H m nh ph n

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2. H M NH PH N
1. Khi nim h m & h m nh phn
Cc ch s c bn ca mt h m l cc ch s ti thiu biu din mi s trong h m y.
V d:
H thp phn c cc ch s c bn l 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
H nh phn c cc ch s c bn l 0, 1.
c bit h thp lc phn c cc ch s c bn c k hiu l 0,.., 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. Nu mt s c gi tr
ln hn cc s c bn th n s c biu din bng cch t hp cc ch s c bn theo cng thc sau :

X = an a n-1 ... a1 a0 = anbn + an-1bn-1 +... + a1b + a0

(*)

Vi b l c s h m, a0, a1, a2,...., an l cc ch s c bn

X l s h m c s b.
V d:
H thp phn cho X = 123 th X = 1 * 102 + 2 * 101 + 3 vi b=10
H nh phn cho X = 110 th X = 1 * 22 + 1 * 21 + 0 vi b=2
2. Chuyn i gia cc h m
Qui tc 1
chuyn i mt s t h thp phn sang h c c s b (b

10) ta p dng cch lm sau :

Ly s thp phn chia cho c s b cho n khi phn thng ca php chia bng 0, s i c
chnh l cc phn d ca php chia theo th t ngc li.
V d
cho X = 610 ngha l X = 6 trong h thp phn th X s c i thnh 1102 trong
h nh phn.
Cch i nh hnh sau

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H m nh ph n

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Qui tc 2
chuyn i mt s t h c s b v h thp phn ta s sng cng thc (*)
V d
vi X = 1102 th X= 1 * 22 + 1 * 21 + 0 = 6.
Bng chuyn i gia h nh phn, thp lc phn v thp phn nh sau
Thp phn
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Nh phn
0
1
10
11
100
101
110
111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111

Thp lc phn
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

Qui tc 3
chuyn s t h nh phn v h thp lc phn ta thc hin nh sau :
Nhm ln lt 4 bit t phi sang tri, sau thay th cc nhm 4 bit bng gi tr tng ng vi
h thp lc phn (tra theo bng chuyn i trn).

7/9/2012 3:22 PM

H m nh ph n

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V d
X = 1110112 = 3B16
Qui tc 4
chuyn s t h thp lc phn sang h nh phn ta thc hin nh sau: ng vi mi ch s s
c biu din di dng 4 bit.
V d
X = 3B16 = 001110112= 1110112

7/9/2012 3:22 PM