CHNG 3: CC LOI PH GIA TRONG C PH HA TAN

1. Acesulfame kali. - TNS : 950, ADI : 0- 15, ML : GMP. - ng dng : cht ngt tng hp, iu v. Acesulfame kali

Cc tn khc Cng thc phn t Phn t gam Xut hin Mt Nhit nng chy ha tan trong nc

Acesulfame K Ace K C4H4KNO4S 201,242 trng tinh bt 1,81 g / cm3 225C, 498 K, 437F 270 g / L 20C

- Acesulfame kali l mt calorie - Vit cht ngt nhn to, cng gi l Acesulfame K hoc Ace K (K l biu tng cho kali), v th trng di tn thng mi ng sunett v Sweet One. Trong Lin minh chu u, n c gi theo s E (ph code) E950. N c pht hin tnh c vo nm 1967 bi nh ha hc ngi c Karl Clauss ti Hoechst AG (nay Nutrinova). Trong cu trc ha hc, kali acesulfame l mui kali ca 6-methyl-1, 2,3 - oxathiazine-4 (3 H) - mt trong 2,2-dioxide. N l mt dng bt tinh th mu trng vi cng thc phn t H4C4KNO4S v trng lng ca mt phn t 201,24.

- Thuc tnh: Acesulfame K l 180-200 ln ngt ngo hn ng sucrose (bng ng), ngt nh aspartam, khong mt na l ngt nh saccharin, v mt phn t ngt nh sucralose. Ging nh saccharin, n c mt d v hi ng, c bit l nng cao Kraft Foods. cp bng sng ch vic s dng natri ferulate mt n acesulfame ca d v. Acesulfame K thng c trn ln vi cht ngt khc. (Thng sucralose hoc aspartam). Nhng pha trn c uy tn cung cp cho mt ng khc nh hng v, theo mi mt n cht ngt ca d v khc, v / hoc mt cuc trin lm c hiu lc bi l s pha trn ngt ngo hn so vi cc thnh phn ca n. Khng ging nh aspartam, acesulfame K l n nh theo nhit , thm ch di va chua hoc c bn iu kin, cho php n c s dng trong nng bnh, hoc trong cc sn phm i hi phi c tui th di.Trong cc nc c ga, n gn nh l lun lun s dng kt hp vi mt cht ngt, nh aspartam hoc sucralose. N cng c s dng nh mt cht ngt trong cc sn phm dc phm, c bit l cht lng nhai v thuc men, ni n c th lm cho cc thnh phn hot ng thm ngon ming.

2. Axt phtphoric. c tnh: INS: 338, MTDI: 70, ML: 440. ng dng:iu chnh acid , bo qun, chng oxi ha , to phc kim loi, chng ng vn , n nh mu, nh ha, iu v, lm rn chc , x l bt, lm m , lm dy. Axt phtphoric

Cc tn khc Cng thc phn t Phn t gam Xut hin Mt

Orthophosphoric axt H3PO4 98,00 g / mol rn mu trng hoc khng mu, nht lng (> 42C) 1,885 g / ml (cht lng) 1,685 g / ml (85% gii php) 2,030 g / ml (pha l 25C) 42,35 C (khan) 29,32 (hemihydrate) 548 g/100 ml 2,12, 7,21, 12,67 2,4-9,4 cP (85% aq. Soln.) 147 cP (100%)

Nhit nng chy ha tan trong nc chua (p K mt) nht

Phosphoric acid, cn gi l axit orthophosphoric hoc (V), acid l mt cht khong (v c) axit c cng thc ha hc H3PO4. Orthophosphoric phn t axt c

th kt hp vi chnh mnh to thnh mt lot cc hp cht cng c gi l axit photphoric, nhng theo mt cch tng qut. Thut ng phosphoric axit cng c th tham kho mt ha cht hay tinh khit gm axit photphoric, thng orthophosphoric acid. Orthophosphoric axit ha hc. Pure axit photphoric khan l mt cht rn mu trng m tan ra 42,35C to thnh mt cht lng, khng mu nht. Hu ht mi ngi v ngay c cc nh ha hc tham kho orthophosphoric axit nh axit photphoric, l tn IUPAC ca hp cht ny. Cc ortho tin t c s dng phn bit cc axit t axit photphoric khc, gi l axit polyphosphoric. Orthophosphoric acid l khng c hi, v c, thay v yu triprotic axit, trong , khi tinh khit, l mt cht rn ti phng nhit v p sut. Cc cu trc ha hc ca axit orthophosphoric c hin th trn trong bng d liu. Orthophosphoric acid l mt phn t rt cc, do vy n rt ha tan trong nc.

3. Erythorbic axt. - INS: 315, ADI: CXD , ML: GMP. - ng dng: chng oxy ha. Erythorbic axt

Isoascorbic axit, E315 Tit Cng thc phn t C6H8O6 Phn t gam 176,13 g / mol Mt 0,704 g / cm3 Nhit nng chy 164-172C (phn hy) chua (p K mt) 2,1 - Erythorbic axit, trc y c gi l axit isoascorbic v D-axit araboascorbic, l mt stereoisomer ca axt ascorbic (vitamin C). y l mt loi rau - ngun gc ph gia thc phm sn xut t sucrose. N c k hiu l E315, v c s dng rng ri nh mt cht chng oxy ho trong thc phm ch bin. - Th nghim lm sng c tin hnh iu tra cc kha cnh ca cc gi tr dinh dng ca axt erythorbic. Mt trong nhng phin ta iu tra tc ng ca axit erythorbic trn s trao i cht vitamin C ph n tr; khng nh hng s

Cc tn khc

D-Araboascorbic axit, Erythorbate,

hp thu vitamin C hoc gii phng mt bng t c th c tm thy. Mt nghin cu sau thy rng axt erythorbic l mt enhancer mnh ca nonhemest hp th. 4. Amoni polyphosphate (E545). c tnh: INS :1440 , ADI : CXD , ML :10000 ng dng: ch phm tinh bt cht n , nh ha , n nh , lm dy. Cc thuc tnh ca polyphosphate amoni ph thuc vo s lng cc monome trong mi phn t v n mt mc ngy thng n nh th no, ngnh. Chui ngn hn v t tan trong nhit n nh. Amoni polyphosphate l mt mui ca axit v c polyphosphoric v amoniac. di chui (n) ca hp cht ny polymeric l c hai bin v phn nhnh, v c th ln hn 1 000. APPS chui ngn v tuyn tnh (n <100) c nhiu nc nhy cm (thy phn) v t nhit n nh hn APPS chui di hn (n> 1000), trong hin th mt ha tan nc rt thp (<0,1 g / 100 ml). Cng thc ha hc v cu trc: NH4PO3 n

Hnh 1: C cu APP APP l mt n nh, khng hp cht d bay hi. Trong lin h vi nc APP n t t c hydrolysed phosphat monoammonium (orthophotphat) nhit cao v ko di tip xc vi nc s y nhanh thy phnc vi cht ph gia khc nhau s sa i cc thuc tnh ca Pha Amoni polyphosphate II, lm cho chng ph hp s dng trong nhiu ng dng. Polyphosphate Amoni c s dng nh mt ph gia thc phm, E s e545, c s dng nh emulsifier mt. N cng c s dng nh mt kh nng khng chy ngn la v nh l mt phn bn.

5. Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid

Benzenecarboxylic axt, Cc tn khc Cng thc phn t Phn t gam Xut hin Mt Nhit nng chy Nhit si ha tan trong nc ha tan trong THF, ethanol, methanol Carboxybenzene, E210, Dracylic axt C6H5COOH 122,12 g / mol Mu tinh th rn 1,32 g / cm3 rn 122,4C (395 K) 249,2C (522 K) Ha tan (nc nng) 3,4 g / l (25 C) THF 3,37 M, 2,52 M ethanol, methanol 2,82 M

Axit benzoic, C7H6O2 (hoc C6H5COOH), l mt khng mu tinh th rn v n gin thm axit cacboxylic. Tn gi xut pht t benzoin ko cao su, c mt thi gian di ngun ch cho axit benzoic. iu ny axt yu v mui ca n c s dng nh mt cht bo qun thc phm. Benzoic acid l mt tin cht quan trng cho s tng hp ca nhiu cht hu c khc. Thc cht bo qun Benzoic acid v mui ca n c s dng nh l mt thc phm cht bo qun, i din bi s E-E210, E211, E212, v E213. Benzoic acid c ch s pht trin ca nm mc, men bia v mt s vi khun. N l hoc c gi trc tip hoc to

ra t cc phn ng vi natri, kali ca n, hoc mui canxi. C ch bt u vi s hp thu ca axt benzoic vo t bo. Nu thay i pH ni bo n 5 hoc thp hn, trong qu trnh ln men k kh ca glucose qua phosphofructokinase l gim 95%. Hiu qu ca axit benzoic v cc benzoat l nh vy, ph thuc vo pH ca thc phm, chua thc phm v ung nh nc tri cy (acid citric), ung si bt (carbon dioxide), nc gii kht (phosphoric acid), chua (dm) hoc cc acidified thc phm c bo tn vi axit benzoic v benzoate. Mc tiu biu ca vic s dng cho cc axit benzoic nh mt cht bo qun trong thc phm l gia 0,05-0,1%. Thc phm, trong axit benzoic c th c s dng v mc ti a cho cc ng dng ca n c t xung trong php lut thc phm quc t. by t lo ngi rng benzoic acid v mui ca n c th phn ng vi acid ascorbic (vitamin C) trong mt s nc gii kht, to ra s lng nh ca benzen Xem thm: Benzen trong nc gii kht Ha hc Phn ng ca axit benzoic c th xy ra vng trong, hoc thm hoc nhm cc carboxyl: thm nhn

Lc in t thay th thm phn ng s din ra ch yu 3-v tr do in t cc-rt nhm cacboxylic; tc l benzoic acid l meta ch o. Phn ng thay th th hai (bn phi) l chm hn v cc nhm nitro u tin l tt
[18]

Ngc li, nu mt nhm kch hot (in t-quyn gp) c gii thiu (v

d, alkyl)., Mt phn ng thay th th hai s xy ra d dng hn u tin v sn phm disubstituted c th khng phi tch ly n mt mc ng k. Carboxyl nhm Tt c cc phn ng c cp cho cc axt cacboxylic cng c th cho axit benzoic.

Benzoic este axit l cc sn phm ca phn ng catalysed axit vi ru. Benzoic amides axt c d dng hn c sn bng cch s dng kch hot dn xut axit (nh clorua benzoyl) hoc bng thuc th khp ni c s dng trong tng hp peptide nh DCC v DMAP.

Cc anhydrit ch ng hn benzoic c hnh thnh do mt nc bng cch s dng anhydrit axetic hoc pentxt pht pho. Cao phn ng acid derivatives nh halogenua axit c th d dng c c bng cch trn vi cc i l halogenation nh clorua phtpho hoc clorua thionyl.

Orthoesters c th thu c bng cch phn ng ca ru di nc chua vi iu kin Vit benzonitrile. Gim n benzaldehyde v ru benzyl c th s dng DIBAL-H, LiAlH 4 hoc Bohirua natri. Cc ng catalysed decarboxylation ca benzoat benzen c th c thc hin bng cch nung nng trong quinoline. Ngoi ra, decarboxylation Hunsdiecker c th t c bng cch to thnh mui bc v si m.

c tnh: INS: 210, ADI: 0- 5, ML:600. ng dng: bo qun 6. Fumaric axt. Fumaric axt

Cc tn khc

trans -1,2Ethylenedicarboxylic axt 2-Butenedioic axt trans-butenedioic axt

Allomaleic axt Boletic axt Donitic axt Lichenic axt Cng thc phn t Phn t gam Xut hin Mt Nhit nng chy ha tan trong C4H4O4 116,07 g / mol Rn trng 1,635 g / cm , rn 287 C

0,63 g/100 ml nc chua (p K mt) a1 p k = 3,03, p k a2 = 4,44 Fumaric axt hoc xuyn butenedioic axt, l cc hp cht ha hc c cng thc HO 2 CCH = CHCO 2 H. iu ny hp cht tinh th mu trng l mt trong hai ng phn cha no axit dicarboxylic, ang c cc Maleic acid, trong cc nhm axit cacboxylic l cis. N c mt tri cy nh hng v. Cc mui v este ca axit fumaric c gi l fumarates. Fumaric axit, khi c b sung vo cc sn phm thc phm, l mt iu chua k hiu l E297 s E. Sinh hc Axt Fumaric c tm thy trong cy t trinh (officinalis Fumaria), nm bolete (c th Boletus fomentarius var gi igniarius)., a y, v ru Iceland. Fumarate l mt trung gian trong cc chu k axit citric c s dng bi cc t bo sn xut nng lng trong cc hnh thc adenosine triphosphate (ATP) t thc phm. N c hnh thnh do qu trnh oxy ha ca Succinate bi dehydrogenase Succinate enzym. Fumarate sau c chuyn i theo fumarase

enzym malat. Da t nhin ca con ngi sn xut axit fumaric khi tip xc vi nh sng mt tri Fumarate cng l mt trung gian ca cc chu trnh ur. Thc phm Fumaric acid l mt acidulent thc phm c s dng k t nm 1946. l khng c hi. N thng c dng trong ung v bt lm bnh m yu cu c t trn s tinh khit. N thng c dng nh l mt thay th cho axit tartaric v i khi v tr ca axit citric, vi tc 1,36 g acid citric mi 0,91 gam axit fumaric cho hng v nh nhau. N cng c s dng trong bnh ko thm s chua, tng t nh cch axit malic c s dng. Ha hc Axt Fumaric ln u tin c chun b t succinic acid Mt tng hp truyn thng lin quan n qu trnh oxy ha ca cht xc tc da furfural (ch bin t ng) s dng Clorat trong s hin din ca vanadi mt-. Hin nay cng nghip tng hp ca axit fumaric l ch yu da ngy isomerisation xc tc ca axit Maleic trong cc gii php dung dch nc ti H p thp. Maleic acid c th truy cp vo khi lng ln nh l mt sn phm thy phn Maleic anhydrit, sn xut bi qu trnh oxy ha xc tc ca benzen hoc butan Cc tnh cht ha hc ca axit fumaric c th c d on t cc thnh phn ca cc nhm chc nng. iu ny to thnh mt axt yu este di, n phi tri qua thm qua lin kt i, v n l mt dienophile xut sc. Fumaric axt khng combust trong mt calorimeter bom trong iu kin ni Maleic acid deflagrates sut. i vi cc th nghim ging dy c thit k o s khc bit v nng lng gia cis-v trans isomer, mt s lng cc-bon c th o c mt t vi cc hp cht i tng v enthalpy ca s chy tnh ti s khc bit. c tnh: INS :297, ADI: CXD, ML:1000 Chc nng: iu chnh acid , n nh. Cc ng dng khc

Axt Fumaric c s dng trong sn xut nha polyester v ru polyhydric v nh l mt thuc n mau cho thuc nhum. 7. Sorbic acid. SORBIC axt Danh php IUPAC S CAS11044-1 (2E, 4E)-Hexa-2 ,4-dienoic axt Nhn dng

S CC MI = LE CC S = CC (O )O Chi Tit C Cng6 H thc 8 O phn 2 t

Ph 11 n 2,1 t 2 g

ga / m mo l

Nh 13 it 5 C n ng ch y

Nh 22 it 8 C si (de c)

4,7 ch 6 ua 25 (p C K
mt)

- Dng hp cht kt tinh, bt trng, tan khng ng k trong nc lnh (0,16g/100ml 20C) v d tan hn trong nc nng ( 100C tan 3, 9%), c v chua nh.

- Acid sorbic khng c hiu qu i vi cc vi khun Clostridium, Bacillus, Salmonella, Lactobacilus, Pseudomonas. - Tc dng c ch nm men, nm mc, c ngha trong mi trng pH t 3,2-6 v nng 1g/1 kg thc phm. - Khng c vi c th ngi, c cng nhn la GRAS, khi cho vao san phm thc phm khng gy ra mui vi la hay lam mt mui t nhin cua thc phm. c ng dung trong ch bin rau qua, ru vang, hp sa va sa chua, cac san phm ca, xuc xich, banh mi. - Liu lng s dung: + Cac san phm rau qua co acid (kt hp vi x ly nhit nhe) va cac loai banh: 0.05-0.1%. + Ca ngm gim, pate ca: acid sorbic 0.2%. + Thc n ch bin t cua, tm (khng thanh trung): acid sorbic 0.25% + Thit ga ti nhung vao dung dich acid sorbic 7.5% (71OC) co th gi c 18 ngay. + Sa v sa b ML: 1000. + ung c sa, hng liu hoc ln men ML: 300. + Sa ln men (nguyn kem) ML: 300. + Cc loi pho mt ML: 3000. - Hot tnh chng vi sinh vt ca acid sorbic th hin mnh nht khi hp cht trng thi khng phn ly, pKa ca acid sorbic l 4, 75; v vy, hot tnh chng vi sinh vt th hin mnh nht pH thp v v c bn khng tn ti pH > 6 6,5 Nng c ch ti thiu ca acid sorbic dng phn ly v khng phn ly i vi vi ging vi khun v nm men c xc nh vo nm 1983 (Eklund). C hai hnh thc ny u th hin s c ch nhng acid dng khng phn ly c hiu qu hn dng cn li 10 60 ln. Tuy nhin, pH > 6 acid dng phn ly li c hiu qu hn dng khng phn ly. - Gi bn r nht: 65.000 VN

8. Canxi clorua. Canxi clorua

Cc Canxi (II) tn clorua, khc Canxi dichloride, E509

Nh n d ng 10043-52-4 22691-02-7 (monohydrat) S CAS 10035-04-8 (dihydrate) 25094-02-4 (tetrahydrate) PubChem EC s S RTECS Chi Tit Cng thc phn t Phn t gam CaCl 2 110,98 g / mol (khan) 7774-34-7 (hexahydrate) 24854 233-140-8 EV9800000

128,999 g / mol (monohydrat) 147,014 g / mol (dihydrate) 183,045 g / mol (tetrahydrate) Xut hin 219,08 g / mol (hexahydrate) rn trng 2,15 g / cm 3 (khan) 1,835 g / cm 3 (dihydrate) 1,83 g / cm 3 (tetrahydrate) 1,71 g / cm 3 (hexahydrate) 772 C (khan) Nhit nng chy 260 C (monohydrat) 176 C (dihydrate) 45,5 C (tetrahydrate) 30 C (hexahydrate) [1] 1.935 C (khan) 74,5 g/100mL (20 C) 59,5 g/100 ml (0 C) ha tan 8-9 (khan) 6.5-8.0 (hexahydrate)

Mt

Nhit si ha tan trong nc ha tan trong ru chua (p K mt) C cu t chc Cu trc tinh th Khng gian nhm Phi hp Hnh hc Nguy him MSDS

Orthorhombic (bin dng Rutile), oP6 Pnnm, s 58 octahedral, 6-phi hp

MSDS

EU Index Phn loi ca EU R S LD 50 Lin qua n n cc hp cht

017-013-00-2 Kch thch (Xi) R36 (S2), S22, S24 1.000 mg / kg (oral, chut)

canxi florua Khc anion canxi bromua canxi Iodua magnesium chloride Khc Cation stronti clorua Bari clorua Canxi clorua, CaCl 2, l mt mui thng. N thng chy nh l mt nh tng ion in hnh, v l cht rn nhit phng. N c mt vi ng dng ph bin nh nc bin cho cc nh my lnh, nc v kim sot bi trn ng, v trong b tng. Mui khan cng c s dng rng ri nh mt cht lm kh, ni n s hp th nc qu nhiu m n cui cng s ha tan trong li ca ring nc tinh th ca n. N c th c sn xut trc tip t vi, nhng s lng ln cng c sn xut nh l mt sn phm ca qu trnh Solvay. Do tnh cht ht m ca mnh, hnh thc khan phi c gi trong hp ng cht ch-kn. N c s dng bin rong bin vo mt rn. Tnh cht ha hc

Canxi clorua c th phc v nh l mt ngun ca cc ion canxi trong gii php mt, khng ging nh cc hp cht canxi nhiu ngi khc, m l khng ha tan, canxi clorua c th chia re. 3 CaCl 2 + 2 K 3 PO 4 (dd) Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 (s) + 6 KCl (dd) CaCl 2 nng chy c th c electrolysed cho kim loi canxi v kh clo: CaCl 2 (l) Ca (s) + Cl 2 (kh) S dng trong thc phm L mt thnh phn, n c lit k nh l mt ph gia thc phm c cho php trong Lin minh chu u s dng nh Ph gia c lp mt v lm sn chc i l vi E509 s E, v c coi nh l ni chung cng nhn l an ton (GRAS) do thc phm M v Cc Qun l dc [9. ] Cc lng trung bnh ca clorua canxi nh ph gia thc phm c c tnh l 160-345 mg / ngy cho cc c nhn. [10] Nut phi cc sn phm clorua tinh khit tp trung hoc canxi c th gy kch ng ng tiu ha hoc lot [11.] Mu khan c chp thun ca FDA nh l mt vin tr bao b m bo kh (CPG 7117,02) [12.] Canxi clorua thng c s dng nh in mt v c mt hng v rt mn, nh c tm trong thc ung th thao v ung khc nh Smartwater v Nestle nc ng chai. N cng c th c s dng nh mt cht bo qun duy tr cng trong rau qu ng hp hoc nng cao hn trong chua cho mt v mn khng tng trong khi ni dung natri ca thc phm. N thm ch cn tm thy trong thc phm n nh, bao gm Cadbury thanh scla Caramilk chm ng bng ca caramel trong iu kin lnh. N c th c s dng thc hin mt thay th trng c mui t rau qu hay nc hoa qu [13] hoc b sung vo sa ch bin khi phc li s cn bng t nhin gia canxi v protein cho mc ch lm nh pho mt brie v stilton. Canxi clorua ta nhit ca ti sn c khai thc trong cc sn phm thc phm t si m nhiu '', ni n c kch hot (pha trn) vi nc bt u qu trnh si m, cung cp mt khng n, kh nhin liu c d dng kch hot.

Trong bia bia, clorua canxi i khi c s dng sa cha thiu st khong sn trong nc pha c ph. N nh hng n mi v v cc phn ng ha hc trong qu trnh pha c ph, v n cng c th nh hng n chc nng men trong. 9. Calcium polyphosphate. IN 45 S 2 iv M 70 TD I M 44 L 0 C H2n ng Pn th On+ c
1

T Kh nh n ch g t m i, tin h th kh n

g m u ho c bt H h a a tan tan kh n g ho n to n tro ng n c, h a tan tro ng m i tr

n g aci d n i g u d ch ng nh aci d, b o qu n, to x p, ch n g ng v n, n n h

m u, ch n g ox y h a, to ph c ki m lo i, nh h a, i u v, l m rn ch c.

10. Carrageenan. Carrageenans hoc carrageenins: l mt h trong polysaccharides tuyn tnh sulphated c chit xut t to bin mu . Chit xut nh cht keo ca Chondrus crispus c bin c s dng lm ph gia thc phm cho hng trm nm, [1] mc d phn tch an ton carrageenan l mt ph gia tip tc [2] T Carrageenans c chit xut t vt cht, nh my,. Ph gia thc phm c cha ny c xem l thch hp cho vegans. Thuc tnh Carrageenans ln, tnh linh hot cao phn t c to thnh curl cu trc xon c. iu ny to cho h kh nng hnh thnh nhiu loi keo khc nhau nhit phng. Chng c s dng rng ri trong thc phm v cc ngnh cng nghip khc nh dy ln v n nh cc i l. Mt li th c bit l h c pseudoplastic-h mng hn cng thng ct v phc hi nht ca mnh mt khi cng thng c ly ra. iu ny c ngha l h rt d bm nhng stiffen mt ln na sau . Mi carrageenans c cao trng lng phn t polysaccharides to ca cc n v lp li galactose v anhydrogalactose 3,6 (3,6-AG), c hai sulfated v nonsulfated. Cc n v tham gia bng cch xen alpha 1-3 v 1-4 mi lin kt beta glycosidic. C ba lp hc chnh thng mi ca carrageenan:

Kappa: mnh m, gel cng nhc. Gels vi cc ion kali, phn ng vi protein t sa. Ch yu l t cottonii Eucheuma. Iota: mm gel. Gels vi cc ion canxi. Sn xut ch yu t Eucheuma spinosum Lambda: Khng gel, s dng cc sn phm sa dy ln. Ngun ph bin nht l Gigartina t Nam M.

S khc bit chnh m nh hng n ti sn ca kappa, v iota carrageenan lambda l s lng v v tr ca cc nhm sulfat este trn cc n v galactoza lp i lp li. Cao cp ca sulfat este thp hn nhit ha tan ca carrageenan v gel sc mnh sn xut thp hn, hoc ng gp cho s c ch gel (lambda carrageenan). Nhiu loi algal sn xut cc loi khc nhau ca carrageenans trong lch s pht trin ca h. V d, Gigartina chi sn xut ch yu l Kappa carrageenans trong giai on gametophytic ca n, v Lambda carrageenans trong giai on sporophytic ca n. Xem xoay chiu ca cc th h. Tt c u c ha tan trong nc nng, nhng trong nc lnh ch c nhng hnh thc Lambda (v cc mui natri ca cc hai) c ha tan. Khi c s dng trong cc sn phm thc phm, carrageenan c E EU ph gias E407 hoc E407a khi hin nay l "eucheuma ch bin rong bin", v thng c s dng nh l emulsifier mt. Khi iota carrageenan l kt hp vi lactylate stearoyl natri (SSL) mt hiu ng SYNERGISTIC c to ra, cho php n nh / emulsifying khng phi l thu c vi bt k loi hnh khc ca carrageenan (kappa / lambda) hoc vi emulsifiers khc (monodiglycerides, vv) Sodium stearoyl. lactylate kt hp vi iota carrageenan c kh nng sn xut nh tng trong iu kin c nng v lnh bng cch s dng hoc thc vt hay m ng vt. 11. Phosphat distarch Phosphated, l mt tinh bt chng sa i. N c ngun gc t tinh bt cao ng amylose v cha ti thiu l 70%, ch n ung cht si. Hin nay n c s dng nh mt ph gia thc phm (E 1413) nh l mt ng bng-tan-n nh thickener (stabilises s thng nht trong khi thc phm ng lnh v x ) trong Lin minh Chu u trong cc sn phm nh sp, nc st, gravies ng lnh v trm pie. 12. Gellan ko cao su, cng c bit n thng mi nh Phytagel hoc Gelrite, c s dng ch yu nh mt i l gelling, thay th cho thch, trong vn ha vi sinh. N c th chu c nhit 120 o C, lm cho n c bit hu ch trong vic nui cc sinh vt nhit. Mt trong nhng nhu cu ch khong mt na s tin

ca ko cao su gellan nh agar t c mt sc mnh tng ng gel, mc d cc kt cu chnh xc v cht lng ph thuc vo nng ca Cation hoa tri hai hin nay. Gellan ko cao su c s dng lm i l gelling trong vn ha t bo thc vt trn Petri-mn n, v n cung cp mt gel rt r rng, to iu kin phn tch nh sng microscopical ca cc t bo v m. Mc d qung co l tr b, th nghim vi patens Physcomitrella ru ch ra rng s la chn ca cc i l gelling - agar hoc Gelrite - khng nhy cm phytohormone nh hng ca vn ha t bo thc vt [1.] Thc phm khoa hc L mt ph gia thc phm, ko cao su gellan c s dng nh mt thickener, emulsifier, v n nh. N c E418 s E. N l mt phn ca cc thc ung by gi khng cn tn mm Orbitz. N c s dng trong sa u nnh gi protein trong sa u nnh b nh ch cc 13.

14. Kali benzoat. Kali benzoat

Danh php IUPAC Kali benzoat

C Be c nz tn oic kh aci c d, mu i kal i

Nh n d ng S CAS PubChem EC s 209-481-3 582-25-2 11399

S [hi

MI de] LE S C1 = CC = C (C = C1 )C (= O) [O -] [K +.] Chi tit Cng thc phn t Phn t gam Xut hin Mi Mt Nhit nng chy C 7 H 5 KO 2 160.2117 g / mol Rn trng ht m khng mi 1,5 g / cm 3 > 300 C

 ha tan trong nc

ha tan

h h a a tan tan tro ng eth an ol hi h a tan tro ng me tha nol

kh n g h a tan tro

ng te

Kali benzoat (E212), mui kali ca axit benzoic, l mt cht bo qun thc phm m c ch s pht trin ca nm mc, nm men v mt s vi khun. N hot ng tt nht trong thp sn phm pH, di 4,5, ni n tn ti nh axit benzoic. Thc phm v ung axit nh nc tri cy (acid citric), ung si bt (axit cacbonic), nc gii kht (phosphoric acid), v chua (dm) c th c bo qun vi benzoat kali. N c chp thun cho s dng ti hu ht cc nc bao gm c Canada, the US and the EU, ni n c thit k bi E212 s E. Trong EU, khng nn dng cho tiu th ca tr em [1.] Benzoat kali cng c s dng nh l ci trong pho hoa nhiu [2.] Tng hp Mt cch rt ph bin lm cho benzoat kali l do oxy ha toluene [3.] Mt cch khc tng hp benzoat kali trong cc thit lp phng th nghim l do phn ng benzoat methyl vi thioacetate kali [4.] Spectra Carbon 13 NMR Cc NMR cacbon shos 5 u H Lan duy nht. C bn nh gia 130-140 ppm t cacbon trong vng benzen. C mt nh cacbon thm khong 178 ppm i din cho cc-bon t cc cacbonyl [5].. Hng ngoi Spectrum Sau y l cc nh ni chnh trong ph IR. 1610: C = O t cacbonyl 1580: C = C t vng benzen [6]. C ch bo qun thc phm Cc c ch bo qun thc phm bt u vi s hp thu ca axt benzoic vo t bo. Nu s thay i pH ni bo n 5 hoc thp hn, trong qu trnh ln men k kh ca glucose qua phosphofructokinase l gim 95%. An ton v sc khe Bi chi tit: benzen trong nc ngt

Kt hp vi acid ascorbic (vitamin C), natri benzoat v kali c th hnh thc benzen, mt cht gy ung th c bit n. Nhit , nh sng v hn dng c th nh hng n tc benzen c hnh thnh. Cc chnh Thc phm v thuc th nghim c thc hin trong nm 2006, nhng mi trng lm vic nhm l ku gi FDA cng khai ra tt c cc xt nghim v s dng quyn hn ca mnh buc cc cng ty reformulate trnh benzen tim nng hnh thnh s kt hp [7].. Kali benzoat c miu t gn y do y ban thc phm, nhng ngi vn ng cho 'an ton hn, khe mnh thc phm Vng quc Anh', nh l "nh nhng kch thch da, mt v mng nhy" [8.] Mo c dung sai thp hn ng k axit benzoic v cc mui ca n so vi chut v con chut [9.] 15. u guar gum

u guar gum

Nh n dng S CAS 9000-30-0 Tit chua (p K mt) 5-7 Nguy him MSDS MSDS

u guar gum, cng gi l guaran, l mt galactomannan. N l ch yu l cc ni phi nhu mt t ca ht u guar. Cc ht u guar ang dehusked, xay v sng lc c c cc nu u guar [1.] N thng c sn xut nh l mt Vit chy, nht, mu trng mu, th bt t tt. Sn xut u guar gum l chit xut t cc ht u guar, ni n hot ng nh mt ca hng thc phm v nc. Ht u guar l ch yu trng n v Pakistan, vi cy nh c trng M, c, Trung Quc, v Chu Phi. Cc chu hn u guar u c th n nh u xanh, n cho gia sc, hoc s dng trong phn xanh. Thng mi Theo mt bo co ca Reuters, n chim khong 80 phn trm ca thng mi ton cu trong cc sn phm u guar. [2] [3]. n xut khu 11000000000 rupee gi tr ca cc sn phm u guar trong nm ti chnh 2007/08 kt thc thng 3 nm 2008. Pakistan n ng mn trong thng mi ton cu. Cng nghip u guar gum l nhiu nht sau khi tm sn phm u guar, v chim khong 45 phn trm ca tng nhu cu. Ko cao su cng nghip c s dng nh mt i l kim sot ti cc ging khoan du to iu kin d dng v ngn nga mt cht lng [4.] Nm 2007, ngnh cng nghip n b trng mt cuc khng hong nhim khi Lin minh chu u b nh ch nhp khu u guar gum, n sau khi mc qu mc ca dioxin c tm thy trong mt l hng [3]. Thuc tnh Thnh phn ha hc

Ha hc, u guar gum l mt polysaccharide gm cc galactoza ng v mannose. Xng sng l mt chui tuyn tnh ca 1,4-c lin kt d lng mannose m d lng galactose l 1,6-c lin kt mi mannose th hai, to thnh mt ngn chi nhnh.

 ha tan v nht u guar gum l ha tan hn so vi ko cao su kt ba gai u v l mt emulsifier tt hn v n c thm galactoza im chi nhnh. Khng ging nh ko cao su kt ba gai u, n khng phi l t gelling [5] Tuy nhin, mt trong hai borax hoc canxi c th lin kt cho u guar gum, gy ra n gel.. Trong nc l nonionic v hydrocolloidal. N khng b nh hng bi sc mnh ion hoc pH, nhng s lm suy thoi thi cc pH nhit (v d nh pH 3 lc 50 C)
[5.]

N vn cn n nh trong dung dch trn phm vi pH 5-7. Axit mnh gy thy

phn v mt nht, v alkalies nng mnh cng c xu hng gim nht. N khng ha tan trong cc dung mi hydrocarbon nht. u guar gum cho thy cao nht thp ct nhng mnh m chng ct-mng. It is very thixotropic trn nng 1%, nhng di 0,3% trong thixotropy l nh. N c thp hn nhiu, ct nht hn ca ko cao su u kt ba gai, v cng thng ln hn ca hydrocolloids khc. u guar gum cho thy sc mnh tng hp nht vi ko cao su Xanthan. u guar ko cao su v hn hp casein micellar c th hi thixotropic nu mt hnh thc h thng biphase [5.] [6] dy u guar gum l kinh t bi v n gn 8 ln so vi nc dy ln tim nng ca bt bp - ch c mt s lng rt nh l cn thit cho sn xut nht . V vy, n c th c s dng trong nhiu giai on khc nhau-cng thc: nh l mt emulsifier v n gip ngn nga nhng git du t coalescing, v / hoc nh mt cht n nh, v n gip ngn chn cc ht rn t gii quyt. 16. GUM KARAYA (Sterculia Gum) Identity & Ngun gc Gum Karaya, i khi c gi l Sterculia ko cao su, l chay ra sy kh ca cy Sterculia urens v cc loi khc ca Sterculia. Cy c ngun gc n . Cc c im th cht Cc loi cp cao nht ca Gum Karaya l trng, m v gn nh min ph ca v

cy. Cc lp thp khc nhau t vng nht n mu nu v c th cha nhiu nh 3% tp cht khng ha tan. Gum Karaya l bt mu trng n mu xm trng. ha tan Gum Karaya, nh Gum Tragacanth, khng ha tan trong nc cung cp cho mt gii php r rng m l mt hnh thc sol keo. Bt n karaya ko cao su trong nc lnh n mt mc m mt% 3-4% sol s sn xut mt gel nng ca m i v ng b kt cu. i vi nng cao hn n l cn thit nu n trong ko cao su chu p lc hi nc lm cho n ha tan. Mt% 20-25% gii php c th c lm theo cch ny. N mang li mt dy, xi-r-ging nh cht lng Gum Karaya. Sols nht s hnh thnh trong cc gii php hydroalcoholic khc nhau, ln n 60% n 35% nng ru. nht nht ca Gum Karaya phn ln l ph thuc vo ti ca mnh, l, lm th no gn y n c thu thp t cc cy. nht l b nh hng bi iu kin kh hu v tng trng. nht cng b nh hng bi lu tr. Bt Karaya s hin th mt gim nht sau khi lu tr trn 6 thng. Gum Karaya sols rt nhy cm vi kim v t viscocity ti a ca h pH 8,5. trn m pH ca sols c xu hng tr thnh stringy. Ho cht c im Gum Karaya l mt polysaccharide phc tp ca cc phn t lng cao. Mt trng lng phn t cao nh 9.500.000 c bo co. Ngy thy phn n sn lng axit galactose, rhamnose v galacturonic. Gum Karaya xy ra nh l mt ngun t mt phn axetyl ha. S lng axt c tm thy thay i 13,422,7. Cc bin th trong s axit l khng ch nh hng bi ngun gc ca mu m cn bi tui ca n. Ko cao su c mt ti sn ring ca tch ra axit axtic min ph v mt mt ny l lng lo tng quan vi kch thc ht. Trimethylamine cng c xc nh trong cc sn phm thy phn. Karaya gum c cha 12% n 14% m v acid% t hn 1 tro khng ha tan.

pH pH ca mt gii php 1% Karaya Gum l 4,6. Nu mt lng nh kim c thm vo thay i pH n 7 hoc 8, ko cao su c xu hng c mt hnh ng c hiu lc m v dn dn s lm gim pH mt ln na kch thc axit. Kh nng tng thch Gum Karaya tng thch vi hydrocolloids cy trng khc cng nh cc protein v carbohydrate. C v l khng tng thch ca Gum Karaya gel vi maleat pyrilamine, hydrotrope mt mnh m v antihistaminic. in gii cng c th lm gim nht cng nh cc axit qu mc. Cht kim gy ra gel tr thnh stringy. Cht bo qun Gum Karaya sols v Jellies i hi cht bo qun v chng c th tn cng ca vi khun. Chng c bo qun mt cch d dng vi mt hn hp ti ti a l 0,17 methyl% v 0,03% o propyl-hydroxybenzoate cng nh vi glycerin v propylen glycol. Benzoic axit cng nh benzoat natri nng 0,1%, c hiu qu s bo qun Karaya sols. S dng Thc phm Ngnh cng nghip thc phm tiu th t hn 50% ca tt c cc Karaya Gum. Chc nng chnh ca n l impart n nh thng qua cc rng buc v emulsifying ti sn. Ti 0,2-0,4%, Karaya ngn cn s bledding ca nc Vit v s hnh thnh ca cc tinh th nc ln trong nc hin ra, ICES nc v sherbets. Tuyt vi ca n hp th nc v cc nc ang nm gi ti sn tuyt vi cng vi kh nng tng thch ca n lm cho n acid thch hp cho vic s dng ny. Tnh cht axt Karaya l khng ly lan trong i ph mt v ngn chia tch nc v khuyn khch d ly lan khi c s dng ln n 0,8%. Karaya c s dng nh l mt trong n whipped cream thng xuyn v trong gi whipped cream. Ngoi vic n nh bt Meringue thng qua cc thuc tnh rng buc ca n, Karaya cho php mt khi lng ln ca Meringue c sn xut t

mt s tin c nh ca protein. Kt hp vi carrageenan, Karaya chm staling bnh m v bnh trn v hng ho bnh khc v ci thin khoan dung ca bt overmixing. Mc a thch ca Ngoi ra l 0,1-0,9% karaya vi 0,02-0,1% carrageenan. Trong ch bin tht, Karaya c s dng ti 0,25-1,0% nh mt emulsifier v cht kt dnh. It chc nng bng cch hp th nc do cc bng c s dng trong emulsifying ang cht v cc cht m, cht bo v m cung cp cho mt c kt, mn xut hin sn phm hon tt. 17. Kali dihydrogen citrate. Kali dihydrogen citrate TnKali dihydrogen citrate, monopotassium mui ca 2hydroxyPropan - 1,2,3tricarboxylic axt

Cng thc ha hc INS ADI ML Tnh cht ha tan pH ng Nh dn ha, g n

C6H7KO7 332 i CXD GMP Khng mi, tinh th trong sut hoc bt trng T do ha tan trong nc; rt t ha tan trong ethanol 3,5-3,9 (1 trong 10 soln)

nh, iu chnh acid, to phc kim loi, chng oxy ha 18. CAROB BEAN GUM (Cht Gm Carot Bean) 1.Ngun gc: L cht x thin nhin, chit xut t cy Carob Bean vng Trung m. Nhiu nghin cu xc nhn gi tr sinh hc ca cht Gm Carob Bean trong ngn nga v iu tr cc trng hp nn i nhiu v to bn tr di 1 tui. 2.Vai tr: o Gm Carob Bean ho tan trong nc nng, khi ngui s lm dung dch c li lm gim nn tr. o Gm Carob Bean kch thch cc vi khun c li trong rut pht trin lm tng xp v trn (nht) ca phn, gip tr d i tiu. o Gm Carob Bean trong qu trnh ln men rut gi, s to cc axit bo chui ngn, c tc dng lm gim nhng cn au do co tht tr nh trong thi gian tch t phn rut gi trc khi i tiu. Cc sn phm dinh dng c b sung cht Gm Carob Bean phi c dng theo ch nh ca nhn vin y t v pha ch theo ng hng dn ghi trn bao b.

19. Mi xe d tart ari c axi t ax eti c v est e c a mo nov dig lyc eri des c a axi t

b o IN S s 47 2f

S nh n ng ph ha m n y ba o g m cc est e c a gly cer ol vi aci

d b o c a ch t b o th c ph m , axi t ax ti c v axi t tart ari c. N c th ch

a m t l ng nh gly cer ol mi n ph , cc aci d b o t do, axi t ax ti c mi n ph

, mi n ph v axi t tart ari c gly cer ide s mi n ph . 1) K m t t c ho u c c hai ng tro th ng c s cc

nh m R l m t ph n n a ax t b o 2) cc nh m R kh c ho c l Ax t tart ari

c ph n n a Ac eti c aci d ph n n a Hy dro Di ace tyl ate d tart ari c aci

d ph n n a M on oa cet yla ted tart ari c aci d ph n n a Tnh cht Cc este trong phm vi xut hin t np, cht lng nht thng qua mt cht bo nh tnh nht qun sp mu vng m hydrolyse trong khng kh m gii phng axit axtic