) n ln th T tng (hay gim)
n
ln, nu L tng (hay gim) m ln th T tng
(hay gim)
m
ln. Ngc li vi tn s f.
Nh bi tp trn, do C tng 4 ln, suy ra ngay chu k tng
2 4
ln.
Bi 2
Nu tng in dung ca mt mch dao ng ln 8 ln, ng thi gim t cm ca cun dy i 2 ln th
tn s dao ng ring ca mch tng hay gim bao nhiu ln?
. f
2
1
' f Hay
2
1
f
' f
C 8 . L
2
1
2
1
' C ' L 2
1
' f
LC 2
1
f

'
Tn s gim i hai ln.

Nguyn nh Khang
114
C th suy lun: C tng 8 ln, L gim 2 ln suy ra tn s thay i 2
2
1
. 8 ln. Tng hai ln.
Bi 3
Mt mch dao ng gm c mt cun cm c t cm L = 10
-3
H v mt t in c in dung iu chnh
c trong khong t 4pF n 400pF (1pF = 10
-12
F).
Mch ny c th c nhng tn s ring nh th no?
T cng thc
LC 2
1
f
suy ra
2 2
Lf 4
1
C
Theo bi ra F 10 . 400 C F 10 . 4
12 12
ta c
F 10 . 400
Lf 4
1
F 10 . 4
12
2 2
12
, vi tn s f lun dng, ta suy ra

Hz 10 . 52 , 2 f Hz 10 . 52 , 2
6 5

Vi cch suy lun nh trn th rt cht ch nhng s bin i qua li kh rc ri, mt nhiu thi gian
v hay nhm ln.
Nh ni phn phng php, tn s lun nghch bin theo C v L, nn f
max
ng vi C
min
, L
min
v f
min
ng vi C
max
v L
max
.
Nh vy ta c:
'

Hz 10 . 52 , 2
10 . 4 . 10 2
1
LC 2
1
f
Hz 10 . 52 , 2
10 . 400 . 10 2
1
LC 2
1
f
6
12 3
min
max
5
12 3
max
min
tc l tn s bin i t 2,52.10
5
Hz n 2,52.10
6
Hz
Bi 4
Mt cun dy c in tr khng ng k mc vi mt t in c in dung 0,5F thnh mt mch dao ng.
H s t cm ca cun dy phi bng bao nhiu tn s ring ca mch dao ng c gi tr sau y:
a) 440Hz (m).
b) 90Mhz (sng v tuyn).
T cng thc
LC 2
1
f
suy ra cng thc tnh t cm:

2 2
Cf 4
1
L
a) f = 440Hz
. H 26 , 0
440 . 10 . 5 , 0 . 4
1
Cf 4
1
L
2 6 2 2 2

b) f = 90MHz = 90.10
6
Hz
. pH 3 , 6 H 10 . 3 , 6
) 10 . 90 .( 10 . 5 , 0 . 4
1
Cf 4
1
L
12
2 6 6 2 2 2

Bi 5
Mt mch dao ng gm cun dy L v t in C. Nu dng t C
1
th tn s dao ng ring ca mch l
60kHz, nu dng t C
2
th tn s dao ng ring l 80kHz. Hi tn s dao ng ring ca mch l bao nhiu
nu:
a) Hai t C
1
v C
2
mc song song.
b) Hai t C
1
v C
2
mc ni tip.
Nguyn nh Khang
115
Bi ton cp n mch dao ng vi 3 b t khc nhau, ta lp 3 biu thc tn s tng ng:
+ Khi dng C
1
:
'
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
LC 4
1
f
LC 4
f
1
LC 2
1
f
+ Khi dng C
2
:
'
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
LC 4
1
f
LC 4
f
1
LC 2
1
f
a) Khi dng hai t C
1
v C
2
mc song song, in dung ca b t C = C
1
+ C
2
) C C ( L 4
f
1
) C C ( L 2
1
f
2 1
2
2
2 1
+
+
Suy ra
. kHz 48
80 60
80 . 60
f f
f f
f
f
1
f
1
f
1
2 2 2
2
2
1
2 1
2
2
2
1
2

+
+
+
b) Khi dng hai t C
1
v C
2
mc ni tip, in dung ca b t c xc nh bi
2 1
C
1
C
1
C
1
+
,
_
,
_
2 1
2
2
2 1
C
1
C
1
L 4
1
f
C
1
C
1
L
1
2
1
f
Suy ra
. kHz 100 80 60 f f f f f f
2 2 2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
+ + +
Cu 6
Mch dao ng ca mt my thu v tuyn gm cun cm L = 1H v t in bin i C, dng thu sng v
tuyn c bc sng t 13m n 75m. Hi in dung C ca t in bin thin trong khong no?
T cng thc tnh bc sng: LC c 2 suy ra
L c 4
C
2 2
2
Do > 0 nn C ng bin theo ,

C 10 . 47
10 . ) 10 . 3 .( . 4
13
L c 4
C
12
6 2 8 2
2
2 2
2
min
min

C 10 . 1563
10 . ) 10 . 3 .( . 4
75
L c 4
C
12
6 2 8 2
2
2 2
2
max
max

Vy in dung bin thin t 47.10

-12
C n 1563.10
-12
C.
Cu 7
Mch dao ng chn sng ca mt my thu thanh gm mt cun dy c t cm L = 11,3H v t in
c in dung C = 1000pF.
a) Mch in ni trn c th thu c sng c bc sng
0
bng bao nhiu?
b) thu c di sng t 20m n 50m, ngi ta phi ghp thm mt t xoay C
V
vi t C ni trn. Hi
phi ghp nh th no v gi tr ca C
V
thuc khong no?
Nguyn nh Khang
116
c) thu c sng 25m, C
V
phi c gi tr bao nhiu? Cc bn t di ng phi xoay mt gc bng
bao nhiu k t v tr in dung cc i thu c bc sng trn, bit cc bn t di ng c th
xoay t 0 n 180
0
?
a) Bc sng mch thu c: m 200 10 . 1000 . 10 . 3 , 11 10 . 3 . 2 LC c 2
12 6 8
0

b) Nhn xt:
Di sng cn thu c bc sng nh hn bc sng
0
nn in dung ca b t phi nh hn C. Do
phi ghp C
V
ni tip vi C.
Khi :
2 2 2
2
V
V
V
LC c 4
C
C
C C
C . C
L c 2

+

Vi > 0, C
V
bin thin nghch bin theo .
F 10 . 7 , 66
20 10 . 10 . 3 , 11 . ) 10 . 3 ( 4
10 . 1000 . 20
LC c 4
C
C
F 10 . 1 , 10
50 10 . 10 . 3 , 11 . ) 10 . 3 ( 4
10 . 1000 . 50
LC c 4
C
C
12
2 9 6 2 8 2
12 2
2
min
2 2
2
min
max V
12
2 9 6 2 8 2
12 2
2
max
2 2
2
max
min V
Vy
pF 7 , 66 C pF 1 , 10
V

c) thu c sng
1
= 25m,
F 10 . 9 , 15
25 10 . 10 . 3 , 11 . ) 10 . 3 .( . 4
10 . 25
LC c 4
C
C
12
2 9 6 2 8 2
9 2
2
1
2 2
2
1
V

V C
V
t l vi gc xoay nn ta c
0
min V max V
1 V max V
min V max V
1 V max V
162
1 , 10 7 , 66
9 , 15 7 , 66
180
C C
C C
180
180 C C
C C

,
_
,
_
Dng 4
CC GI TR IN TCH, HIU IN TH V CNG DNG IN
TRONG QU TRNH DAO NG
Dng bi ton ny, ta ch cn ch n cng thc tnh nng lng in t ca mch:
C
Q
2
1
CU
2
1
LI
2
1
C
q
2
1
Li
2
1
Cu
2
1
Li
2
1
2
0 2
0
2
0
2
2 2 2
+ +
C hai cch c bn cp nng lng ban u cho mch dao ng:
1. Cp nng lng in ban u
Ban u kha k cht (1), t in c tch in (nu thi gian di) n
hiu in th bng sut in ng E ca ngun. Nng lng in m t tch c
l
2
CE
2
1
W .
Chuyn kha k sang cht (2), t phng in qua cun dy. Nng lng in
chuyn dn thnh nng lng t trn cun dy....mch dao ng.
Nh vy hiu in th cc i trong qu trnh dao ng chnh l hiu in th ban u ca t U
0
= E, nng
lng in ban u m t tch c t ngun chnh l nng lng ton phn (nng
lng in t) ca mch dao ng
2
CE
2
1
W .
2. Cp nng lng t ban u
Ban u kha k ng, dng in qua cun dy khng i v c cng
(nh lut m cho ton mch):
Nguyn nh Khang
117
E
C L
k (2) (1)
E,r
C L
k
r
E
I
0

Nng lng t trng trn cun dy khng i v bng:
2
2
0
r
E
L
2
1
LI
2
1
W
,
_

Cun dy khng c in tr thun nn hiu in th hai u cun dy (cng chnh l hiu in th gia
hai bn t in) bng khng. T cha tch in.
Khi ngt kha k, nng lng t ca cun dy chuyn ha dn thnh nng lng in trn t in...mch
dao ng.
Nh vy, vi cch kch thch dao ng nh th ny, nng lng ton phn (nng lng in t) ng
bng nng lng t ban u ca cun dy
2
r
E
L
2
1
W
,
_
, cng dng in cc i trong mch dao ng

ng bng cng dng in ban u qua cun dy
r
E
I
0
.
Cu 8
Mch dao ng l tng gm t in c in dung
F 1 C
v cun dy c t cm mH 1 L . Trong qu
trnh dao ng, cng dng in qua cun dy c ln ln nht l 0,05A. Sau bao lu th hiu in th
gia hai bn t in c ln ln nht, ln bng bao nhiu?
Thi gian t lc cng dng in t cc i n lc hiu in th t cc i l T
4
1
(T l chu k dao
ng ring ca mch). Vy thi gian cn tm l
s 10 . 57 , 1 10 . 10 2
4
1
LC c 2
4
1
t
4 2 6

Nng lng in cc i bng nng lng t cc i trong qu trnh dao ng
2
0
2
0
LI
2
1
CU
2
1
Suy ra
V 5
10
10
. 05 , 0
C
L
I U
6
2
0 0

Cu 9
Mch dao ng LC c cng dng in cc i I
0
= 10mA, in tch cc i ca t in l
C 10 . 4 Q
8
0

.
a) Tnh tn s dao ng trong mch.
b) Tnh h s t cm ca cun dy, bit in dung ca t in C = 800pF.
Tn s dao ng
in tch cc i Q
0
v cng dng in cc i I
0
lin h vi nhau bng biu thc:
C
Q
2
1
LI
2
1
2
0 2
0

Suy ra
12
2
0
2
0
10 . 16
I
Q
LC

kHz 40 f hay Hz 40000
10 . 16 2
1
LC 2
1
f
12

Nguyn nh Khang
118
H s t cm L
H 02 , 0
C
10 . 16
L
12

Cu 10
Mch dao ng LC l tng dao ng vi chu k ring T = 10
-4
s,

hiu in th cc i gia hai bn t U
0
=
10V, cng dng in cc i qua cun dy l I
0
= 0,02A. Tnh in dung ca t in v h s t cm
ca cun dy.
T cng thc
2
0
2
0
CU
2
1
LI
2
1
, suy ra
4
2
0
2
0
10 . 25
I
U
C
L

Chu k dao ng LC 2 T , suy ra
10
2
8
2
2
10 . 5 , 2
. 4
10
4
T
LC

Vi hai biu thc thng s v tch s ca L v C, ta tnh c

L = 7,9.10
-3
H v C = 3,2.10
-8
F.
Cu 11
Ti thi im cng dng in qua cun dy trong mt mch dao ng c ln l 0,1A th hiu in th
gia hai bn t in ca mch l 3V. Tn s dao ng ring ca mch l 1000Hz. Tnh cc gi tr cc i
ca in tch trn t in, hiu in th hai u cun dy v cng dng in qua cun dy, bit in
dung ca t in 10F.
T cng thc
C
Q
2
1
Cu
2
1
Li
2
1
2
0 2 2
+ , suy ra
2 2 2 2
0
u C LCi Q +
Vi
2 2
f 4
1
LC
LC 2
1
f
, thay vo ta c
C 10 . 4 , 3 3 . ) 10 . 10 (
1000 . . 4
1 , 0
u C
f 4
i
Q
5 2 2 6
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
0

+
Hiu in th cc i:
V 4 , 3
10
10 . 4 , 3
C
Q
U
5
5
0
0

Cng dng in cc i:
A 21 , 0 10 . 4 , 3 . 1000 . . 2 fQ 2 Q I
5
0 0 0

Cu 12
Mt mch dao ng LC, cun dy c t cm L = 2mH v t in c in dung C = 0,2F. Cng
dng in cc i trong cun cm l I
0
= 0,5A. Tm nng lng ca mch dao ng v hiu in th gia
hai bn t in thi im dng in qua cun cm c cng i = 0,3A. B qua nhng mt mt nng
lng trong qu trnh dao ng.
Nng lng in t ca mch
J 10 . 25 , 0 5 , 0 . 10 . 2 .
2
1
LI
2
1
W
3 2 3 2
0

Nguyn nh Khang
119
Hiu in th gia hai bn t in
p dng cng thc tnh nng lng dao ng:
2 2
Cu
2
1
Li
2
1
W + , suy ra
V 40
10 . 2 , 0
3 , 0 . 10 . 2 10 . 25 , 0 . 2
C
Li W 2
u
6
2 3 3 2

Cu 13 Cng dng in tc thi trong mt mch dao ng LC l tng l i = 0,08cos(2000t)A. Cun
dy c t cm l L = 50mH. Hy tnh in dung ca t in. Xc nh hiu in th gia hai bn t in
ti thi im cng dng in tc thi trong mch bng gi tr cng dng in hiu dng.
in dung ca t in
T cng thc tnh tn s goc:
LC
1

, suy ra
F 10 . 5
2000 . 10 . 50
1
L
1
C
6
2 3 2

hay C = 5F.
Hiu in th tc thi.
T cng thc nng lng in t
2
0
2 2
LI
2
1
Cu
2
1
Li
2
1
+ , vi
2
I
I i
0

, suy ra
. V 66 , 5 V 2 4
10 . 25
10 . 50
08 , 0
C 2
L
I u
6
3
0

Cu 14
Mch dao ng LC c cun dy thun cm vi t cm H 10 .
1
L
2
, t in c in dung F 10 .
1
C
6
. B qua in tr dy ni. Tch in cho t in n gi tr cc i Q

0
, trong mch c dao ng in t
ring.
a) Tnh tn s dao ng ca mch.
b) Khi nng lng in trng t in bng nng lng t trng cun dy th in tch trn t
in bng my phn trm Q
0
?
Tn s dao ng:
Hz 5000
10
.
10
. . 2
1
LC 2
1
f
6 2

Khi nng lng in bng nng lng t
W
2
1
W
W W W
W W
t
t

'
hay
0
0
2
0
2
Q % 70
2
Q
q
C
Q
2
1
.
2
1
C
q
2
1

Cu 15
Cho mch dao ng l tng nh hnh v bn. T in c in dung 20F, cun dy
c t cm 0,2H, sut in ng ca ngun in l 5V. Ban u kha k cht (1),
khi t in tch y in, chuyn k sang (2), trong mch c dao ng in t.
a) Tnh cng dng in cc i qua cun dy.
b) Tnh cng dng in qua cun dy ti thi im in tch trn t ch
bng mt na gi tr in tch ca t khi kha k cn (1).
Nguyn nh Khang
120
E
C L
k (2) (1)
c) Tnh hiu in th gia hai bn t in khi mt na nng lng in trn t in chuyn thnh
nng lng t trong cun dy.
a) Cng dng in cc i
Khi k (1), t in tch c nng lng in:
2
CE
2
1
W
Khi k chuyn sang (2), nng lng ny l nng lng ton phn ca dao ng trong mch, ta c
0,05A
2 , 0
10 . 20
. 5
L
C
E I CE
2
1
LI
2
1
6
0
2 2
0

b) Cng dng in tc thi
T cng thc tnh nng lng in t
LC
q
I i LI
2
1
C
q
2
1
Li
2
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
2
+
Trong , in tch bng na gi tr ban u CE
2
1
Q
2
1
q
0
, thay tr li ta c
A 043 , 0 5 .
2 , 0
10 . 20
.
4
1
05 , 0 E
L
C
4
1
I i
2
6
2 2 2
0

hay i = 43mA
c) Hiu in th tc thi
Khi mt na nng lng in trng chuyn thnh nng lng t trng, ta c W
= W
t
= W
2
1
, hay
3,535V
2
5
2
E
u
2 2
CE
2
1
2
1
Cu
2
1
Cu 16
Cho mch in nh hnh v bn. Cun dy thun cm c t cm
H 10 . 4 L
3
, t in c in dung C = 0,1F, ngun in c sut in ng E
= 6mV v in tr trong r = 2. Ban u kha k ng, khi c dng in chy
n nh trong mch, ngt kha k.
a) Hy so snh hiu in th cc i gia hai bn t in vi sut in
ng ca ngun cung cp ban u.
b) Tnh in tch trn t in khi nng lng t trong cun dy gp 3 ln nng lng in trng trong
t in.
a) Hiu in th cc i
Ban u k ng, dng in qua cun dy mA 3
2
6
r
E
I
0

in tr cun dy bng khng nn hiu in th hai u cun dy, cng chnh l hiu in th gia hai bn t
in bng 0, t cha tch in.
Nng lng trong mch hon ton dng nng lng t trng trong cun dy:
J 10 . 8 , 1 003 , 0 . 10 . 4 .
2
1
r
E
L
2
1
LI
2
1
W
8 2 3
2
2
0

,
_

Khi ngt k, mch dao ng vi nng lng ton phn bng W, ta c
10
10
10 . 4
2
1
C
L
r
1
E
U
r
E
L
2
1
CU
2
1
5
3
0
2
2
0

,
_
Vy, hiu in th cc i gia hai bn t in trong qu trnh dao ng ln gp 10 ln sut in ng ca

ngun in cung cp.
b) in tch tc thi
Nguyn nh Khang
121
E,r
C L
k
ra suy , W .
4
3
C
q
2
1
W
4
3
W 3 W
2
t

C 10 . 2 , 5 10 . 8 , 1 . 10 .
2
3
CW
2
3
q
7 8 5

Dng 5
PHA V THI GIAN DAO NG
Cn phi vn dng tnh tng t gia in v c
i lng c i lng in
Ta x q in tch
Vn tc v i cng dng in
Khi lng m L t cm
cng k
C
1
nghch o in dung
Lc F u hiu in th
Khi vt qua VTCB x = 0 th vn tc t cc i v
max
, ngc li khi bin, x
max
= A, v = 0.
Tng t, khi q = 0 th i = I
0
v khi i = 0 th q = Q
0
.
c bit nn vn dng s tng quan gia dao ng iu ha v chuyn ng trn u gii quyt cc bi
ton lin quan n thi gian chuyn ng.
Cu 17
Mch dao ng l tng gm cun dy c t cm L = 0,2H v t in c in dung C = 20F. Ngi ta
tch in cho t in n hiu in th cc i U
0
= 4V. Chn thi im ban u (t = 0) l lc t in bt
u phng in. Vit biu thc tc thi ca in tch q trn bn t in m thi im ban u n tch in
dng. Tnh nng lng in trng ti thi im
8
T
t , T l chu k dao ng.
in tch tc thi
) t cos( Q q
0
+
Trong
s / rad 500
10 . 20 . 2 , 0
1
LC
1
6

C 10 . 8 4 . 10 . 20 CU Q
5 6
0 0

Khi t = 0
0 hay 1 cos Q cos Q q
0 0
+
Vy phng trnh cn tm: q = 8.10
-5
cos500t (C)
Nng lng in trng
Nguyn nh Khang
122
C
q
2
1
W
2

Vo thi im
8
T
t , in tch ca t in bng
2
Q
8
T
.
T
2
cos Q q
0
0

, thay vo ta tnh c nng lng in trng

J 80 W
,
_
hay J 80.10
20.10
2
8.10
2
1
W
6
6
2
5
Cu 18
Trong mt mch dao ng, in tch ca t in bin thin theo quy lut: q = 2,5.10
-6
cos(2.10
3
t)(C).
a) Vit biu thc cng dng in tc thi trong mch.
b) Tnh nng lng in t v tn s dao ng ca mch. Tnh t cm ca cun dy, bit in dung
ca t in l 0,25F.
Biu thc cng dng in trong mch
) A ( ) t 10 . 2 sin( 10 . 5 , 2 . 10 . 2
dt
dq
i
3 6 3

hay c th vit di dng
(A) )
2
t cos(2.10 5.10 i
3 3
+

Nng lng in t
( )
J 12,5 W

hay J 10 . 5 , 12
10 . 25 , 0
10 . 5 , 2
2
1
C
Q
2
1
W
6
6
2
6 2
0
t cm ca cun dy
T cng thc tnh tn s gc:
LC
1

, suy ra
0,1H
) .(2.10 0,25.10
1
C
1
L
2 3 6 2

Cu 19
Nguyn nh Khang
123
Mch dao ng LC l tng thc hin dao ng in t. Hy xc nh khong thi gian, gia hai ln lin
tip, nng lng in trng trn t in bng nng lng t trng trong cun dy.
Khi nng lng in trng trn t bng nng lng t trng trong cun dy, ta c
W
2
1
W W
t
hay
2
2
Q q
C
Q
2
1
2
1
C
q
2
1
0
2
0
2
t
,
_
Vi hai v tr li
2
2
Q q
0
t trn trc Oq, tng ng vi 4 v tr trn ng trn, cc v tr ny cch u
nhau bi cc cung
2
.
C ngha l, sau hai ln lin tip W
= W
t
, pha dao ng bin thin c mt lng l
4
T
4
2
2

(Pha dao ng bin thin c 2 sau thi gian mt chu k T)

Tm li, c sau thi gian
4
T
nng lng in li bng nng lng t.
Cu 20
Biu thc in tch ca t trong mt mch dao ng c dng q=Q
0
sin(2.10
6
t)(C). Xc nh thi im nng
lng t bng nng lng in u tin.
Nguyn nh Khang
124
q -Q
0
Q
0
O
2
2
Q
0
2
2
Q
0
4
3
4
3

C th vit li biu thc in tch di dng hm s cosin i vi thi gian, quen thuc nh sau:
)
2
t 10 . 2 cos( Q q
6
0

v coi q nh li ca mt vt dao ng iu ha.
Ban u, pha dao ng bng
2
, vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng.

W
= W
t
ln u tin khi
2
2
Q q
0
, vect quay ch v tr cung
4
, tc l n qut c mt gc
8
2
4

tng ng vi thi gian

8
T
.
Vy thi
im bi
ton cn
xc nh
l t =
8
T

=
s 10 . 5
10 . 2 8
2
7
6

Cu 21
Nguyn nh Khang
125
q -Q
0
Q
0
O
2
2
Q
0
4
t = 0
t =
E
C
1
C
2
k
1
k
(1)
L
(2)
Trong mch dao ng (h.v) b t in gm 2 t C
1
ging nhau c cp
nng lng W
0
= 10
-6
J t ngun in mt chiu c sut in ng E =
4V. Chuyn K t (1) sang (2). C sau nhng khong thi gian nh nhau:
T
1
= 10
-6
s th nng lng in trng trong t in v nng lng t
trng trong cun cm bng nhau.
a) Xc nh cng dng in cc i trong cun dy.
b) ng K
1
vo lc cng dng in cun dy t cc i. Tnh li hiu in th cc i trn cun dy.
Theo suy lun nh cu 19, s 10 . 4 T 4 T
4
T
T
6
1 1

F 10 . 125 , 0
4
10 . 2
E
W 2
C CE
2
1
W
6
2
6
2
0 2
0

Do C
1
nt C
2
v C
1
= C
2
nn C
1
= C
2
= 2C = 0,25.10
-6
F
H 10 . 24 , 3
10 . 125 , 0 . . 4
10 . 16
C 4
T
L LC 2 T
6
6 2
12
2
2

a) T cng thc nng lng
A 785 , 0
10 . 24 , 3
10 . 2
L
W 2
I W LI
2
1
6
6
0
0 0
2
0

b) Khi ng k
1
, nng lng trn cc t in bng khng, t C
1
b loi khi h dao ng nhng nng lng
khng b C
1
mang theo, tc l nng lng in t khng i v bng W
0
.
V 83 , 2
10 . 25 , 0
10 . 2
C
W 2
U W U C
2
1
6
6
2
0
0 0
2
0 2

Nguyn nh Khang
126
Nguyn nh Khang
127

Cac Chu de Vat Li12

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cac Chu de Vat Li12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phng Php Gii Ton Vt L 12

l pha ban u ( l pha thi im t = 0),n v (rad).

cos ' ' )

: Da vo mt trong cc biu thc sau :

nu bit cc i lng cn li.

) phi tho mn 2 phng trnh :

, thay ln ta c : 0 = m.v.a + k.x.v

= 750g th h dao ng vi tn s bao nhiu?

, vt bt u dao ng t v tr bin dng. Vt i qua v tr x = 5cm ln

Phng Php Gii Ton Vt L 12

v i c qung ng 40cm trong mt chu k.

B i 3. Mt ci a nm ngang, c khi lng M = 200g, c gn vao u trn ca mt l xo thng ng c

c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

( xc nh pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp ph thuc vo

. Xc nh bin ca dao ng tng hp.

*Lc l l lc qun tnh. .

khng i. Gia tc trng trng

. Lp lun tng t, khi vt i t v tr bin A

. gim bin sau mi mt chu k l:

chu k. Vy thi gian dao ng l:

k t lc th ra, vt i dc qung ng di 7,5cm. Tnh k

ln th dao ng khng phi l dao ng iu ho m ch l dao ng tun hon.

Thi gian ngn nht con lc i t v tr s = 3cm n

. Suy ra biu thc vn tc cc i.

. Suy ra biu thc lc cng cc i, cc tiu. Ly g = 10m/s

p dng cng thc gn ng:

Mi chu k ng h chy nhanh hay chm mt lng

hng thng xung di th chu k dao ng

(s) v ti thi im ban u vt i qua

cm/s B. 0cm/s. C. - 4cm/s D. 4cm/s

. Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng ny c bin l

. Pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp hai dao ng trn bng

Cu 25: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh

Cu 33: Mt con lc l xo gm mt vt nh khi lng 0,02kg v l xo c cng 1N/m. Vt nh c t

ti ni c gia tc trng trng l g.

= 3,14. Phng trnh dao ng ca cht im l

4. Vit biu thc:

, chiu di l v tit din S ca dy dn:

Phng Php Gii Ton Vt L 12

: h s cng sut, ch c R tiu th in nng.

* Nhit lng ta ra trn mch (trn R):

= 0 (hiu in th hai u mch cng pha vi cng dng in)

. Dng in xoay chiu trong mch c biu thc;

v mt bng n ghi ( 40V 40W )

ni tip vi mt bin tr R. iu chnh R

v cun thun cm L. t vo hai u mt in p

v mt t in c in dung bin i c. in p t vo hai u mch l:

mc ni tip vi nhau. in p gia hai u on mch l

l lch pha gia u v i ta c:

+ v cng dng in 2 (100 )

Hai on mch vung pha.

. Hy tnh in tr hot ng ca cun dy bit in p

v cng dng in trong mch

+ . Tm cng sut ca mch in.

- th biu din s ph thuc ca cng sut vo R.

( Hin tng cng hng in)

( Hin tng cng hng in xy ra)

, mt t in c in dung l C. in p hai u on mch l: 260 2 100 ( ) u cos t V

. in p hai u on mch l U = 100V, tn s

, in p trn on mch DB l: 80 (100 )( )

0. UMN=120V. Khi K chuyn t 1 sang 2 s ch ampe

v nhanh pha hn uAM gc

F vo in p xoay chiu ni trn.