HNG DN GII

MT S CU THI I HC NM 2012
Mn : Ton; khi A v khi A1
Trn Vn Cng
04/07/2012
Cu 2. Gii phng trnh

3 sin 2x + cos 2x = 2 cos x 1.

Li gii. Phng trnh cho tng ng vi

2 3 sin x cos x + 2 cos2 x 1 = 2 cos x 1

cos
 x( 3 sin x + cos x 1) = 0
cos
x=0

3 sin x + cos x = 1

x = 2 + k

1
sin(x+ 6 ) = 2
x = 2 + k
x + 6 = 6 + k2

5
x + 6 = 6 + k2
x = 2 + k
x = k2

(k Z)

+
k2
x = 2
3

 3
x 3x2 9x + 22 = y 3 + 3y 2 9y
Cu 3. Gii h phng trnh
(x, y R).
x2 + y 2 x + y = 21
Li gii. H phng trnh cho tng ng vi
 3
x 3x2 9x + 11 = y 3 + 3y 2 9y 11
(x, y R).
x2 + y 2 x + y = 12
(x 1)3 12(x 1) = (y + 1)3 12(y + 1)
(x 1)2 + (x 1) + (y + 1)2 (y + 1) = 12
t u = x 1, v = y + 1. Khi h tr thnh
 3
u 12u = v 3 12v (1)
u2 + u + v 2 v = 21 (2)


3
3
2
2
Ta c (1) (u
 v ) 12(u v) = 0 (u v)(u + uv + v 12) = 0
u=v

u2 + uv + v 2 = 12
Vi u = v thay vo (2) c 2u2 = 2v 2 = 21 u = v = 21 .
T ta c cp nghim (x; y) ca h phng trnh cho l ( 23 ; 12 ) v ( 12 ; 23 ).
Vi u2 + uv + v 2 = 12, kt hp vi (2) ta c
 2
u + uv + v 2 = 12
u2 + u + v 2 v = 12

(u v)2 + 3uv = 12

(u v)2 + (u v) + 2uv = 12

uv = 4 13 (u v)2

(u v)2 + (u v) + 2[4 31 (u v)2 ] = 12


uv = 4 13 (u v)2

2(u v)2 + 6(u v) + 45 = 0


uv = 4 31 (u v)2
(v nghim)

2[(u v) + 23 ]2 + 81
2 =0
Tm li, h phng trnh cho c hai nghim l ( 32 ; 21 ) v ( 12 ; 23 ).

R3
dx.
Cu 4. Tnh tch phn I = 1+ln(x+1)
x2
1
(
(
1
u = 1 + ln(x + 1)
dx
du = x+1
Li gii. t

1
1
dv = x2 dx
v = x dx

Theo cng thc tnh tch phn tng phn ta c:

3 R3
R3

4
1
1
I = 1+ln(x+1)
dx = 1+ln
+ 1 + ln 2 + ( x1 x+1
) dx
 + x(x+1)
x
3
1
1
1
3

= 32 31 ln 4+ln 2+[ln xln(x+1)] = 32 23 ln 2+ln 2+(ln 32 ln 2)(0ln 2)
= 32 ln34 + ln 3.
Vy I = 32 32 ln 2 + ln 3.

Cu 6. Cho cc s thc x, y, z tha mn iu kin x + y + z = 0. Tm gi tr

nh nht ca biu thc
p
3|xy| + 3|yz| + 3|zx| 6x2 + 6y 2 + 6z 2 .

Li gii. t u = |x y|, v = |y z|, t = |z x| th u, v, t 0. Hn na ta cn

c u v + t, v t + u, t u + v.
Ta c:
x + y + z = 0 (x + y + z)2 = 0 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = (2xy + 2yz + 2zx)
u2 + v 2 + t2 = 2x2 + 2y 2 + 2z 2 (2xy + 2yz + 2zx) = 3x2 + 3y 2 + 3z 2
2u2 + 2v 2 + 2t2 = 6x2 + 6y 2 + 6z 2
T , biu thc P tr thnh
p
P = 3u + 3v + 3t 2u2 + 2v 2 + 2t2
2


2
0uv+t
u u(v + t) = uv + ut
0v t+u
v 2 v(t + u) = vt + vu
Ta c

2
0tu+v
t t(u + v) = tu + tv
Cng v theo v ba bt ng thc trn c
u2 + v 2 + t2 2uv + 2vt + 2tu 2u2 + 2v 2 + 2t2 (u + v + t)2
Do
P 3u + 3v + 3t (u + v + t) = (3u u) + (3v v) + (3t t)
Xt hm s f (X) = 3X X , X 0. Ta c f (X) = 3X ln 3 1 ln 3 1 > 0.
Suy ra f (X) l hm s ng bin trn khong [0, +) nn f (X) f (0) = 1.
T P = f (u) + f (v) + f (t) 3.
Du = xy ra u = v = t = 0 x = y = z = 0.
Vy min P = 3 khi v ch khi x = y = z = 0.
n
Cu 9.a. Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn 5Cn1
= C3n . Tm s hng cha
2
1 n
x5 trong khai trin nh thc Niu-tn ca ( nx
14 x ) , x 6= 0.

Li gii. iu kin n 3, n N. Ta c
n
5Cn1
= C3n

n(n 1)(n 2)
6
(n 1)(n 2) = 30

5n =

n2 3n 28 = 0

n = 7 (tha mn)

n = 4 (loi)
Vi n = 7 ta c
(

1
x2
1
nx2
)n = ( )7
14
x
2
x

Theo cng thc khai trin nh thc Niu-tn c

(

k=1

k=1

X
X
x2
1
x2
1
C7k 143k
x
)7 =
C7k ( )7k ( )k =
(1)k 7k
2
x
2
x
2

S hng cha x5 ng vi 14 3k = 5 k = 3.
C3
5
Vy s hng cha x5 l (1)3 247 x5 = 35
16 x .