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Chng 3: H thng np

Chng 3
H THNG NP
1. KHI QUT
1.1 Vai tro cua he thong cung cap ien : t c trang b mt s h thng v thit b in m bo an tan v tin nghi khi s dng. Chng cn in nng trong sut thi gian hat ng v c khi ng c dng. V th, chng cn c accu v ngun in mt chiu nh ngun nng lng. Mt h thng cung cp in trang b trn xe cung cp ngun mt chiu cho nhng h thng v thit b va nu. Tuy nhin accu s phng in khi ng c dng v dn ht in. H thng cung cp in s dng s quay ca ng c pht sinh ra in. N khng nhng cung cp in nng cho nhng h thng v thit b in khc m cn np in cho accu trong lc ng c ang hot ng. 1.2 Cu trc h thng cung cp in : - My pht in : pht sinh ra in. - Tit ch : iu chnh in p do my pht in to ra. - Accu : d tr v cung cp in. - n bo np : cnh bo cho ti x khi h thng sc gp s c. - Cng tc my : ng v ngt dng in.

Hnh 1. Cu trc h thng cung cp in Khi bt cng tc my, mt dng in s i t bnh accu n cun dy rotor trong my pht in. Dng in ny lm rotor tr thnh mt nam chm in. Khi ng c hot ng, nam chm in ny quay lm bin thin t thng qua cun dy trn stator. T thng bin thin sinh ra sc in ng trn cun dy stator. Dng in do my pht sinh ra s c np cho bnh accu v cung cp cho cc ph ti in. n bo np nm trn bng ng h ca ngi li bo my pht khng pht in hoc c s c trong h thng np. 1.3. Chc nng ca my pht in : My pht in thc hin mt s chc nng. Trn cc my pht i c, thnh phn ca my pht gm b phn pht in v chnh lu. Chc nng n nh in p c thc hin bng mt tit ch lp ri thng thng l loi rung hay bn dn. Ngy nay, cc my pht bao gm 3 b phn: pht in, chnh lu v hiu chnh in p. Tit ch vi mch nh gn c lp lin trn my pht, ngoi chc nng iu p n cn bo mt s h hng bng cch iu khin n bo np.

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51

Hnh 2. Cc loi my pht v tit ch

My pht in gi mt vai tr then cht trong cc thit b cung cp in. N thc hin ba chc nng : pht in, chnh lu, hiu chnh in p.
1.3.1 Pht in ng c quay, truyn chuyn ng quay n my pht in thng qua dy ai hnh ch V. Rotor ca my pht in l mt nam chm in. T trng to ra s tng tc ln dy qun trong stator lm pht sinh ra in.

Hnh 3. Pht in

Hnh 4. Chnh lu

Hnh 5. Hiu chnh in p

1.3.2 Chnh lu Dng in xoay chiu to ra trong my pht in khng th s dng trc tip cho cc thit b in m c chnh lu thnh dng in mt chiu. B chnh lu s bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu. 1.3.3 Hiu chnh in p Tit ch iu chnh in p sinh ra. N m bo hiu in th ca dng in i n cc thit b l hng s ngay c khi tc my pht in thay i. 1.4 Nguyn l my pht in C nhiu phng php to ra dng in, trong nhng my pht in, ngi ta s dng cun dy v nam chm lm pht sinh ra dng in trong cun dy. Sc in ng sinh ra trn cun dy cng ln khi s vng dy qun cng nhiu, nam chm cng mnh v tc di chuyn ca nam chm cng nhanh.

Hnh 6. Cun dy v nam chm

Khi nam chm c mang li gn cun dy, t thng xuyn qua cun dy tng ln. Ngc li, khi a cun dy ra xa, ng sc t xuyn qua cun dy gim xung. Bn thn ca cun dy khng mun t thng qua n bin i nn c to ra t thng theo hng chng li nhng thay i xy ra.

52 Nguyn l my pht in trong thc t :

Chng 3: H thng np

Hnh 7. Nguyn l pht in trong thc t My pht in trong thc t : - Nam chn vnh cu c thay th bng nam chm in nn t thng c th thay i c. - C thm li thp s lm tng t thng qua cun dy. - Sinh ra t thng mc vng lm t thng thay i lin tc. - Mi quan h gia my pht in mt chiu v ng c in : Ni bng n nh vo mt ng c in v xoay ng c in bng tay, bng n sng nh, iu ny chng t ng c in c cu to ging nh my pht in mt chiu. C nng v in nng c th c to ra t cng mt nam chm v khung dy.

Hnh 8. Mi quan h gia ng c in mt v my pht in Khi chy mt chic xe p c gn my pht in vo ban m, ta cm thy bn p cn lc p ln hn. iu xy ra v my pht in c chc nng ging nh mt ng c in, to ra mt lc theo chiu ngc li ngoi chc nng pht in ca n nn cn lc p trn bn p ln hn. Khi ng c in quay, n c chc nng nh my pht in, to ra dng in ngc lm gim dng in t accu. Khi my pht in hot ng v ni vi ti in, n ging nh ng c in nn pht sinh lc theo chiu ngc li lm cn tr s quay.

2. CU TRC MY PHT IN
3.1 My pht in kch t bng nam chm in c vng tip in : 3.1.1 Rotor Chc nng : to ra t trng v xoay to ra sc in ng trong cun dy stator. Cc thnh phn chnh : cun dy rotor, cc t, trc

Hnh 9. Rotor 3.1.2 Chi than v vng tip in:

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- Chc nng: cho dng in chy qua rotor to ra t trng. - Cc thnh phn chnh: Chi than, L xo, Vng kp chi than, Vng tip in Chi than lm bng graft - kim loi vi tnh cht c bit c in tr nh v c ph mt lp c bit chng mn.

Hnh 10. Chi than v vng tip in 3.1.3 Stator Chc nng: to ra in th xoay chiu 3 pha nh s thay i t thng khi rotor quay. Cc thnh phn chnh: Li stator, cun dy stator, u ra

Hnh 11. Stator Nhit sinh ra ln nht stator so vi cc thnh phn khc ca my pht, v vy dy qun phi ph lp chu nhit. Cun dy stator c th mc theo hai cch: Cch mc kiu hnh sao: cho ra in th cao, c s dng ph bin. Cch mc kiu tam gic: cho ra dng in ln.

Hnh 12. u hnh sao v u hnh tam gic

Cun dy stator gm 3 cun dy ring bit. Trong cch mc hnh sao, u chung ca 3 cun dy c ni thnh u trung ha.

54 3.1.4 B chnh lu

Chng 3: H thng np

Hnh 13. B chnh lu

Vai tr ca b chnh lu: Bin dng in xoay chiu ba pha trong stator thnh dng in 1 chiu. Cc thnh phn chnh: u ra, dode m, diode dng c im: Su diode (tm diode nu b chnh lu c ni vi dy trung ha) c s dng chnh lu ton k, phin tn nhit c hai mt. Bn thn diode chnh lu sinh ra nhit khi c dng in chy qua. Tuy nhin cht bn dn to ra diode li khng chu nhit nn diode b h khi qu nhit. V vy phin tn nhit phi c din tch ln. Khi tc my pht khong 3000v/p, nhit ca diode l cao nht.

Hnh 14. Tit ch vi mch 3.1.5 Tit ch vi mch - Vai tr ca tit ch: iu chnh dng in kch t (n cun dy rotor) kim sot in p pht ra, theo di tnh trng pht in v bo khi c h hng. - Cc thnh phn chnh: Vi mch, Phin tn nhit, Gic cm Tit ch v vi mch c hai loi ty thuc vo cch nht bit in p sc: Loi D: Nhn bit in p sc u ra ca my pht v iu chnh n lun mt khong xc nh.

Hnh 15. Tit ch loi D Loi M: Nhn bit in p ti accu ng thi iu chnh dng ra mt khang xc nh.

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Hnh 16. Tit ch loi M 3.1.6 Qut Vai tr ca qut: Khi qut quay, khng kh c ht qua cc l trng lm mt cun rotor, stator v b chnh lu lm gim nhit ca cc b phn ny mc cho php. c im: - C hai qut ht t hai pha cung cp lng gi cn thit. - Khng kh mt c hng vo cun stator, ni pht sinh ra nhiu nhit nht.

Mt ph ti in s sinh ra nhit khi dng i qua. B xng knh chng hn, n s dng nhit ny. My pht sinh nhit nhiu dng khc nhau nh trnh by phn trn. Chng bao gm : nhit sinh ra trn vt dn ( cc cun dy v diode), trn cc li thp do dng fuco v do ma st ( bi, chi than v vi khng kh). Nhit sinh ra lm gim hiu sut ca my pht. 3.2 Cc loi my pht khc: 3.2.1 My pht i c v tit ch loi rung My pht in i c thng nng hn v c kch thc ln hn so vi my pht loi mi c cng cng sut.N thng c s dng vi tit ch loi ri. Cu trc bn trong ca my pht i c v c bn ging nh loi i mi nhng n c mt s c im khc: - Khng c b tit ch lp chung - Ch lp mt qut bn ngoi - Cun dy stator v b chnh lu c hn thnh mt khi trn thn. Tit ch loi rung c kch thc ln nn khng th lp thnh mt khi vi my pht.

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Chng 3: H thng np

Hnh 17. My pht i c

Hnh 18. Tit ch loi rung 3.2.2 My pht c bm chn khng

Hnh 19. My pht c bm chn khng

Hnh 20. Cu to ca my pht c bm chn khng

Hnh 21. My pht in khng c vng tip in

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My pht c bm chn khng thng c lp trn xe c ng c diesel. Bm chn khng c trang b cung cp chn khng cho tr lc li v cc thit b khc. Bm chn khng c lp chung nn quay cng vi trc ca my pht. C hai loi, loi c bm chn khng t pha puli v loi t pha i din puli. Loi my pht c bm chn khng ging nh cc loi my pht khc nhng c thm bm chn khng. Cu to ca bm chn khng gm c: V, Rotor, Cnh, Van an ton (van mt chiu). 3.2.3 My pht khng c vng tip in My pht khng c vng tip in c s dng trn my ko, xe ti ln, xe cng trnh. N khng s dng chi than v vng tip in nng cao tui th. N ch c cc cc t xoay cn cun dy phn cm ng yn.

4. IN P CHNH LU BI MY PHT
4.1. Dng in xoay chiu 3 pha Khi nam chm quay trong mt cun dy, in p s c to ra gia hai u ca cun dy. iu ny s lm xut hin dng in xoay chiu.

Hnh 22. Dng in xoay chiu 1 pha Mi quan h gia dng in sinh ra trong cun dy v v tr ca nam chm c ch ra hnh v. Cng dng in ln nht c to ra khi cc cc nam (S) v cc bc (N) ca nam chm gn cun dy nht. Tuy nhin chiu ca dng in trong mch thay i ngc chiu nhau sau mi na vng quay ca nam chm. Dng in hnh sin c to ra theo cch ny gi l "dng in xoay chiu mt pha". Mt chu k y l 3600 v s chu k trong mt giy c gi l tn s. pht in c hiu qu hn, ngi ta b tr 3 cun dy trong my pht nh hnh v.

Hnh 23. Dng in xoay chiu 3 pha Mi cun dy A, B v C c b tr cch nhau 1200 v c lp vi nhau. Khi nam chm quay trong cc cun dy s to ra dng in xoay chiu trong mi cun dy. Hnh v cho thy mi quan h gia 3 dng in xoay chiu v nam chm, dng in c to y l dng in xoay chiu 3 pha. Tt c cc xe hin i ngy nay c s dng my pht xoay chiu 3 pha. 4.2. B chnh lu 4.2.1 Cu to

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Chng 3: H thng np

My pht in xoay chiu trong thc t c trang b mch chnh lu nh Hnh A nn dng in xoay chiu 3 pha. Mch ny c 6 diode v c t trong gi ca b chnh lu.

Hnh 24. Dng in chnh lu 4.2.2 Chc nng Khi rotor quay mt vng, trong cc cun dy Stator dng in c sinh ra trong mi cun dy ny c ch ra t (a) ti (f) trong Hnh C. v tr (a), dng in c chiu dng c to ra cun dy III v dng in c chiu m c to ra cun dy II. V vy dng in chy theo hng t cun dy II ti cun dy III. Dng in ny chy vo ti qua diode 3 v sau tr v cun dy II qua diode 5. thi im ny cng dng in cun dy I bng 0. V vy khng c dng in chy trong cun dy I. Bng cch gii thch tng t t cc v tr (b) ti (f) dng in xoay chiu c chnh lu bng cch cho qua 2 diode v dng in ti cc ph ti c duy tr mt gi tr khng i. 4. 3. My pht in c in p im trung ho 4.3.1. in p im trung ho

Hnh 25. in p im trung ho

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My pht in xoay chiu thng thng dng 6 diode chnh lu dng in xoay chiiu 3 pha (AC) thnh dng in mt chiu (DC). in p ra ti im trung ho l ngun cung cp in cho rle n bo np. C th thy in p trung bnh ca im trung ho bng 1/2 in p ra mt chiu. Trong khi dng in ra i qua my pht, in p ti im trung ho phn ln l dng in mt chiu nhng n cng c mt phn l dng in xoay chiu. Phn dng in xoay chiu ny c to ra mi pha. Khi tc ca my pht vt qu 2,000 ti 3,000 vng/pht th gi tr cc i ca phn dng in xoay chiu vt qu in p ra ca dng in mt chiu. iu c ngha l so vi c tnh ra ca my pht in xoay chiu khng c cc diode ti im trung ho, in p ra tng dn dn t khong 10 ti 15% tc my pht thng thng l 5,000 vng/pht. 4.3.2 S mch in v cu to b sung s thay i in th ti im trung ho vo in p ra mt chiu ca my pht khng c diode im trung ho ngi ta b tr 2 diode chnh lu gia cc ra (B) v t (E) v ni vi im trung ho. Nhng diode ny c t gi b chnh lu. 5. HOT NG CA TIT CH 5.1. iu chnh dng in pht ra 5.1.1 S cn thit phi iu chnh cng Hnh 26. S mch in diode trung ho dng in pht ra My pht in dng trn xe quay cng vi ng c. V vy, khi xe hot ng tc ng c thng xuyn thay i v do tc ca my pht khng n nh. Nu my pht khng c b n p th h thng np khng th cung cp dng in n nh cho cc thit b in. Do , mc d tc ca my pht thay i th in p cc thit b in vn phi duy tr khng i v tu theo s thay i cng dng in trong mch cn phi iu chnh. Trong my pht xoay chiu vic iu chnh nh trn c iu chnh bi b tit ch vi mch. 5.1.2 Nguyn l iu chnh

Hnh 27. T iu khin dng in Hnh 28. Nguyn tc tit ch Nhn chung cng dng in to ra c th c thay i bng phng php sau y. -Tng hoc gim lc t trng(Rotor) -Tng tc hoc gim tc quay ca nam chm. Khi p dng phng php thay i tc ca rotor i vi my pht in xoay chiu trn xe, tc quay ca rotor khng th iu khin c v n quay cng vi ng c. Ni cch khc, iu kin c th thay i mt cch t do trong my pht xoay chiu trn xe l lc t trng (rotor). Trong thc t vic thay i cng dng in i vo cun dy rotor (dng to t trng) s lm thay i lc t trng.

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B tit ch vi mch iu chnh cng dng in ca my pht xoay chiu bng cch iu khin dng in to t trng do in p to ra lun n nh khi tc quay ca rotor thay i v khi dng in s dng thay i. T iu khin i vi dng in ra cc i: c tnh ca my pht in l dng in ra hu nh n nh khi tc quay ca my pht vt qu mt tc nht nh (t iu khin) v vy khi ti vt qu dng in ra cc i th in p st. Mt c tnh khc ca my pht in xoay chiu l dng in ra gim i khi my b nng v in tr mi b phn thay i theo nhit ngay c khi tc khng i. Gi khi sa cha: - Nu ai ch V b trt th tc my pht s thp hn yu cu v dng in to ra s gim xung lm cho c qui ht in in. - Nu dng in tiu th ln hn so vi dng in to ra th in p vo c qui s b tiu th v lm cho c qui b ht in. - Khi my pht quay tc thp (khi ng c quay khng ti) dng in to ra c cng thp. V vy khi nhiu thit b in chng hn nh b si m v n pha ang bt, th phi s dng in t c qui. Nu tnh trng ny ko di th c qui s ht in. i vi mt s loi my pht i c, ngi ta dng mt tit ch ring n nh in p. l tit ch loi rung v tit ch bn dn. 5.2 Tit ch loi rung Tit ch loi rung thng gm mt relay iu chnh in v mt relay n bo np. N hiu chnh in p my pht bng cch ng m tip im. Relay iu chnh in c cu to nh hnh bn di. Lc in t lm thay i v tr ca tip im.

Hnh 29. Hot ng ca tip im S ca my pht i c v tit ch loi rung c trnh by nh hnh bn di.

IG/SW

K1 K2 R3 WU

K'1 K'2 Wdgm

+ F Wkt IG R1
(W-L)

R2 F (W-S) E
(B)

N (Y)

L
(W-R)

Hnh 30. S nguyn l hot ng ca mt tit ch loi rung

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Hnh v trn l mt s mch in v d ca mt tit ch loi rung. C s hot ng ca cc tit ch loi rung l cc relay. Trn hnh v, c hai relay, relay iu chnh in vi cun dy Wu v relay iu khin n bo np. - Khi bt IG/SW, c dng in: + accu n bo np tip im K1' khung relay n bo mt: n bo np sng. + accu IG tip im K1 khung relay iu chnh in F Wkt mt: cung cp mt dng kch t ban u cho my pht. - Khi rotor my pht quay, c s bin thin t thng i qua stator lm sinh ra in p xoay chiu 3 pha. Dng in ti im trung ha ca stator N Wdgm khung relay n bo mt: tip im K1' ngt, K2' dn, n bo np tt. + accu IG Wu R3 K2' mt: cung cp dng in qua cun dy relay iu chnh in. - Khi in p my pht ln, dng in qua Wu kh nng ht tip im K1 h ra, dng in qua Wkt khng th i qua K1 na nn c dng in i t IG R1 F Wkt mt: dng in qua cun kch t lc ny b hn ch bi in tr R1. Tit ch s dn v ngt (rung) tip im K1 duy tr in p pht ra. - Khi tc my pht tng qu cao, in tr R1 khng cn kh nng hn dng, in p tng ln. Lc ny, dng in qua Wu ln ko cn tip im, lm K2 dn. Hai u Wkt ni mt nn khng c dng in i qua. Tip im K2 c dn v ngt (rung) duy tr in p my pht. - in tr R2 dng bo v tip im K1, khi K1 dn v ngt lm sinh ra sc in ng trong Wkt, dng in ny s i qua R2 m khng phng qua K1. - R3 l in tr b nhit. Nhit mi trng tng ln hay do s ta nhit ca cc thit b lm in tr ca Wu (lm bng ng) tng ln in p hiu chnh tng ln. R3 l loi nhit in tr m b li s tng ca Wu, n nh in p my pht theo nhit . 5.3 Tit ch bn dn
+

Db

R5

D2 TriO Wkt T3 T2

R1

R4 DZ R2

D1

IG/SW

T1

R3

Hnh 31. S nguyn l hot ng ca mt tit ch bn dn Tit ch bn dn hot ng da trn nguyn tc nhn bit in p my pht bng diode Zenner iu khin dng qua cun kch t bng transistor cng sut. in p my pht c a qua mt cu phn p dn (ngt) Zenner. Tn hiu ny c cho qua mt b iu khin trung gian cui cng ngt (dn) transistor iu khin dng qua cun kch t, duy tr in p ti mc hiu chnh. Sau y l v d v hot ng ca mt tit ch bn dn. - Khi bt IG/SW, c dng in:

+ -

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Chng 3: H thng np

+ accu n bo np v R5 R1: phn cc thun cho T2 v T3 lm T2 v T3 dn. + accu n bo np v R5 Wkt F T2, T3 mt: cung cp dng kch t ban u cho my pht. - Khi rotor my pht quay, t thng qua stator bin thin lm sinh ra dng in xoay chiu 3 pha. Dng in ny c chnh lu bi TriO tt n bo np v cung cp vo u dng ca Wkt. - Khi tc rotor ln lm cho in p pht ra ln hn in p hiu chnh, in p ri trn R3 trong cu phn p R2,R3 ln lm cho Zenner Dz dn T1 dn T2,T3 ngt ngt dng qua Wkt in p my pht gim xung. Qu trnh lp li n nh in p ti mc hiu chnh. - D2 dnh dp sc in ng t cm sinh ra trong Wkt khi T2, T3 dn v ngt. 5.4 B tit ch vi mch 5.4.1 Cu to ca b tit ch vi mch B tit ch vi mch ch yu gm c vi mch, cnh tn nhit v gic ni. Vic s dng vi mch lm cho b tit ch c kch thc nh gn. 5.4.2 Cc loi b tit ch vi mch Loi nhn bit c qui: Loi tit ch vi mch ny nhn bit c qui nh cc S (cc nhn bit t c qui) v iu chnh in p ra theo gi tr qui nh. Loi nhn bit my pht: Loi tit ch vi mch ny xc nh in p bn trong ca my pht v iu chnh in p ra theo gi tr qui nh.

Cc u ra trn gic cm:

Hnh 32. u ra trn tit ch vi mch 5.4.3 Chc nng ca b tit ch vi mch B tit ch vi mch c cc chc nng sau y. - iu chnh in p. - Cnh bo khi my pht khng pht in v tnh trng np khng bnh thng. B tit ch vi mch cnh bo bng cch bt sng n bo np khi xc nh c cc s c sau y. - t mch hoc ngn mch cc cun dy rotor. - Cc S b ngt. - Cc B b ngt. - in p tng vt qu ln (in p c qui tng do ngn mch gia cc F v cc E). 5.4.4 Cc c tnh ca b tit ch vi mch - c tnh ti ca c qui in p ra khng i hoc t thay i (nh hn hoc bng 0,1 ti 0,2 V) khi tc my pht thay i. - c tnh ph ti bn ngoi in p ra nh i khi dng in ph ti tng ln. S thay i in p, thm ch ti nh mc hoc dng in ra cc i ca my pht vo khong gia 0,5 ti 1 V. Nu ti vt qu kh nng ca my pht th in p ra s st t ngt.

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- c tnh nhit Nhn chung in p ra s gim i khi nhit tng ln. V in p ra st nhit cao (V d vo ma h tng ln nhit cao, vo ma ng th gim xung). Vic np y ph hp vi c qui c thc hin mi thi im.

Hnh 33. c tnh ca tit ch vi mch

5.5 iu khin u ra bng b tit ch vi mch Sau y s gii thch c ch m b tit ch vi mch gi c in p to ra n nh v nguyn l hot ng ca n t c chc nng ny. y s dng b tit ch vi mch loi nhn bit c qui lm v d. 5.5.1. Hot ng bnh thng 5.5.1.1 Khi kho in v tr ON v ng c tt my

Hnh 34. Khi kho in ON Khi bt kho in ln v tr ON, in p c qui c t vo cc IG. Kt qu l mch M.IC b kch hot v Transistor Tr1 c m ra lm cho dng kch t chy trong cun dy rotor. trng thi ny dng in cha c to ra do vy b tit ch lm gim s phng in ca c qui n mc c th bng cch ng ngt Transistor Tr1 ngt qung. thi im ny in p cc P = 0 v mch M.IC s xc nh trng thi ny v truyn tn hiu ti Transistor Tr2 bt n bo np. 5.5.1.2 Khi my pht ang pht in (in p thp hn in p iu chnh) ng c khi ng v tc my pht tng ln, mch M.IC m Transistor Tr1 cho dng kch t i qua v do in p ngay lp tc c to ra. thi im ny nu in p cc B ln hn in p c qui, th dng in s i vo c qui np v cung cp cho cc thit b in. Kt qu l in p cc P tng ln. Do mch M.IC xc nh trng thi pht in c thc hin v truyn tn hiu ng Transistor Tr2 tt n bo np.

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Chng 3: H thng np

Hnh 35. Khi my pht ang pht in 5.5.1.3 Khi my pht ang pht in (in p cao hn in p iu chnh)

Hnh 36. Khi in p my pht cao hn in p hiu chnh Nu Transistor Tr1 tip tc m, in p cc B tng ln. Sau in p cc S vt qu in p iu chnh, mch M.IC xc nh tnh trng ny v ng Transistor Tr1. Kt qu l dng kch t qua cun dy rotor gim, in p cc B (in p c to ra) gim xung. Sau nu in p cc S gim xung ti gi tr iu chnh th mch M.IC s xc nh tnh trng ny v m Transistor Tr1. Do dng kch t ca cun dy rotor tng ln v in p cc B cng tng ln. B tit ch vi mch gi cho in p cc S (in p cc c qui) n nh (in p iu chnh) bng cch lp i lp li cc qu trnh trn. Diode D1 hp th sc in ng ngc sinh ra trn cun rotor do ng m transistor Tr1. 5.5.2. Hot ng khng bnh thng 5.5.2.1 Khi cun dy Rotor b t Khi my pht quay, nu cun dy Rotor b t th my pht khng pht ra in v in p cc P = 0. Khi mch M.IC xc nh c tnh trng ny ny m Transistor Tr2 bt n bo np cho bit hin tng khng bnh thng ny.

Chng 4: H thng np

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Hnh 37. Khi Rotor b t 5.5.2.2 Khi cun dy Rotor b chp (ngn mch)

Hnh 38. Khi Rotor b ngn mch Khi my pht quay nu cun dy rotor b chp in p cc B c t trc tip vo cc F v dng in trong mch s rt ln. Khi mch M.IC xc nh c tnh trng ny n s ng Transistor Tr1 bo v v ng thi m Transistor Tr2 bt n bo np cnh bo v tnh trng khng bnh thng ny. 5.5.2.3 Khi cc S b ngt Khi my pht quay, nu cc S tnh trng b h mch th mch M.IC s xc nh khi khng c tn hiu u vo t cc S do m Transistor Tr2 bt n bo np. ng thi trong mch M.IC, cc B s lm vic thay th cho cc S iu chnh Transistor Tr1 do in p cc B c iu chnh ngn chn s tng in p khng bnh thng cc B.

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Chng 3: H thng np

Hnh 39. Khi cc S b ngt 5.5.2.4 Khi cc B b ngt Khi my pht quay, nu cc B tnh trng b h mch, th c qui s khng c np v in p c qui (in p ccS) s gim dn. Khi in p cc S gim, b tit ch vi mch lm tng dng kch t tng dng in to ra. Kt qu l in p cc B tng ln. Tuy nhin mch M.IC iu chnh dng kch t sao cho in p cc B khng vt qu 20 V bo v my pht v b tit ch vi mch. Khi in p cc S thp (11 ti 13 V) mch M.IC s iu chnh bt n bo np v iu chnh dng kch t sao cho in p cc B gim ng thi bo v my pht v b tit ch vi mch.

Hnh 40. Khi cc B b ngt 5.5.2.5 Khi c s ngn mch gia cc F v cc E Khi my pht quay, nu c s ngn mch gia cc F v cc E th in p cc B s c ni thng vi mt t cc E qua cun dy rotor m khng qua cc transistor Tr1. Kt qu l in p ra ca my pht tr ln rt ln v dng kch t khng c iu khin bi transistor, in p cc S s vt in p iu chnh. Mch M.IC xc nh c cc ny v m transistor Tr2 bt n bo np ch ra s khng bnh thng ny.

Chng 4: H thng np

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Hnh 41. Khi chn F ni mt 5.6 Mt s loi tt ch vi mch khc 5.6.1. Hot ng ca b tit ch vi mch loi nhn bit in p my pht V c bn hot ng ca loi ny cng ging nh loi nhn bit c qui nhng b tit ch vi mch loi nhn bit in p my pht khng c cc S xc nh in p c qui. Nh vy mch M.IC trc tip xc nh in p to ra bi my pht t cc B v iu chnh in p my pht cng nh iu chnh n bo np.

Hnh 42. Tit ch vi mch nhn bit in p my pht 5.6.2 B tit ch vi mch c cc M 5.6.2.1 Vai tr ca cc M B phn si in PTC: B phn si ny c dng hm nng nc lm mt ng c khi hiu sut si khng (t trong li si). i vi xe c b phn si in PTC, nu b phn si PTC c s dng khi ng c chy trng thi khng ti th in nng tiu th s ln hn in nng do my pht to ra. V l do ny ngi ta trang b thm cc M. Cc M truyn tnh trng pht in ca my pht ti ECU ng c thng qua transistor Tr3 c lp ng b vi transistor Tr1 iu khin dng kch t. ECU ng c iu khin ch khng ti ca ng c v b phn si in PTC theo tn hiu c truyn t cc M 5.6.2.2 Hot ng

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Chng 3: H thng np

Hnh 43. S my pht c cc M V transistor Tr3 c ni ng b vi transistor Tr1 nn khi Tr1 m th Tr3 cng m. Cc M s pht ra tn hiu thay i di dng xung. Khi b phn si in PTC lm vic

Hnh 44. Khi b phn si lm vic Khi b phn si in PTC khng lm vic

Hnh 45. Khi b phn si khng lm vic

Chng 4: H thng np 6. KIM TRA V SA CHA MY PHT 6.1 Tho r my pht:

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Hnh 46. S tho r my pht 6.1.1 Tho puli Dng my sit hi tho ai c. Dng gi gi cht puli khng cho n xoay.

Hnh 47. Tho Puli Hnh 48. Tho np sau 6.1.2 Tho r np sau Tho ai c v phin cch in ra khi chn B. Tho 3 ai c v chn mt, sau ly np sau ra ngoi. 6.1.3 Tho r vng kp chi than Tho 2 con vt v ly vng kp chi than ra ngoi.

Hnh 49. Tho vng kp chi than

Hnh 50. Tho tit ch vi mch

70 6.1.4 Tho r tit ch vi mch Tho 3 con vt v ly tit ch vi mch ra ngoi. 6.1.5 Tho b chnh lu Tho 4 con vt v ly b chnh lu ra ngoi. Tho ming m.

Chng 3: H thng np

Hnh 51. Tho b chnh lu Hnh 52. Tho np sau Hnh 53. Tho rotor 6.1.6 Tho r np sau Tho 4 con ai c. Dng b co tho ri np sau. 6.1.7 Tho rotor Ch : ng lm mt cc ming m. 6.2 Kim tra cc chi tit 6.2.1 Kim tra in tr cun dy rotor Dng VOM kim tra in tr gia hai vng tip in. Ghi nhn ri sau so snh vi gi tr cho php.

Hnh 54. Kim tra Rotor 6.2.2 Kim tra cch in cun rotor Dng VOM o in tr gia trc (mt) v vng tip in. Chng phi khng thng nhau. 6.2.3 o ng knh ngoi v kim tra vng tip in Dng thc kp o ng knh ngoi ri so snh vi gi tr cho php. Lm nhn b mt vng tip in nu b mt g gh bng giy nhm nhuyn.

Hnh 55. Kim tra vng tip in 6.2.4 Kim tra thng mch cun dy stator

Hnh 56. Kim tra thng mch Stator

Chng 4: H thng np Dng VOM kim tra thng mch gia cc u cun dy. Mi cp u dy phi thng nhau. 6.2.5 Kim tra cch in cun stator Dng VOM kim tra cch in gia cc u cun dy v m cc. Chng phi cch in vi nhau.

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Hnh 57. Kim tra cch in Stator Hnh 58. Kim tra diode chnh lu 6.2.6 Kim tra cc diode chnh lu Dng VOM kim tra diode cc dng v diode cc m. Nu dng ng h s th bt sang thang o diode. - Kim tra diode cc m: kim tra, ta o cc u E (mt) vi cc im t P1 n P4. - Kim tra diode cc dng: kim tra, ta o u B (dng) vi cc im t P1 n P4. 6.2.7 Kim tra chi than Dng thc kp o phn nh ra ca chi than ri so snh vi gi tr tiu chun. Nu nh hn, ta phi thay th chi than. Kim tra chi than c b nt hay v khng.

Hnh 59. Kim tra chi than

Hnh 60. Kim tra bi

6.2.8 Kim tra bi Xoay bi bng tay v cm nhn c ting n v cht kht hay khng.