Bài giảng vật lý - HỒ HOÀNG VIỆT

3008
3008
Mc lc
GII THIU
DAO NG C
2.1 DAO NG IU HA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.1 C S L THUYT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2 CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2.1
PHNG TRNH DAO NG, VN TC, GIA TC, CHU K, TN S TRONG
DAO NG U HA : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2.2
H THC C LP : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2.3
TM THI GIAN NGN NHT, QUNG NG, QUNG NG LN NHT
NH NHT,VN TC,TC TRUNG BNH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2.4
TM THI GIAN, QUNG NG VT QUA 1 V TR NHIU LN: . . . . . . .
2.1.2.5
TM S LN VT T VN TC C LN V0 TRONG THI GIAN t: . . . .
2.1.2.6
TM S LN VT QUA V TR x0 T THI IM t1 t2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T
2.1.2.7
Tm , f , T khi thi gian ln vn tc gia tc khng vt qu gi tr nht nh l :
a
2.1.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.4 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 CON LC L XO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 C S L THUYT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2.1
LC KO V HAY LC N HI : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2.2
LN LC N HI : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2.3
CHIU DI LN NHT NH NHT,BIN , BIN DNG : . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2.4
CHU K TN S CT, GHP L XO, KHI LNG TNG HIU : . . . . . . . .
2.2.2.5
NNG LNG : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2.6
THI GIAN, QUNG NG L XO NN GIN TRONG 1 CHU K : . . . . . .
2.2.2.7
IU KIN HAI VT CHNG LN NHAU CNG GIA TC : . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.4 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 CON LC N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1 C S L THUYT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.1
PHNG TRNH DAO NG, VN TC, GIA TC,TN S GC,CHU K, TN
S, BIN : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.2
TC , LC CNG : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.3
H THC C LP : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.4
NNG LNG : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.5
BIN THIN CHU K : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.6
TREO TRONG THANG MY CHUYN NG : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.7
T TRONG IN TRNG U : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.8
TC DNG LC QUN TNH : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.9
CHU K CON LC N C CHIU DI TNG HIU: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.10 CON LC TRNG PHNG: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.4 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 DAO NG TT DN-DAO NG CNG BC-CNG HNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.1 C S L THUYT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.1.1
NH NGHA, NGUYN NHN NG DNG DAO NG TT DN: . . . . . . .
2.4.1.2 DAO NG DUY TR, CNG BC, CNG HNG: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.2.1
CNG THC THNG DNG: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.2.2
TM THI GIAN QUNG NG VT I T BIN N KHI DNG LI: . . . .
2.4.2.3
GIM BIN SAU MI CHU K L: (A%): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
9
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
20
24
24
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
31
34
35
35
36
37
37
37
37
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37
41
45
45
45
46
46
48
51
SNG C
3.1 I CNG V SNG C HC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1 C S L THUYT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1.1 CC KHI NIM V SNG, CHU K, TN S, TN S GC, BIN , BC
SNG, TC TRUYN SNG: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1.2 NNG LNG, LCH PHA : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.2 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.3 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 SNG M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 C S L THUYT, CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2 CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.4 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 GIAO THOA SNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 C S L THUYT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2.1 Tm v hoc f: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2.2 Xc nh tnh cht ca im dao ng: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2.3 lch pha: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2.4 S im dao ng cc i,cc tiu trn on, khong thng AB: . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2.5 S im dao ng cc i trn on, khong: AB (A,B l 2 ngun) ; CD (bit ABCD l
hnh vung,A,B l 2 ngun),...: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.4 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 SNG DNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.1 C S L THUYT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.2.1 2 u dy c nh hoc mt u dy c nh, mt u dy dao ng vi bin nh: . .
3.4.2.2 Mt u cnh,mt u t do: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.2.3 Di si dy treo thm vt nng m: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.2.4 Vit phng trnh sng dng ti M, cch u cn d trn dy di l: . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.4 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 TNG HP THI I HC, CAO NG TT NGHIP CC NM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*
61
61
61
3008
2.5
2.4.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.4.4 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TNG HP DAO NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5.1 CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH . . . . . . . . . .
2.5.1.1
DNG GII BNG MY TNH: . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5.1.2
DNG TON KHC: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5.2 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5.3 CC BI TP NGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TNG HP THI I HC, CAO NG TT NGHIP CC NM
2.6
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61
62
62
65
68
69
70
70
73
76
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
78
82
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
89
93
3008
GII THIU
3008
DAO NG C
BIN SON: H HONG VIT (VIT-G EN-HSPHCM) -01268950956

2.1.2.2
(
H THC C LP :
)2 +(
)2 =1
3008
v = A2 x2
s
r
r
A
2A
2
2
2
z
}|
{
v
v
a
v1 2 x2 2 v2 2 x1 2
2+
=
+
=
A
=
x
v 2
x
2
4 2
v2 2 v1 2
) = 1 =
( )2 + (
2
2
A
vmax
v
v1 v2
|{z}
=
= 2
2
2
A
x2 x1 2
A x
a2 = 2 (v 2 v2 )
|
{z
}
max
F
v 2
(
) =1
)2 +(
Fmax
vmax
|{z}
|{z}
amax
|{z}
kA=m 2 A
2.1.2.3
vmax
|{z}
TM THI GIAN NGN NHT, QUNG NG, QUNG NG LN NHT NH NHT,VN
TC,TC TRUNG BNH:
x2
x2
cos(2 )=
cos(2 )=
A
A
z}|{
z}|{
t =
|
{z
}
Thi
gian
ngn
nht
vt
i
t
x
x
1
2
Ch : v1 v2 nS1 =|x1 x2 |
z
}|
{
t = n + t =
S = 2nA + S1
|
{z
}
2
Xc nh S1 bng hnh v
|
{z
}
QUNG
NG
VT
I
T
THI
IM
t
t
1
2
T
t
t
=
=n+m
=
t=nT
+t
2
T
z
}|
{
Smax = n.2A + 2Asin
| {z 2 }
0t
|
{z
}
Qung ng ln nht vt i c trong khong thi gian t
z
}|
{
Smin = n.2A + 2A(1 cos

)
2 }
|
{z
0t
|
{z
}
Qung
ng
nh
nht
vt
i
c
trong
khong
thi gian t
Vn tc trung bnh vt i t v tr x1 x2
z
}|
{
x2 x1
vtb =
t t
|
{z2 1
}
Vi
t=T
= v=0
4A
t = T = v =
Smax
Vi
vmax
=
t
=
Smin
vmin
=
z
}|
{
v =
|
{z t}
Tc trung bnh vt i t v tr x1 x2
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
2.1.2.4 TM THI GIAN, QUNG NG VT QUA 1 V TR NHIU LN:
Nu n chn th: m=2
}|
{
z
nm
T + tm ln
t=
{z
}
|
Nu n l th: n=1
Nu n chn th: m=2
z
}|
{
t=
4A + Sm ln
{z
}
|
Nu n l th: n=1
2.1.2.5
TM S LN VT T VN TC C LN V0 TRONG THI GIAN t:

Xc nh k bng cch dng hnh v
z
t
= n + m = Ns ln = 4n +
T
2.1.2.6
}|
k
|{z}
S ln vt t vn tcV0 trong thi gian: mT
TM S LN VT QUA V TR x0 T THI IM t1 t2 :
Xc nh k bng cch dng hnh v
z
t
= n + m = Ns ln = 2n +
T
2.1.2.7
}|
k
|{z}
S ln vt qua v tr x0 trong thi gian: mT
Tm , f , T khi thi gian ln vn tc gia tc khng vt qu gi tr nht nh l
x=0x=
A
2
z}|{
T
A
T
t=
= x1 = nh
4a
b
12
z
}|
s {
a1
v1
2
z}|{
T
....
8
x=0x=
T
:
a
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
5T
3 Qung ng ln nht vt i c trong khong thi gian:
?
3
A. 7A
B. 8A
C. 9A
D. 10A
Li gii
S=6A
Smax =A
z}|{
z}|{
5T
3T
T
=
+
= Smax = 7A
3
2
6
5T
4 Mt con lc dao ng iu ho trong
u tin i t im M c li x1 = 3cm n im N c li
6
x2 = 3cm.Tm bin dao ng ?
A. A = 6 cm
B. A = 12 cm
C. A = 22 cm
D. A = 32 cm
Li gii
T
2
}|
t=
T
3
}|
t=
{z
A
A
A
x = x = A x = x = 0 x = x = A x =
2
2
2
|
{z
5T T T
= +
6 2 3
{
A
= A = 6 cm
2}
T
5T
5 Mt vt dao ng iu ha i t mt im M trn qu o n v tr cn bng ht: . Trong
tip theo vt i
3
12
c 15cm .Vt i tip mt on S na th v
M mt chu k.Tm S. ?
A. S = 5 + 5 3 (cm)
B. S = 5 + 10 3 (cm)
C. S = 9 + 10 3 (cm)
D. S = 10 + 5 3 (cm)
Li gii
T
A
A 2
A 3
T
T
5T
t= = Vt i theo chiu m
Vt i t: x=
x=0x=
x=
= +
3
2
2
2
12 4 6
z
}|
{
z
}|
{
z
}|
{
A 3
A
5T T
T
A A 3
x=
A x = 0 S = A + = 15 cm = A = 10cm T
=
= S = +
= 5 + 5 3 (cm)
3
2
4
2
|
{z
} | 12 3
{z2
}
Tnh on S cui:
5T
A
Trong:
Vt i t x=0x=Ax=
12
2
6 Vt dao ng u ha khi x = x1 = 1 cm th v = v1 = 4 cm/s khi x = x2 = 2 cm th v = v2 = 1 cm/s.Tnh vn
tc khi quav tr cn bng ?
B. vmax = 22 cm/s
C. vmax = 23 cm/s
D. vmax = 24 cm/s
A. vmax = 21 cm/s
gii
Lis
v1 2 x2 2 v2 2 x1 2
21
A =
=
2
2
v2 v1
5
= vmax = 21 cm/s
v 2 v2 2
= 1 2
= 5
x2 x1 2
23
7 Cho x = 3cos(4.t + ) cm.Trong cng 1 khong thi gian
s.Tm tc trung bnh ln nht v nh nht ?
10
12
A. |vmax | = 8.2cm/s; |vmin | = 7.04cm/s
B. |vmax | = 2.8cm/s; |vmin | = 4.07cm/s
C. |vmax | = 3.2cm/s; |vmin | = 3.02cm/s
D. |vmax | = 2.3cm/s; |vmin | = 2.03cm/s
Li gii
n
t
z}|{
z}|{
t
|vmax | = Smaxt = 8.2cm/s
Smax = n.2A + 2Asin

23
1
7
1
=
2
s
=
1.75
+
=
(
)
T
+
(s)
=
|vmin | = Smint = 7.04cm/s
6
2
6
Smin = n.2A + 2A(1 cos t )
12
2
8 Mt vt dao ng iu ho, lc vt v tr M c to x1 = 3cm th vn tc l 8(cm/s); lc vt v tr N c to
x2 = 4cm th c vn tc l 6(cm/s). Tnh bin dao ng v chu k dao ng ca vt. ?
A.
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
M : (A)2 = (x1 )2 + ( v1 )2
= =
N : (A)2 = (x2 )2 + ( v2 )2
9 Mt cht im dao ng iu ha vi chu k T v bin . Bit trong mt chu k, khong thi gian vn tc c
2T
. Xc nh chu k dao ng ca cht im. ?
ln khng vt qu 24 3(cm/s) l
3
A. 0, 4 s
B. 0, 5 s
C. 0, 6 s
D. 0, 7 s
Li gii
4t1 =
2T
T
A
v
= = T = 0, 5 s
= t1 =
= x1 = ; =
3
6
2
A2 x2
10 Cho mt h dao ng nh hnh v. L xo c cng k = 50N/m v khi lng khng ng k. Vt c khi

lng M = 200g, c th trt khng ma st trn mt phng ngang.Ko vt ra khi v tr cn bng mt on a = 4cm
ri bung nh. Tnh vn tc trung bnh ca vt sau khi n i qung ng 2cm ?

A. 30 (cm/s)
B. 40 (cm/s)
C. 50 (cm/s)
D. 60 (cm/s)
gii
Lir
= k = 5 (rad/s)
s
m
= v = = 30 (cm/s)
/3
1
t
t = =
=
s vt i t x=A=4 n x=A/2=2
5
15
11 Mt vt dao ng iu ho trn mt trc ox nm ngang c qu o l mt ng thng di 24 cm, tn s dao
ng l 25/Hz. Ti thi im ban u vt ang bin dng. Tm qung ng vt i c t thi im t1 =

s
12
n thi im t2 = s. ?
5
A. 4, 142cm
B. 421, 4cm
C. 241, 4cm
D. 142, 4cm
Li gii
= 50rad/s
A = 12cm
x = 12cos(50t)cm
t1
25
1
= S = 142, 4cm
=
= 2+
= t1 = 2T +
= S = 2.4.12 12cos(50 .
) = 1, 6cm
T
2
12
300
300
t2 = 5 = S = 5.4.12 = 240cm.
T
12 . Mt vt dao ng iu ha c tn s f=10Hz, A=10cm, thi im t1 vt ang v tr A/2 v chuyn ng
theo chiu dng. Tm qung ng vt qua v tr cn bng ln th 100 tnh t thi im t1. ?
A. 1994(cm)
B. 1995(cm)
C. 1996(cm)
D. 1997(cm)
Li gii
(n 2)4A
(n 2)4A
S=
+S2 =
+
2
2
Trong 2 ln cui vt i t x=A/2x=Ax=0x=Ax=0
z }| {
A
+ 2A + A
2
= 1995(cm)
13 Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 10cos(3t + /3) (cm). Tm s ln vt qua v tr x0 = 3 cm,

trong thi gian 1, 5 s. ?
A. 2 ln
B. 3 ln
C. 4 ln
D. 5 ln
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
= 0; x1 = 5 cm; v 0
T
= ; x2 = 5 3 cm; v 0
4
z
}|
{
t
1
= 2 + N = 2.2 + 1 = 5 ln
T
4
14 Mt vt dao ng vi phng trnh x = 4cos3t cm. Xc nh s ln vt c tc 6cm/s trong khong (1; 2, 5) s
?
A. 7 ln
B. 8 ln
C. 9 ln
D. 10 ln
3008
Li gii
= 0; v1 = 0 ang tng
T
t2 = t1 + ; v2 = 12 cm
4
z
}|
{
1
t
= 2 + N = 2.4 + 1 = 5 ln
T
4
t1
15 Cho mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh x = 8cos(2t
v = 8 cm/s?
A. 1004, 5s
B. 581, 300 s
C. 583, 100 s
)cm. Thi im th 2010 vt qua v tr

6
D. 100, 583 s
Li gii
u
2
u
A 3
t 2 v
=4 3=
Ban u vt bin; v 0;x= A
2
2
}|
{
2008.T T
t2010 = t2008 + t2 =
+ = 1004, 5s
2
2
16 Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh x = 8cos(t
nng bng 3 ln th nng ?

12059
59120
A.
s
B.
s
12
12
Li gii
C.
12120
s
59
)cm. Thi im th 2010 vt qua v tr c ng

4
D.
120
s
59
A 2
A
A
A
x=
x=A x=Ax=
x= x=
t2008
2
2
2
2
z }| {
z}|{
z}|{
z}|{
2010.T
T
T
T
= t2010 = t2008 +t2 =
+
+
+
= 100, 583 s
4
8
6
6
W = 3Wt = x =
2
Ban u : x = A 3 ; v 0
2
17 Mt vt dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh: x = 6cos(5.t ) cm. Tnh t lc bt u kho st dao ng,
4
ln th hai vt c vn tc v2 = 15 cm/s vo thi im ?
11
15
13
17
s
B.
s
C.
s
D.
s
A.
60
60
60
60
Li gii
x=
A 2
A 3
x=A
x=0x=
x=Ax=0
2
2
z}|{
z}|{
z}|{
T
T
T
13
+
+
=
s
8
4
6
60
A
3
x =
2
= t =
Ban u: x = A 2 ; v 0
2
18 Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang vi nng lng dao ng 1J v lc n
hi cc i l 10N. Gi Q l
u c nh ca l xo. Khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip im
Q chu tc dng ca lc ko 5 3 N l 0, 1s. Tnh qung ng ln nht m vt i c trong 0, 4s.
A. 84cm
B. 40cm.
C. 64cm
D. 60cm
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
A = 20 cm
k = 50 N/m
T
T
T
A 3
= tQ =
+
=
= T = 0, 6 s
F = kx = 5 3 = x =
2
12 12
6
S
T /6
2A
z}|{ z}|{
t = 0, 4 s = T + T = Smax khi ST /6max = 2Asin( ) = A = Smax = 3A

2
6
2
= Smax = 60cm
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
10
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Mt vt chuyn ng thng khng i chiu. Trn qung ng AB, vt i na qung ng u vi vn tc
v1 = 20m/s, na qung ng sau vt i vi vn tc v2 = 5m/s. Vn tc trung bnh trn c qung ng l ?
A. 12, 5m/s.
B. 8m/s.
C. 4m/s.
D. 0, 2m/s.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Mt vt chuyn ng thng khng i chiu trn 1 qung ng di 40m. Na qung ng u vt i ht thi
gian t1 = 5s, na qung ng sau vt i ht thi gian t2 = 2s. Tc trung bnh trn c qung ng l ?
A. 7m/s
B. 5, 71m/s
C. 2, 85m/s
D. 0, 7m/s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Con lc l xo treo thng ng. Chn trc to thng ng, gc to v tr cn bng, c chiu dng hng
xm
xung. Ko vt xung mt on x = xm (xm : bin ) ri th nh lc t0 = 0. Thi gian n ln n v tr x =
ln
2
u tin l: ?
3T
T
T
A.
(T l chu k)
B.
( l tn s gc)
C. (T l chu k)
D. (T l chu k)
g
6
g
3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng, u di treo mt vt khi lng m. Chn gc to v tr cn bng, trc
Ox thng ng, chiu dng hng ln. Kch thch qu cu dao ng vi phng trnh:x = 5cos(20t ) cm . Ly
2
g = 10m/s2 . Thi gian vt i t t0 = 0 n v tr l xo khng bin dng ln th nht l: ?
A.
s
B.
s
C.
s
D.
s
30
60
10
120
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ho vi chu k 2s, trn 1 qu o di 6cm. Thi gian vt i c 3cm k t v tr
cn bng l: ?
A. 0, 25s
B. 0, 5s
C. 1s
D. 2s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Mt cht im dao ng iu ha c chu k T. Trong khong thi gian ngn nht khi tc ca vt tng t 0
n gi tr
th cht im c tc trung bnh l ?
2
12A 3
12A(2 3)
6A 3
6A(2 3)
A.
B.
C.
D.
T
T
T
T
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
11
3008
13 Mt con lc l xo dao ng u ha vi chu k T v bin 10cm. Bit trong chu k T ,khong thi gian vt
nh ca con lc c ln gia tc khng vt qu 8m/s2 l T /3. Ly 2 = 10. Tn s dao ng ca vt l ?
A. 8Hz.
B. 6Hz.
C. 2Hz.
D. 1Hz.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Vt nh c khi lng 200g trong mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi chu k T v bin 4cm. Bit trong
T
mt chu k, khong thi gian vt nh c ln gia tc khng nh hn 500 2cm/s2 l . cng ca l xo l ?
2
A. 20N/m.
B. 50N/m.
C. 40N/m.
D. 30N/m.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 ) Mt cht im dao ng iu ho trn trc Ox c vn tc bng 0 ti hai thi im lin tip t1 = 1, 75 s v
t2 = 2, 5 s , tc trung bnh trong khong thi gian l 16 cm/s . To cht im ti thi im t = 0 l ?
A. 4cm
B. 0cm
C. 3cm
D. 8cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng khi cn bng l xo gin 3(cm). B qua mi lc cn. Kch thch cho vt dao
ng iu ho theo phng thng ng th thy thi gian l xo b nn trong mt chu k l T /3( T l chu k dao ng
ca vt). Bin dao ng ca vt bng: ?
A. 9(cm)
B. 3(cm)
C. 3 2(cm)
D. 2 3(cm)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
17 Mt cht im dao dng iu ha vi tn s 10Hz quanh v tr cn bng O, chiu di qu o l: 12cm.Lc t = 0
cht im qua v tr cn bng 3cm theo chiu dng ca trc ta . Sau thi gian t = 11/60(s) cht im qua v tr
cn bng my ln ?
A. 3 ln
B. 2 ln
C. 4 ln
D. 5 ln
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 Mt vt dao ng u ha c chu k T .Nu chn gc thi gian t = 0 lc vt qua v tr cn bng, th trong na
chu l u tin,vn tc ca vt bng khng thi im ?
A. t = T /8
B. t = T /4
C. t = T /6
D. t = T /2.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 Con lc l xo dao ng iu ho trn mt phng ngang vi chu k T = 1, 5s v bin A = 4cm, pha ban u l
5
. Tnh t lc t = 0, vt c to x = 2cm ln th 2005 vo thi im no: ?
6
A. 1503s
B. 1503, 25s
C. 1502, 25s
D. 1503, 375s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
12
3008
20 Mt con lc l xo gm mt khi cu nh gn vo u mt l xo, dao ng iu ha vi bin 3cm dc theo

trc Ox, vi chu k 0, 5s. Vo thi im t = 0, khi cu i qua v tr cn bng. Hi khi cu c ly x = +1, 5cm vo
thi im no? ?
A. t = 0, 042s
B. t = 0, 176s
C. t = 0, 542s
D. A&C
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
2.2.2
CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH

LC KO V HAY LC N HI :
3008
2.2.2.1
13
0
|{z}
x=0
}|
Fmin =
{
2
F = kx = m x
|
{z
}
x=A
z}|{
Fmax = kA =m 2 A
2.2.2.2
LN LC N HI :
lmax =|xmax |=A
Fmax =
Con lc l xo nm ngang: |x|=l =
Fmin =
Con lc l xo dao ng theo phng thng ng:
z}|{
kA
0
|{z}
lmin =|xmin |=0
z
}|
{
Fn hi = kl
{z
mg
g
l =
= 2
Chiu dng hng ln
z
}|
{
Fn hi = k |l x|
Al
z }| {
k(l A)
|=
{z } Fmin = 0
|{z}
Fn hi min
Fn hi max
z }| {
|l
F
=
k
+
x|
=
n hi
|
{z
}
Chiu dng hng xung
Al
Fmax = k(l + A) = mg + kA
2.2.2.3 CHIU DI LN NHT NH NHT,BIN , BIN DNG :
bin dng l xo thng ng khi v tr cn bng
r
z }| {
mg
l
l
=
=
T
=
2
k
gr
l
mgsin
l =
= T = 2
k
g
sin
|
{z
}
bin dng l xo nm trn mt phng nghing 1 gc
Chiu di cc i (khi vt v tr thp nht): lmax =l0 +l+A
z
}|
{
lCB = lmax + lmin
Chiu di l xo ti v tr cn bng : lCB = l0 + l =
l l
{z
}
|
A = max min
Chiu di cc tiu (khi vt v tr cao nht): lmin =l0 +lA
2
Al
z }| {
Fmax l + A
=
=
Fmin l A
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
2.2.2.4 CHU K TN S CT, GHP L XO, KHI LNG TNG HIU :
Ct l xo
z
}|
{
kl = k1 l1 = k1 l1 ..
Ghp ni tip
z
}|
{
1 = 1 + 1
1
1
1
f1 2 f2 2
k = k1 + k2 = f 2
T = T1 2 + T2 2
1 = 1 + 1
k + ... = T 2
T1 2 T2 2
k| = k1 +
{z 2 }
2
f = f1 2 + f2 2
Ghp song song
1
1
1
= 2 2
Khi m=m1 m2 = T
T1
T2
f2 = f 2 f 2
1
2
z
}|
{
m1
T1
f2
2
2
2
2
T
=
T
T
=
=
=
=
1
2
|
{z
}
m
T
f
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
= 2+ 2
T1
T2
Khi m=m1 +m2 = T 2
f2 = f 2+ f 2
1
2
2.2.2.5 NNG LNG :
1
1
Wt = kx2 = k(Acos( t + ))2
2
2
1 2 1
W
=
kv
=
k(Asin( t + ))2
22
2 2 2
= t = 2
m
A
kA
W =

2
2
= f = ft = 2 f
W min =0
T = Tt = T
z }| { 1
kA2
2
W
=
kv
=
max
max
2
2
W
=0
zt min
2
}| {
Wt max = 1 kvmax 2 = kA
2
2
x =
n + 1
W = nWt =
vmax n
v =
n+ 1
A n
x =
W
A2 x2
v2
n+1
=
Wt = nW =
=
=
Wt
x2
vmax 2 v2
v = max
n+1
2.2.2.6
THI GIAN, QUNG NG L XO NN GIN TRONG 1 CHU K :
cos=
z }| {
tnn =
A l : | {z }
Al
t
= T tnn
gin
Snn = 2A(1 cos(

))
Sgin = 4A Snn
A l : L xo ch gin
14
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
2.2.2.7 IU KIN HAI VT CHNG LN NHAU CNG GIA TC :
A 2
A g
2
15
3008
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
16
=10rad/s
=
S:Qung ng vt i c cho n khi ri gi
z
}|
{
z
}| r
{
mg
l =
= 0, 1m
m(g
a)
2m(g
a)
= l = S =
= t =
= 0, 283s
Khi vt ri gi:N=0
k
ka
z
}|
{
N + P + Fh = ma
l = S = at
at 2
l=2cm
x0 =Sl=
z
}|
{
0
A = x 2 + ( )2 = 6cm
= x = 6cos(10t 1, 91)cm
|
{z
}
v0 =at=40 2cm/s
t = 0 v 0
= = 1, 91
6cos = 2
2 Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox vi qu o di 20cm, tn s 0, 5Hz. Mc th nng v tr cn
bng. Tc trung bnh ca cht im trong khong thi gian ngn nht khi cht im i t v tr c ng nng bng
1
3 ln th nng n v tr c ng nng bng ln th nng l?
3
A. 26, 12cm/s
B. 7, 32cm/s
C. 21, 96cm/s
D. 14, 64cm/s
Li gii
A
2
1
A 3
W = Wt = x2 =
3
2
}|
S
x2 x1
v = =
= 21, 96 cm/s
t {z
| T
}
t=
= 3Wt = x1 =
|2 1 |
x = 0 x = A 3 = 2 =
2
3
x = 0 x =
= 1 =
2
4
3 Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha.Bit trong mt chu k, khong thi gian vt nh ca con lc c th nng
khng vut qua mt na ng nng cc i l 1s.Tn s dao ng ca vt l?
A. f = 0, 5Hz
B. f = 1Hz
C. f = 2Hz
D. f = 1, 5Hz
Li gii
A 2
x=0x=
2 = =
4
T
Xt trong
4
z
}|
{
1
A = t
2
Wt = .W max x = f =
= 0, 5Hz
2
2
3 Treo qu cu m=1kg vo l xo c k = 100N/m, g = 10m/s2 . Kch thch cho qu cu dao ng. Bit
trong qu trnh dao ng thi gian l xo gin gp i thi gian l xo nn. Bin dao ng ca qu cu l
A. 10
B. 30
C. 20
D. 15
Li gii
T
T
6
z }| { 12 z
A z}|{
A
0
2
T
4
}| {
A
A
2
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
17
3008
L xo va b gin va nn = Loi A
ng
z Ch A
}|
{
T
T T
6
12 4 z}|{
z}|{
t
= 2t
= A = 20 cm
gin
nn
4 Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha theo phng thng ng vi chu k 0, 4s, bin 8cm. Chn trc xx thng
ng chiu dng hng xung, gc ta ti v tr cn bng, gc thi gian t = 0 khi vt qua v tr cn bng theo
chiu dng. Lyg = 10m/s2 v 2 = 10. Thi gian ngn nht k t t = 0 n khi lc n hi ca l xo c ln cc
tiu l:
7
1
30
A.
s
B.
s
C.
s
D. 30 s
30
30
7
Li gii
7T
12
z
}|
{
T
2
z
}|
{
A
7
x = 0 x = A x = 0 x = = t =
s
2}
30
|
{z
g
A
=4cmA = Fn hi min khi x=
2
2
5 Mt con lc l xo c kch thch dao ng t do vi chu k T = 2s, bit ti thi im t = 0, 1s th ng nng v
th nng bng nhau ln th nht. Ln th 2 ng nng v th nng bng nhau vo thi im?
A. 0.6 s
B. 1, 1 s
C. 1, 6 s
D. 2, 1 s
l0 =
Li gii
C sau nhng khong thi gian l T/4=0,5 th ng nng bng th nng
z
}|
{
Ln th 2 ng nng v th nng bng nhau vo thi im0.1 + 0.5 = 0.6 s
6 Cho mt l xo c khi lng khng ng k v c cng k = 100N/m treo thng ng. Treo vo l xo mt
vt c khi lng m1 = 250g, sau ngi ta treo thm mt vt c khi lng m2 = 100g vo vt m1 bng mt si
dy nh khng dn. Khi h ang cn bng, ngi ta t dy ni gia m1 vi m2 . Sau m1 dao ng iu ha. Ly
g = 10m/s2 . Vn tc cc i ca vt m1 khi dao ng l ?
A. 50cm/s
B. 40cm/s
C. 30cm/s
D. 20cm/s
Li gii
(m1 + m2 )g (m1 )g
A=
k
k
z
}|
{
vmax = A = 20cm/s
7 Mt vt c m = 100 g c mc vo l xo nh k = 100N/m u kia c nh. t vt m = 300g v a h v v
tr l xo nn 4cm sau bung nh.Tnh khong cc gia hai vt khi chng chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau ln u
tin ?
A. 1.14cm
B. 1.24cm
C. 1.34cm
D. 1.44cm
Li giis
vmax =A.
T /4
k
m + m
vmax
= Abin = r . vt m ra bin
k
m
z
}|
{
s = s A = 1.44cm
{z
z
}|
{
T
T
x = 0 x = A = s=vmax . . qung ng m trong
4
4
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
18
3008
8 Cho con lc l xo gm l xo nh c cng K = 50 (N/m) , vt nng kch thc nh c khi lng m = 500 g.
Kch thch cho vt dao ng
iu ha theo phng thng ng. Chn gc thi gian l lc vt qua v tr c li
x = 2, 5 cm vi tc 25 3 (cm/s) theo phng thng ng hng xung di. Chn trc ta Ox theo phng
thng ng, chiu dng hng ln trn, gc O trng vi v tr cn bng ca vt. Ly g = 10(m/s2 ) .Tnh qung
ng i c ca vt k t lc bt u dao ng n khi ti v tr c ng nng bng th nng ln th hai. ?
A. 4, 96 cm
B. 5, 96 cm
C. 7, 96 cm
D. 8, 96 cm
Li gii
= 10(rad/s)
=
m
(
3
=
= x = 5cos(10t + )
x = Acos() = 2, 5
3
A = 5cm
3
v
=
Asin()
=
25
A 2
Theo hnh v ta c
W = Wt = x =
S = 2, 5 + 5 + 5 2, 5 2 8, 96 cm
2 Ban u vt x=2,5 cm i theo chiu m
9 Mt vt nh dao ng iu ho trn mt ng thng nm ngang. Ti thi im ban u (t = 0), vn tc ca vt
c ln 30cm/s v hng theo chiu m ca trc to . T lc t = 0 n lc vn tc bng khng ln th nht, vt
i c qung ng 4, 5cm. Bit rng qung ng vt i c trong 4 chu k dao ng lin tip l 48cm.Tnh
ln vn
tc ca vt ti v tr m ngnng ca vt bng 3 ln th nng
ca n. ?
A. 30 3 (cm/s)
B. 3 30 (cm/s)
C. 15 45 (cm/s)
D. 45 15 (cm/s)
Li gii
S = 4.4A = A = 3cm
v2
2
2
A = x + 2
= = 20 (rad/s)
z
{
}|
3
W = 3Wt = v =
A = 30 3 (cm/s)
2
10 Mt con lc l xo nm ngang c cng K = 40(N / m) , vt nh khi lng m =100(g) . Ban u gi vt sao
cho l xo b nn 10(cm) ri th nh.Xc nh thi im l xo nn 5cm ln th 2010 k t lc th. ?
3015
30
60
6029
A.
s
B.
s
C.
s
D.
s
30
3015
6029
60
Li gii
v2
= A
2
= 20(rad/s)
2 SHIFT cos5/10
t2 =
=
z
}|
{
2010 2
t210 = t2 +
T=
2
= x2 +
6029
s
60
11 Mt l xo nh c chiu di t nhin c treo thng ng, u trn c gi c nh, u di c gn mt

qu cu nh khi lng m. Chn trc Ox thng ng, chiu dng hng xung di, gc O v tr cn bng ca
2
qu cu. Qu cu dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh x = 10cos(t
) cm. Trong qu trnh dao ng ca vt,
3
t s gia ln ln nht v nh nht ca lc n hi ca l xo l 7/3. Tnh chu k dao ng v chiu di ca l xo
ti thi im ban u. Cho g2 (m/s2 ). ?
A. 145 cm
B. 146 cm
C. 147 cm
D. 148 cm
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
19
3008
l + A
Fh max
=
= l
l A
Fh min
k
g
2
= l = l0 + l + x = l = 145 cm
2 = =
= T =
m
l
x = 10cos( 2 ) = 5
3
12 Con lc l xo nh hnh v. Vt nh khi lng m = 200g, l xo l tng c cng k = 1N/cm, gc = 300 .
Ly g = 10m/s2 .Ti thi im t1 l xo khng bin dng. Hi ti t2 = t1 + s, vt c ta bao nhiu. Bit ti

4 5
thi im ban u l xo b dn 2cm v vt c vn tc v0 = 10 15cm/s hng theo chiu dng ?
A. 9 cm
Li gii
= km = gsinl
2
A2 = x2 + v = A,
2
x2 = 3 cm
B. 7 cm
C. 3 cm
D. 5 cm
vt k, v0
vt N, v 0
}| {
z
}|
{z
= x = 2cos(10 5t ) cm = t = 1, 25T = = x2 = 3 cm; x2 = 3 cm =

3
4 5
13 Khi treo vt khi lng m1 = 100g vo mt l xo th l xo c chiu di l1 = 31, 5cm. Treo vt khi lng
m2 = 300g vo l xo ni trn th l xo c chiu di l2 = 34, 3cm. Hy xc nh chiu di t nhin l0 v cng k ca
l xo. Ly g = 9, 8143m/s2 . ?
A. l0 = 0, 3010(m); k = 70, 1021(N/m)
B. l0 = 0, 4010(m); k = 80, 1021(N/m)
C. l0 = 0, 5010(m); k =
90, 1021(N/m)
D. l0 = 0, 6010(m); k = 10, 1021(N/m)
Li gii
(
m1 g = k(l1 l0 )
m2 g = k(l2 l0 )
(
l0 = 0, 3010(m);
=
k = 70, 1021(N/m)
14 Mt con lc loxo treo thng ng vo mt im c nh, khi lng 100g lm cho loxo dn ra 2, 5cm. Ko vt
xung khi v tr cn bng 2cm ri truyn cho vt mt vn tc ban u v0 = 69, 3cm/s 40cm/s theo chiu i xung
thng ng. Tnh lc tc dng vo gi treo khi vt v tr cao nht ?
A. 0, 4(N)
B. 0, 5(N)
C. 0, 6(N)
D. 0, 7(N)
Li gii s
s
v2
k
g
A2 =x2 +(
);=
=
;l=2,5 cm
2
m
l
z
}|
{
F = klmax = m 2 (A l) = 0, 6(N)
15 Mt l xo c chiu di t nhin l0 = 20cm. L xo treo thng ng, u di gn vo vt m = 100g. Khi h cn
bng l xo di 22, 5cm. T v tr cn bng ko vt xung thng ng ti khi l xo di 26, 5cm v bung nh. Ly
g = 10m/s2 . ?
A. 3 F 6 5
B. 2 F 6 4
C. 1 F 6 2
D. 0 F 6 3
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
20
(m + m)g
;A=4,5 cm
k
z
}|
{
Fmin = 0 (A l0 ) F 6 Fmax = k(l0 + A) = 0 F 6 3
16 Mt con lc l xo t nm ngang gm vt M c khi lng 400g v l xo c h s cng 40N/m ang dao ng
iu ha xung quanh v tr cn bng vi bin 5cm. Khi M qua v tr cn bng ngi ta th nh vt m c khi lng
100gln M (m dnh cht
sau h m v Mdao ng vi bin ?
ngay vo M),
A. 2 5
B. 3 7
C. 4 9
D. 5 13
3008
l0 =
Li gii
Vn tc ca M khi qua VTCB: vmax = A
mvmax
Vn tc ca hai vt sau khi m dnh vo M : v =

= A = 2 5
m
+
M
C nng ca h khi m dnh vo M : W = 1 kA2 = 1 (m + M)v2

2
2
16 Mt con lc l xo v treo thng ng . Kch thch cho con lc dao ng iu ho vi bin A = 2cm. Ti thi
im ban u qu cu c vn tc v = 20 3 cm/s v gia tc a = 4m/s2 . Hy tnh chu k ca con lc l xo?
A.
s
B.
s
C.
s
D.
s
10
20
30
40
Li gii
v2
a2
+
= A2 4 v2 2 a2 = 0 = = 20 (rad/s) = T =
2
4
2
2
A
A
10
17 Mt l xo c cng k = 54N/m, mt u c nh, u kia gn vt M = 240g ang ng yn trn mt phng
nm ngang. Bi khi lng m = 10g bay vi vn tc V0 = 10m/s theo phng ngang n va chm vi M. B qua ma
st, cho va chm l n hi xuyn tm. Vit phng trnh dao ng ca M sau va chm. Chn gc ta l v tr cn
bng ca M, chiu dng l chiu va chm, gc thi gian l lc va chm.?
A. x = 5, 3cos(15t ) cm
2
C. x = 5cos(15t ) cm
2
B. x = 3, 5cos(15t + ) cm
2
D. x = 5cos(15t + ) cm
2
Li gii
BT ng lng : mv0 = mv0 + Mv

1
1
1
BT ng nng : mv0 2 + mv0 2 + mv2
2
2
2
2.2.4
v
= A = A
max
2mv0
Qua v tr cn bn; v0
= v =
=
z }| {
m+M
=
2
= x = 5, 3cos(15t
) cm
2
CC BI TP NGH
1 Trong dao ng iu ho ca mt vt thi gian ngn nht gia hai ln lin tip vt i qua v tr ng nng bng
th nng l , 66s. Gi s ti thi mt thi im vt i qua v tr c th nng Wt , ng nng W v sau thi gian t
vt i qua v tr c ng nng tng gp 3 ln, th nng gim 3ln. Gi tr nh nht ca t bng. Khi vt ln ti v tr
cao nht v dng li, t nh nhng ln vt gia trng m = 20g. H dao ng iu ho .Tnh gii hn bin thin ca
ln lc n hi. ?
A. 0, 88s
B. 0, 22s;
C. 0, 44s.
D. 0, 11s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi bin 4cm, c sau mt khong thi gian 1/4 giy th ng nng li bng th
nng. Qung ng ln nht m vt i c trong khong thi gian 1/6 giy l ?
A. 4cm.
B. 2cm.
C. 8cm.
D. 6cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
21
3008
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Mt con lc l xo gm vt nng c khi lng m = 100g, cng K = 100N/m(l xo c khi lng khng ng
k) dao ng iu ha. Trong qu trnh dao ng iu ha ti v tr c li x = 1cm th th nng ca vt bng 1/8
ng nng ca vt. ln gia tc cc i ca vt l: ?
A. 1m/s2 .
B. 3m/s2 .
C. 10m/s2 .
D. 20m/s2 .
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Mt con lc l xo gm l xo nh v vt nh dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang vi tn s gc 10rad/s. Bit
rng khi ng nng v th nng (ly mc th nng v tr cn bng ca vt) bng nhau th vn tc ca vt c ln
bng 0, 6m/s. Bin dao ng ca con lc l ?
A. 6cm.
B. 6 2cm.
C. 12cm
D. 12 2cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Mt l xo treo thng ng c k = 20N/m, khi lng m = 200g. T v tr cn bng nng vt ln mt on 5cm
ri bung nh. Ly g = 10m/s2 .Chn chiu dng hng xung. Gi tr cc i ca lc ko v v lc n hi l: ?
A. Fkvmax = 1N; Fhmax = 3N
B. Fkvmax = 2N; Fhmax = 5N
C. Fkvmax = 2N; Fhmax = 3N
D. Fkvmax = 0, 4N; Fhmax = 0, 5N
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Gn mt vt c khi lng 400g vo u cn li ca mt l xo treo thng ng th khi vt cn bng l xo gin
mt on 10cm. T v tr cn bng ko vt xung di mt on 5cm theo phng thng ng ri bung cho vt dao
ng iu ha. K t lc th vt n lc vt i c mt on 7cm, th lc ln lc n hi tc dng ln vt l
bao nhiu? Ly g = 10m/s2 . ?
A. 2, 8N.
B. 2, 0N
C. 4, 8N.
D. 3, 2N.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng, khi vt v tr cn bng 6cm. Kch thch cho vt dao ng u ha th thy l
2T
xo gin trong 1 chu k l
(T l chu k dao ng ca vt). gin ln nht ca l xo trong qu trnh dao ng l ?
3
A. 12cm.
B. 18cm.
C. 9cm.
D. 24cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng, khi vt treo cn bng th l xo gin 1, 5cm. Kch thch cho vt dao ng t do
theo phng thng ng vi bin A = 3cm th trong mt chu k dao ng T , thi gian l xo khng b nn l ?
T
2T
T
T
A.
B.
C.
D.
6
3
4
3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng ang dao ng iu ho. Bit qung ng ngn nht m vt i c trong
2/15 giy l 8cm, khi vt i qua v tr cn bng l xo gin 4cm, gia tc ri t do g = 10m/s2 , ly 2 10. Vn tc
cc i ca dao ng ny l ?
A. 45cm/s
B. 40cm/s
C. 30cm/s
D. 50cm/s
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
22
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 Con lc l xo gm vt nng c khi lng m = 100g, v l xo c cng k = 100N/m c cng bc bi mt
ngoi lc c bin F khng i nhng tn s thay i c. Vi gi tr no trong 2 gi tr f1 = 4 Hz, f2 = 8 Hzth
bin dao ng cng bc c gi tr ln hn: ?
A. f2
B. f1
C. bin khng i
D. Cha kt lun c.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Mt vt c khi lng m = 100g c mc vo 1 l xo nh c k = 100N/m, u kia c ni vi tng. B qua
ma st trong qu trnh chuyn ng. t vt th 2 c khi lng m = 300g v a h v v tr l xo nn 4cm sau
bung nh. Tnh khong cch gia hai vt khi hai vt chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau ln u tin: ?
A. 10, 28cm
B. 5, 14cm
C. 1, 14cm
D. 2, 28cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Con lc l xo treo thng ng vi chu k T = 0, 4s, bin A = 6s, vt nng c khi lng m = 200g. Lc nn
cc i tc dng ln im treo l ?
A. 1N
B. 5N
C. 2N
D. 0N
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13
Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi tn s f = 5Hz. Ti thi im vt c ng nng bng th nng. Ti thi im
k
t2 = t1 +
s vi k l s nguyn l th ng nng ca vt: ?
40
A. Bng 0 hoc bng c nng.
B. Bng c nng
C. Bng th nng
D. Bng th nng hoc bng 0.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Gn mt vt c khi lng 400g vo u cn li ca mt l xo treo thng ng th khi vt cn bng l xo gin
mt on 10cm. T v tr cn bng ko vt xung di mt on 5cm theo phng thng ng ri bung cho vt dao
ng iu ha. K t lc th vt n lc vt i c mt on 7cm, th lc ln lc n hi tc dng ln vt l
bao nhiu? Ly g = 10m/s2 ?
A. 2, 8N
B. 4, 8N
C. 2, 0N
D. 3, 2N.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Mt l so rt nh u trn gn c nh , u di gn vt nh c khi lng m .Chn trc Ox thng ng gc
O trng vi v tr cn bng .Vt dao ng iu ha trn Ox theo phng trnh x = 10sin(10t) cm. Khi vt v tr cao
nht th lc n hi c ln l : (ly g = 10m/s2 ?
A. 0N
B. 1N
C. 2, 8N
D. 1, 8N
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
23
3008
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi bin 6cm v chu k 1s. Ti t = 0, vt i qua v tr cn bng theo
chiu m ca trc to . Tng qung ng i c ca vt trong khong thi gian 2, 375s k t thi im c
chn lm gc l ?
A. 55, 76cm
B. 48cm
C. 50cm
D. 42cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
17 Con lc l xo treo thng ng, ti v tr cn bng l xo dn mt on l . Kch thch qu nng dao ng iu
ha theo phng thng ng vi chu k T . Thi gian l xo b nn trong mt chu k l T /4. Bin dao ng ca vt
bng ?
3
3
B. 2l0
C. l0
D. 2l0
A. l0
2
2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 Con lc l xo gm vt c khi lng m gn vo l xo c cng k t nm ngang dao ng iu ho, mc th
nng v tr cn bng, khi th nng bng 1/3 ng nng th lc n hi tc dng ln vt c ln bng ?
A. mt na lc n hi cc i;
B. 1/3 lc n hi cc i
C. 1/4 lc n hi cc i;
D. 2/3 lc n hi cc i.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 Mt l xo t thng ng, u di c nh, u trn gn vt, sao cho vt dao ng iu ha theo phng thng
ng trng vi trc ca l xo vi bin l A, vi chu k 3(s). nn ca l xo khi vt v tr cn bng l A/2. Thi
gian ngn nht k t khi vt v tr thp nht n khi l xo khng bin dng l ?
A. 1(s)
B. 1, 5(s)
C. 0, 75(s)
D. 0, 5(s)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
20 Mt con lc l xo, khi lng ca vt bng 2 kg dao ng theo phng trnh x = Acos(t + ) . C nng dao
ng E = 0, 125(J). Ti thi im ban u vt c vn tc v0 = 0, 25m/s v gia tc 6, 25 3 (m/s) . cng ca l

xo l ?
A. 150(N/m)
B. 425(N/m)
C. 625(N/m)
D. 100(N/m)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
21 Mt con lc l xo gm mt l xo nh v mt vt nng c khi lng m1 . Con lc dao ng iu ha vi chu k
T1 . Thay vt m1 bng vt c khi lng m2 v gn vo l xo ni trn th h dao ng iu ha vi chu k T2 . Nu ch
gnrvo l xo y mt vt c khi lng m = 2m1 + 3m2 th h dao
r ng iu ha vi chu k bng ?
p
p
(T1 )2 (T2 )2
(T1 )2 (T2 )2
A.
+
B. 3(T1 )2 + 2(T2 )2
C.
+
D. 2(T1 )2 + 3(T2 )2
2
3
3
2
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
22 Mt con lc l xo t trn mt phng nm ngang gm l xo nh c mt u c nh , u kia gn vi vt nh m1

. Ban u gi vt m1 ti v tr m l xo b nn 6cm , t vt nh m2 c khi lng gp i m1 trn mt phng nm
ngang v st vi m1 . Bung nh hai vt bt u chuyn ng theo phng ca trc l xo. B qua ma st . thi
im l xo c chiu di cc i ln u tin th khong cch gia hai vt m1 v m2 l bao nhiu ?
A. 1, 97cm.
B. 2, 3cm.
C. 5, 7cm.
D. 4, 6cm.
Li gii
2.3. CON LC N
2.3.1
C S L THUYT:
M t:
Con lc n gm: qu cu nh khi lng m c treo bng dy mnh khng gin di .
Phng trnh dao ng.
Tc dng vo qu cu gm 2 lc: P, T
n dc theo khung dy
Theo nh lut II N: P + T = ma (1) .Phn tch P thnh Pt vung gc khung dy . P
Chiu (1) ln phng trnh tip tuyn: P1 = ma mgsin = mS nu 100 th sin t 2 = g
= S + 2 s = 0 Phng trnh ny c nghim l: S = S0 cos(t + ) do = s nn = 0 cos(t + )
l
(
Ch :Nu coi qu o l thng th ta c x = Acos(t + )
Con lc ch dao ng iu ha khi gc nh 100

0
24
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
25
3008
r
l
Chu k dao ng: T = 2
Chu k dao ng ca con lc n ph thuc vo cao, v a l v nhit ca mi trng.
V gia tc ri t do g ph thuc vo cao so vi mt t v v a l,chiu di ca con lc ph thuc vo nhit .
Khi a con lc ln cao gia tc ri t do gim nn chu k tng. Chu k t l nghch vi cn bc hai ca gia tc.
Khi nhit tng, chiu di con lc tng nn chu k tng. Chu k t l thun vi cn bc hai chiu di con lc.
Nng lng
Kho st nh tnh s bin i nng lng:
Ko con lc lch khi VTCB, ta d tr cho n 1 th nng.
Khi bung tay thnh phn lm qu cu chuyn ng nhanh dn v VTCB.Khi : E tng dn, Et gim dn.
n VTCB, Et = 0, cn Emax
Do qun tnh, qu cu vt qua VTCB, thnh phn ngc chiu C lm qu cu C chm dn n v = 0. Khi :
E gim n 0 , E tng n max
Na chu k sau qu trnh bin i nng lng nh na chu k u xt.
Nhn xt: Trong qu trnh dao ng ca con lc n, khi E gim th Et tng v ngc li
Kho st nh lng.
Gi s: = 0 cos(t + ); S = S0 cos(t + ) = v = s = S0 sin(t + )
E
=
mgl(1
cos())Do
nh
nn
coi
1
cos()
Th
nng
thi
im
t
bt
k:
2
(0 cos(t + ))2
= Et = mgl
= Et = mgl
2
2
mv2
m(S0 sin(t + ))2
ng
nng
thi
im
t
bt
k:
E
=
=
2
2
(0 sin(t + ))2
2= g
= E = mgl
S
=
l
2
2
C nng thi im t bt k: E = E + Et = mgl(0 ) = mg(0 )
2
2l
Nhn
xt:
Trong qu trnh dao ng, th nng v ng nng bin thin iu ha theo thi gian t vi tn s gc 2
Trong qu trnh dao ng, E con lc khng i v t l vi bnh phng bin
Do c nng khng i nn E qu cu tng bao nhiu th Et gim by nhiu v ngc li
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
2.3.2
3008
2.3.2.1 PHNG TRNH DAO NG, VN TC, GIA TC,TN S GC,CHU K, TN S, BIN :
0
0 610
,0 6100 z,}|
z
}|
{
S
=
l
0
0
s
=
l
z}|{
z}|{
s =
S0 cos(t + )
cos(t
+ )
|v|max =S0 =0 gl
z
}|
p{
v
=
S
=
gl
+
0
0
maxcb
v
=
S
sin(t
+
)
=
0
vmaxcb = S0 = 0 gl
=0
z }| {
|v|min = 0
|a|max = 2 S0
z
}|
{
a
=
S
+
maxcb
0
amaxcb = 2 S0
a = 2 S0 cos(t + ) = 2 s = |a| = 0
min
a
=
2 S = 2 l
v2 2
a
2 + a2 =
) + ( 2 .s)2
a
(
=
n
Ton
phn
p
p
r
gl(cos cos0 )
gl(0 2 2 )
g 2
=
=
= 2 f = p
= p
2 ( 2 2 )
l
T
l
l 2 (0 2 2 )
0
|
{z
}
,0 6100
T = 2
1
g
f
=
2s l
2gl(1 cos0 )
gl(0 2 2 )
0 gl
=
=
l0 = (l) +
|
{z
} | {z
|
{z
}
vmax
,0 6100
,0 6100
2.3.2.2 TC , LC CNG :
vmin =0
z p
}|
{ q
v
=
gl(cos
cos
= lg(0 2 2 )
0
|
{z
}
|
{z
}
,0 6100
vmax = 2gl(1cos0 )=0 gl
| {z }
,0 6100
0 2
)
min =mgcos0 =mg(1
|
{z 2 }
,0 6100
z
}|
{
mg(3cos
2cos
)
|
{z
}
=mg(32cos
)=
mg(1
+
0 2 )
max
0
|
{z
}
0
,0 610
26
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
27
3008
2.3.2.3 H THC C LP :
2
2+ v
S
=
S
2
2
2
0 = S +
gl
a2
v2
2
S0 = 4 + 2
2.3.2.4 NNG LNG :
mgl
(0 2 2 )
E = mgl(cos cos0 ) =
= t = 2
|
{z
}
,
610
0
= f = ft = 2 f
mgl 2 m 2 2
E
=
mgl(1
cos)
=
T = Tt = T
t
2
2
2
|
{z
}
0
,
610
mgl 2 mg 2 m 2 2
E = mgl(cos cos0 ) ==
0 =
S0 = S0
2l {z
2
|2
}
n+1
W = nWt =
0 gln
v =
n
+1
0 n
x =
n+ 1
W
=
nW
=
t
0 gl
v =
n+1
,0 6100
2.3.2.5 BIN THIN CHU K :
T
l
g
t
hcao
hsu
+
+
+
T
2l
2g
2
R
| {z }
| {z }
| 2R
{z }
|{z}
|{z}
Thay i chiu di Thay i gia tc Thay i nhit Thay i cao Thay i su
Thi gian nhanh chm
z
}|
{
n=1h=3600 (s)
z }| {
n (s)
| {z }
n=1 ngy=24.3600 (s)
T 0: Con lc chy nhanh
z
}|
{
| {z }
T
0:
Con
lc chy chm
2.3.2.6
TREO TRONG THANG MY CHUYN NG :
ng yn, chuyn ng u: a=0; g =g
}|
z }| {
g = g a
{z
Ln nhanh dn,xung chm dn vi: a0; g g
xung nhanh dn,ln chm dn vi: a0; g g
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
2.3.2.7
28
T TRONG IN TRNG U :
3008
Hng sang phi: g2 =g2 +(
qE 2
)
m
}|
{
|q| E
g = g+
:Chiu dng hng xung
|
{z m }
q0; q0
}|
|q| E
g = g
m
{z
q0; q0
}|
{
|q| E
g = g+
:Chiu dng hng ln
m
2.3.2.8 TC DNG LC QUN TNH :
g =g+a0 :im treo con lc c gia tc a0 hng thng ng ln trn
z
}|
{
g = g a0
|
{z
}
g =ga0 :im treo con lc c gia tc a0 hng thng xung di
2 = g2 + a 2 :im treo con lc c gia tc a
g
0 hng sang phi
2
2
2
0
g = g + a0 2ga0 cos( + 90 ):im treo con lc c gia tc a0 hng xin ln mt gc :
g2 = g2 + a 2 2ga cos(900 ):im treo con lc c gia tc a hng xin xung mt gc :

0
0
0
2.3.2.9
CHU K CON LC N C CHIU DI TNG HIU:
Khi l1 l2 th T 2 =T1 2 T2 2
}|
{
l1
T1
f2
2
T 2 = T1 2 T2 2 =
=
=
=
|
{z
}
l2
T2
f1
2
Khi l1 +l2 th T+ 2 =T1 2 +T2 2
2.3.2.10 CON LC TRNG PHNG:
t = T1 T2
T2 T1
t = aT = bT
1
t = N1 T1 = N2 T2 =
N1
T2
a
=
=
= tmin = aT1 = bT2
N2
T1
b
|{z}
Ti gin
I
CHU K, GIA TC, CHIU DI TNG GIM THEO %:
|T T1 |
2
.100%
|g T1 g |
2
1
.100%
g
1
|l
|
2 l1 .100%
l1
2.3.3
NG DNG GII TON
1 Hai con lc n treo cnh nhau c chu k dao ng nh l T 1 = 4s v T 2 = 4, 8s. Ko hai con lc lch mt gc
nh nh nhau ri ng thi bung nh. Hi sau thi gian ngn nht bao nhiu th hai con lc s ng thi tr li v
tr ny:
A. 8, 8s
B. 12s.
C. 6, 248s.
D. 24s
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
t = N1 T1 = N2 T2 =
29
N1
T2
6
=
=
= tmin = 4.6 = 5.4, 8 = 24s
N2
T1
5
|{z}
Ti gin
2 Dng cc chp sng tun hon chu k 2s chiu sng mt con lc n ang dao ng. Ta thy, con lc dao ng
biu kin vi chu k 30 pht vi chiu dao ng biu kin cng chiu dao ng tht. Chu k dao ng tht ca con
lc l:
A. 2, 005s
B. 1, 978s.
C. 2, 001s.
D. 1, 998s.
Li gii
T1 T2
= T1 = 1, 998s.
t =
T2 T1
3 Hai con lc n c chiu di l L1&L2(L1 L2) Hai con lc c chu k dao ng gn bng nhau, con lc 1 c
chu k T 1 = 2s quan st hai con lc dao ng ngi ta nhn thy c sau mt khong thi gian t = 200s th hai con
lc qua VTCB cng 1 lc v cng 1 chiu (hin tng ny gi l hin tng trng phng) Tnh chu k dao ng ca
con lc ?
A. 2, 02s
B. 1, 978s.
C. 2, 001s.
D. 1, 998s.
Li gii
T1 T2
= T2 = 2, 02s.
t =
T2 T1
4 Mt con lc n c chiu di 0, 992m, qu cu nh 25(g). Cho n dao ng ti ni c gia tc trng trng
9, 8m/s2 vi bin gc 40 , trong mi trng c lc cn tc dng. Bit con lc n ch dao ng c 50(s) th
dng hn. Xc nh hao ht c nng trung bnh sau 1 c nng trung bnh sau 1 chu k ?
A. 23, 7.106 .
B. 22, 8.106 .
C. 21, 7.106 .
D. 25, 2.106 .
Li
gii r
l
T = 2
= 2(s) = W = mgl(1 cos 0 ) = 5, 92.104 (J)
S chu k thc hin

= W = 5,92.10
23, 7.106
25
z
}|
{
N = 50 = 25 (chu k)
2
9 Mt con lc n gm vt c th tch 2cm3 ,c khi lng ring 4000kg/m3 dao ng trong khng kh c T = 2s
ti ni c g = 10m/s2 , khi con lc dao ng trong mt cht kh c khi lng ring 3kg/lt th chu k ca n l ?
A. T = 1s
B. T = 4s
C. T = 3s
D. T = 2s
Li gii

Dkh 3000kg/m3

1
g =1
=

Dvt 4000kg/m3
T1 = T
}| s
{
g
10
=2
= 4s
g
2, 5
10 Ngi ta a 1 ng h qu lc t TRI T ln mt trg m khng iu chnh li , bit gia tc ri t do trn

1
MT TRNG bng gia tc ri t do trn TRI T, coi nhit nh nhau theo ng h ny ( trn mt trng )
6
th thi gian tri t t quay 1 vng l? ?
A. 9.8h
B. 1.8h
C. 8.1h
D. 8.9h
Li gii
T
) = 9.8h
T
11 Mt con lc n c m1 = 400g; l = 160 cm. Ban u ngi ta ko vt lch v tr cn bng 1 gc 60 ri th nh
cho vt dao ng. Khi qua VTCB vt va chm mm vi vt m2 = 100g ng yn. Ly g = 10 m/s2 . Khi bin
gc con lc sau khi va chm l ? ?
A. 530 13
B. 470 16
C. 770 36
D. gi tr khc
= 24h 86400(1
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
Qua v tr cn bng: =0,0 =600
z
}|
{
v1 = 2gl(cos cos0 )
0 gc lch max ; =0
z
}|
{
p
v
=
2gl(cos
cos
0)
2 Bo ton ng lng.
z
}|
{
v1 = 4v2 = 3, 2(m/s2 )
30
= 0 = 470 16
12 Mt con lc n gm mt qu cu nh c khi lng m = 6g, ng knh d = 1cm v mt si dy nh c chiu

di l = 1m. Cho con lc ln lt dao ng trong chn khng v khng kh. Tnh sai lch ca chu k khi xt n
tc dng ca lc nng Archimede ca khng kh. Cho bit khi lng ring ca khng kh l 1, 2g/dm3 , gia tc ri
t do ti ni dao ng: g = 9, 8m/s2 . ?
A. 0, 1051103 s
B. 0, 2051103 s
C. 0, 3051103 s
D. 0, 4051103 s
Li gii
vD0
)
m
}|
s
g =g(1
t = 2
r
l
g
1) = 2
(
g
g
{
4r3
d 3
1
1
r
r
(
(
)D
)D0 1
0
l
l
l
vD0
3
6
2
2
((1
) 1) = 2
((1
) 1) = 2
((1
) 2 1) =
g
m
g
m
g
m
0, 1051103 s
13 Coi rng con lc ng h l mt con lc n, thanh treo lm bng vt liu c h s n di l = 3.105 K 1 v
ng h chy ng 300C. ng h vo phng lnh 50C. Hi mt tun l sau ng h chy nhanh hay chm
bao nhiu?
A. chy nhanh ; 317,7703s.
B. chy nhanh; 713,7703s.
C. chy chm ; 713,7703s.
D. chy chm ; 317,7703s.
Li gii
t2 t1 = l2 l1 = T2 T1 =
t = 7.24.3600( p
ng h chy nhanh
}|
1
1 + (t2 t1 ) 1
) = 317, 7703s
14 Con lc n gm: dy c chiu di l = 60cm v qu cu khi lng = 10g tch in q = 3.104 C. t con lc
trong in trng u c phng vung gc vi dy treo v cng in trng c ln E = 103 V/m. Khi qu
cu cn bng v tr B ngi ta t ngt i chiu ca in trng E , xc nh vn tc cc i ca qu cu trong
qu trnh vt chuyn ng ?
A. vmax =
4glcos
sin
r
B. vmax =
2gl(1 2cos)
C. vmax =
cos
2gl(1 2sin)
cos
r
D. vmax =
2glcos
sin
Li gii
Ti v tr cn bng
trng lc biu kin

Ti v tr D bt k: vmax khi cos =1
}|
{ Xt trong
r
z }| {
z
{
p }|
F
2gl(1 2cos)
g
0
tan =
= 3 = = 60 ;
gbk =
= vD = 2gbk l(cos cos) = vmax =
p
cos
cos
|
{z
}
t ngt i chiu in trng vt s chuyn ng n v tr i xng vi B qua v tr cn bng: =2
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
31
3008
15 Con lc n gm mt vt nh khi lng m treo vo si dy nh khng dn chiu di l. Kch thch cho con lc
dao ng iu ha vi chu k T. Ly g = 10m/s2 v 2 10. Gi s bin dao ng l A. Tm thi gian ngn nht
vt m i t li A/2 n li A?
A. 0, 555 s
B. 0, 222 s
C. 0, 444 s
D. 0, 333 s
Li gii
T
0, 333 s
3
2.3.4
CC BI TP NGH
1 Mt con lc n c chiu di 44cm, c treo vo trn mt toa xe la. Con lc b kch ng mi khi bnh ca toa
xe gp ch ni gia hai thanh ray. Chiu di mi thanh ray l 12, 5m. Ly g = 9, 8m/s2 . Con lc dao ng mnh nht
khi tu chy thng u vi vn tc : ?
A. V = 45km/h.
B. V = 34km/h.
C. V = 10, 7km/h.
D. V = 106km/h.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Mt con lc n c to thnh bng mt dy di khi lng khng ng k, mt u c nh, u kia treo mt
hn bi nh bng kim loi c khi lng m = 20g, mang in tch q = 4.107C. t con lc trong mt in trng
u c vc t E nm ngang. Cho g = 10m/s2 , chu k con lc khi khng c in trng l T = 2s. Chu k dao ng
ca con lc khi E = 103V /cm l: ?
A. 2s.
B. 2, 236s.
C. 1, 98s.
D. 1, 826s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Mt con lc n c chu k T = 1s trong vng khng c in trng, qu lc c khi lng m = 10g bng kim
loi mang in tch q = 105C. Con lc c em treo trong in trng u gia hai bn kim loi phng song song
mang in tch tri du , t thng ng, hiu in th gia hai bn bng 400V . Kch thc cc bn kim loi rt ln
so vi khong cch d = 10cm gia chng. Gi l gc hp bi con lc vi mt phng thng ng khi con lc v
tr cn bng. hy xc nh : ?
A. = 260 34
B. = 210 48
C. = 160 42
D. = 320 31
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Mt con lc n c chu k T=1s trong vng khng c in trng, qu lc c khi lng m = 10g bng kim loi
mang in tch q = 105C. Con lc c em treo trong in trng u gia hai bn kim loi phng song song
mang in tch tri du , t thng ng, hiu in th gia hai bn bng 400V . Kch thc cc bn kim loi rt ln
so vi khong cch d = 10cm ga chng. Tm chu k con lc khi dao ng trong in trng gia hai bn kim loi. ?
A. 0, 964
B. 0, 928s
C. 0, 631s
D. 0, 215s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Hai con lc l xo ging nhau c khi lng vt nng 10(g), cng l xo 100 2 N/m dao ng iu ha dc
theo hai ng thng song song k lin nhau (v tr cn bng hai vt u gc ta ). Bin ca con lc th nht
ln gp i con lc th hai. Bit rng hai vt gp nhau khi chng chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau. Khong thi gian
gia 2011 ln hai vt nng gp nhau lin tip l ?
A. 10, 05(s)
B. 40, 2s
C. 20, 1s
D. 40, 22s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
32
3008
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Mt con lc n c chiu di 1(m) dao ng ti ni c g = 10(m/s2 ), pha di im treo theo phng thng
ng, cch im treo 50(cm) ngi ta ng mt chic inh sao cho con lc vp vo inh khi dao ng. Ly 2 = 10.
Chu k dao ng vi bin nh ca con lc l ?
A. T = 2(s).
B. T 1, 71(s).
C. T 0, 85(s).
D. T 0, 58(s).
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Hai cht im m1 v m2 cng bt u chuyn ng t im M trn ng trn c bn knh R ln lt vi cc vn
tc gc 1 = (rad/s) v 2 = (rad/s) theo hai hng ngc nhau. Gi P1 v P2 l hai im chiu ca m1 v m2 trn
trc Ox nm ngang i qua tm vng trn. Khong thi gian ngn nht m hai im P1 v P2 gp li nhau sau bng
bao nhiu? ?
A. 2s
B. 4s
C. 8s
D. 12s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Mt con lc n gm mt dy kim loi nh c u trn c nh, u di c treo qu cu nh bng kim loi.
Chiu di ca dy treo l l = 1m. Ly g = 9, 8m/s2 . Ko vt nng ra khi v tr cn bng mt gc 0, 1rad ri th nh
vt dao ng iu ho. Con lc dao ng trong t trng u c vect B vung gc vi mt phng dao ng ca
con lc. Cho B = 0, 5T . Sut in ng cc i xut hin gia hai u dy kim loi l: ?
A. 0, 3915V
B. 1, 566V
C. 0, 0783V
D. 2, 349V
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Mt con lc n c tn s f. Thay qu cu treo vo con lc bng qu cu khc c khi lng gp 16 ln. Ngi ta
thy gia tc ca con lc lc v tr bin c ln bng mt na gi tr cc i ca gia tc ban u. Tn s f v bin
dao ng A ca con lc mi l: ?
A. f = f ; A = A/2
B. f = 4 f ; A = A/32
C. f = f ; A = 2A
D. f = 16 f ; A = A/512
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 Mt toa xe trt khng ma st trn mt ng dc xung di, gc nghing ca dc so vi mt phng nm
ngang l = 300 . Treo ln trn toa xe mt con lc n gm dy treo chiu di l = 1(m) ni vi mt qu cu nh.
Trong thi gian xe trt xung, kch thch cho con lc dao ng iu ho vi bin gc nh. B qua ma st, ly
g = 10m/s2 . Chu k dao ng ca con lc l ?
A. 2, 135s
B. 2, 315s
C. 1, 987s
D. 2, 809s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Mt con lc n, ban u dy treo lch khi phng thng ng mt gc = 600 v th cho dao ng. B qua
mi ma st, dao ng ca con lc l ?
A. dao ng tun hon.
B. dao ng tt dn.
C. dao ng iu ho.
D. dao ng duy tr.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
33
3008
12 Mt con lc n c chiu di l = 1m, vt nng l qu cu bng thp khi lng m. Pha di im treo I trn
phng thng ng ti im I vi II = 75cm c ng mt ci inh sao cho con lc vng vo inh khi dao ng.
Chu k dao ng ca con lc l (Ly g = 2 ). ?
A. 1s.
B. 2s.
C. 3s.
D. 1, 5s.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 Treo mt con lc n vo trn thang my. Khi thang my chuyn ng u th chu k con lc l T0 = 1s . Cho
thang my chuyn ng chm dn u xung di vi gia tc 2g (g l gia tc ri t do) th chu k mi ca con lc l:
A. B. 1s C. D.
?
1
1
1
A. s
B. 1 s
C. s
D. s
3
5
2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Treo mt con lc n vo trn mt chic xe ri cho xe chuyn ng khng ma st trn mt mt phng nghing .
0
Khigc nghing l v
90 th chu k dao ng ca con lc ln lt l T1 &T2 . T s T1 /T2 l: ?
B. tan
C. cot
D. tan
A. cot
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Con lc Phuc treo trong nh th thnh Ixac Xanh Ptecbua l mt con lc n c chiu di 98m. Gia tc
trng trng Xanh Ptecbua l 9, 819m/s2 . Nu mun con lc khi treo H Ni vn dao ng vi chu k nh
Xanh Ptecbua th phi thay i di ca n nh th no ? Bit gia tc trng trng ti H Ni l 9, 793m/s2 . ?
A. Gim 0,35m.
B. Gim 0,26m.
C. Gim 0,26cm.
D. Tng 0,26m
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 Khi lng v bn knh ca hnh tinh X ln hn khi lng v bn knh ca Tri t 2 ln. Chu k dao ng ca
con lc ng h trn Tri t l 1s. Khi a con lc ln hnh tinh th chu k ca n s l bao nhiu? (coi nhit
khng i ).
?
1
A.
B. 2
C. 1/2s.
D. 2s.
2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
17 Mt ng h qu lc hot ng nh duy tr dao ng mt con lc n, c chiu di dy treo khng thay i, chy
ng trn Tri t. Ngi ta a ng h ny ln Ha tinh m khng chnh li. Bit khi lng ca Ha tinh bng
0, 107 ln khi lng Tri t v bn knh sao ha bng 0, 533 ln bn knh Tri t. Sau mt ngy m trn Tri
t ng h trn Ha tinh ch thi gian l:
?
A. 9, 04h.
B. 14, 73h.
C. 39, 12h.
D. 63, 71h.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
34
3008
18 Hai con lc n treo ti hai im khc nhau cng mt ni. Ti t=0 ngi ta ng thi a con lc th nht
n v tr c gc lch nh a1 so vi phng thng ng v con lc th hai n v tr c gc lch nh a2 = 2a1 so vi
phng thng ng ri cng bung nh. Bit thi im con lc th nht qua v tr cn bng ln u l 0, 2s. Vy thi
im con lc th hai qua v tr cn bng ln u l:
?
A. 0, 4s
B. 0, 3s
C. 0, 1s
D. 0, 2s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 Mt con lc n gm mt vt nh c treo vo u di ca 1 si dy khng dn, u trn ca si dy c
buc c nh. B qua ma st v lc cn ca khng kh. Ko con lc lch khi phng thng ng gc 0, 1rad ri th
nh . T s gia ln gia tc ca vt ti VTCB v ln gia tc ti bin bng: ?
A. 10
B. 0
C. 0, 1
D. 5, 73
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
20 Mt con lc n c gn vo trn mt thang my. Chu k dao ng nh ca con lc n khi thang my ng
yn l T, khi thang my ri t do th chu k dao ng nh ca con lc n l ?
A. 0.
B. 2T.
C. v cng ln.
D. T.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
21 Mt con lc n c treo vo trn mt t ang chuyn ng trn mt ng nm ngang . Ta thy rng:
- khi xe chuyn ng thng u th chu k dao ng l T1 - khi xe chuyn ng thng nhanh dn u vi gia tc a th
chu k dao ng l T2 - khi xe chuyn ng thng chm dn u vi gia tc a th chu k dao ng l T3 Biu thc no
sau y l ng: ?
A. T 1 T 2 = T 3
B. T 1 T 2 = T 3
C. T 1 = T 2 = T 3
D. T 2 T 1 T 3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
22 Mt con lc n dao ng nh vi chu k T. Cho qu cu con lc tch in m v dao ng trong in trng c
ng sc hng thng ng xung di. Lc ny chu k dao ng ca con lc s nh th no vi chu k T ?
A. Nh hn T
B. Ln hn T
C. Bng T
D. khng xc nh c v cha d liu
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
23 Mt con lc n c treo vo trn mt thang my. Khi thang my chuyn ng thng ng i ln nhanh dn
u vi gia tc c ln a th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l 2, 52s. Khi thang my chuyn ng thng
ng i ln chm dn u vi gia tc cng c ln a th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l 3, 15s. Khi thang
my ng yn th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l ?
A. 2, 96s
B. 2, 78s.
C. 2, 84s.
D. 2, 61s.
Li gii
2.4. DAO NG TT DN-DAO NG CNG BC-CNG HNG
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
2.4.1
C S L THUYT:
3008
2.4.1.1 NH NGHA, NGUYN NHN NG DNG DAO NG TT DN:
Dao ng tt dn : L dao ng c bin gim dn theo thi gian.
nhn tt dn:
Nguyn
-Khi vt dao ng, vt phi sinh cng thng lc ma st v lc cn. Do nng lng ca vt gim dn
-Dn n bin gim dn dn n dao ng tt dn.
-Nu lc ma st v lc cn nh th dao ng lu tt.
-Nu lc ma st v lc cn cng ln th dao ng cng nhanh tt.
Mun
cho dao ng ca vt khng tt dn ta phi b sung nng lng cho vt b cho phn mt do lc
cn
v lc ma st ( thng tc dng ngoi lc).
ng tt dn chm:
Dao
-Nu
vt (hay h) dao ng iu ha vi tn s gc 0 chu thm tc dng ca lc cn nh th dao ng
ca vt (hay h) y tr thnh tt dn chm.
-Dao ng tt dn chm c th coi gn ng l dng sin vi tn s gc 0 v vi bin gim dn theo
thi gian cho n bng 0.
dng ca s tt dn dao ng:
ng
-Khi
xe i qua nhng qung ng g gh th l xo gim sc b nn hoc b gin lm cho khung xe dao
ng ging nh con lc l xo.
- dao ng ca khung xe nhanh tt, ngi ta gn khung xe vi 1 pittong chuyn ng c trong 1
xilanh thng ng cha y du nht. Xilanh gn vi trc ca bnh xe.
-Khi khung xe dao ng th pittong dao ng theo nhng du nht c lc cn ln lm dao ng ca

nhanh tt.
35
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
36
3008
2.4.1.2 DAO NG DUY TR, CNG BC, CNG HNG:
Nu dao ng c b sung nng lng cho phn nng lng mt i v h vn dao ng theo tn s ring ca n
th
dao ng y gi l dao ng duy tr.
Khi tc dng vo vt ng yn v tr cn bng mt ngoi lc F bin i iu ha theo thi gian: F = F0 cos(t)
th chuyn ng ca vt di tc dng ca ngoi lc trn bao gm 2 giai on:
Giai on chuyn tip: l giai on m dao ng ca h cha n nh
Sau , gi tr cc i ca li khng thay i. l giai on n nh. Giai on n nh ko di cho n khi
ngoi lc iu ha thi tc dng.Dao ng ca vt trong giai on n nh gi l dao ng cng bc.
Dao ng cng bc l dao ng iu ha (c dng hm sin)
Tn s ca dao ng cng bc bng tn s gc ca ngoi lc.
Gi tr cc i ca bin A ca dao ng cng bc t c khi tn s gc ca ngoi lc
(gn ng) bng tn s gc ring ca h dao ng tt dn.
Cng hng c.
Khi bin A ca dao ng cng bc t gi tr cc i,ta ni rng c hin tng cng hng.
iu kin xy ra hin tng cng hng l: = 0
nh hng ca ma st:
Vi cng mt ngoi lc tun hon tc dng, nu ma st gim th gi tr cc i ca bin tng.
Hin tng cng hng r nt hn.
ng dng ca hin tng cng hng:
Hin tng cng hng c rt nhiu ng dng trong thc t, v d: ch to tn s k, ln dy dn. . . .
Trong mt s trng hp, hin tng cng hng c th dn ti kt qu lm gy, v cc vt b dao ng cng bc.
Khi lp t my cng phi trnh cho tn s rung do my to nn trng vi tn s ring ca cc vt gn my.
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
2.4.2
3008
2.4.2.1 CNG THC THNG DNG:

gim c nng sau mt chu k
Con lc n
z }| {
z }| {
4Fc
4Fc
= S =
A =
k
mg
| {z }
Con lc l xo
Con lc l xo
z
}|
{
A
Ak
A
S0
0
0 mg
N
=
=
=
= N =
=
=
|{z}
A 4mg
4g
S
4Fc
|
{z
}
S dao dng
Con lc n
Thi gian t lc bt u dao ng n khi dng
z
}|
s{
AkT
N2
0 mgT
N2
m
l
= NT =
=
= N2
= = NT =
=
= N2
4mg
k
4F
g
c
|
{z
}
|
{z
}
Con lc l xo
Con
lc
n
m 2 S0 2
kA2
= Smax =
Smax =
2F
2F
|
{z ma st}
|
{z ma st}
Con lc l xo
Con lc n
{z
}
|
Qung ng t lc chuyn ng n khi dng
2.4.2.2 TM THI GIAN QUNG NG VT I T BIN N KHI DNG LI:
=m,n
2 |x|
z
}|
{
S = 2.A.a 2.x.a
|
{z
}
n > 5 = a = m + 1
n 5 = a = m
t = aT
2
2.4.2.3
GIM BIN SAU MI CHU K L: (A%):
E = 1 (1 A%)2
2.4.3
NG DNG GII TON
1 Mt con lc n c ko ra khi v tr cn bng mt gc nh 0 ri bung khng vn tc ban u. Coi rng

1
trong qu trnh dao ng lc cn ca mi trng tc dng ln con lc khng i v bng
trng lng ca con
1000
lc. S dao ng ton phn m con lc thc hin c cho n khi dng li l
A. 500
B. 25
C. 50
D. 1000.
Li gii
10
180
z }| {
0
0 mg
10 mg
N=
6
6 43, 63 = 25
4Fc
4Fc
100 =
37
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
3008
2 Mt con lc n c chiu di l = 0, 249m, qu cu nh c khi lng m = 100g. Cho n dao ng ti ni c

gia tc trng tng g = 9, 8m/s2 vi bin gc = 0, 07rad trong mi trng di tc dng ca lc cn (c ln
khng i) th n s dao ng tt dn c cng chu k nh khi khng c lc cn. Ly = 3, 1416. Bit con lc n
ch dao ng c = 100s th ngng hn. Xc nh ln ca lc cn: ?
A. 1, 5.102 N
B. 1, 57.103 N
C. 2.104 N
D. 1, 75.104 N.
Li gii
t=
T
z }| {
0 mgT
Fc =
= 1, 75.104 N
4
3 Mt vt dao ng tt dn vi bin ban u l 0, 97cm. sau khi ra n bin ln th nht c bin l 0, 91cm. Hy
cho bit vt ra v tr bin bao nhiu ln ri dng li. A. 14 ln
B. 15 ln
C. 16 ln
D. 17 ln.
Li gii
A1
= 16 ln
=
A
3 1 con lc n dao ng nh ti ni c gia tc trng trng g = 9, 8m/s2 vi dy di 1m,vt nng m = 80g. Cho
con lc dao ng vi bin gc l 0, 15rad trong mi trng c lc cn tc dng th n ch dao dng c 200s th
dng hn. Duy tr dao ng bng cch dng 1 h thng dy ct sao cho n chy c trong 1 tun l vi bin gc
0, 15rad. Bit 80% nng lng c dng thng lc ma st do h thng bnh rng ca tnh cng cn thit ln
dy ct?
A. 133J
B. 15J
C. 332J
D. 50J.
Li gii
mgla2
E
2
P:Cng sut tiu th=
=
t
t
z
}|
{
1 tun
mgla2 z }| {
A = pt =
. 86400.7
400
|
{z
}
A:Cng sau 1 tun
}|
A
A1 =
H
| {z }
{
133J
H=100%80%=20%
4 Mt con lc l xo c cng k = 10N/m, khi lng vt nng m = 100g, dao ng trn mt phng ngang, c
th nh t v tr l xo gin 6cm. H s ma st trt gia con lc v mt bn bng = 0, 2. Thi gian chuyn ng
thng ca vt m t lc ban u n v tr l xo khng bin dng l: ?
A.
B.
C.
D. .
20
15
30
25 5
Li gii
T
T
4
12
z
}|
{ z }| {
T
F = Fms = |x0 | = 2 = A = 4 = 2 [x0 ] 0 2 = x0 = = =

| {z }
|
{z
}
3
15
A
A
2
5 Mt con lc n c chiu di l = 40cmv vt treo c khi lng m = 100g. T v tr cn bng ko con lc lch
khi phng thng ng mt gc 80 . Do c lc cn ca khng kh nn sau 4 dao ng bin gim ch cn 60 . Bit
bin gim theo cp s nhn li v hn. dao ng c duy tr th nng lng cn cung cp sau mi dao ng
l:
A. E = 1, 522mJ
B. E = 0, 252mJ
C.E = 0, 232mJ
D. E = 0, 522mJ
Li gii
38
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
39
n =qn 0
3008
z
}|
{
mgl(o2 12 )
E = E E1 =
= 0, 522mJ
2
|
{z
}
s
1 =
0 =80
4 z}|{
0
0
6 Mt con lc n c chiu di l = 40cmv vt treo c khi lng m = 100g. T v tr cn bng Mt con lc ng

h c coi nh mt con lc n dao ng ti ni c gia tc trng trng trng 9, 8(m/s2); vt nng c khi lng
1(kg), si dy di 1(m) v bin gc lc u l 0, 08(rad). Do chu tc dng ca mt lc cn khng i nn n ch
dao ng c 100(s). Ngi ta dng mt chiu c sut in ng 3(V ) in tr trong khng ng k b sung
nng lng cho con lc vi hiu sut 25%. Pin c in lng ban u 10000(C). Hi ng h chy c thi gian
bao lu th li phi thay pin?
A. 291, 5 (ngy)
B. 292, 8 (ngy)
C. 393, 3 (ngy)
D. 276, 8 (ngy)
Li gii
Tng nng lng cung cp: U.Q.H%
}|
{
U.Q.H%
t=
{zA
276, 8 (ngy)
mgla2
E
2
=
P:Cng sut tiu th=
t
t
z
}|
{
1 ngy
mgla2 z }| {
A = pt =
. 86400
400
|
{z
}
A: Cng sau 1 ngy
7 Mt con lc gm l xo c khi lng khng ng k, k = 80N/m, vt c khi lng 200g, t trn mt sn nm

ngang. Ko vt ra khi v tr can bng 3cm v truyn cho n vn tc 80cm/s. Do ma sat nn dao ng tt dn, bin
gimr theo tng chu k. Sau khi thc hin c 10 dao ng vt dng li. H s ma st gia vt v sn l bao
nhiu? ?
A. = 0, 05
B. = 1, 05
C. = 0, 15
D. = 1, 15
Li gii
v2
A2 =x2 +
2
z
}|
{
A
n=
= 10 = = 0, 05
A
8 1 con lc l xo c k = 2N/m, m = 80g dao ng tt dn trn mp nm ngang c h s ma st l 0.1 . Ban u ko
vt khi vtcb 1 on 10cm ri th nh . Th nng ca vt ti ni c tc max l: ?
A. 2, 8 mJ
B. 2, 6 mJ
C. 1, 8 mJ
D. 1, 6 mJ
Li gii
V tr m vt c tc max khi lc n hi bng lc ma st
}|
{
kx2
= 1, 6 mJ
kx = mg = x = 4cm = Wt =
2
9 Mt con lc l xo dao ng u ha vi bin d A = 4cm.Cho cng ca l xo l:k = 100N/m, khi lng ca

vt nng l: 400g, H s ma st l: 5.103 . Tm qung ng i c trong 1,5 chu k ?
A. 44.2cm
B. 121.9cm
C. 21.4cm
D. 22.8cm
Li gii
gim bin trong na chu k:
2mg
k
}|
{
1, 52mg
S1 = 1, 5(A A ) =
= 1.2cm
k
|
{z
}
Vt dao ng t do th 1.5 chu k qung ng i c l: 6A = 6 4 = 24 cm
= S1,5T = 24 1, 2 = 22.8cm
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
40
3008
10 Mt con lc tt dn chm, c sau mi chu k th bin gim 5%. Phn nng lng ca con lc b mt i trong
mt dao ng ton phn l bao nhiu %? ?
A. 9, 75%
B. 5, 75%
C. 3, 75%
D. 1, 75%
Li gii
E = 1 (1 A%)2 = 9, 75%
11 Mt con lc dao ng tt dn chm. Bit rng c sau mt dao ng ton phn nng lng mt i 3, 96%. Bin
con lc gim sau mi chu k l: ?
A. 0, 98%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 1%
Li gii
E = 1 (1 A%)2 = 3, 96% = A% = 2%
12 Mt con lc l xo nm ngang c cng K = 40(N/m) , vt nh khi lng m = 100(g) . Ban u gi vt sao
cho l xo b nn 10(cm) ri th nh.Xc nh thi im l xo nn 5cm ln th 2010 k t lc th.Thc t c ma st
gia vt v mt bn vi h s ma st trt gia vt v mt bn l = 0, 1. Ly g = 10(m/s2 ) . Tnh tc ca vt
lc gia tc ca n i chiu ln th 4. ?
A. 1, 26(m/s)
B. 6, 12(m/s)
C. 2, 61(m/s)
D. 1, 62(m/s)
Li gii
Gia tc ca vt i chiu ln th 4 ng vi vt i qua VTCB C2 theo chiu sang tri ln th 2, p dng nh lut bo ton nng lng
z
}|
{
0, 5kA2 (0, 5k(l)2 + 0, 5m(v4 )2 ) = mg[A + 2(A xmax ) + 2(2(A 2xmax )) + (A 3xmax ) + (A 3xmax l)] =
|
{z
}
mg
2mg
l=
;xmax =
k
k
v4 = 1, 62(m/s)
13 Mt con lc l xo t trn mt phng nm ngang c k = 100(N/m), m = 500 (g). a qu cu n v tr m l

xo b nn 10cm, ri th nh. Bit h s ma st gia vt v mt phng nm ngang l = 0, 2. Ly g = 10(m/s2 ). Tnh
vn tc
trong qu trnh dao ng ?
cc i m vt t c
A. 70 2 (cm/s)
B. 80 2 (cm/s)
C. 90 2 (cm/s)
D. 100 2 (cm/s)
Li gii
F h =Fms = x=
mg
k
}|
vmax = A = (l x0 ) = 90 2 (cm/s)
14 Mt vt nh c khi lng m = 100g nm trn mt mt phng nhn, c ni vi l xo nh c cng
k = 100N/m, l xo gn vo bc tng thng ng ti im A. Vt ang nm ng yn, thi im t = 0 vt bt u
chi tc dng ca mt lc khng i F = 2N dc theo trc ca l xo . Cho g = 10m/s2 ; 2 10. L xo khng gn
vo im A m c ni vi mt vt khi lng M = 2kg, h s ma st ngh gia M v mt phng ngang l = 0, 1.
Tnh ln lc F k t khi c F tc dng, vt m dao ng iu ha so vi mt phng ngang ?
A. F 1
B. F 2
C. F 3
D. F 4
Li gii
F
cos(t+)
k
z
}|
{
F h Mg = 2F Mg = F 1
|
{z
}
F h =F+kAcos(t+)=F+k
iu kin vt m dao ng iu ha so vi mt phng ngang l M khng trt trn mt phng ngang tc l: F h Mg
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
41
3008
15 Mt con lc l xo c t trn mt phng nghing nh hnh v . Cho bit m = 100g cng l xo K = 10N/m,
gc nghing = 600 . a vt ra khi v tr cn bng 5cm ri bung nh. Do c ma st nn sau 10 dao ng vt
ngng li. Tnh h s ma st gia vt v mt phng nghing. ?
A. = 0, 02551
B. = 0, 0351
C. = 0, 04551
D. = 0, 05551
Li gii
An =0
}|
{
4mgcos
A0 k
An = A0 An =
= =
= 0, 02551
k
4nmgcos
16 Mt con lc n c ko ra khi v tr cn bng mt gc nh 0 = 0, 1rad ri bung khng c vn tc ban
u. Coi rng trong qu trnh dao ng lc cn ca mi trng tc dng ln con lc khng i v bng 1/1000 trng
lng ca con lc. Hi sau bao nhiu chu k dao ng th con lc dng hn li ?
A. 500
B. 25
C. 50
D. 1000.
Li gii
2.103 mg
0
2Fc
=
= 2.103 = N =
= 50 = T = 25
=
mg
mg
2.4.4
CC BI TP NGH
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
42
3008
4 Mt con lc l xo gm vt nh khi lng 0, 2kg v l xo c cng k = 20N/m. Vt nh c t trn gi

c nh nm ngang dc theo trc l xo. H s ma st trt gia gi v vt nh l 0, 01. T v tr l xo khng b
bin dng, truyn cho vt vn tc ban u 1m/s th thy con lc dao ng tt dn trong gii hn n hi ca l xo.
Ly g = 10m/s2 . ln lc n hi cc i ca l xo trong qu trnh dao ng bng ?
A. 1, 98N.
B. 2N.
C. 1, 5N.
D. 2, 98N.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Mt con lc l xo nm ngang gm vt nh khi lng 200gam, l xo c cng 10N/m, h s ma st trt gia
vt v mt phng ngang l . Ban u vt c gi v tr l xo gin 10cm , ri th nh con lc dao ng tt dn,
ly g = 10m/s2 . Trong khong thi gian k t lc th cho n khi tc ca vt bt u gim th gim th nng
ca con lc l: ?
A. 50mJ.
B. 2mJ.
C. 20mJ.
D. 48mJ.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Mt con lc l xo t theo phng ngang gm vt nh khi lng 0, 02kg v l xo c cng 2N/m. H s ma
st gia vt v gi vt l 0, 1. Ban u gi cho vt v tr l xo b nn 10cm ri th nh cho vt dao ng tt
dn.Ly g = 10m/s2 . Trong qu trnh dao ng l xo c dn ln nht l: ?
A. 6cm
B. 7cm
C. 9cm
D. 8cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Mt con lc l xo nm ngang c k = 400N/m; m = 100g; ly g = 10m/s2 ; h s ma st gia vt v mt sn l
= 0, 02 . Lc u a vt ti v tr cch v tr cn bng 4cm ri cung cp cho vt vn tc 0, 5m/s dc theo trc l
xo. Qung ng vt i c t lc bt u dao ng n lc dng li l:
?
A. 4, 425m.
B. 1, 625m
C. 16, 5cm
D. 16, 625m
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Mt con lc l xo gm l xo c cng 100N/m ,vt c khi lng 100g dao ng tt dn trn mt phng nm
ngang vi bin 5cm, h s ma st gia vt v mt phng l 0, 012, g = 10m/s2 . Xc nh gim bin sau mi
na chu k ?
A. 0, 024cm
B. 0.048cm
C. 0, 24cm
D. 0, 012cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Mt con lc l xo c cng k = 10N/m, khi lng vt nng m = 100g, dao ng trn mt phng ngang, c
th nh t v tr l xo gin 6cm so vi v tr cn bng. H s ma st trt gia con lc v mt bn bng = 0, 2. Thi
gian chuyn ng thng ca vt m t lc ban u n v tr l xo khng bin dng l ?
A. s
B.
s
C.
s
D.
s
20
30
15
25 5
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
43
3008
10 Mt con lc l xo ngang gm l xo c cng k = 80N/m v vt m = 200g, dao ng trn mt phng ngang, h

s ma st gia vt v mt ngang l = 0, 1. Ko vt lch khi VTCB mt on 10cm ri th nh cho vt dao ng.
Khong thi gian vt i c t khi bt u dao ng n khi dng hn l ?
A. t = 3, 14s.
B. t = 3s.
C. t = 6, 28s.
D. t = 5s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Mt con lc l xo ngang gm l xo c cng k = 80N/m v vt m = 200g, dao ng trn mt phng ngang, h
s ma st gia vt v mt ngang l = 0, 1. Ko vt lch khi VTCB mt on 10cm ri th nh cho vt dao ng.
S chu k vt thc hin c l ?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Mt con lc l xo ngang gm l xo c cng k = 100N/m v vt m = 100g, dao ng trn mt phng ngang,
h s ma st gia vt v mt ngang l = 0, 02. Ko vt lch khi VTCB mt on 10cm ri th nh cho vt dao
ng. Qung ng vt i c t khi bt u dao ng n khi dng hn l ?
A. s = 50cm.
B. s = 25m.
C. s = 50m.
D. s = 25cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 Mt con lc l xo gm vt nh khi lng 0, 02kg v l xo c cng 1N/m. Vt nh c t trn gi c
nh nm ngang dc theo trc l xo. H s ma st trt gia gi v vt nh l 0, 1. Ban u gi vt v tr l xo b
nn 10cm ri bung nh con lc dao ng tt dn. Ly g = 10m/s2 . Tc ln nht vt nh t c trong qu
trnh
dao ng l ?
A. 10 30cm/s.
B. 20 6cm/s.
C. 40 2cm/s.
D. 40 3cm/s.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Mt con lc l xo thng ng gm l xo nh c cng k = 100N/m ,mt u c nh , mt u gn vi vt
nng khi lng m = 0, 5Kg .ban u ko vt theo phng thng ng khi v tr cn bng 5cm ri bung nh cho
vt dao ng . trong qu trnh dao ng vt lun chiu tc dng ca lc cn c ln 0, 01 trng lc tc dng ln vt .
coi bin ca vt gim u trong tng chu k , ly g = 10m/s2 .s ln vt qua v tr cn bng k t khi th vt cho
n khi n dng hn l ?
A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 100
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Mt l xo nh cng k = 300N/m, mt u c nh, u kia gn qu cu nh khi lng m = 0, 15kg. Qu
cu c th trt trn dy kim loi cng ngang trng vi trc l xo v xuyn tm qu cu. Ko qu cu ra khi v tr
cn bng 2cm ri th cho qu cu dao ng. Do ma st qu cu dao ng tt dn chm. Sau 200 dao ng th qu cu
dng li. Ly g = 10m/s2 . H h s ma st l ?
A. 0, 05.
B. 0, 005
C. 0, 01.
D. 0, 001.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
44
3008
16 Mt con lc l xo gm vt nh c khi lng 0, 2kg v l xo c cng k = 20N/m. Vt nh c t trn

gi c nh nm ngang dc theo trc l xo. H s ma st gia vt v gi l 0, 01. T v tr l xo khng bin
dng, truyn cho vt vn tc ban u 1m/s th thy con lc dao ng tt dn trong gii hn n hi ca l xo. Ly
g = 10m/s2 . Tnh ln ca lc n hi cc i ca l xo trong qu trnh dao ng. ?
A. 1, 98N.
B. 2N.
C. 1, 68N.
D. 1, 59N.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
17 Mt con lc l xo gm vin bi nh c khi lng m v l xo c khi lng khng ng k c cng
k = 10N/m. Con lc dao ng cng bc di tc dng ca ngoi lc tun hon c tn s gc f . Bit bin ca
ngoi lc tun hon khng thay i. Khi thay i tn s gc f th bin dao ng ca vin bi thay i v khi
f = 10Hz th bin dao ng ca vin bi t cc i. Khi lng m ca vin bi l ?
A. 40g.
B. 10g.
C. 120g.
D. 100g.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 Mt con lc n c chiu di 44cm, c treo vo trn mt toa xe la. Con lc b kch ng mi khi bnh ca
toa xe gp ch ni gia hai thanh ray. Chiu di mi thanh ray l 12, 5m. Ly g = 9, 8m/s2 . Con lc dao ng mnh
nht khi tu chy thng u vi vn tc ?
A. v = 10, 7km/h.
B. v = 33, 8km/h.
C. v = 106, 5km/h.
D. v = 45km/h.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 Cu no sau y sai khi ni v hin tng cng hng ?
A. c cng hng th tn s ca ngoi lc bng tn s ring ca h dao ng.
B. Khi c cng hng, bin dao ng cng bc rt ln.
C. Khi c cng hng, bin dao ng cng bc cc i.
D. Cng hng ch xy ra vi dao ng cng bc.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
20 Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng gm vt nh khi lng m = 250g v mt l xo nh c cng k = 100N/m.
Ko vt m xung di theo phng thng ng n v tr l xo gin 7, 5cm ri th nh. Chn gc ta v tr cn
bng ca vt, trc ta thng ng, chiu dng hng ln trn, gc thi gian l lc th vt. Cho g = 10m/s2 . Coi
vt dao ng iu ha.Thc t trong qu trnh dao ng vt lun chu tc dng ca lc cn c ln bng trng lc
tc dng ln vt, coi bin dao ng ca vt gim u trong tng chu k tnh s ln vt i qua v tr cn bng k t
khi th. ?
A. 50 ln
B. 25 ln
C. 70 ln
D. 90 ln
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
45
3008
21 Mt con lc l xo gm l xo c khi lng khng ng k, cng k Vt M = 400g c th trt khng

ma st trn mt phng nm ngang. t mt vt m0 = 100g ln trn vt M, h gm hai vt m0 + M ang ng
yn. Dng vt m bn vo M vn tc v0 va chm l hon ton n hi. Sau va chm ta thy c hai vt cng dao
ng iu ho. Cho bit h s ma st gia m0 v M l 0, 4. Hi vn tc ca vt m phi nh hn mt gi tr
bng bao nhiu vt m0 vn ng yn (khng b trt) trn vt M trong khi h dao ng. Cho g = 10m/s2 .?
A. v0 1, 34m/s
B. v0 1, 34m/s
C. v0 3, 14m/s
D. v0 3, 14cm/s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
22 Con lc l xo gm vt nng m = 100g v l xo nh c cng k = 100N/m. Tc dng mt ngoi lc cng bc
bin thin iu ha bin F0 v tn s f1 = 2Hz th bin dao ng A1 . Nu gi nguyn bin F0 m tng tn
s ngoi lc n f2 = 6Hz th bin dao ng n nh l A2 . So snh A1 v A2 ?
A. A1 = A2
B. A1 A2
C. A2 A1
D. cha iu kin kt lun
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
23 Cho c h nh hnh bn. Bit M = 1, 8kg, l xo nh cng k = 100N/m. Mt vt khi lng m = 200g chuyn
ng vi tc v0 = 5m/s n va vo M (ban u ng yn) theo trc ca l xo. H s ma st trt gia M v mt
phng ngang l = 0, 2. Xc nh tc cc i ca M sau khi l xo b nn cc i, coi va chm hon ton n hi
xuyn tm. ?
A. 6, 886m/s.
B. 8, 886m/s.
C. 0, 688m/s.
D. 0, 886m/s.
Li gii
2.5. TNG HP DAO NG
2.5.1
2.5.1.1 DNG GII BNG MY TNH:
x1 = a 2cos(t + 4 )
= dng f x 570ES
x2 = acos(t + )
x = acos(t )
2
SHIFT 4
MOD 2
2 SHIFT ()
+ 1
= 1 + i SHIFT 2 3
SHIFT
3
2
4
()
+ 1
SHIFT
Phng trnh dao ng tng hp
z }| {
=
x=
()
3
2acos(t +
)
4
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
DNG TON KHC:
3008
2.5.1.2
= 2k = Amax = A1 + A2
= = (2k + 1) = Amin = |A1 A2 |
= (2k + 1)
= A2 = A1 2 + A2 2
2
z
}|
{
Vi A1 ,A2 ,1 ,2 bit =
A2 = A1 2 + A2 2 + 2A1 A2 cos(2 1 )
|
{z
}
(
x1 = A1 cos(t + 1 )
x2 = A2 cos(t + 2 )
2.5.2
46
|A1 A2 |6A6A1 +A2
z
}|
{
=
x = Acos(t + )
|
{z
2
2
A2 = A + A1 2 2AA1 cos( 1 )
A
,
,
A,
Bit
tm:
A
,
=
Asin A1 sin1
1 1
2 2
tan2 =
Acos A1 cos1
, , A, A
1 2
2max
A
a
A2max = bA2 A1 =0 = A1 =b
z
}|
{
Bit tm: A1 = A2 = A1 2 + A2 2 2A1 A2 cos(2 1 ) = aA2 2 + (bA2 A1 )2
NG DNG GII TON
1 Mt vt c khi lng 100g thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng c phng trnh:
x1 = 10cos(t + ) cm v x2 = 5cos(t) cm. Tnh nng lng dao ng ca vt ?

6
A. 1, 25103 J
B. 12, 5103 J
C. 25103 J
D. 0, 25102 J
A.
B.
C.
D.
Li gii
SHIFT 4
MOD 2
10 SHIFT ()
+ 5
SHIFT
()
q

= 5 5i SHIFT 2 3 5 2
4
1
= A = 5 2 = W = m 2 A2 = 0, 25102 J
2
3 Cho 3 dao ng iu ha, cng phng, cng tn s gc = 100 rad/s vi cc bin :
5
A1 = 1, 5 cm; A2 =
cm; A3 = 3 cm, cc pha ban u tng ng 1 = 0; 2 = ; 3 =
. Vit phng
2
2
6
trnh dao ng tng hp ca 3 dao ng trn. ?
A. x = 3cos(t )
B. x = 3cos(t )
C. x = 3cos(t + )
D. x = 3cos(t + )
2
2
2
2
Li gii
SHIFT 4
MOD 2
1, 5 SHIFT () 0
3
2
SHIFT
()
SHIFT
()
5
6
ng tng hp
Phng trnhzdao
}| {
=
3 + i SHIFT 2 3 3
=
x = 3cos(t + )
2
2
4 Mt vt tham gia ng thi 2 dao ng x1 = A1 cos(t ) cm v x2 = 4cos(t + ) cm, vi = 20rad/s.

3
3
Bit tc cc i ca vt l 140cm/s . Tnh bin A1 ca dao ng th nht. ?
A. 8, 5763cm
B. 8, 4763cm
C. 8, 3763cm
D. 8, 2763cm
Li gii
A=
vmax
=7 cm
}|
{
2
A = A1 + A2 + 2A1 A2 cos( ) = A1 = 8, 2763cm
3
2
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
47
m3
= 100g) c treo vo 3 l xo nh c cng ln
2
lt k1 , k2 , k3 (vi k1 = k2 = 40N/m). Ti v tr cn bng ba vt cng nm trn mt ng thng nm ngang.Bit
O1 O2 = O2 O3 = 2cm. Kch thch ng thi cho c ba vt dao ng iu ha theocc cch khc nhau: t v tr cn
bng truyn cho m1 vn tc v01 = 60cm/s hng ln trn; m2 c th nh nhng t 1 im pha di v tr cn
bng, cch v tr cn bng mt on 1, 5cm. Vit phng trnh dao ng iu ha ca m3 ?
3
3
B. 2cos(20t ) cm
C. 3 2cos(20t
) cm
D. 2cos(20t
) cm
A. 3 2cos(20t ) cm
4
4
4
4
3008
5 Ba vt nh khi lng l m1 , m2 v m3 (vi m1 = m2 =
Li gii
x2 =
x1 = 3cos(20t )
2
x2 = 1, 5cos(20t)
= x3 = 3 2cos(20t ) cm = cch gii : x3 = 2x2 x3 bm my

4
MOD 2 2 x (
SHIFT 4
x1 + x3
2
}|
= 3 () 3i SHIFT 2 3
1, 5 SHIFT () 0 ) 3
SHIFT
()
2
= x3 = 3 2cos(20t ) cm
4
4
6 Hai dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn s c cc bin A1 = 2a, A2 = a v cc pha ban u
1 = ; 1 = Hy tnh bin v pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp.?
3
A. 3; 900
B. 2; 450
C. 3; 900
D. 2; 450
Li gii
SHIFT 4
MOD 2
2 SHIFT ()
+ 1
()
SHIFT
3 . i SHIFT 2 3 3 =
3; 900
2
7 Cho mt vt m = 200g tham gia ng thi hai dao ng iu ho cng phng cng tn s vi phng trnh
5
ln lt l x1 = 3sin(20t + )cm v x2 = 2cos(20t +
)cm. ln ca hp lc tc dng ln vt ti thi im
2
6
t=
s l ?
120
A. 0, 4N
B. 0, 5N
C. 0, 6N
D. 0, 7N
Li gii
SHIFT 4
MOD 2
3 SHIFT () 0
+ 2
SHIFT
()
5
6
= i SHIFT 2 3 1
= x = cos(20t + ) cm
2
2
= F = kx = 0, 4N
8 Hai cht im dao ng iu ha trn cng mt trc ta , coi trong qu trnh dao ng hai cht im
khng va chm vo nhau. Bit phng trnh dao ng ca hai cht im ln lt l: x1 = 4cos(4t + )cm v
3
x2 = 4 2cos(20t + )cm. Trong qu trnh dao ng khong cch ln nht gia hai vt l ?
12
A. 3 cm
B. 3 cm
C. 4 cm
D. 5 cm
Li gii
S = x2 x1
SHIFT 4
MOD 2
4 2 SHIFT ()
12
= Smax khi cos(20t
SHIFT
()
) = 1 = Smax = 4 cm
6
= 2 3 2i SHIFT 2 3 4
6
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
48
3008
9 Mt vt dao ng iu ha quanh v tr cn bng theo trc XOX c li : x = 4 3sin(2t + ) + 4 3sin(2t +

6
) cm. Tm bin A v lch ?

2
A. 12;
B. 13;
C. 14;
D. 15;
3
4
6
2
Li gii
SHIFT 4
4 3 SHIFT ()
MOD 2
+ 4 3
SHIFT
()
= 6 + 6 3i SHIFT 2 3 12 = 12;
3
3
10 mt vt thc hin ddh cung phng,cng tn s, x1 = 2cos(5t +
im t = 2(s) ?
A. 10 cm/s
B. 10 cm/s
C. cm/s
) v x2 = 2cos5t .vn tc ca vt ti thi

2
D. cm/s
Li gii
SHIFT 4
MOD 2
2 SHIFT ()
SHIFT
()

= 2 + 2i SHIFT 2 3 2 2
4
= v = 2 2sin(5.5 + ) = 10 cm/s
4
2.5.3
CC BI TP NGH
1 Mt vt tham gia hai dao ng iu ho cng phng cng tn s: x1 = 5sin(t
ng tng hp c dng ?
A. x = 5sin(t + )
3
B. x = 10sin(t + )
3
C. x = 5 2sin(t)
5
); x2 = 5sin(t +
). Dao
3
3
5 3
D. x =
sin(t + )
2
3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Mt vt nh c chuyn ng l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng. Hai dao ng ny c phng
trnh l x1 = A1 cos(t) v x2 = A2 cos(t + ) . Gi E l c nng ca vt. Khi lng ca vt bng ?

2
2E
E
2E
2E
p
p
A.
.
B.
.
C. 2
.
D. 2
.
2 + (A )2 )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
((A
)
((A
)
1
2
1 + (A2 ) )
(A1 ) + (A2 )
(A1 ) + (A2 )
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Mt cht im thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng x = 4.sin(15t + /3)(cm), x =
a.sin(15t + 4/3) (cm). ln vn tc ca vt khi qua v tr cn bng l 0, 15m/s. Bin dao ng thnh phn th
hai l ?
A. 2cm
B. 3cm
C. 5cm
D. B hoc C
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Mt cht im thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng x = 8cos(t) (cm), x =
7sin(t + ) (cm).Bin dao ng ca vt c gi tr cc tiu khi bng ?
A.
B. 0
C. /2
D. /2
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
49
3008
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Mt cht im thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng x = asin(20t + /6)(cm), x =
3sin(20t + 2/3)(cm). Bit vn tc cc i ca cht im l 100cm/s. Bin a bng ?
A. 3cm
B. 4cm
C. 5cm
D. 6cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng x = 5sin(t)(cm), x = 8cos(t )(cm). Bin
ca dao ng tng hp c gi tr cc i khi bng ?
A. 0(rad)
B. (rad)
C. /2(rad)
D. /2(rad)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Cht im m = 50g tham gia ng thi hai dao ng iu ho cng phng cng bin 10cm v cng tn s
gc 10rad/s. Nng lng ca dao ng tng hp bng 25mJ. lch pha ca hai dao ng thnh phn bng ?
A. 0
B. /3
C. /2
D. 2/3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Mt cht im tham gia ng thi hai dao ng iu ho cng phng cng tn s x1 = sin2t(cm) v
x2 = 2, 4cos2t(cm). Bin ca dao ng tng hp l ?
A. A = 1, 84cm.
B. A = 2, 60cm.
C. A = 3, 40cm.
D. A = 6, 76cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, theo cc phng trnh x1 = 4sin(t + )(cm)
v x2 = 4cost(cm). Bin dao ng tng hp t gi tr ln nht khi ?
A. 0(rad)
B. (rad)
C. /2(rad)
D. /2(rad)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 Mt cht im tham gia ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s x1 = sin(2t) cm; x2 =
2, 4cos(2t) cm ; . Bin dao ng tng hp l ?
A. A = 1, 84cm.
B. A = 2.6cm.
C. A = 3, 4cm.
D. A = 6, 76cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s c lch pha Delta l mt dao
ng iu ha c c im: ?
A. C tn s bng tng cc tn s dao ng thnh phn.
B. Bin ph thuc
C. Pha ban u khng ph thuc cc bin dao ng thnh phn.
D. Bin t gi tr cc i khi bin ca cc dao ng thnh phn bng nhau.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
50
3008
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, c phng trnh dao ng ln lt l
5
x1 = A1 cos(20t + ) cm cm v x2 = A2 cos(20t +
) cmcm. Bit rng vn tc cc i ca vt trong qu trnh dao
6
6
ng l vm ax = 140cm/s. Bin dao ng A1 l ?
A. 8cm
B. 12cm
C. 14cm
D. 6cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 Chuyn ng ca mt vt l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng. Hai dao ng ny c phng
trnh ln lt l x1 = 3cos10t(cm) v x2 = 4sin(10t + /2)(cm). Gia tc ca vt c ln cc i bng ?
A. 7m/s2 .
B. 1m/s2
C. 0, 7m/s2
D. 5m/s2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Mt vt khi lng m=100g thc hin dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng c cc
phng trnh dao ng l: x1 = 5cos(10t + ) cm v x2 = 10cos(10t ) cm. Gia tr cc i ca lc tng hp tc

3
dng vo
vt l ?
B. 5 3N
C. 50 3N
D. 5N
A. 0, 5 3N
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, c phng trnh x1 = 4sin(5 2t ) (cm); x2 =
2
A2 cos(5 2t + ) (cm).Bit ln vn tc ca vt ti thi im ng nng bng th nng l 40cm/s.Bin thnh

phnA2 l ?
A. 5 2
B. 2
C. 4 3
D. 3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 Mt vt dao ng u ha tng hp t hai dao ng cng phng thnh phn x1 = A1 cos(t + 1 ) v
x2 = A2 cos(t + ). c nng ca m bng tng c nng hai dao ng thnh phn th gc pha ban u nh nht
3
1 l?
C.
D.
A. 0
B.
6
3
2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
17 Mt vt tham gia ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s, cng pha, c bin l A1 v A2
vi A2 = 3A1 th bin dao ng tng hp A l ?
A. 4A1
B. 2A1
C. 2A2
D. 4A2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
51
3008
18 Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha, cng phng, cng tn s, cng bin A. Bit lch pha
ca hai dao ng 0 6 6 .Bin d tng hp khng th bng ?

2
A. 4A
B. A
C. 2A
D. 3A
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 Hai dao ng iu ha (1) v (2) cng phng, cng tn s v cng bin A = 4cm. Ti mt thi im no ,
dao ng (1) c li x = 2 cm, ang chuyn ng ngc chiu dng, cn dao ng (2) i qua v tr cn bng theo
chiu dng. Lc , dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng trn c li bao nhiu v ang chuyn ng theo hng
no ?
A. x = -8 cm v chuyn ng ngc chiu dng.

B. x = 2 3 v chuyn ng ngc chiu dng.
C. x = 8cm v chuyn ng ngc chiu dng.
D. x = 0cm v chuyn ng ngc chiu dng.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
20 Cho hai dao ng iu ha cng phng cng chu k T = 2s. Dao ng th nht ti thi im t = 0 c li
bng bin v bng 2cm. Dao ng th hai c bin bng 2cm, ti thi im ban u c li bng 0 v vn tc
m. Bin dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng trn l ?
A. 4cm
B. 6cm
C. 5cm
D. 8cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
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BIN SON: H HONG VIT (VIT-G EN-HSPHCM) -01268950956
3008
4 TN-2007: Ti mt ni xc nh, chu k dao ca con lc n t l thun vi ?

A. cn bc hai chiu di con lc
B. chiu di con lc.
C. cn bc hai gia tc trng trng
D. gia tc trng trng
Li gii
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5 TN-2008: Hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s, c cc phng trnh dao ng l: x1 = 3cos(t
/4) cm v x2 = 4cos(t + /4) cm. Bin ca dao ng tng hp hai dao ng trn l
?
A. 5cm.
B. 1cm.
C. 12cm.
D. 7cm.
Li gii
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6 TN-2008: Mt h dao ng chu tc dng ca ngoi lc tun hon Fn = F0 cos10t th xy ra hin tng cng
hng. Tn s dao ng ring ca h phi l ?
A. 10Hz.
B. 5Hz.
C. 10Hz.
D. 5Hz.
Li gii
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7 TN-2008: Hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, c phng trnh x1 = Acos(t + /3) v x2 = Acos(t 2/3)
l hai dao ng
?
A. lch pha /2
B. cng pha.
C. ngc pha.
D. lch pha /2
Li gii
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8 TN-2008: Mt con lc l xo gm mt l xo khi lng khng ng k, cng k, mt u c nh v mt u
gn vi mt vin bi nh khi lng m. Con lc ny ang dao ng iu ha c c nng ?
A. t l vi bnh phng bin dao ng.
B. t l vi bnh phng chu k dao ng.
C. t l nghch vi cng k ca l xo.
D. t l nghch vi khi lng m ca vin bi.
Li gii
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9 TN-2008: Mt con lc l xo gm mt l xo khi lng khng ng k, mt u c nh v mt u gn vi mt
vin bi nh. Con lc ny ang dao ng iu ha theo phng nm ngang. Lc n hi ca l xo tc dng ln vin
bi lun hng: ?
A. theo chiu chuyn ng ca vin bi.
B. v v tr cn bng ca vin bi.
C. theo chiu dng quy c.
D. theo chiu m quy c.
Li gii
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10 TN-2009: Mt con lc n gm mt hn bi nh khi lng m, treo vo mt si dy khng gin, khi lng si
dy khng ng k. Khi con lc n ny dao ng iu ha vi chu k 3 s th hn bi chuyn ng trn mt cung trn
di 4 cm. Thi gian hn bi i c 2 cm k t v tr cn bng l: ?
A. 1, 5s.
B. 0, 5s.
C. 0, 75s.
D. 0, 25s.
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
53
3008
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11 TN-2009: Mt vt nh dao ng iu ha theo mt trc c nh. Pht biu no sau y ng ?
A. Qu o chuyn ng ca vt l mt on thng.
B. Lc ko v tc dng vo vt khng i.
C. Qu o chuyn ng ca vt l mt ng hnh sin.
D. Li ca vt t l vi thi gian dao ng.
Li gii
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12 TN-2009: Mt con lc n gm qu cu nh khi lng m c treo vo mt u si dy mm, nh, khng dn,
di 64cm. Con lc dao ng iu ha ti ni c gia tc trng trng g. Ly g = 2 (m/s2 ). Chu k dao ng ca con
lc l: ?
A. 1, 6s.
B. 0, 5s.
C. 1s.
D. 2s.
Li gii
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13 TN-2009: Dao ng tt dn ?
A. c bin gim dn theo thi gian
B. lun c li.
C. c bin khng i theo thi gian.
D. lun c hi.
Li gii
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14 TN-2009: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox theo phng trnh x = 5cos4t ( x tnh bng cm, t tnh
bng s). Ti thi im t = 5s, vn tc ca cht im ny c gi tr bng: ?
A. 5cm/s.
B. 20cm/s.
C. 20cm/s.
D. 0cm/s.
Li gii
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15 TN-2009: Mt con lc l xo gm vt nh khi lng 400g, l xo khi lng khng ng k v c cng
100N/m. Con lc dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang. Ly 2 = 10. Dao ng ca con lc c chu k l: ?
A. 0, 8s.
B. 0, 4s.
C. 0, 2s.
D. 0, 6s.
Li gii
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16 TN-2009: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha vi chu k 0, 5(s) v bin 2cm. Vn tc ca cht im ti v tr
cn bng c ln bng: ?
A. 4cm/s.
B. 8cm/s.
C. 3cm/s.
D. 0, 5cm/s.
Li gii
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17 TN-2010: Ni v mt cht im dao ng iu ha, pht biu no di y ng? ?
A. v tr bin, cht im c vn tc bng khng v gia tc bng khng.
B. v tr cn bng, cht im c vn tc bng khng v gia tc cc i.
C. v tr cn bng, cht im c ln vn tc cc i v gia tc bng khng.
D. v tr bin, cht im c ln vn tc cc i v gia tc cc i.
Li gii
CHNG 2. DAO NG C
54
3008
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18 TN-2010:Mt cht im dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh li x = 2cos(2t + /2) (x tnh bng cm, t tnh
bng s). Ti thi im t = 1/4s, cht im c li bng ?
A. 2
B. 2
C. 3
D. 3
Li gii
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19 TN-2010: Mt vt nh khi lng m dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh li x = Acos(t + ). C nng ca
vt dao ng ny l ?
A. m 2 A2 /2
B. m 2 A
C. mA2 /2
D. m 2 A/2
Li gii
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20 TN-2010: Mt nh dao ng iu ha vi li x = 10cos(t + /6) (x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng s). Ly
2 = 10. Gia tc ca vt c ln cc i l ?
A. 100cm/s2
B. 100cm/s2
C. 10cm/s2
D. 10cm/s2
Li gii
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21 TN-2010:Mt vt nh khi lng 100g dao ng iu ha trn mt qu o thng di 20cm vi tn s gc
6 rad/s. C nng ca vt dao ng ny l ?
A. 0, 036J.
B. 0, 018J.
C. 18J.
D. 36J
Li gii
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22 TN-2011:Con lc l xo gm vt nh c khi lng 200g v l xo nh c cng 80N/m. Con lc dao ng
iu ha theo phng ngang vi bin 4cm. ln vn tc ca vt v tr cn bng l ?
A. 100cm/s.
B. 40cm/s.
C. 80cm/s.
D. 60cm/s.
Li gii
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23 TN-2011:Con lc l xo gm vt nh khi lng 100g gn vi mt l xo nh. Con lc dao ng iu ha theo
phng ngang vi phng trnh x = 10cos10t(cm). Mc th nng v tr cn bng. Ly 2 = 10. C nng ca con
lc bng ?
A. 0, 10J.
B. 0, 05J.
C. 1, 00J.
D. 0, 50J.
Li gii
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24 TN-2011:Ti cng mt ni trn Tri t, con lc n c chiu di l dao ng iu ha vi chu k 2 s, con lc
n c chiu di 2 dao
ng iu ha vi chu k l ?
A. 2s.
B. 2 2s.
C. 3s.
D. 4s.
Li gii
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CHNG 2. DAO NG C
55
3008
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25 TN-2011: Khi ni v dao ng c cng bc, pht biu no sau y l sai? ?
A. Tn s ca dao ng cng bc bng tn s ca lc cng bc.
B. Bin ca dao ng cng bc ph thuc vo bin ca lc cng bc.
C. Bin ca dao ng cng bc cng ln khi tn s ca lc cng bc cng gn tn s ring
ca h dao ng.
D. Tn s ca dao ng cng bc ln hn tn s ca lc cng bc.
Li gii
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26 TN-2011: Con lc l xo gm vt nh gn vi l xo nh dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang. Lc ko v tc
dng vo vt lun ?
A. cng chiu vi chiu chuyn ng ca vt.
B. hng v v tr cn bng.
C. cng chiu vi chiu bin dng ca l xo.
D. hng v v tr bin.
Li gii
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27 TN-2011: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha dc trc Ox vi phng trnh x = 10cos2t(cm). Qung ng i
c ca cht im trong mt chu k dao ng l ?
A. 10cm
B. 30cm
C. 40cm
D. 20cm
Li gii
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28 H-2007:Mt con lc n c treo trn mt thang my. Khi thang my ng yn, con lc dao ng iu ha
vi chu k T. Khi thang my i ln thng ng, chm dn u vi gia tc c ln bng mt na gia tc trng trng
ti ni t thang my th con lc dao ng iu ha vi chu k T bng ?
T
T
A.
B.
C. 2T
D. T 2
2
2
Li gii
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29 H-2007:Mt vt nh thc hin dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh )x = 10sin(4t + ) (cm) vi t tnh bng
2
giy. ng nng ca vt bin thin vi chu k bng ?
A. 1, 50s.
B. 0, 50s.
C. 1, 00s.
D. 0, 25s.
Li gii
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30 H-2007:Mt con lc l xo gm vt c khi lng m v l xo c cng k, dao ng iu ha. Nu tng
cng k ln 2 ln v gim khi lng m i 8 ln th tn s dao ng ca vt s ?
A. tng 2 ln.
B. tng 4 ln.
C. gim 4 ln.
D. gim 2 ln.
Li gii
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3008
31 H-2008:C nng ca mt vt dao ng iu ha ?

A. bin thin tun hon theo thi gian vi chu k bng mt na chu k dao ng ca vt.
B. tng gp i khi bin dao ng ca vt tng gp i.
C. bng ng nng ca vt khi vt ti v tr cn bng.
D. bin thin tun hon theo thi gian vi chu k bng chu k dao ng ca vt.
Li gii
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32 H-2008:Mt con lc l xo treo thng ng. Kch thch cho con lc dao ng iu ha theo phng thng ng.
Chu k v bin dao ng ca con lc ln lt l 0, 4s v 8cm. Chn trc xx thng ng chiu dng hng xung,
gc ta ti v tr cn bng, gc thi gian t = 0 khi vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng. Ly gia tc ri t do
g = 10m/s2 v 2 = 10. Thi gian ngn nht k t khi t = 0 n khi lc n hi ca l xo c ln cc tiu l ?
7
3
1
4
s
B.
s
C.
s
D.
s
A.
15
30
30
30
Li gii
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33 H-2008:Mt vt dao ng iu ha c chu k l T. Nu chn gc thi gian t = 0 lc vt qua v tr cn bng, th
trong na chu k u tin, vn tc ca vt bng khng thi im ?
T
T
T
T
A. t = s
B. t = s
C. t = s
D. t = s
6
4
2
8
Li gii
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34 H-2008:Mt cht im dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh X = 3sin(5t + ) (x tnh bng cm v t tnh
6
bng giy). Trong mt giy u tin t thi im t=0, cht im i qua v tr c li x=+1cm ?
A. 7ln.
B. 6ln.
C. 5ln.
D. 4ln.
Li gii
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35 H-2008:Pht biu no sau y l sai khi ni v dao ng ca con lc n (b qua lc cn ca mi trng) ?
A. Khi vt nng v tr bin, c nng ca con lc bng th nng ca n.
B. Chuyn ng ca con lc t v tr bin v v tr cn bng l nhanh dn.
C. Khi vt nng i qua v tr cn bng, th trng lc tc dng ln n cn bng vi lc cng ca dy.
D. Vi dao ng nh th dao ng ca con lc l dao ng iu ha.
Li gii
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36 H-2008:Mt con lc l xo gm l xo c cng 20N/m v vin bi c khi lng 0, 2kg dao ng iu ha.
Ti thi im t, vn tc v gia tc ca vin bi ln lt l 20cm/s v 2 3m/s2 . Bin dao ng ca vin bi l ?

A. 16cm.
B. 4cm.
C. 3cm.
D. 1cm.
Li gii
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37 H-2009:Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha. Bit l xo c cng 36N/m v vt nh c khi lng 100g.
Ly 2 = 10. ng nng ca con lc bin thin theo thi gian vi tn s. ?
A. 6Hz.
B. 3Hz.
C. 12Hz.
D. 1Hz.
CHNG 2.
DAO
NG C VIT (VIT-G EN-HSPHCM) -01268950956
BIN SON:
H
HONG
57
3008
Li gii
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38 H-2009:Chuyn ng ca mt vt l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng. Hai dao ng ny c
3
phng trnh ln lt l x1 = 4cos(10t + ) (cm) v x2 = 3cos(10t
)(cm). ln vn tc ca vt v tr
4
4
cn bng l ?
A. 100cm/s.
B. 50cm/s.
C. 80cm/s.
D. 10cm/s.
Li gii
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39 H-2009:Mt con lc l xo c khi lng vt nh l 50g. Con lc dao ng iu ha theo mt trc c nh nm
ngang vi phng trnh x = Acost. C sau nhng khong thi gian 0, 05s th ng nng v th nng ca vt li
bng nhau. Ly 2 = 10. L xo ca con lc c cng bng ?
A. 50N/m.
B. 100N/m.
C. 25N/m.
D. 200N/m.
Li gii
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40 H-2009:Khi ni v dao ng cng bc, pht biu no sau y l ng? ?
A. Dao ng ca con lc ng h l dao ng cng bc.
B. Bin ca dao ng cng bc l bin ca lc cng bc.
C. Dao ng cng bc c bin khng i v c tn s bng tn s ca lc cng bc.
D. Dao ng cng bc c tn s nh hn tn s ca lc cng bc.
Li gii
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41 H-2009:Mt vt dao ng iu ha theo mt trc c nh (mc th nng v tr cn bng) th ?
A. ng nng ca vt cc i khi gia tc ca vt c ln cc i.
B. khi vt i t v tr cn bng ra bin, vn tc v gia tc ca vt lun cng du.
C. khi v tr cn bng, th nng ca vt bng c nng.
D. th nng ca vt cc i khi vt v tr bin.
Li gii
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42 H-2009:Mt vt dao ng iu ha c ln vn tc cc i l 31,4 cm/s. Ly . Tc trung bnh ca vt
trong mt chu k dao ng l ?
A. 20cm/s
B. 10cm/s
C. 0cm/s
D. 15cm/s
Li gii
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CHNG 2. DAO NG C
58
3008
43 H-2009:Mt con lc l xo gm l xo nh v vt nh dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang vi tn s gc

10rad/s. Bit rng khi ng nng v th nng (mc v tr cn bng ca vt) bng nhau th vn tc ca vt c ln
bng 0, 6m/s. Bin dao ng ca con lcl ?
C. 12 2cm
D. 12cm
A. 6cm
B. 6 2cm
Li gii
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44 H-2009:Ti ni c gia tc trng trng 9, 8m/s2 , mt con lc n v mt con lc l xo nm ngang dao ng
iu ha vi cng tn s. Bit con lc n c chiu di 49cm v l xo c cng 10N/m. Khi lng vt nh ca
con lc l xo l ?
A. 0, 125kg
B. 0, 750kg
C. 0, 500kg
D. 0, 250kg
Li gii
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45 H-2009:Ti mt ni trn mt t, mt con lc n dao ng iu ha. Trong khong thi gian t, con lc thc
hin 60 dao ng ton phn; thay i chiu di con lc mt on 44 cm th cng trong khong thi gian t y, n
thc hin 50 dao ng ton phn. Chiu di ban u ca con lc l ?
A. 144cm.
B. 60cm.
C. 80cm.
D. 100cm.
Li gii
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46 H-2010:: Mt con lc l xo gm vt nh khi lng 0, 02kg v l xo c cng 1N/m. Vt nh c t trn
gi c nh nm ngang dc theo trc l xo. H s ma st trt gia gi v vt nh l 0, 1. Ban u gi vt v
tr l xo b nn 10cm ri bung nh con lc dao ng tt dn. Ly g = 10m/s2 . Tc ln nht vt nh t c
trong
qu trnh dao ngl : ?
B. 60 2
C. 20 2
D. 40 2
A. 10 2
Li gii
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47 H-2010:Lc ko v tc dng ln mt cht im dao ng iu ha c ln ?
A. v hng khng i.
B. t l vi ln ca li v lun hng v v tr cn bng.
C. t l vi bnh phng bin .
D. khng i nhng hng thay i.
Li gii
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48 H-2010:Mt cht im dao ng iu ha vi chu k T. Trong khong thi gian ngn nht khi i t v tr bin
A
c li x =
n v tr , cht im c tc trung bnh l ?
2
3A
9A
5A
7A
A.
B.
C.
D.
2T
2T
2T
2T
Li gii
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3008
49 H-2010:Mt vt dao ng tt dn c cc i lng gim lin tc theo thi gian l ?

A. bin v nng lng.
B. li v tc .
C. bin v tc .
D. bin v gia tc.
Li gii
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50 H-2010:Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi chu k T v bin 5cm. Bit trong mt chu k, khong thi
gian vt nh ca con lc c ln gia tc khng vt qu 100cm/s2 l Ly 2 = 10. Tn s dao ng ca vt l ?
A. 4Hz.
B. 3Hz.
C. 1Hz.
D. 2Hz.
Li gii
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51 H-2010:Vt nh ca mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang, mc th nng ti v tr cn bng.
Khi gia tc ca vt c ln bng mt na ln gia tc cc i th t s gia ng nng v th nng ca vt l ?
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
Li gii
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52 H-2010:Mt con lc n c chiu di dy treo 50cm v vt nh c khi lng 0, 01kg mang in tch
q = 5106C c coi l in tch im. Con lc dao ng iu ha trong in trng u m vect cng in
trng c ln E = 104V /m v hng thng ng xung di. Ly g = 10m/s2 , = 3, 14. Chu k dao ng iu
ha ca con lc l ?
A. 0, 58s.
B. 1, 99s.
C. 1, 40s.
D. 1, 15s.
Li gii
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53 H-2011:Mt con lc n c treo vo trn mt thang my. Khi thang my chuyn ng thng ng i ln
nhanh dn u vi gia tc c ln a th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l 2, 52s. Khi thang my chuyn ng
thng ng i ln chm dn u vi gia tc cng c ln a th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l 3, 15s. Khi
thang my ng yn th chu k dao ng iu ha ca con lc l ?
A. 2, 78s.
B. 2, 96s.
C. 2, 61s.
D. 2, 84s.
Li gii
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.................................................................................................................................................................................................
54 H-2011:Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox vi bin 10cm, chu k 2s. Mc th nng v tr cn
bng. Tc trung bnh ca cht im trong khong thi gian ngn nht khi cht im i t v tr c ng nng bng
3 ln th nng n v tr c ng nng bng th nng l ?
A. 14, 64cm/s.
B. 26, 12cm/s.
C. 21, 96cm/s.
D. 7, 32cm/s.
Li gii
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CHNG 2.
DAO
NG C VIT (VIT-G EN-HSPHCM) -01268950956
BIN SON:
H
HONG
60
2
T ) (x tnh bng cm; t tnh bng s).
3
K t t = 0, cht im i qua v tr c li x = 2cm ln th 2011 ti thi im ?
A. 6030s.
B. 3016s.
C. 3015s.
D. 6031s.
3008
55 H-2011:Mt cht im dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh x = 4cos(
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
56 H-2011:Dao ng ca mt cht im c khi lng 100g l tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng,
c phng trnh li ln lt l x1 = 5cos(10t) v x2 = 10cos(10t) (x1 v x2 tnh bng cm, t tnh bng s). Mc th
nng v tr cn bng. C nng ca cht im bng ?
A. 225J.
B. 0, 1125J.
C. 0, 225J.
D. 112, 5J.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
57 H-2011:Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox. Khi cht im i qua v tr cn bng th tc ca n
l 20cm/s. Khi cht im c tc l 10cm/s th gia tc ca n c ln l 40 3 cm/s2 . Bin dao ng ca

cht im l ?
A. 5cm.
B. 8cm.
C. 4cm.
D. 10cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
58 H-2011:Mt con lc l xo t trn mt phng nm ngang gm l xo nh c mt u c nh, u kia gn vi
vt nh m1 . Ban u gi vt m1 ti v tr m l xo b nn 8cm, t vt nh m2 (c khi lng bng khi lng vt m1 )
trn mt phng nm ngang v st vi vt m1 . Bung nh hai vt bt u chuyn ng theo phng ca trc l xo.
B qua mi ma st. thi im l xo c chiu di cc i ln u tin th khong cch gia hai vt m1 v m2 l ?
A. 5, 7cm.
B. 3, 2cm.
C. 2, 3cm.
D. 4, 6cm.
Li gii
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.................................................................................................................................................................................................
59 H-2011:Khi ni v mt vt dao ng iu ha, pht biu no sau y sai? ?
A. C nng ca vt bin thin tun hon theo thi gian.
B. Vn tc ca vt bin thin iu ha theo thi gian.
C. Lc ko v tc dng ln vt bin thin iu ha theo thi gian.
D. ng nng ca vt bin thin tun hon theo thi gian.
Li gii
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.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
60 H-2011:Mt con lc n ang dao ng iu ha vi bin gc 0 ti ni c gia tc trng trng l g. Bit
lc cng dy ln nht bng 1,02 ln lc cng dy nh nht. Gi tr ca 0 l ?
A. 9, 60 .
B. 6, 60 .
C. 5, 60 .
D. 3, 30 .
Li gii
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3008
SNG C
3.1. I CNG V SNG C HC
3.1.1 C S L THUYT
3.1.1.1
CC KHI NIM V SNG, CHU K, TN S, TN S GC, BIN , BC SNG, TC
TRUYN SNG:
Cc khi nim v sng:
Sng c :l dao ng c c lan truyn trong khng gian theo thi gian trong mi trng vt cht.
Sng ngang: l sng c phng dao ng ca cc phn t sng vung gc vi phng truyn sng. Sng ngang truyn c
trong mi trng rn v trn mt nc.
Sng dc: l sng c phng dao ng ca cc phn t sng trng vi phng truyn sng. Sng dc truyn c
trong cc mi trng rn, lng, kh
Cc i lng c trng ca sng:
Vn tc truyn sng v:L vn tc truyn pha dao ng. Trong mi trng xc nh th tc truyn sng l xc nh.
Tc truyn sng ph thuc vo bn cht mi trng truyn sng
Chu k sng : l chu k dao ng ca cc phn t vt cht khi c sng truyn qua, chu k sng l chu k dao ng
v cng l chu k ca ngun sng.
Tn s sng : l tn s ca cc phn t dao ng khi c sng truyn qua. Chu k sng l tn s dao ng
v cng l tn s ca ngun sng f =
Bc sng: l qung ng sng truyn c trong mt chu k = vT =
Bin
sng
:
l
bin
b
dao
ng
ca
cc
phn
t
sng
khi
c
sng
truyn
qua.
Phng trnh sng:
Phng trnh sng ti mt im trong mi trng truyn sng l phng trnh dao ng ca im .
Gi s phng trnh dao ng ca ngun sng O l = Th phng trnh sng ti im M cch O mt khong x:
u = A cos2( t x ) = A cos(t 2x )
M
M
Tnh
tun
hon
ca
sng:
Ti mt im xc nh trong mi trng truyn sng c x = const. uM l mt hm bin thin iu ha theo thi gian t
vi chu k T
Ti mt thi im xc nh t = const uM l mt hm bin thin iu ha trong khng gian theo bin x vi chu k
61
CHNG 3. SNG C
62
3008
3.1.1.2 NNG LNG, LCH PHA :
D l khi lng ring ca mi trng truyn sng, A l bin .
z
}|
{
2 A2
mD
(J)
Nng lng ca sng t l vi bnh phng bin sng:
E=
z
}|
{
Nng
lng
ca
sng:
l
nng
lng
dao
ng
ca
mt
n
v
th
tch
mi
trng
khi
c
sng
truyn
qua.
truyn theo mt phng c E,A=const.
Sng thng:Sng
Sng truyn trn mt phng.
Gn sng l nhng vng trn ng tm.
Nng lng sng t ngun tri u trn ton b vng trn.

Sng phng:
RN
A2M
WM
=
= 2 =
W0 = 2RM .WM = 2RN .WN =
WN
RM
AN
Sng truyn trong khng gian.
Mt sng c dng l mt cu,
Sng cu: Nng lng sng t ngun tri u trn ton b mt cu.
(
R2N
A2M W R12
WM
2
2
W0 = 4RM .WM = 4RN .WN = W = R2 = A2 A 1
M
N
R
dM dN
Nu hai im M v N trong mi trng truyn sng v cch ngun sng 0 ln lc l dM v dN. = 2
=
k
=
d
d
=
k
M
N
(2k + 1)
= (2k + 1) = dM dN =
(2k + 1)
(2k + 1)
=
= dM dN =
2
4
Ch :
Khong
cch
L
gia
n
ngn
sng lin tip bng (n-1) ln bc sng
z }| {
L = (n 1)
t
Thi gian thc hin dao ng
T = =
n
S dao ng
3.1.2
NG DNG GII TON
1 Mt sng c hc lan truyn t O theo phng Oy vi vn tc v = 40cm/s. Nng lng ca sng bo ton khi
truyn i, Dao ng ti im O: x = 4sin( .t)cm. Bit li ca dao ng ti M thi im t l 3cm. Li ca M

2
sau thi im 6s l: ?
A. 2cm
B. 3cm
C. 2cm
D. 3cm
Li gii
S=2A
z}|{
T
6s = 1, 5T = 1, 5T = T +
= x = 3cm
2
2 Mt ngun sng c hc dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh x = a.cos(10t + /2). Khong cch gn nht trn
phng truyn sng gia hai im m ti cc phn t trong mi trng lch pha nhau mt gc /2 l 5m. Tm v ?
A. 100m/s.
B. 200m/s.
C. 300m/s.
D. 400m/s.
Li gii
CHNG 3. SNG C
3008
2d
=
= (k + 0, 5
{z
|
}
z
}|
{
2d
=
=
= = v = f = 100m/s.
2
gn nht nn k=0
3 Ti im S trn mt nc yn tnh c ngun ddh theo phng thng ng vi f = 50Hz . Khi trn mt nc
hnh thnh h sng trn ng tm S ti hai im M,N cch nhau 9cm trn ng thng qua S dao ng cng phaa
vi nhau bit vn tc nm trong khong 70cm/s n 80cm/s. Tnh vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc ?
A. 65(cm/s)
B. 95(cm/s)
C. 75(cm/s)
D. 85(cm/s)
Li gii
v= . f ;d=k =9
z
}|
{
70 6 v 6 80 = v = 75(cm/s)
4 Trong th nghim v hin tng giao thoa sng trn mt nc hai ngun kt hp Av B dao ng vi tn s
f = 13(Hz) . Ti 1 im M cch ngun AB nhng khong d1 = 16(cm) v d2 = 20(cm) , sng c bin cc i.
Gia M v ng trung trc ca AB c 3 dy cc i khc. Tnh vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc ?
A. 26, 7(cm/s)
B. 20(cm/s)
C. 40(cm/s)
D. 53, 4(cm/s)
Li gii
k=4
z
}|
{
d1 d2 = k = = v = f = 20(cm/s)
5 Mt mi nhn S c gn vo u ca mt l thp nm ngang v chm vo mt nc. Khi u l thp dao ng
theo phng thng ng vi tn s f = 100(Hz), S to trn mt nc mt sng c bin a = 0, 5(cm). Bit khong
cch gia 9 gn li lin tip l 4(cm). Tnh vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc ?
A. 100cm/s
B. 50cm/s
C. 100cm/s
D. 150cm/s
Li gii
l
=
= v = f = 50cm/s
n1
6 Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao ni ln trn mt bin v thy n nh ln cao 6 ln trong 15 giy, coi sng bin
l sng ngang. Tnh chu k dao ng ca sng bin?
A. 3(s)
B. 43(s)
C. 53(s)
D. 63(s)
Li gii
t
1
T= =
= 3s
f
n1
7 Trn mt nc c mt ngun dao ng to ra ti im O mt dao ng iu ha c tn s f = 50(Hz). Trn mt
nc xut hin nhng vng trn ng tm O, mi vng cch nhau 3(cm). Vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc l ?
A. 120(cm/s)
B. 360(cm/s)
C. 150(cm/s)
D. 180(cm/s)
Li gii
v = . f = 150(cm/s)
8 Mt ngun dao ng iu ho vi chu k 0,04s. Vn tc truyn sng bng 200cm/s. Hai im nm trn cng mt
phng truyn sng v cch nhau 6 cm, th c lch pha ?
A. 1, 5.(rad)
B. (rad)
C. 3, 5(rad)
D. 2, 5(rad)
Li gii
2d
2d
=
=
= 1, 5. (rad)
vT
9 Mt si dy n hi rt di c u O dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh u = 10sin2 f t(mm). Vn tc truyn
sng trn dy l 4m/s. Xt im N trn dy cch O 28cm, im ny dao ng lch pha vi O l = (2k + 1)/2
(k thuc Z). Bit tn s f c gi tr t 23Hz n 26Hz. Bc sng ca sng l ?
A. 20cm
B. 16cm
C. 8cm
D. 32cm
63
CHNG 3. SNG C
3008
Li gii
2d
2d. f
=
=
= (2k + 1) = k = = 16cm
v
2
10 Hai ngun sng kt hp cng pha A v B trn mt nc c tn s 15Hz. Ti im M trn mt nc cch cc
ngun on 14,5cm v 17,5cm sng c bin cc i. Gia M v trung trc ca AB c hai dy cc i khc. Vn
tc truyn sng trn mt nc l ?
A. v = 15cm/s
B. v = 22, 5cm/s
C. v = 5cm/s
D. v = 20m/s
Li gii
|MA MB| = k = 3 = 3 = = v = 15cm/s
11 Ngun pht sng S trn mt nc to dao ng vi tn s f = 100Hz gy ra cc sng trn lan rng trn mt
nc. Bit khong cch gia 7 gn li lin tip l 3cm. Vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc bng bao nhiu?
A. 25cm/s.
B. 50cm/s.
C. 100cm/s.
D. 150cm/s.
Li gii
6 = 3 = = v = 50cm/s.
12 u O ca mt si dy n hi nm ngang dao ng iu ho vi bin 3cm vi tn s 2Hz. Sau 2s sng
truyn c 2m. Chn gc thi gian lc u O i qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng. Ly ca im M trn dy
cch O on 2,5m ti thi im 2s l: ?
A. xM = 3cm.
B. xM = 0.
C. xM = 1, 5cm.
D. xM = 3cm.
Li gii
t = 2s = 4T = vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng = xM = 0
13 Mt sng c hc c tn s 45(Hz) lan truyn vi tc 360 (cm/s). Tnh khong cch gn nht gia hai im
trn phng truyn sng dao ng vung pha ?
A. 5cm
B. 4cm
C. 3cm
D. 2cm
Li gii
= 2 cm
4
14 Mt sng c lan truyn vi tn s f = 500Hz, bin A = 0,25mm. Sng lan truyn vi bc sng = 70cm.
Tm tc dao ng cc i ca cc phn t vt cht mi trng ?
A. 2, 785m/s.
B. 1, 785m/s.
C. 3, 785m/s.
D. 0, 785m/s.
Li gii
vmax = 2 f A = 0, 785m/s.
15 Dng mt mi nhn to ra ti A trn mt cht lng yn tnh nhng dao ng iu ho vi chu k 0,5s.Trn mt
cht lng xut hin nhng ng trn ng tm lan rng dn.khong cch gia 5 ng trn lin tip cch nhau
1,4m.Tnh vn tc truyn sng ?
A. 3.175m/s
B. 0.175m/s
C. 1.175m/s
D. 2.175m/s
Li gii
4 = 1, 4 = v =
= 0.175m/s
T
16 Cn rung c mi nhn A chm vo mt nc vi tn s rung f = 100Hz, th trn mt nc c sng lan truyn

vi khong cch gia 2 ngn sng lin tip l 0,5 cm.Chiu sng mt nc bng n nhp nhy pht ra 25 chp sng
trong 1s. Trnh by hin tng quan st c ?
A. 4cm
B. 1cm
C. 2cm
D. 3cm
Li gii
Thi gian gia hai ln chp sng
z
}|
{
t0 = 1/25 = 0, 04 s
m T = 1/ f = 0, 01 = t0 = 4T = S = 4 = 2cm
64
CHNG 3. SNG C
65
3008
17 Hai ngun m im pht sng cu ng b vi tn s f = 680(Hz) c t ti A v B cch nhau 1(m) trong

khng kh. Bit tc truyn m trong khng kh l 340(m/s). B qua s hp th m ca mi trng.Gi I l trung
im ca AB, P l im nm trn trung trc ca AB gn I nht dao ng ngc pha vi I. Tnh khong cch AP?
A. 0, 75(m).
B. 0, 85(m).
C. 0, 95(m).
D. 0, 15(m).
Li gii
= = 0, 5 s
AB
1
= k
2
2
z
}|
{ k=0
AB z }| {
= dmin = 0, 75(m).
= d = (2k + 1) +
2
2
d
AB
d
2
= (2k + 1) = 2
18 Hai ngun sng S1 , S2 trn b mt ca mt cht lng, cch nhau 20cm dao ng vi phng trnh:
u1 = 3cos(30t + ) mm; u2 = 3sin(30t + ) mm. Tc truyn sng trn b mt cht lng l 90cm/s. Coi bin
6
6
ca cc sng khng thay i khi lan truyn. Tnh khong cch gia cch gia hai im dao ng vi bin 3mm
trn on S1 S2 v nm trong khong gia hai im dao ng vi bin cc i lin tip?
A. 2cm.
B. 3cm.
C. 0cm.
D. 1cm.
Li gii
.
12
Khong cch gia hai im c bin 3mm nm trong khong gia hai im dao ng vi bin cc i lin tip l:
= 1cm.
12
Xt trn on S1 S2 , khong cc t im khng dao ng n im dao ng vi bin 3mm l:
CHNG 3. SNG C
66
3008
4 Cho S1 S2 = 3cm, vi S1 , S2 l hai ngun . Trn on S1 S2 c 29 gn sng cc i giao thoa m khong cch gia
2 gn ngoi cng l 2, 8cm. Tnh khong cch t trung im I ca S1S2 ti im gn nht ca trung trc S1 S2 dao
ng cng pha vi I ?
A. 0, 5
B. 0, 8
C. 1, 2
D. 1.4
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2
5 Mt sng c hc lan truyn dc theo mt ng thng c phng trnh sng ti ngun O l: u = U0 cos( t)
T
T
(cm). Mt im M cch ngun O bng 1/3 bc sng thi im t = c dch chuyn uM = 2cm. Bin sng
2
a l ?
4
D. 2 3cm
A. 4cm
B. 2cm
C. cm
3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Trn b mt cht lng c 2 ngun kt hp S1 S2 cch nhau 80 cm dao ng cng pha .Sng do mi ngun pht
ra c tn s 20 Hz, vn tc truyn sng l 6 m/s. im M nm trn ng thng vung gc vi S1S2 ti S1 dao
ng vi bin cc i. on S1M c gi tr nh nht bng bao nhiu ?
A. 33, 3cm
B. 35cm
C. 23, 3cm
D. 20cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Trn b mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp A v B cch nhau 30cm dao ng ngc pha, cng chu k 0, 01s. Bit
tc truyn sng trn mt cht lng v = 3m/s. Xt im M nm trn ng thng vung gc vi AB ti B. ti
M c dao ng vi bin cc tiu th M cch B mt on ln nht bng ?
A. 148, 5cm.
B. 97, 5cm.
C. 20cm.
D. 10, 56cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Ti hai im A v B trn mt nc c hai ngun kt hp cng dao ng vi phng trnh u = acos100t (cm).
tc c truyn sng trn mt nc l v = 40cm/s. Xt im M trn mt nc c AM = 9cm v BM = 7cm. Hai dao
ng ti M do hai sng t A v t B truyn n c pha dao ng ?
A. ngc pha nhau.
B. vung pha nhau.
C. cng pha nhau .
D. lch pha nhau 450 .
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Trn mt nc c hai ngun dao ng M v N cng pha, cng tn s f = 12Hz. Ti im S cch M: 30cm, cch
N : 24cm, dao ng c bin cc i. Gia S v ng trung trc ca MN cn c hai cc i na. Tc truyn
sng trn mt nc l ?
A. 36cm/s.
B. 72cm/s.
C. 24cm/s.
D. 26cm/s.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 Mt sng c hc truyn dc theo trc Ox c phng trnh u = 28cos(20x 2000t)(cm), trong x l to
c tnh bng mt (m), t l thi gian c tnh bng giy (s). Vn tc ca sng l ?
A. 100m/s.
B. 314m/s.
C. 334m/s.
D. 331m/s.
CHNG 3. SNG C
67
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Trn mt mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp cng pha c bin A v 2A dao ng vung gc vi mt
thong cht lng. Nu cho rng sng truyn i vi bin khng i th ti mt im cch hai ngun nhng khong
d1 = 12, 25 v d2 = 7, 5 s
c bin A0 l bao nhiu
?
A. A0 = A
B. A0 = A 5
C. A0 = 3A
D. A0 = 3A
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Trong th nghim giao thoa sng trn mt nc hai ngun AB cch nhau 10cm dao ng cng pha, bc sng
2cm. im M trn ng trn ng knh AB (khng nm trn trung trc ca AB) thuc mt nc gn ng trung
trc ca AB nht dao ng cc i. M cch A mt on nh nht l ?
A. 4cm
B. 5cm
C. 7cm
D. 6cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 Mt sng c hc pht ra t mt ngun O lan truyn trn mt nc vn tc 2m/s. Ngi ta thy hai im M, N
gn nhau nht trn mt nc nm trn cng ng thng qua O v cch nhau 40cm lun dao ng ngc pha nhau.
Tn s sng l ?
A. 0, 4Hz
B. 1, 5Hz
C. 2Hz
D. 2, 5Hz
Li gii
..................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Mt ngi ngi b bin thy c 5 ngn sng nc i qua trc mt mnh trong thi gian 10(s). Chu k dao
ng ca sng bin l ?
A. 2(s)
B. 2, 5(s)
C. 3(s)
D. 4(s)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Ti 1 im O trn mt nc yn tnh c 1 ngun dao ng iu ha theo phng thng ng vi tn s
f = 2(Hz).T im O c nhng gn sng trn lan rng ra xung quanh. Khong cch gia 2 gn sng lin tip l
20(cm). Vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc l ?
A. 20(cm/s)
B. 40(cm/s)
C. 80(cm/s)
D. 120(cm/s)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 Sng lan truyn t ngun O dc theo 1 ng thng vi bin khng i. thi im t = 0 , im O i qua v
tr cn bng theo chiu (+). Mt im cch ngun 1 khong bng /4 c li 5(cm) thi im bng T /2. Bin
ca sng l ?
A. 8(cm
B. 7(cm
C. 6(cm
D. 5(cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
68
3008
17 Ti im S trn mt nc yn tnh c ngun dao ng iu ha theo phng thng ng vi tn s f .khi trn

mt nc hnh thnh h sng trn ng tm S . Ti 2 im M ,N nm cch nhau 5cm trn ng thng i qua S lun
dao ng ngc pha vi nhau . Tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 80cm/s v tn s ca ngun dao ng thay i
t 48HZ n 64HZ .Tn s dao ng ca ngun l ?
A. 64HZ
B. 48HZ
C. 54HZ
D. 56HZ
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 Trong th nghim to vn giao thoa sng trn mt nc, ngi ta dng ngun dao ng c tn s 50Hz v o
c khong cch gia hai gn sng lin tip nm trn ng ni hai tm dao ng l 2 mm. Tc truyn sng trn
dy l ?
A. 10cm/s.
B. 20cm/s.
C. 30cm/s.
D. 40cm/s.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 Mt sng ngang truyn trn si dy n hi rt di vi vn tc sng v = 0, 2m/s, chu k dao ng T = 10s.
Khong cch gia hai im gn nhau nht trn dy dao ng ngc pha nhau l ?
A. 1, 5m.
B. 1m.
C. 0, 5m.
D. 2m.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
20 Mt si dy n hi OB , u B c nh v u O dao ng iu ha c phng trnh uo = 4cos5t(cm) , vn tc
truyn sng trn dy l 24cm/s v gi s trong qu trnh truyn sng bin sng khng i .Phng trnh truyn
sng ti im M cch O on 2, 4cm l?
B. uM = 4cos(5t + )
C. uM = 4cos(5t )
D. uM =
A. uM = 4cos(5t + )
2
4
2
4cos(5t )
4
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.2. SNG M
CHNG 3. SNG C
3.2.1
69
C S L THUYT, CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH:
3008
Sng m: l nhng sng c hc lan truyn trong mi trng vt cht
Sng m truyn trong mi trng rn c vn tc ln nht.
z
}|
{
Sng
m
truyn
c
trong
cc
mi
trng
rn,
lng,
kh
v
khng
truyn
c
trong
chn
khng.
nh ngha:
Tc sng m ph thuc vo bn cht mi trng, nhit , p sut. . .
Sng m l sng dc.
Tai ngi cm nhn m c tn s t 16Hz-20000Hz.
H
m,
siu
m:Sng
c tn s di 16Hz gi l sng h m-Sng c tn s trn 20000Hz gi l sng siu m.
c trng vt l ca m:
Tn
s: m c tn s ln th m nghe cng cao v ngc li m c tn s nh th m nghe cng thp.
kv
Tn s do n pht ra: hai u dy c nh suy ra hai u l nt sng f = ; k N
2l
ng vi k = 1 suy ra m pht ra m c bn c tn s f =
2l

k = 2, 3, 4. . . c cc ho m bc 2 (tn s f2=2f1), bc 3 (tn s f3=3f1). . .
ra Mt u bt kn, mt u h suy ra mt u l nt sng, mt u l bng sng
Tn s do ng so pht
ng
vi k = 0 suy ra m pht ra m c bn c tn s f =
(2k + 1)v
4l
;
k
N
f
=
4l
k = 1, 2, 3. . . c cc ho m bc 3 (tn s 3f1), bc 5 (tn s 5f1). . .
Cng
m
I:
Nng lng m truyn qua mt n v din tch t vung gc vi phng truyn m, trong mt n v thi gian
{z
}
P:cng sut m; S: din tch m truyn qua

z
}|
{
W
P
I=
= (W /m )
St
S
Mc cng m L (dB): LB = lg( )
I0
{z
}
12
2
I:
cng
m;
I0
:cng
m
chun=10
W
/m
Nhc m l nhng m c tn s xc nh.
Tp m l nhng m c tn s khng xc nh
m c bn - ha m:
Mt nhc c pht m c tn s f0 th cng c kh nng pht m c tn s 2 f0 , 3 f0 . . .
th dao ng m:
m c tn s f l m c bn.
m
c
tn
s
2
f0 , 3 f0 . . . l cc ha m.
Tp hp cc ha m gi l ph ca nhc m ( th dao ng m)
c
trng
sinh
l
ca
m:
cao: L c trng sinh l ph thuc: Lin quan n tn s m, khng ph thuc vo nng lng m.
to: L c trng sinh l ph thuc vo mc cng d m v tn s m.
m sc:L tnh cht gip ta phn bit c cc m khc nhau do cc ngun m pht ra.
Vn tc truyn sng trn dy: ph thuc vo lc cng dy F v mt khi lng trn mt n v chiu di
rl
v =
CHNG 3. SNG C
3.2.2
70
CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH:
3008
E
P
P
= =
Cng m ti im cch ngun m (c cng sut P) mt khong R l: I =
St
S
4R2
L(B) =
S2
d2
I1
I0
= ( )2
Mc
cng
m:
= L1 (B) L2 (B) = =
I2
S1
d1
L(dB) = 10
I0
I1
S2
d2
Cng sut ca ngun m : P = SI = 4d 2 I =

=
= ( )2
I2
S1
d1
Mt khi lng trn mt n v chiu di: = m
l
r
Vn tc truyn sng trn dy:
v
=
lc
cng
dy
F
Tn
s
sng
m
do
dy
n
pht
ra
(hai
u c nh):
f = k ; k = 1, m pht ra l m c bn, k = 2,.., m pht ra l cc ha m.
2l
Tn s sng m do ng so pht ra (mt u bt kn, mt u h):
v
(2k + 1) + 1
f = (2k + 1) ; s nt = s bng =
4l
2
Hp cng hng l mt vt rng, mt u kn, mt u h c kch thc thch hp th m pht ra
s gi nguyn cao ca ngun m nhng c cng m tng ln rt r rt.
Hin
tng
cng
hng:
Nu tn s f ca ngun dao ng gn bng tn s ring f0 ca hp th c cng hng m.
Tn s ring ca hp cng hng: f0 = (2k + 1) v
4l
3.2.3
NG DNG GII TON
1 Hai ha m lin tip do mt dy n pht ra c tn s hn km nhau 56 Hz, ha m th ba v ha m th nm c

tn s bng bao nhiu?
A. 280, 162Hz
B. 162, 280Hz
C. 125, 420Hz
D. 420, 125Hz
Li gii
fn fn1 = 56 = n f1 (n 1) f1 = 56 = f1 = 56 = f3 , f5 = 280, 162Hz
3 Mt ngi ng cch ngun m mt khong d th cng m l I. Khi ngi tin ra xa ngun m mt on
40m th cng m gim ch cn . Tnh khong cch d ?
A. 20m
B. 30m
C. 40m
D. 50m
Li gii
r
d + 40
I1
=
= d = 20m
d
I2
4 Ti mt im A nm cch xa ngun m O (coi nh ngun im) mt khong OA = 1 m, mc cng m l
LA = 90 (dB). Cho bit ngng nghe ca m chun I0 = 1012 (W /s2 ).Gi s ngun m v mi trng u ng
hng. Tnh cng sut pht m ca ngun O. ?
A. 12, 6103 (W )
B. 12, 6106 (W )
C. 59, 7103 (W )
D. 7, 59106 (W )
Li gii
LA =ln
I
I0
}|
9
W0 = IA .SA = I0 .10 .4OA = 12, 610
{
(W )
5 Mc cng m ti im A trc mt ci loa mt khong OA = 1ml70(dB) .Mt ngi ng trc loa 100m
th khng nghe c m do loa pht ra na. Hy xc nh ngng nghe ca tai ngi (theo n v (W /s2 ). Cho
bit ngng nghe ca m chun I0 = 1012 (W /s2 ).B qua s hp th m ca khng kh v s phn x m. ?
A. 109 (W /s2 )
B. 108 (W /s2 )
C. 107 (W /s2 )
D. 106 (W /s2 )
Li gii
IA SA
IA 4OA2
IC =
=
= 109 (W /s2 )
SC
4OC2
CHNG 3. SNG C
71
3008
6 Mt ng so dc c ming l thi hi (ngun m) cch l ng vi m la cao 19 cm. Vn tc truyn m trong

khng kh nhit phng lc thi so l 331 (m/s) .Tnh tn s ca m la cao , bit rng hai u ct khng kh
trong ng so (u ch ngun m v u nt la cao) l hai bng sng dng. ?
A. 817 Hz
B. 781 Hz
C. 187 Hz
D. 871 Hz
Li gii
l=n
2
z
}|
{
nv
v
f=
=
871 Hz
2l
2l
7 Mt ng so bng nhm khi nhit mi trng l 150C th m c pht ra v ct khng kh trong ng xut
hin sng dng vi hai bng sng hai u, gia chng ch c mt nt sng. Bit vn tc truyn m trong khng
kh t l thun vi cn bc hai ca nhit tuyt i khng kh. Vn tc m nhit 00C l v = 330(m/s) .Tnh
khong cch gia ming l thi hi v l ng vi m La3 (c tn s 440 Hz ) trn ng so. ?
A. 85, 3 (cm)
B. 38, 5 (cm)
C. 83, 5 (cm)
D. 58, 3 (cm)
Li gii
v
l= =
=
2
2f
r
v0
T
T0
2f
38, 5 (cm)
8 Ba im O,A,B cng nm trn mt na ng thng xut pht t O. Ti O t mt ngun im pht sng m

ng hng ra khng gian, mi trng khng hp th m. Mc cng m ti A l 60dB, ti B l 20dB. Mc
cng m ti trung im M ca on AB l ?
A. 26dB
B. 17dB
C. 34dB
D. 40dB
Li gii
dA + dB 101
=
.dA =50,5dA
2
2
}|
V M l trung im AB nn dM =
{
IA
dM 2
LA LM = log = log( ) = LM = 6 3, 406 = 2, 6B = 26dB
IM
dA
|
{z
}
I
I
B
d
A
LA LB =log IAo log IBo =log IA =log( dB )2 =4B = dB =100.dA
Ta c th gii nhanh nh sau: L =
La Lb
3
== 26dB
La + Lb
9 Mt my bay bay cao h1 = 100m , gy ra mt t ngay pha di mt ting n c mc cng m

L1 = 130dB. Mun gim ting n ti mc chu c L1 = 100dB th my bay phi bay cao ?
A. 3162m
B. 700m
C. 1000m
D. 500m
Li gii
L2 L1 =30dB=3B
{
r }|
I1
r2 = r1
= 3162m
I2
10 Cng sut m cc i ca mt my nghe nhc gia nh l 10W . Cho rng c truyn trn khong cch 1m th
nng lng m b gim 5% so vi ln u do s hp th ca mi trng truyn m. I0 = 1012 (W /m2 ) . Nu m to
ht c th mc cng m khong cch 6m l ?
A. 103dB
B. 102dB
C. 104dB
D. 105dB
Li gii
E0 E1
E1
E6
P6
=0,05 =
=0,95 =
=(0,95)6 =
=(0,95)6
E0
E0
E0
P0
z
}|
{
I
P/S
E/4d 2 .t
L = 10log( ) = 10log(
) = 10log(
) = 102dB
I0
I0
I0
CHNG 3. SNG C
72
3008
11 Mt ngun m l ngun im pht m ng hng trong khng gian ,gi s khng c s hp th m. Ti mt

im cch ngun m 10(m) c mc cng m l 80(dB) th ti mt im cch ngun m 1(m) c mc cng
m bng bao nhiu ?
A. 100dB
B. 200dB
C. 300dB
D. 400dB
Li gii
(R1 )2
I1
) = 2B = L2 = 100dB
L2 L1 = lg( ) = lg(
I2
(R2 )2
12 Mc cng m ti 1 im M cch ngun m 50cm l 100dB.Tm mc cng m ti 1 im N cch M
100cm .Bit M,N cng nm trn 1 ng thng ni vi ngun m , N cch xa ngun hn M. ?
A. 46, 90dB
B. 60, 49dB
C. 90, 46dB
D. 40, 96dB
Li gii
I2
(R1 )2
L2 L1 = 10log( ) = 10log(
) = L2 = 90, 46dB
I1
(R2 )2
13 Ngun m im S pht ra sng m truyn trong mi trng ng cp c hai im A,B nm trn na g thng
xut pht t hai ngun. Mc cng m ti A l L=40dB t B l L=80dB. B qua s hp th m. Mc cng
m ti trung im C ca AB ?
A. 46dB
B. 47dB
C. 48dB
D. 49dB
Li gii
La Lb
L= 3
= 46dB
La + Lb
14 Trong 1 bui ha nhc, gi s c 5 chic kn ng ging nhau pht ra sng m c L = 50dB, c mc cng
m 60dB th cn s kn ?
A. 30ci
B. 90ci
C. 50ci
D. 70ci
Li gii
L2 L1 = 10log(N/5) = N = 50ci
15 Hai loa m thanh nh ging nhau to thnh 2 ngun kt hp t ti S1 v S2 cch nhau 5 m. Chng pht ra m
c tn s f = 440 Hz. Vn tc truyn m v = 330 m/s. Ti im M ngi quan st nghe c m to nht u tin khi
i t S1 n S2. Khong cch t M n S1 ?
A. 1m
B. 0, 25m
C. 0, 5m
D. 0, 75m
Li gii
d1 +d2 =5; =5;k=6 m to nht u tin
z
}|
{
d1 d2 = k = k = 6
= d1 = 0, 25m
16 Trn phng vung gc vi mt bc tng, ngi ta t ngun m ti N gn tng v ngun thu m ti M kh

xa N. Khi ngun pht m thay i tn s, ngi ta thy my thu ghi c m to nht vi hai m c tn s gn nhau
nht l 540Hz v 810Hz. B qua s thay i ca bin m khi lan truyn. Xc nh tn s m nh nht m my thu
m c th ghi c m to nht. ?
A. fmin = 135Hz
B. fmin = 136Hz
C. fmin = 137Hz
D. fmin = 138Hz
Li gii
d2 d1
v
v
f
= (0, 5 + k) = f = (k + 0, 5)
= fmin = (0, 5)
=
= 135Hz
= v/ f
d
d
2
17 khong cch 1m trc mt ci loa mc cng m l 70dB. B qua s hp th m ca khng kh v s phn
x m trn tng. Bit cng m chun l I0=10- 12 W/m2. Coi sng m do loa pht ra l sng cu v c cng
m t l nghch vi bnh phng khong cch. Tnh mc cng m do loa pht ra ti im cch 5m trc loa?
A. 53dB
B. 54dB
C. 55dB
D. 56dB
Li gii
I
L2 L1 = 10log( 2 )
I1
I2 = ( r1 )2
I1
r2
= L2 = 56dB
CHNG 3. SNG C
73
3008
18 khong cch 1m trc mt ci loa mc cng m l 70dB. B qua s hp th m ca khng kh v s phn

x m trn tng. Bit cng m chun l I0=10- 12 W/m2. Coi sng m do loa pht ra l sng cu v c cng
m t l nghch vi bnh phng khong cch. Mt ngi ng trc v cch loa ni trn ngoi 100m th khng
nghe c m do loa pht ra na. Hy xc nh ngng nghe ca tai ngi . ?
A. 109 W /m2
B. 108 W /m2
C. 107 W /m2
D. 106 W /m2
Li gii
I3
L3 =10log( )
I0
I
z }| {
L3 L1 = 10log( 3 )
3
I1
= L3 = 30dB = I3 = 10 I0 = 109 W /m2
I3
r1 2
=( )
I1
r3
19 Hai mi nhn S1 , S2 ban u cch nhau 8cm gn u mt cn rung c tn s f = 100Hz, c t chm nh
vo mt nc. Tc truyn sng trn mt nc l v = 0, 8m/s. C nh tn s rung, thay i khong cch S1 S2 .
li quan st c hin tng giao thoa n nh trn mt nc, phi tng khong cch S1 S2 mt on t nht bng bao
nhiu ?
B.
C.
D.
A.
2
3
4
8
Li gii
Khi h sng n nh th hai im S1, S2 l hai tiu im ca cc hypecbol v rt gn chng xem gn ng l ng
yn, cn trung im I ca S1S2 lun nm trn vn giao thoa cc i. Do ta c:
8cm=10 =20
2
z}|{
S1 S2
= 2S1 I = 2k + 1) = ch cn tng S1S2 mt khong:
S1 I = S2 I = (2k + 1) =
4
2
2
3.2.4
CC BI TP NGH
1 Mt ngun m pht ra mt sng m coi nh mt sng cu. Ti mt im cch ngun m mt on d c cng

m l I0 . Khi tin ra xa ngun m thm mt on x th o c cng l I, cn khi tin li gn ngun m thm
mt on x th o c cng m l 2, 25I. Khi tin ra xa ngun m thm mt on 2x th cng m l ?
16
25
25
36
A. I0
B. I0
C. I0
D. I0
25
16
49
49
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Trong mt mi trng khng hp th m c mt ngun im O pht sng m ng hng. im A cch ngun
1m c cng m 4W /m2 . Cng m ti B cch ngun 2m l ?
A. 2W /m2
B. 1, 5W /m2
C. 1W /m2
D. 3W /m2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Mt ngi ng trc cch ngun m S mt on d . Ngun ny pht sng cu, b qua s hp th m ca khng
kh. Khi ngi i li gn ngun m 50m th thy mc cng m tng thm 3dB. Khong cch d l
?
A. 22, 5m.
B. 29, 3m.
C. 222m.
D. 171m.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Mt ngi ng cch mt ngun m mt khong l d th cng m l I. Khi ngi tin ra xa ngun m
thm mt khong 20m th cng m gim ch cn bng I/4. Coi khng kh khng hp th nng lng m. Khong
cch d l ?
A. 10m.
B. 20m.
C. 40m.
D. 160m.
CHNG 3. SNG C
74
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Cu 1: Mt ngun m N pht m u theo mi hng. Ti im A cch N on RA c mc cng m
LA (dB)th ti im B cch N on RB c mc cng m LB (dB)l: ?
RA
RA
A. LB = LA + lg (dB).
B. LB = LA + 10lg (dB).
RB
RB
RA
RA
C. LB = LA 20lg (dB).
D. LB = LA + 20lg (dB).
RB
RB
CHNG 3. SNG C
75
3008
11 Mt ngun m O (coi nh ngun im) cng sut 4(mW ). Gi s ngun m v mi trng u ng hng,
b qua s hp th m v phn x m ca mi trng. Cho bit ngng nghe v ngng au i vi m ln lt
1011 (W /m2 ) v 103 (W /m2 ). nghe c m m khng c cm gic au th phi ng trong phm vi no trc
O?
A. 1m 10000m
B. 1m 1000m
C. 10m 1000m
D. 10m 10000m
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Mt ci ci c coi nh ngun m im pht ra m phn b u theo mi hng. Cch ngun m 10km mt
ngi va nghe thy m. Bit ngng nghe v ngng au i vi m ln lt l 1010 (W /m2 ) v 1(W /m2 ).
Hi cch ci bao nhiu th ting ci bt u gy cm gic au ?
A. 0, 1m
B. 0, 2m
C. 0, 3m
D. 0, 4m
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 Sng m truyn t P n Q trong khng gian, mi trng khng hp th m. Bit tng hai mc cng m ti
hai im P, Q l 90dB v cng m gia chng chnh lch nhau 1013 ln. im P cch ngun m 10m. Tnh cng
sut c ngn m. Cho cng m chun I0 = 1012 (W /s) ?
A. 0, 314W
B. 1, 256mW
C. 3, 142(mW )
D. 1, 256.106W
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Ba im O, A, B cng nm trn mt na ng thng xut pht t O. Ti O t mt ngun im pht sng m
ng hng ra khng gian, mi trng khng hp th m. Mc cng m ti A l 60dB, ti B l 20dB. Mc cng
m ti trung im M ca on AB l ?
A. 26dB.
B. 17dB.
C. 34dB.
D. 40dB.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Mt ngun m S pht ra sng m truyn trong mi trng ng hng. Khi i t A n B nm trn na ng
thng xut pht t S th mc cng m gim i 20dB. Cng m ti trung im C ca AB ln hn cng
m ti B l ?
A. 50 ln
B. 30,25 ln
C. 10 ln
D. 5,5 ln
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 Mt ng di 0, 5m c mt u kn, mt y h, trong c khng kh. Tc truyn m trong khng kh l
340m/s. Ti ming ng c cng ngang mt dy di 2m. cho dy dao ng n pht m c bn, ng thi xy ra hin
tng cng hng m vi ng v m do ng pht ra cng l m c bn. ?
A. 550m/s
B. 680m/s
C. 1020m/s
D. 1540m/s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
76
3008
17 Mt ng thy tinh dng ng, u di kn, u trn h, cha nc. Thay i ct nc lm cho chiu cao ct
khng kh trong ng c th thay i trong khong t 45cm n 85cm. Mt m thoa dao ng trn ming ng vi
tn s 680Hz. Bit tc m trong khng kh l 340m/s. Lc c cng hng m trong khng kh th chiu di ct
khng kh l ?
A. 56, 5cm
B. 48, 8cm
C. 75cm
D. 62, 5cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 Cho hai loa l ngun pht sng m S1, S2 pht m cng phng trnh us1 = us2 = acos(t). Vn tc sng m
trong khng kh l 330(m/s). Mt ngi ng v tr M cch S1 : 3(m), cch S2 : 3, 375(m). Vy tn s m b nht,
M ngi khng nghe c m t hai loa l bao nhiu ?
A. 420(Hz)
B. 440(Hz)
C. 460(Hz)
D. 480(Hz)
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 Mt t ang chy v pha mt bc tng dng thng ng vi mt ng nm ngang, xe t c tc 10m/s.
Ti x bp ci pht ra m c tn s f = 400Hz, ti x s nghe m vng li c tn s bao nhiu .Tc truyn m
trong khng kh l 340m/s. ?
A. 424, 24 Hz
B. 224, 13 Hz
C. 135, 68 Hz
D. 569, 59 Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
20 Mt dy n dao ng pht ra m c bn c bc sng trong khng kh l . Cng vi dy n nhng
pht ra m c bn c bc sng /2 th sc cng dy tng hay gim bao nhiu ln. ?
A. tng ln 2 ln.
B. gim ln 2 ln.
C. gim ln 4 ln.
D. tng ln 4 ln.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
21 Mt ci loa in ng vi mng rung c din tch S = 300cm2 , khi lng m = 5g v c tn s dao ng ring
l f0 = 100Hz. Tn s dao ng ring ca n s l bao nhiu khi gn n ln ming mt ci hp rng c th tch
V0 = 40lt nh hnh .Trong khi h thng hot ng, coi nhit ca kh trong hp l khng i. Ly p sut kh
quyn p0 = 105 Pa.?
A. 146 Hz
B. 147 Hz
Li gii
3.3. GIAO THOA SNG
C. 148 Hz
D. 149 Hz
CHNG 3. SNG C
3.3.1
77
C S L THUYT
3008
Giao thoa l s tng hp ca hai hay nhiu sng kt hp trong khng gian, trong c nhng ch m bin dao ng
(sng tng hp) cc i hay cc tiu.
Hin tng giao thoa ch xy ra vi cc sng kt hp. l cc sng c cng tn s v lch pha ca chng khng thay
i theo thi gian.
Qu tch nhng im c bin cc i l ng trung trc ca AB v h ng hyperbol thng nt nhn A,B
lm tiu im.
Qu tch nhng im c bin cc tiu l h ng hyperbol t nt nhn A,B lm tiu im, nm xen k vi
nhng nhnh hyperbol cc i.
Khong cch gia hai bng hay hai nt sng lin tip nhau bng na bc sng.
Ch :
Phng trnh giao thoa ca hai sng kt hp S1, S2 ti im M cch hai ngun ln lt d1, d2
Phng trnh sng

f t + 1 ) v ti S2 : u2 = Acos(2 f t + 2 )

ti S1 : u1 = Acos(2
d2 d1 1 + 2
2
1
= uM = 2a cos(
+
) cos(2 f t
+
)
d2 d1
AM = 2a cos(
+
)
S1 S2
S1 S2
S ng hoc im cc i (AM = 2A) tho mn :

+
6k6
+
S1 S2 1
S1 S2 1
S
ng
hoc
im
cc
tiu
(AM
=
0
)
tho
mn
:
+
6
k
6
+
2 2
2 2
S
ng
hoc
s
im
cc
i
tho mn :
S
S
S
S
1
2
1
2
6k6
= N = 2kmax + 1
Hai
ngun
dao
ng
cng
pha:
=
0
=
S ng hoc s im cc tiu tho mn:
S1 S2 1 6 k 6 S1 S2 1 = N = 2k + 2 = 2 |k |
max
min
S ng hoc s im cc i tho mn :
S1 S2 1 6 k 6 S1 S2 1 = N = 2kmax + 2 = 2 |kmin |
2
2
Ch : Hai ngun dao ng ngc pha : = =
S ng hoc s im cc tiu tho mn :
S1 S2
S1 S2
6k6
= N = 2kmax + 1
S ng hoc s im cc i tho mn :
S1 S2 + 1 6 k 6 S1 S2 + 1
=
Hai ngun dao ng vung pha : =
S ng hoc s im cc tiu tho mn :
S1 S2 1 6 k 6 S1 S2 1 = N
S gn li quan st c hoc s ng Hypebol = s im (ng) cc i 1 ; trong khong S1,S2 b du =
3.3.2
3.3.2.1
Tm v hoc f:
Bit khong cch t im M ti 2 ngun ln lt l d1 , d2 . Ti M dao ng vi bin cc i. Gia M vi ng trung

trc
ca AB c N dy cc i khc. Tm v hoc f ( bi s cho mt trong 2 i lng):
Xc nh bc K ca dy cc i ti M: |k| = n + 1
v
p dng cng thc cho im dao ng cc i: |d2 d1 | = k = k.v.t = k. = v; f
f
CHNG 3. SNG C
3.3.2.2
78
Xc nh tnh cht ca im dao ng:
3008
Bit khong cch t im M ti 2 ngun ln lt l d1 , d2 . Xc nh tnh cht ca im dao ng M. Cho bit hoc v v
f.
(
= 0 = M l im thuc dy dao ng cc i. Bc k = n
|d2 d1 |
= n + =
= 0, 5 = M l im thuc dy dao ng cc tiu. Bc n + 1
3.3.2.3
lch pha:
Bit lch pha ca hai ngun cng truyn ti im M trn cng mt phng truyn sng khong cch t im M ti 2
ngun ln lt l d1 , d2 . Xc nh khong
cch hoc , v v f
Cng pha : = k2 = v, , d2 d1 ,
2
=
(d2 d1 ) = (d2 d1 ) = Ngc pha : = (2k + 1) = v, , d2 d1 ,
Vung pha : = (2k + 1) = v, , d2 d1 ,

2
3.3.2.4
S im dao ng cc i,cc tiu trn on, khong thng AB:
S im dao ng cc i trn on thng AB: ( lun l s l): [2n

(+ 1]
[2n] : x 0, 5
S im dao ng cc tiu trn on thng AB( lun l s chn):
[2n + 1] : x 0, 5
(
|AB|
= n + =
2.n 1 : x = 0
S im dao ng cc i trong khong A B:
2.n + 1 : x , 0
[2n] : x 0, 5
S im dao ng cc tiu trong khong A B: [2n + 1] : x 0, 5
3.3.2.5
S im dao ng cc i trn on, khong: AB (A,B l 2 ngun) ; CD (bit ABCD l hnh vung,A,B l
2 ngun),...:
d1 d2 = (M ).
2
M = (2k + 1) : Cc tiu
= k2 : Cc i
3.3.3
= d1 d2
NG DNG GII TON
1 mt nc c hai ngun sng c A v B cch nhau 15cm, dao ng iu ha cng tn s, cng pha theo phng
vung gc vi mt nc. im M nm trn AB, cch trung im O l 1, 5cm, l im gn O nht lun dao ng vi
bin cc i. Trn ng trn tm O, ng knh 20cm, nm mt nc c s im lun dao ng vi bin
cc i l ?
A. 18.
B. 16.
C. 22.
D. 16.
Li gii
Ngun AB khng to thnh ng cc i
Tnh lun AB
z
}|
{
AB
= 1, 5 = = 3cm =
= 5, 0 = 2.5 + 1 = 11 ng cc i =
2
18im
z }| {
11 2 = 9
2 Trong th nghim giao thoa sng trn mt nc, hai ngun AB cch nhau 14,5cm dao ng ngc pha. im M
trn AB gn trung im I ca AB nht, cch I l 0,5cm lun dao ng cc i. S im dao ng cc i trn ng
elp thuc mt nc nhn A, B lm tiu im l ?
A. 30 im
B. 28 im
C. 18 im
D. 14 im
Li gii
Hai ngun ngc pha nn trung im cc tiu khong cc t cc i n cc tiu l: /4
z
}|
{
= 0, 5 = = 2cm =
4
AB
= 7, 25 = 7.2 = 14 ng cc i = 28im
CHNG 3. SNG C
79
3008
2 Ti hai im A,B trong khng kh cch nhau 0, 4m, c hai ngun pht sng m cng pha, cng bin cng tn
s 800Hz,vn tc trong khng kh 340m/s. Coi bin sng khng i trong khong AB. S im khng nghe c
m trong on AB l bao nhiu? ?
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Li gii
1 im 1 im
im khng nghe c m gn nht cch trung im ca AB 1 khong:
z}|{ z }| {
v
B} = 2
} O
= = 0, 425m 4 |A{z
| {z
f
Hai ngun cng pha th ng trung trc nghe r nht
0,2m
0,2m
3 Ti 2 im A,B trn mt cht lng c 2 ngun pht sng dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh
u1 = u2 = a.cos(100t)(mm).AB = 13(cm), mt im C trn mt cht lng cch im B mt khong BC = 13(cm)
v hp vi AB mt gc 1200 , tc truyn sng trn mt cht lng l 1(m/s). Trn cnh AC c s im dao ng
vi bin cc i l ? ?
A. 13 (im)
B. 23 (im)
C. 33 (im)
D. 43 (im)
Li gii
v
=2cm
f
z
}|
{
AB 13
=
= 6, 5 = 6.2 + 1 = 13 (im)
2
|
{z
}
=
Hai ngun cng pha, trung im dao ng cc i ,AC AB , s im dao ng vi bin cc i trn AC bng s im trn AB
4 Trn mt nc nm ngang c hai ngun sng kt hp cng pha A, B cch nhau 6, 5cm, bc sng = 1cm. X t
im M c MA = 7, 5cm, MB = 10cm. S im dao ng vi bin cc tiu trn on MB l ?
A. 6 im
B. 7 im
C. 8 im
D. 9 im
Li gii
Vi 2 ngun ngc pha, N s l cc tiu nu: d d=k
z
}|
{
AB d d |MA MB| = 6, 5 k 2, 5 = c 8 gi tr k =
8 im
5 Hai ngun kt hp A v B cch nhau L = 21cm dao ng cng pha vi tn s 100Hz.Vn tc truyn sng bng
4m/s.Bao A,B bng mt vng trn (C) tm O nm ti trung im AB,bn knh ln hn 10cm.Tnh s vn li (dao
ng bin cc i) ct na vng trn (C) nm v mt pha AB ?
A. 8 vn
B. 9 vn
C. 10 vn
D. 11 vn
Li gii
v
400
L
= =
= 4cm =
= 5, 25 = 2.5 + 1 = 11 vn
f
100
6 Hai ngun kt hp S1 v S2 ging nhau,S1 S2 = 8cm, f = 10(Hz).vn tc truyn sng 20cm/s. Hai im M v N
trn mt nc sao cho S1 S2 l trung trc ca MN. Trung im ca S1 S2 cch MN 2cm v MS1 = 10cm.s im cc
i trn on MN l : ?
A. 3 im
B. 1 im
C. 2 im
D. 0 im
CHNG 3. SNG C
80
M xa A nht:k=1
3008
z
}|
{
MB MA = m ta c MA2 + AB2 = MB2 = = 2cm .V trn on AB c 21 vn cc i = N gn A nht:
NB NA = 10 .M ta c NA2 + AB2 = NB2 = NA = 1.025cm.
8 2 ngun A B ging nhau.AB = 12cm, = 1, 6cm .Gi C l im cch u 2 ngun v cch trung im O ca AB
mt on khong 8cm.S im dao ng ngc pha vi ngun trn on CO l ?
A. 5 im
B. 4 im
C. 3 im
D. 2 im
Li gii
6 6 (k + 0, 5) 6 10 = k = 4, 5 = 2 im
9 Hai ngun kt hp A v B ging nhau trn mt thong cht lng dao ng vi tn s 8Hz v bin a = 1mm.
B qua s mt mt nng lng khi truyn sng, vn tc truyn sng trn mt thong l 12(cm/s). im M nm trn
mt thong cch A v B nhng khong AM = 17, 0 cm, BM = 16, 25cm dao ng vi bin ?
A. 1cm.
B. 0cm.
C. 2cm.
D. 3cm.
Li gii
= v/ f = 0.12/8 = 0.015m = 1.5cm =
AM BM
= 0, 5 = (k + 0, 5) = k = 0 = Ti M dao ng cc tiu =
a=0
)cm, u2 =
2
acos(50t)cm. vn tc truyn song 1m/s. hai im P, Q thuc h vn giao thoa,vi PS1 PS2 = 5cm, QS1 QS2 =
7cm.Hi P,Q nm trn ng cc i hay cc tiu ?
A. P cc i, Q cc tiu
B. P cc tiu, Q cc i
C. P, Q thuc cc tiu
D. P,Q thuc cc i
10 Trn mt nc c 2 ngun kt hp S1,S2 dao ng theo phng trnh ln lt u1 = acos(50t +
Li gii
Hai ngun vung pha c = vT = 4(cm)
1
Vi P:S1 PS2 = 5cm = (1 + ) = : cc i
4
3
Vi Q:QS1 QS2 = 7cm = (1 + ) = : cc tiu
4
11 Ti mt nc nm ngang, c hai ngun kt hp A v B dao ng theo phng thng ng vi phng trnh ln
lt l uA = a1 .sin(40t + ) cm, uB = a2 sin(40t + )cm. Hai ngun tc ng ln mt nc ti hai im A v

6
2
B cch nhau 18cm. Bit tc truyn sng trn mt nc v = 120 cm/s. Gi C v D l hai im thuc mt nc sao
cho ABCD l hnh vung. S im dao ng vi bin cc tiu trn on CD l ?
A. 2
B. 12
C. 13
D. 21
Li gii
d1 d2 = (M ). 2
= d1 d2 = 6k + 2
M = (2k + 1)
=
2 6
= AD BD 6k + 2 AC BC = 1, 5 k 0, 9 = 2
12 Cho 2 ngun kt hp S1,S2 cng pha cch nhau 20cm, = 2cm. Trung im ca S1S2 l O. Gi M l im
nm trn ng trung trc ca S1S2 v gn O nht dao ng cng pha vi S1. Tm OM ?
A. 7, 01cm
B. 6, 63cm
C. 2, 47cm
D. 2, 13cm
Li gii
d1 l khong cch t S1 in im thuc trung trc ca S1S2 (khc O );k=6 v l im gn nht
z
}|
{
(d1 + d2 )
= k2, d1 = d2 = d1 = 2k = d1 OS1 = k 5
|
{z
6, 63cm
OM l cnh gc vung ca tam gic OMS1 vung ti O
= OM =
}
d12 OS12 = 122 102 = 4 11
CHNG 3. SNG C
81
3008
13 cho giao thoa 2 ngun sng kt hp ng pha S1 v S2 trn b mt cht lng bit 2 im dao ng cc i trn
on thng S1 v S1 cch nhau 1cm. Hai im M v N trn mt cht lng M cch S1 8 cm ,cch S2 l 11cm .N cch
S1 l 14cm ,S2 l 10cm s im dao ng cc i trn MN ?
A. 18 im
B. 4 im
C. 28 im
D. 14 im
Li gii
= 2cm = MS1 MS2 6 k 6 NS1 NS2 = k = 1, 0, 1, 2 = 4 im
14 Trong th nghim giao thoa sng nc, hai vin bi nh S1 , S2 gn cn rung cch nhau 2cm v chm nh vo
mt nc. Khi cn rung dao ng theo phng thng ng vi tn s f = 100Hz th to ra sng truyn trn mt nc
vi vn tc v = 60cm/s. Mt im M nm trong min giao thoa v cch S1 , S2 cc khong d1 = 2, 4cm, d2 = 1, 2cm.
Xc nh s im dao ng vi bin cc i trn on MS1 . ?
A. 9 im
B. 8 im
C. 6 im
D. 7 im
Li gii
k=2
z
}|
{
S1 S2
S1 S2
k
= N = 2kmax + 1 = 7 im ti M d2 d1 = 2 = MS1 c 6 im
15 Mt dy thp nh un thnh hnh ch U(hai nhnh ca n cch nhau 8cm ) c gn vo u mt l thp

nm ngang v t sao cho hai u S1 v S2 cu si dy tho chm nh vo mt nc. Cho l thp rung vi tn sso
f=100Hz, bin dao dng ca S1 S2 l 0,4 cm. khi trn mt nc, ti vng gia S1 vad S2 ngi ta quan st thy
xut hin 5 gn li v nhng gn ny ct on S1 S2 thnh 6 on m hai on hai u ch bng na cc on cn
li ?
A. 2, 4cm
B. 4, 2cm
C. 2, 3cm
D. 3, 2cm
Li gii
4 on gia
S1 S2 =
|
2 on u
z}|{
z}|{
4
2
+
2 {z
4
=8
}
= = 3, 2cm
5 gn li chia S1 S2 thnh 6 on v 2 on u bng mt na cc on cn li.
16 Trong th nghim giao thoa sng mt nc, hai ngun kt hp S1, S2 cch nhau 8cm dao ng cng pha vi tn
s f = 20Hz. Ti im M trn mt nc cch S1, S2 ln lt nhng khong d1 = 25cm, d2 = 20, 5cm dao ng vi
bin cc i, gia M v ng trung trc ca AB c hai dy cc i khc.N l mt im thuc ng trung trc
ca on thng S1S2 dao ng ngc pha vi hai ngun. Tm khong cch nh nht t N n on thng ni S1S2.?
A. 3, 1cm
B. 3, 2cm
C. 3, 3cm
D. 3, 4cm
Li gii
dmin = k=3
z }| {
2d
a
a
a
=
= (2k + 1) = d > = (2k + 1) > = k > 2, 16 = (dmin )2 = (xmin )2 + = xmin 3, 4cm
2
2 2
2
17 Trn mt cht lng, ti O, ngi ta to mt ngun im dao ng vi phng trnh uO = Acos(2t)(cm). Gi
thit rng nng lng ca sng khng b mt mt khi lan truyn. Ti im M trn mt cht lng cch ngun O mt
on dM = 1(m) sng c bin AM = 8(cm). Lp phng trnh dao ng ca im N trn OM cch ngun O mt
on dN = 2(m).
Bit rng tc truyn sng trn mt cht
lng l v = 10(m/s).?
A. uN = 4 2cos(2t 0, 4)
cm
B.
u
=
2cos(2t + 0, 4) cm
C. uN = 2cos(2t
N
0, 4) cm
D. uN = 4 2cos(2t + 0, 4) cm
Li gii
Do sng khng b mt mt nng lng khi sng lan truyn trn mt cht lng, nng lng ca sng phn b trn cc ng
trn
tm tm ti ngun. Bin sng gim t l nghch vi cn bc hai qung ng sng truyn c.
ngr
dM
AN
=
= AN = 4 2
= uN = 4 2cos(2t 0, 4) cm
AM
dN
= 0, 4(rad/s)
CHNG 3. SNG C
3.3.4
82
CC BI TP NGH
3008
1 Thc hin giao thoa sng c trn mt cht lng vi 2 ngun kt hp ngc pha S1 v S2 pht ra 2 sng c bin
ln lt l 2cm v 4cm , = 20cm th ti im M cch S1 mt on 50 cm v cch S2 mt on 10 cm s c bin ?
A. 1, 5cm
B. 2cm
C. 3cm
D. 2, 5cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Dng m thoa c tn s dao ng bng 440Hz to giao thoa trn mt nc gia 2 im A, B vi AB = 4cm. Vn
tc truyn sng 88cm/s. S gn sng quan st c gia AB l ?
A. 39 gn sng.
B. 41 gn sng.
C. 19 gn sng.
D. 37 gn sng.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 . Trn mt nc c hai ngun sng ging nhau A v B, cch nhau khong AB = 12(cm) ang dao ng vung
gc vi mt nc to ra sng c bc sng = 1, 6cm. C v D l hai im khc nhau trn mt nc, cch u hai
ngun v cch trung im O ca AB mt khong 8(cm). S im dao ng cng pha vi ngun trn on CD l ?
A. 3
B. 10
C. 5
D. 6
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Hai ngun kt hp A v B ging nhau trn mt thong cht lng dao ng vi tn s 8Hz v bin a = 1mm.
B qua s mt mt nng lng khi truyn sng, vn tc truyn sng trn mt thong l 12(cm/s). im M nm trn
mt thong cch A v B nhng khong AM = 17, 0cm, BM = 16, 25cm dao ng vi bin ?
?
A. 2, 0mm.
B. 1, 0cm.
C. 0cm.
D. 1, 5cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Trn mt nc nm ngang, ti hai im S1 , S2 cch nhau 8, 2cm, ngi ta t hai ngun sng c kt hp, dao ng
iu ho theo phng thng ng c tn s 15Hz v lun dao ng ng pha. Bit vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc
l 30cm/s, coi bin sng khng i khi truyn i. S im dao ng vi bin cc i trn on S1 S2 l
?
A. 11
B. 8
C. 5
D. 9
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Ti hai im A, B trn mt nc c hai ngun dao ng cng pha v cng tn s f = 12Hz . Ti im M cch cc
ngun A, B nhng on d1 = 18 cm, d2 = 248 cm, sng c bin cc i. Gia M v ng trung trc ca AB c
hai ng vn dao ng vi bin cc i. Vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc bng bao nhiu ? ?
A. .24cm/s
B. 26cm/s
C. 28cm/s
D. 20cm/s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
83
3008
7 Mt ngun O dao ng vi tn s f = 50Hz to ra sng trn mt nc c bin 3cm (coi nh khng i khi
sng truyn i). Bit khong cch gia 7 gn li lin tip l 9cm. im M nm trn mt nc cch ngun O on
bng 5cm. Chn t = 0 l lc phn t nc ti O i qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng. Ti thi im t1 ly dao
ng ti M bng 2cm. Ly dao ng ti M vo thi im t2 = (t1 + 2, 01) s bng bao nhiu ? ?
A. 2cm
B. 2cm
C. 0cm
D. 1, 5cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Trong th nghim giao thoa sng trn mt nc hai ngun kt hp A, B dao ng cng pha vi tn s 10Hz.
Tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 20cm/s. Hai im M, N trn mt nc c MA = 15cm, MB = 20cm, NA =
32cm, NB = 24, 5cm. S ng dao ng cc i gia M v N l: ?
A. 4 ng.
B. 7 ng.
C. 5 ng.
D. 6 ng.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Hai ngun kt hp trn mt nc cch nhau 40cm. Trn ng ni hai ngun, ngi ta quan st c 7 im dao
ng vi bin cc i (khng k 2 ngun). Bit vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 60cm/s. Tn s dao ng
ca ngun l: ?
A. 9Hz
B. 7, 5Hz
C. 10, 5Hz
D. 6Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 Trn mt nc nm ngang, ti hai im A, B cch nhau 8, 2cm, ngi ta t hai ngun song c kt hp, dao
ng iu ho theo phng thng ng c tn s 15Hz v lun dao ng ng pha. Bit vn tc truyn sng trn mt
nc l 30cm/s, coi bin sng khng i khi truyn i. S im dao ng vi bin cc i trn on AB l: ?
A. 8
B. 11
C. 5
D. 9
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Trong th nghim giao thoa sng trn mt nc hai ngun kt hp A, B cch nhau 12, 5cm dao ng ngc pha
vi tn s 10Hz. Tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 20cm/s. S vn dao ng cc i trn mt nc l ?
A. 13
B. 15
C. 12
D. 11
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Mt sng c hc truyn theo phng Ox vi phng trnh dao ng ti O: x = 4cos( t ) (cm). Tc

2
2
truyn sng v = 0, 4m/s. Mt im M cch O khong d = OM . Bit li ca dao ng ti M thi im t l 3cm.
Li ca im M sau thi im sau 6 giy l: ?
A. xM = 4cm.
B. xM = 3cm.
C. xM = 4cm.
D. xM = 3cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 Ti hai im A v B trn mt nc c hai ngun kt hp cng dao ng vi phng trnh u = acos(100t) (cm).
tc c truyn sng trn mt nc l v = 40cm/s. Xt im M trn mt nc c AM = 9cm v BM = 7cm. Hai dao
ng ti M do hai sng t A v t B truyn n c pha dao ng ?
A. ngc pha.
B. vung pha.
C. cng pha.
D. lch pha 450
CHNG 3. SNG C
84
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Ngun sng O dao ng vi tn s 10Hz , dao ng truyn i vi vn tc 0, 4m/s trn phng Oy . trn
phng ny c 2 im P v Q theo th t PQ = 15cm . Cho bin a = 1cm v bin khng thay i khi sng
truyn. Nu ti thi im no P c li 1cm th li ti Q l: ?
A. 0
B. 2cm
C. 1cm
D. 1cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Mt nc ti hai im S1 , S2 ngi ta t hai ngun sng c kt hp,dao ng u ha theo phng thng ng
vi phng trnh uA = uB = 6cos40t (uA v uB tnh bng mm,t tnh bng s). Bit tc truyn sng truyn sng
trn mt nc l 40cm/s, coi sng khng i khi truyn i. Trn on thng S1 S2 , im dao ng vi bin 6mm
v cch trung im ca on S1 S2 mt on gn nht l ?
1
1
B. cm
C. 0, 25cm
D. 0, 5cm
A. cm
6
3
CHNG 3. SNG C
85
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3008
20 Hai ngun kt hp A v B dao ng trn mt nc theo cc phng trnh: u1 = 2cos(100t + /2)cm; u2 =

2cos(100t) cm. Khi trn mt nc, to ra mt h thng vn giao thoa. Quan st cho thy, vn bc k i qua im
P c hiu s PA PB = 5cm v vn bc k + 1 (cng loi vi vn k) i qua im P c hiu s PA-PB = 9 cm. Tm
Tc truyn sng trn mt nc. Cc vn ni trn l vn cc i hay cc tiu. ?
A. 150cm/s, cc tiu B. 180 cm/s,
B. 180 cm/s, cc tiu
C. 250cm/s, cc i
D. 200cm/s, cc i
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.4. SNG DNG
3.4.1
C S L THUYT:
Sng dng: l s giao thoa ca sng ti v sng phn x, khi sng ti v sng phn x truyn theo cng mt phng.
Khi sng ti v sng phn x l sng kt hp v giao thoa to sng dng.
u c nh hoc u dao ng nh l nt sng.
u t do l bng sng.
Hai im i xng vi nhau qua nt sng lun dao ng ngc pha.

Hai im i xng vi nhau qua bng sng lun dao ng cng pha.
Cc im trn dy u dao ng vi bin khng i suy ra nng lng khng truyn i
Khong thi gian gia hai ln si dy cng ngang (cc phn t i qua VTCB) l na chu k.
Khong cch gia hai bng sng lin k l /2.Khong cch gia hai nt sng lin k l /2.
Khong cch gia mt bng sng v mt nt sng lin k l /4.
B rng ca bng sng = 2A = 2.2.a = 4a
iu kin c sng dng trn si dy di l:
Hai u l nt sng: l = k 2; k N (S bng sng = s b sng (mi) = k ; S nt sng = k + 1)
Mt u l nt sng cn mt u l bng sng: l = (2k + 1) 4; k N
(S b (mi) sng nguyn = k = s bng sng tr 1 ; S bng sng = s nt sng = k + 1)
Phng trnh sng dng:
Phng trnh sng ti M trn dy c 2 u c nh, d l khong cch t M n u c nh, l l khong cch
d
l
t ngun n im c nh: uM = 2acos(2 )cos(t 2 + )
Phng
trnh
sng
ti
M
trn
dy
c
1
u
c
nh,
1u
t
do,
d
l
khong
cch t M n u c nh, l l khong cch
d
l
t ngun n im c nh: uM = 2acos(2 )cos(t 2 )
3.4.2
3.4.2.1 2 u dy c nh hoc mt u dy c nh, mt u dy dao ng vi bin nh:
(
kv.T
kv
k1
f1
T1
k
n = k+1
l =
=
=
=
=
=
nt
2
2
2f
k2
f2
T2
=
nbng = k
= 2l = max = 2l
k
CHNG 3. SNG C
86
Mt u cnh,mt u t do:
l = (2k + 1)
(2nbng 1)
(2nnt 1)
l=
=
4
4
(
(k + 0, 5)
l
=
nnt = k + 1
2
=
(nbng 0, 5)
(nnt 0, 5)
nbng = k + 1
=
l
=
2
2
(nbng 1)
(nnt 1)
l=
+ =
+
2
4
2
4
l =
+
2
4
3008
3.4.2.2
3.4.2.3
= max = 2l
Di si dy treo thm vt nng m:
Vn tc truyn trn si dy c tnh theo cng thc: v =
P
, vi P l trng lng vt treo v l khi lng dy trn
mt dn v chiu di (kg/m).
3.4.2.4
Vit phng trnh sng dng ti M, cch u cn d trn dy di l:

2d
Phng trnh sng tng hp ti M: uM = 2a cos(
).cos(t + )

2d
cos(
Vi
d
l
khong
cch
t
M
n
u
bng
sng
th
bin
:
a
=
2a
)
M

Ch :

2d
)
Vi x l khong cch t M n u nt sng th bin : aM = 2a sin(

3.4.3
NG DNG GII TON
1 Sng dng trn si dy n hi c 2 u c nh, khong thi gian lin tip gia 2 ln si dy dui thng l 0, 25s.
Bit dy di 12cm v v = 4cm/s. Tm s bng sng. ?
A. 3 bng
B. 4 bng
C. 5 bng
D. 6 bng
Li gii
Thi gian gia 2 ln dy dui thng
z
}|
{
T
v
= 0, 25 = T = 0, 5s = = = 8cm = s bng = L = 3 bng

2
T
2
2 Ct khng kh trong ng thu tinh c cao l ,c th thay i c nh iu chnh mc nc trong ng.t
mt m thoa trn ming ng thu tinh ,khi m thoa dao ng n pht ra mt m c bn ,ta thy trong ct khng
kh c mt sng dng n nh .Thay i (tng cao ct khng kh )bng cch h mc nc trong ng .Ta thy khi
n bng 60cm(l = 60cm) th m li pht ra to nht .Tnh s bng trong ct khng kh .Cho bit tc truyn m
trong khng kh l 340m/s?
A. 1 bng
B. 2 bng
C. 3 bng
D. 4 bng
Li gii

l = k + = k = 4 = 4 bng
2 4
3 Mt dy cao su cng ngang ,1 u gn c nh ,u kia gn vo mt m thoa dao ng vi tn s f=40Hz.Trn
dy hnh thnh 1 sng dng c 7 nt (khng k hai u),Bit dy di 1m. Thay i f ca m thoa l f .Lc ny trn
dy ch cn 3 nt (khng k hai u).Tnh f ?
A. 17Hz
B. 18Hz
C. 19Hz
D. 20Hz
CHNG 3. SNG C
87
3008
Li gii
4 =l = =50 cm
2
z }| {
v
f =
= 20Hz
4 Mt si dy di AB=60cm,pht ra mt m c tn s 100Hz.Quan st dy n thy c 3 nt v 2 bng sng(k c

nt hai u dy). Tm bin dao ng ti hai im M v N ln lt cch A mt on 30cm v 45cm.Bit bin
dao ng ti cc bng sng l 5mm ?
A. 3mm, 2mm.
B. 2mm, 3mm.
C. 1mm, 4mm.
D. 0mm, 5mm.
Li gii
A l nt nn M cng l nt.
}|
N cng l bng .
{z
}|
{

AM =
= aM = 0mm; NA = + = aN = 5mm
2
2 4
5 Cng hng ca m thoa xy ra vi mt ct khng kh trong ng hnh tr ,khi ng c chiu cao kh d thp nht
bng 25cm,vn tc truyn sng l 330m/s.Tn s dao ng ca m thoa ny bng bao nhiu ?
A. 360Hz
B. 330Hz
C. 340Hz
D. 350Hz
Li gii
l=
4
z }| {
v
f = = 330Hz
6 Sng dng trn dy 0B=120 cm 2 u c nh,ta thy trn dy c 4 b sng v bin dao ng ti bng la
1cm.Tnh bin dao ng ti im M cch O 1 khong l 65 cm ?
A. 3cm
B. 2cm
C. 1cm
D. 0, 5cm
Li gii
65 = + = aM = 0, 5cm
2
7 Mt dy AB n hi di 90 cm c u B th t do. To u A mt dao ng iu ha ngang c tn s 100 Hz
ta c sng dng, trn dy c 4 mi nguyn. Vn tc truyn sng trn dy c gi tr bao nhiu?
A. 40m/s
B. 30m/s
C. 20m/s
D. 60m/s
Li gii

L = 4 + = v = . f = 40m/s
2 4
8 Mt si dy AB cng ngang vi u B c nh. Khi u A rung vi tn s 50Hz th sng dng trn dy c 10
bng sng. sng dng trn dy ch c 5 bng sng v vn tc truyn sng vn khng thay i th u A phi rung
vi tn s ?
A. 100Hz
B. 75Hz
C. 50Hz
D. 25Hz
Li gii
v=cosnt; f phi gim 2 khi tng 2
z }| {
= f = 25Hz
= v. f
|
{z
}
5 bng : L=5
2 tng 2
10 bng : L=10
2
9 Mt si dy n hi OM = 90cm c hai u c nh. Khi c kch thch th trn dy c sng dng vi 3 b sng.
Bin ti bng sng l 3cm. Ti im N trn dy gn O nht c bin dao ng l 1, 5cm. ON c gi tr l ?
A. 8cm
B. 10cm
C. 5cm
D. 7, 5cm
Li gii
x = 0 x = A/2 = ON =
= 5cm
12
CHNG 3. SNG C
88
3008
10 Mt si dy cng gia hai im c nh cch nhau 75cm. Ngi ta to sng dng trn dy. Hai tn s gn nhau
nht cng to ra sng dng trn dy l 150Hz v 200Hz. Tn s nh nht to ra sng dng trn dy l ?
A. 50Hz
B. 125Hz
C. 75Hz
D. 100Hz
Li gii
Dy c sng dng th: =
2l
n
= f =
v nv
v
=
= Cc tn s lin tip s hn km nhau :
= fmin
2l
2l
z
}|
{
fmin = 200 150
= 50Hz
11 Mt si dy CD di 1m, u C c nh, u D gn vi cn rung vi tn s thay i c. D c coi l nt sng.

Ban u trn dy c sng dng. Khi tn s tng thm 20Hz th s nt trn dy tng thm 7 nt. Sau khong thi gian
bng bao nhiu sng phn x t C truyn ht mt ln chiu di si dy?
A. 0, 175s
B. 0, 07s
C. 1, 2s
D. 0, 5s
CHNG 3. SNG C
89
3008
2d
+ 2 = 15 = = aM = 2a cos(
) = 4 3 cm
4
2
3.4.4
CC BI TP NGH
1 Mt si dy n hi OM = 90cm c hai u c nh. Khi c kch thch th trn dy c sng dng vi 3 b sng.
Bin ti bng sng l 3 cm. Ti im N trn dy gn O nht c bin dao ng l 1, 5cm. ON c gi tr l: ?
A. 10cm
B. 5cm
C. 2, 5cm
D. 7, 5cm
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Mt si dy cng gia hai im c nh. Ngi ta to sng dng tr dy. Hai tn s gn nhau nht cng to ra
sng dng trn dy l 150Hz v 200Hz. Tn s nh nht to ra sng dng trn dy l : ?
A. 125Hz
B. 50Hz
C. 75Hz
D. 100Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Trong th nghim v sng dng trn mt si dy n hi di 1, 2m vi hai u c nh, ngi ta quan st thy
ngoi hai u dy c nh cn 2 im khc trn dy khng dao ng. Bit khong thi gian lin tip gia hai ln si
dy dui thng l 0, 05s. Tc truyn sng trn dy l:
?
A. 16m/s
B. 4m/s
C. 12m/s
D. 8m/s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Khi c sng dng trn mt dy AB th thy trn dy c 7 nt (A v B trn l nt). Tn s sng l 42Hz. Vi dy
AB v vn tc truyn sng nh trn, mun trn dy c 5 nt (A v B cng u l nt) th tn s phi l:
?
A. 28Hz
B. 30Hz
C. 58, 8Hz
D. 63Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Mt si dy cng gia hai im c nh cch nhau 75cm. Ngi ta to sng dng trn dy. Hai tn s gn nhau
nht cng to ra sng dng trn dy l 150Hz v 200Hz. Tn s nh nht to ra sng dng trn dy l ?
A. 100Hz
B. 125Hz
C. 75Hz
D. 50Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Ngi ta lm th nghim v sng dng m trong mt ci ng di 0, 825m cha y khng kh p sut thng.
Trong 3 trng hp: (1) ng bt kn mt u; (2) ng bt kn hai u; v ng h hai u; Trng hp no sng dng
m c tn s thp nht; tn s y bng bao nhiu? Cho bit vn tc truyn m trong khng kh l 330m/s.
?
A. Trng hp (1), f = 75Hz.
B. Trng hp (2), f = 100Hz.
C. Trng hp (3), f = 125Hz
D. Trng hp (1), f = 100Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
90
3008
7 Hai sng chy c vn tc 750m/s truyn ngc chiu nhau v giao thoa nhau to thnh sng dng. Khong cch
t nt th N n nt th: N + 4 bng 6m. Tn s cc sng chy bng
?
A. 100Hz
B. 250Hz
C. 125Hz
D. 500Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 Mt si dy di 1, 2m. Mt u gn vo cu rung, u kia t ng nng. t cu rung thng ng dy thng
xung, khi cu rung vi tn s f = 24Hz th trn dy hnh thnh mt h sng dng. Ta thy trn dy ch c 1 b
sng. Vn tc truyn sng trn dy l bao nhiu? trn dy c 3 b sng th cho cu rung vi tn s l bao nhiu? ?
A. V = 9, 6m/s, f = 10Hz
B. V = 57, 6m/s, f = 70, 875Hz
C. V = 38, 4m/s, f =
56Hz
D. V = 5, 76m/s, f = 7, 08Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Mt si dy n hi cng ngang . lm cho u A ca dy dao ng theo phng thng ng vi bin 1, 5cm
v chu k 0, 5s .Lc t = 0, A c li cc i dng .Sng truyn i dc theo dy vi tc 3m/s . Coi bin sng
khng i. Li ca im M cch A mt on 2m ti thi im t = 1, 25s l :
?
A. 0.75cm
B. + 0, 75cm
C. 1, 5cm
D. + 1, 5cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 Mt ngi ng cch mt bc tng 500m nghe mt ting sng n. V tr t sng cch tng 165m. Ngi v
sng cng trn ng thng vung gc vi tng. Sau khi nghe ting n, ngi ny li nghe ting n do m thanh
phn x trn bc tng. Tc m thanh trong khng kh l 330m/s. Khong thi gian gia hai ting n l:
?
1
2
4
A. s
B. s
C. 1 s
D. s
3
3
3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 Ting ci xe c tn s 1000Hz pht ra t xe t ang chuyn ng tin ra xa bn vi tc 36km/h, tc
truyn m trong khng kh l 330m/s. Khi bn nghe c m c tn s l:
?
A. 969, 69Hz.
B. 970, 59Hz.
C. 1030, 3Hz.
D. 1031, 25Hz.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 Mt sng m truyn trong thp vi tc 5000 m/s. Nu lch pha ca sng m hai im gn nhau nht
cch nhau 1 m trn cng mt phng truyn sng l th tn s ca sng bng

2
?
A. 1000Hz
B. 1250Hz
C. 5000Hz
D. 2500Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3008
13 ): Trn mt si dy n hi di 1, 8m, hai u c nh, ang c sng dng vi 6 bng sng. Bit sng truyn trn
dy c tn s 100Hz. Tc truyn sng trn dy l ?
A. 60m/s.
B. 10m/s.
C. 20m/s.
D. 600m/s.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Trn mt si dy AB ang c sng dng, bit ngoi u A trn dy cn 3 im khc khng dao ng. im M
trn dy cch A: . S im dao ng vi bin bng bin vi M trn dy bng ?

4
A. 8
B. 4
C. 6
D. 3
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 Ngi ta t mt m thoa trn ming mt ng tr di 90cm thng ng ang cha y nc, khi h nc trong
ng xung mt on nh nht bng 20cm th thy m c to nht, hi khi tip tc h mc nc trong ng xung
cn my v tr cho m nghe c nh th na ?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
CHNG 3. SNG C
92
3008
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
20 Mt si dy n hi c treo thng ng vo mt im c nh. Ngi ta to ra sng dng trn dy vi tn s
f2
b nht l f1 . li c sng dng, phi tng tn s ti thiu n gi tr f2 . T s
bng: ?
f1
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 6.
D. 2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
21 Cho ng so c mt u bt kn v mt u h. Bit rng ng so pht ra m to nht ng vi hai gi tr tn s
ca hai ha m lin tip l 100Hz v 250Hz. Tn s m nh nht khi ng so pht ra m to nht bng: ?
A. 50Hz.
B. 75Hz.
C. 25Hz.
D. 100Hz.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
22 Trn dy OA, u A c nh, u O dao ng iu ho vi tn s f = 20 Hz th trn dy c 5 nt. Mun trn dy
rung thnh hai bng th u O phi dao ng vi tn s bng bao nhiu ?
A. 10 Hz
B. 20 Hz
C. 30 Hz
D. 40 Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
23 Mt si dy OA thng ng khng, u O gn vo mt nhnh ca m thoa dao ng vi tn s f = 50 Hz. u A
treo mt vt c trng lng P lm cng dy. Dy xuyn qua mt l thng nh c trn mt ci a , nh m
im M c gi cht. Vi P = 20N v dy OM = l = 1m ta thy ch c mt bng sng.Vi P bng bao nhiu th trn
on dy OM hnh thnh 4 bng sng vi O, M l cc nt sng ?
A. 1, 25 N
B. 1, 5 N
C. 1, 75 N
D. 2 N
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
24 Lc t = 0 u O ca dy cao su cng thng nm ngang bt u dao ng i ln vi bin a, chu k T = 1s.
Hai im gn nhau nht trn dy dao ng cng pha cch nhau 6cm. Tnh thi im u tin M cch O on 6cm
dao ng ngc pha vi trng thi ban u ca O. Coi bin dao ng khng i.
?
A. t = 1, 5s
B. t = 1s
C. t = 2s
D. t = 0, 75s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
25 Mt si dy n hi di 90cm mt u gn vi ngun dao ng 1 u t do. Khi dy rung vi tn s f = 10Hz
th trn dy xut hin sng dng vi 5 im nt trn dy. Nu u t do ca dy c gi c nh v tc truyn
sng trn dy khng i th phi thay i tn s rung ca dy (tng thm hoc gim bt) mt lng nh nht bng
bao nhiu trn dy tip tc xy ra hin tng sng dng: ?
A. 5/9(Hz).
B. 10/9(Hz).
C. 26/3(Hz).
D. 95/9(Hz).
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
93
3008
26 Mt si dy cng ngang AB di 2m u B c nh, u A l mt ngun dao ng ngang hnh sin c chu k

1/50s. Ngi ta m c t A n B c 5 nt A coi l mt nt. Nu mun dy AB rung thnh 2 nt th tn s dao
ng l bao nhiu: ?
A. 5Hz
B. 50Hz
C. 12, 5Hz
D. 75Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
27 Mt si dy OM n hi di 90cm c hai u c nh. Khi c kch thch trn dy hnh thnh 3 bng sng (vi
O v M l hai nt), bin ti bng l 3 cm. Ti N gn O nht c bin dao ng l 1, 5cm. Khong cch ON nhn
gi tr no sau y? ?
A. 10cm.
B. 5, 2cm.
C. 5cm.
D. 7, 5cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
28 Mt si dy OM n hi di 90cm c hai u c nh. Khi c kch thch trn dy hnh thnh 3 bng sng (vi
O v M l hai nt), bin ti bng l 3cm. Ti N gn O nht c bin dao ng l 1, 5cm. Khong cch ON nhn
gi tr ng no sau y ?
A. 10cm.
B. 7, 5cm.
C. 5, 2cm.
D. 5cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
29 Mt dy n hi rt di c u A dao ng theo phng vung gc vi si dy. Tc truyn sng trn dy l
4(m/s). Xt mt im M trn dy v cch A mt on 40(cm), ngi ta thy M lun lun dao ng lch pha so vi
A mt gc = (n + 0, 5) vi n l s nguyn. Tnh tn s. Bit tn s f c gi tr trong khong t 8Hz n 13Hz. ?
A. 8, 5Hz.
B. 10Hz.
C. 12, 5Hz.
D. 12Hz
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
30 Mt dy cao su cng ngang, mt u gn vo c nh, u kia gn vo m thoa dao ng vi tn s f = 40Hz.
Trn dy hnh thnh h sng dng gm 7 nt ( khng k hai nt hai u) , dy di 1 m. Cho m thoa dao ng vi f
bng bao nhiu trn dy c 5 nt (k c hai nt hai u)?
A. 50Hz.
B. 40Hz.
C. 20Hz.
D. 30Hz.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
31 Mt si dy n hi cng ngang, ang c sng dng n nh. Trn dy, A l mt im nt, B l mt im bng
gn A nht, C l trung im ca AB, vi AB = 10 cm. Bit khong thi gian ngn nht gia hai ln m li dao
ng ca phn t ti B bng bin dao ng ca phn t ti C l 0,2 s. Tc truyn sng trn dy l ?
A. 1m/s.
B. 0, 25m/s.
C. 0, 5m/s.
D. 2m/s.
Li gii
3.5. TNG HP THI I HC, CAO NG TT NGHIP CC NM
CHNG 3. SNG C
94
3008
1 TN-2007:Khong cch gia hai im trn phng truyn sng gn nhau nht v dao ng cng pha vi nhau gi
l ?
A. vn tc truyn sng.
B. bc sng.
C. lch pha.
D. chu k.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 TN-2007:Trn mt nc nm ngang c hai ngun kt hp S1 v S2 dao ng theo phng thng ng, cng pha,
vi cng bin a khng thay i trong qu trnh truyn sng. Khi c s giao thoa hai sng trn mt nc th dao
ng ti trung im ca on S1 S2 c bin : ?
A. cc i
B. cc tiu
C. bng a/2
D. bng a
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 TN-2007:Mt sng m truyn trong khng kh, trong s cc i lng: bin sng, tn s sng, vn tc truyn
sng v bc sng; i lng khng ph thuc vo cc i lng cn li l ?
A. bc sng.
B. bin sng.
C. vn tc truyn sng.
D. tn s sng.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 TN-2007:Sng siu m ?
A. truyn c trong chn khng.
B. khng truyn c trong chn khng.
C. truyn trong khng kh nhanh hn trong nc.
D. truyn trong nc nhanh hn trong st.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 TN-2007:m sc l c tnh sinh l ca m ?
A. ch ph thuc vo bin .
B. ch ph thuc vo tn s.
C. ch ph thuc vo cng m.
D. ph thuc vo tn s v bin .
CHNG 3. SNG C
95
3008
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 TN-2008:Quan st sng dng trn mt si dy n hi, ngi ta o c khong cch gia 5 nt sng lin tip l
100cm. Bit tn s ca sng truyn trn dy bng 100Hz, vn tc truyn sng trn dy l
?
A. 50m/s
B. 100m/s
C. 25m/s
D. 75m/s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 TN-2008:Khi ni v sng c hc, pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A . Sng c hc l s lan truyn dao ng c hc trong mi trng vt cht
B. Sng c hc truyn c trong tt c cc mi trng rn, lng, kh v chn khng.
C. Sng m truyn trong khng kh l sng dc.
D. Sng c hc lan truyn trn mt nc l sng ngang.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 TN-2008:Khi ni v sng c hc, pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Sng c hc c phng dao ng vung gc vi phng truyn sng l sng ngang.
B. Sng c hc l s lan truyn dao ng c hc trong mi trng vt cht.
C. Sng c hc truyn c trong tt c cc mi trng rn, lng, kh v chn khng.
D. Sng m truyn trong khng kh l sng dc.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 TN-2008:Ti hai im A, B trn mt nc nm ngang c hai ngun sng c kt hp, cng bin , cng pha,
dao ng theo phng thng ng. Coi bin sng lan truyn trn mt nc khng i trong qu trnh truyn sng.
Phn t nc thuc trung im ca on AB ?
A. dao ng vi bin nh hn bin dao ng ca mi ngu
B. dao ng vi bin cc i.
C. khng dao ng.
D. dao ng vi bin bng bin dao ng ca mi ngun.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
12 TN-2009:Mt sng ngang truyn theo chiu dng trc Ox, c phng trnh sng l u = 6cos(4t 0, 02x);
trong u v x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng s. Sng ny c bc sng l ?
A. 150cm.
B. 50cm.
C. 100cm.
D. 200cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 TN-2009:Ti mt im, i lng o bng lng nng lng m sng m truyn qua mt n v din tch t
ti im , vung gc vi phng truyn sng trong mt n v thi gian l ?
A. cng m.
B. cao ca m.
C. to ca m.
D. mc cng m.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
96
3008
14 TN-2009:Trn mt si dy n hi di 1m, hai u c nh, c sng dng vi 2 bng sng. Bc sng ca sng
truyn trn y l ?
A. 1m.
B. 0, 5m.
C. 2m.
D. 0, 25m.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 TN-2010:Khi ni v siu m, pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Siu m c th truyn c trong cht rn.
B. Siu m c tn s ln hn 20 KHz.
C. Siu m c th truyn c trong chn khng.
D. Siu m c th b phn x khi gp vt cn.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 TN-2010:Mt sng c c tn s 0, 5Hz truyn trn mt si dy n nh di vi tc 0,5 m/s. Sng ny c
bc sng l ?
A. 1, 2m.
B. 0, 5m.
C. 0, 8m.
D. 1m.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
17 TN-2010:Trn mt si dy di 0, 9m c sng dng. K c nt hai u dy th trn dy c 10 nt sng.Bit tn
s sng truyn trn dy l 200Hz. Sng truyn trn dy c tc l ?
A. 90cm/s
B. 40m/s
C. 40cm/s
D. 90m/s
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 TN-2010:Mt m c tn s xc nh ln lt truyn trong nhm, nc,khng kh vi tc tng ng l
v1 , v2 , v3 .Nhn nh no sau y l ng ?
A. v2 v1 v3
B. v1 v2 v3
C. v3 v2 v1
D. v2 v3 v2
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
19 TN-2011: mt nc, c hai ngun kt hp A, B dao ng theo phng thng ng vi phng trnh
uA = uB = 2cos20t(mm). Tc truyn sng l 30cm/s. Coi bin sng khng i khi sng truyn i. Phn t M
mt nc cch hai ngun ln lt l 10, 5cm v 13, 5cm c bin dao ng l ?
A. 4mm.
B. 2mm.
C. 1mm.
D. 0mm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
97
3008
21 TN-2011:Sng truyn trn mt si dy c mt u c nh, mt u t do. Mun c sng dng trn dy th

chiu di ca si dy phi bng ?
A. mt s chn ln mt phn t bc sng.
B. mt s l ln na bc sng.
C. mt s nguyn ln bc sng.
D. mt s l ln mt phn t bc sng.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
22 H-2007: kho st giao thoa sng c, ngi ta b tr trn mt nc nm ngang hai ngun kt hp S1 v S2 .
Hai ngun ny dao ng iu ha theo phng thng ng, cng pha. Xem bin sng khng thay i trong qu
trnh truyn sng. Cc im thuc mt nc v nm trn ng trung trc ca on S1 S2 s ?
A. dao ng vi bin cc tiu.
B. khng dao ng.
C. dao ng vi bin cc i.
D. dao ng vi bin bng na bin cc i.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
23 H-2007:Mt sng m c tn s xc nh truyn trong khng kh v trong nc vi vn tc ln lt l 330m/s
v 1452m/s. Khi sng m truyn t nc ra khng kh th bc sng ca n s ?
A. gim 4,4 ln.
B. gim 4 ln.
C. tng 4,4 ln.
D. tng 4 ln.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
24 H-2008:Ti hai im A v B trong mt mi trng truyn sng c hai ngun sng kt hp, dao ng cng
phng vi phng trnh ln lt l uA = asint v uB = asin(t + ). Bit vn tc v bin sng do mi ngun
to ra khng i trong qu trnh sng truyn. Trong khong gia A v B c giao thoa sng do hai ngun trn gy ra.
Phn t vt cht ti trung im ca on AB dao ng vi bin bng ?
A. 0
B. a
C. 2a
D. 3a
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
25 H-2008:Mt l thp mng, mt u c nh, u cn li c kch thch dao ng vi chu k khng i v
bng 0, 08s. m do l thp pht ra l ?
A. m m tai ngi nghe c.
B. nhc m.
C. h m.
D. siu m.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
26 H-2008:Trong th nghim v sng dng, trn mt si dy n hi di 1,2m vi hai u c nh, ngi ta quan
st thy ngoi hai u dy c nh cn c hai im khc trn dy khng dao ng. Bit khong thi gian gia hai ln
lin tip vi si dy dui thng l 0, 05s. Vn tc truyn sng trn dy l ?
A. 8m/s.
B. 4m/s.
C. 12m/s.
D. 16m/s.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
CHNG 3. SNG C
98
3008
27 H-2008:Mt sng c lan truyn trn mt ng thng t im O n im M cch O mt on d. Bit tn s

f, bc sng v bin a ca sng khng i trong qu trnh sng truyn. Nu phng trnh dao ng ca phn t
vt cht ti im M c dng uM(t) = asin2 f t th phng trnh dao ng ca phn t vt cht ti O l ?
d
d
B. u0 (t) = asin2( f t + )
C. u0 (t) = asin( f t
A. u0 (t) = asin2( f t )
d
d
)
D. u0 (t) = asin( f t + )
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
31 H-2009:Mt sng m truyn trong thp vi tc 5000m/s. Nu lch pha ca sng m hai im gn
nhau nht cch nhau 1m trn cng mt phng truyn sng l th tn s ca sng bng ?
2
A. 1000Hz
B. 2500Hz.
C. 5000Hz.
D. 1250Hz.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
32 H-2009:Trn mt si dy n hi di 1, 8m, hai u c nh, ang c sng dng vi 6 bng sng. Bit sng
truyn trn dy c tn s 100Hz. Tc truyn sng trn dy l ?
A. 60m/s.
B. 10m/s.
C. 20m/s.
D. 600m/s.
CHNG 3. SNG C
99
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
34 H-2010:iu kin hai sng c khi gp nhau, giao thoa c vi nhau l hai sng phi xut pht t hai
ngun dao ng ?
A. cng bin v c hiu s pha khng i theo thi gian.
B. cng tn s, cng phng.
C. c cng pha ban u v cng bin .
D. cng tn s, cng phng v c hiu s pha khng i theo thi gian.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
35 H-2010: mt thong ca mt cht lng c hai ngun sng kt hp A v B cch nhau 20 cm, dao ng theo
phng thng ng vi phng trnh uA = 2cos(4t) v uB = 2cos(4t + ) ( uA v uB tnh bng mm, t tnh bng s).
Bit tc truyn sng trn mt cht lng l 30cm/s. Xt hnh vung AMNB thuc mt thong cht lng. S im
dao ng vi bin cc i trn on BM l ?
A. 19.
B. 17.
C. 20.
D. 18.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
36 H-2010:Ti mt im trn mt cht lng c mt ngun dao ng vi tn s 120Hz, to ra sng n nh trn
mt cht lng. Xt 5 gn li lin tip trn mt phng truyn sng, v mt pha so vi ngun, gn th nht cch
gn th nm 0, 5m. Tc truyn sng l ?
A. 30m/s.
B. 15m/s.
C. 12m/s.
D. 25m/s.
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
39 H-2011:Mt sng hnh sin truyn theo phng Ox t ngun O vi tn s 20Hz, c tc truyn sng nm
trong khong t 0, 7m/s n 1m/s. Gi A v B l hai im nm trn Ox, cng mt pha so vi O v cch nhau
10cm. Hai phn t mi trng ti A v B lun dao ng ngc pha vi nhau. Tc truyn sng l ?
A. 90cm/s.
B. 100cm/s.
C. 80cm/s.
D. 85cm/s.
CHNG 3. SNG C
100
3008
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
40 H-2011: mt cht lng c hai ngun sng A, B cch nhau 18 cm, dao ng theo phng thng ng vi
phng trnh l uA = uB = acos(50t) (vi t tnh bng s). Tc truyn sng mt cht lng l 50cm/s. Gi O l
trung im ca AB, im M mt cht lng nm trn ng trung trc ca AB v gn O nht sao cho phn t cht
lng ti M dao ng cng
pha vi phn t cht lng ti O. Khong cch MO l ?
C. 3cm.
D. 4cm.
A. 2cm.
B. 2 10cm.
Li gii
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
3008
Ti liu tham kho
[numberone89] Cc bn c th tm c cc ti liu khc trn cc trang: violet.vn,boxmath.vn, thuvienvatly.com,...

[numberone89] Ti liu n h Chng II 1
[numberone89] Ti liu n h Chng III 2
[numberone89] Gii i hc Vt l A 2011 3
[numberone89] Tuyn tp 350 bi SNG, C,IN, QUANG,VT L HT NHN kh (TI LIU LP LUYN THI)
[numberone89] 700 cu trc nghim SNG, C,IN, QUANG,VT L HT NHN (TI LIU)
1 http://dethi.violet.vn/present/show?entry_id=6592789
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3008

2.4.3 NG DNG GII TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BIN SON: H HONG VIT (VIT-G EN-HSPHCM) -01268950956

TM THI GIAN NGN NHT, QUNG NG, QUNG NG LN NHT NH NHT,VN

TC,TC TRUNG BNH:

Smax = n.2A + 2Asin

Qung ng ln nht vt i c trong khong thi gian t

Smin = n.2A + 2A(1 cos

2.1.2.4 TM THI GIAN, QUNG NG VT QUA 1 V TR NHIU LN:

Nu n chn th: m=2

Nu n chn th: m=2

TM S LN VT T VN TC C LN V0 TRONG THI GIAN t:

S ln vt t vn tcV0 trong thi gian: mT

S ln vt qua v tr x0 trong thi gian: mT

Tm , f , T khi thi gian ln vn tc gia tc khng vt qu gi tr nht nh l

|vmax | = Smaxt = 8.2cm/s

Smax = n.2A + 2Asin

|vmin | = Smint = 7.04cm/s

10 Cho mt h dao ng nh hnh v. L xo c cng k = 50N/m v khi lng khng ng k. Vt c khi

ri bung nh. Tnh vn tc trung bnh ca vt sau khi n i qung ng 2cm ?

ng l 25/Hz. Ti thi im ban u vt ang bin dng. Tm qung ng vt i c t thi im t1 =

Trong 2 ln cui vt i t x=A/2x=Ax=0x=Ax=0

13 Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh x = 10cos(3t + /3) (cm). Tm s ln vt qua v tr x0 = 3 cm,

15 Cho mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh x = 8cos(2t

)cm. Thi im th 2010 vt qua v tr

16 Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh x = 8cos(t

nng bng 3 ln th nng ?

)cm. Thi im th 2010 vt qua v tr c ng

t = 0, 4 s = T + T = Smax khi ST /6max = 2Asin( ) = A = Smax = 3A

20 Mt con lc l xo gm mt khi cu nh gn vo u mt l xo, dao ng iu ha vi bin 3cm dc theo

CNG THC,CC DNG TON CN NH

lmax =|xmax |=A

Con lc l xo dao ng theo phng thng ng:

lmin =|xmin |=0

Chiu dng hng ln

Chiu dng hng xung

2.2.2.3 CHIU DI LN NHT NH NHT,BIN , BIN DNG :

bin dng l xo thng ng khi v tr cn bng

bin dng l xo nm trn mt phng nghing 1 gc

Chiu di cc i (khi vt v tr thp nht): lmax =l0 +l+A

Chiu di l xo ti v tr cn bng : lCB = l0 + l =

2.2.2.4 CHU K TN S CT, GHP L XO, KHI LNG TNG HIU :

Wt = kx2 = k(Acos( t + ))2

THI GIAN, QUNG NG L XO NN GIN TRONG 1 CHU K :

Snn = 2A(1 cos(

2.2.2.7 IU KIN HAI VT CHNG LN NHAU CNG GIA TC :

S:Qung ng vt i c cho n khi ri gi

C sau nhng khong thi gian l T/4=0,5 th ng nng bng th nng

11 Mt l xo nh c chiu di t nhin c treo thng ng, u trn c gi c nh, u di c gn mt

Ly g = 10m/s2 .Ti thi im t1 l xo khng bin dng. Hi ti t2 = t1 + s, vt c ta bao nhiu. Bit ti

thi im ban u l xo b dn 2cm v vt c vn tc v0 = 10 15cm/s hng theo chiu dng ?

= x = 2cos(10 5t ) cm = t = 1, 25T = = x2 = 3 cm; x2 = 3 cm =

Vn tc ca M khi qua VTCB: vmax = A

Vn tc ca hai vt sau khi m dnh vo M : v =

C nng ca h khi m dnh vo M : W = 1 kA2 = 1 (m + M)v2

im ban u qu cu c vn tc v = 20 3 cm/s v gia tc a = 4m/s2 . Hy tnh chu k ca con lc l xo?

BT ng lng : mv0 = mv0 + Mv

ng E = 0, 125(J). Ti thi im ban u vt c vn tc v0 = 0, 25m/s v gia tc 6, 25 3 (m/s) . cng ca l

22 Mt con lc l xo t trn mt phng nm ngang gm l xo nh c mt u c nh , u kia gn vi vt nh m1

Con lc n gm: qu cu nh khi lng m c treo bng dy mnh khng gin di .

Phng trnh dao ng.

Chiu (1) ln phng trnh tip tuyn: P1 = ma mgsin = mS nu 100 th sin t 2 = g

= S + 2 s = 0 Phng trnh ny c nghim l: S = S0 cos(t + ) do = s nn = 0 cos(t + )

Ch :Nu coi qu o l thng th ta c x = Acos(t + )