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LM =10lg
LN =10lg
I0
I0
IM
IM
LM LN = 10 lg
= 20 dB ------>
= 102 = 100
IN
IN
P
P
RN
IM
R N2
IM =
;
I
=
;
----->
=
=10-----> RM = 0,1RN
N
2
2
2 = 100------>
4RM
4R N
IN
RM
RM
RNM = RN RM = 0,9RN
Khi ngun m t ti M
P
P
I 'N
IN
LN =10lg
vi IN =
=
2
2 =
4R NM
4 .0,81.R N
I0
0,81
I 'N
1 IN
1
LN =10lg
= 10lg(
) = 10lg
+ LN = 0,915 +10 = 10,915 11 dB.
I0
0,81 I 0
0,81
p n D
Cu 2. Ti mt im nghe c ng thi hai m: am truyn ti c mc cng m l 65dB, m
phn x c mc cng m l 60dB. Mc cng m ton phn ti im l?
A. 5dB B. 125dB C. 66,19dB D. 62,5dB
Gii: Gi I1 v I2 l cng m ti v m phn x ti im . Khi cng m ton phn l I
= I1 + I2
I1
lg
= 6,5 ------> I1 = 106,5I0
I0
I2
lg
= 6,------> I2 = 106I0
I0
I1 + I 2
-------> L = 10lg
= 10lg(106,5 + 106) = 66,19 dB. Chn p n C
I0
Cu 3. Cho 3 im A, B, C thng hng, theo th t xa dn ngun m. Mc cng m ti A, B, C
ln lt l 40dB; 35,9dB v 30dB. Khong cch gia AB l 30m v khong cch gia BC l
A. 78m B. 108m C. 40m D. 65m
Gii:
Gi s ngun m ti O c cng sut P
O
A
B
C
P
I=
4R 2
IA
RB
LA - LB = 10lg
= 4,1 dB ------> 2lg
= 0,41----> RB = 100,205RA
IB
RA
RC
IA
LA LC = 10lg
= 10 dB ------> 2lg
= 1----> RC = 100,5 RA
IC
RA
RB RA = ( 100,205 1) RA = BC = 30m -----> RA = 49,73 m
RC RB = (100,5 100,205) RA ------> BC = (100,5 100,205) 49,73 = 77,53 m 78 m
Chn p n A
v
l=n =n
-------> f = n
= 440n 20000Hz -----> 1 n 45. Chn p n A
2f
2
2l
Cu 7. Mt ngi ng gia hai loa A v B. Khi loa A bt th ngi nghe c m c mc
cng 76dB. Khi loa B bt th nghe c m c mc cng 80 dB. Nu bt c hai loa th nghe
c m c mc cng bao nhiu?
I1
-------> I1 = 10L1I0 = 107,6I0
I0
I2
L1 = lg -------> I2 = 10L2I0 = 108I0
I0
I1 + I 2
L = lg
= lg(107,6 + 108) = lg139810717,1 = 8,1455 B = 81,46dB
I0
Cu Hai ngun m O1,O2 coi l hai ngun im cch nhau 4m, pht sng kt hp cng tn s 425 Hz, cng
8 : bin 1 cm v cng pha ban u bng khng (tc truyn m l 340 m/s). S im dao ng vi
bin 1cm trong khong gia O1O2 l:
A. 18.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 20.
Gii:
Bc sng: = v/f = 340/425 = 0,8m. Xt im M trn O1O2 dao ng vi bin cc i
Gii: L1 = lg
O1M = d1; Trn O1O2 c sng dng vi O1 v O2 l 2 nt. M l bng sng khi d1 =(2n+1)
=(2n+1).0,2
0 < d1 = 0,2(2n+1) < 4 ---- 0 n 9 : c 10 im dao ng vi bin cc ai 2cm
S im dao ng vi bin 1cm trong khong gia O1O2 l:10 x 2 = 20. Chn p n D
O1
O2
IA
IA
RM2
RM2
RM2
RM
= 2 ; LA LM = 10lg
= 10lg 2 = 6 ------> 2 =100,6 --->
= 100,3
IM
IM
RA
RA
RA
RA
M l trung im ca AB, nm hai pha ca gc O nn: RM = OM =
RB = RA + 2RM = (1+2.100,3)RA ----->
RB R A
2
R B2
= (1+2.100,3)2
R A2
IA
IA
R B2
R B2
= 2 ; LA - LB = 10lg
= 10lg 2 = 20 lg(1+2.100,3) = 20. 0,698 = 13,963 dB
IB
IB
RA
RA
LB = LA 13,963 = 36,037 dB 36 dB
Cu 10. Mt ngun m c coi l ngun im pht sng cu v mi trng khng hp th m.Ti
mt v tr sng m bin 0,12mm c cng m ti im bng 1,80Wm 2 . Hi ti v tr sng
c bin bng 0,36mm th s c cng m ti im bng bao nhiu ?
A. 0, 60Wm 2
B. 2, 70Wm 2
C. 5, 40Wm 2
D. 16, 2Wm 2
Gii: Nng lng ca sng m t l vi bnh phng ca bin sng m
W1 a12 Vi a1 = 0,12mm;
W2 a22 Vi a2 = 0,36mm;
W2 a 22
=
=9
W1 a12
Nng lng ca sng m t l nghch vi bnh phng khong cch n ngun pht
W2 R12
=
W1 R22
P = I1S1 vi S1 = 4R12 ; R1 l khong cch t v tr 1 n ngun m
P = I2S2 Vi S2 = 4R22 ; R1 l khong cch t v tr 1 n ngun m
I 2 R12 a 22
= 2 = 2 = 9 I 2 = 9 I 1 = 16,2W/m2 Chn p n D
I 1 R2 a1