Đồ án cung cấp điện 12 tầng

LI NI U
o0o
Trong cng cuc xy dng v i mi t nc, nghnh cng nghip in
lun gi mt vai tr v cng quan trng. Ngy nay in nng tr thnh dng nng
lng khng th thiu c trong hu ht cc lnh vc. Khi xy dng mt khu
cng nghip mi, mt nh my mi, mt khu dn c mi th vic u tin phi
tnh n l xy dng mt h thng cung cp in phc v cho nhu cu sn xut
v sinh hot cho khu vc .
Trong cng cuc cng nghip ho hin i ho, nghnh cng nghip nc
ta ang ngy mt khi sc, cc ta nh chung c v cao tng khng ngng c
xy dng. Gn lin vi cc cng trnh l h thng cung cp in c thit k
v xy dng.
Xut pht t cc yu cu trn cng vi kin thc c hc em c
phn cng lm n mn hc Cung Cp in vi ti: THIT K CUNG CP
IN CHO MT CHUNG C CAO TNG.
Trong qu trnh hon thnh n, vi s n lc ca bn thn, cng vi s
ch bo tn tnh ca thy TRN QUANG KHNH, em hon thnh bn n
mn hc. Trong qu trnh lm n do kin thc cn hn ch bn cnh vn kinh
nghim tch ly t i, nn bn n kh trnh khi thiu st. Do em mong
c s nhn xt, gp ca cc thy c bn n v kin thc bn thn em c
th hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy TRN QUANG KHNH, l ngi trc
tip hng dn gip em hon thnh bn n ny, cc thy c trong khoa in
ni ring v cc thy c trong trng i Hc in Lc ni chung.
H Ni, thng 5 nm 2011
Sinh vin
Nguyn S Tng
n cung cp in
GVHD: TS. Trn Quang Khnh
2011
N 3
THIT K CUNG CP IN CHO CHUNG C CAO TNG
***********************
bi:
Thit k cung cp in cho mt khu chungc thuc khu vc ni thnh ca
mt thnh ph ln. Chung c c N tng. Mi tng c nh cn h, cng sut trung
bnh tiu th mi h vi din tch 70m2 l p0sh, kW/h. Chiu cao trung bnh ca
mi tng l H, m. Chiu sng ngoi tri vi tng chiu di bng 5 ln chiu cao
ca ta nh, sut cng sut chiu sng l pocs2 = 0,03 kW/m.Ngun in c cng
sut v cng ln, khong cch t im u in n tng ca ta nh l L, mt.
Ton b chung c c ntm thang my gm 2 loi nh v ln vi h s tip in
trung bnh l =0,6; h s cos = 0,65. Thi gian s dng cng sut cc i
Tmax,h/nm. H thng my bm bao gm:
TT
1
2
3
4
Loi bm
Sinh hot
Thot nc
B bi
Cu ha
Cos
0,70
0,78
0,75
0,75
Thi gian mt in trung bnh trong nm l tf = 24 h; Sut thit hi do mt in l:

gth = 5500; Ph ti gia tng theo hm tuyn tnh: Pt = P0.[1+.(t-t0)] vi sut tng
trung bnh hng nm l = 4,5%. P0 l cng sut tnh ton nm hin ti t0. Chu k
thit k l 7 nm. H s chit khu i = 0,1;
Gi thnh tn tht in nng: c=1000/kWh; Gi mua in gm=500 /kWh; Gi
bn in trung bnh gb = 860/kWh.
Cc s liu khc ly trong ph lc hoc s tay thit k cung cp in.
Bng s liu thit k cung cp in chung c cao tng:
S
tn
g
N
S h /tng, nh S lng,
ng vi din cng sut
tch m2/h
thang
my
SVTH: Nguyn S Tng 3-H3
S lng,cng sut my bm
(kW)
H
(m)
TM
(h)
L
(m)
n cung cp in
12
70
10
0
12
0
(kW)
Nh
Ln
7,5
16
Cp nc
sinh hot
2x16+4x5,
6
Thot
nc
B
bi
Cu
ha
2x7,5
2x4,5
16
3,8
2011
428
0
Nhim v thit k:
I. Thuyt minh
1. Tnh ton nhu cu ph ti
1.1 Ph ti sinh hot
1.2 Ph ti ng lc
1.3 Ph ti chiu sng
1.4 Tng hp ph ti
2. Xc nh s cung cp in
2.1. Chn v tr t my bin p
2.2. La chn phng n (so snh t nht 2 phng n):
- S mng in bn ngoi
- S mng in trong nh
3. Chn s lng v cng sut my bin p v chn tit din dy dn
3.1 Chn s lng v cng sut my bin p
3.2 Chn tit din dy dn
4. Chn thit b in
4.1 Tnh ton ngn mch
4.2 Chn thit b ca trm bin p
4.3 Chn thit b ca cc t phn phi (thit b iu khin, bo v v o lng)
4.4 Kim tra ch khi ng ca cc ng c
87
n cung cp in
2011
5. Tnh ton ch mng in

5.1 Tn tht in p
5.2 Tn tht cng sut
5.3 Tn tht in nng
6. Thit k mng in mt cn h
6.1 S b tr thit b gia dng
6.2 Chn thit b ca mng in cn h
7. Tnh ton ni t
8. Hch ton cng trnh
9. Phn tch kinh t - ti chnh
II. Bn v
1. S mt bng chung c vi cc v tr t phn phi, s mng in bn
ngoi gm c phng n so snh;
2. S nguyn l mng in cung cp cho ta nh chung c vi y k hiu,
m thit b;
3. S trm bin p gm: S nguyn l, s mt bng v mt ct trm bin
p, s ni t;
4. S mng in mt cn h gm: s nguyn l, s b tr thit b v dy
dn;
5. Bng s liu tnh ton mng in: ph ti, so snh cc phng n; tnh ton
ngn mch v chn thit b; hch ton cng trnh.
n cung cp in
2011
1 I - THUYT MINH
CHNG 1
TNH TON NHU CU PH TI
Ph ti ca cc chung c bao gm 2 thnh phn c bn l ph ti sinh hot
(bao gm c chiu sng) v ph ti ng lc.Ph ti sinh hot thng chim t l
phn ln hn so vi ph ti ng lc.
Theo bng s liu thit k trn ta c:
-
Tng s h trn 1 tng l: nh.t=2+4+2=8 (h)
Tng s cn h trong chung c l: Nh=N.nh.t=12.8=96 (h)
ng vi ni thnh thnh ph rt ln, sut tiu th trung bnh ca h gia nh

s dng bp gas l (Bng 10.pl):
P0 = 1,62 kW/h
1.1 Xc nh ph ti sinh hot ca ta nh chung c
Trc ht cn xc nh m hnh d bo ph ti: Coi nm c s l nm hin
ti t0 = 0, p dng m hnh dng:
Pt = P0.[1+ (t-t0)]
Trong : P0 - ph ti nm c s t0;
- sut tng ph ti trung bnh hng nm, = 4,5%;
Sut ph ti ca mi h gia nh mi nm ca chu k thit k c tnh nh
sau:
t
P0
1
1,2756
2
1.3224
3
1,3729
4
1,4273
5
1,4862
6
1,5502
7
1,62
Bng 1.1: Sut tng ph ti hng nm

Ph thuc vo mc trang b cc thit b gia dng, ph ti ca cc cn h
c phn thnh cc loi: loi c trang b cao, loi trung bnh v loi trang b
thp. Tuy nhin, do thnh phn ph ti in dng trong nu bp thng chim t
n cung cp in
2011
trong ln trong c cu ph ti h gia nh, nn tin cho vic tnh ton ph ti,
ngi ta phn bit cc cn h ch yu theo s trang b nh bp. Di gc ny
c th phn loi cn h: dng bp nu bng in, dng bp nu bng gas v dng
bp hn hp (va dng gas va dng in).
Ph ti sinh hot trong chung c c xc nh theo biu thc:

N
Psh = kcc .k dt .P0 ni k hi = kcc.kdt.P0.(n1.kh1 + n2.kh2 + n3.kh3)

i =1
Trong :
kcc - h s tnh n ph ti chiu sng chung trong ta nh (ly bng 5%,tc l kcc
= 1,05).
kdt - h s ng thi, ph thuc vo s cn h, ly theo bng 1.pl.
P0 - sut tiu th trung bnh ca mi cn h,xc nh theo bng 10.pl.
P0 = 1,62 kW/h: sut tiu th trung bnh ca h gia nh s dng bp gas.
N- S cn h c cng din tch
ni - lng cn h loi i (c din tch nh nhau)
+ n1- s cn h 70 m2 l: n1=12.2 = 24 h;
+ n2 - s cn h 100 m2 l: n2= 12.4 = 48 h;
+ n3 - s cn h 120 m2 l: n3=12.2 = 24 h;
khi - h s hiu chnh i vi cn h loi i c din tch trn gi tr tiu chun Ftc
tng thm (tng thm 1% cho mi m2 qu tiu chun):
k
hi
Trong :
= 1+ F F .0, 01
i
tc
Fi- din tch cn h loi i, m2;
Din tch tiu chun: Ftc = 70 m2

* Tm h s kt:
V s h gia nh l Nh = 96 h.
n cung cp in
2011
Da vo bng 1.pl th s h l 96 h khng c trong bng s liu trn.T y ta

phi s dng phng php ni suy tm h s ng thi kt = 0,3316.
Vi din tch tiu chun 70mm2 th
k
h1
=1
h2
= 1 + ( 100 70) .0, 01 =1, 3
h3
= 1 + ( 120 70) .0, 01 =1,5
Vy, cng sut tc dng ca ph ti sinh hot trong chung c c xc

nh theo biu thc:
Psh = kcc.kdt.P0.(n1.kh1 + n2.kh2 + n3.kh3)
= 1,05.0,3316.1,62.(24.1 + 48.1,3 + 24.1,5) 69,04 kW
Bng 9.pl. H s cng sut cc h dng in
H tiu th in
cos
tg
H gia nh c dng bp in
0,98
0,2
H gia nh dng bp ga hoc bp than
0,96
0,29
Cc thit b ng lc (my bm. qut bu v.v.)
0,8
0,75
Thang my
0,65
1,17
Vi h gia nh dng bp gas th h s cng sut cos = 0,96 ; tg = 0, 29.
Cng sut ton phn ca ph ti sinh hot l:
Ssh =
Psh
69,04
=
= 71,92 kVA
cos
0,96
Cng sut phn khng ca ph ti sinh hot l:

Qsh = Psh . tg = 69,04 . 0,29 = 20,02 kVAr
Tnh ton ring cho mi tng:
S h trn 1 tng l: N1= 4+2+2=8 h kt=0,502.

- Cng sut tc dng tnh ton ca mi tng l:
N
Ptng = kcc.kt.P0.. n i .k hi
i =1
n cung cp in
2011
=1,05.0,502.1,62.(24.1+48.1,3+24.1,5)8,71 kW
- Cng sut phn khng tnh ton cho mi tng l:
Qtng = Ptng . tg= 8,71.0,29 = 2,526 kVAr;
1.2 Xc nh ph ti chiu sng
Chiu sng trong chung c:

+ Trong nh (1)
+ Ngoi tri (2)
Chiu sng trong nh c tnh ton gp vo phn tnh ton ph ti sinh
hot, c nhn vi h s kcc (ly bng 5% tng cng sut sinh hot).
Chiu sng bn ngoi: Tnh ton theo mt chiu di (ph thuc vo chiu di
chung quanh cn h); bn hoa quy v din tch mt con ng tnh.
Chiu sng ngoi tri vi tng chiu di bng 5 ln chiu cao ca ta nh, sut
cng sut chiu sng l pocs2 = 0,03 kW/m.
Ta c: Pcs = p0cs2. l
Trong : p0cs2 = 0,03 kW/m
l l tng chiu di chiu sng ngoi tri :

l = 5.n .H = 5.12.3,8= 228 m
Cng sut cn cho chiu sng l:

Pcs = 0,03.228 = 6,84 kW
P
k i = cs
5
0,04
6,84
0,41 =
0 , 04
0,41 = 0,603
Tng hp ph ti sinh hot v ph ti chiu sng

Psh +cs = Psh + Pcs .k i = 69,04 + 6,84.0,603= 73,162 kW
10
n cung cp in
2011
1.3 Xc nh ph ti ng lc
Ph ti ng lc trong cc khu nh chung c bao gm ph ti ca cc thit b
dch v v v sinh k thut nh thang my, my bm nc, my qut, thng
thong Ph ti tnh ton ca cc thit b ng lc ca khu chung c c xc
nh theo biu thc:
P =k
. P
+P
dl
nc.dl tm
vs-kt
Trong : Pdl l cng sut tnh ton ca ph ti ng lc, kW.

k
nc.dl
l h s nhu cu ca ph ti ng lc, thng ly bng 0,9.
P l cng sut tnh ton ca cc thang my.

tm
P
vs kt l cng sut tnh ton ca thit b v sinh - k thut.
1.3.1 Xt vi thang my
Cng sut tnh ton ca thang my l:
n
P = k
. P
tm
nc-tm
tmi
i=1
Trong : n l s lng thang my.

k
nc tm l h s nhu cu ca thang my xc nh theo bng 2.pl.
Do thang my lm vic theo ch ngn hn lp li, nn cng sut ca chng

cn phi quy v ch lm vic di hn theo biu thc:
P =P
.
tm dm.tm
Trong : Pdm.tmcng sut nh mc ca ng c thang my, kW;

l h s tip in ca thang my (chn = 0,6);
p dng vo thit k chung c c th ta c:
Chung c c 1 thang my nh v 1 thang my ln.Cng sut nh mc
tng ng ca cc thang my l: 7,5 v 16.
Cng sut tnh ton i v ch lm vic di hn l:
11
n cung cp in
+ Thang my nh:
tm1
= 7,5. 0, 6 5,809( kW )
+ Thang my ln:
tm 2
= 16. 0, 6 12,394 ( kW )
2011
Theo bng 2.pl v h s nhu cu thang my th trong thit k ny c 12 tng

v 2 thang my nn h s knc-tm= 1.
P = k
tm
nc-tm
. P
i=1
tmi
= 1. (1.5,809+1.12,394
) 18,203 (kW )
Theo Bng 9.pl : cos tm = 0, 65 ; tg tm = 1,17
1.3.2 Xt vi trm bm
n
Cng sut tnh ton ca trm bm:
bom
=k
nc
. P
i=1
bomi
Trong : knc l h s nhu cu ca thit b v sinh-k thut (bm)

n l tng s lng bm s dng
b
P
bomi l cng sut ca bm th i
STT
Chc nng
Cp nc sinh hot
S lng Cng sut (kW) Tng

2
16
5,6
Thot nc
7,5
15
B bi
4,5
Cu ha
16
16
Tng
54,4
11
Bng 1.2: Bng s liu k thut bm
12
n cung cp in
2011
Trong thit k ny th tng s my bm l 11 my v chia lm 4 nhm nh

bng trn. Ta tnh ton cho tng nhm ring:
-
Nhm 1: Nhm cp nc sinh hot:
Tng s my bm trong nhm 1 l: nb1=2 + 4 =6 my

h s knc1= 0,783.
Cng sut tnh ton ca trm bm nhm 1 l:
P
-
bm1
= 0,783.54,4 = 42,595 (kW)
Nhm 2:Nhm thot nc:
Tng s my bm trong nhm 2 l: nb2 =2 my

h s knc2= 1.
P
-
bm2
= 1.15 = 15(kW)
Nhm 3: Nhm b bi:
Tng s my bm s dng trong nhm 3 l: nb3 = 2 my

h s knc3= 1.
Cng sut tnh ton ca trm bm nhn 3 l:
P
-
bm3
= 1.9 = 9(kW)
Nhm 4: Nhm cu ha:
Tng s my bm s dng trong nhm 4 l: nb4 = 1 my

h s knc4=1.
P
bm4
= 1.16 = 16(kW)
Tng hp kt qu tnh ton ta c:

13
n cung cp in
Nhm
Pbmi, kW
Cp nc sinh
hot
42,595
Thot nc
15
B bi
Cu ha
16
Tng
82,595
2011
Bng 1.3: Tng hp cng sut h thng bm

Vy vi 4 nhm my bm th knc= 0,8 (Theo bng 4.pl)
Cng sut tnh ton ca ton trm bm l:
P
bm
nc
= k .P
bmi
= 0,8.82,595 66,076 (kW)
Theo Bng 9.plth cos = 0,8.

Q
=P
. tg
= 66, 076.0, 75 =49,557( kVAr)
bom
bom
bom
Tng hp tnh ton cng sut cho ph ti ng lc

Cng sut tnh ton cho ph ti ng lc l:
P =k
. P
+P
= 0,9. 18,203
( + 66,076
dl
nc.dl tm bom
75,851
) kW
H s cng sut ca ph ti ng lc l:
P .cos +P
.cos
tm bom
bom = 18,203.0,65+66,076.0,8 0,77
cos = tm
dl
18,203+66,076
P +P
tm bom
P
k i = l
5
0,04
75,851
0,41 =
0,04
0,41 = 0,705
14
n cung cp in
2011
1.4 Tng hp ph ti
Nh vy, ph ti ca chung c c phn thnh 3 nhm: nhm ph ti sinh
hot xc nh theo phng php h s ng thi; ph ti ca nhm ng lc xc
nh theo phng php h s nhu cu; ph ti ca nhm chiu sng.
Ph ti tnh ton ca ton im chung c s c xc nh theo phng php
s gia:
Ta c tng cng sut tnh ton ca ton b ph ti l:
Ptt =Psh+cs + k i .Pdl

Nhm
Sinh hot
ng lc
Chiu sng
Ptt (kW)
69,04
75,851
6,84
Bng 1.4 : Tng hp ph ti tnh ton

Cng sut tc dng ca ton ph ti l:
P = 73,162 + 0,705.75,851 = 126,63 (kW)
tt
H s cng sut ca ta nh l:
cos =
P
.cos
+P .cos
sh+cs
sh+cs dl
dl = 73,162.0,96 +75,851.0, 77 0,86
P
+P
73,162 +75,851
sh+cs dl
Cng sut ton phn ca ta nh l:

Ptt
126,63
Stt =
=
147,24
kVA
cos
0,86
Cng sut phn khng ca ta nh l:

2
2
2
2
Q = S tt - P tt = 147,24 -126,63
75,13
kVAr
tt
( ) ( )
Nhn xt: T kt qu tnh ton ta thy cng sut ca ph ti ng lc ln

hn rt nhiu so vi ph ti chiu sng v ph ti sinh hot. H s cng sut ca
ph ti ng lc nh nht v chng tiu th mt lng cng sut phn khng ln.
Ph ti chiu sng c cng sut tiu th rt nh.
15
n cung cp in
2011
CHNG 2
XC NH S CUNG CP IN
tng tin cy ca mng in s c b tr hai ng dy h tr d
phng cho nhau c tnh ton mi ng dy c th mang ti an ton khi c
s c mt trong hai ng dy m khng lm gim cht lng in trn u vo
ca cc h tiu th; cc mng in sinh hot, chiu sng v thang my c xy
dng c lp vi nhau. Mch chiu sng trang b h thng t ng ng ngt theo
chng trnh xc nh.
Thang my nh
Thang my ln
Thang my d
phng nh
Mch chiu
sng
ng dy chnh
Chiu di t t phn phi n t phn phi tng l l2=3,8.12=45,6m
Mch in thang my
Mch in sinh hot
T rm bm
ng dy d phn g
16
n cung cp in
2011
Hnh 2.1. S nguyn l mng in cung cp cho chung c 12 tng
14
15
Tng 212
13
12
23
Tng 1
16
23
17
3P
21
1P
2P
1P
4
7
1P
11
8
20
10
20
18
19
1
H
nh 2.2. S mng in ta nh 12 tng
1 - cp vo nh,d phng tng h nhau; 2 - c cu chuyn mch; 3 - ptomat
tng; 4 - ng dy cung cp in cho cn h; 5 - im u dy ca cc thit b
dch v chung; 6 - ng dy cung cp cho cc thit b t ng v chiu sng cu
thang;7 - ng dy cung cp chomng in bn ngoi; 8 - ng dy cung cp
cho mng in chiu sng k thut tng hm v kho; 9 - ng dy cung cpcho
cc thit b ng lc,thang my; 10 - cng t in nng tc dng; 11 - cung cp
in cho mng in chiu sng s c; 12 - t phn phi tng; 13 - ng trc
ng; 14 - cu dao;15 - cng t; 16 - aptmat mch in cn h; 17 - ptomat
17
n cung cp in
2011
ng trc ng; 18 - n hiu; 19 - c cu chuyn mch; 20 - t chng nhiu; 21

- mng in iu khin nh sng cu thang; 22 - t bo quang in; 23 - rle thi
gian; 24 - bng in chiu sng.
2.1 La chn v tr t trm bin p
Nh bit, v tr ca trm bin p cn phi t ti trung tm ph ti, tuy
nhin khng phi bao gi cng c th t c iu , v l do v kin trc,
thm m v iu kin mi trng. tng xy ra cc trng hp phn nn v
ting n ca my bin p t bn trong ta nh. i vi cc ta nh nh, v tr ca
cc trm bin p c th b tr bn ngoi. i vi cc ton nh ln vi ph ti cao,
vic t my bin p bn ngoi i khi s gy tn km, bi vy ngi ta thng
chn v tr t bn trong, thng tng mt, cch ly vi cc h dn. Trm bin p
cng c th t tng hm bn trong hoc bn ngoi ta nh. Phng n t trm
bin p tng hm gn y c p dng nhiu, tuy nhin y cn c bit lu
n h thng thng thong v iu kin lm mt ca trm. Nhn chung, chn
v tr lp t ti u cn phi gii bi ton kinh t-k thut, trong cn phi xt
n tt c cc yu t c lin quan.
Cho php t TBA trong khu nh chung c nhng phng phi c cch m
tt v phi m bo yu cu k thut theo tiu chun mc n cho php trong cng
trnh cng cng 20 TCN 175 1990. Trm phi c tng ngn chy cch li vi
phng k st v phi c li ra trc tip.Trong trm c th t my bin p (MBA)
c h thng lm mt bt k.
Chn v tr t trm bin p l tng hm.V nhng l do sau:
+ Tit kim c mt din tch t nh.
+ Lm tng tnh an ton cung cp in i vi con ngi.
+ Trnh c cc yu t bt li ca thi tit gy ra.
2.2 La chn phng n

Tnh ton la chn so snh 2 phng n:
Phng n 1 - Hai trc ng cp in cho cc cn h qua cc tng.
Phng n 2 - Chn mt tuyn dy dc chung cho tt c cc tng.
2.2.1 Phng n 1
* S mng in bn ngoi tri
18
n cung cp in
2011
- S mng in ngoi tri c xy dng cp in n cc t phn phi u

vo ca ta nh. Trong t phn phi u vo ta nh c trang b cc thit b ng
ct, iu khin, bo v, o m. S mch in ca t phn phi ph thuc vo
s cp in ngoi tri, s tng ca ta nh, s hin din ca ca hng, vn
phng, cng s, s lng thit b ng lc v yu cu v tin cy cung cp in.
Ph thuc vo nhng yu t trn mi ta nh c th c mt, hai, ba hoc nhiu t
phn phi.
- cung cp in cho cc ta nh c cao trung bnh (khong 9 16 tng) c
th p dng s hnh tia hoc s ng trc phn nhnh.
- La chn s cung cp in phi da vo 3 yu cu:
+ tin cy
+ Tnh kinh t
+ An ton
- Trong s ny, mt trong cc ng dy, chng hn ng 1 c s dng
cp in cho cc cn h v chiu sng chung (chiu sng hnh lang, cu thang,
chiu sng bn ngoi...), cn ng dy kia cung cp in cho cc thang my,
thit b cu ha, chiu sng s c v cc thit b khc. Khi xy ra s c trn mt
trong cc ng dy cung cp, tt c cc h dng in s c chuyn sang mch
ca ng dy lnh vi s tr gip ca c cu chuyn mch, t ngay ti t phn
phi u vo ta nh. Nh vy cung cp phi c la chn sao cho ph hp vi
ch lm vic khi xy ra s c.
Hnh2.3. S mng in cung cp cho Cc ta

chung c 12 tng
nh
1, 2 ng dy cung cp chnh;
3, 4 t phn phi vi c cu chuyn
mch
1
2
* S mng in bn trong nh
19
n cung cp in
2011
- Vic xy dng mng in phn phi trong ta nh thng c thc hin vi

cc ng trc ng. u tin l la chn s lng v v tr lp t cc ng
trc ng.
Tng 12
Tng 11
Tng 10
Tng 9
Tng 8
Tng 7
Tng 6
Tng 5
Tng 4
Tng 3
Tng 2
Tng 1
Hnh 2.4. S hai trc ng cung cp in cho cc cn h qua tng
2.2.2 Phng n 2
* S mng in bn ngoi tri
20
n cung cp in

Chiu
sng
Chung c
T phn phi
ta nh
2011
ng
lc
ng dy
chnh
(1)
Hnh 2.5. S mng in ngoi tri

chung c 12 tng vi 1 ng dy chnh
S mng in ngoi tri c xy dng trn mt ng trc cung cp
cho c chung c, ng lc v chiu sng. S ny c u im hn s trn l
tit kim c chi ph dy dn nhng khi c s c th khng m bo cung cp
in lin tc. V th ta chn s mng in bn ngoi l phng n 1.
* S mng in trong nh
21
n cung cp in
2011
Tng 12
Tng 11
Tng 10
Tng 9
Tng 8
Tng 7
Tng 6
Tng 5
Tng 4
Tng 3
Tng 2
Tng 1
Hnh 2.6. S 1 trc ng cung cp in cn h qua tng
Nhn xt: C rt nhiu phng n i dy cho to nh trung c, nhng nu

s dng phng n s mt trc ng c th gy nh hng khi s c xy ra. V
vy, ta s dng s mng in trong nh theo phng n 1.
22
n cung cp in
2011
3 CHNG 3
CHN S LNG V CNG SUT MY BIN P
V CHN TIT DIN DY DN
3.1 Chn s lng v cng sut my bin p
Vic la chn my bin p phi m bo cc yu cu cung cp in lin
tc, cht lng v an ton. Cc trm bin p cung cp in cho ph ti loi 1 v
loi 2 nn dng khng t hn 2 my. Khi ph ti loi 1 b hn 50% tng cng
sut khu vc th t nht mi mt my phi c dung lng bng 50% cng sut
ca khu vc . Khi ph ti loi 1 ln hn 50 % tng cng sut th mi my bin
p phi c dung lng bng 100% cng sut ca khu vc . ch lm vic
bnh thng, c hai my bin p lm vic, cn trong trng hp s c mt my
th ta s chuyn ton b ph ti v my khng s c.
Ph ti ca chung c cao tng c coi l loi II, sut thit hi do mt in
l gth = 5500/kWh;
Tng cng sut tnh ton ca ton chung c khng k n tn tht l:
Stt = 147,24 kVA

Cn ckt qu tnh ton ph ti Stt ta chn cng sut MBA10/0,4kV nh sau:
- Phng n 1: dng 2 my bin p: 2 x 100 kVA.
- Phng n 2: dng 1 my bin p 160 kVA.
Cc tham s k thut my bin p do ABB sn xut: (Bng 21.pl v 30.pl):
SBA,kVA
P0, kW
Pk,kW
Vn u t, 106 VN
2x100
0,32
2,05
2 x 50
160
0,5
2,95
59
Bng 3.1: Tham s k thut MBA do ABB sn xut

V my bin p c th lm vic qu ti trong mt thi gian nht nh nn ta
chn hai phng n trn c th tit kim c chi ph, nhng di gc k
23
n cung cp in
2011
thut cc phng n ngang nhau v tin cy cung cp in: i vi phng n

1, khi c s c 1 trong 2 my bin p my cn li s phi gnh 1 phn ph ti,
cn phng n 2 s phi ngng cung cp in cho cc h tiu th khi c s c
trong my bin p. m bo s tng ng v k thut ca cc phng n cn
phi xt n thnh phn thit hi do mt in khi c s c xy ra 1 trong cc
my bin p.
Phng n 1: Dng 2 my bin p 2 x 100 kVA
Trc ht cn kim tra kh nng lm vic qu ti ca my bin p.
3.1.1
H s in kn th c th xc nh theo biu thc:

k dk =
Ptb
T
4280
= M =
0,489 < 0,75
Pmax 8760 8760
Nh vy my bin p c kh nng chu c qu ti 40% trong thi gian xy ra

s c.
Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca ton chung c theo biu thc: Si =
Pi
cos
Trong : Pi =Pish +Pdl +Pcs =p0i .k cc .k dt . ni .k hi +Pdl +Pcs

i=1
- Tnh ton cho nm th nht t = 1:

1
P = 1,2756.1,05.0,3316.(1.24 + 1,3.48 + 1,5.24) + 75,851 + 6,84

137,054 kW
S1 =
P1
cos
137,054
0,86
159,365kVAr
+ m bo my bin p khng qu ti 40% so vi gi tr nh mc khi c

s c 1 trong 2 my bin p cn phi ct bt 1 lng cng sut l:
S1th = S1 1,4.SBA = 159,365 1,4.100 =19,365 kVAr
+ Thit hi do mt in:
24
n cung cp in
2011
Y1 = S1th . cos. t f. g th = 19,365.0,86.24.5500= 2,198.10 6

Trong : tf =24h thi gian mt in trung bnh trong nm
+ Xc nh tn tht in nng trong cc my bin p:
A11= n BA
. P0+
.t
P
. K.(
2
S1
)
S BA
Trong : t = 8760h, P0 = 0,32 kW, Pk = 2,05 kW

= 0,124 +104 T.
max
A1-1 = n BA .P0 .t +
PK
S
..( 1 )2
2
SBA
.8760 (
0,124
=
10+4 .4280
) .8760
2
2669,
( ) 2 h
2,05
159,365
= 2.0,32.8760 +
.2669,2.
12554,91 kWh
2
100
+ Chi ph tn tht nm th nht:

C1 = c .A11 = 1000.12554,91 12,555.106
+ Tng chi ph nm th nht

C1 = Y1 + C1 = 2,198.106 +12,555.106 =14,753.106
+ Gi tr tng chi ph quy v hin ti PVC c xc nh theo biu thc:

T
PVC = C t. t min
t =0
Trong :
=
1
1
=
= 0,91;
1 + i 1 + 0,1
Ct .t = 14,753.10 6.0,91 = 13, 425.10 6
Tnh ton tng t cho cc nm v cho cc phng n ta c bng tng kt:

25
n cung cp in
ST
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Pi
(kW)
137,05
4
139,04
8
141,20
0
143,51
9
146,02
9
148,75
6
151,73
1
Sth
Yi
Si
(kVA (106
(kVA)
)
)
159,36 19,36 2,19
5
5
8
161,68 21,68 2,46
4
4
2
164,18 24,18 2,74
6
6
6
166,88 26,88 3,05
3
3
2
169,80 29,80 3,38
1
1
3
172,97 32,97 3,74
2
2
3
176,43 36,43 4,13
1
1
6
21,7
2
A
(kWh)
C
Ci
6
(10 ) (106)
12554,
91
12758,
57
12981,
66
13225,
91
13494,
75
13792,
12
14122,
81
92930,
73
12,55
5
12,75
9
12,98
2
13,22
6
13,49
5
13,79
2
14,12
3
92,93
1
0,9
1
0,8
3
0,7
5
0,6
8
0,6
2
0,5
6
0,5
1
4,8
6
14,753
15,221
15,728
16,278
16,878
17,535
18,259
114,65
1
2011
C.t
(106)
13,425
12,633
11,796
11,069
10,464
9,82
9,312
78,519
3.1.2 Phng n 2: Dng 1 my bin p 160 kVA.

ST
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Pi
(kW)
137,05
4
139,04
8
141,20
0
143,51
9
146,02
9
148,75
6
151,73
1
Si
(kVA)
159,36
5
161,68
4
164,18
6
166,88
3
169,80
1
172,97
2
176,43
1
Sth
(kVA)
159,36
5
161,68
4
164,18
6
166,88
3
169,80
1
172,97
2
176,43
1
Yi
(106)
18,091
18,354
18,638
18,945
19,276
19,636
20,028
A
(kWh)
8285,8
87
8400,3
68
8525,7
74
8663,0
69
8814,1
92
8981,3
5
9167,2
37
Ci
(106)
C
(106)
8,286 26,377
8,4
26,754
8,526 27,164
8,663 27,608
8,814
28,09
8,981 28,617
9,167 29,195
t
0,9
1
0,8
3
0,7
5
0,6
8
0,6
2
0,5
6
0,5
1
C.t
(106)
24,003
22,206
20,373
18,773
17,416
16,026
14,889
26
n cung cp in
132,96
8
2011
60837,
88
60,83 193,80 4,8

7
5
6
133,68
6
Kt qu tng hp so snh ca 2 phng n chn my bin p

Tham s
Vn u t V,106
A, kWh
Thit hi Y, 106
PVC, 106
Phng n
1(2x100kVA)
2 x 50
92930,73
21,72
78,519
Phng n
2(1x160kVA)
59
60837,88
132,968
133,686
T kt qu tnh ton bng ta thy phng n 1 c PVC nh nht,nn

chnh l phng n ti u cn xc nh. Nh vy, ta chn trm bin p gm 2 my
bin p 100kVA loi TM.100/10.
3.2 Chn tit din dy dn
tng tin cy ca mng in s c b tr 2 ng dy h tr d
phng cho nhau c tnh ton mi ng dy c th mang ti an ton khi c
s c mt trong 2 ng dy m khng lm gim cht lng in trn u vo
ca cc h tiu th. Cc mch in sinh hot, chiu sng v thang my c xy
dng c lp vi nhau. Mch chiu sng c trang b h thng t ng ng ngt
theo chng trnh xc nh.
Trong tng s hao tn in p cho php 5% ta phn b cho 3 on nh sau:
- T trm bin p n t phn phi tng:
cp1
= 1,5 %
- T t phn phi tng n t phn phi cc tng: U cp2 = 2,5%

- T t phn phi cc tng n cc h gia nh:
cp3
=1%
3.2.1 Chn dy dn t li n TBA

Ta chn dy dn cao p theo iu kin mt kinh t ca dng in. Cn
c vo thi gian s dng ph ti cc i TM = 4280h, tra bng 44-Sch Mng li
in Nguyn Vn m, vi loi dy nhm ta c Jkt = 1,1 A/mm2.
- Dng in ln nht chy trn ng dy c xc nh theo biu thc:
27
n cung cp in

IM =
2011
Stt
147,24
=
= 1,932A
n. 3.U
2. 3.22
Vi n l s l ng dy, s b chn 2 l ng dy t ngun ly in vo trm

bin p m bo an ton cung cp in.
- Tit din kinh t ca dy dn cn thit l:
Fkt =
IM
1,932
=
= 1,756mm 2
J kt
1,1
- i vi dy nhm cp in p 22kV, ng dy cao p ti thiu khng nh

hn 16mm2. Do ta chn dy A-16 ni t li in vo trm bin p.
* Kim tra iu kin tn tht in p
- Vi dy A-16, khong cch trung bnh gia cc dy l 0,6 m, tra bng thng s
dy A-16 ( bng 2 v bng 3 Sch Mng li in) ta c:
r0 = 1,98 /km, Icp.nt = 105A, x0 = 0,358 /km.
- Hao tn in p trn dy dn c xc nh:
U1 =
P .r0 +Q .x 0 126,63.1,98+75,13.0,358
=
U
22
= 12,619 V
- Mt khc, khong cch t im u in n tng ca ta nh l L = 87m, v

do TBA t ti tng hm nn s b chn l = 87m.
- Ta c: Ubt.cp = 5%. Um = 5%. 22 = 1,1kV = 1100 V
Nh vy, U < Ubt.cp, dy dn A-16 tha mn iu kin tn tht in p.
3.2.2 Chn dy dn t TBA n t phn phi
T phn phi trung tm ly ngun t trm bin p v my pht d phng
thng qua b chuyn i ngun t ng: my pht t khi ng khi ngun chnh
t my bin p mt v tt khi ngun chnh c tr li.
T phn phi trung tm cp ngun cho cc t phn phi trung gian cc
tng.Thng thng mt tuyn dy ngun cp cho bn nm tng.Ngoi ra n cn
cung cp ngun cho cc ph ti chnh nh my iu ha trung tm, thang my, h
thng bm
28
n cung cp in
2011
S b chn chiu di t trm bin p n t phn phi l1 = 20 m. Chn dy

cp ly in t trm bin p n t phn phi theo mt kinh t ca dng in,
vi s l ng dy l n = 2.
- Dng in ln nht chy qua dy cp c xc nh:
IM =
S
147,24
=
= 111,854 A
n. 3.U 2. 3.0,38
Tra bng 44-Sch Mng li in-Nguyn Vn m, vi loi cp li ng ta c

Jkt = 3,1 A/mm2.
- Tit din kinh t ca dy dn cn thit l:
Fkt =
I M 111,854
=
= 36,082 mm 2
J kt
3,1
T Fkt = 35,082 mm2, tra bng 24.pl, ta thy tit din dy cp tiu chun nh
nht l F = 50 mm2. Nh vy, ta chn dy cp XLPE-50, vi cc thng s: r0 =
0,4 /km; x0 = 0,06 /km.
* Kim tra cc iu kin:
- iu kin hao tn in p thc t:
U 2 =
P .r0 +Q .x 0
126,63.0,4+75,13.0,06
.l1 =
. 0,02 2,9031 V
U
0,38
Mt khc, Ucp1 = 1,5%. Um = 1,5%. 380 = 5,7 V.

Ta thy U1< Ucp1, nh vy cp chn m bo yu cu v cht lng in p.
- iu kin t nng:
IM =
S
n. 3.U n
147,24
= 111,854A
2. 3.0,38
Theo phng thc t cp tra trong bng ph lc 15pl. 17pl. ta xc nh c

cc h s hiu chnh k1 = 0,95, k2 = 1, k3 = 0,96. Vi dy dn tit din Ftc = 50
mm2 cch in XLPE, t c dng in cho php iu kin tiu chun l : Icpn =
141 A (bng 18pl.). Dng in cho php hiu chnh l:
Icp = k1.k2.k3.Icpn = 0,95.1.0,96.141 = 128,592 A
Ta thy Icp> IM, nh vy cp c chn tha mn iu kin t nng cho php.
29
n cung cp in
2011
- iu kin n nh nhit: kim tra cc iu kin nhit, trc ht ta cn xc

nh dng ngn mch ti im t thit b bo v.
0,4 kV
22 kV
HT
l1
N(3)
BA
Xem h thng ngun cung cp c cng sut v cng ln (XHT = 0), b qua in tr
ca cc thit b ph.
Thit lp s thay th tnh ton:
XB
HT
RB
Xd
Rd
N(3)
EHT
Zk
N(3)
Vi TBA 2 x 100 kVA, ta c Pk = 2,05 kW v Uk = 4,0%
Xc nh in tr ca cc phn t, tnh trong h n v c tn chn Ucb = 0,4kV:
2
U k .U cb
4.0,42
ZB =
=
= 0,032
100.SnB
100.2.0,1
RB =
XB =
2
Pk .Ucb
.103
( SnB .103 )
2,05.0,42 .103
2.( 0,1.103 )
= 0,0164
Z2B - R2B = 0,0322 - 0,01642 = 0,0275
in tr ca ng dy:
Rd =
r0 .l1 0,4.0,02
=
= 0,004
n
2
30
n cung cp in
2011
Tng tr ngn mch:

Zk =
( R B + R d ) 2 + ( XB + Xd ) 2
( 0,0164 + 0,004 ) 2 + ( 0,0275 + 0,0006 ) 2
= 0,0347
Gi tr dng ngn mch ba pha:

Ik =
U
0,38
=
6,32 kA
3.Z k
3.0,0347
Tit din ti thiu ca dy cp:

Fmin =
Ik . t k
Ct
6320. 0,5
38,86 mm 2
115
H s Ct = 115 (bng 5.3, trang 141, Gio trnh Cung cp in)

min
Ta thy F < F = 50 mm . Nh vy cp chn m bo yu cu k thut.

Nh vy ta chn cp XLPE-50 lm dy dn t MBA n t phn phi.
3.2.3 Chn dy dn n t phn phi cc tng

3.2.3.1 Phng n 1: Hai trc ng cung cp in cho cc cn h qua tng.
Hai ng dy cung cp in cho cc tng, mt ng dy cung cp cho s
tng l, mt ng dy cung cp cho s tng chn. Nh vy mi ng dy chu
mt na tng cng sut sinh hot ca chung c.
Hnh 3.1. S 2 trc ng dy ln cc tng

31
n cung cp in
Ssh , kVA
71,92
Ssh/2 , kVA
35,96
Psh , kW
69,04
Psh/2 , kW
34,52
Qsh , kVAr
20,02
2011
Qsh/2 , kVAr
10,01
Bng 3.2: Ph ti sinh hot ca ta nh

* Xt ng dy cung cp cho s tng chn:
- Chiu di ng dy l: l2 = L = N.H = 12.3,8 = 45,6 m.
- Chn tit din dy dn theo mt dng kinh t, ng vi TM = 4280 h, v cp
c chn l dy cp ng, ta c Jkt = 3,1 A/mm2
- Dng in ln nht cho php chy qua dy cp l:
IM =
Ssh/2
n. 3.U
35,96
1. 3.0,38
= 54,64 A
- Tit din kinh t ca cp cn chn l:

Fkt =
I M 54,64
=
= 17,63 mm 2
J kt
3,1
- Nh vy tit din kinh t theo tiu chun gn nht, tra bng 24.pl ta chn cp
3XLPE-25 m ch A2 vi cc thng s sau:
r0 = 0,8 /km, x0 = 0,07 /km ; Icp.n = 89A ( bng 18.pl)
* Kim tra cc iu kin:
- iu kin tn tht in p
U 3 =
Psh/2 .r0 + Qsh/2 .x 0

34,52.0,8 +10,01.0,07
.l 2 =
.0,0456 = 3,398 V
U
0,38
Ta c: U3 < Ucp2 = 2,5%.Um = 9,5 V, cp c chn tha mn yu cu tn

tht in p.
- iu kin t nng:
I cp = k 1 .k 2 .k 3 .I cp.n = 0,95.1.0,9 6.89 = 81,168 A
Do Icp > IM nn cp chn tha mn yu cu v iu kin t nng.

- iu kin n nh nhit:
Trc ht ta cn xc nh dng ngn mch ti im t thit b bo v. S c
nghim trng nht xy ra sau ph ti th nht ca ng dy, khi khong
cch ngn mch s l l =l1 + l2 , vi l2 = 3,8m
+ S ngn mch:
32
n cung cp in

HT
l1
2011
l2
N
(3)
BA
ca cc thit b ph.
+ S thay th:
XB
RB
Xd1
Rd1
Xd2
Rd2
HT
N(3)
EHT
Zk1
N(3)
+ in tr ca ng dy:
R d2 =
r0 .l 2 0,8.0,0038
=
= 0,00304
n
1
X d2 =
x 0 .l 2 0,07.0,0038
=
= 0,0003
n
1
+ Tng tr ngn mch:

Zk =
=
( R B + R d + R d2 ) 2 + ( X B + X d + X d2 ) 2
( 0,0164 + 0,004 + 0,00304 ) 2 + ( 0,0275 + 0,0006 + 0,0003 ) 2
= 0,0368
+ Gi tr dng ngn mch ba pha:

Ik =
U
0,38
=
5,96 kA
3.Z k
3.0,0368
+ Tit din ti thiu ca dy cp:

Fmin =
Ik . t k
Ct
5960. 0,5
36,65mm 2
115

33
n cung cp in
2011
Ta thy Fmin> F1 = 25 mm . Nh vy cp chn cha m bo yu cu n nh

nhit. Do vy ta chn cp XLPE-50. (Do cp 3XLPE-25 tha mn iu kin
tn hao in p v iu kit t nng, nn ta khng cn kim tra li)
Khi , tng tr ngn mch l: Zk = 0,0358 .
Gi tr dng ngn mch ba pha l: Ik = 6,13 kA.
Tit din ti thiu ca dy cp l: Fmin = 37,69.
Nh vy, ta chn cp XLPE-50 lm dy dn n t phn phi cc tng.
3.2.3.2 Phng n 2:
Hnh 3.2.S mt tuyn ng dy gm 2 l cung cp in cho ton chung c.

- Chiu di ngdy l: l3 = N.H = 12.3,8 = 45,6 m. Chn tit din dy dn theo
mt dng kinh t, ng vi TMax = 4280 h, v cp c chn l dy cp ng th
Jkt= 3,1 A/mm2
- Dng in ln nht cho php chy qua dy cp l:
IM =
Ssh
n. 3.U
71,92
2. 3.0,38
= 54,64 A

Fkt =
I M 54,64
=
= 17,63 mm 2
J kt
3,1
- Nh vy tit din kinh t theo tiu chun gn nht, tra bng 24.pl ta chn cp
3XLPE-25 m ch A2 vi cc thng s sau:
r0 = 0,8 /km, x0 = 0,07 /km ; Icp.n = 89 A ( bng 18.pl)
* Kim tra cc iu kin
- iu kin tn tht in p
Ta c:
U 3 =
Psh .r0 + Q sh .x 0
71,92.0,8 + 20,02.0,07
.l 3 =
.0,0456 = 7,072 V
U
0,38
34
n cung cp in
2011
Ta c: U3 > Ucp2 = 2,5%.Um = 9,5V, cp c chn tha mn yu cu tn tht

in p.
- iu kin pht nng:
I cp = k 1 .k 2 .k 3 .I cp.n = 0,95.1.0,9 6.2.89 = 162,336 A
Do Icp > IMax.sc = 2.IMax =2.54,64 = 109,28 A nn cp chn tha mn yu cu v

iu kin t nng.
- iu kin n nh nhit:
Trc ht ta cn xc nh dng ngn mch ti im t thit b bo v. S c
nghim trng nht xy ra sau ph ti th nht ca ng dy, khi khong
cch ngn mch s l l = l1 + l3, vi l3 = 3,8 m
+ S ngn mch:
HT
l1
l3
M
N(3)
BA
ca cc thit b ph.
+ S thay th:
XB
RB
Xd1
Rd1
Xd3
Rd3
HT
N(3)
EHT
Zk2
N(3)
+ in tr dy dn Zd3
r0 .l 3 0,8.3,8.10 3
=
0,0002
n
2
x 0 .l3 0, 07.3,8.103
X d3 =
=
0, 0001
n
2
R d3 =
+ Tng tr ngn mch l:
35
n cung cp in
Zk =
=
( R B + R d + R d3 )
+ (XB + Xd + Xd3
2011
( 0,0164 + 0,004 + 0,0002 ) + (0,0275+ 0,0006+

2
0,0001 )= 0 ,0349
2
+ Gi tr dng ngn mch l:

Ik =
U
3.Z k3
0,38
3.0,0349
= 6,29 kA
+ Tit din ti thiu ca dy cp l:

Fmin =
Ik . t k
Ct
6290. 0,5
= 38,68 mm 2
115

min
Ta thy F > F = 25 mm . Nh vy cp chn cha m bo yu cu n nh

nhit. Do vy ta chn cp XLPE-50. (Do cp 3XLPE-25 tha mn iu kin
tn hao in p v iu kit t nng, nn ta khng cn kim tra li)
Khi , tng tr ngn mch l: Zk3 = 0,0353 .
Gi tr dng ngn mch ba pha l: Ik = 6,22 kA.
2
Tit din ti thiu ca dy cp l: Fmin = 38,25 mm .

Nh vy, ta chn cp XLPE-50 lm dy dn n t phn phi cc tng.
3.2.3.3 So snh 2 phng n
* Phng n 1
- V c 2 tuyn ng dy nn ta tnh s b tng chiu di ca ng dy l:
lpa1 = 0,038.(11 + 12) = 0,0874 km
- Tn tht in nng trn cc on ng dy theo phng n 1 l:

2
2
Psh/2
+ Q sh/2
34,52 2 + 10,012
A 1 =
.r0 .l1 . =
.0,4.0,087 4.2669,2 871,113.10 3 kWh
2
2
U
0,38
- Chi ph do tn tht in nng l:

C1 = A 1 .c = 871,113.10 3.1000 = 871.10 6
36
n cung cp in
2011
- Sut vn u t ca cp 3XLPE-50 m ch A 2 l: V1 = 571.106 /km (bng

32.pl)
- H s tiu chun s dng vn u t:
a tc =
i. ( 1+i )
( 1+i )
Th
Th
-1
0,1.( 1+0,1)
( 1+0,1)
25
25
-1
= 0,11
Vi Th tui th cng trnh. Ly Th = 25 nm.

Tra bng 31.pl vi ng dy h p kkh% = 3, 6
p = a tc + a kh = 0,11 + 0, 036 = 0,146
- Chi ph quy i theo phng n 1 l:

Z1 = p.V1 + C1 = 0,146.571. 10 6 + 871.10 6 = 954,366.10 6
*Phng n 2
- V c 1 tuyn ng dy v 2 l nn ta tnh s b tng chiu di ca ng dy
l:
lpa2 = 2.l4 = 2.0,0456 = 0,0912 km
- Tn tht in nng trn cc on ng dy theo phng n:

2
Psh2 + Q sh
69,04 2 + 20,02 2
A 2 =
.r
.l
.
=
.0,4.0,091 2.2669,2 3485.10 3 kWh
0 pa2
2
2
U
0,38
- Chi ph do tn tht in nng l:

C 2 = A 2 .c = 3485.10 3.1000 = 3485.10 6
- Sut vn u t ca cp 3XLPE-50 m ch A2 l: V2 = 571.106 /km

- H s tiu chun s dng vn u t:
a tc =
i. ( 1+i )
( 1+i )
Th
Th
-1
0,1.( 1+0,1)
( 1+0,1)
25
25
-1
= 0,11
Vi Th tui th cng trnh. Ly Th = 25 nm.

Tra bng 31.pl vi ng dy h p kkh% = 3,6 %
p = a tc + a kh = 0,11 + 0, 036 = 0,146
37
n cung cp in
2011
- Chi ph quy i theo phng n 2 l:

Z1 = p.V1 + C1 = 0,146.571. 10 6 + 3485.10 6 = 3568,366.1 0 6
Ta c bng tng hp sau:

Phng n
L, m
V, 106
A , kWh
C, 106
Z, 106
45,6
571
954,366.103
871
89,4839
45,6
571
3568,366.1
03
17,7418
123,591
8
Bng 3.3: Cc ch tiu kinh t ca 2 phng n i dy n cc tng

Kt lun: So snh kt qu tnh ton ta thy v k thut c 2 phng n u
m bo yu cu v cht lng in, v kinh t: tng chi ph quy i ca phng
n 1 nh hn phng n 2 nn ta chn dy dn c theo phng n1.
3.2.4
Chn dy dn cho mch in thang my
3.2.4.1 Thang my c
cng sut ln (P = 16 kW)

- S b chn chiu di n thang my xa nht l l4 = 40m, h s cos = 0,65
Tng s hao tn in p cho php Ucp% = 1,25%
-Cng sut phn khng ca thang my l
Q tm2 = Ptm2 . tg tm = 12,394 . 1,17 = 14,501 (kVAr)
- Cng sut ton phn ca loi thang my ny l:

Stm2 =
Ptm2
12,394
=
= 19,068 (kVA)
cos
0,65
- Chn tit din dy dn theo mt dng kinh t, ng vi TMax = 4280h, v dy

c chn l dy ng th Jkt = 3,1 (A/mm2)
- Ta c:
I 2n =
Stm2
19, 068
=
= 28,971 A
n. 3.U 1. 3.0,38
- Tit din kinh t ca dy cn chn l:

38
n cung cp in

Fkt2 =
2011
I 2n
28, 971
=
= 9,345 mm 2
J kt
3,1
Nh vy tit din kinh t theo tiu chun gn nht, tra bng 24.pl ta chn dy
XLPE-10 vi cc thng s sau: r0 = 2/km, x0 = 0,08/km, Icp = 60 A ;
- Kim tra iu kin tn tht in p
Ta c:
U 2 =
Ptm2 .r0 + Q tm2.x 0

12,394.2 + 14,501.0,08
.l tm2 =
.0,04 = 2,371 V
U
0,38
Nh vy U <Ucp2 = 1,25%.Um = 4,75V nn dy c chn tho mn yu cu

tn tht in p.
- Kim tra iu kin t nng
I cp = k1.k2 .k3 .Icp.n = 0,95 . 1 . 0,96 . 60 = 54, 72 A
Do Icp > IMax = 28,971 A nn cp chn tho mn yu cu v iu kin t nng.

3.2.4.2 Thang my c cng sut
nh (P = 7,5 kW)
- S b chn chiu di n thang my xa nht l l5 = 40m, h s cos = 0,65.
Tng s hao tn in p cho php Ucp% = 1,25%
- Cng sut phn khng ca thang my l
Q tm1 = Ptm1 .tg tm= 5,809 . 1,17 = 6,797 (kVAr)
- Cng sut ton phn ca loi thang my ny l:

Stm1 =
Ptm1
5,809
=
= 8,937 (kVA)
cos
0,65

- Ta c:
I2n =
Stm1
8,937
=
= 13,578 A
n. 3.U 1. 3.0,38

Fkt1 =
I 2n
13,578
=
= 4,38 mm2
J kt
3,1
Nh vy tit din kinh t theo tiu chun gn nht, tra bng 24.pl ta chn
cp XLPE-6 vi cc thng s sau:r0 = 3,33/km, x0 = 0,09/km, Icp = 43 A.
39
n cung cp in
2011
Ta c:
U =
Ptm1.r0 + Q tm1.x 0
5,809.3,33 + 6,797.0,09
.l tm1 =
.0,04 = 2.101 V
U
0,38
Nh vy U < Ucp2 = 1,25%.Um = 4,75V nn dy c chn tho mn yu cu

tn tht in p.
I cp = k1.k2 .k3 .Icp.n = 0,95 .1 . 0,96 . 43 = 39, 216 A
Do Icp > IMax = 13,578A nn cp chn tho mn yu cu v iu kin t nng.

3.2.5 Chn dy dn cho mch in trm bm
3.2.5.1 Chn
dy dn t t phn phi n t phn phi trm bm

- S b chn chiu di n trm bm l l6 = 40m, tng s hao tn in p cho
php Ucp% = 1,5%.
- Ta c:
I2n =
Sbom
66,076/0,8
=
= 125,49 A
n. 3.U
1. 3.0,38

Fkt =
I2n
125,49
=
= 40,481 mm 2
J kt
3,1
Nh vy tit din kinh t theo tiu chun gn nht, tra bng 24.pl ta chn
cp XLPE-50 vi cc thng s sau:r0 = 0,4/km, x0 = 0,06/km ; Icp = 141 A
Ta c:
U =
Pbom .r0 + Q bom.x 0

66,076.0,4+49,557.0,06
.l bom =
.0,04 = 3,095 V
U
0,38
Nh vy U < Ucp2 = 1,5%.Um = 5,7V nn dy c chn tho mn yu cu

tn tht in p.
Icp = k 1.k 2.k 3.Icp.n = 0,95.1.0,96.141= 128,592A
Do Icp> IMax = 125,49A nn cp chn tho mn yu cu v iu kin t nng.
40
n cung cp in
2011
3.2.5.2 Chn dy dn tt phn phi trm bm m bm sinh hot.

S b chn chiu di chung cho cc on ng dy t t phn phi trm
bm n t phn phi cc my bm l l7 =20 m.
Chn tit din dy dn theo mt dng kinh t, ng vi TMax = 4280h, v
dy c chn l dy ng th Jkt = 3,1 (A/mm2)
Ta c:
I2n =
Sbom
42,595/0,7
=
= 92,45 A
n. 3.U
1. 3.0,38
Tit din kinh t ca dy cn chn l:

Fkt =
I2n
92,45
=
= 29,82 mm 2
J kt
3,1
Nh vy tit din kinh t theo tiu chun gn nht, tra bng 24.pl v 18.pl
ta chn cp XLPE-35 vi cc thng s sau:r0 = 0,57/km, x0 = 0,06/km; Icp =
126 A.
Ta c:
U =
Pb.sh .r0 + Q b.sh.x 0

42,595.0,57 +43, 46.0,06
. l7=
.0,02= 1, 415 V
U
0,38
Nh vy U < Ucp2 = 1,5%.Um = 5,7V nn dy c chn tho mn yu

cu tn tht in p.
Icp = k1.k 2 .k3 .Icp.n = 0,95.1.0,96.126 = 114,912 A
Do Icp > IMax = 92,45 A nn cp chn tho mn yu cu v iu kin t nng.

Tnh ton tng t cho cc loi bm thot nc, b bi v cu ha, ta c bng
sau:
B
m
P
(kW)
Q
(kVA
r)
In
F(m
m2)
Dy
chn
R0
X0
Sinh
92,4
XLPE- 0,5
42,595 43,46
29,82
hot
5
35
7
Tho
t
29,2
XLPE- 2,0
15
12,03
9,43
n
2
10
0
c
B
18,2
3,3
9
7,94
5,88 XLPE-6
bi
3
3
0,0
6
1,41
114,91
126
5
2
0,0
8
1,63
0
60
54,720
0,0
9
1,61
5
43
39,216
Icp.n
Icp
41
n cung cp in
Cu
ho
16
14,11
2011
32,4
10,45
1
XLPE16
1,2
5
0,0
7
1,10
5
80
72,960
Bng 3.4: Thng s cc loi dy dn cho cc trm bm

3.2.6 Chn dy dn cho mng in chiu sng
3.2.6.1 Chiu sng trong nh
lchiu sng trong
Hnh 3.3. Mng chiu sng trong nh

- Do khng c s liu c th nn tm ly chiu di ca mng in chiu sng
trong nh bng 4 ln chiu cao ca ta nh chung c.
lcs.tr= 4.3,8.12= 182,4 m
- Cng sut chiu sng trong nh bng 0,05 ln cng sut ph ti sinh hot
Pcs.tr = 0,05.69,04 = 3,452 kW
- Chn h thng chiu sng trong nh l mng in 1 pha 220 V nh hnh v trn.
Vi hao tn in p cho php U cp = 2,5%
- Mmen ti M =
Pcs.tr .lch.tr 3, 452.182, 4

=
=314,82 kWm
2
2
- Tit din dy dn:

Fcs1 =
M
314,82
=
= 8,995 mm 2
C1.U cp 14.2,5
Vi C1 = 14 -tra bng 26.pl

Nh vy, ta chn cp ng 2 li PVC-10; r0 =2 /km, x0 = 0,08 /km
- Tn hao in p thc t l:
U cs.tr =
M 314,82
=
= 2,249%
C.Fc 14.10
42
n cung cp in
2011
Do Ucs.tr < Ucp nn dy dn chn tha mn iu kin.

3.2.6.2 Chiu sng ngoi
- Theo bi, tng chiu di mng in chiu sng ngoi tri bng 5 ln chiu
cao ta nh, do ta c:
lcs.ng = 5 . 3,8 .12 = 228 m
0
l0A
lA B
11 8 m
30 m
110 m
l A C
Hnh 3.4.Mng in chiu sng ngoi tri

Mng chiu sng ngoi tri c b tr nh hnh v trn:
- Chiu di on OA l lOA = 30m;on AB l lAB = 118 m; on AC l lAC =110 m
- Sut ph ti trn mt n v chiu di l pocs2 = 0,03kW/m.
- Hao tn in p cho php l Ucp = 2,5% .
- Cc on dy trn ng trc t ngun O n B c xy dng vi 4 dy
dn,cc r nhnh AC thuc loi 2 pha c dy trung tnh.
- Cng sut tnh ton chy trn cc on dy l:
PAB = posc2.lA-B = 0,03.118 = 3,54 kW
PAC = pocs2.lA-C = 0,03.110 = 3,3 kW
POA = PAB + PAC = 3,54 + 3,3 = 6,84 kW
- M men ti ca cc on dy:
M OA = POA .lOA = 6,84.30 = 205,2 kWm
M AB = PAB .
lAB
118
= 3,54.
= 208,86 kWm
2
2
43
n cung cp in
M AC = PAC .
2011
lAC
110
= 3,3.
= 181,5 kWm
2
2
- Tra bng 26.pl v 27.pl, ta c =1,39 v:

+ C = 83 vi on dy OA.
+ C = 37 vi on dy AB v AC.
- Xc nh mmen quy i:
Mqd = MOA + .(MAB+MAC) = 205,2 +1,39.(208,86 + 181,5) =
747,8004kWm
*Tit din dy dn trn on u:
FOA =
M qd
c.U cp
747,8004
= 3,604 mm2
83.2,5
Ta chn dy cp ng loi PVC-4 c ro=5/km v xo=0,09 /km

+ Hao tn in p thc t trn on OA:
U OA =
M qd
C.FOA
747,8004
=
=2, 252% < 2,5%
83.4
+ Hao tn in p trn cc on cn li:

UAB = UAC = Ucp - U0A = 2,5 2,252 = 0,248%
* Tit din dy dn trn cc on AB v AC l:
FAB =
M AB
208,86
=
= 22,76 mm
C.U AB 37.0, 248
Ta chn cp PVC-25 c ro= 0,8 /km v xo= 0,07 /km

FAC =
M AC
181,5
=
= 19,78 mm 2
C.U AC 37.0,248
Ta chn cp PVC-25 c ro= 0,8 /km v xo= 0,07 /km

- Hao tn thc t trn on AB v AC l:
44
n cung cp in
+ U AB =
2011
M AB 208,86
=
= 0,226%
C.FAB 37.25
M
181,5
AC
+ U AC = C.F = 37.25= 0,196%
AC
- Tng hao tn thc t trong mch chiu sng ngoi tri l:

Ucs = UAB+UAC = 0,226 + 0,196 = 0,422% < 2,5%
Vy dy dn chn p ng yu cu.
45
n cung cp in
2011
4 CHNG 4
CHN THIT B IN
4.1 Tnh ton ngn mch
l1
l2
N3
N2
HT
BA
N1
Hnh 4.1. S tnh ton ngn mch

Coi h thng c cng sut v cng ln (Xht = 0); b qua in tr ca cc
thit b ph. My bin p c thng s: Sm = 100 kVA, Pk = 2,05 kW, Uk = 4%.
l 1 = 20m : chiu di t trm bin p n t phn phi.

l 2 = 45,6m : chiu di t t phn phi tng n t phn phi tng 12.
RB
XB
R d1
X d1
ZK1
N1
E HT
Rd 2
N2
N1
E HT
Xd 2
ZK 2
N2
N3
E HT
Z K3
N3
Hnh 4.2. S thay th tnh ton trong h n v c tn

Thit lp s thay th tnh ton:
Xc nh in tr ca cc phn t, tnh trong h n v c tn chn Ucb = 0,4 kV.
- Xc nh in tr ca cc phn t:
46
n cung cp in
ZB =
RB =
XB =
2011
2
U k .U cb
4.0,4 2
=
= 0,032
100.SnB
100.2.0,1
2
Pk .Ucb
.103
( SnB .103 )
2,05.0,42 .103
2.( 0,1.103 )
= 0,0164
Z2B - R2B = 0,0322 - 0,01642 = 0,0275
- in tr ca ng dy:
R d1 =
r0 .l1 0,4.0,02
=
= 0,004
n
2
x 0 .l1 0,06.0,02
=
= 0,0006
n
2
R d2 = r02.l 2 = 0,4.0,0456 = 0,01824
X d1 =
X d2 = x 02.l 2 = 0,06.0,0456 = 0,002736
* Ngn mch 3 pha ti im N1

- in tr ngn mch ti im N1
Zk1 =
ZBA 0,032
=
= 0,016
2
2
- Dng in ngn mch 3 pha I(3)

k1
I(3)
k1 =
Ucb
0,4
=
= 14,434 kA
3.Zk1
3.0,016
- Dng xung kch

i xk1 = k xk . 2.I k(3)1 = 1,2. 2.14,434= 24,495 kA
Trong kxk l h s xung kch ph thuc vo t s X/R (tra bng 6.pl- Sch Bi
tp Cung cp in TS. Trn Quang Khnh)
- Gi tr hiu dng dng xung kch:
I xk1 = q xk .I(3)
k1 = 1,09.14,434 =15,733 kA
Trong qxk l h s ph thuc vo ni xy ra ngn mch. (tra bng 7.pl.BT)

47
n cung cp in
2011
- Cng sut ngn mch:

Sk = 3.U cb.I k(3) = 3.0,4.14,434= 10 MVA
Tnh ton tng t cho im ngn mch N2 v N3 ta c bng tng kt sau:

im ngn
mch
N1
N2
N3
Zk ()
Ik (kA)
ixk (kA)
Ixk (kA)
Sk (kVA)
0,016
0,035
0,068
14,434
6,650
3,396
24,495
11,285
5,763
15,733
7,249
3,702
10
4,607
2,353
Bng 4.1: Tng hp tnh ton ngn mch trn cc ng dy
4.2 Chn thit b ca trm bin p

kim tra thit b in ta gi thit thi gian ct bo v l tk = 0,5 s.
4.2.1 Cu chy cao p
- Dng in lm vic bnh thng pha cao p
Ilv =
S
147,24
=
= 8,54 A
3.U
3.10
- ng vi cp cao p A-16, ta c Icp = 105 A.

- Dng nh mc ca cu chy c xc nh trong khong:
IM In
I cp
105
8,5 < I n <
= 86,777 A
1, 21
kc
H s kc ly theo bng 5.4-trang 143 Gio trnh cung cp in.

Ta chn cu chy loi K do Nga ch to c Un = 10 kV, dng nh
mc In = 75 A(bng 19.pl).
4.2.2 Dao cch li
Cn c vo dng in lm vic ta chn dao cch ly PB-10/400 (bng 26.pl Sch Bi tp cung cp in) hoc loi 3DC (do SIMENS ch to).
48
n cung cp in
2011
4.2.3 Chng st
Chn chng st van loi RA10 do Php sn xut (bng 35.pl - Sch Bi tp
cung cp in ) hoc loi AZLP501B.12 (do hng Cooper M ch to).
4.3 Chn thit b cc t phn phi
4.3.1 Chn thanh ci
- in p nh mc ca thanh ci (Utc) khng nh hn in p ca mng in:
Utc U
- Dng lm vic chy qua thanh ci l:
I =
S
147,24
=
= 223,71 A
3.U
3.0,38
- Thanh ci dt bng ng tit din

Ftc =
I 223,71
=
= 106,529 mm 2
J kt
2,1
Vi Jkt = 2,1 (bng 44-Sch Mng li in Nguyn Vn m). Vt liu thanh

ng, Tmax = 42800 h. Ta chn thanh ci 50x5 = 250 mm2 theo bng 24.pl
- Kim tra iu kin n nh nhit:
Fmin .tc =
I(3)
14, 434. 0,5 3
k1 . t k
=
.10 = 59,68 < Ftc = 250mm2
Ct
171
Trong : Ct =171 h s ca vt liu tra bng 25.pl.

tk = 0,5s: thi gian tn ti ngn mch.
Vy, thanh ci t yu cu v n nh nhit.
- Kim tra n nh ng: Chn khong vt ca thanh ci l l=120 cm, khong
cch gia cc pha l a = 70 cm;
+ Mmen un:
M = 1,76.108.
2
l2 .iixk1
1202 .24,4952
= 1,76.102.
= 217,24 kg.cm
10.a
10.70
+ Mmen chng un: W = 0,167.b2.h=0,167.0,52.5=0,209cm3

49
n cung cp in
2011
+ ng sut:
t =
M 217,24
=
= 1039,41 kg / cm 2 < cp = 1400 kg / cm2
W 0,209
Vy iu kin n nh ng m bo.
4.3.2 Chn s cch in
- Ta chn s 0-10-375 c U = 10kV; lc ph hy Fph = 375 kg
- Lc cho php trn u s l Fcp = 0,6.Fph = 0,6.375 = 225kg
- Lc tnh ton:
2
2
iixk1
2 120.14, 434
Ftt = 1,76.10 .l.
=1,76.10 .
=6,286 kg
a
70
8
- H s hiu chnh: k = H/H = 17,5/15 = 1,17

- Lc tnh ton hiu chnh: k.Ftt = 1,17.6,286 = 7,355< Fcp = 225 kG
Vy s chn m bo.
4.3.3 Chn cp in lc
Chn theo iu kin kinh t nh trnh by trn.
- Kim tra n nh nhit ca cp chn
Fmin1 =
I(3)
6,650. 0,5 3
k2 . tk
=
.10 = 29,57 < Fc =50 mm2
Ct
159
tk = 0,5s thi gian tn ti ngn mch

Ct =159 l h s ca vt liu cp li ng (Bng 25.pl.)
Cp chn m bo iu kin n nh nhit.
Fmin 2 =
I(3)
3,396. 0,5 3
k3 . t k
=
.10 = 15,10< Fc =50 mm2
Ct
159
Cp chn l m bo iu kin n nh nhit.

4.3.4 Chn aptomat v cu chy
D nh b tr cc aptomat bo v cho cc mch nh hnh v:
50
n cung cp in
2011
- Aptomat A0 bo v l tng
- Aptomat A1 bo v mch in sinh hot
- Aptomat A2 bo v mch in ng lc
- Aptomat A3 bo v mch in trm bm
- Aptomat A4 bo v cho mi mch 1 thang my d phng
- Aptomat A5 bo v cho mi mch gm 2 tng
- Aptomat A6 bo v cho mi mch gm 1 tng
- Aptomat C7 bo v cho mi mch chiu sng
- Aptomat A8 bo v cho mch thang my ln
- Aptomat A9 bo v cho mch thang my nh
4.3.4.1 Aptomat bo
v l tng (A0):
Cn c vo dng lm vic ln nht xc nh trn I = 223,71 A. Ta
chn aptomat loi SA403-H ca Nht vi dng in nh mc l 250A; (theo
bng 20.pl)
4.3.4.2 Aptomat bo
v mch in sinh hot (A1):

Dng in lm vic ln nht ca mng in sinh hot
Ics =
Psh
73,162
=
= 115,79 A
cos. 3.U 0,96. 3.0,38
Theo bng20.pl chn aptomat loi EA103-G ca Nht vi dng nh mc l

125A.
4.3.4.3 Aptomat bo
v mch ng lc (A2):
Bo v cho mch ng lc: Mch ng lc gm 11 bm, 2 thang my.
* Xc nh dng nh mc ca cc thang my:

- Vi thang my c cng sut nh
I tm1 =
Ptm 2
3.U.cos tm
7,5
3.0,38.0,65
= 17,531A
- Dng nh mc quy v ch lm vic di hn

51
n cung cp in

Ptm' 2
I'tm1 =
3.U.cos tm
2011
5,809
=13,578A
3.0,38.0,65
- Vi thang my c cng sut ln:

Ptm1
16
=
= 37,40 A
3.U.costm
3.0,38.0,65
I tm2 =
Dng nh mc quy v ch lm vic di hn (vi P= P. = P. 0, 6 )

I 'tm2 =
'
Ptm1
3.U.cos tm
12,394
= 28,97 A
3.0,38.0,65
* Xc nh dng nh mc ca cc my bm:
Ib =
Pb
66,076
=
= 125,49 A
3.U.cos b
3.0,38.0,8
- Dng m my ca ng c ln nht (l bm c cng sut 16 kW):

I mmMax = kmm .In.max = 5.
16
= 151,934 A
3.0,38.0,8
mm
Trong , k
c chn trong khong 47.
- Dng khi ng ca aptomat c xc nh theo biu thc:

Ikd
n 1
I mmMax
I
+ k dt In.dci = mmMax + 2.I'tm 2 + 3.I'tm1 + Ib
1
151,934
=
+ ( 2.28,97 + 3.13,578 + 125, 49) = 300,131 A
2
Trong , = 2 (lm vic ngn hn,bng 12.pl.BT)

- Dng khi ng ct nhanh ca aptomat phi tha mn iu kin:
I kd.cn 1, 25.I mmMax = 1, 25.151,934= 189,918 A
Ta chn aptomat SA403-H c dng nh mc 250A, c:

Ict = 85kA > Ik ( 3) =14,434 kA
52
n cung cp in
2011
4.3.4.4 Aptomat bo
v trm bm (A3):
- V my bm c cng sut 16 kW cng l ng c c cng sut ln nht, nn ta
c:
I kdb
I mm.b
b
+ Ib =
151,934
2,5
+ 125, 49 = 186, 264 A
= 2,5 (lm vic ngn hn, tra bng 5.5);

- Dng khi ng ct nhanh:
I kd.cn 1,25.I mm.b = 1, 25.125, 49 = 156,863 A
Ta chn aptomat SA403-H c dng nh mc 250A c:

Ict = 85 kA >
I k ( 3) =
14,434 kA
4.3.4.5 Aptomat bo
v cho mch 1 thang my d phng (A4):

- Dng nh mc ca thang my:
Ptm.nh
I tm.nh =
3.U.cos tm
7,5
3.0,38.0,65
= 17,531 A
- Dng tnh ton ca thang my(dng lm vic cc i chy trong mch ):

I'tm1 =
'
Ptm1
3.U.cos tm
5,809
=13,578 A
3.0,38.0,65
- Dng m my ca thang my
Imm.tm = k mm .I tm2 = 5.17,531 = 87,655 A

I kd
I mm.tm
tm
+ I tm =
87,655
2,5
+ 17,531 = 52,593 A
- Dng khi ng ct nhanh:

I kd.cn 1, 25.Imm.tm = 1, 25.87,655= 109,569 A
Ta chn aptomat EA103G c dng nh mc 125 A c:

Ict = 25 kA >
I k ( 3) =
14,434 kA
53
n cung cp in
2011
y cng l aptomat cho mch thang my nh (A9)

4.3.4.6 Aptomat bo
v cho mch gm 2 tng (A5):
- Dng lm vic ln nht: I 2tang =
2.Ptang
cos. 3.U
2.8,71
0,96. 3.0,38
=27,57 A
Chn aptomat EA52G c In = 40 A v Ict = 5 kA.

4.3.4.7 Aptomat bo
v cho mch gm 1 tng (A6):
Dng lm vic ln nht: I tang =
Ptang
8,71
cos. 3.U
0,96. 3.0,38
=13,78 A
Chn aptomat EA52G c In = 20 A v Ict = 5 kA.

4.3.4.8 Aptomat bo
v cho mch chiu sng (C7):

* Vi mch chiu sng ngoi ta c:
- Dng lm vic ln nht: Ics.ng =
Png
cos. 3.U
6,84
1. 3.0,38
= 10,392 A
Tra bng 18.pl, cp 2PVC m B2, tit din 4 mm2 c Icp = 28A.
Tra bng 5.4 c kc = 1,1
Vy dng nh mc ca cu chy phi tha mn:
I cp
10,392 <In<
kc
28
= 25, 45 A
1,1
Vy ta chn cu chy P-2 c In = 15A v Idc = 15 A.

4.3.4.9 Aptomat bo
v cho mch thang my ln (A8):

-Dng nh mc ca thang my:
I tm 2 =
Ptm 2
3.U.costm
16
3.0,38.0,65
= 37, 40 A
- Dng tnh ton ca thang my(dng lm vic cc i chy trong mch):

I'tm2 =
'
Ptm1
3.U.costm
12,394
= 28,97 A
3.0,38.0,65
- Dng m my ca thang my:

54
n cung cp in
2011
I mm.tm2 = k mm .I tm2 = 5.37,40 = 187 A

I kd
I mm.tm 2
tm
+ Itm 2 =
187
2,5
+ 37, 40 = 112, 2 A
- Dng khi ng ct nhanh

I kd.cn 1,25.I mm.tml = 1,25.187 = 233,75 A
Ta chn aptomat SA403-H c dng nh mc 250Ac: Ict = 85 kA > Ik ( ) = 14,434

kA
3
4.3.5 Chn my bin dng

Cn c vo gi tr dng in chy trn on dy tng I = 223,71 A,ta chn
my bin dng loi TKM-0,5 (bng 27.pl) [1] c in p nh mc l 500V dng
nh mc pha s cp l 400 A,h s bin dng Ki = 400/5 = 80,cp chnh xc
10%, cng sut nh mc pha nh th l 5VA.Kim tra ch lm vic ca cng
t khi ph ti cc tiu. Cng t lm vic bnh thng nu dng nh th khi ph ti
cc tiu ln hn dng sai s 10% (I10% = 0,1.5 = 0,5A).
- Dng in khi ph ti nh nht:
Imin = 0,25. I = 0,25.223,71 = 55,928 A
- Dng in nh th khi ph ti cc tiu:
I1min = Imin/Ki = 55,928/80 = 0,70 A > 0,5 A
Vy my bin dng lm vic bnh thng khi ph ti cc tiu.
4.4 Kim tra ch khi ng ca cc ng c

4.4.1 Kim tra nh hng ca ch lm vic ca thang my i vi cht lng
in
- lch in p khi khi ng ng c:
U kd =
Z BA + Z d
.100
Z BA + Z d + Z dc
55
n cung cp in
2011
2
C
BA
Hnh 4.3.S tnh ton ch khi ng ca thang my

- Theo kt qu tnh ngn mch ta c
XB = 0,0275 ; RB = 0,0164 ; ZB = 0,032
Xd1 = 0,0006 ; Rd1 = 0,004 ; Zd1 = 0,004
Xd2 = 0,002736 ; Rd2 = 0,01824 ; Zd2 = 0,0184
- Vi dy n ng c thang my, ta c:
R 'd 2 = r02 .l'2 = 2.0,04 = 0,08
X 'd 2 = x 02 .l'2 = 0,08.0,04 = 0,0032
- Tng tr ca ng c lc m my:
Zdc = X dc =
Un
=
3.I t.m .K mm
380
= 1,1732
3.37,40.5
ZB +Z d = (0,0164 + 0,004 + 0,01824) 2+ (0,0275 + 0,0006 + 0, 00 2736)2

= 0,081
ZB + Zd + Zdc = 0,081 + 1,1732 = 1,2542

U kd =
Z B + Zd
0,081
.100 =
.100 = 6, 46% < 40%
ZB + Zd + Zdc
1, 2542
Vy ch khi ng l n nh.
4.4.2 Kim tra nh hng ca ch lm vic ca my bm i vi cht lng
in
- Vi dy n ng c my bm ta c:
R 'd3 = r03 .l'3 = 0, 4.0,04 = 0,016
56
n cung cp in
2011
X 'd 2 = x 02 .l'2 = 0,06.0,04 = 0,0024
- Tng tr ca ng c lc m my:
Zdc = X dc =
Un
380
=
= 0,35
3.I b .K mm
3.125, 49.5
ZB +Z d = (0,0164 + 0,004 + 0,01824) 2+ (0,0275 + 0,0006 + 0, 00 2736)2

= 0,081
ZB + Zd + Zdc = 0,081 + 0,35 = 0,431

U kd =
Z B + Zd
0,081
.100 =
.100 = 18,794% < 40%
ZB + Zd + Zdc
0, 431
Vy ch khi ng l n nh.
Nhn xt: Vic la chn cc thit b bo v l cc k quan trng m
bo an ton trong cung cp in trnh nhng thit hi khi c s c xy ra.
57
n cung cp in
2011
5 CHNG 5
TNH TON CH MNG IN
5.1 Tn tht in p
Tn tht in p c xc nh theo cng thc sau
U% =
P .r0 + Q .x 0
.l .100
U2
Ly kt qu tnh ton chng III khi tnh ton chn tit din dy dn, ta c bng
tng kt sau:
Phn loi
TBA n t phn phi tng
T phn phi tng ti cc
tng
Thang my ln
Thang my nh
Trm bm
Chiu sng trong
Chiu sng ngoi nhnh OA
Chiu sng ngoi nhnh AB
Chiu sng ngoi nhnh AC
Q(kVAr
)
126,63
75,14
R0
X0
L(m)
U%
0,4
0,06
20
0,764
34,52
10,01
0,4
0,06
45,6
0,455
12,394
5,809
66,076
3,452
6,84
3,54
3,3
14,501
6,797
49,557
2
3,33
0,4
2
5
0,8
0,8
0,08
0,09
0,06
0,08
0,09
0,07
0,07
40
40
40
182,4
30
118
110
0,719
0,553
0,815
1,813
2,252
0,226
0,196
P(kW)
Bng 5.1: Tn tht in p trn cc ng dy

5.2 Tn tht cng sut
Tn tht cng sut c tnh theo cng thc sau:
+ Tn tht cng sut tc dng
P =
P 2 + Q2
.r0 .l
U2
+ Tn tht cng sut phn khng

Q =
P2 + Q2
.x 0.l
U2
- Tn tht cng sut trn on dy tnh t trm bin p n t phn phi tng
58
n cung cp in
P =
P2 + Q2
126,632 + 75,14 2
.r
.l
=
.0,4.20.10 -6 = 1,201 kW
0
U2
0,382
Q =
P 2 +Q 2
126,632 +75,14 2
.x
.l
=
.0,06.20.10
0
U2
0,38 2
2011
= 0,180 kVAr
Tnh ton tng t cho cc on cn li ta c bng sau:

P(kW)
Trm bin p
n t phn 126,63
phi tng
T phn phi
tng ti cc
34,52
tng
Thang my
12,394
ln
Thang my
5,809
nh
Trm bm
66,076
Chiu sng
3,452
trong
Chiu sng
ngoi nhnh
6,84
OA
Chiu sng
ngoi nhnh
3,54
AB
Chiu sng
ngoi nhnh
3,3
AC
262,56
Tng
1
Q(kVA
r)
Ro
Xo
75,14
0,4
0,06
20
1,201
0,1802
10,01
0,4
0,06
45,6
0,163
0,0245
14,501
0,08
40
0,202
0,0081
6,797
3,33
0,09
40
0,074
0,0020
49,557
0,4
0,06
40
0,756
0,1134
0,08
182,4
0,030
0,0012
0,09
30
0,049
0,0009
0,8
0,07
118
0,008
0,0007
0,8
0,07
110
0,007
0,0006
2,489
0,3315
L(m) P(kW)
Q(k
W)
Bng 5.2: Tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy

5.3 Tn tht in nng
- Tn tht in nng ca mng in l:
59
n cung cp in
2011
A = Ad + ABA
Trong :
- Tn tht in nng ca ng dy l:
A d = P . = 2,489.2669,2 = 6643,639 kWh
- Tn tht in nng ca trm bin p l:

A BA = 92930,73 kWh
Vy, tn tht in nng ca mng in l:

A = 6643, 639 + 92930, 73 =99574,369 kWh
- in nng tiu th trong nm l:

A = P .TMax = 262,561.4280 = 1123761 kWh
- T l tn tht in nng:
A% =
A
99574,369
.100 =
.100 = 8,86%
A
1123761
Nhn xt: Tn tht in p l mt iu khng th b qua khi thit k cung

cp in v n c nh hng trc tip ti cht lng v tn tht ca in nng.
Tn tht cng nh th phng n kt hp vi chi ph hp l th d n cng tr nn
kh thi. V vy vic tnh ton phi a ra c nhng phng n c tn tht in
nng nm trong mt gii hn cho php.
60
n cung cp in
2011
CHNG 6
THIT K MNG IN CA MT CN H
Cng t
6.1 S b tr thit b gia dng
in ca chung c,phng n b tr in nh
Thit k cho mt tng in hnh
sau:
- t mt cu dao tng vo cn h.
Aptomat tng
Chng st
- Mi phng ng t mt bng in cung cp in cho n,qut,i,tivi.

u ni t
dy 10 mm2
- Ti bp t mt bng in dung un nu,cp in cho n nh bp, nh WC.

S mt bng in hnh cho tng nh sau:
cm
PE
Aptomat
nhnh
iu ha
Ra bt
cm
Aptomat
chng dng
r
My git
Qut
Chiu sng
Nc nng
T lnh
iu ha
Thit b truyn
thng
Hnh 6.1.S mng in cn h
61
n cung cp in
2011
S mng in cn h c th hin trn hnh v. Mt aptomat tng hai

cc c lp t ti bng in u vo, cng t in c th lp t
phn phi tng hoc bng in cn h. Cc mch in cho
chiu sng, cm, bp in v nh tm c thit k c lp vi
nhau. Mi mch in c bo v bi aptomat nhnh v aptomat
chng dng r (RCD Residual Current Device).
6.2 Chn thit b ca mng in cn h
Dy dn ca mng in trong nh c s dng l dy cp hoc dy cch
in. Tit din dy dn c la chn theo dng in cho php:
IM Icp;
Trong :
62
n cung cp in
2011
IM gi tr dng in lm vic cc i chy trn dy dn, c xc nh theo biu

thc:
n tbi
IM = kt Ilv.i
i =1
Trong :
Ilv.i dng in lm vic ca thit b th i;
kt h s ng thi, ph thuc vo cng sut v s lng thit b in
c cung cp;
ntbi s lng thit b c cung cp bi on dy xt.
Icp gi tr dng in cho php cc i ca dy dn chn.
Gi tr dng ph ti cho php ca dy dn c xc nh theo biu thc:
Icp = khc. Icp.n
Trong :
Icp - dng in cho php ng vi tng loi dy dn, ph thuc vo nhit t
nng cho php ca chng;
Icp.n dng in cho php lu di ca dy dn trong iu kin bnh thng;
khc h s hiu chnh theo iu kin thc t:
khc = k1k2.k3
k1 h s ph thuc vo phng thc lp t dy dn (xem bng 15.pl)
k2 h s ph thuc vo s lng dy cp t chung trong ho cp (bng
16.pl).
k3 - h s hiu chnh, ph thuc vo nhit trung bnh thc t ti ni lp
t, c th xc nh theo bng 17.pl.
Gi tr dng in lm vic c xc nh ph thuc vo loi mng in nh sau:
Mng in mt pha
Ilv =
S
U ph
Mng in 2 pha mc theo

In p pha
,A
Ilv =
S
2.U ph
,A
Mng in 3 pha
Ilv =
S
3.U n
,A
63
n cung cp in
2011
S cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy, kVA;

Un, Uph in p dy v in p pha, kV.
Cp sau khi chn c kim tra:
* Theo iu kin hao tn in p: Hao tn in p thc t trn ng dy khng
c vt qu gi tr cho php:
U =
P.r0 + Q.x 0
l UcP ;
Un
P, Q - cng sut tc dng v phn khng chy trn on cp, kW v

kVAr;
r0 , x0 - sut in tr tc dng v phn khng ca on cp, /km;
l - chiu di on cp, km;
Un in p nh mc ca ng dy, kV;
Ucp hao tn in p cho php trn on cp, gi tr hao tn in p cho
php trong mng h p t thanh ci trm bin p phn phi n u vo thit b l
Ucp=5% i vi ph ti chiu sng v Ucp=7,5% i vi cc ph ti khc.
* Kim tra ch n nh nhit: m bo ch n nh nhit khi c dng
ngn mch chy qua tit din ca cp phi ln hn gi tr ti thiu xc nh theo
biu thc:
Fmin =
Ik t k
;
Ct
Trong :
Ik gi tr dng in ngn mch ba pha chy qua thit b, A;
tk thi gian tn ti ca dng ngn mch, s;
Ct h s c trng ca dy cch in, ph thuc vo vt liu dn in cho
trong 25.pl. Trong trng hp thiu thng tin c th ly gi tr trung bnh theo
bng di y:
Bng gi tr h s Ct
Cch in
Dy ng
PVC
(Polychlorure 115
Dy nhm
76
64
n cung cp in
vinyle)
PR
(Polyethylene
143
reticul)
2011
94
Thit k cung cp in cho mt cn h gm c 1 phng bp, 1 phng

khch, 2 phng ng. Ta c bng chn dy dn v thit b bo v s b nh sau:
STT Tn thit b
1
2
S
lng
Cng tc cho bnh nng

2
lnh
cm cho thit b truyn
2
thng
Cng
sut d
kin
2x600
W
2x400
W
cm 3 cc cho iu ha 2
cm
11
5
6
7
n lp bn cu m
n hunh quang(1,2m)
n trang tr gn tng
7
4
4
7x75W
4x40W
4x60W
Qut thng gi
40W
cm cho my git
600W
Dy
dn
Thit b bo v
Loi
K hiu
1,5m
m2
2,5m
m2
Aptom
at
Aptom
at
Aptom
at
Cu
chy
EA52G20A
EA52G30A
EA52G16A
1,5m
m2
Cu
chy
1,5m
m2
2,5m
m2
Cu
chy
Aptom
at
2,5m
m2
6mm2
K-10
K-16
K-16
EA52G20A
Bng 6.1: Dy dn v cc thit b bo v s b

Nhn xt: Khi tnh ton cung cp in cho mt cn h c th ta phi b tr
cc thit b mt cch hp l nht m bo c an ton, n nh, v kinh t.
65
n cung cp in
2011
7 CHNG 7
TNH TON NI T
* Cch thc hin h thng trang b ni t
ll
- Trang b ni t bao gm cc in cc ni t v dy ni t. Cc in
cc ni t bao gm cc in cc thng ng c ng su vo trong t v cc
in cc nm ngang c chn trong t mt su nht nh.
Hnh 7.1. S b tr cc cc tip a

- Dy ni t dng ni lin cc b phn c ni t vi cc in cc
ni
t.
Khi thc hin ni t, trc ht li dng cc vt ni t t nhin sn c nh cc
ng ng dn nc hay cc ng bng kim loi khc t trong t (tr cc ng
dn nhin liu lng, kh d chy), cc kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh nh ca c
ni t, cc v bc kim loi ca cp t trong t (tr v cp ch, v cp thp t
dng). in tr ca cc ni t t nhin c xc nh bng cch o thc t hay
tnh gn ng theo cc cng thc kinh nghim.
- Nu ni t t nhin khng m bo c tr s in tr R theo yu cu
th phi dng ni t nhn to.Ni t nhn to c thc hin bng cc cc thp
trn, thp ng, thanh thp dt hay thp gc di 2 3m, ng su xung t, u
trn ca chng cch mt t 0,5 0,8 m trnh thay i ca R theo thi tit.
Cc cc thp c hn ni vi nhau bng cc thanh thp t nm ngang v cng
c chn su cch mt t 0,5 0,8m.
66
n cung cp in
2011
- V trm bin p ca ta dng cho chung c l 2x100 kVA, in tr ni t

cho php l Ryc = 4, in tr sut ca vng t trong iu kin m trung
bnh(kcoc = 1,5)l 0 =75 m.(vi thanh ni ngang k ng = 2 )
- Do khng c h thng tip a t nhin nn in tr ca h thng tip a
nhn to l Rn.t = Ryc = 4.
- Chn cc tip a bng thp trn di l= 2m, ng knh d= 0,08 m. Cc
c ng su cch mt t h = 0,8 m.
- Chiu su trung bnh ca cc : htb = h +
l
2
= 0,8 + = 1,8m
2
2
h = 0,8 m
l=2m
Hnh 7.2.S t cc
- in tr tip xc ca cc tip a:
R dc =
k hc .0
2l 1 4l + 7h tb
1,5.80
2.2 1 4.2 + 7.1,8
.(ln + ln
)=
.(ln
+ ln
) = 33,31
2..l
d 2 l + 7h tb
2.3,14.2
0,08 2
2 + 7.1,8
- S lng cc c chn s b l:
n=
R dc 33,31
=
= 8,33
R n.t
4
67
n cung cp in
2011
chn n = 10. S cc ny c ng xung quanh trm bin p theo kch thc

nh sau: Lng = 2.(5 + 6) = 22 m.
- Khong cch trung bnh gia cc cc l: la = Lng/n = 22/10 =2,2 m
t l la/l = 2,2/2 = 1,1
Tra ng cong ng vi t l 1,1 v s lng cc l n=10 ta xc nh c h s
li dng ca cc cc tip a l coc = 0,58 v ca thanh ni l ng = 0,34 (bng5.pl
v bng 7.pl-Sch bo h lao ng v k thut an ton in-TS. Trn Quang
Khnh).
- Cc in cc c ni vi nhau bi thanh ngang dt rng b = 0,04m, dy 0,01m.
in trni tca thanh ni ngang:
R ng =
k ng .0
.L ng
.ln
1,5L ng
b.h
2.75
.ln
3,14.22
1,5.22
= 11,33
0,04.0,8
in tr ca cc in cc thng c xt n h s s dng l:
R dc =
R dc
33,31
=
= 5,74
dc .n
0,58.10
in tr thc t ca thanh ni c xt n h s li dng ng l:

R 'ng =
R ng
ng
11,33
= 33,32
0,34
in tr cn thit ca h thng tip a nhn to c tnh n in tr ca thanh ni

ngang l:
R d =
R 'ng .R dc
R ng + R dc
33,32.5,74
= 4,896
33,32 + 5,74
S lng cc chnh thc l

n c.t =
R dc
33,31
=
= 11,73
coc .R d 0,58.4,896
Vy ta chn nct = 12 cc.
68
n cung cp in
2011
6m
5m
1,67 m
2m
Hnh 7.3. S ni t ta nh
Kim tra n nh nhit ca h thng tip a
(3)
Fmin = I k1
tk
0,5
= 14,434.10 3.
= 137,924 mm 2 < Stn = 50.3= 150mm 2
C
74
Vi C: l h s ph thuc vo vt liu lm thanh ni (vi thanh thp C = 74- Sch

bo h lao ng v k thut an ton in)
Vy h thng tip a tha mn iu kin v n nh nhit.
Nhn xt: nh gi tnh kh thi ca mt d n th vn an ton lun l
mt trong nhng vn quan trng nht. i vi vi cc thit b in th tnh ton
ni t l phng php c s dng rng ri v n n gin m t hiu qu an
ton cao.
69
n cung cp in
2011
8 CHNG 8
HCH TON KINH T
Cc thit b chnh xt n trong hch ton cng trnh c lit k trong bng di
y, trong , n gi c tnh ti thi im nm 2008.
TT Tn thit b
1
2
3
Trm bin
p
Cu chy
cao p
Chng st
van
Dao cch ly
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
V t in
Cp cao p
Cp h p
Cp h p
Cp h p
Cp h p
Cp h p
Cp h p
Cp h p
Cp h p
Cu dao
Aptomat
tng
Aptomat
sinh hot
Aptomat
tng
Aptomat 2
tng
Aptomat
ng lc
16
17
18
19
20
Quy cch
n v
S lng
n gi,
106
V.106
TM.100/1
0
ci
50
100
2,5
2,5
RA10
RB10/400
1,6
1,6
A-16
XLPE-6
XLPE-10
XLPE-16
XLPE-35
XLPE-50
PVC-4
PVC-10
PVC-25
ci
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
b
1
0,087
0,06
0,06
0,02
0,02
0,1056
0,11
0,1824
0,228
1
1
735
245
271
312
460
571
167
285
381
0,85
1
63,945
14,7
16,26
6,24
9,2
60,2976
18,37
51,984
86,868
0,85
SA403-H
ci
6,5
6,5
EA103G
ci
3,5
3,5
EA52G
ci
12
2,4
28,8
EA52G
ci
2,4
14,4
SA603-H
ci
6,5
6,5
70
n cung cp in
Aptomat
my bm
Aptomat
thang my
ln
Aptomat
thang my
nh
Cu chy
chiu sng
Khi ng
t
Bin dng
Ampeke
Vonke
Cng t 3
pha
ng thanh
ci
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31 S thanh ci
32 B dn trm
33 Cc tip a
34 Thanh ni
SA403-H
ci
5,5
5,5
SA403-H
ci
5,5
16,5
EA103G
ci
3,5
10,5
P-2
ci
0,05
0,05
ME-211
ci
16
1,5
24
TKM-0,5
0-200A
0-500V
b
ci
ci
3
4
10
0,1
0,1
0,31
0,3
0,4
3,1
ci
10
0,6
M,50x5
kg
10
0,6
0-10375
ci
0,05
0,45
b
cc
m
1
12
22
3,5
0,1
0,015
3,5
1,2
0,33
573,345
6,5
0,04x0,01
Tng gi thnh cng trnh l V = 573,345 triu ng.

Tng gi thnh c tnh n cng lp t:
V = kld . V =1,1. 573,345 = 630,68 triu ng
Gi thnh mt n v cng sut t:
gd =
2011
V
Sd
573,345
200
.10 = 2,867.10 /kVA

6
Chi ph vn hnh nm:

Cvh = kO&M.V= 0,02. 630,68.106=12,614.106
Tra bng 31.pl ta c kO&M % = 2%

71
n cung cp in
2011
Chi ph tn tht in nng:

Cht = c . A=1000.99574,369 = 99,58.106
Tng chi ph quy i

Z = p.V + C ht + C vh =(0,146.630,68+ 99,58 + 12,614).106 = 204,273.106 /nm
Vi p = a tc + a kh = 0,11 + 0, 036 = 0,146
Tng chi ph trn mt n v in nng:

g=
Z 204, 273.10 6
=
= 181, 776 /kW
A
1123761
72
n cung cp in
2011
9 CHNG 9
PHN TCH KINH T - TI CHNH
- Trc ht ta xc nh sn lng in bn ra nm u:
A b1 = S1.TM = 159, 365.4280 = 682082 kWh
- Lng in nng tn tht:

A1 = A%.Ab1 = 0,0886.682082= 60532,47 kWh
- in nng mua vo:

A m1 = A b1 + A 1 = 682082+ 60532,47742615 kWh
C m1 = A m1.g m = 742615.500 = 371,31.106
- Chi ph mua in:

- Doanh thu:
B1 = A b1 .g b = 682082.860 = 586,591.106
- Chi ph vn hnh hng nm:

Cvh1 = kO&M.V= 0,02. 630,68.106= 12,614.106
- Chiph khu hao nm th nht:
6
6
C kh .1 = k kh .V = 0,036.630,614.10 = 22,702.10
- Tng chi ph khng th khu hao nm th nht:

Cm&vh1 = Cm.1 + Cvh1 = (371,31 + 12,614).106 = 383,924.106
- Dng tin trc thu
T1 = B1- Cm&vh1 = (586,59 - 383,924).106 = 202,666.106
- Li chu thu nm th nht:
6
6
L lt1 = T1 C kh = (202,666 22,702).10 = 179,964.10
- Thu li tc: Tlt1 = L lt .s = 179,964.0,15 = 26,995.106

Trong , ly thu sut s = 15%.
73
n cung cp in
2011
- Tng chi ph ton b:

C 1 = C m1 + C vh1 + C kh1 + Tlt1 = (371,31 + 12,614 + 22,702+ 26,995).10
= 433,621.106
- Dng tin sau thu:
6
T2 = T1 Tlt = 202,66626,995 = 175,671.10
- H s quy i: =
1
(1 + i)
1
1
(1 + 0,1)
= 0, 91
- Gi tr li nhun quy v hin ti:

6
6
1
L ht = T2 . = 175,671.10 .0,91 = 159,861.10
- Tng chi ph quy v hin ti:

6
6
1
C1 . = 433,62.10 .0,91 = 394,595.10
- Tng doanh thu quy v hin ti:

6
6
1
B1 . = 586,59.10 .0,91 = 533,80.10
Tnh ton tng t cho cc nm tip theo, ta c bng tng hp sau:

Bng 9.1: Kt qu phn tch kinh t-ti chnh d n ta nh chung c 12 tng
(n v 106)
N
m
t
1
0
1
2
3
S,
kVA
2
159,3
65
161,6
84
164,1
in nng ,10 kWh

Ab
3
Am
4
682,08 742,51
2
4
692,00 753,31
6
8
702,71 764,97
A
5
60,43
2
61,31
2
62,26
Chi
ph
mua
in
Cm
7
Tng
Doanh
c.p
thu
khng
k Ckh
B
Cm&vh
6
8
630,68
586,59 371,25 383,87
1
7
1
595,12 376,65 389,27
5
9
3
604,33 382,48 395,10
Dng
tin
trc
thu
Tl
9
-630,68
202,720
582,512
591,722
Li tc
chu
thu
Llt
10
180,01
5
559,80
7
569,01
74
n cung cp in
4
5
6
7
86
166,8
83
169,8
01
172,9
72
176,4
31
Tn
g
N
m
Thu
li
tc
Tlt
11
6
714,25
7
726,74
9
740,32
1
755,12
6
5013,2
58
7
777,54
1
791,13
9
805,91
3
822,03
1
5457,4
33
Dng
Tng
tin
chi ph
sau
C
thu
T2
12
13
433,57
8
495,94
8
503,15
9
510,93
0
519,34
0
528,47
8
538,44
7
3529,8
81
630,68
175,71
7
498,54
1
506,37
0
514,80
6
523,93
8
533,85
8
544,68
1
2667,2
32
0
27,00
2
83,97
2
1
85,35
3
3
86,84
4
1
88,45
5
3
90,20
6
4
92,11
7
4
Tn 553,9
g
38
1
1
63,28
3
64,39
0
65,59
2
66,90
4
444,1
75
t
14
6
614,26
1
625,00
4
636,67
6
649,40
9
4311,4
02
C.
Lht
15
16
394,16
1
409,87
5
378,03
1
348,97
2
322,47
0
298,31
2
276,30
8
2428,1
29
630,68
159,74
3
412,01
7
380,44
3
351,62
0
325,32
4
301,34
9
279,50
8
1579,3
24
1
0,9
1
0,8
3
0,7
5
0,6
8
0,6
2
0,5
6
0,5
1
8
388,77
0
395,56
9
402,95
6
411,01
5
2728,7
16
2011
2
8
401,38
578,94
601,648
4
3
408,18
589,68
612,391
3
6
415,57
601,35
624,062
0
8
423,62
614,09
636,795
9
1
3447,6 3221,16 3692,9
91
9
18
Dng tin sau thu
ng vi h s chit
t
B.
khu
17
533,26
4
491,83
9
454,04
7
419,54
9
388,07
8
359,38
7
333,24
9
2979,4
13
i=0,55
i=0,6
18
19
-630,68
-630,68
113,366
109,823
207,509
194,742
135,979
123,625
89,190
78,553
58,563
49,967
38,498
31,820
25,341
20,291
37,766
-21,858
T bng trn ta c: NPV = 1579,324.106

75
n cung cp in
R=
2011
B 2979, 413
=
= 1, 227
C 2428,129
Khi i1= 0,55 th NPV1 = 37,766.106

Khi i2 = 0,6 th NPV2 = -21,858.106
Do vy:
( 2 1)
IRR = i + i i .
1
NPV
NPV + NPV
1
= 55 + (60 55).
37,766
= 58,17%
37,766 + 21,858
+ Khi tn = 5 th NPV = -26,073.106

+ Khi tn = 6 th NPV= 12,425.106
Vy, thi gian hon vn s l:
T = 5+
(26,073)
= 5,677 nm
12, 425 + 26,073
NPV
IRR
B/C
T (nm)
1579,324.106
58,17%
1,227
5,677
Bng 9.2: Bng cc ch tiu kinh t ti chnh c bn ca cng trnh in

Kt lun: Tt c cc ch tiu k thut ca mng in u m bo yu cu
thit k. D n c mc ch ch yu l phc v cho nhu cu sinh hot ca nhn
dn. Bn cnh c th nhn thy l d n mang li hiu qu kinh t vi tng vn
u t l 630,68 triu ng cho cc thit b chnh, v s c thu hi vn trong
khong thi gian 5,677 nm. Cc ch tiu kinh t ti chnh c bn c biu th
trong bng trn cho thy d n hon ton c th chp nhn c.
76
n cung cp in
2011
10 II - BN V
(Cc bn v A4 km theo)
1. S mt bng chung c vi cc v tr t phn phi.
2. S mng in bn ngoi.
3. S nguyn l mng in cung cp cho ta nh chung c.
4. S trm bin p
- S nguyn l trm bin p.
- S mt bng v mt ct trm bin p.
- S ni t.
5. S mng in ca mt cn h.
77
n cung cp in
11
2011
KT LUN
n mn hc Cung cp in gip em phn no hiu thm v vic thit

k h thng cung cp in cho mt khu vc, c th trong n ny l mt chung
c cao tng. Bn cnh , sau khi hon thnh n, em tch gp thm cho bn
thn rt nhiu kin thc b ch cho cng vic trong tng lai. n mn hc
Cung cp in cng gip em hnh dung c cch lm, cch thc hin v trnh
by cho n tt nghip ca em sau ny.
Sau mt thi gian bt tay vo lm n, thc s em gp rt nhiu kh
khn, nh kh nng tnh ton trn excel cha thnh tho, thao tc cn vp phi
nhiu sai st, khin tin hon thnh n ko di. Ngoi vic trao i vi bn
b, em cng nhn c s gip nhit tnh ca thy Trn Quang Khnh,
thy gip em gii p cc thc mc trn lp cng nh qua Email. Nh vy
m hin nay em c th lm vic thnh tho v thao tc nhanh hn khi tnh ton
trn my tnh. Qua n ny em rt mun gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy
Trn Quang Khnh to iu kin cho chng em c c hi t hon thin k
nng ca bn thn, trang b cho chng em nhng kin thc b ch cho cng vic
trong tng lai. Do trnh v kinh nghim cn nhiu hn ch, nn chc chn
n ca em gp rt nhiu sai st. Em rt mong c s gp kin ca cc thy c
v cc bn n ca em c hon thin hn.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n thy Trn Quang Khnh cng
ton th cc thy c gio trong khoa H thng in v cc bn cng kha.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
78
n cung cp in
2011
12 Ti liu tham kho

1. TS. Trn Quang Khnh, Gio trnh cung cp in theo tiu chun IEC, Nxb
KH&KT H Ni, 2006.
2. TS. Trn Quang Khnh, Bi tp cung cp in, Nxb KH&KT H Ni 2006.
3. TS. Trn Quang Khnh, Bo h lao ng v k thut an ton in, Nxb
KH&KT H Ni, 2006
4. PSG.TS Phm Vn Ha, Ngn mch v t dy trong H thng in, Nxb
KH&KT, 2011.
5. PSG.TS Phm Vn Ha, Ths Phm Ngc Hng, Thit k phn in trong nh
my in v Trm bin p, Nxb KH&KT, 2006.
6. TS. Nguyn Vn m, Mng li in, Nxb KH&KT H Ni, 2001.
79
n cung cp in
2011
MC LC
LI NI U.........................................................................................................................................3
1 I - THUYT MINH................................................................................................................................7
CHNG 1.............................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Xc nh ph ti sinh hot ca ta nh chung c.............................................................................7
1.2 Xc nh ph ti chiu sng...........................................................................................................10
1.3 Xc nh ph ti ng lc..............................................................................................................11
1.3.1 Xt vi thang my....................................................................................11
1.3.2 Xt vi trm bm.....................................................................................12
1.4 Tng hp ph ti...........................................................................................................................15
2 CHNG 2.........................................................................................................................................16
2.1 La chn v tr t trm bin p.....................................................................................................18
2.2 La chn phng n......................................................................................................................18
2.2.1 Phng n 1.............................................................................................18
2.2.2 Phng n 2.............................................................................................20
3 CHNG 3.........................................................................................................................................23
3.1 Chn s lng v cng sut my bin p......................................................................................23
3.1.1 Phng n 1: Dng 2 my bin p 2 x 100 kVA........................................24
3.1.2 Phng n 2: Dng 1 my bin p 160 kVA..............................................26
3.2 Chn tit din dy dn...................................................................................................................27
3.2.1 Chn dy dn t li n TBA..................................................................27
3.2.2 Chn dy dn t TBA n t phn phi....................................................28
3.2.3 Chn dy dn n t phn phi cc tng.................................................31
3.2.3.1 Phng n 1: Hai trc ng cung cp in cho cc cn h qua tng.. 31
3.2.3.2 Phng n 2:......................................................................................34
3.2.3.3 So snh 2 phng n..........................................................................36
3.2.4 Chn dy dn cho mch in thang my..................................................38
3.2.4.1 Thang my c cng sut ln (P = 16 kW)...........................................38
80
n cung cp in
2011
3.2.4.2 Thang my c cng sut nh (P = 7,5 kW).........................................39

3.2.5 Chn dy dn cho mch in trm bm...................................................40
3.2.5.1 Chn dy dn t t phn phi n t phn phi trm bm.................40
3.2.5.2 Chn dy dn tt phn phi trm bm m bm sinh hot..............41
3.2.6 Chn dy dn cho mng in chiu sng.................................................42
3.2.6.1 Chiu sng trong nh.........................................................................42
3.2.6.2 Chiu sng ngoi................................................................................43
4 CHNG 4.........................................................................................................................................46
4.1 Tnh ton ngn mch.....................................................................................................................46
4.2 Chn thit b ca trm bin p.......................................................................................................48
4.2.1 Cu chy cao p.......................................................................................48
4.2.2 Dao cch li............................................................................................... 48
4.2.3 Chng st.................................................................................................49
4.3 Chn thit b cc t phn phi.......................................................................................................49
4.3.1 Chn thanh ci.........................................................................................49
4.3.2 Chn s cch in....................................................................................50
4.3.3 Chn cp in lc.....................................................................................50
4.3.4 Chn aptomat v cu chy.......................................................................50
4.3.4.1 Aptomat bo v l tng (A0):.............................................................51
4.3.4.2 Aptomat bo v mch in sinh hot (A1):.........................................51
4.3.4.3 Aptomat bo v mch ng lc (A2):.................................................51
4.3.4.4 Aptomat bo v trm bm (A3):.........................................................53
4.3.4.5 Aptomat bo v cho mch 1 thang my d phng (A4):.....................53
4.3.4.6 Aptomat bo v cho mch gm 2 tng (A5):......................................54
4.3.4.7 Aptomat bo v cho mch gm 1 tng (A6):......................................54
4.3.4.8 Aptomat bo v cho mch chiu sng (C7):.......................................54
4.3.4.9 Aptomat bo v cho mch thang my ln (A8):..................................54
4.3.5 Chn my bin dng................................................................................55
4.4 Kim tra ch khi ng ca cc ng c..................................................................................55
4.4.1 Kim tra nh hng ca ch lm vic ca thang my i vi cht lng
in................................................................................................................... 55
4.4.2 Kim tra nh hng ca ch lm vic ca my bm i vi cht lng
in................................................................................................................... 56
81
n cung cp in
2011
5 CHNG 5.........................................................................................................................................58
5.1 Tn tht in p.............................................................................................................................58
5.2 Tn tht cng sut.........................................................................................................................58
5.3 Tn tht in nng.........................................................................................................................59
6 CHNG 6.........................................................................................................................................61
6.1 S b tr thit b gia dng.........................................................................................................61
6.2 Chn thit b ca mng in cn h...............................................................................................62
7 CHNG 7.........................................................................................................................................66
8 CHNG 8.........................................................................................................................................70
9 CHNG 9.........................................................................................................................................73
10 II - BN V.......................................................................................................................................77
11 KT LUN........................................................................................................................................78
12 Ti liu tham kho..............................................................................................................................79
82

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LI NI U

GVHD: TS. Trn Quang Khnh

Thi gian mt in trung bnh trong nm l tf = 24 h; Sut thit hi do mt in l:

SVTH: Nguyn S Tng 3-H3

GVHD: TS. Trn Quang Khnh

GVHD: TS. Trn Quang Khnh

5. Tnh ton ch mng in

SVTH: Nguyn S Tng 3-H3

GVHD: TS. Trn Quang Khnh

Tng s h trn 1 tng l: nh.t=2+4+2=8 (h)

Tng s cn h trong chung c l: Nh=N.nh.t=12.8=96 (h)

ng vi ni thnh thnh ph rt ln, sut tiu th trung bnh ca h gia nh

Bng 1.1: Sut tng ph ti hng nm

GVHD: TS. Trn Quang Khnh

Ph ti sinh hot trong chung c c xc nh theo biu thc:

Psh = kcc .k dt .P0 ni k hi = kcc.kdt.P0.(n1.kh1 + n2.kh2 + n3.kh3)

Fi- din tch cn h loi i, m2;

Din tch tiu chun: Ftc = 70 m2

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Da vo bng 1.pl th s h l 96 h khng c trong bng s liu trn.T y ta

= 1 + ( 100 70) .0, 01 =1, 3

= 1 + ( 120 70) .0, 01 =1,5

Vy, cng sut tc dng ca ph ti sinh hot trong chung c c xc

Cng sut phn khng ca ph ti sinh hot l:

Tnh ton ring cho mi tng:

S h trn 1 tng l: N1= 4+2+2=8 h kt=0,502.

SVTH: Nguyn S Tng 3-H3

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1.2 Xc nh ph ti chiu sng

Chiu sng trong chung c:

l l tng chiu di chiu sng ngoi tri :

Cng sut cn cho chiu sng l:

Tng hp ph ti sinh hot v ph ti chiu sng

SVTH: Nguyn S Tng 3-H3

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Trong : Pdl l cng sut tnh ton ca ph ti ng lc, kW.

l h s nhu cu ca ph ti ng lc, thng ly bng 0,9.

P l cng sut tnh ton ca cc thang my.

Trong : n l s lng thang my.

nc tm l h s nhu cu ca thang my xc nh theo bng 2.pl.

Do thang my lm vic theo ch ngn hn lp li, nn cng sut ca chng

Trong : Pdm.tmcng sut nh mc ca ng c thang my, kW;

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Theo bng 2.pl v h s nhu cu thang my th trong thit k ny c 12 tng

Theo Bng 9.pl : cos tm = 0, 65 ; tg tm = 1,17

Cng sut tnh ton ca trm bm:

Trong : knc l h s nhu cu ca thit b v sinh-k thut (bm)

S lng Cng sut (kW) Tng

Bng 1.2: Bng s liu k thut bm

SVTH: Nguyn S Tng 3-H3

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Trong thit k ny th tng s my bm l 11 my v chia lm 4 nhm nh

Nhm 1: Nhm cp nc sinh hot:

Tng s my bm trong nhm 1 l: nb1=2 + 4 =6 my

= 0,783.54,4 = 42,595 (kW)

Nhm 2:Nhm thot nc:

Tng s my bm trong nhm 2 l: nb2 =2 my

Nhm 3: Nhm b bi:

Tng s my bm s dng trong nhm 3 l: nb3 = 2 my

Nhm 4: Nhm cu ha:

Tng s my bm s dng trong nhm 4 l: nb4 = 1 my

Tng hp kt qu tnh ton ta c:

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Bng 1.3: Tng hp cng sut h thng bm