T LIU LM THI TUYN SINH I HC NHNG BI TP HAY. KH CP NHT: 24-7-2011 I.

C ch di truyn v bin (10) 8-2-2

Cu 1. Mt gen m ho lin tc vi khun m ho loi prtin A, sau khi b t bin iu khin tng hp phn t prtin B. Phn t prtin B t hn prtin A mt axit amin v c 3 axit amin mi. Gi s khng c hin tng d tha m, th nhng bin i xy ra trong gen t bin l: A. B thay th 15 cp nucltit. B. Mt 3 cp nucltit v thay th 12 cp nucltit. C. Mt 3 cp nucltit thuc phm vi 4 cdon lin tip nhau trn gen. D. Mt 3 cp nucltit thuc phm vi 5 cdon lin tip nhau trn gen. Gii V d Khi cha gb t binATG XAG TAA GXX.(mch 1) .TAX GTX ATT XGG.(mch 2) Mt 3 cp nucltit thuc phm vi 4 cdon lin tip nhau trn gen. Sau khi mt 3 cp nu GX; AT; XG cu trc m s thy i ATX AGT AGX.(mch 1) TAG TXA TXG .....(mch 2) Cu 2. 1 gen c 3 alen: alen A1 m ha cho enzim E1 xc tc cho qu trnh tng hp sc t , alen A2 tng hp 1 loi enzim ko c hot tnh; alen A3 tng hp protein B l protein gy cht. Enzim E1 c th gi tc phn ng mc bnh thng ngay c khi nng n gim xung mt na. Dng t bin no sau y c gi l t bin ln? A. t bin A1 thnh A2 B. t bin A2 thnh A3 C. t bin A1 thnh A3 D. t bin A2 thnh A1 Gii A2 tng hp 1 loi enzim ko c hot tnh, v vy A2 xm nh mt alen ln. Nn t bin A1 thnh A2 c gi l t bin ln Cu 3 Mt loi c b NST 2n= 24, c bao nhiu loi giao t bnh thng c to ra t qu trnh gim phn ca cc t bin th ba (2n+1) loi ny? A. 2^11 B. 2^12 C. 2^ 24 D. 2^ 23 Cu 4: C th c kiu gen cho ra bao nhiu loi giao t, nu CD v (cd) lin kt hon ton cn AB (ab) c hon v v khng phn li trong k sau II? A. 8. B. 12. C. 16. D. 24 GIAI a. Xet cap gen (AB//ab) Dau // the hien 2 NST tronh cung cap dong dang chua 2 cap gen AB & ab O pha G1 tu nhan doi thanh (AB//AB) va (ab//ab) 1

Do trao doi cheo o ky truoc 1 nen co hoan vi gen. Ket qua lan phan bao giam phan I cho 4 loai te bao co bo NST n kep nhu sau (AB//aB) & (Ab//ab) hoac (AB//Ab) & (aB//ab) Vi khng phn li trong k sau II nen ket thuc ky sau 2 se cho cac kieu giao tu: (AB//aB) ; (Ab//ab) ; (AB//Ab) ; (aB//ab) => 4 kieu - Xet cap gen CD//cd: Vi lien ket hoan toan nen cho 2 kieu giao tu CD = cd. Vay so kieu giao tu = 4 x 2 = 8 {(AB//aB) : (Ab//ab): (AB//Ab): (aB//ab)} { CD : cd} = (AB//aB)CD : (Ab//ab)CD: (AB//Ab)CD: (aB//ab)CD :(AB//aB)cd : (Ab//ab)cd: (AB//Ab)cd: (aB//ab)cd Cu 6: gii ci mt loi ng vt (2n = 24), trong bn cp NST ng dng c cu trc ging nhau, gim phn c trao i cho n xy ra 2 cp NST, s loi giao t ti a l A. 1024. B. 4096. C. 16384. D. 16. Gii: C 4 cp ng dng c cu trc ging nhau, vy cn li c 8 cp ng dng c cu trc khc nhau. c s loi giao t ti a (theo yu cu ca ) th bt buc trong gim phn c trao i cho n xy ra 2 trong s 8 cp ng dng c cu trc khc nhau; khng xy ra trao i cho n 2 trong s 4 cp ng dng c cu trc ging nhau Vy s kiu giao t khc nhau v thnh phn NST ca b m l: 42 x 2(8-2) = 42 x 26 = 24 x 26 =1024 . Chn p n A Cu 7:Trong qu trnh dch m tng hp chui polypeptit, axit amin th (p+1) c lin kt vi axit amin th p ca chui pooly peptit hnh thnh lin kt pptt mi hp bng cch: A. Gc COOH ca axit amin th p+1 kt hp vi nhm NH2 ca axit amin th p. B. Gc COOH ca axit amin th p kt hp vi nhm NH2 ca axit amin th p+1. C. Gc NH2 ca axit amin th p+1 kt hp vi nhm COOH ca axit amin th p. D. Gc NH2 ca axit amin th p kt hp vi nhm COOH ca axit amin th p+1. Cu 8: Tt c cc loi ARNt u c mt u gn axit amin khi vn chuyn to thnh aminoacyltARN l u c 3 ribnucltit ln lt: A. .XXA-3OH B. .AXX-3OH C. .XXA-5P D. AXX-5P Cu 9: Chiu c m di truyn m gc, m sao v i m ln lt nh sau: A. 3OH->5P; 5P->3OH; 3OH->5P. B. 3P->5OH; 5OH->3P; 3P->5OH. B. 5P->3OH; 3OH->5P; 3OH->5P. C. 3OH->5P; 5P->3OH;5P->3OH. Cu 10- Cho b NST 2n = 4 k hiu AaBb (A, B l NST ca b; a, b l NST ca m). C 200 t bo sinh tinh i vo gim phn bnh thng hnh thnh giao t, trong : - 20% t bo sinh tinh c xy ra hin tng bt cho ti 1 im cp nhim sc th Aa, cn cp Bb th khng bt cho. - 30% t bo sinh tinh c xy ra hin tng bt cho ti 1 im cp nhim sc th Bb, cn cp a th khng bt cho. - Cc t bo cn li u c hin tng bt cho ti 1 im c 2 cp nhim sc th Aa v Bb S t bo tinh trng cha hon ton NST ca m khng mang gen trao i cho l: A. 50 B. 75 C. 100 D. 200 2

Cu 11. ngi c s chuyn on tng h xy ra gia NST s 13 v NST s 18 .T bo gim phn sinh giao t s c ti a bao nhiu loi giao t khc nhau v ngun gc b m ca 2 cp NST ny. A. 8 B. 16 C. 20 D. 24 1. Gii ca HS : xt 2 NST k hiu: 13+13- 18+18- (du + l NST ca b. du l NST ca m) Sau khi chyn on tng h s cho t bo c b NST 4 kh nng sau: (a) 13+*13- 18+*18- ; trao i gia 13+ v 18+ (b) 13+*13- 18+18-*; trao i gia 13+ v 18(c) 13+13-* 18+*18-; trao i gia 13- v 18+ (d) 13+13-* 18+18-* trao i gia 13- v 18Vi kh nng (a) khi gim phn s cho 4 kiu giao t 13+*18+*; 13+*18- ; 13- 18+*; 13- 18- ; Vi kh nng (b) khi gim phn s cho 4 kiu giao t 13+*18+; 13+*18-*; 13- 18+; 13- 18-*; Vi kh nng (c) khi gim phn s cho 4 kiu giao t 13+18+*; 13+18-; 13-* 18+*; 13-* 18-; Vi kh nng (d) khi gim phn s cho 4 kiu giao t 13+18+; 13+18-*; 13-* 18+; 13-* 18-*; Vy s cho ti a 4+4+4+4 =16 kiu giao t 2. P N (ca Dng) Quy c cp NST s l A v a ;cp NST s 13 l B v b. chuyn on gia cp 18 v 13 : 1. A chuyn on vi B to ra 2 NST mi l : AB v BA k gia ca gim phn NST c dng AABaa BBAbb To ra 4 giao t bnh thng : AB ;Ab ;aB ;ab 5 giao t t bin : AB BA ;AB B ;AB b ;ABA ; aBA ; 2.A chuyn on vi b to ra 2 NST mi l : Ab v bA To ra 5 giao t t bin mi 3 .a chuyn on vi b to ra 2 NST mi l : aB v bA (SAI) a chuyn on vi b to ra 2 NST mi l ab v ba (NG) To ra 5 giao t t bin mi 4. a chuyn on vi B to ra 2 NST mi l : aB v BA To ra 5 giao t t bin mi 3

Vy tng s giao t c tao ra l : 5 x 4 + 4 = 24 p n D :24 + 1 BUI NHU. 3. p n ca T Quy c cp NST s 18 l A v a ;cp NST s 13 l B v b. chuyn on gia cp 18 v 13 : 1. A chuyn on vi B to ra 2 NST mi l : AB v BA k trc I ca gim phn NST c dng: AABaa BBAbb k gia I ca gim phn NST c 2 kh nng Trn: {AABBBA {AABbb Di: {aa bb ; {aa BBA k cui I s c 4 kh nng: AABBBA, AABbb, aa bb; aa BBA k cui II s c: : AABBBA =>AB, ABA, ABB, ABBA, AABbb => Ab, ABb aa bb => ab A aa BB => aB, aBA Kt qu: To ra 4 giao t bnh thng : AB ;Ab ;aB ;ab V 5 giao t t bin : AB BA ;AB B ;AB b ;ABA ; aBA 2.A chuyn on vi b to ra 2 NST mi l : Ab v bA k trc I ca gim phn NST c dng: AAbaa BB bbA k gia I ca gim phn NST c 2 kh nng Trn: {AAbBB {AAbbbA Di: {aa bbA ; {aa BB k cui I s c 4 kh nng: AAbBB, AAbbbA, aa bbA ; aa BB k cui II s c: : AAbBB => AB, AbB AAbbbA => Ab, AbA, Abb,AbbA aa bbA => ab, abA aa BB => aB Kt qu: To ra 4 giao t bnh thng : AB ;Ab ;aB ;ab (trng vi 1) V 5 giao t t bin : AbB, AbA, Abb,AbbA , abA 3 . a chuyn on vi b to ra 2 NST mi l : ab v ba k trc I ca gim phn NST c dng: AAaab BB bba k gia I ca gim phn NST c 2 kh nng Trn: {AA BB {AA bba Di: {aab bba ; {aab BB k cui I s c 4 kh nng: AA BB, aab bba, AA bba, aab BB k cui II s c: : AA BB => AB aab bba => a b, aba , ab b, ab ba AA bba => Ab, Aba aab BB => aB, ab B Kt qu: To ra 4 giao t bnh thng : AB ;Ab ;aB ;ab (trng vi 1) V 5 giao t t bin : aba , ab b, ab ba , Aba, ab B 4. a chuyn on vi B to ra 2 NST mi l : aB v Ba To ra 5 giao t t bin mi Vy tng s giao t c tao ra l : 5 x 4 + 4 = 24 p n D :24 Cu 12. mt sinh vt nhn s, on u gen cu trc c trnh t cc nucltit trn mch b sung l 5...ATGTXXTAXTXTATTXTAGXGGTXAAT...3 Tc nhn t bin lm cp nucl ootit th 16 G - X b mt th phn t prtein tng ng c 4

tng hp t gen t bin c s axit amin l a 5. b 4. c 9. d 8 B SUNG 5'...ATG TXX TAX TXT ATT M GC 3'...TAX AGG ATG AGA TAA 123 456 789101112 131415 ARNm 5' AUG UXX UAX UXU AUU XTA GXG GTX AAT...3 GAT XGX XAG TTA...5' 161718 UAG XGG UXA AU

V t bin dch khung nn xut hin b UAG l b kt thc, do phn t prtein (hon chnh) tng ng c tng hp t gen t bin c s axit amin l 4 Cu 13. 33/ Ht phn ca loi A c 8 nhim sc th, t bo r ca loi B c 24 nhim sc th. Cho giao phn gia loi A v loi B c con lai F1. C th F1 xy ra a bi ha to c th lai hu th c b nhim sc th trong t bo giao t l a 20. b 16. c 32. d 40. 58/ Trn mARN axit amin Asparagin c m ha bi b ba 5'GAU3' (b sung ), tARN mang axit amin ny c b ba i m l a 3XUA 5. b 3 XTA 5. c 5 XUA 3. d 5 XTA3' II.Tnh quy lut ca hin tng di truyn (10) 8-2-2

Cu 1. 1 loi thc vt, khi cho cc cy hoa t th phn, i con thu c 56,25% cy hoa : 37,5% cy hoa tm: 6,25% cy hoa trng. Ngi ta ly ht phn ca cc cy hoa F1 th phn cho cc cy hoa trng F1, t l kiu hnh thu c F2 l: A. 9 hoa : 6 hoa tm: 1 hoa trng B. 4 hoa : 4 hoa tm: 4 hoa trng C.1 hoa : 2 hoa tm: 1 hoa trng D. 2 hoa : 1 hoa tm: 1 hoa trng Gii (P)2 -> F1 = 56,25% cy hoa : 37,5% cy hoa tm: 6,25% cy hoa trng. = 9 cy hoa : 6 cy hoa tm: 1 cy hoa trng. Suy ra tng tc b tr: A-bb, aaB- = hoa tm; A-B- = hoa ; aabb = hoa trng Kiu gen ca P : AaBb Kiu gen ca F1 = 1AABB: 2AABb: 1Aabb : 2AaBB: 4AaBb: Aabb: 1aaBB: 2aaBb: 1aabb Kiu gen nhng cy hoa F1: 4AaBb : 2AaBB: 2aaBb: 1AABB Khi choht phn cc cy hoa F1 th phn vi cc cy hoa trng F1 ta c s lai trong qun th: 4/9 (AaBb x aabb) + 2/9 (AaBB x aabb) +2/9 (ABb x aabb) + 1/9 (AABB x aabb) 4/9(AaBb:Aabb: aaBb: aabb) + 2/9(AaBb: aaBb) + 2/9(AaBb:Aabb) +1/9AaBb = 1/9 AaBb: 1/9Aabb: 1/9aaBb: 1/9aabb: 1/9AaBb: 1/9 aaBb + 1/9AaBb:1/9Aabb +1/9AaBb = 4/9 AaBb : 2/9 Aabb: 2/9aaBb: 1/9aabb = 4 : 4 tm: 1 trng p n sai trt lt. Cu 2 Cho bit gen A tri hon ton so vi gen a trng; sc sng tham gia th tinh hnh thnh hp t ca giao t mang gen A gp i giao t mang gen a; sc sng ca hp t v ca phi pht trin thnh c th con mang gen AA = 100%, mang gen Aa = 75%, mang gen aa = 50%. B v m mang gen d hp th t l kiu hnh ca i con F1 (mi sinh) s l: A. 7 A- : 1 aa B. 7 A- : 2 aa C: 14 A-: 1aa D. 15 A-: 1aa Cu 3 5

C 1 c th mang 2 cp gen cho 4 kiu giao t t l bng nhau. Nu c th t phi th i con F1 s c s nhm kiu gen l: A. 9 B. 10 C. 9 hoc 10. D. 16 Cu 4 V trt t khong cch gia 3 gen A, B v C ngi ta nhn thy nh sau: A------------20-----------------B---------11----------C. H s trng hp l 0,7. Abc abc Nu P : x th % kiu hnh khng bt cho ca F1: aBC abc A. 70,54% B. 69% C. 67,9% D. khng xc nh c Gii: Abc abc X aBC abc Abc aBC F1: = = Kiu hnh khng bt cho abc abc abC ABc = = Kiu hnh bt cho kp abc abc abc ABC = = Kiu hnh bt cho I (Ab/aB) abc abc AbC aBc = = Kiu hnh bt cho II (bC/Bc) abc abc P: T l bt cho kp l thuyt: 20% x 11% = 2,2% T l bt cho kp thc t: 2,2% x 0,7 = 1,54% Khong ch gia 2 gen A v B l 20%. Khong cch ng vi t l cc c th c th xy ra bt cho gia cc gen A v B, trong cc c th c th bt cho n v cho kp. Nh vy bt cho n A/B l 20% = bt cho I + bt cho kp Suy ra bt cho I = 20% -1,54% =18,46% Tng t t l bt cho c th ci th xy ra bt cho gia B v C (bt cho II) Bt cho B/C l 11%-1,54% = 9,46% Vy tng s c th c th xy ra bt cho l : 18,46% + 9,46% + 1,54% = 29,46% Suy ra tng s cc th khng xy ra bt cho l : 100% - 29,46% = 70,54% Vy t l kiu gen, kiu hnh ca i con F1 l : Abc aBC F1: = = 70,54% /2 = 35,27% (Kiu hnh khng bt cho) abc abc abC ABc = = 1,54% /2 = 0,77% (Kiu hnh bt cho kp) abc abc abc ABC = = 18,46% /2 = 9,23% (Kiu hnh bt cho I-Ab/aB) abc abc AbC aBc = = 9,46% / 2 = 4,73% (Kiu hnh bt cho II-bC/Bc) abc abc 6

Cu 5 Ad BE Ad BE x aD be aD be Mi gen mi tnh tri hon ton, tn s hon v gen ca c th c v ci bng nhau: f1 (A/d) = 0,2, f2 (B/E) = 0,4; th i F1 c t l kiu hnh A-B-D-E- chim t l: A.30,09% B.42,75% C.56,25% D.75% Nu P : Cu 6 Cho bit chiu cao cy do 5 cp gen PLL tc ng cng gp. Nu P thun chng khc nhau n cp gen tng ng, i F2 c s c th c kiu hnh chiu cao trung bnh chim t l l: A. 252/1024 B. 1/8 C. 1/16 D. Cu 7 Cho bn gen nh sau: A..20..B..10..D Nu h s ph hp 0,8 th tn s hon v kp thc t l: A. B. C. D. Cu 8] i con F1 c 4 nhm kiu hnh phn ly theo t l vit di dng ti gin l a : b : c : d. Nu a + b + c + d = 2n (a, b, c, d, n l s nguyn ln hn 0) iu chng t A. Cc gen PLL B. Cc gen lin kt hon ton C. Cc gen hon v vi tn s c bit 1/2k (k l s nguyn) D. Cc gen PLL hoc gen lin kt hon ton hoc hon v vi tn s c bit 1/2k Cu 9. Trong php lai AaXBDY x AaXBDXbd, bit tn s hon v gen l 20%. Nu mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng v cc tnh trng di truyn theo quy lut tri hon ton th t l cc c th c (XY) c kiu hnh mang 3 tnh trng tri so vi tng s c th c c sinh ra i con l? A. 52,5% B. 15% C. 75% D. 30% Gii P: AaXBDY x AaXBDXbd ~ (Aa x Aa) (XBDY x XBDXbd ) F1 : (0,75 A-: 0,25aa) ( 0,2 XBDY: 0,2 XbdY : 0,05XBdY: 0,05 XbDY : 0,5XBD X??) Vy t l cc c th c (XY) c kiu hnh mang 3 tnh trng tri (A-XBDY) so vi tng s c th c c sinh ra i con l: (0,75 x 0,2)/ (0,75 x ) = 0,015/ 0,100 = 15% Cu 10: Kiu gen ca c chp khng vy l Aa, c chp c vy l aa. Kiu gen AA lm trng khng n. Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai gia cc c chp (P) khng vy s cho t l kiu hnh i F2 l A. l c chp khng vy : 2 c chp c vy. B. 3 c chp khng vy : l c chp c vy. C. 75% c chp khng vy : 25% c c vy. D. 4 c chp khng vy : l c chp c vy 7

Gii P: Aa (khng vy) x Aa (khng vy) F1: 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa V trng c kiu gen AA khng n c, nn F1: 2Aa (khng vy) : 1 aa (c vy) Tn s alen p (A) ca F1 = 2/6 = 1/3 Tn s alen q (a) ca F1 = 2/3 Vy F2 c: AA= (1/3)2 = 1/9 khng n Aa = 2. 1/3. 2/3 = 4/9 aa = (2/3)2 = 4/9 Vy i F2 c 1Aa : 1aa. p n sai trt lt. Cu 11: Cho cy hoa qu trn t th phn, ngi ta thu c i con c t l kiu hnh phn li: 510 cy hoa , qu trn: 240 cy hoa , qu di: 242 cy hoa trng, qu trn: 10 cy hoa trng, qu di. T kt qu ca php lai ny, kt lun no c rt ra l ng A. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu trn cng thuc 1 NST B. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu di cng thuc 1 NST C. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu trn lin kt khng hon ton D. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu trn lin kt hon ton Gii: P: (, trn)2 F1: 510 , trn: 240 , di: 242 trng, trn: 10 trng, di. = 510/1002 , trn: 240/1002 , di: 242/1002 trng, trn: 10/1002 trng, di ~ 51% , trn: 24% , di: 24% trng, trn: 1% trng, di Xt mu sc: F1 = (510 + 240) : (242 + 10) trng ~ 3 : 1 trng Xt hnh dng: F1= (510 + 242) trn: (240 + 10) di ~ 3 trn : 1 di Ta thy F1 mu sc x F1 hnh dng = (3 : 1 trng) x (3 trn : 1 di) 51% , trn: 24% , di: 24% trng, trn: 1% trng, di Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu trn lin kt khng hon ton (hon v gen) Tn s hon v gen 0,2; kiu gen ca P l d hp t cho: Ab/aB Chn p n C. C th gii nhanh bng cahs s dng quy tc s T ca Nguyn T (xem file nh km) Cu 12. rui gim, tnh trng thn xm tri hon ton so vi tnh trng thn en, cnh di tri hon ton so vi cnh ngn. Cc gen quy nh mu thn v chiu di cnh cng nm trn 1 nhim sc th v cch nhau 40 cM. Cho rui gim thun chng thn xm, cnh di lai vi rui thn en, cnh ct; F1 thu c 100% thn xm, cnh di. Cho rui ci F1 lai vi rui thn en, cnh di d hp. F2 thu c kiu hnh thn xm, cnh ct chim t l a 20%. b 10%. c 30%. d 15%. Quy c: A: Xm, a: en; B: di, b: ct P: AB/AB thn xm, cnh di x ab/abthn en, cnh ct F1: AB/ab thn xm, cnh di Ci F1: AB/ab thn xm, cnh di x Gt Gt 0,5 aB Gt 8 0,5 ab c aB/abthn en, cnh di d hp

0,3 AB

0,15 AB/aB

0,15 AB/ab

0,2 Ab 0,2 aB 0,3 ab

0,1 Ab/aB 0,1 aB/aB 0,15 aB/ab

0,1 Ab/ab thn xm, cnh ct 0,1 aB/ab 0,15 ab/ab

Bi tp: Trong mt php lai th ci thun chng c mu mt v lng dng hoang di vi th c c mu mt m v lng xm, ngi ta thu c F1 tt c u c mu mt v lng hoang di. Cho cc th ci F1 giao phi vi nhau th thu c F2 c t l phn li kiu hnh nh sau: Tt c th ci F2 u c mt v lng hoang di. Cc th c F2 c t l phn li kiu hnh nh sau: 45% mt v lng mu hoang di. 45% mt mu m v lng mu xm 5% mt mu hoang di v lng mu xm. 5% mt mu m v lng mu hoang di. Hy gii thch kt qu trn v vit s lai t P n F2. Bit rng mi gen quy nh mi tnh trng. GII Tm tt : Pt/c: ci mt v lng dng hoang di X c mt m v lng xm F1: 100% mt v lng hoang di. F1 X F1 -> F2: -Th ci: mt v lng hoang di. -Th c; 45% mt v lng mu hoang di. 45% mt mu m v lng mu xm 5% mt mu hoang di v lng mu xm. 5% mt mu m v lng mu hoang di. (% tnh theo gii) Hay: Pt/c: ci mt v lng dng hoang di X c mt m v lng xm F1: 100% mt v lng hoang di. F1 X F1 -> F2: -50% th ci mt v lng hoang di. 45%/2 = 22,5% th c mt v lng mu hoang di. 9

45%/2 = 22,5% th c mt mu m v lng mu xm 5%/2 =2,25% th c mt mu hoang di v lng mu xm. 5%/2 =2,25% 5%/2 =2,25% mt mu m v lng mu hoang di. (% tnh theo tng th c 2 gii) BC 1: Tch ring tng tnh xt km theo gii tnh: a. Xt mu mt km theo gii tnh: Pt/c: ci mt hoang di X c mt m F1: 100% mt hoang di. F1 X F1 -> F2: -Th ci: mt hoang di. -Th c: 45% + 5% mt mu hoang di: 45% + 5% mt mu m = 50% mt mu hoang di: 50% mt mu m (% theo gii) Tnh theo tng th ta c F2: 2 ci: mt mu hoang di : 1 c mt mu hoang di: 1 c mt mu m Ta thy trong cng mt th h con lai F2 m c, ci biu hin kiu hnh khc nhau, chng t mu mt di truyn LKGT. Nu tch ring mu mt ta thy F2 = 3 mt mu hoang di: 1 mt mu m Suy ra mu mt hoang di l tri (A) so vi mu mt m (a) V th con c l XY con ci l XX, nn ta c kiu gen ca P, F1, F2 v mu sc mt: Pt/c: XAXA F1: XAXa : XAYa? F2: 1 XAXA : 1 XAXa : 1 XAYa? : 1 XaYa? 2 ci mu mt hoang di : 1 ci mu hoang di : 1 ci mu mt m b. Xt mu lng km theo gii tnh: Pt/c: ci lng dng hoang di X c lng xm F1: 100% lng hoang di. F1 X F1 -> F2: -Th ci: lng hoang di. -Th c: (45% + 5%) lng mu hoang di : (45% + 5%) lng mu xm. Lp lun tng t s di truyn ca mu mt, ta rt ra c kt lun: Mu lng cng di truyn LKGT. Mu lng hoang di l tri (B) so vi mu lng xm (b) Kiu gen ca P, F1, F2 v mu lng: Pt/c: XBXB F1: XBXb : XBYb? F2: 1 XBXB : 1 XBXb : 1 XBYb? : 1 XbYb? 10 x XbYb? x XaYa?

2 ci mu lng hoang di : 1 ci mu lng hoang di : 1 ci mu lng xm BC 2: Kt lun kiu gen ca P v 2 tnh Ta thy, khi xt v 2 tnh mu mt v mu lng, kiu gen ca p l Pt/c: XABXAB F1: XABXab x XabYab? ( Ch Y c th mang hoc khng mang gen ab x XABYab?

Nu NST Y c mang gen ab, th n phi nm trn on tng ng ca cp XY, c bt cho xy ra tng ng v con dc F1 cng cho nhiu loi giao t: XAB XAb = Xab = XaB = YAB = = YAb = Yab YaB = (1-f)/2 = f/2

Vy con ci F2 s phn tnh nh con c F2 Chng t gen AB; ab ch nm trn NST X m khng nm trn NST Y Ta c kiu gen ca P: Pt/c: XABXAB F1: XABXab x XabY x XABY ca con

Gi f l tn s hon v gen gia 2 cp gen AB/ab nm trn cp NST XX ch cho 2 kiu giao t = XAB = Y =1/2 F2: 1/2 XABX?? : (1-f)/2 XABY : (1-f)/2 XabY : f/2 XAbY : f/2 XaBY Ta c f/2 = 5%/2 => f= 5% Kt lun: Mu mt hoang di (A) > mu mt m (a) Mu lng hoang di (B) > mu lng xm (b) Kiu gen ca Pt/c: XABXAB S lai kim chng: (Em t lm) x XabY Hon v gen tn s 5% xy ra th ci F1

Ci F1; cn con c F1 trn on XY khng tng ng th khng th xy ra bt cho, nn con c F1

III.Di truyn hc qun th (3) 3-0-0 Em c c hc 1 s cng thc v ng dng qui lut di truyn ca Menden vo Ton qun th, nhng em ko hiu my cng thc c t u. Thy gii thch gim em vi: 1. Tn s alen ca c th c v ci trong qun th p = {p(ci) + p(c)}/2 2. C t bin gen: x l tn s t bin thun y l tn s t bin nghch Sau 1 th h th: tn s tng i alen tri l p' = p + (yq - xp) q' = q + (xp - yq) 3. Di- nhp gen: Qun th A c 1 nhm c th c kch thc nhm nhp c (ngha l g) l m, di c sang qun th B, t qun th B chuyn thnh qun th C, th: pC = pB - m( pB - pA) 4. Xy ra chn lc t nhin 11

* Tn s alen sau 1 th h chc lc s l h s chc lc alen th: q' = {q(1 - sq)} / (1 - s.q^2) * Nu KG ng hp ln gy cht th sau 1 th h chn lc th: q' = q/(1+q) * Nu trong qun th cc th d hp u th hn c th ng hp th tn s alen ln ca qun th trng thi cn bng l: q' = s/ (s + s') s: h s chn lc ca c th ng hp tri s' h s chn lc ca c th ng hp ln Cu 1: Trong mt qun th bm gm 900 con, tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng nhanh ca mt enzim p = 0,7 v tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng chm q = 0,3. C 90 con bm t qun th ny nhp c n mt qun th c q = 0,8. Tn s alen ca qun th mi l A. p = 0,7 v q = 0,3. B. p = 0,75 v q = 0,25. C. p = 0,25 v q = 0,75. D. p = 0,3 v q = 0,7. Gii: Ta c: Gi qun th 1 l qun th gm 900 con, tn s alen p'A = 0,7, q'a = 0,3. Qun th 2 l qun th c 90 con bm t qun th 1n nhp c c q''a = 0,8 v p''A = 0,2 Gi N l s c th qun th 1, M l s c th qun th 2 ban u khi cha xut, nhp c. S c th qun th 1 xut c l 90 = 90/900 = 10%N = 0,1N Tn s kiu gen ca qun th 1 p'2AA : 2. p'.q'Aa : q'2aa = 0,49AA : 0,42Aa : 0,09aa S cc th qun th 1 xut c tng ng tng kiu gen: AA = 0,49 x 0,1N = 0,049N Aa = 0,42 x 0,1N = 0,042N aa = 0,09 x 0,1N = 0,009N Tn s kiu gen ca qun th 2 khi ch c nhp c: p''2AA : 2. p''.q'' Aa : q''2aa = 0,04AA : 0,32Aa : 0,64aa S cc th qun th 2 ban u tng ng tng kiu gen: AA = 0,04M; Aa = 0,32M, aa = 0,64M Tng s c th ca qun th 2 sau khi c nhp c: M + 0,1N S cc th qun th 2 tng ng tng kiu gen sau khi c nhp c: AA = 0,04M + 0,049N Aa = 0,32M + 0,042N aa = 0,64M + 0,009N Vy tn s kiu gen ca qun th 2 sau khi c nhp c l: pA = {2 (0,04M + 0,049N) + 0,32M + 0,042N}/2 (M + 0,1N) = (0,4M + 0,14N)/2 (M + 0,1N) = = (0,2M + 0,07N)/(M + 0,1N) = = (0,2M + 0,07 x 900)/(M + 0,1 x 900) = (0,2 M + 63)/(M + 90) pA = (0,2M + 63)/(M + 90) qa = (0,8M + 17)/(M + 90) => pA/qa = (0,2M + 63)/(0,8M + 17) V khng bit c M l bao nhiu nn khng th tnh pA v qa. Vy sai Cu 2: ngi, bnh m mu do mt alen ln nm trn NST gi tnh X quy nh. Xt mt qun th mt hn o c 100 c th trong c 50 ph n v 50 n ng, hai ngi n ng b bnh m mu. Nu qun th trng thi cn bng th tn s ngi ph n bnh thng mang gen gy bnh l A. 4%. B. 7,68%. C. 96%. D. 99,84%. 12

Gii: Kiu gen ca n b: X X : X X : X X Kiu gen n ng: XAY: XaY Gi p1 l tn s alen A , q1 l tn s alen a ca n ng Gi p2 l tn s alen A , q2 l tn s alen a ca n b Gi p l tn s alen A , q l tn s alen a ca qun th ngi Qun th trng thi cn bng di truyn nn p1 = p2, q1 = q2 p = p1/3 + 2p2/3 = 3p1/3 = 3p2/3 = p1 = p2 q = q1/3 + 2q2/3 = 3q1 /3 = 3q2/3 = q1 = q2 Ta c tn s kiu gen trong qun th n ng: p2XAXA : 2pqXAXa : q2XaXa n b: pXAY: qXaY Suy ra: q = 2/50 = 0,04 => p = 1- 0,04 = 0,96 Vy tn s ngi ph n bnh thng mang gen gy bnh l: 2pq XAXa = 2 x 0,96 x 0,04 =0,0768 = 7,68% Cu 3. 1 qun th ngu phi, xt 2 gen: gen th nht c 3 alen, nm trn on ko tng ng ca NST gii tnh X, gen th 2 c 5 alen, nm trn NST thng, trong trng hp ko xy ra t bin, s kiu giao phi ti a c th xy ra trong qun th l: A. 18225 B. 1500 C. 4050 D. 1350 Gii Xt gen th nht c 3 alen A, a1, a2 nm trn on ko tng ng ca NST gii tnh X. Kiu gen XX: 6 kiu gen = XAXA, Xa1Xa1, Xa2Xa2, XAXa1, XAXa2; Xa1Xa2 Kiu gen XY: 3 kiu gen = XAY; Xa1Y; Xa2Y Xt gen th hai c 5 alen B, B1, B2, B3, B4 nm trn NST thng. Mi gii u c t hp ca 5 phn t chp 2 c lp kiu gen = t hp ca 6 phn t chp 2 khng lp kiu gen = 15. Xt c 2 cp gen th c th XX c 6 x 15 = 90 kiu gen khc nhau, c th Xy c 3 x 15 = 45 kiu gen khc nhau Vy c kiu giao phi ti a c th xy ra trong qun th l= 90 x 45 = 4050 Cu 4 Cho bit gen A quy nh mt , gen a quy nh mt trng, gen nm trn NST X, gii c l XY. mt qun th cn trng ngu phi, gii c c 10% con mt trng, gii ci c 1% con mt trng, cn li l nhng con mt . T l kiu gen chung c hai gii: A. 0,45 XAY : 0,05 XaY : 0, 405 XAXA : 0,09 XAXa : 0,005 XaXa B. 0,9 XAY : 0,1XaY : 0,81 XAXA : 0,18 XAXa : 0,01 XaXa C. 0,45 XAY : 0,05 XaY : 0,81 XAXA : 0,18 XAXa : 0,01 XaXa D.0,9 XAY : 0,1XaY : 0, 405 XAXA : 0,09 XAXa : 0,005 XaXa Cu 5 Mt qun th c tn s alen A l 0,6. Gi s ban u qun th ang t trng thi cn bng di truyn. Sau mt s th h giao phi thy tn s kiu gen aa l 0,301696. Bit trong qun th xy ra ni phi vi h s l 0,2. Tnh s th h giao phi? Gii 13
A A A a a a

Tn s alen a l 0,4. Do qun th t trng thi cn bng nn cu trc ca qun th l: 0,301696AA+ 0,48Aa + 0,16aa = 1. Sau mt s th h giao phi, tn s aa l: 0,301696 => Tn s kiu gen aa tng l: 0,301696 - 0,16 = 0,141696 => Tn s Aa gim l: 0,141696 x 2 = 0,283392. Tn s Aa sau n th h giao phi l: 2pq(1 - f)n = 0,48(1 - f)n = 0,48.0,8n Tn s Aa gim l: 0,48 0,48.0,8n = 0,283392 n = 4. Vy h s giao phi l 4. Cu 6 Cho 2 qun th 1 v 2 cng loi, kch thc ca qun th 1 gp i qun th 2. Qun th 1 c tn s alen A = 0,3, qun th 2 c c tn s alen A = 0,4. Nu c 10% c th ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 th tn s alen A ca qun th 2 s l: A. 0,3833 B. 0,3933 C. 0,3733 D. 0,3633 Cu 7 Cho 2 qun th 1 v 2 cng loi, kch thc ca qun th 1 gp i qun th 2. Qun th 1 c tn s alen A = 0,3, qun th 2 c c tn s alen A = 0,4. Nu c 10% c th ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 v 20% c th ca qun th 2 di c qua qun th 1 th tn s alen A ca 2 qun th 1 v qun th 2 ln lt l: A. 0,35 v 0,4 B. 0,3 v 0,4 C. 0,4 v 0,3 D. bng nhau = 0,35 Cu 8 Bnh m mu - lc ngi lin kt vi gii tnh. Mt qun th ngi trn o c 50 ph n v 50 n ng trong c hai ngi n ng b m mu - lc. Tnh t l s ph n mang gen bnh. A. 7,68% B. 7,48% C. 7,58% D. 7,78% Hng dn: Vy tn s alen ln gy bnh m mu - lc l q = 4% Tn s n ng mc bnh l: 2/50 = 0,04 Tn s alen tri p l 1 0,04 = 0,96 Vy tn s ph n mang gen bnh l: 2pq = 2 (0,04) (0,96) = 0,0768 hay 7,68% Cu 9 Chng ta cng i tm li gii cho bi ton "Hon v gen trong qun th" Gi s th h xut pht P c 100% s c th c kiu gen d hp t cng bn (AB/ab) v tn s hon v gen l 20%. Bit rng mi din bin ca NST t bo sinh tinh v sinh trng l nh nhau; mi gen mi tnh, tri hon ton; sc sng ca giao t, ca hp t l nh nhau; khng chu p lc ca t bin. Tm t l kiu gen, t l kiu hnh ca i con F1, F2,..., Fn. Xt trong 2 trng hp: a) T phi nghim ngt. b) Ngu phi. T tm cng thc tng qut khi tn s hon v gen bng f . 14

Cu 10 Cho 2 qun th 1 v 2 cng loi, kch thc ca qun th 1 gp i qun th 2. Qun th 1 c tn s alen A = 0,3, qun th 2 c c tn s alen A = 0,4. Nu c 10% c th ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 v 20% c th ca qun th 2 di c qua qun th 1 th tn s alen A ca 2 qun th 1 v qun th 2 ln lt l: A. 0,35 v 0,4 B. 0,31 v 0,38 C. 0,4 v 0,3 D. bng nhau = 0,30 GII Gi N l s lng c th ca qun th 2, vy s lng cc th ca qun th 1 l 2N. -Tn s alen ban u ca qun th 1: p1A = 0,3, q1a = 0,7 -T l kiu gen ca qun th 1 khi cha di nhp: 0,09AA: 0,42Aa: 0,49 aa - S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 1 l: AA = 0,09 x 2N = 0,18N Aa = 0,42 x 2N = 0,84N aa = 0,49 x 2N = 0,98N -S lng c th ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 l: 2N x 10% = 0,2N. -Trong s lng tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 l: AA = 0,18N x 0,1 = 0,018N Aa = 0,84N x 0,1 = 0,084N aa = 0,98N x 0,1 = 0,098N -Tn s alen ban u ca qun th 2: p2A = 0,4, q2a = 0,6 -T l kiu gen ca qun th 2 khi cha di nhp: 0,16AA: 0,48 Aa: 0,36 aa -S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 2 khi cha di nhp l: AA = 0,16 N Aa = 0,48 N aa = 0,36 N S lng c th ca qun th 2 di c qua qun th 1 l: N x 20% = 0,2N. Trong s lng tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 2 di c qua qun th 1 l: AA = 0,16N x 0,2 = 0,032N Aa = 0,48N x 0,2 = 0,096N aa = 0,36N x 0,2 = 0,072N Kt qu sau ln di nhp th nht: - Qun th 1: S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca mi qun th 1 sau ln di, nhp u tin: AA = 0,18N - 0,018N + 0,032N = 0,194N Aa = 0,84N - 0,084N + 0,096N = 0,852N aa = 0,98N - 0,098N + 0,072N = 0,954N Vy tn s alen ca qun th 1 sau ln di, nhp u tin: p'1 = {(2 x 0,194N) + 0,852N}/2N x 2 = (0,388N + 0,852N)/4N = 1,24N/4N = 0,31 q'1 = 1 - 0,31 = 0,69 - Qun th 2: S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca mi qun th 2 sau ln di, nhp u tin: AA = 0,16N - 0,032N + 0,018N = 0,146N Aa = 0,48N - 0,096N + 0,084N = 0,468N aa = 0,36N - 0,072N + 0,098N = 0,386N Vy tn s alen ca qun th 2 sau ln di, nhp u tin: p'2 = {(2 x 0,146N) + 0,468N}/2N = (0,292N + 0,468N)/2N = 0,76N/2N = 0,38 q'2 = 1-0,38 = 0,62 Cu 11. Trong mt qun th, 90% alen locut Rh l R. Alen cn li l r. Bn mi tr em ca qun th ny i n mt trng hc nht nh. Xc sut tt c cc em u l Rh dng tnh s l: 15

A. 400^81 B. 0,99^40 C. 40^0,75 D. 1 0,81^40 Cu 12: mui st xut huyt Aedes aegypti, b gy bnh thng c mu trng c. Tnh trng mu sc thn b gy do mt gen trn nhim sc th thng quy nh. Mt t bin ln gen ny lm cho thn b gy c mu en. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta cho giao phi ngu nhin 100 cp mui b m, thu c 10000 trng v cho n thnh 10000 b gy, trong s c 100 b gy thn en. Do mun loi b t bin ny ra khi qun th, ngi ta loi b i tt c cc b gy thn en. Gi s rng khng c t bin mi xy ra. Tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l A. p = 0,91 v q = 0,09. B. p = 0,90 v q = 0,10. C. p = 0,80 v q = 0,20. D. p = 0,81 v q = 0,19. Gii: Gi gen A: trng c; gen a: en P: 100 ci ? X 100 c? F1: 10000 b trong c 100 b thn en aa Gi p l tn s alen A, q l tn s alen a trong qun th b gy F1 khi cha loi b gy thn en aa: Ta c q2 = 100/10.000 = 1/100 => q = 0,1; p = 0,9 Tn s kiu gen ca qun th F1 khi cha loi b gy thn en aa: p2AA : 2.p.q Aa : q2 aa = 0,92 AA : 2 x 0,9 x 0,1 Aa : 0,12 aa = 0,81 AA : 0, 18 Aa : 0,01 aa Tn s kiu gen ca qun th mui F1 khi loi b b gy thn en aa l: 0,81/ (0,81 + 0,18) AA : 0,18 / (0,81 + 0,18) Aa = 0,81/0,99 AA : 0,18/0,99 Aa Vy tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l: p'A = {(2 x 0,81) + 0,18}/ (2 x 0,99) = (1,62 + 0,18) / 1,98 = 1,8/1,98 = 0,90909090 = 0,91 q'a = 0,18/1,98 =0,09090909... = 0,09 Vy chn p n A Cu 14. Qun th c cu trc 0.4 AABb: 0.4AaBb : 0.2aabb qun th t phi sau 3 th h tnh t l c th mang gen ng hp tri ? Gii: P0: 0,4 AABb: 0,4AaBb : 0,2aabb V cc gen PLL nn ta c th xem P: (0,4 AA: 0,4Aa : 0,2aa) (0,8Bb : 0,2 bb) Vi A,a t th phn c F3 c: 0,4 AA + 0,2 aa + 0,4 [{1-(1/2)3}/2 AA + (1/2)3 Aa + {1-(1/2)3}/2 aa] = 0,4 AA + 0, 2 aa + 0,4 ( 7/16 AA + 1/8 Aa + 7/16 aa) = 0,4 AA + 0,2 aa + 2,8/16 AA + 0,4/8 Aa + 2,8/16 aa = (0,4 + 0,175) AA + (0,2 +0,175) aa + 0,05 Aa = 0,575 AA + 0,050Aa + 0,375 aa Vi B,b t th phn c F3 c: 0,8 [{1-(1/2)3}/2 BB + (1/2)3 Bb + {1-(1/2)3}/2 bb] + 0,2 bb = 0,8 ( 7/16 BB + 1/8 Bb + 7/16 bb) +0,2 bb = 0,35 BB + 0,1 Bb + 0,35 bb + 0,2 bb = (0,35 BB + 0,1 Bb + 0,2 bb) Vy F3 mang gen ng hph tri l: 0,575 AA x 0,35 BB = 0,575 x 0,35 AABB = 0.20125 AABB= = 20,125% AABB Cu 15: Qun th c kiu gen 0.2AABb : 0.2AaBb : 0.3aaBB : 0.3aabb. Nu qun th ngu phi th th t l ng hp ln sau 1 th h l ? Tn s alen A: p = [(0,2 x 2) + (0,2 x 1)]/2 = 0,3 Tn s alen a: q = 1-0,3 = 0,7 Tn s alen B: p = [(0,2 x 1) + (0,2 x 1) +(0,3 x 2)]/2 = 0,5 16

Tn s alen b: q = 1-0,5 = 0,5) F1 ta c: (0,09AA: 0,42 Aa : 0,49 aa) (0,25BB :0,5 Bb : 0,25 bb) = Vy t l ng hp ln sau 1 th h l: 0,49 x 0,25 = 0.1225 = 12,25% IV.ng dng di truyn hc (4) 3-1-1

Cu 1. ci to ging heo Thuc Nhiu nh Tng, ngi ta dng con c ging i Bch lai ci tin vi con ci tt nht ca ging a phng. Nu ly h gen ca c i Bch lm tiu chun th th h F4 t l gen ca i Bch trong qun th l: A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 87,5%. D. 93,25%. Gii F1: 1/2 B + 1/2TNT F2: 3/4 B + 1/4TNT F3: 7/82 B + 1/8TNT F4: 15/16 B + 1/16TNT Nu ly h gen ca c i Bch lm tiu chun th th h F4 t l gen ca i Bch trong qun th l: 15/16 = 0.9375 % Khng c p n no trng c. +++++ Cu 2: chuyn 1 gen ca ngi vo vi khun Ecoli nhm to ra nhiu sn phm ca gen ngi trong t bo vi khun ngi ta phi ly mARN ca gen ngi cn chuyn cho phin m ngc thnh ADN ri mi gn ADN ny vo plasmid v chuyn vo vi khun. Ngi ta cn phi lm nh vy l v: A. Gen ca ngi qu ln nn khng vo c t bo vi khun B. Nu khng lm nh vy th gen ca ngi khng th phin m c trong t bo vi khun C. Nu khng lm nh vy th gen ca ngi khng th dch m c trong t bo vi khun D. Nu khng lm nh vy th sn phm ca gen s khng bnh thng, khng c gi tr s dng

V.Di truyn hc ngi

(3)

2-1-1

Cu 1: ngi, bnh m mu do mt alen ln nm trn NST gi tnh X quy nh. Xt mt qun th mt hn o c 100 c th trong c 50 ph n v 50 n ng, hai ngi n ng b bnh m mu. Nu qun th trng thi cn bng th tn s ngi ph n bnh thng mang gen gy bnh l A. 4%. B. 7,68%. C. 96%. D. 99,84%. Gii: Kiu gen ca n b: XAXA : XAXa : XaXa Kiu gen n ng: XAY: XaY Gi p1 l tn s alen A , q1 l tn s alen a ca n ng Gi p2 l tn s alen A , q2 l tn s alen a ca n b Gi p l tn s alen A , q l tn s alen a ca qun th ngi Qun th trng thi cn bng di truyn nn p1 = p2, q1 = q2 p = p1/3 + 2p2/3 = 3p1/3 = 3p2/3 = p1 = p2 q = q1/3 + 2q2/3 = 3q1 /3 = 3q2/3 = q1 = q2 Ta c tn s kiu gen trong qun th n ng: p2XAXA : 2pqXAXa : q2XaXa n b: pXAY: qXaY Suy ra: q = 2/50 = 0,04 => p = 1- 0,04 = 0,96 Vy tn s ngi ph n bnh thng mang gen gy bnh l: 2pq XAXa = 2 x 0,96 x 0,04 =0,0768 = 7,68% 17

Cu: Cho P thun chng giao phn thu c F1: 100% hoa , cho F1 t th phn thu F2: 9 hoa : 7 hoa trng. Chn ngu nhin 2 cy hoa thuc th h lai F2 cho giao phn, tnh xc sut thu c th h F3 cy hoa ng hp v cc gen ln. Gii Ta c mu sc di truyen do 2 cp gen tng tc b tr: A-B-: ; A-bb, aaB-, aabb: Trng F1: AaBb F2: 1AABB: 2AaBB: 1aaBB: 2AABb: 4AaBb: 2aaBb: 1AAbb: 2Aabb: 1aabb i F2 hoa gm 4 loi kiu gen khc nhau: 1/9 AABB: 2/9 AaBB: 2/9 AABb: 4/9 AaBb Mun F3 c aabb th chn b m F2 c kiu gen AaBb Xc sut chn 2 cy F2 hoa c kiu gen AaBb l: (4/9)2 Xc sut F2 mang gen AaBb cho ra F3 c kiu gen aabb l 1/16 Vy xc sut "Chn ngu nhin 2 cy hoa thuc th h lai F2 cho giao phn, thu c th h F3 cy hoa ng hp v cc gen ln" l : (4/9)2 x 1/16 = (16/81) x (1/16) = 1/81

VI.Bng chng tin ho

(1)

1-0-0

VII.C ch tin ho

(7)

5-2-2

Cu 1: Trong mt qun th bm gm 900 con, tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng nhanh ca mt enzim p = 0,7 v tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng chm q = 0,3. C 90 con bm t qun th ny nhp c n mt qun th c q = 0,8. Tn s alen ca qun th mi l A. p = 0,7 v q = 0,3. B. p = 0,75 v q = 0,25. C. p = 0,25 v q = 0,75. D. p = 0,3 v q = 0,7. Gii: Ta c: Gi qun th 1 l qun th gm 900 con, tn s alen p'A = 0,7, q'a = 0,3. Qun th 2 l qun th c 90 con bm t qun th 1n nhp c c q''a = 0,8 v p''A = 0,2 Gi N l s c th qun th 1, M l s c th qun th 2 ban u khi cha xut, nhp c. S c th qun th 1 xut c l 90 = 90/900 = 10%N = 0,1N Tn s kiu gen ca qun th 1 p'2AA : 2. p'.q'Aa : q'2aa = 0,49AA : 0,42Aa : 0,09aa S cc th qun th 1 xut c tng ng tng kiu gen: AA = 0,49 x 0,1N = 0,049N Aa = 0,42 x 0,1N = 0,042N aa = 0,09 x 0,1N = 0,009N Tn s kiu gen ca qun th 2 khi ch c nhp c: p''2AA : 2. p''.q'' Aa : q''2aa = 0,04AA : 0,32Aa : 0,64aa S cc th qun th 2 ban u tng ng tng kiu gen: AA = 0,04M; Aa = 0,32M, aa = 0,64M Tng s c th ca qun th 2 sau khi c nhp c: M + 0,1N S cc th qun th 2 tng ng tng kiu gen sau khi c nhp c: AA = 0,04M + 0,049N Aa = 0,32M + 0,042N aa = 0,64M + 0,009N Vy tn s kiu gen ca qun th 2 sau khi c nhp c l: pA = {2 (0,04M + 0,049N) + 0,32M + 0,042N}/2 (M + 0,1N) = (0,4M + 0,14N)/2 (M + 0,1N) = 18

= (0,2M + 0,07N)/(M + 0,1N) = = (0,2M + 0,07 x 900)/(M + 0,1 x 900) = (0,2 M + 63)/(M + 90) pA = (0,2M + 63)/(M + 90) qa = (0,8M + 17)/(M + 90) => pA/qa = (0,2M + 63)/(0,8M + 17) V khng bit c M l bao nhiu nn khng th tnh pA v qa. Vy sai Cu 3: T mt qun th ca 1 loi cy c tch ra thnh 2 qun th ring bit. Hai qun th ny ch tr thnh hai loi khc nhau trong trng hp no: A. gia chng c s sai khc v thnh phn kiu gen B. gia chng c s khc bit ng k v cc c im hnh thi C. gia chng c s khc bit v tn s alen D. gia chng c s khc bit ng k v thi gian ra hoa Gii: V khc nhau v tn s alen s dn n khc nhau v tn s kiu gen, cn khc nhau v tn s kiu gen ch chc khc nhau v tn s alen. Tn s elen l vn gen ca qun th. Mt qun th trng thi cn bng v 1 gen gm 2 alen A v a, trong P(A) = 0,4. Nu qu trnh chn lc o thi nhng c th c kiu gen aa xy ra vi p lc S = 0,02. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th sau khi xy ra p lc chn lc: A. 0,1612 AA: 0,4835 Aa: 0,3551 aa B. 0,16 AA: 0,48 Aa: 0,36 aa C. 0,1613 AA: 0,4830 Aa: 0,3455 aa D. 0,1610 AA: 0,4875 Aa: 0,3513 aa VII.S pht sinh v pht trin s sng trn Tri t (2) 2-0-0 Cu 1: S sng u tin trn tri t ch c hnh thnh khi c s xut hin ca: A. mt cu trc c mng bao bc, c kh nng trao i cht, sinh trng v t nhn i B. mt cu trc c mng bao bc, bn trong c cha AND v protein C. mt tp hp cc i phn t gm AND, protein, lipit D. mt cu trc c mng bao bc, c kh nng trao i cht v sinh trng

IX.Sinh thi hc c th (1) 1-0-0 0 Bi 1. Su xm hi ng c im gy cht gii hn di l 9,60C, gii hn trn l 42 C. Thi gian trung bnh ca mt chu k sng l 42 ngy. 1/ Xc nh tng nhit hu hiu v s la trn 1 nm ca loi su trn. Bit nhit MT l 23,60C. 2/ Xc nh s la/nm nu nhit MT l 260C. Gii Theo gi thit "Su xm hi ng c im gy cht gii hn di l 9,60C" suy ra ngng nhit pht trin l 9,60C. 1/ Xc nh tng nhit hu hiu v s la trn 1 nm ca loi su trn. Bit nhit MT l 23,60C. Ta c cng thc: T = (x-k)n x = nhit mi trng; k = ngng nhit pht trin; n= s ngy ca 1 chu k sng sinh vt T = (23,6 - 9,6)42 = 14 x 42 = 5880C/ngy -Tng nhit hu hiu T= 5880C/ngy -S la trong nm: 365/42 = 8,69 la 19

2/ Xc nh s la/nm nu nhit MT l 260C. Ta c: 588 = (26 - 9,6) n Suy ra n = 35,85 ngy S la trong nm: 365: 35,85 = 10,18 la. Ch cho bit nhit im gy cht gii hn di l 9,60C, gii hn trn l 420C t ta i tm ngng nhit pht trin

X. Sinh thi hc qun th

(2.5)

2-1-0

XI. Qun x sinh vt (2,5) 2-0-1 Cu 1.Trong qun x,nhm loi no tuy c thng gp v phong ph thp nhng li c vai tr lm tng tnh a dng cho qun th? A. loi c trng B. loi u th C. loi th yu D. loi ngu nhin

XII. H sinh thi, sinh quyn v bo v mi trng

(4) 50

3-1-1

047: Cho 2 qun th 1 v 2 cng loi, kch thc ca qun th 1 gp i qun th 2. Qun th 1 c tn s alen A = 0,3, qun th 2 c c tn s alen A = 0,4. Nu c 10% c th ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 v 20% c th ca qun th 2 di c qua qun th 1 th tn s alen A ca 2 qun th 1 v qun th 2 ln lt l: A. 0,35 v 0,4 B. 0,31 v 0,38 C. 0,4 v 0,3 D. bng nhau = 0,30 GII Gi N l s lng c th ca qun th 2, vy s lng cc th ca qun th 1 l 2N. -Tn s alen ban u ca qun th 1: p1A = 0,3, q1a = 0,7 -T l kiu gen ca qun th 1 khi cha di nhp: 0,09AA: 0,42Aa: 0,49 aa - S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 1 l: AA = 0,09 x 2N = 0,18N Aa = 0,42 x 2N = 0,84N aa = 0,49 x 2N = 0,98N -S lng c th ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 l: 2N x 10% = 0,2N. -Trong s lng tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 1 di c qua qun th 2 l: AA = 0,18N x 0,1 = 0,018N Aa = 0,84N x 0,1 = 0,084N aa = 0,98N x 0,1 = 0,098N 20

-Tn s alen ban u ca qun th 2: p2A = 0,4, q2a = 0,6 -T l kiu gen ca qun th 2 khi cha di nhp: 0,16AA: 0,48 Aa: 0,36 aa -S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 2 khi cha di nhp l: AA = 0,16 N Aa = 0,48 N aa = 0,36 N S lng c th ca qun th 2 di c qua qun th 1 l: N x 20% = 0,2N. Trong s lng tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca qun th 2 di c qua qun th 1 l: AA = 0,16N x 0,2 = 0,032N Aa = 0,48N x 0,2 = 0,096N aa = 0,36N x 0,2 = 0,072N Kt qu sau ln di nhp th nht: - Qun th 1: S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca mi qun th 1 sau ln di, nhp u tin: AA = 0,18N - 0,018N + 0,032N = 0,194N Aa = 0,84N - 0,084N + 0,096N = 0,852N aa = 0,98N - 0,098N + 0,072N = 0,954N Vy tn s alen ca qun th 1 sau ln di, nhp u tin: p'1 = {(2 x 0,194N) + 0,852N}/2N x 2 = (0,388N + 0,852N)/4N = 1,24N/4N = 0,31 q'1 = 1 - 0,31 = 0,69 - Qun th 2: S lng c th tng ng vi tng kiu gen ca mi qun th 2 sau ln di, nhp u tin: AA = 0,16N - 0,032N + 0,018N = 0,146N Aa = 0,48N - 0,096N + 0,084N = 0,468N aa = 0,36N - 0,072N + 0,098N = 0,386N Vy tn s alen ca qun th 2 sau ln di, nhp u tin: p'2 = {(2 x 0,146N) + 0,468N}/2N = (0,292N + 0,468N)/2N = 0,76N/2N = 0,38 q'2 = 1-0,38 = 0,62 021: V trt t khong cch gia 3 gen X, Y v Z ngi ta nhn thy nh sau: X------------------20-----------------Y---------11----------Z. H s trng hp l 0,7. Nu P : (Xyz/xYZ) x (xyz/xyz) th t l % kiu hnh khng bt cho ca F1 l: A. 70,54% B. 69% C. 67,9% D. khng xc nh c Gii: Gi f1, f2 ln lt l tn s trao i cho thc t ca 2 gen Xy/xY v yz/YZ. f1, f2 tnh theo%. Khong cch trn bn gen ca 2 gen Xy = f1 + f1.f2 Khong cch trn bn gen ca 2 gen yz = f2 + f1.f2 Ta c cng thc: - H s trng hp C = (tn s trao i cho kp thc t)/ (tn s trao i cho kp l thuyt) = O/E - Tn s trao i cho l thuyt l: E = f1.f2 - Khong cch thc t trn bn gen ca 2 gen = (tn s trao i cho n thc t ca 2 gen) + (tn s trao i cho kp thc t ca 2 gen) = f + O Vy ta c phng trnh: 0,7 = O/E . Suy ra O = 0,7E = 0,7 f1.f2 Vy ta c: 20 = f1 + O = f1 + 0,7 f1.f2 (1) => 0,7 f1.f2 = 20-f1 11 = f2 + O = f2 + 0,7 f1.f2 (2 )=> 0,7 f1.f2 = 11-f2 Kiu hnh khng bt cho ca F1 l kiu hnh do giao t bnh thng Xyz v xYZ kt hp vi giao t xyz thnh kiu hnh (Xyz/xyz) v (xYZ/xyz) T ta tnh c kt qu nh trn. 21

Ad BE Ad BE x aD be aD be Mi gen mi tnh tri hon ton, tn s hon v gen ca c th c v ci bng nhau: f(A/d) = 0,2, f(B/E) = 0,4; th i F1 c t l kiu hnh A-B-D-E- chim t l: A. 30,09% B. 42,75% C. 56,25% D. 75% Gii: Ad BE Ad BE Ad Ad BE BE P: x =P: ( x )( x ) aD be aD be aD aD be be Ad Ad - Vi P : x f(A/d) = 0,2 aD aD => F1: % aadd = % ad x % ad = 0,1 x 0,1 = 0,01 % A-dd = 0,25 - 0,01 = 0,24 % A-D- = 0,75 - 0,24 = 0,51 ( nh lut v php lai 2 cp gen d hp ca Nguyn T) BE BE - Vi P : x be be F1: % bbee = 0,3 x 0,3 = 0,09 % B-ee = 0,25 - 0,09 = 0,16 % B-E- = 0, 75 - 0,16 = 0,59 Ta c: % A-B-D-E- = (%A-D-) (%B-E-) = 0,51 x 0,59 = 0,3009 =30,09%

022: Nu P :

024: Cho bit mu sc qu di truyn tng tc kiu: A-bb, aaB-, aabb: mu trng; A-B-: mu . Chiu cao cy di truyn tng tc kiu: D-ee, ddE-, ddee: cy thp; D-E-: cy cao. Ad BE Ad BE P: x v tn s hon v gen 2 gii l nh nhau: f(A/d) = 0,2; f(B/E) = 0,4. aD be aD be i con F1 c kiu hnh qu , cy cao (A-B-D-E-) chim t l: A. 30,09% B. 20,91% C. 28,91% D. S khc Gii: Ad BE Ad BE Ad Ad BE BE P: x =( x )( x ) aD be aD be aD aD be be Tng t nh cu trn ta c % A-B-D-E- = (%A-D-) (%B-E-) = 0,51 x 0,59 = 0,3009 =30,09%

002: ngi c s chuyn on tng h xy ra gia NST s 13 v NST s 18. T bo gim phn sinh giao t s c ti a bao nhiu loi giao t khc nhau v ngun gc b m ca 2 cp NST ny. A. 8 B. 16 C. 20 D. 24 Gii Quy c cp NST s 18 l A v a ;cp NST s 13 l B v b. chuyn on gia cp 18 v 13 : 1. A chuyn on vi B to ra 2 NST mi l : AB v BA k trc I ca gim phn NST c dng: AABaa BBAbb k gia I ca gim phn NST c 2 kh nng Trn: {AABBBA {AABbb Di: {aa bb ; {aa BBA k cui I s c 4 kh nng: AABBBA, AABbb, aa bb; aa BBA k cui II s c: : AABBBA =>AB, ABA, ABB, ABBA, AABbb => Ab, ABb aa bb => ab 22

aa BBA => aB, aBA Kt qu: To ra 4 giao t bnh thng : AB ;Ab ;aB ;ab V 5 giao t t bin : AB BA ;AB B ;AB b ;ABA ; aBA 2.A chuyn on vi b to ra 2 NST mi l : Ab v bA k trc I ca gim phn NST c dng: AAbaa BB bbA k gia I ca gim phn NST c 2 kh nng Trn: {AAbBB {AAbbbA Di: {aa bbA ; {aa BB k cui I s c 4 kh nng: AAbBB, AAbbbA, aa bbA ; aa BB k cui II s c: : AAbBB => AB, AbB AAbbbA => Ab, AbA, Abb,AbbA aa bbA => ab, abA aa BB => aB Kt qu: To ra 4 giao t bnh thng : AB ;Ab ;aB ;ab (trng vi 1) V 5 giao t t bin : AbB, AbA, Abb,AbbA , abA 3 . a chuyn on vi b to ra 2 NST mi l : ab v ba k trc I ca gim phn NST c dng: AAaab BB bba k gia I ca gim phn NST c 2 kh nng Trn: {AA BB {AA bba Di: {aab bba ; {aab BB k cui I s c 4 kh nng: AA BB, aab bba, AA bba, aab BB k cui II s c: : AA BB => AB aab bba => a b, aba , ab b, ab ba AA bba => Ab, Aba aab BB => aB, ab B Kt qu: To ra 4 giao t bnh thng : AB ;Ab ;aB ;ab (trng vi 1) V 5 giao t t bin : aba , ab b, ab ba , Aba, ab B 4. a chuyn on vi B to ra 2 NST mi l : aB v Ba To ra 5 giao t t bin mi Vy tng s giao t c tao ra l : 5 x 4 + 4 = 24 p n D :24 023: Cho bit chiu cao cy do 5 cp gen PLL tc ng cng gp. Nu P thun chng khc nhau n cp gen tng ng, i F2 c s c th c kiu hnh chiu cao trung bnh chim t l l: A. B. 1/8 C. s khc D. Gii: Vi 5 cp gen tc ng cng gp th i F2 c t l kiu hnh tun theo h s ca cc s hng trong trin khai nh thc Newton (a+b)10. Vy ta c: C100: C101:C102:C103:C104 :C105 :C106: C107: C108: C109 :C1010 (c l t hp n phn t chp p khng lp; n =10; p = 0,1,2,...,10 . V khng c phn mn ton vit cng thc t hp) Ta c c th c kiu hnh chiu cao trung bnh chim t l (C105)/210 = (10!)/(5!)(10-5)! = (10.9.8.7.6) / 5.4.3.2 = 252/1024 = 0,24609375 ~ 1/4 V vy p n ng l C, cn gn ng l A. Sinh hc ly gn ng thi em ... 77777777777777 1,: Cho cy hoa , qu trn t th phn, ngi ta thu c i con c t l kiu hnh phn li: 510 cy hoa , qu trn: 240 cy hoa , qu di: 242 cy hoa trng, qu trn: 10 cy hoa trng, qu di. T kt qu ca php lai ny, kt lun no c rt ra l ng A. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu trn cng thuc 1 NST 23

B. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu di cng thuc 1 NST C. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu trn lin kt khng hon ton D. Alen qui nh mu hoa v alen qui nh qu trn lin kt hon ton

2:: chuyn 1 gen ca ngi vo vi khun Ecoli nhm to ra nhiu sn phm ca gen ngi trong t bo vi khun ngi ta phi ly mARN ca gen ngi cn chuyn cho phin m ngc thnh AND ri mi gn AND ny vo plasmid v chuyn vo vi khun. Ngi ta cn phi lm nh vy l v: A. Gen ca ngi qu ln nn khng vo c t bo vi khun B. Nu khng lm nh vy th gen ca ngi khng th phin m c trong t bo vi khun C. Nu khng lm nh vy th gen ca ngi khng th dch m c trong t bo vi khun D. Nu khng lm nh vy th sn phm ca gen s khng bnh thng, khng c gi tr s dng 3: T mt qun th ca 1 loi cy c tch ra thnh 2 qun th ring bit. Hai qun th ny ch tr thnh hai loi khc nhau trong trng hp no: A. gia chng c s sai khc v thnh phn kiu gen B. gia chng c s khc bit ng k v cc c im hnh thi C. gia chng c s khc bit v tn s alen D. gia chng c s khc bit ng k v thi gian ra hoa 4: S sng u tin trn tri t ch c hnh thnh khi c s xut hin ca: A. mt cu trc c mng bao bc, c kh nng trao i cht, sinh trng v t nhn i B. mt cu trc c mng bao bc, bn trong c cha AND v protein C. mt tp hp cc i phn t gm AND, protein, lipit D. mt cu trc c mng bao bc, c kh nng trao i cht v sinh trng 5. ci to ging heo Thuc Nhiu nh Tng, ngi ta dng con c ging i Bch lai ci tin vi con ci tt nht ca ging a phng. Nu ly h gen ca c i Bch lm tiu chun th th h F4 t l gen ca i Bch trong qun th l: A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 87,5%. D. 93,25%. Cu 14: Kiu gen ca c chp khng vy l Aa, c chp c vy l aa. Kiu gen AA lm trng khng n. Tnh theo l thuyt, php lai gia cc c chp (P) khng vy s cho t l kiu hnh i F2 l A. l c chp khng vy : 2 c chp c vy. B. 3 c chp khng vy : l c chp c vy. C. 75% c chp khng vy : 25% c c vy. D. 4 c chp khng vy : l c chp c vy

Cu 20: Mt gen m ho lin tc vi khun m ho loi prtin A, sau khi b t bin iu khin tng hp phn t prtin B. Phn t prtin B t hn prtin A mt axit amin v c 3 axit amin mi. Gi s khng c hin tng d tha m, th nhng bin i xy ra trong gen t bin l: A. B thay th 15 cp nucltit. B. Mt 3 cp nucltit v thay th 12 cp nucltit. C. Mt 3 cp nucltit thuc phm vi 4 cdon lin tip nhau trn gen. D. Mt 3 cp nucltit thuc phm vi 5 cdon lin tip nhau trn gen. 45: Mt qun th trng thi cn bng v 1 gen gm 2 alen A v a, trong P(A) = 0,4. Nu qu trnh chn lc o thi nhng c th c kiu gen aa xy ra vi p lc S = 0,02. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th sau khi xy ra p lc chn lc: A. 0,1612 AA: 0,4835 Aa: 0,3551 aa B. 0,16 AA: 0,48 Aa: 0,36 aa 24

C. 0,1613 AA: 0,4830 Aa: 0,3455 aa Gii:

D. 0,1610 AA: 0,4875 Aa: 0,3513 aa

- Qun th cn bng di truyn, nn ta c: pA + qa = 1 qa = 1 0,4 = 0,6 - Cu trc di truyn ca qun th cn bng l: (0,4)2AA + 2(0,4 x 0,6)Aa + (0,6)2aa = 1 0,16AA : 0,48Aa : 0,36aa -Sau khi chn lc th t l kiu gen aa cn li l: 0,36 (1 S) = 0,36(1 0,02) = 0,3528. Mt khc, tng t l cc kiu gen sau chn lc l: 0,16 + 0,48 + 0,36 (1 S) = 0,16 + 0,48 + 0,3528 = 0,9928 - Vy cu trc di truyn ca qun th khi xy ra chn lc l: (0,16/0,9928) AA : (0,48/0,9928) Aa : (0,3528/0,9928) aa 0.1612 AA : 0.4835 Aa : 0.3553 aa TR LI: Cu 15: mui st xut huyt Aedes aegypti, b gy bnh thng c mu trng c. Tnh trng mu sc thn b gy do mt gen trn nhim sc th thng quy nh. Mt t bin ln gen ny lm cho thn b gy c mu en. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta cho giao phi ngu nhin 100 cp mui b m, thu c 10000 trng v cho n thnh 10000 b gy, trong s c 100 b gy thn en. Do mun loi b t bin ny ra khi qun th, ngi ta loi b i tt c cc b gy thn en. Gi s rng khng c t bin mi xy ra. Tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l A. p = 0,91 v q = 0,09. B. p = 0,90 v q = 0,10. C. p = 0,80 v q = 0,20. D. p = 0,81 v q = 0,19. TR LI: Cu 2: Ngi ta lai cy c hoa vi cy c hoa trng v thu c F1ton cy c hoa . Cho cc cy F1 t th phn ngi ta thu c i F2 c t l phn li kiu hnh l 3 hoa : mt hoa trng. Sau ngi ta ly ngu nhin mt cy hoa cho t th phn. Xc sut cy ny cho ra ton hoa l bao nhiu? A.1/3 B.1/2 C. 1/9 D. 1/4 Cu 3. Mt ngi n ng bnh thng c b m bnh thng nhng c ngi em trai b bnh phninkt niu ly mt ngi v bnh thng sinh ra trong mt gia nh c b m bnh thng nhng c c em gi b bnh phninkt niu. Xc sut cp v chng ny sinh ra ngi con b bnh l bao nhiu A. 0,11 B. 0,25 C. 0,14 D. 0,32 Cu 4. Gi s trong mt qun th ngi, tn s ngi thun tay tri l 1%. Xc sut hai v chng 25

u thun tay phi sinh ra ngi con thun tay tri s l bao nhiu? Bit rng tnh trng thun tay phi l tri so vi tnh trng thun tay tri. A. 0,0160. B. 0,0081. C. 0,0018. D. 0,0025 Nu bn no qun tm ti bi tp xc sut cho k thi i hc 2010 hy gii i nh, mnh s trao i li gii v cc cu tip theo vi cc bn no quan tm. -----------------------------------------------Cu 1: Tnh trng bch tng ngi l tnh trng ln do gen a quy nh. Nu b m u d hp h sinh c 5 ngi con th kh nng h sinh 2 trai bnh thng, 2 gi bnh thng, 1 trai bch tng l bao nhiu Gii P: XXAa x XYAa (v gen nm trn NST thng) ~ (XX x XY) (Aa xAa) F1: (1/2XX : 1/2 XY) (3/4 A- : 1/4 aa) = 3/8 XXA-: 1/8XXaa: 3/8XYA-: 1/8XYaa H sinh 5 ngi con 5 ln sinh khc nhau, cng xem nh sinh 1 lc 5 ngi con khc trng (a sinh khc trng). - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai bnh thng l: p = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi bnh thng l: q = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai b bnh l: r = 1/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi b bnh l: s = 1/8 (0 p, q, r, s 1 ; p + q = 0,5; r = s = 0,5) Cu 1: Tnh trng bch tng ngi l tnh trng ln do gen a quy nh. Nu b m u d hp h sinh c 5 ngi con th kh nng h sinh 2 trai bnh thng, 2 gi bnh thng, 1 trai bch tng l bao nhiu Gii P: XXAa x XYAa (v gen nm trn NST thng) ~ (XX x XY) (Aa xAa) F1: (1/2XX : 1/2 XY) (3/4 A- : 1/4 aa) = 3/8 XXA-: 1/8XXaa: 3/8XYA-: 1/8XYaa H sinh 5 ngi con 5 ln sinh khc nhau, cng xem nh sinh 1 lc 5 ngi con khc trng (a sinh khc trng). - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai bnh thng l: p = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi bnh thng l: q = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai b bnh l: r = 1/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi b bnh l: s = 1/8 (0 p, q, r, s 1 ; p + q = 0,5; r = s = 0,5) - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai bnh thng l: p = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi bnh thng l: q = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai b bnh l: r = 1/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi b bnh l: s = 1/8 Vy h sinh c 5 ngi con th kh nng h sinh 2 trai bnh thng, 2 gi bnh thng, 1 trai bch tng l: 2 2 81 2430 13 3 1 chnh l C52 C32 C1 = 30. 15 = = 0.07415771484375 = 0,7415% 32768 2 8 8 8 Em nn p dng cng thc tnh h s ca trin khai (a+b+c+d)n q r s p H s ca apbqcrds l Cn Cn p Cn p q Cn p q r p = 2, q = 2, r = 1, s = 0 Cu 2: S lng NST ca 1 loi vi khun l: A.2n 26

B.1 C. 2 D.khng xc nh V vt liu di truyn ca vi khun l 1 phn t ADN dng vng, khng c histon. Cha hnh thnh NST. Cha c nhn chnh thc, nn s lng NST ca 1 loi vi khun l khng xc nh

Cu 3: Nhn t hn ch s giao phi t do gia cc qun th trong cng mt loi l A.cch li a l B.cch li di truyn C.cch li c hc D.cch li tp tnh Cu 4: Mt cp b m sinh bn ngi con 1 c nhm mu A, 1 c nhm mu B, 1 c nhm mu O, 1 c nhm mu AB. Xc sut cp b m trn sinh bn ngi con u nhm mu AB. A.0,390625% B.0,15625% C.1% D.0% Kiu gen ca b m l: IAio x IBio F1: 1/4 IAIB: 1/4 IAio: 1/4 IBio : 1/4 ioio Vy x sut sinh 4 ngi con c nhm mu AB l (1/4)4 = 1/64 Cu 5: Con mui ht mu ngi v cc ng vt khc th kiu quan h ny l k sinh - vt ch hay sinh vt n ny - n sinh vt khc Tr li: - Con mui ht mu ngi cngh con a , con vt ht mu ngi. khng phi l quan h k sinh - vt ch v co mui u c trong c th con ngi 100%. Con giun a, con sn x mt th sng k sinh trong c th ngi nn l quan h k sinh - vt ch. Nh vy con mui ht mu ngi v cc ng vt khc th kiu quan h ny khng phi l k sinh - vt ch m l quan h sinh vt n ny - n sinh vt khc. - Ring k sinh trng st rt plasmodium do mui truyn, n k sinh trong t bo hng cu, th k sinh trng ny v con ngi l quan h: k sinh - vt ch Why_Why_Why_150793@yahoo.com Cu 1: Tnh trng bch tng ngi l tnh trng ln do gen a quy nh. Nu b m u d hp h sinh c 5 ngi con th kh nng h sinh 2 trai bnh thng, 2 gi bnh thng, 1 trai bch tng l bao nhiu Gii P: XXAa x XYAa (v gen nm trn NST thng) ~ (XX x XY) (Aa xAa) F1: (1/2XX : 1/2 XY) (3/4 A- : 1/4 aa) = 3/8 XXA-: 1/8XXaa: 3/8XYA-: 1/8XYaa H sinh 5 ngi con 5 ln sinh khc nhau, cng xem nh sinh 1 lc 5 ngi con khc trng (a sinh khc trng). - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai bnh thng l: a = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi bnh thng l: b = 3/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con trai b bnh l: c = 1/8 - Xc sut ln sinh 1 con gi b bnh l: d = 1/8 Vi 5 ln sinh ta c: (a+b+c+d)5 = (a+b+c+d)3 (a+b+c+d)2 ng vi trin khai c s m a2b2c (a+b+c+d)5 = (a+b+c+d)3 (a+b+c+d)2 - Ta c: (a+b+c+d)3 = (a+b+c+d)2 (a+b+c+d) = 27

(a2+b2+c2+d2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2bd+2dc) (a+b+c+d) = a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c - Vy: (a+b+c+d)5 = (a+b+c+d)3 (a+b+c+d)2 = (a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (a2+b2+c2+d2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2bd+2dc) = (1) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (a2)] + (2) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + 2 3 a b+b +bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (b2)] + (3) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + 2 3 a b+b +bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (c2)] + (4) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (d2)] + (5) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2ab)] + (6) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + 2 3 a b+b +bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2ac)] + (7) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + 2 3 a b+b +bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2ad)] + (8) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2bc)] +

28

(9) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2bd)] + (10) [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2cd)] = [a5+a3b2+a3c2+a3d2+2a4b+2a4c+2a4d+2a3bc+2a3bd+2a3dc + a b+a b +a2bc2+a2bd2+2a3b2+2a3bc+2a3bd+2a2b2c (1)+2a2b2d+2a2bdc + a4c+a2b2c(2)+a2c3+a2cd2+2a3bc+2a3c2+2a3cd+2a2bc2+2a2bcd+2a2dc2+ a4d+a2b2d+a2c2d+a2d3+2a3bd+2a3cd+2a3d2+2a2bcd+2a2bd2+2a2d2c ] +
4 2 3

[a3b2+ab4+ab2c2+ab2d2+2a2b3+2a2b2c(3)+2a2b2d+2ab3c+2ab3d+2ab2dc + a b +b +b3c2+b3d2+2ab4+2ab3c+2ab3d+2b4c+2b4d+2b3dc + a2b2c(4)+b4c+b2c3+b2cd2+2ab3c+2b2ac2+2b2acd+2b3c2+2b3cd+2b2dc2 + a2b2d+b2d+b2c2d+b2d3+2ab3d+2b2acd+2b2ad2+2b3cd+2b3d2+2b2d2c] +

2 3 5

[a3c2+ab2c2+ac4+ad2c2+2a2bc2+2a2c3+2a2c2d+2abc3+2abc2d+2adc3 + a2bc2+b3c2+bc4+bc2d2+2ab2c2+2abc3+2abdc2+2b2c3+2b2c2d+2bdc3 + a2c3+b2c3+c5+c3d2+2abc3+2ac4+2ac3d+2bc4+2bc3d+2dc4 + a2c2d+b2c2d+c4d+c2d3+2abc2d+2ac3d+2ac2d2+2bc3d+2bc2d2+2d2c3] + [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (d2)] + [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc(5)+2abd+2adc + a b+b +bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc(6)+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc(7)+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2ab)] +
2 3

[(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a b+b +bc2+bd2+2ab2(8)+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2ac)] +

2 3

[(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2ad)] + [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b(9)+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b(10)+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2bc)] + [(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a b+b +bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2bd)] +
2 3

29

[(a3+ab2+ac2+ad2+2a2b+2a2c+2a2d+2abc+2abd+2adc + a2b+b3+bc2+bd2+2ab2+2abc+2abd+2b2c+2b2d+2bdc + a2c+b2c+c3+cd2+2abc+2ac2+2acd+2bc2+2bcd+2dc2 + a2d+b2d+c2d+d3+2abd+2acd+2ad2+2bcd+2bd2+2d2c) (2cd)] Ta c h s ca a2b2c = (1)+(2)+(3)+(4)+(5)+(6)+(7)+(8)+(9)+(10) = 2a2b2c (1)+a2b2c(2)+2a2b2c(3) +a2b2c(4)+[(2abc(5)+2abc(6)+2abc(7))(2ab)]+[2ab2(8) (2ac)]+[(2a2b(9)+ a2b(10)) (2bc)] = 2a2b2c (1) + a2b2c(2) + 2a2b2c(3) + a2b2c(4) + 4a2b2c(5) + 4a2b2c(6) + 4a2b2c(7) + 4a2b2c] + 4a2b2c(9) + 2a2b2c = 28 a2b2c Vy xc sut sinh 2 gi bnh thng, 2 trai bnh thng v 1 trai b bnh l: 28 x (3/8)2 x (3/8)2 x (1/8) ==2268/32768 =0.0692138671875 =6,92138671875% = Tha thy, thy ch em cch gii bi ny vi Bi 1: Cho cu trc di truyn ca qun th nh sau :0,4AABb : 0,4AaBb : 0,2 aabb. Ngi ta tin hnh cho qun th trn t th phn bt buc qua 3 th h .T l c th mang hai cp gen ng hp tri l bao nhiu? Gii: P: 0,4AABb : 0,4AaBb : 0,2 aabb V cc gen PLL nn ta c th xem P: (0,4AA : 0,4Aa : 0,2 aa) (0,4Bb : 0,4Bb : 0,2bb) = (0,4AA : 0,4Aa : 0,2 aa) (0,8Bb : 0,2bb) Vi cp gen

C 3 s lai t th phn P vi tn s nh sau: 0,4 (AABb x AABb) + 0,4 (AaBb x AaBb) + 0,2 ( aabb x aabb) F3 =

Bi 2 xt 3 gen lin kt theo trt t nh sau A 30 B 20 D . Mt c th d hp v 3 gen AbD/aBd c lai vi c th abd/abd, gi s rng tn s ca c th c trao i cho kp l tch cc tn s trao i cho n. T l kiu hnh A- B- D theo l thuyt l bao nhiu? Tha thy, em khng khng r v c ch trao i cho ti hai im ng thi v hai im khng ng thi l nh th no .Thy c chuyn bi dng v phn ny cho em hc hi vi ? Vo 07:09 Ngy 04 thng 5 nm 2011, tu nguyen <nguyentusgd@gmail.com> vit: C g cn trao i em gi E-mail cho thy.

EM L MT HC SINH KHI A,NN THY C TRNG EM T U T MN SINH,NHNG EM MUN THI I HC KHI B,XIN THY C C TH CH EM CCH LM CC BI TP NY,EM RT CM N QU THY C! Cu 4: rui gim, mu sc ca thn, chiu di ca cnh v mu sc ca mt u do mt gen gm 2 alen quy nh. Bit rng gen quy nh mu sc thn v gen quy nh chiu di cnh cng nm trn mt nhim sc th thng, gen quy nh mu mt nm trn nhim sc th gii tnh. S kiu gen ti a c trong qun th khi ch xt n 3 cp gen ny l 30

A. 27.

B. 30.

C. 45.

D. 50.

Cu 6: Mt th lc bi c kiu gen AAAaaa, trong qu trnh gim phn nu khng c trao i cho xy ra th cho bao nhiu t hp giao t tham gia th tinh? A. 3. B. 6. C. 20. D. 60. Cu 7: Cy t bi c kiu gen AAaaBBbb, trong qu trnh gim phn hnh thnh giao t nu khng c trao i cho xy ra th t l loi giao t AaBb trong nhng giao t tham gia th tinh l A. 16/36. B. 1/36. C. 4/6. D. 4/36. Cu 8: ng, th tam nhim khi gim phn cho 2 loi giao t, giao t d bi (n + 1) v giao t bnh thng (n). Ht phn d bi khng sc cnh tranh vi ht phn bnh thng nn khng tham gia th tinh, cn non d bi vn tham gia th tinh bnh thng. Nu R quy nh mu v r quy nh mu trng th t l kiu hnh i con trong trng hp b c kiu gen RRr v m c kiu gen Rrr l A. 1 : 1trng. B. 11 : 1trng. C. 3 : 1trng. D. 5 : 1trng. Cu 9: Cho cu trc di truyn qun th nh sau: 0,4AABb : 0,4AaBb : 0,2aabb. Ngi ta tin hnh cho qun th trn l qun th t th phn bt buc qua 3 th h. T l c th mang hai cp gen ng hp tri l A. 112/640 . B.161/640 . C.49/256 . D. .7/640 Cu 10: Cho cu trc di truyn qun th nh sau: 0,2AABb : 0,2 AaBb : 0,3aaBB : 0,3aabb. Nu qun th trn giao phi t do th t l c th mang 2 cp gen ng hp ln sau 1 th h l A. 12,25%. B. 30%. C. 35%. D. 5,25%. Cu 11: ong mt, c 7 mu sc mt khc nhau, mi mu do mt gen ln chi phi, gm c 7 alen khc nhau, nhng mu ny l: gch: a, vng cam: av, ng: an, kem: ak, trng: at, en: ab, thm: ac. Nu ch xt ring 7 alen ln ny th s kiu gen ti a trong qun th l A. 7. B. 28. C. 35. D. 49. Cu 12: Xt 3 gen lin kt theo trt t sau: A 30 B 20 C Mt c th d hp v 3 gen AbC/aBc c lai vi abc/abc, gi s rng tn s ca cc th c trao i cho kp l tch cc tn s trao i cho n. T l kiu hnh A-B-C- theo l thuyt l A. 0,06. B. 0,03. C. 0,12. D. 0,07. Cu 13: ngi, bnh m mu do mt alen ln nm trn NST gi tnh X quy nh. Xt mt qun th mt hn o c 100 c th trong c 50 ph n v 50 n ng, hai ngi n ng b bnh m mu. Nu qun th trng thi cn bng th tn s ngi ph n bnh thng mang gen gy bnh l A. 4%. B. 7,68%. C. 96%. D. 99,84%. Cu 14: Trong mt qun th bm gm 900 con, tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng nhanh ca mt enzim p = 0,7 v tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng chm q = 0,3. C 90 con bm t qun th ny nhp c n mt qun th c q = 0,8. Tn s alen ca qun th mi l A. p = 0,7 v q = 0,3. B. p = 0,75 v q = 0,25. C. p = 0,25 v q = 0,75. D. p = 0,3 v q = 0,7. Cu 15: mui st xut huyt Aedes aegypti, b gy bnh thng c mu trng c. Tnh trng mu sc thn b gy do mt gen trn nhim sc th thng quy nh. Mt t bin ln gen ny lm cho thn b gy c mu en. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta cho giao phi ngu nhin 100 cp mui b m, thu c 10000 trng v cho n thnh 10000 b gy, trong s c 100 b gy thn en. Do mun loi b t bin ny ra khi qun th, ngi ta loi b i tt c cc b gy thn en. Gi s rng khng c t bin mi xy ra. Tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l A. p = 0,91 v q = 0,09. B. p = 0,90 v q = 0,10. C. p = 0,80 v q = 0,20. D. p = 0,81 v q = 0,19. Cu 16: rui gim, gen A quy nh thn xm l tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn en, gen B quy nh cnh di l tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh cnh ct. Hai cp gen ny cng nm trn mt cp nhim sc th thng. Gen D quy nh mt l tri hon ton so vi alen d quy nh mt trng. Gen quy nh mu mt nm trn nhim sc th gii tnh X, khng c alen tng ng trn Y. 31

(AB/ab)X^D X^d X (AB/ab)X^D Y Php lai: cho F1 c kiu hnh thn en, cnh ct, mt chim t l 15%.

Tnh theo l thuyt, tn s hon v gen l A. 20%. B. 18%. C. 15%. D. 30%. < ="-" ="text/; =utf-8">< name="ProgId" ="Word.">< name="Generator" ="Microsoft Word 11">< name="Originator" ="Microsoft Word 11"><> Cu 17: mt loi thc vt, gen A quy nh thn cao, alen a quy nh thn thp; gen B quy nh qu mu , alen b quy nh qu mu vng; gen D quy nh qu trn, alen d quy nh qu di. Bit rng cc gen tri l tri hon ton. Cho giao phn cy thn cao, qu mu , trn vi cy thn thp, qu mu vng, di thu c F1 gm 10000 cy, trong c 500 cy thn cao, qu di, ; 2000 cy thn thp, qu di, . Trong trng hp khng xy ra t bin, s lai no di y cho kt qu ph hp vi php lai trn? A Aa(BD/bd) X aa(bd/bd) B (AB/ab)Dd X (ab/ab)dd C (AD/ad)Bb X (ad/ad)bb D (Ad/aD)Bb X (ad/ad)bb http://www.thpt-lequydon-quangtri.edu.vn/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=571&get=last#1539 EM cng L MT HC SINH KHI A,NN THY C TRNG EM T U T MN SINH,NHNG EM MUN THI I HC KHI B,XIN THY C C TH CH EM CCH LM CC BI TP NY,EM RT CM N QU THY C! Cu 4: rui gim, mu sc ca thn, chiu di ca cnh v mu sc ca mt u do mt gen gm 2 alen quy nh. Bit rng gen quy nh mu sc thn v gen quy nh chiu di cnh cng nm trn mt nhim sc th thng, gen quy nh mu mt nm trn nhim sc th gii tnh. S kiu gen ti a c trong qun th khi ch xt n 3 cp gen ny l A. 27. B. 30. C. 45. D. 50. Cu 6: Mt th lc bi c kiu gen AAAaaa, trong qu trnh gim phn nu khng c trao i cho xy ra th cho bao nhiu t hp giao t tham gia th tinh? A. 3. B. 6. C. 20. D. 60. Cu 7: Cy t bi c kiu gen AAaaBBbb, trong qu trnh gim phn hnh thnh giao t nu khng c trao i cho xy ra th t l loi giao t AaBb trong nhng giao t tham gia th tinh l A. 16/36. B. 1/36. C. 4/6. D. 4/36. Cu 8: ng, th tam nhim khi gim phn cho 2 loi giao t, giao t d bi (n + 1) v giao t bnh thng (n). Ht phn d bi khng sc cnh tranh vi ht phn bnh thng nn khng tham gia th tinh, cn non d bi vn tham gia th tinh bnh thng. Nu R quy nh mu v r quy nh mu trng th t l kiu hnh i con trong trng hp b c kiu gen RRr v m c kiu gen Rrr l A. 1 : 1trng. B. 11 : 1trng. C. 3 : 1trng. D. 5 : 1trng. Cu 9: Cho cu trc di truyn qun th nh sau: 0,4AABb : 0,4AaBb : 0,2aabb. Ngi ta tin hnh cho qun th trn l qun th t th phn bt buc qua 3 th h. T l c th mang hai cp gen ng hp tri l A. 112/640 . B.161/640 . C.49/256 . D. .7/640 Cu 10: Cho cu trc di truyn qun th nh sau: 0,2AABb : 0,2 AaBb : 0,3aaBB : 0,3aabb. Nu qun th trn giao phi t do th t l c th mang 2 cp gen ng hp ln sau 1 th h l A. 12,25%. B. 30%. C. 35%. D. 5,25%. Cu 11: ong mt, c 7 mu sc mt khc nhau, mi mu do mt gen ln chi phi, gm c 7 alen khc nhau, nhng mu ny l: gch: a, vng cam: av, ng: an, kem: ak, trng: at, en: ab, thm: ac. Nu ch xt ring 7 alen ln ny th s kiu gen ti a trong qun th l A. 7. B. 28. C. 35. D. 49. 32

Cu 12: Xt 3 gen lin kt theo trt t sau: A 30 B 20

Mt c th d hp v 3 gen AbC/aBc c lai vi abc/abc, gi s rng tn s ca cc th c trao i cho kp l tch cc tn s trao i cho n. T l kiu hnh A-B-C- theo l thuyt l A. 0,06. B. 0,03. C. 0,12. D. 0,07. Cu 13: (cu ny em c gng lm nhng cha ra) ngi, bnh m mu do mt alen ln nm trn NST gi tnh X quy nh. Xt mt qun th mt hn o c 100 c th trong c 50 ph n v 50 n ng, hai ngi n ng b bnh m mu. Nu qun th trng thi cn bng th tn s ngi ph n bnh thng mang gen gy bnh l A. 4%. B. 7,68%. C. 96%. D. 99,84%. Cu 14: Trong mt qun th bm gm 900 con, tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng nhanh ca mt enzim p = 0,7 v tn s alen quy nh cu t chuyn ng chm q = 0,3. C 90 con bm t qun th ny nhp c n mt qun th c q = 0,8. Tn s alen ca qun th mi l A. p = 0,7 v q = 0,3. B. p = 0,75 v q = 0,25. C. p = 0,25 v q = 0,75. D. p = 0,3 v q = 0,7. Cu 15: mui st xut huyt Aedes aegypti, b gy bnh thng c mu trng c. Tnh trng mu sc thn b gy do mt gen trn nhim sc th thng quy nh. Mt t bin ln gen ny lm cho thn b gy c mu en. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta cho giao phi ngu nhin 100 cp mui b m, thu c 10000 trng v cho n thnh 10000 b gy, trong s c 100 b gy thn en. Do mun loi b t bin ny ra khi qun th, ngi ta loi b i tt c cc b gy thn en. Gi s rng khng c t bin mi xy ra. Tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l A. p = 0,91 v q = 0,09. B. p = 0,90 v q = 0,10. C. p = 0,80 v q = 0,20. D. p = 0,81 v q = 0,19 a ch gmail ca em l: dailoivictory@gmail.com BT: Mt c th c c kiu gen AB/Ab *De/dE khi em lai phn tch th h lai, kiu gen AB/ab*De/de chim 19%. Nh vy 10 000 t bo sinh tinh trng gim phn sinh giao t th c t bo xy ra hon v gen l? Gii: Ta c: P :AB/Ab *De/dE x ab/ab *de/de = (AB/Ab x ab/ab) (De/dE x de/de) Fa: {1/2 AB/ab : 1/2Ab/ab} x {/2 DE/de : f/2 de/de : (1-f)/2 De/de : (1-f)/2 dE/de} Ta c tn s kiu gen AB/ab*De/de = {1/2} x {(1-f)/2} = {(1-f)/4 = 0,19 Suy ra: 1-f = 0,76 ; f = 0,24 Ta c cng thc tnh tn s hon v gen f: f = (s TB sinh tinh trng gim phn c HVG) / (2 x s TB sinh tinh trng gphn sinh giao t) Vy: = s TB sinh tinh trng gim phn c HVG = 0,19 x 2 x 10.000 = 3800 t bo BT: Mt ngi chn chn Vizon cho cc con chn ca mnh giao ph ngu nhin. Trung bnh 9% s chn c lng rp. ng khng cho cc chn lng rp giao phi vi nhau na. (Tnh trng lng rp l do NST thng c alen ln quy nh).T l chn lng rp th h sau l? Gii: Gi p l tn s alen ca lng khng rp (A) Gi q l tn s alen ca lng rp (a) Gi s qun th chn cn bng di truyn, ta c tn s kiu gen ban u nh sau: p2AA : 2pq Aa : q2 aa q2 = 0,09 => q = 0,3 ; p =1 - 0,3 = 0,7 ta c tn s kiu gen ban u nh sau: 0,49 AA : 0,42 Aa : 0,09 aa V ng khng cho cc chn lng rp giao phi vi nhau na nn ch c chn lng khng rp giao phi vi nhau Ta c: 0,49 AA : 0,42 Aa = (0,49/0,91) AA : (0,42/0,91) Aa = 7AA : 6 Aa 33

Tn s alen A : p' = {(7 x 2) + 6}/ 2 x (7+6) = 20/ 26 = 10/13 Tn s alen a : q' = 1- (10/13) = 3/13 T l chn lng rp th h sau l: (10/13)2 AA: 2 x (10/13) x (3/13) Aa : (3/13)2 aa = 100/169 AA : 60/169/Aa : 9/169 aa Ch : vi d kin nh trn m hi :"T l chn lng rp trong qun th th h sau?" th p s l khc, v phi tnh n nhng con chn kiu gen aa th h P c sng. : Vi 2 gen khng alen cng nm trn 1 nhim sc th, cc gen c th lin kt khng hon ton, mt gen c nhiu alen, th trong qun th c bao nhiu nhm kiu gen. Gii Gii s gen A c n alen, gen B c m alen + Xt trng hp gen B ch c 2 alen, gen A c n alen: - Nu n = 2, ta c s nhm kiu gen: 10 2 - Nu n = 3, s nhm kiu gen: 10 + ( C 3 1) (10-3) = 24 Nu n = 4, s nhm kiu gen: Nu n = 5, s nhm kiu gen: Nu n = n, s nhm kiu gen: 10 + ( C 4 1) (10-3) = 45 10 + ( C 5 1) (10-3) = 73 10 + ( C n 1) (10-3) = 10 + [7 ( C n 1)]
2 2 2 2

+ Xt trng hp gen A ch c 2 alen, gen B c nhiu alen: tng t ta c 2 2 Nu n = 2, m = m, s nhm kiu gen: 10 + ( C m 1) (10-3) = 10 + [7( C m 1)] + Nu gen A c n alen, gen B c m alen, tng s nhm kiu gen l:

Thy i, bi ny gii theo cch no? C 4 gen I, II, III, IV. gen I c 2 alen, gen II c 3 alen. 2 gen ny trn NST X, khng c trn Y. Gen III c 3 alen, gen IV c 4 alen. 2 gen ny cng trn (mt-b sung ) NST thng. S kiu gen ti a l bao nhiu? Gen I (A): c 2 alen A1, A2; gen II (B): c 3 alen B1, B2, B3 nm trn NST X, khng c trn Y Chng minh: 1. Xt cc gen I, II nm trn NST X: a. C th XX c s kiu gen = 23 -Vi cc alen A1,A2&B1,B2 ta c cc nhm kiu gen: A1B1(1), A1B2(2), A2B1(3), A2B2(4), A1B1(5), A1B1(6), A2B2(7), A2B2(8), A1B1(9), A1B2(10), A1B1 A1B2 A2B1 A2B2 A1B2 A2B1 A2B1 A1B2 A2B2 A2B1 -Vi cc alen A1,A2&B1,B3ta c thm cc nhm kiu gen: A1B1(1), A1B3(11), A2B1(3), A2B3(12), A1B1(13), A1B1(6), A2B3(14), A2B3(15), A1B1(16), A1B3(17), A1B1 A1B3 A2B1 A2B3 A1B3 A2B1 A2B1 A1B3 A2B3 A2B1 - Vi cc alen A1,A2&B2,B3 ta c thm cc nhm kiu gen: A1B2(2), A1B3(11), A2B2(4), A2B3(12), A1B2(18), A1B2(19), A2B3(20), A2B3(21), A1B2(22), A1B3(23), A1B2 A1B3 A2B2 A2B3 A1B3 A2B2 A2B2 A1B3 A2B3 A2B2 b. C th XY c 6 nhm kiu gen -Vi cc alen A1,A2&B1,B2 ta c cc nhm kiu gen: A1B1(1), A1B2(2), A2B1(3), A2B2(4), Y Y Y Y 1 2 1 -Vi cc alen A ,A &B ,B3ta c thm cc nhm kiu gen: 34

A1B1(1), A1B3(5), A2B1(3), A2B3(6) Y Y Y Y - Vi cc alen A1,A2&B2,B3 ta c thm cc nhm kiu gen: A1B2(2), A1B3(5), A2B2(4), A2B3(6), Y Y Y Y 2. Gen III (D): c 3 alen D1, D2, D3, Gen IV(E): c 4 alen E1, E2, E3, E4 cng nm trn 1 NST thng a. Xt D1, D2 v E1, E2 ta c 10 nhm kiu gen b. Xt D1, D2 v E1, E3 c. Xt D1, D2 v E1, E4 d. Xt D1, D2 v E2, E3 e. Xt D1, D2 v E2, E4 f. Xt D1, D2 v E3, E4 a. Xt D1, D3 v E1, E2 b. Xt D1, D3 v E1, E3 c. Xt D1, D3 v E1, E4 d. Xt D1, D3 v E2, E3 e. Xt D1, D3 v E2, E4 f. Xt D1, D3 v E3, E4 a. Xt D2, D3 v E1, E2 b. Xt D2, D3 v E1, E3 c. Xt D2, D3 v E1, E4 d. Xt D2, D3 v E2, E3 e. Xt D2, D3 v E2, E4 f. Xt D2, D3 v E3, E4

10 + [7 ( C n 1)] + [7( C m 1)] = 10 + [7 ( C n + 7 (C n +

2

2 m

2)] = 10 + [ -14 + 7 ( C n +

2 m

)=

2 m

)-4

21/5/2011 =============15/5/2011 021: V trt t khong cch gia 3 gen X, Y v Z ngi ta nhn thy nh sau: X------------------20-----------------Y---------11----------Z. H s trng hp l 0,7. xyz Xyz Nu P : x th t l % kiu hnh khng bt cho ca F1 l: xyz xYZ A. 70,54% B. 69% C. 67,9% D. khng xc nh c 034: Bnh m mu - lc ngi lin kt vi gii tnh. Mt qun th ngi trn o c 50 ph n v 50 n ng trong c hai ngi n ng b m mu - lc. Tnh t l s ph n mang gen bnh. A. 7,68% B. 7,48% C. 7,58% D. 7,78% 21/5/2011 TR LI CHO EM 35

Qun th ngu phi c cu trc di truyn 0,25BB : 0,5Bb : 0,25bb. Bit kiu gen BB khng c kh nng sinh sn. Sau 1 th h tn s kiu gen BB =? Gii P: 0,25BB : 0,5Bb : 0,25bb V BB khng c kh nng sinh sn nn ta c tn s cc php ngu phi P nh sau: P: [0,5/(0,5 + 0,25) Bb : 0,25/(0,5 + 0,25) bb]2 = [0,5/(0,75) Bb : 0,25/(0,75) bb]2 = [2/3 Bb : 1/3 bb]2 = 4/9 (Bb x Bb) + 4/9 (Bb x bb) + 1/9 (bb x bb) F1 = 4/9 (1/4BB:1/2Bb:1/4bb)+ 4/9(1/2Bb:1/2 bb)+1/9bb = (4/36 BB : 8/36Bb : 4/36bb) +(8/36Bb :8/36bb)+ 4/36bb = 4/36 BB : 16/36Bb : 16/36bb = 1/9 BB : 4/9Bb : 4/9bb + phi ni th ny : Sau 1 th h tn s kiu gen BB ca F1 l bao nhiu? NU HI VY TH P S L: 1/9 BB +Nu ni Sau 1 th h tn s kiu gen BB ca qun th l bao nhiu? Th phi xt 2 trng hp: 1) Sau 1 th h m P khng c ai na th p s nh trn = 1/9 BB 2) Sau 1 th h m P CN SNG CHUNG VI F1 th p s li khc: 0,25 BB : 0,75(1/9 BB : 4/9Bb : 4/9bb ) = 1/4BB : 3/36BB : 12/36Bb: 12/36bb = 12/36 BB: 12/36Bb: 12/36bb Vy tn s kiu gen BB trong qun th hin thi s l: 1/3BB Nguyn T, 0914252216 21/5/2011 Thy gii gip em bi tp ny. Thnh tht cm n Thy!

II

III IV

1 1

3 2

s ph h trn, I1 v II2 b bnh nhc c, do gen ln trn NST X quy nh. III2 b bch tng do gen ln trn NST thng quy nh (vi t l ngi mc bnh l 1/10000). Kh nng b bnh ngi IV1 v IV2 l kng r. Kh nng ngi IV1 mang gen bnh (khng b bnh ) l: A. 1/4 B. 1/2 C. 2/3 D. 99/100 KIU GEN CC NHN VT: 36

Quy c: A: Khng b nhc c; a: b nhc c; gen nm trn NST X B: Khng b bch tn; b: b bch tng; gen nm trn NST thng; tn s alen b l cn bc 2 ca 1/10000 = 0,01; tn s alen B l cn bc 2 ca 1- 0,01 =0,99 Tn s kiu gen ca bch tng trong qun th l: (0,99)2 BB : 2 x 0,99 x 0,01 Bb: (0,01)2bb = 0,9801 BB: 0,0198Bb: 0,0001bb Kiu gen gen ca cc nhn vt: III2 b bch tng do gen ln trn NST thng quy nh , nhng c b bnh nhc c khng? V trn ph h thy k hiu III2 c b bnh nhc c nh II2 v I1. ni III2 b bch tng th phi k hiu gch cho khc i phn bit vi bnh nhc c. V vy ti xt 2 trng hp: a) III2 b bch tng v khng b nhc co? b) III2 b bch tng v b nhc co? Ni tm li CHA R, CHA CHUN Trng hp a: III2 b bch tng v khng b nhc co: Kiu gen l: XAYbb Kiu gen ca nam III2 l: XAYbb; Kiu gen ca n III1 l: XAX-BTh kiu gen ca n IV1: XAX-Bb = XAXaBb = Ta c s lai F3: n III1: XAX-B- x nam III2: XaYB- = (XAX- x : XaY) (B- x B-) F4: ( XAXa: XaX- : XAY: X-Y) ( 0,9801 BB: 0,0198Bb: 0,0001bb)

I1: XaY; I2: XAX- I3: XAY; I4: XAY; I5: XAXII2: XaY suy ra: I2: XAX- l XAXa, Suy ra II1: XAX-, Suy ra III2: bbXaY 23/5/2011 TR LI CHO EM Cu 1: Mt qun th ngi trn mt hn o c 100 ph n v 100 ngi n ng trong c 4 ngi n ng b bnh mu kh ng. Bit rng bnh mu kh ng do gen ln nm trn NST gii tnh X khng c alen trn Y, qun th trng thi cn bng di truyn. Tn s ph n bnh thng nhng mang gen gy bnh l A. 0.0384. B. 0.0768. C. 0.2408. D. 0.1204. Gii: Kiu gen ca n b: XAXA : XAXa : XaXa Kiu gen n ng: XAY: XaY Gi p1 l tn s alen A , q1 l tn s alen a ca n ng Gi p2 l tn s alen A , q2 l tn s alen a ca n b Gi p l tn s alen A , q l tn s alen a ca qun th ngi chung cho c 2 gii Qun th trng thi cn ng di truyn nn p1 = p2, q1 = q2 Ta c: p = p1/3 + 2p2/3 = 3p1/3 = 3p2/3 = p1 = p2 37

q = q1/3 + 2q2/3 = 3q1 /3 = 3q2/3 = q1 = q2 Tn s kiu gen trong qun th: n ng: p2XAXA : 2pqXAXa : q2XaXa n b: pXAY: qXaY Suy ra: q = 4/100 = 0,04 => p = 1- 0,04 = 0,96 Vy tn s ngi ph n bnh thng mang gen gy bnh l: 2pq XAXa = 2 x 0,96 x 0,04 =0,0768 = 7,68% Cu 2: Kt qu ca lai phn tch mt th d hp v 3 cp gen (Mm, Nn v Pp) nm trn 1 cp nhim sc th tng ng c cho nh sau: MNP = 3 (c th) mNP + Mnp = 10 (c th) MNp + mnP = 16 (c th) MnP + mNp = 71 (c th) Tt c cc nhn nh sau y da trn s liu thc t l ng, ngoi tr: A. khong cch 2 gen N v M l 19% B. trt t ba gen l: M-P-N C. khuyt mt kiu hnh D. tn s trao i cho kp l 3% Gii: Tng s c th: 3 + 10 + 16 + 71 =100 S c th nmp = 0 l chuyn bnh thng, c th xy ra, v tn s hon v kp qu b. Nn p n C l ng. Nhng ta khng nh rng, d; vo s liu thc t th s cc th Fa (i con ca php lai phn tch) sinh ra do hon v kp l 3. MNP + mnp = 3 (c th) Vy giao t sinh ra do hon v kp l MNP v mnp Tn s trao i cho kp l 3%, nn p n D l ng. V kiu hnh MnP + mNp = 71 (c th) chim t l ln, l kiu hnh sinh ra do giao t bnh thng, nn giao t bnh thng phi cha ng thi 3 gen khng alen: M, n, P hoc m, N, p. Suy ra kiu gen ca c th em lai phn tch s l 1 trong 3 kh nng: (1) mNp ; (2) Npm ; (3) Nmp ; MnP nPM nMP Ch c kiu gen nh trng hp (1) mNp mi cho giao t hon v kp l MNP v mnp Vy nhn nh B. trt t ba gen l: M-P-N l sai. Ta chn p n B Ni thm: Trn bn gen ta c: Khong cch gia 2 gen = tn s hon v n ca 2 gen + tn s hon v kp, nn p n A l ng Cu 3: loi mo nh, cp alen D,d quy nh mu lng nm trn NST gii tnh X (DD: lng en, Dd: tam th, dd: lng vng).Trong mt qun th mo thnh ph Lun n ngi ta ghi c s liu v cc kiu hnh sau: -Mo c: 311 lng en, 42 lng vng -Mo ci: 277 lng en, 7 lng vng, 54 tam th Tn s cc alen D v d trong qun th trong iu kin cn bng ln lt l: A. 0,654 v 0,34 B. 0,726 v 0,274 C. 0,893 v 0,107 D. 0,85 v 0,15 Gii: mo con c XY, con ci XX -Mo c: 311 + 42 = 353 con -Mo ci: 277 + 7 + 54 = 338 con Tng: 353 + 338 = 691 con Gi p1 l tn s alen A , q1 l tn s alen a ca mo c 38

Gi p2 l tn s alen A , q2 l tn s alen a ca mo ci Gi p l tn s alen A , q l tn s alen a ca qun th mo chung cho c 2 gii. Ta c cng thc: p = p1/3 + 2p2/3 ; q = 1- p = q1/3 + 2q2/3 p1 = 311/353 = 0,8810 q1 = 42/353 = 0,1190 p2 = [ (277 x 2) + 54] / (338 x 2) = 608/676 = 0,8994 q2 = [ (7 x 2) + 54] / (338 x 2) = 68/676 = 0,1006 Tn s cc alen D v d trong qun th trong iu kin cn bng ln lt l: p = p1/3 + 2p2/3 = 0,8810/3 + (2 x 0,8994)/3 = 0,2936 + 0,5996 = 0,8932 q = q1/3 + 2q2/3 = 0,1190/3 + (2 x 0,1006)/3 = 0,0397 + 0,0670 = 0,1067 Vy chn C. 0,893 v 0,107 Cu 4: C c dc c 2n = 24 NST. C mt th t bin, trong cp NST s 1 c 1 chic b mt on, mt chic ca NST s 5 b o 1 on, NST s 3 lp 1 on. Khi gim phn nu cc cp NST phn li bnh thng , khng trao i cho (thm ca NT) th trong s cc loi giao t c to ra, giao t t bin c t l A. 25%. B. 12,5%. C. 75%. D. 87,5%. hi c th nh sau: giao t mang 3 NST t bin c t l Nu mang c 3 NST t bin th ()3 = 1/8 = 12,25% Cu 5: Cho php lai AaBbDdEe x AaBbDdEe. Tt c cc em u cng quy nh 1 tnh trng di truyn theo kiu tng tc cng gp. T l phn li kiu hnh xut hin trong php lai trn s l: A. 1: 4: 6: 4: 1 B. 1:8:28:56:70:56:28:8:1 C. 9:3:3:1 D. (3:1)4 27-5-2011 Ni dung cu hi: ngi bnh bch tng do gen ln nm trn NST thng quy nh. Mt qun th ngi cn bng di truyn, t l ngi mang gen d hp trong s ngi bnh thng l 1%. Tnh xc sut 1 cp v chng khng c quan h huyt thng sinh ra a con trai mc bnh? Gii: 2 2 p AA + 2pq Aa + q aa Aa/ A- = 1/100 = 0,01 2pq/ p2 + 2pq = 1/100 2pq/ p(p + 2q) = 1/100 2q/p+2q = 0,01 (1) p+q=1 (2) p = 0,995; q = 0,005 Vy: Xc sut 1 cp v chng khng c quan h huyt thng sinh ra a con trai mc bnh: l q2 = (0,005) = 0, 000025 Ch : 1 cp v chng khng c quan h huyt thng: C ngha l chn bt k 2 c th khc xa nhau v ngun gc t tin, b m ch khng phi khc nhau v kiu gen. C th c nhiu ngi hiu nhm rng: khng c quan h huyt thng l khc kiu gen, v vy c 3 kh nng v s lai: - hoc AA x Aa; - hoc AA x aa; - hoc Aa x aa Nu hiu theo cch ny th p s s khc. NGY CP NHT: 29-5-2011 CNG THC TNH TN S ALEN TRONG TRNG HP DI NHP GEN I. TRNG HP QUN TH A CHUYN SANG QUN TH B. TNH TN S ALE QUN TH B. 39

1. Bi ton tng qut: Cho bit gen A c 2 alen A, a. C 2 qun th I v II t trng thi cn bng di truyn v gen . Kch thc ca qun th I, II ln lt l N1, N2 Gi p1, q1 l tn s alen A, a ca qun th I; p2, q2 l tn s alen ca qun th II. Nu s cc th t qun th I di nhp qua qun th II chim t l x (x tnh theo % , 0 x 1) th tn s alen A, a ca qun th mi II s l bao nhiu? Tr li: p(A) = (x.p1.N1 + p2. N2)/ x.N1 + N2 q(a) = (x.q1.N1 + q2. N2)/ x.N1 + N2 p(A) + q(a) = 1 Nu N1 = N2 = N ta c: p(A) = (x..p1.N + p2. N)/ x.N + N = N (x.p1 + p2) / N (x +1) = p(A) = (x.p1 + p2) / (x +1)

2. Cho bit gen A c 2 alen A, a. C 2 qun th I v II t trng thi cn bng di truyn v gen . Gi p1, q1 l tn s alen A, a ca qun th I; p2, q2 l tn s alen ca qun th II. Nu s c th t qun th I di nhp qua qun th II chim t l x (x tnh theo % , 0 x 1) v s c th t qun th II di nhp qua qun th I chim t l y (y tnh theo % , 0 y 1) th tn s alen A, a ca qun th mi I v II s l bao nhiu Gii: 3. NGY CP NHT: 31-5-2011 Mt qun th c cu trc di truyn nh sau: 4AABb:4AaBb:2aabb. Qua 3 th h t th phn th t l c th mang 2 cp gen ng hp tri l: A. 112/640. B. 161/640. C. 49/256. D. 7/640. p n l B. Em nh thy gii gip. Em cm n thy. Gii Qua 3 th h t th phn ngha l P, F1 v F2 u t th phn v cho i F3. y bt ta tnh F3 P: 4 AABb:4 AaBb:2 aabb = 2/5 AABb: 2/5AaBb:1/5 aabb V A, a v B, b phn ly c lp nn ta xt ring tng cp gen ri tch i s. - Xt cp gen A, a ta c: P = 2/5 AA : 2/5 Aa : 1/5 aa => F3 = 2/5 AA : 2/5 (7/16 AA: 1/8 Aa : 7/16aa) : 1/5 aa = (2/5 + 14/80) AA : 2/40 Aa : 14/80 aa : 1/5 aa = 46/80 AA : 4/80Aa : 30/80 aa Xt cp gen B, b ta c: P: 4/5 Bb : 1/5 bb F3 = 4/5 (7/16 BB: 1/8 Bb : 7/16 bb) + 1/5 bb = (28/80 BB : 4/40 Bb : 28/80 bb) + 1/5 bb = = 28/80 BB : 8/80 Bb : 44/80 bb V A,a c lp vi B, b nn Qua 3 th h t th phn th t l c th mang 2 cp gen ng hp tri AABBl 46/80 x 28/80 = 1288/6400 = 0.20125 Nh vy khng c p n ng.

40

Em l hc sinh lp 12, em c c mt s v chuyn tn s hon v gen ca Thy. Em va gp mt bi tp phn phn t nhng khng gii c, nh Thy gip em Thy nh. Em cm n Thy nhiu! Bi tp nh sau: Mt phn t ARN c 4 loi nu theo t l sau: A : U : G : X = 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. T l cc loi b ba c cha 2 nu loi A l bao nhiu ? Ta c tn s cc nu: A =1/10; U = 2/10; G = 3/10; X = 4/10 T chc m b ba ng vi trin khai a thc: (A + U + G + X)3 = A3 + U3 + G3 + X3 + 3A2U + 3A2G + 3A2X + 3U2A + 3U2G + 3U2X +3G2A + 3G2U + 3G2X + 3X2A + 3X2G + 3X2U + 6XAG + 6XAU + 6AGU + 6GUX B c 2 A bao gm: 2 A+1U, 2A+1G ; 2A+1 X Tn s b ba 2A + 1U = 3 x (1/10)2 x 2/10 = 3 x 2/1000 = 6/1000 Tn s b ba 2A + 1G = 3 x (1/10)2 x 3/10 = 3 x 3/1000 = 9/1000 Tn s b ba 2A + 1X = 3 x (1/10)2 x 4/10 = 3 x 4/1000 = 12/1000 Vy: T l cc loi b ba c cha 2 nu loi A l : 6/1000 + 9/1000 + 12/1000 = 27/1000 10/6/2011 C c dc c b nhim sc th 2n = 12. Dng th ba ca loi ny c kh nng to ra bao nhiu loi giao t khng bnh thng v s lng nhim sc th? Cho rng s kt hp v phn li ca cc nhim sc th din ra hon ton ngu nhin 11-6-2011 P thun chng, F1 ng tnh. Cho F1 lai vi F1 cho ra F2. F2 c:

con ci: 3 en, x, 1 en, x. c: 30% en, x; 17.5% xm, x; 25% trng, x; 5.4% en, quon; 23.7% xm, quon; 8.4% trng, quon; 2.1% en, thng; 8.8% xm, thng; 1.6% trng, thng. Gii

Bin lun kt qu tm P Xt Mu sc, F2 c:

con ci: 4 en. con c: 30% en + 5.4% en + 2.1% en = 37,5 % en 17.5% xm + 23.7% xm + 8.8% xm = 50% xm 25% trng + 8.4% trng + 1.6% trng = 35 % trng Ta thy 37,5 % + 50% + 35 % =122,5% > 100%

Xt hnh dng, F2 c:

con ci: 4 x. c: 30% + 17.5% + 25% = 72,5% x 5.4% + 23.7% + 8.4% quon = 37,5% quon 2.1% + 8.8% = 1.6% thng = 12,5% thng 72,5% + 37,5% + 12,5% = 122,5% > 100% Vy sai ri

em tn la Huynh Bach Hu, vung tau.tel 01678356484. thay chi gium e may bai nay nha: 41

cau 1: hp t binh thng cua mt loai nguyn phn binh thng 5 t, moi trng a cug cp nguyn liu tng ng vi 496 cromatit. s lng NST trong t bao sinh dng cua th 3 kep loai trn luc cha nhn i? cu 2: kt qua xet nghim t bao hoc cua 1 ngi cho thy co 2 th barr, chung to ngi o la: a nam klinefelter b nu binh thuong c siu n d nam xxy cau 3:f1 di 2 cap gen lai voi co the khac=>F2 fan li theo kiu hinh 6 den: 1 xam: 1 nau, quy lut di truyn o day la? a cong gop 15:1 b at che 12:3;1 c at che 13:3 d bo sung 9:6:1 cau 4:o loai meo D,d quy dinh mau lng nm tren x(DD: den, Dd: tam the,dd: vang)trong 1 quan the meo co meo duc:311 den, 42 vang.Meo cai :277 den, 7 vang, 54 tam the. tan so D va d trong dk can bang la? cau 5:o ca c dc (2n=24) co cac dang the 3 ca 12 cap NST. cac the 3 nay co s lng NST trong t bao x ma va co kiu hinh nh the nao?(giong hay khac nhau) cau6: tren mARN co l=5100 Ao, co 5 riboxom tham gia dich ma 1 lan vi vn tc nh nhau =102Ao/s va cach u nhau 1 khoang =81.6Ao. thoi gian hoan tat qua trinh tong hop tren ARN ? cau 7: 1 gen co 2 alen A,a gen khac co 3 alen 2 gen nay cung nam tren NST thuong. gen khac co 4 alen nam tren NST gioi tinh.y k co alen.so to hop toi da cua ca 3 gen tren la? cau8:o nguoi kha nang cuon luoi do 1 gen troi nam tren NST thuong quy dinh.trong qun th dat cn bang co 64% nguoi cuon luoi.1 cap v chng binh thuong sinh nguoi con 1 k the cun li , nguoi 2 cun li. dua 2 ket hon vi ngi cun li kha nng sinh ra ngi con cun li la? cau 9: 1 loai co b NST lng bi 2n=12.1 hop t cua loai nay nguyn phn 3 ln lin tip cac t bao con co tng s NST =104.hop tu tren phat trin thanh a the 1 b the 3 nhim c th k d the 4 cau10: 1 loai luong boi co ADN gm 6x10^9 cap NU.O KI DAU CUA NGUYEN PHAN T BAO nay co ham lng ADN ? cau 11: o loai su co nhiet do ngng cua s phat trien la 5 d C, thoi gian 1 vong i 30 do C la 20 ngay.khi nhiet do 25 thi thoi gian 1 vong i cua loai nay? cau 12:NST co cac gen voi chieu dai nhu nhau. nst bi dut 1 doan ng vi 30mARN , chim 20% tng s gen cua NST. khi do, ADN dt bin nhn doi 1 lan da s dung 240.000 NU tu do.chieu dai cua gen la? cau 13: mi tinh trang do 1 gen quy dinh, tri la troi hoan toan.khi (AB/ab)dD X (AB/ab)dd, f= 20% xay ra voi ca 2 ben.ti le kieu 42

hinh aaB-D-? cau 14: 1 t bao sinh duong nguyen phan 1 so t va tng s t bao con lan luot tao ra la 30. so lan nguyen phan va so te bao tao ra sau nguyen phan? cau 15: s nhom gen lien ket cua 1 loai luong boi la 8. trong loai co th xut hin ti da bao nhieu dang the 3 kep? cau 16: 1 loai sinh vat co 2n=10 NST co the hinh thanh duoc ti da: a 1 the 4 b 2 loai the 4 c 5 loai the 4 d 10 la loai the 4 cau 17: c th cai co 1 cap NST trao doi doan tai 1 im, con c giam phan binh thng.qua thu tinh tao ra 512 kieu to hop. loai co bo NST co cu truc khac nhau.b NST cua loai 2n=? t bi c KG AAaaBBbb trong qu trnh gim phn hnh thnh giao t nu khng c trao i cho xy ra th t l loi giao t AaBb trong nhng giao t tham gia th tinh l? --cau 18: 4 te bao sinh giao t c cua ruoi giam giam phan thuc t cho nhiu nht bao nhiu loai tinh trung?. cu truc cac cap NST cua t bao sinh giao t c khac nhau THAY CHI E GIAI CAC BAI NAY NHA.Thy vui long giai cu th giup e va nu co cach giai nhanh thy chi gium e.e cam on thy nhiu.

11-6-2011 P thun chng, F1 ng tnh. Cho F1 lai vi F1 cho ra F2. F2 c:

con ci: 3 en, x, 1 en, x. c: 30% en, x; 17.5% xm, x; 25% trng, x; 5.4% en, quon; 23.7% xm, quon; 8.4% trng, quon; 2.1% en, thng; 8.8% xm, thng; 1.6% trng, thng. Gii

Bin lun kt qu tm P Xt Mu sc, F2 c:

con ci: 4 en. con c: 30% en + 5.4% en + 2.1% en = 37,5 % en 17.5% xm + 23.7% xm + 8.8% xm = 50% xm 25% trng + 8.4% trng + 1.6% trng = 35 % trng Ta thy 37,5 % + 50% + 35 % =122,5% > 100%

Xt hnh dng, F2 c:

con ci: 4 x. c: 30% + 17.5% + 25% = 72,5% x 5.4% + 23.7% + 8.4% quon = 37,5% quon 2.1% + 8.8% = 1.6% thng = 12,5% thng 72,5% + 37,5% + 12,5% = 122,5% > 100% 43

Vy sai ri

em tn la Huynh Bach Hu, vung tau.tel 01678356484. thay chi gium e may bai nay nha: cau 1: hp t binh thng cua mt loai nguyn phn binh thng 5 t, moi trng a cug cp nguyn liu tng ng vi 496 cromatit. s lng NST trong t bao sinh dng cua th 3 kep loai trn luc cha nhn i? cu 2: kt qua xet nghim t bao hoc cua 1 ngi cho thy co 2 th barr, chung to ngi o la: a nam klinefelter b nu binh thuong c siu n d nam xxy cau 3:f1 di 2 cap gen lai voi co the khac=>F2 fan li theo kiu hinh 6 den: 1 xam: 1 nau, quy lut di truyn o day la? a cong gop 15:1 b at che 12:3;1 c at che 13:3 d bo sung 9:6:1 cau 4:o loai meo D,d quy dinh mau lng nm tren x(DD: den, Dd: tam the,dd: vang)trong 1 quan the meo co meo duc:311 den, 42 vang.Meo cai :277 den, 7 vang, 54 tam the. tan so D va d trong dk can bang la? cau 5:o ca c dc (2n=24) co cac dang the 3 ca 12 cap NST. cac the 3 nay co s lng NST trong t bao x ma va co kiu hinh nh the nao?(giong hay khac nhau) cau6: tren mARN co l=5100 Ao, co 5 riboxom tham gia dich ma 1 lan vi vn tc nh nhau =102Ao/s va cach u nhau 1 khoang =81.6Ao. thoi gian hoan tat qua trinh tong hop tren ARN ? cau 7: 1 gen co 2 alen A,a gen khac co 3 alen 2 gen nay cung nam tren NST thuong. gen khac co 4 alen nam tren NST gioi tinh.y k co alen.so to hop toi da cua ca 3 gen tren la? cau8:o nguoi kha nang cuon luoi do 1 gen troi nam tren NST thuong quy dinh.trong qun th dat cn bang co 64% nguoi cuon luoi.1 cap v chng binh thuong sinh nguoi con 1 k the cun li , nguoi 2 cun li. dua 2 ket hon vi ngi cun li kha nng sinh ra ngi con cun li la? cau 9: 1 loai co b NST lng bi 2n=12.1 hop t cua loai nay nguyn phn 3 ln lin tip cac t bao con co tng s NST =104.hop tu tren phat trin thanh a the 1 b the 3 nhim c th k d the 4 cau10: 1 loai luong boi co ADN gm 6x10^9 cap NU.O KI DAU CUA NGUYEN PHAN T BAO nay co ham lng ADN ? cau 11: o loai su co nhiet do ngng cua s phat trien la 5 d C, thoi gian 1 vong i 30 do C la 20 ngay.khi nhiet do 25 thi thoi gian 1 vong i cua loai nay? 44

cau 12:NST co cac gen voi chieu dai nhu nhau. nst bi dut 1 doan ng vi 30mARN , chim 20% tng s gen cua NST. khi do, ADN dt bin nhn doi 1 lan da s dung 240.000 NU tu do.chieu dai cua gen la? cau 13: mi tinh trang do 1 gen quy dinh, tri la troi hoan toan.khi (AB/ab)dD X (AB/ab)dd, f= 20% xay ra voi ca 2 ben.ti le kieu hinh aaB-D-? cau 14: 1 t bao sinh duong nguyen phan 1 so t va tng s t bao con lan luot tao ra la 30. so lan nguyen phan va so te bao tao ra sau nguyen phan? cau 15: s nhom gen lien ket cua 1 loai luong boi la 8. trong loai co th xut hin ti da bao nhieu dang the 3 kep? cau 16: 1 loai sinh vat co 2n=10 NST co the hinh thanh duoc ti da: a 1 the 4 b 2 loai the 4 c 5 loai the 4 d 10 la loai the 4 cau 17: c th cai co 1 cap NST trao doi doan tai 1 im, con c giam phan binh thng.qua thu tinh tao ra 512 kieu to hop. loai co bo NST co cu truc khac nhau.b NST cua loai 2n=? cau 18: 4 te bao sinh giao t c cua ruoi giam giam phan thuc t cho nhiu nht bao nhiu loai tinh trung?. cu truc cac cap NST cua t bao sinh giao t c khac nhau THAY CHI E GIAI CAC BAI NAY NHA.Thy vui long giai cu th giup e va nu co cach giai nhanh thy chi gium e.e cam on thy nhiu.

12-6-2011 11-6-2011 P thun chng, F1 ng tnh. Cho F1 lai vi F1 cho ra F2. F2 c:

con ci: 3 en, x, 1 en, x. c: 30% en, x; 17.5% xm, x; 25% trng, x; 5.4% en, quon; 23.7% xm, quon; 8.4% trng, quon; 2.1% en, thng; 8.8% xm, thng; 1.6% trng, thng. Gii

Bin lun kt qu tm P Xt Mu sc, F2 c:

con ci: 4 en. con c: 30% en + 5.4% en + 2.1% en = 37,5 % en 17.5% xm + 23.7% xm + 8.8% xm = 50% xm 25% trng + 8.4% trng + 1.6% trng = 35 % trng Ta thy 37,5 % + 50% + 35 % =122,5% > 100% 45

Xt hnh dng, F2 c:

con ci: 4 x. c: 30% + 17.5% + 25% = 72,5% x 5.4% + 23.7% + 8.4% quon = 37,5% quon 2.1% + 8.8% = 1.6% thng = 12,5% thng 72,5% + 37,5% + 12,5% = 122,5% > 100% Vy sai ri

em tn la Huynh Bach Hu, vung tau.tel 01678356484. thay chi gium e may bai nay nha: cau 1: hp t binh thng cua mt loai nguyn phn binh thng 5 t, moi trng a cug cp nguyn liu tng ng vi 496 cromatit. s lng NST trong t bao sinh dng cua th 3 kep loai trn luc cha nhn i? cu 2: kt qua xet nghim t bao hoc cua 1 ngi cho thy co 2 th barr, chung to ngi o la: a nam klinefelter b nu binh thuong c siu n d nam xxy cau 3:f1 di 2 cap gen lai voi co the khac=>F2 fan li theo kiu hinh 6 den: 1 xam: 1 nau, quy lut di truyn o day la? a cong gop 15:1 b at che 12:3;1 c at che 13:3 d bo sung 9:6:1 cau 4:o loai meo D,d quy dinh mau lng nm tren x(DD: den, Dd: tam the,dd: vang)trong 1 quan the meo co meo duc:311 den, 42 vang.Meo cai :277 den, 7 vang, 54 tam the. tan so D va d trong dk can bang la? cau 5:o ca c dc (2n=24) co cac dang the 3 ca 12 cap NST. cac the 3 nay co s lng NST trong t bao x ma va co kiu hinh nh the nao?(giong hay khac nhau) cau6: tren mARN co l=5100 Ao, co 5 riboxom tham gia dich ma 1 lan vi vn tc nh nhau =102Ao/s va cach u nhau 1 khoang =81.6Ao. thoi gian hoan tat qua trinh tong hop tren ARN ? cau 7: 1 gen co 2 alen A,a gen khac co 3 alen 2 gen nay cung nam tren NST thuong. gen khac co 4 alen nam tren NST gioi tinh.y k co alen.so to hop toi da cua ca 3 gen tren la? cau8:o nguoi kha nang cuon luoi do 1 gen troi nam tren NST thuong quy dinh.trong qun th dat cn bang co 64% nguoi cuon luoi.1 cap v chng binh thuong sinh nguoi con 1 k the cun li , nguoi 2 cun li. dua 2 ket hon vi ngi cun li kha nng sinh ra ngi con cun li la? cau 9: 1 loai co b NST lng bi 2n=12.1 hop t cua loai nay nguyn phn 3 ln lin tip cac t bao con co tng s NST =104.hop tu tren phat trin thanh a the 1 b the 3 nhim c th k d the 4 46

cau10: 1 loai luong boi co ADN gm 6x10^9 cap NU.O KI DAU CUA NGUYEN PHAN T BAO nay co ham lng ADN ? cau 11: o loai su co nhiet do ngng cua s phat trien la 5 d C, thoi gian 1 vong i 30 do C la 20 ngay.khi nhiet do 25 thi thoi gian 1 vong i cua loai nay? cau 12:NST co cac gen voi chieu dai nhu nhau. nst bi dut 1 doan ng vi 30mARN , chim 20% tng s gen cua NST. khi do, ADN dt bin nhn doi 1 lan da s dung 240.000 NU tu do.chieu dai cua gen la? cau 13: mi tinh trang do 1 gen quy dinh, tri la troi hoan toan.khi (AB/ab)dD X (AB/ab)dd, f= 20% xay ra voi ca 2 ben.ti le kieu hinh aaB-D-? cau 14: 1 t bao sinh duong nguyen phan 1 so t va tng s t bao con lan luot tao ra la 30. so lan nguyen phan va so te bao tao ra sau nguyen phan? cau 15: s nhom gen lien ket cua 1 loai luong boi la 8. trong loai co th xut hin ti da bao nhieu dang the 3 kep? cau 16: 1 loai sinh vat co 2n=10 NST co the hinh thanh duoc ti da: a 1 the 4 b 2 loai the 4 c 5 loai the 4 d 10 la loai the 4 cau 17: c th cai co 1 cap NST trao doi doan tai 1 im, con c giam phan binh thng.qua thu tinh tao ra 512 kieu to hop. loai co bo NST co cu truc khac nhau.b NST cua loai 2n=? cau 18: 4 te bao sinh giao t c cua ruoi giam giam phan thuc t cho nhiu nht bao nhiu loai tinh trung?. cu truc cac cap NST cua t bao sinh giao t c khac nhau THAY CHI E GIAI CAC BAI NAY NHA.Thy vui long giai cu th giup e va nu co cach giai nhanh thy chi gium e.e cam on thy nhiu.

12-6-2011 Tha thy trong thi th ln hai Quc hc c mt s cu kh i vi em. Rt mong nhn c s hng dn ca thy. Cu 1: Cho cp P thun chng v cc gen tng phn giao phn vi nhau. Tip tc t th phn cc cy F1 vi nhau thu F2 c 75 cy mang KG aabbdd. V l thuyt hy cho bit s cy mang KG AaBbDd F2 l? Tr li: F1 mang 3 cp d hp PLL AaBbDd F1 X F1 : AaBbDd x AaBbDd = ( Aa x Aa) (Bb x Bb) (Dd x Dd) -> F2: ( AA : Aa : 1/ 4 aa) ( BB : Bb : 1/ 4 bba) ( DD : Dd : 1/ 4 dd) F2: c AaBbDd = ( )3 = 1/8 , aabbdd = ()3 = 1/64 Suy ra AaBbDd/ aabbdd = (1/8)/ 1/64 = 8 Vy s cy mang KG AaBbDd F2 l : 75 x 8 = 600 47

Cu 2: Lai gia hai cy thun chng hoa vi hoa trng thu F1 u c hoa trng. Cho F1 lai vi mt cy khc F2 thu c 62,5% cy hoa trng:37,5% cy hoa . Tnh trng mu sc hoa ca cy di truyn theo quy lut no? Tr li: F2 thu c 62,5% cy hoa trng:37,5% cy hoa = 5 trng : 3 Chng t mu sc di truyn do 2 cp gen, tng tc t ch ori gen tri kiu 13 : 3 ( gen tri khng mu t gen tri mu , alen ln khng t) , cc gen PLL Quybc A: Trng t B , a khng t A- B-, A-bb, aabb: Trng; aaB-: P: AAbb trng x aaBB F1: AaBb tng F1 x c th khc Aabb = AaBb x Aabb F2 : 3A-B- : 3A-bb : 1 aaB- : 1aabb = 5 trng : 3

Cu 3 ; Cy t bi c KG AAaaBBbb trong qu trnh gim phn hnh thnh giao t nu khng c trao i cho xy ra th t l loi giao t AaBb trong nhng giao t tham gia th tinh l? Tr li: Xt AAaa cho giao t Aa chim t l 2/3 s giao t hu th Xt BBbb cho giao t Bb chim t l 2/3 s giao t hu th Vy t l loi giao t AaBb trong nhng giao t tham gia th tinh l: 2/3 x 2/3 = 4/9

CP NHT: 15-6-2011 mt loi thc vt gen A quy nh thn cao tri so vi gen a quy nh thn thp. Ban u c 300 cy mang KG Aa v 50 cy mang KG aa. Cho cc cy trn t th phn qua 4 th h lin tip sau cho ngu phi th h th 5 . T l KH th h th nm l? (Sa li: T l KH th h th SU l?) Gii P: 300 Aa : 50 aa = 6/7 Aa : 1/7 aa (P)2 -> Th h th nht (P) t th phn (P)2 cho th h th hai (F1) (F1)2 -> Th h th hai (F1) t th phn (F1)2 cho th h th ba (F2) (F2) -> Th h th ba (F2) t th phn (F2)2 cho th h th t (F3) (F3)2 -> Th h th t (F3) t th phn (F3)2 cho th h th nm (F4) F 4 x F4 -> Th h th nm (F4) ngu phi (F 4 x F4) cho th h th su (F5) Vy ta T l KH th h th nm (F4) F4: 6/7 [(1-1/24/2) AA : 1/24 Aa : (1-1/24/2) aa)] + 1/7 aa = F4: 6/7 [15/32 AA : 1/16 Aa : 15/32 aa)] + 1/7 aa = 90/224 AA: 12/224 Aa: 90/224 aa : 32/224aa = 90/224 AA: 12/224 Aa: 122/224 aa Nu cho ngu phi th h th 5 . T l KH th h th Su l? Tn s alen A: p = (90 x 2 + 12)/2 x 224 = 192/448 = 0,42857 Tn s alen a : q = 1- 0,42857 = 0,57143 T l KG th h th Su l? 48

p2 AA : 2pq Aa : q2 aa = (0,42857)2AA : 2 x 0,42857 x 0,57143 Aa : (0,57143)2 aa = 0,18367 AA : 0,48979 Aa : 0.32653 aa T l KH th h th SU l (0,18367 + 0,48979) A- : 0.32653 aa = 0,67347 A- : 0.32653 aa 24-6-2011 chao thy! em la bach Hu em Vung Tau mun nh thy chi cho em 1 s bai tp. E bit thy rt bn nhng rt mong thy danh it thi gian cho e. Em mun hoi thy nu ta lai AaBbDd x AaBbDd thi ti l kiu gen ng hp o F1 la bao nhiu? cach tim ti l cac giao t cua th a bi? co cach tinh nhanh khng thy? Gii P: AaBbDd x AaBbDd F1: ( AA : Aa : aa) ( BB : Bb : bb) ( DD : Dd : dd) Kiu gen ng hp F1 la : AABBDD + AABBdd + AAbbDD + AAbbdd + aaBBDD + aaBBdd + aabbDD + aabbdd T l l: 8 ( x x ) = 8/64 = 1/8 2. cach tim ti l cac giao t cua th a bi? co cach tinh nhanh khng thy? a. Cy a bi l 3n, 5n , (2k+1)n th bt th, giao t khng c kh nng th phn, th tinh b. cy a bi chn 4n, 6n,2kn th cho giao t hu th chim t l nh sau: - Cy 4n: Cho giao t cha 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 nhim sc th vi t l 1: 4: 6: 4: 1. Nhng ch c giao t cha 2 NST mi hu th chim t l 6/16 - Cy 6n Cho giao t cha 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 nhim sc th vi t l 1: 6: 15 : 20 : 15 : 6 : 1. Nhng ch c giao t cha 3 NST mi hu th chim t l 20/64 Ta nh: Kiu gen Kiu giao t hu th v tn s ca n AAAA AA AAAa AA, Aa AAaa 1/6 AA, 2/6Aa, 1/6 aa Aaaa AA, Aa aaaa aa AAAAAA AAA AAAAAa AAA, AAa AAAAaa 4/20AAA. (6x2)/20 AAa, 4/20Aaa = 1/5AAA; 3/5 AAa; 1/5Aaa AAAaaa 1AAA, 3x3AAa, 3x3Aaa, 1aaa =1/20AAA; 9/20AAa; 9/20Aaa; 1/20aaa AAaaaa 4aaa, 2x6Aaa, 4AAa =1/5aaa; 3/5 AAa; 1/5Aaa Aaaaaa aaa, Aaa aaaaaa aaa

Cho 2 cay trang thun chng thu c f1 100% .F1 t th thu c 9;7 trng . Chn ngu nhin 2 cy F2 giao phi vi nhau . tnh xc sut xut hin cy hoa trng ng hp ln F3? Nh thy gii gim? Ta c F2: Kiu gen: 1AABB: 2AABb: 1 Aabb: 2AaBB: 4AaBb: 2 Aabb: 1aaBB: 2aaBb: 1 aabb Tn s kiu gen ca cc cy hoa . - 1/9AABB: 2/9AABb: 2/9AaBB: 4/9AaBb 49

- Tn s alen A, a: pA= [(1x 2) + (2x2) + (2x1) + (4x1)]/9 x2 = 12/18 = 2/3 qa = 1-2/3 = 1/3 F3= (2/3)2AA : 2 x 2/3 x 1/3 Aa: (1/3)2aa = 4/9AA : 4/9 Aa: 1/9aa = - Tn s alen B, b: pB= [(1x 2) + (2x1) + (2x2) + (4x1)]/9 x2 = 12/18 = 2/3 qb = 1/3 F3= (2/3)2BB : 2 x 2/3 x 1/3 Bb: (1/3)2bb = 4/9BB : 4/9Bb: 1/9bb = Vy F3 c aabb = 1/9 aa x 1/9 bb = 1/81 - xc sut xut hin cy hoa trng ng hp ln F3 = 1/81 Knh cho Thy! Em l mt HS ang gp cht kh khn trong vic gii cc bi tp sinh hc. Rt mong c Thy gip cho em, em cm n Thy nhiu! C mt bi tp nh sau : Trong ln nhn i u tin ca gen c 1 phn t Acridin xen vo 1 mch khun ca gen, th s nucleotit c trong cc gen t bin l bao nhiu, bit gen ban u c chiu di 0,51m v nhn i 4 t. A. 11.992 B. 24.016 C. 44.970 D. 12.008 Bi gii : Khi acridin xen vo mch khun c ca gen s gy B thm 1 cp nu, nhng trong ln nhn i u tin ch to ra gen tin t bin , ln nhn i th hai mi to c 1 gen t bin v 2 ln nhn i cn li to tt c l 4 gen con. S nu ca gen B = ( 0,51 x 10^4x 2 : 3,4 ) + 2 = 3002 => s nu c trong cc gen t bin l 3002 x 4 = 12008 => chn D Tuy nhin khi em xem trn mng li c cch gii khc : 1 phn t Acridin xen vo 1 mch khun ca gen gy t bin thm 1 cp nu. Ta c s nu ca gen bt l 3000 v ca gen t bin l 3002 S gen t bin l 8 (v sau ln nhn u s c 1 gen bt v 1 gen t bin. Sau 3 ln nhn i tip theo s c 23 gen t bin) Vy s nu trong gen t bin l 3002.8= 24016 => khng c phng n la chn. V em thy kt qu em gii khc cc bi gii trn mng nn em nh Thy xem gip em lm nh vy c ng khng. Em cm n Thy !

BT: O meo gen quy dinh mau long nam tren NST X , AA quy dinh long den, Aa quy dinh long tam the, dd quy dinh long hung. Kiem tra mot quan the meo dang o trang thai can bang di truyen gom 2114 con thay tan so A = 89,3%, a =10,7% . So meo tam the dem duoc la 162 con. So meo cai long den trong quan the la? Giai Gi p la tn s alen A, q l tn s alen a. P(A) = 0,893, q(a) =0,107 . V gen nm trn NST X nn - Con c: 0,893 XAY; 0,107 XaY . - Con ci: (0,893)2XAXA : 2 x 0,893 x 0,107XAXa : (0,107)2XaXa 0,797449 XAXA : 0,191102 XAXa : 0,011449XaXa Nu tnh t l theo tng th c 2 gii ta c: 0,4465XAY: 0,0535XaY : 0,3987245 XAXA : 0,0955510XAXa : 0,0057245 XaXa Ta c mo tam th XAXa = 162 con Suy ra mo cai en l: 162 x (0,797449/0,191102) = 4,17289719 x 162 =675 con tha d kin. 50

BT: Mot gen cau truc co 7 doan exon, moi doan exon ma hoa 5 axitamin. Cho biet chieu dai cac doan exon va itron bag nhau. Chieu dai gen cau truc la? E-I-E-I-E-I-E-I-E-I-E-I-E L gen = 0,34A0 x (7 +6) x 5 x 3 = 3,4A0 x 13 x 5 x 3 = 663A0 A, em xin loi thay, em tai nhieu bai ve trong do co mot bai viet "Danh cho khoi hoc sinh 12 tham khao", khong de ten thay chac khong phai cua thay, em xin loi. Vay thay co the doc doan nay va giai thich gium em duoc khong thay: 4. Lai hai c th d hp hai cp gen xy ra hon v gen mt c th hoc c hai c th. Bi tp: Lai hai cy F1 c cng kiu gen, c kiu hnh thn cao, hoa lai vi nhau. F2 thu c 66% cy thn cao, hoa . 16% cy thn thp, hoa vng. 9% cy thn cao, hoa vng. 9% cy thn thp, hoa . Hy bin lun v vit s lai. Phng php: * Xt ring s di truyn tng cp tnh trng F2 ta c: - V chiu cao : Cao/ thp = 3/1 Cy cao tri hon ton so vi cy thp. i lai c 4 t hp c th F1 cho 2 loi giao t nn d hp mt cp gen. Quy c: A: Thn cao a: Thn thp Kiu gen ca F1 l Aa. - V mu sc: /vng = 3/1 Cy hoa tri hon ton so vi cy hoa vng. i lai c 4 t hp cy F1 cho 2 loi giao t nn d hp 1 cp gen. Quy c: B: Hoa b: Hoa vng Kiu gen ca F1 l Bb. * Xt chung s di truyn 2 cp tnh trng ta c: - Nu phn li c lp th cy thn thp, hoa vng chim t l 6,25%. - Nu lin kt gen hon ton th cy thn thp, hoa vng chim t l 25% Theo bi ra cy thn thp hoa vng chim 16%. Vy c s hon v gen xy ra. + Trng hp 1 : Hon v gen ch xy ra mt c th : Gi x l t l loi giao t ab to ra t c th hon v. Cy thp vng chim 16% 16% ( ) = x. ab . ab x = 32%. Vy giao t ab l giao t lin kt. Vy t l giao t hon v c t l l 18%. * S lai: F1 x F1 : (Cao, ) x (Cao, ) G : AB = ab = 50% AB = ab = 32%. Ab = aB = 18% F2 : T l kiu gen T l kiu hnh. 16% + 32% + 9% + 9% 66% Thn cao, hoa 9% 9% Thn cao, hoa vng 9% 9% Thn thp, hoa 16% 16% Thn thp, hoa vng + Trng hp 2: Hon v gen xy ra c hai c th. Gi x l t l loi giao t ab to ra t cy F1. Ta c Cy thp vng chim 16% 16% ( ) = x. ab . x. ab x = 40%. Vy giao t ab l giao t lin kt. Vy giao t hon v c t l l 10%. Kiu gen ca cy F1 * S lai: F1 x F1 : (Cao, ) x (Cao, ) G: AB = ab = 40% AB = ab = 40%. Ab = aB = 10% Ab = aB = 10% y nu hc sinh k bng t hp vit 16 t hp v tnh t l kiu gen s i hi nhiu thi gian v rt kh khn. Do gio vin c th hng dn hc sinh vn dng cc kin thc hc sinh hc v cc kiu gen phn li c lp vit cc kiu gen trong hon v gen. C th nh sau: T kiu gen ca phn li c lp Kiu gen ca hon v gen 1AABB 1 51

2AaBB 2 2AABb 2 4AaBb 2 + 2 1AAbb 1 2Aabb 2 1aaBB 1 2aaBb 2 1aabb 1 Nh vy, t 9 kiu gen ca phn li c lp ta c th nhanh chng tm ra c 10 kiu gen ca hon v gen v t l ca n bng cch nhn vi t l ca tng loi giao t. F2 : T l kiu gen T l kiu hnh 66% Thn cao, hoa . 1% + 8% 9% Thn cao,hoa vng 1% + 8% 9% Thn thp, hoa 16% 16% Thn thp, hoa vng Em cam on thay. BT: Mt ph n ln tui nn xy ra s khng phn tch cp NST gii tnh trong gim phn I. i con ca h c th c bao nhiu phn trm sng st b t bin th ba? 25-6-2011 25-6-2011 004: Trong iu kin phng th nghim, ngi ta s dng 3 loi nucltit cu to nn ARN tng hp mt phn t mARN nhn to. Phn t mARN ny ch c th thc hin c dch m khi 3 loi nucltit c s dng l: A. ba loi U, G, X. B. ba loi A, G, X. C. ba loi G, A, U. D. ba loi U, A, X. Gii Ta bit mun dch m phi c b ba m u 5AUG3, v vy phn t mARN ny ch c th thc hin c dch m khi 3 loi nucltit c s dng l: G, A, U. S cho ta cc b ba: GGG, AA, UUU, GGA, .trong c AUG. 3 loi nucltit hoc U, G, X; hoc A, G, X.; hoc U, A, X khng th t chc thnh b AUG. 018: Cho bit gen A tri hon ton so vi gen a trng; sc sng ca giao t mang gen A gp i giao t mang gen a; sc sng ca hp t v ca phi ( pht trin thnh c th con) kiu gen AA = 100%, Aa = 75%, aa = 50%. B v m mang gen d hp th t l kiu hnh ca i con F1 (mi sinh) s l: A. 7 A- : 1 aa B. 7 A- : 2 aa C. 14 A-: 1aa D. 15 A-: 1aa Gii P: Aa x Aa F1: a. Nu sc sng giao t v hp t nh nhau th: F1: AA : Aa : aa b. Nu sc sng ca giao t mang gen A gp i giao t mang gen a; sc sng ca hp t v ca phi kiu gen AA = 100%, Aa = 75%, aa = 50%. Gp: 2/3A: 1/3 a (v sc sng ca giao t mang gen A gp i giao t mang gen a) F1: (2/3A: 1/3 a)(2/3A: 1/3 a) = 4/9AA: 4/9Aa: 1/9aa V sc sng ca hp t v ca phi kiu gen AA = 100%, Aa = 75%, aa = 50%. Nn F1: (4/9 x 100%)AA: (4/9x 75%)Aa: (1/9 x 50%)aa = 4/9AA : 3/9Aa : 1/18aa Ha ng mu s ta c : 8/18AA : 6/18Aa :1/18aa Vy A- : aa = (8 +6) : 1 = 14 : 1 52

Thua thay co may bai ve giam phan cua cac the lech boi, khi mo em gap cung thay lung tung, thay giai gium em hi. 1. O mot loai thuc vat 2n=32. Neu cac the dot bien lech boi sinh san huu tinh binh thuong va cac loai giao tu deu co suc song va kha nang thu tinh nhu nhau thi khi cho co the dot bien mot nhiem kep (2n1-1) tu thu phan, loai hop tu co 31NST o doi con chiem ti le: A. 12,5% B, 25% C. 75% D. 50% Gii P: (2n-1-1) tu thu phan v V d: Ta c b NST 2n = 11-22-33-44-55-66-1515-1616 ( 16 cp ng dng) C th (2n-1-1) c b NST 1-2-33-44-55-66-1515-1616 (khuyt 1 v 2) C th ny s cho loi giao t n, n-1, n-1-1 tn s nh sau: (n): (n-1) : (n-1-1) Vy khi c th ny t th phn ta c: [(n): (n-1) : (n-1-1)]2 = p dng trin khai h thc (a+b+c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc, ta suy ra F1: ()2(2n): ()2(2n-1-1):()2(2n-2-2):2xx (2n-1):2xx(2n-1-1):2xx (2n-2-1) = 1/16(2n):4/16 (2n-1-1):1/16 (2n-2-2):4/16 (2n-1):2/16(2n-1-1):4/16(2n-2-1) = Vy loai hop tu co 31NST o doi con chiem ti le:4/16= 1/4 2. The dot bien mot nhiem kep, trong moi te bao sinh duong deu co 18NST, trong dieu kien giam phan binh thuong, the dot bien nay tao ra loai giao tu 9NST voi ti le bao nhieu? A. 100% B.50% C.75% D. 25% Gii The dot bien mot nhiem kep l 2n-1-1, trong dieu kien giam phan binh thuong, the dot bien nay tao ra loai giao tu 9NST voi ti le bao nhieu? A. 100% B.50% C.75% D. 25%

3. Thay oi co may bai ve di truyen lien ket gioi tinh nua. O mot loai dong vat khi cho con duc F1 co long do chan cao lai phan tich, doi con co 50% con duc(XY) long den chan thap, 25% con cai long do chan cao, 25% con cai long den chan cao. Cho biet tinh chieu cao chan do mot cap gen qui dinh. Cho con duc F1 giao phoi voi con cai long den chan cao o Fb, trong so cac ca the cai duoc sinh ra thi ti le so ca the co long do chan cao co ti le tinh theo li thuyet la bao nhieu? A. 25% B. 12,5% C. 75% D. 50% Em cam on thay nhieu lam. Gii 25-6-2011 Thua thay em o Hue, thay o Dong Ha thay ha? Thay oi co may bai ve di truyen lien ket gioi tinh nua. O mot loai dong vat khi cho con duc F1 co long do chan cao lai phan tich, doi con co 50% con duc(XY) long den chan thap, 25% con cai long do chan cao, 25% con cai long den chan cao. Cho biet tinh chieu cao chan do mot cap gen qui dinh. Cho con duc F1 giao phoi voi con cai long den chan cao o Fb, trong so cac ca the cai duoc sinh ra thi ti le so ca the co long do chan cao co ti le tinh theo li thuyet la bao nhieu? A. 25% B. 12,5% C. 75% D. 50% Em cam on thay nhieu lam. Gii 53

P: ? x ? F1: ? Lai phn tch c F1: c F1 , cao X ci ? ? F2(a): 2 c en, thp: 1 ci , cao: 1 ci en, cao Cch gii: a. Xt tnh trng mu sc km gii tnh: F2(a): 2 c en: 1 ci : 1 ci en - F2(a)c t l c: ci = 1:1 chng t khng c gy cht - F2(a) c, ci biu hin kiu hnh khc nhau, chng t mu sc lin kt gii tnh - Tch ring mu sc m xt ta thy F2(a) phn tnh theo t l 3 en : 1 . Chng t l t l lai phai tch 1 cp tnh trng do tng tc gen khng alen, phn ly c lp, ngha l mu sc do 2 cp gen chi phi, 1 cp nm trn NST thng, 1 cp nm trn NST gii tnh. - Kiu tng tc b tr bi gen tri. - Quy c: A-B: , A-bb, aaB-, aabb: en - Kiu gen ca c F1 v mu sc: AaXBY = ; hoc BbXAY. V gi tr 2 gen tri A, B nh nhau. - S lai phn tch mu sc: F1: AaXBY () X aaXbXb(en) - F2(a): (1Aa : 1aa)(1XBXb : 1XbY) = 1AaXBXb : 1aaXBXb : 1AaXbY: 1aaXbY = 2 c en: 1 ci : 1 ci en b. Xt tnh trng chiu cao km gii tnh: F2(a): 2 c thp: 2 ci cao = 1 c thp: 1 ci cao Chng t cao tri D, thp ln d. Gen chiu cao cng lin kt gii tnh X Kiu gen ca c F1 v chiu cao: XDY S lai phn tch chiu cao: F1: XDY (cao) X XdXd (thp) F2(a): 1 XDXd : XdY = 1 ci cao : 1 c thp: c. Kiu gen ca c F1 v mu sc v chiu cao: AaXBDY (, cao) S lai phn tch c F1 v 2 tnh: AaXBDY (, cao) X aaXbdXbd F2(a): (1Aa : 1aa)(1XBDXbd :1XbdY)= 1AaXBDXbd : 1aaXBDXbd : 1aaXbdY: 1aaXbdY 1 ci , cao : 1 ci en, cao : 2 c en , thp d. Cho con duc F1 giao phoi voi con cai long den chan cao o Fb, trong so cac ca the cai duoc sinh ra thi ti le so ca the co long do chan cao co ti le tinh theo li thuyet la bao nhieu? A. 25% B. 12,5% C. 75% D. 50% (c F1 , cao) AaXBDY X (ci en, cao Fb) aaXBDXbd = (Aa x aa) (XBDY x XBDXbd) = (A-:aa) ( ci B-D-: c B-D-: c bbdd) trong so cac ca the cai duoc sinh ra thi ti le so ca the co long do chan cao co ti le tinh theo li thuyet la = ()2 ci A-B-D + ()2 c A-B-D = 1/2 26-6-2011 Thy i, em li c bi tp ny thy kh qua, thy gip em nha thy. Em cm n thy Ni dung: C c dc c b nhim sc th 2n = 12. Dng th ba ca loi ny c kh nng to ra bao nhiu loi giao t khng bnh thng v s lng nhim sc th trong trng hp khng c trao i cho? Cho rng s kt hp v phn li ca cc nhim sc th din ra hon ton ngu nhin A. 24. B. 64. C. 12. D. 32. Gii 2n = 12 vy c 6 cp NST ng dng: Aa-Bb-Cc-Dd-Ee-Ff Ch hoa NST ca b, ch thng NST ca m; cng mt mu t l cp ng dng. Th ba ( tam nhim = 2n+1) c th c cc dng: -Dng tha 1 NST thuc cp Aa: C 4 loi khc nhau v th. phn NST ca b m ca cp ny: AAa-Bb-Cc-Dd-Ee-Ff; Aaa-Bb-Cc-Dd-Ee-Ff; AAA-Bb-Cc-Dd-Ee-Ff; aaa-Bb-Cc-Dd-Ee-Ff Tng t c cc dng tha 1 NST thuc ln lt cc cp Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff. 54

-Vy nu xt v thnh phn NST ca b m th ta ch c 6 x 4 = 24 loi khc nhau v thnh phn NST ca b m. -Nu xt v hnh thi NST th ta ch c 6 loi khc nhau v hnh thi NST: + Loi tha 1NST thuc cp th nht (A, a); + Loi tha 1NST thuc cp th hai (B, b); + Loi tha 1NST thuc cp th ba (C, c); + Loi tha 1NST thuc cp th t (D, d); + Loi tha 1NST thuc cp th nm (E, e); + Loi tha 1NST thuc cp th su (F, f); hi:Dng th ba ca loi ny c kh nng to ra bao nhiu loi giao t khng bnh thng v s lng nhim sc th, c ngha l ch xt n loi giao t khng bnh thng v mt s lng v hnh thi. - Vi 1 dng tha 1 NST thuc cp Aa, c th cho giao t : + Mang 0 NST v cp ng dng ny (A, a): giao t khng bnh thng n-1; t l 1/8 + Mang 1 NST v cp ng dng ny:giao t bnh thng n; t l 3/8 + Mang 2 NST v cp ng dng ny: giao t khng bnh thng n+1; t l 3/8 + Mang 3 NST v cp ng dng ny: giao t khng bnh thng n+2; t l 1/8 T l ny ng vi h s ca trin khai (a+b)3 = 1a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 Vy c 3 loi giao t khng bnh thng v s lng nhim sc th ca cp ny. Tng cng c 3 x 6 = 18 loi giao t khng bnh thng v s lng nhim sc th EM KIM TRA LI V TR LI CHO THY Thy gii gip em bi ni thy h: mt loi ng vt, tnh trng mu mt do mt cp gen trn NST thng c 3 alen qui nh. Tin hnh 2 php lai v thu c kt qu nh sau: B m em lai Kiu hnh i con Mt lai mt vng 25% mt , 25% mt vng 25% mt hng, 25% mt trng Mt hng lai mt trng 50% mt , 50% mt vng Nu cho c th mt giao phi vi c th mt hng th kiu hnh mt i con c t l ? A. 25% B. 100% C. 50% D. 75% Thy cho em hi th lch bi m gim phn th c ch hnh thnh thoi v sc l rng thy h? V d th ba khi bm v thoi v sc th c hai cp NST ch em bm v cng mt tm ng thy h? Em cm n thy. 4-7-2011 Thy gii ch gim em: Mt loi c b NST 2n=40.Vo k u ca gim phn 1 c 1% t bo xy ra tip hp v trao i cho gia 1 cromatit ca NST s 1 vi 1 cromatit ca NST s 3.Trong s cc giao t c to ra t l giao t b t bin l: A.0.50% B.1% C.0.25% D.0.75% Cm n thy! Tr li: Gi s cp NST s 1 k hiu Aa, NST s 3 k hiu Cc, cc cp khc cch ghi k hiu tng t Bb, Dd, Ee,, Nn Khi vo k u ca gim phn 1 NST t ti dng kp: AA aa, CC cc Khi vo k u ca gim phn 1 c xy ra tip hp v trao i cho gia 1 cromatit ca NST s 1 vi 1 cromatit ca NST s 3, c ngha l c xy ra tip hp v trao i cho gia 1 cromatit ca NST kp AA (hoc aa) vi CC hoc cc. C 4 kh nng xy ra vi xc sut ngang nhau - Cromatit A trao i cho vi C, sau TC s thay i bn cht: A -> A; C ->C - Cromatit A trao i cho vi c, sau TC s thay i bn cht: A -> A; c ->c - Cromatit a trao i cho vi C, sau TC s thay i bn cht: a -> a; C ->C - Cromatit a trao i cho vi c, sau TC s thay i bn cht: a -> a; c ->c 55

- Xt kh nng th nht: Cromatit A trao i cho vi C, sau trao i cho 2 cp NST kp AA aa, CC cc s bin thnh AA aa, CC cc. + Kt thc gim phn 1 s cho ra 4 loi t bo(n kp) xc sut ngang nhau: AA CC = aa cc = AA cc = aaCC = . + Kt thc gim phn 2 s cho giao t * Nu AA CC s cho giao t AC = AC= AC = AC * Nu aa cc s cho giao t ac * Nu AA cc s cho giao t Ac = Ac * Nu aaCC s cho giao t aC = aC = aC = aC Nh vy giao t b t bin l: AC= AC = AC ; Ac ; aC = aC = aC T l giao t t bin trong trng hp ny l: (3/4) + (1/2) + (3/4) = ( + + ) = Vy vi 1 kh nng bt k trong 4 kh nng ta s nhn c t l giao t t bin l x = 1/8. Vi 4 kh nng ta s nhn c giao t bt bin l 1/8 x 4 = =50% Gi x l tng s t bo i vo gim phn. Nu t bo no cng xy ra hin tng nh trn th ta nhn c t l giao t t bin l 50%. Nhng v s t bo c xy ra hin tng trn l 1%, nn t l giao t t bin l 50% x 1% = 0.5% Chon A. Bi ton hay v kh y em CP NHT: 07-7-2011 thy i em thc mc bi ny khi lai gia 2 cy u thun chng, nhn c F1 ch xut hin 1 kiu hnh. Cho F1 giao phi vi mt cy khc cha bit kiu gen, i F2 phn li KH 25% hoa nhat ,kp : 25%nhat, n : 17.5% thm, kp : 17.5% trng, n: 7.5% thm,n: 7.5% trng, kp. bit mi tnh trng quy nh bi 1 cp alen, tri so vi trng, kp tri so vi n xt tng tnh ta c (121)(11)=121121 khc t l phn li KH F2 th loi pl c lp ch em khng hiu l bnh thng nu y l (31)(11) th ch cn khc 121 l loi lun lin kt gen nhng trong trng hp ny l (121)(11) vy lm sao loi lin kt gen hon ton Gii nhanh: Tm tt: Pt/c = ? X ? F1 = ng tnh ? F1 X ? (Z) -> F2 = 25% nht, kp 25% nht, n 17,5% thm, kp 17,5% trng, n: 7,5% thm,n: 7,5% trng, kp. = 250: 250 : 175: 175: 75: 75 = 50: 50: 35: 35: 15: 15 = 10: 10: 7: 7: 3: 3 T = 10 + 10 + 7 + 7 + 3 + 3 = 40 khc 2k. Chng t khng th PLL, LKHT, HVG vi tn s c bit f = 1/2n. M hon v vi tn s bt k khc 1/2n (n, k l s nguyn t nhin) Em mi thy gi tr ca Quy tc s T cng vi nh lut v php lai 2 cp gen d hp m thy cng b vi th gii nm 2002. Mi em vo trang - http://www.thpt-lequydon-quangtri.edu.vn/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=98&get=last#1782 56

http://www.thpt-lequydon-quangtri.edu.vn/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=81&get=last#1777 Gii chi tit:

Bc 1: Tch tng tnh m xt v kt lun kiu gen cho mi tnh. - Xt tnh trng mu sc: F1 x ? (c th Z) -> F2 = 25% nht: 25% nht:17,5% thm:17,5% trng:7,5% thm:7,5% trng = (25%+25%) nht: (17,5% +7,5%) thm:(17,5% +7,5%) trng = 1 thm : 2 nht :1 trng Vy thm l tri khng hon ton so vi trng, nht l tnh trng trung gian gia thm v trng. Quy c gen: A (gch ngang trn u ch A) : thm, a : trng. Kiu gen ca c th F1 v Z: Aa x Aa - Xt tnh trng hnh dng: F1 = ng tnh ? F1 X ? (Z) -> F2 = 25% kp: 25% n: 17,5% kp: 17,5% n: 7,5% n: 7,5% kp = 1 kp: 1 n. Quy c gen: B: kp; b: n Kiu gen ca F1 v Z : Bb x bb (ngc li) Bc 2: Kim nh quan h t bo hc gia 2 cp tnh trng Ta thy tch i s kt qu 2 php lai 1 tnh = (1 thm : 2 nht : 1 trng) ( 1 kp: 1 n) = 1 thm, kp : 2 nht, kp: 1 trng, kp : 1 thm,n: 2 nht, n : 1 trng, n: Khc t l F2 ca php lai 2 tnh = 10 nht, kp:10 nht, n:7 thm, kp:7 trng,n:3 thm,n: 3 trng, kp. Chng t c hon v gen. Kiu gen ca c th F1 v c th Z l: Mt bn phi mang 2 cp gen d hp Aa v Bb (mt trong 2 kh nng AB/ab hay Ab/aB) cn bn kia phi l Ab/ab Ta c: Kiu hnh trng,n i F2 = aabb =7/40. Suy ra tn s giao t ab ca c th mang 2 cp gen d hp l 7/40 x 2 = 14/40 = 0,35 > 0,25 Vy c th mang 2 cp d hp phi l d hp cng bn AB/ab; cn bn kia Ab/ab Tn s hon v gen: f = 1 - (2 x 0, 35) = 0,3 = 30 % Ta c kiu gen ca P, F1, c th Z nh sau: - Trng hp 1: F1 AB/ab c th Z: Ab/ab P: AB/AB x ab /ab F1: AB/ab F1 x Z = AB/ab x AB/ab - Trng hp 2: F1 Ab/ab c th Z: AB/ab P: Ab/Ab x ab /ab F1: Ab/ab F1 x Z = AB/ab X AB/ab 09-7-2011 : BIT MI GEN QUY NH 1 TNH TRNG, GEN TRI L TRI HON TON.TRONG TRNG HP KHNG XY RA T BIN,THEO L THUYT PHP LAI NO CHO I CON NHIU LOI KIU HNH NHT: A AaBbDd x AaBbDd B AB/ab DE/dE x AB/ab DE/dE C Ab/aB Dd x AB/ab dd D Ab/aB XDXd x AB/ab XDY CNG CU TRN NHNG I LI L KGEN TR LI A P: AaBbDd x AaBbDd = (Aa x Aa) (Bb x Bb) (Dd x Dd) 57

F1: - SNKG = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 - SNKH= 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 B P: AB/ab DE/dE x AB/ab DE/dE= (AB/ab x AB/ab) (DE/dE x DE/dE) F1: - SNKG = 10 x 3 =30 - SNKH = 4 x 2 = 8 C P: Ab/aB Dd x AB/ab dd = (Ab/aB x AB/ab) (Dd x dd) F1: - SNKG = 10 x 2 =20 - SNKH = 4 x 2 = 8 D P: Ab/aB XDXd x AB/ab XDY = (Ab/aB x AB/ab) (XDXd x XDY) F1: - SNKG = 10 x 4 =40 (NHIU LOI KIU GEN NHT) - SNKH = 4 x 3 = 12 (NHIU LOI KIU HNH NHT) == Ngi ta cho 8 cy ng thn cao ht l tri hon ton t th phn thu c: 900 cao , 300 cao, vng 60 thp, 20 thp , vng Hy xc nh s cy c cng KG ca 8 cy ng em t th phn.Cho bit mi cy t th phn u cho s ht bng nhau v pht trin bnh thng,mi gen quy nh 1 tnh trng v di truyn pllp DS 6 cy AABb v 2 cy AaBb Gii Xt chiu cao: A: cao, a: thp F1: (900 + 300) cao : (60 + 20) thp = 15 A- : 1aa Gi x l s c th AA, => s c th Aa = 8-x P: x/8 (AA)2 : (8-x)/8 (Aa)2 F1: x/8 AA : (8-x)/8 ( AA : Aa : aa) = {x/8 + [(8-x)/8)] [3/4]} A- : (8-x)/32 aa Suy ra t l aa = 1/16 = (8-x)/32 => (8-x) =2 => x = 6 Vy c 6 cy AA, 2 cy Aa Xt mu sc: B: , b: thp F1: (900 + 60) : (300 + 20) vng = 3B- : 1bb Gi y l s c th BB, => s c th bb = 8-y P: y/8 (BB)2 : (8-y)/8 (Bb)2 F1: y/8 BB : (8-y)/8 ( BB : Bb : bb) = {y/8 + [(8-y)/8)] [3/4]} B- : (8-y)/32 bb Suy ra t l bb = 1/4 = (8-y)/32 => (8-y) =8 => y = 0 Vy c 8 cy BB, 0 cy Bb Vy xt 2 tnh c: 6 cy AABb v 2 cy AaBb 12-7-2011 58

BI TON: Cho bit gen nm trn NST gii tnh X; gen A: mt , gen a: mt trng; con c XY, con ci XX; sc sng giao t, hp t ngang nhau; khng b p lc ca t bin; cc c th giao phi t do. Th h xut pht P0 c t l kiu gen nh sau: P0 = 2XAY : 6XaY: 2XAXA : 1XAXa : 7XaXa . Hi a) i F1, F2 c t l kiu gen, kiu hnh nh th no? b) Khi t trng thi cn bng v mt di truyn th tn s alen A, a v t l kiu gen trong qun th nh th no? CCH GII TH 1: Tn s giao t mang lan A, a ca th h P0 + gii XY: p1(A) = ; q1(a) = + gii XX: p2(A) = [(2 x 2) + 1] / [(2 +1 +7) x 2] = 5/20 =1/4 q2(a) = 1- = Tn s giao t ca alen A, a xt chung c 2 gii: p(A) = 1/3 p1 + 2/3 p2 = (1/3 x ) + (2/3 x ) = 3/12 =1/4 q(a) = 1- = Vy F1: +Gii XY: 1/4 XAY : 3/4XaY +Gii XX: (1/3)2 XAXA : 2 x 1/3 x 2/3 XAXa : (2/3)2XaXa = 1/9 XAXA : 4/9 XAXa : 4/9XaXa = F1 = 9/36XAY:27/36XaY:4/36XAXA:16/36 XAXa:16/36XaXa F1 = 9XAY:27XaY:4XAXA:16 XAXa:16XaXa Ta tnh tn s giao t mang lan A, a ca th h F1 gii XY: Tn s giao t nh sau p1(A) = 9/36 =1/4; q1(a) = 3/4 gii XX: Tn s giao t nh sau p2(A) = [(4 x 2) + 16] / [36 x 2] = 24/72 = 1/3 q2(a) = 1- 1/3 = 2/3 Tn s giao t ca alen A, a xt chung c 2 gii: p(A) = [ + 2(1/3)]/3=1/4 + 2/3 = 11/36 q(a) = 25/36 F2: + Gii XY: 11/36 XAY : 25/36XaY + Gii XX: (11/36)2 XAXA : 2 x 11/36 x 25/36XAXa: (25/36)2XaXa Tip tc tnh tn s giao t cha alen A, a qua tng th h v t tnh F2, F3, F4Fn. V LKGT nn khng p dng c nh lut Hardy-Wenberg

CCH GII TH 2: P0 = 2XAY : 6XaY: 2XAXA : 1XAXa : 7XaXa = ( XAY : XaY) (2/10XAXA : 1/10XAXa : 7/10XaXa ) = = 2/40 (XAY x XAXA) + 1/40(XAY x XAXa) + 7/40(XAY x Xa Xa) + 6/40 (XaY x XAXA) + 3/40(XaY x XAXa) + 21/40(XaY x Xa Xa) F1: 2/40 ( XAY : XAXA) +1/40 (XAY : XaY :XAXA :XAXa) + 7/40(XAY:Xa Xa) + 6/40 ( XAY : XAXa) +3/40 (XAY : XaY :XAXA :XAXa) + 21/40(XaY:Xa Xa) = 4/160XAY : 4/160XAXA : 1/160 XAY : 1/160XaY : 1/160XAXA : 1/160XAXa : 14/160XAY : 14/160XaXa : 12/160XAY : 12/160XAXa : 3/160 XAY : 3/160XaY :3/160XAXA :3/160XAXa :42/160XaY : 42/160XaXa = 59

(4+1+14+12+3)/160XAY:(1+3+42)/160XaY:(4+1+3)/160XAXA:(1+12+3)/160XAXa:(14+42)/160XaXa = 34/160 XAY: 46/160XaY : 8/160XAXA : 16/160XAXa : 56/160XaXa = 17/80 XAY: 23/80XaY : 4/80XAXA : 8/80XAXa : 28/80XaXa = F1: 17 XAY: 23XaY : 4XAXA : 8XAXa : 28XaXa = Sau 1 th h c, ci t l bng nhau; lc ny ta tnh tn s giao t c, ci mang alen A, a ca F1 nh sau gii XY: Tn s giao t nh sau p1(A) = 17/40; q1(a) = 23/40 gii XX: Tn s giao t nh sau p2(A) = [(4 x 2) + 8] / [(4 +8 +28) x 2] = 16/80 =1/5 q2(a) = 1- 1/5 =4/5 Tn s giao t ca alen A, a xt chung c 2 gii: p(A) = 1/3 p1 + 2/3 p2 = (1/3 x 17/40) + (2/3 x 1/5) = 17/120 + 2/15 = 33/120 q(a) = 1- 33/120 = 87/120 Qun th t trng thi cn bng khi Fn: + Gii XY: 33/120 XAY : 87/120XaY + Gii XX: (33/120)2 XAXA : 2 x 33/120 x 87/120 XAXa : (87/120)2XaXa = 1089/14400 XAXA : 5742/14400 XAXa : 7569/14400XaXa = Chung c 2 gii ta c: Fn : 3960/14400 XAY : 10440/14400XaY: 1089/14400 XAXA : 5742/14400 XAXa : 7569/14400XaXa = 27,5% XAY : 72,5%XaY: 7,5625% XAXA : 39,875% XAXa : 52,5625%XaXa = V lin kt gii tnh nn sau 1 th h ngu phi vn cha t cn bng di truyn , m phi qua nhiu th h ngu phi == CCH GII TH 3: P0 = 2XAY : 6XaY: 2XAXA : 1XAXa : 7XaXa Tn s giao t ca mi gii th h P0 - gii XY: Y: 1/8XA : 3/8Xa - gii XX: XA : Xa F1: ( Y: 1/8XA : 3/8Xa ) ( XA : Xa ) = 1/8 XAY: 3/8XaY: 1/32 XAXA : 6/32 XAXa: 9/321/32 XAXA Ta thy kt qu F1 ca 3 cch gii khc NHAU. Cch no ng? 15-7-2011 mui st xut huyt Aedes aegypti, b gy bnh thng c mu trng c. Tnh trng mu sc thn b gy do mt gen trn nhim sc th thng quy nh. Mt t bin ln gen ny lm cho thn b gy c mu en. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta cho giao phi ngu nhin 100 cp mui b m, thu c 10000 trng v cho n thnh 10000 b gy, trong s c 100 b gy thn en. Do mun loi b t bin ny ra khi qun th, ngi ta loi b i tt c cc b gy thn en. Gi s rng khng c t bin mi xy ra. Tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l A. p = 0,91 v q = 0,09. B. p = 0,90 v q = 0,10. C. p = 0,80 v q = 0,20. D. p = 0,81 v q = 0,19. Gi p tn s alen A, q tn s alen a (thn en) khi cha b loi. Ta c tn s kiu gen ban u: p2AA : 2pq Aa : q2 aa Suy ra q = Cn bc hai ca 100/10.000 =1/10 p = 1 0,1 = 0,9 Vy ban u tn s kiu gen nh sau: 60

AA = (0,9)2 = 0,81 Aa = 2 x 0,9 x 0,1 = 0,18 aa = (0,1)2 = 0.01 Nu loi b ton b b gy thn en aa th tn s kiu gen ca qun th mi l: 0,81/(0,81+0,18) AA : 0,18/(0,81+0,18) aa = 0,8182 AA : 0,1818 aa Vy tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l: p(A) = 0,8182 ; q(a) = 0,1818 Nh vy khng c p s no tha mn 16-7-2011 Cu 8: mt loi thc vt lng bi, xt hai cp gen Aa v Bb nm trn hai cp nhim sc th thng khc nhau. Nu mt qun th ca loi ny ang trng thi cn bng di truyn v c hai cp gen trn, trong tn s ca alen A l 0,2; tn s ca alen B l 0,4 th t l kiu gen AABb l A. 1,92% B. 3,25% C. 0,96% Gii: T l kiu gen AABb = [p(A)]2 x [ 2 x p(B) x q(b)] = (0,2)2 x [2 x 0,4 x (1-0,4)] = 0,04 x 0,48 = 1,92% Cu 12: Mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh hoa l tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh hoa trng. Th h ban u (P) ca mt qun th c tn s cc kiu gen l 0,5Aa:0,5aa. Cc c th ca qun th ngn phi v khng c cc yu t lm thay i tn s alen, tnh theo l thuyt, t l kiu hnh th h F1 l: A. B. C. D. 1 cy hoa : 1 cy hoa trng 7 cy hoa : 9 cy hoa trng 3 cy hoa : 1 cy hoa trng 9 cy hoa : 7 cy hoa trng Gii: Ta c p(A) = 0,5/2 = 0,25; q(a) = 1- 0,25 = 0,75 F1: ( 0,25)2 AA : 2 x 0,25 x 0,75 Aa : (0,75)2 aa = 0,0625 AA : 0,375 Aa : 0,5625 aa Vy F1: 0,4375 A- : 0,5625 aa = 7 cy hoa : 9 cy hoa trng 16-7-2011 15-7-2011 : mui st xut huyt Aedes aegypti, b gy bnh thng c mu trng c. Tnh trng mu sc thn b gy do mt gen trn nhim sc th thng quy nh. Mt t bin ln gen ny lm cho thn b gy c mu en. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta cho giao phi ngu nhin 100 cp mui b m, thu c 10000 trng v cho n thnh 10000 b gy, trong s c 100 b gy thn en. Do mun loi b t bin ny ra khi qun th, ngi ta loi b i tt c cc b gy thn en. Gi s rng khng c t bin mi xy ra. Tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l 61 D. 0,04%

A. p = 0,91 v q = 0,09. C. p = 0,80 v q = 0,20. GII:

B. p = 0,90 v q = 0,10. D. p = 0,81 v q = 0,19.

Gi p tn s alen A, q tn s alen a (thn en) khi cha b loi. Ta c tn s kiu gen ban u: p2AA : 2pq Aa : q2 aa Suy ra q = Cn bc hai ca 100/10.000 =1/10 p = 1 0,1 = 0,9 Vy ban u tn s kiu gen nh sau: AA = (0,9)2 = 0,81 Aa = 2 x 0,9 x 0,1 = 0,18 aa = (0,1)2 = 0.01 Nu loi b ton b b gy thn en aa th tn s kiu gen ca qun th mi l: 0,81/(0,81+0,18) AA : 0,18/(0,81+0,18) Aa = 0,8182 AA : 0,1818 Aa Vy tn s alen ca qun th mui khi loi b b gy thn en l: p(A) = [(0,8182 x2) + 0,1818]/2 = 0,9091; q(a) = 1-0,9091 = 0,0909 == 17-7-2011

B1. Ta thy bnh biu hin c 2 gii v lin tc qua cc th h. Chng t khng th kt lun bnh ny di truyn LKGT m phi kt lun bnh do gen nm trn NST thng 62

B2. Bnh ny do gen tr hay ln? Bnh khng th do gen ln v III12 v III13 ly nhau sinh ra IV18, IV19 khng b bnh. Vy bnh ny do gen tri A, lnh bnh do alen ln a Vy kiu gen ca cc nhn vt l: - Th h th nht: I1:aa. ; I2: Aa - Th h th hai: II3:aa; II4:Aa; II5:Aa; II6Aa; II7:aa; I8aa - Th h th ba: III9:aa; III10:Aa; III11:aa; III12Aa; III13Aa; III14,25,26: aa -Th h th t: IV18,19: aa. Ring c IV17 v IV20: KHNG XC NH CHC CHN C; C TH AA hoc Aa. VY CHN P N A. ======== Em rt yu sinh hc v t hc nn c nhiu ch thc mc , lun mun tm nhng cch gii ,cng thc nhanh,thy my topic thy lp ra trn din n hay qu !mong thy gip em,nm sau em hoc 12 ri 1- Cho bit khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt,xc sut mt ngi con c 2 alen tri ca 1 cp v chng u c kiu gen AaBbDd l A.3/32 B 15/64 C 27/64 D 5/16 TR LI : Bng (t hp ca 6 phn t chp 2 khng lp)/26 = C62/26 = 15/64 2 rui gim, alen A quy nh thn xm tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn en, alen B quy nh cnh di tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh cnh ct. Cc gen quy nh mu thn v hnh dng cnh u nm trn mt nhim sc th thng. Alen D quy nh mt tri hon ton so vi alen d quy nh mt trng nm trn on khng tng ng ca nhim sc th gii tnh X. Cho giao phi rui ci thn xm, cnh di, mt vi rui c thn xm, cnh di, mt (P), trong tng s cc rui thu c F1, rui c kiu hnh thn en, cnh ct, mt trng chim t l 2,5%. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, t l kiu hnh thn xm, cnh di, mt F1 l A.7,5% B. 30,0% C. 60,0% D. 45,0% TR LI P: rui ci thn xm, cnh di, mt A-B-XDX? x A-B-XDY rui c thn xm, cnh di, mt F1:rui c kiu hnh thn en, cnh ct, mt trng chim t l 2,5% Rui F1 thn n, cnh ct, mt trng (aabbdd) phi l rui cXY, khng th l rui ci XX, v rui c P c kiu gen A-B-XDY. Vy rui ci P c kiu gen A-B-XDXd P : A-B-XDXd x A-B-XDY = (A-B- x A-B-) ( XDXd x XDY) Suy ra rui F1 c kiu hnh thn en, cnh ct, mt trng aabbXdY= l 2,5% l rui c. (aabb) (1/4) = 2,5% . Suy ra aabb= 10%. Suy ra tn s giao t ci ab = 20% (v con c LKHT-theo LT). Vy hon v 40% rui ci. Kiu gen P: Ci Ab/aBXDXd x Ab/aBXDY aabb= 10% => A-bb = 15% => A-B- = 60% Kiu hnh thn xm, cnh di, mt F1 l : A-B-XDX- + A-B-XDY = (A-B-) (XDX- + XDY) = 60% x = D. 45,0% 3- mt loi thc vt, alen A quy nh thn cao tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh thn thp; alen B quy nh hoa tri hon ton so vi alen b quy nh hoa trng; alen D quy nh qu trn tri hon ton so vi alen d quy nh qu di. Cho cy thn cao, hoa , qu trn (P) t th phn, thu c F1 gm 63

301 cy thn cao, hoa , qu di ; 99 cy thn cao, hoa trng, qu di; 600 cy thn cao, hoa , qu trn; 199 cy thn cao, hoa trng , qu trn; 301 cy thn thp, hoa , qu trn; 100 cy thn thp,hoa trng, qu trn. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, kiu gen ca (P) l A. Ad/aD Bb B.. AB/ab Dd C. AD/ad Bb D. Bd/bD Aa TR LI P: thn cao, hoa , qu trn A-B-D(P) t th phn, thu c F1: 301 cy thn cao, hoa , qu di 100 cy thn thp,hoa trng, qu trn. 301 cy thn thp, hoa , qu trn; 99 cy thn cao, hoa trng, qu di 600 cy thn cao, hoa , qu trn; 199 cy thn cao, hoa trng , qu trn; A-B-dd aabbDaaB-DA-bbdd A-B-DA-bbD-

Bc 1 xt tng tnh - Xt chiu cao: F1: (301 + 99 + 600 + 199 ) thn cao : (100 + 301) thn thp = 1199 thn cao : 401 cy thn thp = 3 thn cao : 1 thn thp => P: Aa x Aa - Xt mu sc: F1: (301 301+ 600) hoa : (100 + 99 + 199) hoa trng = 3 : 1 trng => P: Bb xBb - Xt chiu di: F1: (100 + 301 + 600) qu trn: (301 + 99) qu di = 3 trn 1 di => P: Dd x Dd Bc 2: Xt 2 tnh - Chiu cao v mu sc: F1 301 + 600 = 901 cy thn cao, hoa A-B 99 + 199 = 298 cy thn cao, hoa trng A-bb 301 cy thn thp, hoa , aaB100 cy thn thp,hoa trng aabb = 9A-B- : 3A-bb : 3aaB- : 1aabb = (3A- :1aa) (3B- :1bb) Chng t 2 cp tnh trng ny di truyn PLL. - Mu sc v chiu di: F1: 301 + 600 = 901 cy hoa , qu trn; B-D199 + 100 = 299 cy hoa trng , qu trn; bbD301 cy hoa , qu di B-dd 99 cy hoa trng, qu di bbdd = 9B-D- : 3bbD- : 3B-dd : 1 bbdd = (3D- :1dd) (3B- :1bb) Chng t 2 cp tnh trng ny di truyn PLL. - Chiu cao v mu sc F1: Chc chn 2 cp tnh trng ny di truyn lin kt: V 301 + 99 = 400 cy thn cao, qu di A-dd 100 + 301 = 401 cy thn thp, qu trn. aaD600 + 199 = cy thn cao, qu trn; A-D= 1A-dd : 2 A-D- : 1 aaDKhc (3D :1dd) (3A-:1aa) Vy p n: Ad/aD Bb

64

4-Trong qun th ca mt loi th, xt hai lcut: lcut mt c 3 alen l A 1, A2, A3; lcut hai c 2 alen l B v b. C hai lcut u nm trn on khng tng ng ca nhim sc th gii tnh X v cc alen ca hai lcut ny lin kt khng hon ton. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, s kiu gen ti a v hai lcut trn trong qun th ny l: A 18 B 36 C 30 D 27 Trong gii XX ta c - Gia A1, A2 v B, b ta c 10 kiu gen + A1B/A1B; A1b/A1b; A2B/A2B; A2b/A2b + A1B/A1b; A2B/A2b; A1B/A2B; A1b/A2b + A1B/A2b; A1b/A2B - Gia A1, A3 v B, b ta c 10 kiu gen, trng 3 cn 7 + A1B/A1B; A1b/A1b; A3B/A3B; A3b/A3b + A1B/A1b; A3B/A3b; A1B/A3B; A1b/A3b + A1B/A3b; A1b/A3B Gia A2, A3 v B, b ta c 10 kiu gen trng 6 cn 4 + A2B/A2B; A2b/A2b; A3B/A3B; A3b/A3b + A2B/A2b; A3B/A3b; A2B/A3B; A2b/A3b + A2B/A3b; A2b/A3B

Trong gii XY ta c 6 kiu gen (tr kiu trng) - Gia A1, A2 v B, b ta c 4 kiu gen XA1BY, XA2BY, XA1bY, XA2bY - Gia A1, A3 v B, b ta c 4 kiu gen XA1BY, XA3BY, XA1bY, XA3bY - Gia A2, A3 v B, b ta c 4 kiu gen XA3BY, XA2BY, XA3bY, XA2bY Vy s kiu gen l: 10 +7 + 4 + 6 = 27 5- ng, c 3 gen khng alen phn li c lp, tc ng qua li cng quy nh mu sc ht, mi gen u c 2 alen (A, a; B, b; R, r). Khi trong kiu gen c mt ng thi c 3 alen tri A, B, R cho ht c mu; cc kiu gen cn li u cho ht khng mu. Ly phn ca cy mc t ht c mu (P) th phn cho 2 cy: - Cy th nht c kiu gen aabbRR thu c cc cy lai c 50% s cy ht c mu; - Cy th hai c kiu gen aaBBrr thu c cc cy lai c 25% s cy cho ht c Kiu gen ca cy (P) l A.AaBBRr. B. AABbRr. C. AaBbRr. D. AaBbRR. TR LI A-B-R-: ht c mu; cc trng hp cn li: Ht khng mu Pa: Cy th nht aabbRR x A-B-RF1a: 50% s cy ht c mu A-B-R-; Suy ra P: AaBBR- hoc AABbRPb: Cy th hai aaBBrr x A-B-RF1b: 25% s cy ht c mu A-B-R-; Suy ra P: AaBBRr 24-7-2011 titagozen201 65

1-Trong qun th ca mt loi th, xt hai lcut: lcut mt c 3 alen l A 1, A2, A3; lcut hai c 2 alen l B v b. C hai lcut u nm trn on khng tng ng ca nhim sc th gii tnh X v cc alen ca hai lcut ny lin kt khng hon ton. Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, tnh theo l thuyt, s kiu gen ti a v hai lcut trn trong qun th ny l: A 18 B 36 C 30 D 27 2: ng, c 3 gen khng alen phn li c lp, tc ng qua li cng quy nh mu sc ht, mi gen u c 2 alen (A, a; B, b; R, r). Khi trong kiu gen c mt ng thi c 3 alen tri A, B, R cho ht c mu; cc kiu gen cn li u cho ht khng mu. Ly phn ca cy mc t ht c mu (P) th phn cho 2 cy: Cy th nht c kiu gen aabbRR thu c cc cy lai c 50% s cy ht c mu; Cy th hai c kiu gen aaBBrr thu c cc cy lai c 25% s cy cho ht c mu. Kiu gen ca cy (P) l A.AaBBRr. B. AABbRr. C. AaBbRr. D. AaBbRR 3- Mt ngi n ng xt cp NST 22(ch quan tm n 2 cp gen) v cp NST 23 trong t bo sinh tinh Cho rng khi GP cp nst 23 khng phn li gp2, cp nst 22 phn li bnh thng.s loi giao t ti a c to thnh nu cp nst th 22 c 2 cp gen u d hp : DS 20 4-Trong 1 loi ,c 2 loi giao t ca 1 c th vi k hiu gen trn nst thng v nst gii tnh l AB DE HI XM v ab de hi Xm trong trng hp xy ra ri lon gp2,cp nst gii tnh khng phn li cc cp khc pl bnh thng S loi giao t t bin s lng nst ti a ca c th trn l DS 24

01-8-2011
Lan Anh Nguyn lananhcvp@gmail.com Em cho thy, c bt ny e thc mc mong thy ch gim: 1 loi thc vt, A: , a: vng.Trong qun th giao phi a hnh gm c dng lng bi, tam bi, t bi.C bao nhiu php lai c th cho kt qu 5 qu : 1 qu vng. Liu bi ny c cng thc tnh nhanh ko ? Lng bi: AA, Aa, aa Kiu gen Kiu giao t AA A Aa A = a =1/2 aa a Tam bi: AAA, AAa, Aaa, aaa ( giao t bt th) T bi: AAAA, Aaaa, Aaaa, Aaaa, aaaa Kiu gen Kiu giao t hu th AAAA AA AAAa AA = Aa =1/2 AAaa AA = aa =1/6; Aa = 4/6 66

Aaaa aaaa

Aa = aa = 1/2 Aa

Ch c dng lng bi v t bi l hu th cn tam bi bt th. P: ? X ? F1: 5 : 1 trng Trng c 3 kh nng: hoc aa, hoc aaa, hoc aaaa chim t l 1/6 - Nu trng aa: Khng th c php lai tng ng - Nu trng aaa = 1/6. Suy ra: + mt bn cho giao t aa = 1/3 v bn kia cho giao t a = : Khng th c mt bn cho giao t aa = 1/3. + mt bn cho giao t aa = 1/2 v bn kia cho giao t a = 1/3. Khng th c mt bn cho giao t a = 1/3. + mt bn cho giao t aa = 1/6 v bn kia cho giao t a = 1 Ta c P1 : Aaaa (4n) x aa (2n) - Nu trng aaaa = 1/6. Suy ra: + mt bn cho giao t aa = 1/6 v bn kia cho giao t aa = 1 Ta c P2 : Aaaa (4n) x aaaa (4n) Vy ch c 2 trng hp: P1 : Aaaa (4n) x aa (2n) P2 : Aaaa (4n) x aaaa (4n)

16-9-2011
Thy i, thy cso th hng dn em lm bi ny ko em ^^: em lm mi m ko ra, mong thy gip
Nilsson-Ehle nghin cu quy lut di truyn mu sc ht la m. Trong mt th nghim, ng lai dng la m thun chng ht mu trng v vi nhau thu c F1, F2 c cng mu . Khi cho tng cng 78 cy F2 t th phn , ng thu c kt qu nh sau: -50 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3 : ton b -15 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3: 15 : 1 trng -8 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3: 3 : 1 trng -5 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3: 63 : 1 trng a, C bao nhiu gen tham gia quy nh tnh trng? Xc nh kiu gen ca dng b, m v F1. b, C bao nhiu lp kiu hnh F2? theo l thuyt t l cy ht trng l bao nhiu? v sao ko thy kiu hnh ht trng F2? TR LI CHO EM a) V c 5 cy F2 t th phn cho F3 t l: 63 : 1 trng => c 63 + 1 = 64 kiu t hp giao t => nhng cy F2 ny mang 3 cp gen d hp PLL => Tng tc cng gp. C th rng c 1 alen tri c mt trong kiu gen th lm mu thm m. Khng mang alen tri no th ht c mu trng. - 6 alen tri: Mu sm (++++++) (AABBDD) - 5 alen tri: Mu hi sm (+++++) - 4 alen tri: Mu ti (++++) - 3 alen tri: Mu (+++) - 2 alen tri: Mu nht (++) - 1 alen tri: Mu rt nht (+) - 0 alen tri: Mu trng (aabbdd) Vy kiu gen ca P: AABBDD ( sm) x aabbdd ( trng) F1: AaBbDd (Mu ) F2: Theo l thuyt (1AA: 2Aa: 1aa) (1BB: 2Bb: 1bb) (1DD: 2Dd: 1dd) = 1AABBDD:2AABbDD:1AAbbDD:2AaBBDD:4AaBbDD:2AabbDD:1aaBBDD:2aaBbDD:1aabbDD: 2AABBDd :4AABbDd :2AAbbDd : 4AaBBDd:8AaBbDd :4AabbDd :2aaBBDd :4aaBbDd:2aabbDd: 1AABBdd :2AABbdd :1AAbbdd :2AaBBdd :4AaBbdd :2Aabbdd :1aaBBdd :2aaBbdd :1aabbdd V F2 ch c 78 cy, nn xc sut cha bt gp cy trng aabbdd. V vy 78 cy F2 s ri vo nhng kiu gen cn li (trong s 27 kiu gen ca F2, c 1 kiu gen aabbdd chim t l 1/64, 26 kiu gen c mang t nht 1 alen tri chim t l 63/64)

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b) F2 theo l thuyt s c 27 nhm kiu gen khc nhau chia lm 7 lp kiu hnh t l: 1 sm : 6 hi sm : 15 ti: 20 : 15 nht : 6 rt nht: 1 trng = Tng ng vi 2 nhm 63 c mu sc : 1 khng mu (trng) c) Kiu gen ca 78 F2 thu c trong thc t: + 50 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3 : ton b => Nhng cy ny phi mang t nht 1 cp gen ng hp tri +15 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3: 15 : 1 trng => Nhng cy ny phi mang 2 cp gen d hp v 1 cp ng hp ln +8 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3: 3 : 1 trng => Nhng cy ny phi mang 2 cp ng hp tri v 1 cp d hp +5 cy F2 t th phn cho -> F3: 63 : 1 trng => Nhng cy ny phi mang 3 cp hp

23-10-2011
ngi 2n=46.Tnh xc sut sinh ra mt a tr nhn c t nht mt cp NST, trong c mt NST ca ng ni v mt NST ca b ngoi? p n ca c gio em l: Vi 1 cp NST c: - 1 chic ca ng NI hoc b NI vi xc sut = 1/2 - 1 chic ca ng NGOI hoc B NGOI vi xc sut = 1/2 XS mang 1 chic ca ng NI + 1chic ca b NGOI = 1/2.1/2=1/4 XS khng mang 1 chic ca ng NI + 1chic ca b NGOI = 1-1/4 = 3/4 Vy XS cn tm = 1-(3/4)^23 Gii Xc sut c 1 a tre cha 1 NST ca ng ni v 1 nhim sc th ca b ngoi. a tr c 2n = 46 NST, gm: 23 NST t tinh trng ca b + 23 NST t trng ca m. Nu xt v th h ng, b th theo a tr c cha: 1 NST ca ng ni + 22 NST ca b ni do tinh trng ca b 1 NST ca b ngoi + 22 NST ca ng ngoi do tinh trng ca m Vy xc sut d l: bnh phng ca t hp 23 phn t chp 1 khng lp chia cho 4 m 23 (C1 x C1 )/423 = 232 /423
23 23 23

04/11/2011
Cu 11: mt loi thc vt, tnh trng hnh dng qu do hai gen khng alen phn li c lp cng quy nh. Khi trong kiu gen c mt ng thi c hai alen tri A v B cho qu dt, khi ch c mt trong hai alen cho qu trn v khi khng c alen tri no cho qu di. Tnh trng mu sc hoa do mt gen c 2 alen quy nh, alen D quy nh hoa tri hon ton so vi alen d quy nh hoa trng. Cho cy qu dt. hoa (P) t th phn, thu c F1 c kiu hnh phn li theo t l 6 cy qu dt, hoa : 5 cy qu trn, hoa trng : 3 cy qu dt, hoa trng :1 cy qu trn hoa trng : 1 cy qu di, hoa . Bit rng khng xy ra t bin, kiu gen no ca (P) sau y ph hp vi kt qu trn? A Ad/aD Bb (GII THCH R TAI SAO BIT CP AaDd LK M KHNG PHI L BbDd LKT) B BD/bd Aa C Ad/AD BB
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D AD/ad Bb Cu 36: mt loi thc vt, xt cp gen Bb nm trn nhim sc th thng, mi alen u c 1200 nucltit. Alen B c 301 nucltit loi anin, alen b c s lng 4 loi nucltit bng nhau. Cho hai cy c kiu gen Bb giao phn vi nhau, trong s cc hp t thu c, c mt loi hp t cha tng s nucltit loi guanin ca cc alen ni trn bng 1199. Kiu gen ca loi hp t ny l A.Bbbb B. BBbb C.Bbb D. BBb

15/11/2011
1, Mt qun th a bi gm 2000AAAA, 500AAaa, 1500aaaa a,Tnh tn s cc alen. b, Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th sau 1 th h ngu phi., 5 th h ngu phi. tnh xc sut thu c t l kiu hnh tri sau 1 th h t th phn. 2, cho F1 c kiu gen: AB//abDd ngu phi. a, Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th sau 5 th h trong trng hp cc gen lin kt hon ton. b. Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th sau 5 th h trong trng hp cc gen lin kt hon ton, 100dd bt th.

22/11/2011
Xet 4 gen (I) co 3 alen nam tren NST thuong.Gen (II) va gen (III) deu co 2 alen nam tren NST gioi tinh X (khong co alen tuong ung tren Y).gen (IV) co 3 alen nam tren NST gioi tinh Y (khong co alen tuong ung nam tren X).Theo ly thuyet so kieu gen toi da ve cac locut tren trong quan the la bao nhieu? Gii Gen I c 3 alen nam tren NST thuong vy c 3 kiu gen: DD, Dd, dd Gen II & III c 2 alen nm trn NST X vy + Gii XX c 10 kiu gen: XABXAB, XAbXAb, XaBXaB, XabXab, XABXab, XAbXaB, XABXAb, XaBXab, XABXaB, XAbXab, + Gii XY c 4 kiu genXABY, XAbY, XaBY, XabY Gen IV c 3 alen nm trn Y vy c + Gii XX: c 1 kiu gen XX + Gii XY c 3 kiu gen: . XYe1, XYe2, XYe3 Vy s kiu gen ti a l: -Gi XX : 3 x 10 x 1= 30 -Gii XY : 3 x 4 x 3 = 36 C 2 gii c 30 + 36 = 66 kiu gen ==================

29/5/2012
Cu 18: ngi, gen ln gy bnh bch tng nm trn nhim sc th thng, alen tri tng ng quy nh da bnh thng. Gi s trong qun th ngi, c trong 100 ngi da bnh thng th c mt ngi mang gen bch tng. Mt cp v chng c da bnh thng, xc sut sinh con bnh thng ca h l A. 0,005%. B. 0,9925%. C. 0,0075%. D. 0,9975%. Gii: Tn s ca cc alen: q(a) =0,1; p(A) = 0,9 Tn s kiu gen: (0,9)2AA:2.0,9.0.1Aa(0,1)2aa = 0,81AA:0,18Aa:0.01aa 69

Tng quan t l 2 loi kiu gen ca kiu hnh bnh thng: 0,81/(0,81+0,18)AA : 0,18/(0,81+0,18) = 9/11AA: 2/11 Aa V b m c kiu hnh bnh thng nn c 2 kh nng v kiu gen. Vy ta c xc sut b m gp nhau l: (9/11AA: 2/11 Aa) x (9/11AA: 2/11 Aa) Xc sut sinh 1 a con bch tng l: (2/11)2 x = 4/121 x = 1/121 Mt cp v chng c da bnh thng, xc sut sinh con bnh thng ca h l 1-1/121= 120/121 = 0,991735 Cu 19: mt loi thc vt, gen A quy nh thn cao, alen a quy nh thn thp; gen B quy nh qu mu , alen b quy nh qu mu vng; gen D quy nh qu trn, alen d quy nh qu di. Bit rng cc gen tri l tri hon ton. Cho giao phn cy thn cao, qu mu , trn vi cy thn thp, qu mu vng, di thu c F1 gm 10000 cy, trong c 500 cy thn cao, qu di, ; 2000 cy thn thp, qu di, . Trong trng hp khng xy ra t bin, s lai no di y cho kt qu ph hp vi php lai trn?

Gii: P: A-B-D- x aabbdd F1: 500/10000 A-B-dd = 5% 2000/10000 aaB-dd =20% Nu A c lp vi BD => A-B-dd = 5% = 0,5 A- x 0,1 B-dd aaB-dd = 20% = 0,5 A- x 0, 4 B-dd. Mu thun, vy loi nghim A Nu B c lp vi AD => A-B-dd = 5% = 0,5 B x 0,1 A-dd aaB-dd = 20% = 0,5 B- x 0, 4 aadd AD ad Vy kiu gen l Bb x bb v hon v gen A/D tn s 20% ad ad Chn nghim C, loi D Nu D c lp vi AB => A-B-dd = 5% = 0,5 dd x 0,1 A-BaaB-dd =20% = 0,5 dd x 0,4 aaBAb ab Vy kiu gen l Dd x dd v hon v gen A/b tn s 20% aB ab Khng c nghim tha mn, vy loi B Kt lun chn C Cu 45: Mt gen cu trc c 7 on exon, mi on exon m ha 5 axit amin. Cho bit chiu di cc on exon v intron bng nhau. Chiu di gen cu trc l: A. 5253 A0 B. 5712 A0 C. 6220 A0 D. 5304 A0 Gii: Cu trc ca gen nhn thc: E____I____E____I____E____I____E____I____E____I____E____I____E S on Intron = s on Exon -1 = 7 1= 6 70

Tng s on Exon v Intron ca gen: 6 + 7 = 13 S N ca mi mch n : 13 x 5 x 3 x 3,4 A0 = 663 A0

01-7-2012
1. Cho cy u H Lan c kiu gen d hp t quy nh mu hoa (Aa) t th phn, ngi ta thu c rt nhiu ht. Nu ly ngu nhin 5 ht em gieo cho thnh cy th xc sut c 3 cy hoa v 2 cy hoa trng l bao nhiu? Phi ly ngu nhin bao nhiu ht c xc sut 95% c t nht 1 ht cho ra cy hoa trng?

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