3.

28

Differential, Restricted Earth Fault, Thermal, and Overcurrent Elements Differential Element

As a rule of thumb, CT performance will be satisfactory if the CT secondary maximum symmetrical external fault current multiplied by the total secondary burden in ohms is less than half of the C voltage rating of the CT. The following CT selection procedure uses this second guideline.

CT Ratio Selection for a Multiwinding Transformer

Step 1. Determine the secondary side burdens in ohms for all current transformers connected to the relay. Step 2. Select the CT ratio for the highest-rated winding (e.g., CTR1) by considering the maximum continuous secondary current, IHS, based on the highest MVA rating of the transformer. For wye-connected CTs, the relay current, IREL, equals IHS. For 3 delta-connected CTs, IREL equals IHS. Select the nearest standard ratio such that IREL is between 0.1 IN and 1.0 IN A secondary, where IN is the relay nominal secondary current, 1 A or 5 A. Step 3. Select the remaining CT ratios (e.g., CTR2CTR4) by considering the maximum continuous secondary current, ILS, for each winding. Typically, the CT ratio is based on the rated maximum MVA of the particular winding. If this rating is much smaller than the rating of the largest winding, you can violate the tap ratio limit for the SEL-387 (see Step 4 and Step 5). As before, for wyeconnected CTs IREL equals ILS. For delta-connected CTs IREL 3 equals ILS. Select the nearest standard ratio such that IREL is between 0.1 IN and 1.0 IN A secondary. Step 4. The SEL-387 calculates settings TAP1 through TAP4 if the ratio TAPMAX/TAPMIN is less than or equal to 7.5. When the relay calculates the tap settings, it reduces CT mismatch to less than 1 percent. Allowable tap settings are in the range (0.131) IN. Step 5. If the ratio TAPMAX/TAPMIN is greater than 7.5, select a different CT ratio to meet the above conditions. You can often do this by selecting a higher CT ratio for the smallest rated winding, but you may need to apply auxiliary CTs to achieve the required ratio. Repeat Step 2 through Step 5. Step 6. Calculate the maximum symmetrical fault current for an external fault, and verify that the CT secondary currents do not exceed your utility standard maximum allowed CT current, typically 20 IN. If necessary, reselect the CT ratios and repeat Step 2 through Step 6. Step 7. For each CT, multiply the burdens calculated in Step 1 by the magnitude, in secondary amperes, of the expected maximum symmetrical fault current for an external fault. Select a nominal accuracy class voltage for each CT that is greater than twice the calculated voltage. If necessary, select a higher CT ratio to meet this requirement, then repeat Step 2 through Step 7. This selection criterion helps reduce the likelihood of CT saturation for a fully offset fault current signal. Note that the effective C voltage rating of a CT is lower than the nameplate rating if a tap other than the maximum is used. Derate the CT C voltage rating by a factor of ratio used/ratio max.

SEL-387-0, -5, -6 Relay

Instruction Manual

Date Code 20120127