Chuong 4 - Ma Tran Tan Xa - SV

Chng 4.
Mng mt v nhiu ca
Nguyn Trng Hi Trang 55
CHNG 4.
MNG MT V NHIU CA

I. KHI NIM
K hiu, quy c chiu ca in p v dng in trong mng mt ca v nhiu ca

1. Ma trn tr khng Z
1 11 12 1 1
2 21 22 2 2
1 2
. . .
. . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . .
N
N
N N N NN N
v Z Z Z i
v Z Z Z i
v Z Z Z i
(
(
(
(

=
( ` `
(
(
(
(
) )

hay
{ } | |{ } I Z V =
in p ti ca n vi n=1N c cho nh sau
N N
i Z i Z i Z v
1 2 12 1 11 1
... + + + =
N N
i Z i Z i Z v
2 2 22 1 21 2
... + + + =

N NN N N N
i Z i Z i Z v + + + = ...
2 2 1 1

Mi phn t tr khng trong ma trn c th c xc nh nh sau
( ) m k for i
m
n
nm
k
i
v
Z
= =
=
0

l t s in p o c ti cng n v dng in vo cng m trong iu kin h
mch cc cng khc (i
k
= 0; k m = )

Mng
Mt ca
i
1
v
1

Mng
Hai ca
i
1
v
1
i
2
v
2
Ca 1

Ca 2

Mng

N ca
i
1
v
1
i
2
v
2 Ca 1

Ca 2

i
3
v
1 Ca 3

v
4 Ca 4

v
N Ca N

i
4
i
N
i
N-1
v
N-1 Ca N-1

Chng 4. Mng mt v nhiu ca
2. Ma trn Y dn np
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
N
NN N
N
N
N
N
v
v
v
Y Y
Y Y
Y
Y
Y Y Y
i
i
i
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
2
1
2
2 22
1
21
1 12 11
2
1

hay
{ } | |{ } V Y I =

tng t
( ) m k for
v
m
n
nm
k
v
i
Y
=
=
=
0

so snh vi ma trn Z tr khng
| | | |
1
= Y Z

V d,
Cho mng sau, tm ma trn tr khng v dn np cho mng sau

p s
Vy, ma trn Z tr khng nh sau
| |
( )
( )
(
+
+
+ +
=
B A C C A
C A C B A
C B A
Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z
Z
1

Tng t cho ma trn Y dn np

| |
(
+
+
=
(
(
(
(
+
+
=
C B B
B B A
C B B
B B A
Y Y Y
Y Y Y
Z Z Z
Z Z Z
Y
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
, ,

= = =
C C B B A A
Z Y and Z Y Z Y

V d trn ch ra rng ma trn Y v Z l i xng, ngha l
mn nm
Z Z =

Z
A
Z
C
Z
B
i
1
v
1
v
2
i
2
Ca 1

Ca 2

3. Ma trn h (hybrid)
)
`
=
)
`
2
1
22 21
12 11
2
1
v
i
h h
h h
i
v

vi
0
2
1
12
1
=
=
i
v
v
h

V d, thit lp ma trn h m t BJT sau

p s
BC BE
BE BC
v
B
BE
r r
r r
i
v
h
CE
+
= =
=0 11
(tr khng vo)
BC BE
BE
i
CE
BE
r r
r
v
v
h
B
+
= =
=0 12
(t s hi tip in p)
BC BE
BE BC
v
B
C
r r
r r
i
i
h
CE
+
= =
=

0 21
(h s khuch i dng tn hiu nh)
BC BE CE
i
CE
C
r r r v
i
h
B
+
+
+ = =
=
1 1
0 22
(dn np ng ra)
V r
BC
ln hn nhiu r
BE
, ma trn h gn ng ca BJT nh sau

BE v
B
BE
r
i
v
h
CE
= =
=0 11

0
0 12
= =
=
B
i
CE
BE
v
v
h

= =
=0 21
CE
v
B
C
i
i
h

BC CE
i
CE
C
r r v
i
h
B
+ = =
=
1
0 22

Ma trn rt thng dng v thng c cho trong datasheet cc BJT
i
B
i
C
i
B
i
C
r
BC
r
BE r
CE B
i '

i'
B
V d,
Datasheet ca 2N3904, c cc thng s sau: 5
ie
h K = O,
4
2 10
re
h x

= , 250
fe
h = ;
20
oe
h S = , xc nh , ,
BE BC CE
r r r
p s,
Ma trn tng ng h ca BJT nh sau
BC BE
BE BC
ie
r r
r r
h
+
=

BC BE
BE
re
r r
r
h
+
=

BC BE
BE BC
fe
r r
r r
h
+
=

BC BE CE
oe
r r r
h
+
+
+ =
1 1

Gii h phng trnh trn
O = = M h h r
re ie BC
71 /

( ) O = = K h h r
re ie BE
5 1 /

( ) ( ) 02 . 300 1 / = =
re fe re
h h h

O =
+
= K
h h h h h h
h
r
re re fe re ie oe
ie
CE
35 . 63
2
2

4. Ma trn ABCD

)
`
=
)
`
2
2
1
1
i
v
D C
B A
i
v

V d,
Tnh ton ma trn ABCD cho mng 2 ca sau

i
1
v
1
i
2
v
2
Ca 1
Ca 2

Z


Gii,
1
0
2
1
2
= =
= i
v
v
A

Z
i
v
B
v
=
=
=0
2
1
2

0
0
2
1
2
= =
= i
v
i
C

1
0
2
1
2
=
=
= v
i
i
D

V d
Tnh ma trn ABCD cho mng sau

p s
| |
(
(
(
(
+
+ + +
=
(
=

C
B
C
C
B A
B A
B
A
B A
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
ABCD
1
1
1
1 0
1
1
0 1
1 0
1
1
1

V d,
Tnh ton ma trn ABCD cho ng truyn sau

p s
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
(
=
(
l l jY
l jZ l
D C
B A

cos sin
sin cos
0
0

i
1
v
1
i
2
v
2
Ca 1

Ca 2

0
; Z

l

d

i
1
v
1
i
2
v
2
Ca 1

Ca 2

Z
A

Z
B

Z
C

5. Kt ni cc ma trn
Khi cc mng hai ca kt ni ni tip vi nhau, c th tm ton b cc thng s z
bng cch cng cc thng s z thnh phn li.

V d
Kt ni ni tip dng thng s z v ng dng
(
(
a a
a a
z z
z z
22 21
12 11
(
(
b b
b b
z z
z z
22 21
12 11
a
i
1
b
v
2
b
i
1
a
v
1
+
_
2
i
a
v
2
+
_
+
_ _
+
b
v
1
b
i
1
2
v 1
v
b
i
1
1
i
+
_
2
v
2
i
1
i
+
_
1
v

Ma trn z tng ng
(
(
(
+ +
+ +
=
(
(
+
+
=
(
2
1
22 22 21 21
12 12 11 11
2 2
1 1
2
1
i
i
z z z z
z z z z
v v
v v
v
v
b a b a
b a b a
b a
b a

Khi mng hai ca c mc song song, c th tm ton b thng s y bng cch
cng cc thng s y thnh phn.

V d,
Kt ni song song dng thng s y v ng dng

(
(
a a
a a
Y Y
Y Y
22 21
12 11
a
i
1
b
i
1
+
_
2
i
+
b
i
2
2
v
1
v
b
i
2 1
i
(
(
b b
b b
Y Y
Y Y
22 21
12 11
a
N
b
N
+
_
2
v
2
i
1
i
+
_1
v
a
N
b
N
R


Ma trn y tng ng
(
(
(
+ +
+ +
=
(
(
+
+
=
(
2
1
22 22 21 21
12 12 11 11
2 2
1 1
2
1
v
v
y y y y
y y y y
i i
i i
i
i
b a b a
b a b a
b a
b a

Khi mng hai ca mc theo kiu cascade (mt xch), ma trn ABCD c dng s
dng
V d,
Kt ni cascade dng thng s ABCD v ng dng.

v v
2
a
=v
1
b
v -i
2
a
= i
1
b
. Ma trn ABCD y l tch cc ma trn thnh phn.
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
=
(
b
b
b b
b b
a a
a a
a
a
a a
a a
a
a
i
v
D C
B A
D C
B A
i
v
D C
B A
i
v
i
v
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1

a a
a a
A B
C D
(
(
(
(

b b
b b
A B
C D
(
(
(
(

6. Bin i qua li gia cc ma trn
| | Z

| | Y

| | h

| | ABCD

| | Z

22 21
12 11
Z Z
Z Z

Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
A A
A
11 21
12 22

22 22
21
22
12
22
1
Z Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
A

21
22
21
21 21
11
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z A

| | Y

Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
Y
A A
A
11 21
12 22

22 21
12 11
Y Y
Y Y

11 11
21
11
12
11
1
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
A

21
11
21
21 21
22
1
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y Y
Y

| | h

22 22
21
22
12
22
1
h h
h
h
h
h
h
A

11 11
21
11
12
11
1
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
A

22 21
12 11
h h
h h

21 21
22
21
11
21
1
h h
h
h
h
h
h

| | ABCD

C
D
C
C
ABCD
C
A
1
A

B
A
B
B
ABCD
B
D
1

D
C
D
D
ABCD
D
B
1
A

D C
B A

7. Ma trn tn x S
Vi mch in hot ng tn s thp (kch thc ca mch in rt nh so vi
bc sng lan truyn), c th o c cc gi tr in p v dng in ti mt im
bt k
Vi cc mch in hot ng tn s siu cao (kch thc ca mch c th so snh
c vi bc sng), phi m hnh ha mch in tn s siu cao bng cc phn
t tng ng c cc thng s phn b, biu din di dng ma trn tn x S
(Scatering Matrix) mt hoc nhiu ca.
Cng sut chun ha sng ti ti cng n
( )
n n n
I Z V
Z
a
0
0
2
1
+ =

Cng sut chun ha sng phn x ti cng n
( )
n n n
I Z V
Z
b
0
0
2
1
=

T 2 phng trnh trn suy ra
( )
n n n
b a Z V + =
0

( )
n n n
b a
Z
I =
0
1

Vy
{ } ( )
2 2
2
1
Re
2
1
n n n n n
b a I V P = =
-

Tch ri thnh phn sng ti v sng phn x ca cng sut,
+
+
= =
n
n
n
I Z
Z
V
a
0
0

= =
n
n
n
I Z
Z
V
b
0
0

tng t vi biu thc in p v dng in
+ +
= + =
n n n n n
I Z I Z V V V
0 0

vy, ma trn tn x S cho mt mng 2 ca nh sau

)
`
=
)
`
2
1
22 21
12 11
2
1
a
a
S S
S S
b
b

vi
2
1
11 0
1
a
b
S
a
=
= (t s cng sut phn x ti ca 1 v cng sut ti ti ca 1)
2
2
21 0
1
a
b
S
a
=
= (t s cng sut truyn n ti ca 2 v cng sut ti ti ca 1)
1
2
22 0
2
a
b
S
a
=
= (t s cng sut phn x ti ca 2 v cng sut ti ti ca 2)
1
1
12 0
2
a
b
S
a
=
= (t s cng sut truyn n ti ca 1 v cng sut ti ti ca 2)
iu kin a
2
= 0 v a
1
= 0 ngha l khng c cng sut sng phn x li mng ti
cc ca 2 v 1, iu ny ch xy ra khi cc cng c phi hp tr khng ng.
V cc thng s S da trn cc quan h v cng sut. Cng sut trung bnh ti cng
1 c cho bi
( ) ( )
2
11
0
2
1 2
0
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
S
Z
V
Z
V
P
in
= I =
+ +

vi
11 0
1
1
1
1
2
S
a
b
V
V
a in
= = = I
=
+

T , h s sng ng VSWR ti cng 1
11
11
1
1
S
S
VSWR
+
=

Cng sut ti cng 1
( ) ( )
2
2
1
2
1
2
1 1
1
2 2
1
in ref inc
a
b a P P P I = = + =

nu h s phn x S
11
= 0;
Cng sut sng ti (incident power) biu din theo a
1
l cc i
2 2
1
2
0
2
1
i
inc
a
P
Z
V
= =
+

Tng t cho cng 2
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
1
2 2
1
out
a
b a P I = =

Ma trn tn x ca mt s linh kin tch cc

M t.
2SC3355 l transistor loai Silicon, s dng cho
cc b khuch i nhiu thp ti di tn VHF,
UHF v CATV
Chc nng
Low noise and high gain
NF = 1.1 dB TYP., Ga = 8.0 dB TYP. @
VCE = 10 V, IC = 7 mA, f = 1 GHz
NF = 1.8 dB TYP., Ga = 9.0 dB TYP. @
VCE = 10 V, IC = 40 mA, f = 1 GHz
High power gain : MAG = 11 dB TYP. @
VCE = 10 V, IC = 20 mA, f = 1 GHz

{2SC3355 NEC NPN, f=1.0GHZ ; Vce=10V, Ic=40mA}
f s11 s21 s12 s22
0,2 0.011 -60.1 13.76 105.4 0.040 -73.3 0.421 -17.5
0,4 0.028 -42.9 7.338 82.9 0.069 66.7 0.416 -22.8
0,6 0.027 25.1 4.996 72.7 0.114 69.4 0.414 -28.7
0,8 0.043 65.7 3.801 61.9 0.144 67.8 0.406 -35.7
1,0 0.074 75.1 3.134 57.6 0.183 63.4 0.386 -41.8
1,2 0.098 75.6 2.759 52.4 0.221 62.1 0.373 -49.8
1,4 0.120 74.1 2.351 44.4 0.247 55.7 0.356 -56.3
1,6 0.146 75.8 2.203 36.0 0.291 49.6 0.347 -66.6
1,8 0.171 77.2 1.910 29.9 0.299 46.0 0.342 -78.8
2,0 0.205 78.0 1.825 21.3 0.344 39.4 0.355 -89.6

8. Ma trn thng s chuyn i T
Thng s mt xch, cn gi l thng s chuyn i phn b hay thng s T, c s
dng ghp tng cc mch.

(
=
(
2
2
22 21
12 11
1
1
a
b
T T
T T
b
a

Quan h gia S v T nh sau
(
(
(
(
=
(
21
22 11
12
21
11
21
22
21
22 21
12 11
1
S
S S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T T
T T

v
21 21 12
22
11 12 11 11
21 22 12
11 11
1
T T T
T
S S T T
S S T
T T
(
(
(
(
=
(
(

(

Thng s T thng dng trong phn tch mng hai ca mc cascade.
Mng hai ca mc cascade

(
(
a a
a a
T T
T T
22 21
12 11
(
(
b b
b b
T T
T T
22 21
12 11 1
a '
1
a
'
1
b
2
b
2
a
'
2
a
'
2
b
1
b

Ma trn T c vit thnh nhm ma trn phn b mt xch thnh phn
(
(
(
=
(
2
2
22 21
12 11
1
1
a
b
T T
T T
b
a
a a
a a

(
(
(
(
=
(
,
2
,
2
22 21
12 11
,
1
,
1
a
b
T T
T T
b
a
b b
b b

v
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
,
2
,
2
22 21
12 11
22 21
12 11
1
1
a
b
T T
T T
T T
T T
b
a
b b
b b
a a
a a

Biu thc trn thng dng trong phn tch v thit k nhng b khuch i cao tn
dng k thut thit k vi s tr gip ca my tnh.
9. Bin i gia thng s Z v S
Ta c
{ } | |{ } a S b =

nhn hai v vi
0
Z
{ } { } | |{ } | |{ }
0 0
Z b V Z S a S V
+
= = =
Cng 2 v vi
{ } { }
0
V Z a
+
=
{ } | |{ } { } | | | | ( ){ }
V S V V S E V
+ + +
= + = + (*) vi [E] l ma trn n v
So snh vi ma trn Z: { } | |{ } V Z I = v bii din
{ }
V
+
theo{ } I bng cch
Tr 2 v ca
{ } { }
0
V Z a
+
= vi
| |{ }
+
V S

{ } | |{ } { } { } ( ) { } I Z b a Z V S V
0 0
= =
+ +

t suy ra
{ } | | | | ( ) { } I S E Z V
1
0
+
=

Thay vo phng trnh (*)
{ } | | | | ( ){ } | | | | ( ) | | | | ( ) { } I S E E S Z V E S V
1
0
+
+ = + =

hay
| | | | | | ( ) | | | | ( )
1
0
Z Z S E E S

= +
cui cng
11 12
21 22
Z Z
Z Z
(
(

1
11 12 11 12
0
21 22 21 22
1 1
1 1
S S S S
Z
S S S S
+ ( (
=
( (
+

( )( )
11 12
0
22 12 21 22
21 11 11 22 21 12
1
1 1
1 1 1
S S
Z
S S S S
S S S S S S
+ (
(
+ (

=
(

II. NG DNG MA TRN TN X
1. Mch khuch i siu cao tn
Cc phng trnh li cng sut

S
b
2
b
1
a
1
b
2
a
S
I
L
I
11
S
22
S
12
S
21
S
AVS
P
IN
P
AVN
P
L
P
*
S IN
IN AVS
P P
I = I
=
*
OUT L
L AVS
P P
I = I
=

Hnh trn minh ha th dng tn hiu mch khuch i cao tn v nhng cng
sut khc nhau s dng trong cc phng trnh li cng sut: li cng sut
bin i (Transducer power Gain)G
T
, li cng sut ng (Operating Power
Gain) G
P
, v li cng sut hu ch (Available Power Gain) G
A
c nh ngha
nh sau:
= =
AVS
L
T
P
P
G Cng sut truyn n ti/Cng sut c ch t ngun.
= =
IN
L
P
P
P
G Cng sut truyn n ti/Cng sut cung cp cho mch K.
*
L
OUT
AVN
A T
AVS
P
G G
P
I =I
= = Cng sut c ch t mch/Cng sut c ch t ngun.
Nhn thy rng biu thc
2
1
2
1
b a P
IN
= v cng sut c ch t mch P
AVN
l
cng sut c truyn t mch n ti phi hp lin hp.

11 12
21 22
S S
S S
(
(
(
(

b
2
b
1
a
1
a
2
Z
S
V
S
Z
L
P
L
P
inc
S
I
L
I
OUT
I
IN
I
Cc phng trnh li cng sut:
2 2
2
21 2 2
22
1 1
1 1
S L
T
IN S L
G S
S
I I
=
I I I
(G
T
tnh theo
IN
I )
2 2
2
21 2 2
11
1 1
1 1
S L
T
S OUT L
G S
S
I I
=
I I I
(G
T
tnh theo
OUT
I )
*
2
2
21
2 2
11
1
1
1 1
L
OUT
S
A T
S OUT
G G S
S
I =I
I
= =
I I

( )
( )
2 2
21
2 2
22
1
1 1
L
L L A A
P T
IN A IN IN
IN L
S
P P P P
G G
P P P P
S
I
= = = =
I I

L
L
IN
S
S S
S
I
I
+ = I
22
21 12
11
1

S
S
OUT
S
S S
S
I
I
+ = I
11
21 12
22
1

V d,
Mt mch khuch i RF c cc thng s sau
0
11
0, 3 70 S = Z ;
0
21
3, 5 85 S = Z ;
0
12
0, 2 10 S = Z ;
0
22
0, 4 45 S = Z
Ng vo ca mch khuch i c k ni vi mt ngun 5 0
o
s
V = Z v 40
s
Z = O
Ng ra l anten c tr khng 73
anten
Z = O; gi s cc thng s S c o vi tr
khng c tnh
0
50 Z = O.
Xc nh
(a). G
T
, G
A
, G
P
(b). Cng sut truyn n ti P
L
, cng sut c ch P
A
v cng sut sng ti P
inc
.

Phi hp tr khng cho mch khuch i
S mch khuch i c phi hp tr khng
| | S
0
0 Z
S
V
0
Z
S
I
IN
I
OUT
I
L
I
0
Z
Mach
PHTK vao
Mach
PHTK ra

Mc ch ca vic phi hp tr khng truyn cng sut cc i t ngun n ti.
C nhiu cch phi hp tr khng:
- Dy chm ( stub ).
- Mch I thun hoc I ngc.
- Balun
- ng truyn vi di.
li cng sut t cc i khi transistor c phi hp tr khng ng, ta c:
( ) 1
2
12
21
= K K
S
S
G
P

Vi :
2 2 2
11 22
12 21
1
2
S S
K
S S
+ A
=
v
21 12 22 11
S S S S = A

21 12
2
22
2
11
2
2
1
S S
S S
G
T
A +
=
S n nh ca mch khuch i
Trong b khuch i l tng S
12
= 0 do mch khuch i n nh v iu kin.
Nu S12 = 0, cc h s phn x vo, ra vi Z
L
, Z
S
bt k nh sau:
S
S
S
S
OUT
L
L
L
L
IN
S
S
S
S S
S
S
S
S
S S
S
I
AI
=
I
I
+ = I
I
AI
=
I
I
+ = I
11
22
11
21 12
22
22
11
22
21 12
11
1 1
1 1

mch n nh v iu kin cc bt ng thc sau y tha mn ng thi:
1 < I
in
v 1 < I
out

Do
1
2
1
21 12
2
22
2
11
2
>
A +
=
S S
S S
K
Khi K > 1 th linh kin c th lm vic vi bt c ngun no v ti th ng no m
khng s b dao ng.
Khi K < 1 phi tm hai vng trn kho st s n nh ti v ngun cho BJT/FET.
Vng trn n nh i vi ngun :
Tm
2 2
11
2
11 22
2
11
22 11
) (
S
S S
S
S S
C
S
A
A
=
A
A
=
- - - -

Bn knh
2 2
11
21 12
A
=
S
S S
R
S

Vng trn n nh i vi ti :
Tm
2 2
22
2
22 11
2
22
11 22
) (
S
S S
S
S S
C
L
A
A
=
A
A
=
- - - -

Bn knh
2 2
22
21 12
A
=
S
S S
R
S

Trn th Smith, ta xc nh cc vng trn trn tm phn n nh cho mch.
H s nhiu
nh gi ch tiu k thut v nhiu ca phn t khuch i, nh ngha h s
nhiu F l t s gia tn hiu trn nhiu ng vo vi t s tn hiu trn nhiu ng ra.
Xt trng hp 2 tng khuch i:
1
2
1
1
G
F
F F

+ =
Nhn thy rng h s nhiu tng cng F l do h s nhiu F
1
ca tng u quyt
nh, do khi thit k mch khuch i nhiu tng, cn phi quan tm n nhiu
ca tng u tin sao cho mch c h s nhiu b nht.
i vi mt tng khuch i, cng thc tnh h s nhiu theo h s phn x:
( )
2
2 2
0
1 1
n S L
MIN
S
R
F F
I I
= +
I + I

trong
0
Z
Z
R
n
n
= v Z
0
= 50O.
Cc thng s F
min
, R
n
,
0
do nh sn xut cho bit.
Mch khuch i nhiu thp LNA (Low Noise Amplifier)
Ti u vo ca cc thit b thu, tn hiu t anten xung s c khuch i nh
khi LNA, cht lng ca khi LNA s nh hng rt ln n cht lng ca tn
hiu cn thu. Nhim v ca khi LNA l khuch i tn hiu ln a n b
Mixer, ng thi hn ch mc nhiu sao cho thp nht.
Cc ch tiu k thut ca khi LNA :
- Tng nhy.
- H s tp m thp ( t s S/N cao ).
- H s nhiu : 1,5 4dB.
- m bo bng thng mong mun ( chn lc cao).
Phng php
a) Chn mch khuch i dng FET hoc BJT c dng phn cc ICQ v VCE nh
(phn cc lp A).
b) Thit k mch phi hp u vo v ra c h s phm cht Q cao ( chn lc
cao- khuch i cng hng.
c) Chn h s phn x u vo (I
IN
) nm trong vng c F ~ fmin.
d) Chn h s phn x u ra (I
OUT
) sao cho cng sut truyn n ti l ln nht.
M hnh cho mch khuch i nhiu thp
| | S
0
0 Z
S
V
0
Z
S
I
IN
I
OUT
I
L
I
0
Z
Mach
PHTK vao
Mach
PHTK ra

min
S
F F =
I = I (Cho h s nhiu thp)
OUT L OUT
S
S S
S I = I
I
I
+ = I
0 11
0 21 12
22
1

Mch khuch i cng sut cc i (max gain)
Ti u ra ca my pht, tn hiu trc khi pht i s qua b khuch i cng sut.
Mc ch ca b khuch i ny l khuch i tn hiu ln mc cng sut cn thit
pht i.
Qu trnh thit k mch khuch i Max gain :
a. Chn BJT (FET) c mc cng sut max ln hn mc cng sut ra cn thit k.
b. T BJT (FET) chn, da vo thng s ma trn [S] ca BJT (FET) tnh ton
cc h s phn x vo v ra nh sau:
21 12 22 11
S S S S = A
2 2
22
2
11 1
1 A + = S S B
*
22 11 1
S S C A =
2 2
11
2
22 2
1 A + = S S B
*
11 22 2
S S C A =
c. H s phn x vo v ra tng ng:
1
2
1
2
1 1
2
4
C
C B B
S

= I
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
4
C
C B B
L

= I
Lun c 2 nghim cho
S
I (vo) v
L
I (ra)
Chn
S
I v
L
I sao cho 1 < I
S
v 1 < I
L

C c h s phn x ta tnh c tng dn chun ha:
S
S
S
Y
I +
I
=
1
1

L
L
L
Y
I +
I
=
1
1

T tnh ton phi hp theo th Smith hay dng gii thut a vo Matlab
tnh phi hp.
M hnh mch khuch i Max gain:
| | S
0
0 Z
S
V
0
Z
S
I
IN
I
OUT
I
L
I
0
Z
Mach
PHTK vao
Mach
PHTK ra

*
1
2
1
2
1 1
2
4
IN S
C
C B B
I =

= I
*
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
4
OUT L
C
C B B
I =

= I
V d,
Thit k mch khuch i cao tn s dng GaAs FET hat ng tn s f = 6Ghz
vi li cng sut chuyn i ln nht. Cc thng s S ca transistor c o
im phn cc tuyn tnh V
DS
=4V, v I
DS
=0.5I
DSS.

0
11
3 . 171 641 . 0 Z = S
0
12
3 . 16 057 . 0 Z = S
0
21
5 . 28 058 . 2 Z = S
0
22
7 . 95 572 . 0 Z = S

0
0 Z V
O 50
176 . 0
169 . 0
615 . 0
O 50
185 . 0
Hnh 3.7.2 S oac cua mach khuech ai cao tan GaAsFET. Tat
cacac ng dai hep cotrkhang ac tnh O 50

Chuong 4 - Ma Tran Tan Xa - SV

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