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B GIO DC & O TO

TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG

ISO 9001:2008

IU KHIN TN HIU GIAO THNG ON T


NG T TRI LNH N CU RO THEO
NGUYN TC LN SNG XANH

N TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY


NGNH IN CNG NGHIP

HI PHNG 2011

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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

MC LC
LI NI U................................................................................ 1
CHNG 1: CC NT GIAO THNG ON T NG T
TRI LNH N CU RO ......................................................... 3
1.1. HIN TRNG CC NT GIAO THNG ON T NG T TRI
LNH N CU RO ................................................................................. 3
1.1.1. Nt giao thng ng Quc Bnh ..................................................... 3
1.1.2. Nt giao thng Cu vt Lch Tray ................................................ 5
1.1.3. Nt giao thng Ng T Qun Mau .................................................. 7
1.1.4. Nt giao thng Ng T Thnh i .................................................. 8
1.2. MC TIU THIT K CA M HNH IU KHIN N GIAO
THNG (LN XANH) ............................................................................... 10

CHNG 2: NG DNG PLC XY DNG H THNG


IU KHIN TN HIU N GIAO THNG THEO LN
N XANH .................................................................................... 11
2.1. GII THIU V PLC ......................................................................... 11
2.1.1. Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC S7-200 ............................ 11
2.1.2. Cu trc b nh .............................................................................. 14
2.1.2.2. Vng d liu ................................................................................ 15
2.1.3. M rng ng vo/ra: ....................................................................... 16
2.1.4. Thc hin chng trnh: ................................................................. 18
2.1.5. Ngn ng lp trnh S7 200 .......................................................... 21

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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

2.2. NGUYN TC HOT NG CA N GIAO THNG TI MT


NG T ...................................................................................................... 27
2.3. THIT K TN HIU N HOT NG TRN CC NT GIAO
THNG CHY THEO CNG MT TUYN NG (T CHC LN
SNG XANH GREEN LINE) ................................................................ 30
2.3.1. Gii thiu v phng php iu khin tn hiu giao thng theo ln
sng xanh .................................................................................................. 30
2.3.2. Phng php tnh ton, t thi gian cho tn hiu giao thng. ...... 30

CHNG 3: M HNH IU KHIN TN HIU N GIAO


THNG THEO LN N XANH TUYN NG T NG
T THNH I N CU RO .............................................. 39
3.1. GII THIU CC THIT B TRONG M HNH .......................... 39
3.1.1. Thit b mch iu khin ................................................................ 39
3.1.2. Thit b mch ng lc................................................................... 39
3.2. VIT CHNG TRNH VI PLC S7-200 ....................................... 40
3.2.1. S khi ca chng trnh .......................................................... 40
3.2.2. Chng trnh vit trn PLC S7-200 ............................................... 42
3.3 M HNH ............................................................................................. 49
3.3.1 S u ni ................................................................................... 49
3.3.2 M hnh ........................................................................................... 47

KT LUN .................................................................................... 51
TI LIU THAM KHO.............................................................52

LI NI U
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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

Trong nhng nm gn y cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t l tc


gia tng khng ngng v cc loi phng tin giao thng. S pht trin
nhanh chng ca cc phng tin giao thng dn n tnh trng tc nghn
giao thng xy ra rt thng xuyn.Vn t ra y l lm sao m bo
giao thng thng sut v s dng n iu khin giao thng nhng ng t,
nhng ni giao nhau ca cc ln ng l mt gii php.
vit chng trnh iu khin n giao thng ta c th vit trn nhiu h
ngn ng khc nhau. Nhng vi nhng u im vt tri ca PLC S7-200
nh: C th ghp ni m rng, d thi cng, sa cha, cht lng lm vic n
nh linh hot. Nn y ti chn h thng iu khin c th lp trnh
c PLC (Programmble Logic Control) vi ngn ng lp trnh ca S7200
vit chng trnh iu khin n giao thng.
Xut pht t nhng nhu cu thc t giao thng trn on t Cu Ro n
Ng T Tri Lnh, tnh trng ch tc thng xy ra vo nhng thi gian cao
im. c bit l 2 nt Cu Vt Lch Tray v Ng T Tri Lnh.Vi ham
mun hiu bit v v lnh vc ny, ti xin chn ti lm n tt nghip
v:. Mc ch ca ti ny l hiu bit v cc thit b t ng ho, cc gii
php t ng ho tch hp ton din thng qua PLC S7200 v quan trng
nht l nhng gii php giao thng ti cc ng t v cm ng t nhm tit
kim thi gian v ch tc giao thng (iu khin n giao thng theo ln
xanh, gii php iu khin n giao thng ti cc nt giao thng quan trng)
Trong qu trnh hon thin n tt nghip Xy dng h thng iu khin
n giao thng theo ln sng xanh on t Ng t Tri Lnh n Cu
Ro ti nhn c s gip , nh hng v phn tch chi tit ca Thy
Thn Ngc Hon c bit l tnh ton v thi gian chung ca ln sng xanh.
Em thc hin v hon thin ti ca mnh vi ni dung tm tt nh sau:
Trong ti gm 3 phn chnh:
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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

Chng 1: Cc nt giao thng on ng t ng t Thnh i


n Cu Ro
Trong chng ny ch yu trnh by v cc ng t ng Quc Bnh, Cu
Vt Lch Tray, Qun Mau, Ng T Tri Lnh.
Chng 2: ng dng PLC xy dng h thng iu khin tn hiu
n giao thng theo ln sng xanh
Ni dung ch yu v gii thiu PLC S7 200, hot ng ca n tn hiu ti
ng t mc tiu thit k ca m hnh.
Chng 3: Xy dng m hnh iu khin
Ni dung ch yu gii thiu v tnh ton v thit k thi gian chung cho cc
cm n, chng trnh iu khin chung, m hnh ca ti.

CHNG 1: CC NT GIAO THNG ON T NG T


TRI LNH N CU RO

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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

1.1. HIN TRNG CC NT GIAO THNG ON T NG T


TRI LNH N CU RO
1.1.1. Nt giao thng ng Quc Bnh (Lch Tray ng Quc Bnh
Nguyn Bnh)
Chiu rng mt ng pha Lch Tray 16m n 18m, ng Quc Bnh 8m,
Nguyn Bnh 6m.
Khong cch gia 2 vch cho ngi i b theo trc ng Lch Tray l
33,8m v theo trc ng ng Quc Bnh Nguyn Bnh 28,8m.
ng Lch Tray ng Quc Bnh Nguyn Bnh l li i thun 2 chiu
cho cc loi phng tin, th s, xe my, xe t.(tr xe ti trng > 15 tn).

Hnh 1.1: Nt giao thng ng Quc Bnh.


Ng t c hai trc ng kch thc hnh hc khng i xng, c bit chiu
rng ng v lu lng xe khc nhau tng i ln, khi b tr cc cm n
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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

tn hiu cho phng tin v ngi i cn thm n bo cho r phi khi n


(hng ng Quc Bnh Nguyn Bnh trnh n tc bi ng hp).
n bo cho php r ny c mc song song vi n ca hng ng
Quc Bnh Nguyn Bnh khi n sang th n bo cho php r phi ()
sng xanh.
Nt giao thng ng Quc Bnh khng phi nt quan trng nhng y l mt
ng t c nhiu phng tin giao thng tham gia cc b. Khu vc nt giao
thng gn nhiu ni tp trung ng ngi nh trng i hc Hng Hi, i
hc Hi Phng, Cao ng Cng ng, Ch ng Quc Bnh, Trng THPT
DL Hng Hi Nn vo thi gian cao im giao thng thng ri vo tnh
trng ch tc giao thng vo cc thi im khong 7h20 sng, bui tra
khong 11h40, bui chiu khong 17h40.
Trong nhng nm gn y tnh trng ch tc ny khng c tnh hnh ci thin
m cn cng kh x l do lng xe ngy mt nhiu hn.

Hnh 1.2: Tham gia giao thng nt giao thng ng Quc Bnh.

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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

1.1.2. Nt giao thng Cu vt Lch Tray (Lch Tray Nguyn Vn


Linh Nguyn Bnh Khim)
y l nt giao thng ca Thnh Ph, c bit khc vi cc ng t thng
thng, l nt c 2 trc ng ct nhau v c ng ct nh cho php phng
tin r phi m khng chu s iu khin ca n tn hiu giao thng, phng
tin i thng v r tri v th lu lng gim i ng k.
Chiu rng mt ng pha Lch Tray 18m, Nguyn Bnh Khim 35m.
Chiu rng l ng trung bnh ng Lch Tray 9,7m ng Nguyn Bnh
Khim 8,5m.
Khong cch gia 2 vch cho ngi i b theo trc ng Lch Tray l 52m
v theo 37,4m.
ng Lch Tray l li i thun c 2 chiu cho cc phng tin, ring xe t,
xe ti > 15 tn i qua cu Vt khi qua ng Lch Tray. Cc xe i thng
trn ng Nguyn Bnh Khim cng thng qua cu trnh n giao thng
nn lng xe y c gim thiu nht. Kt cu mt bng giao thng cng
kh hp l.

Hnh 1.2: Nt giao thng Cu vt Lch Tray.


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N TT NGHIP NGNH IN CNG NGHIP
Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

Ng t c 2 trc ng vi kch thc hnh hc khng i xng v do c


cu trc c bit, ln ng rng vi nhiu ln xe chy nn ngoi 4 ct n
tn hiu giao thng cao 3,8m, tn hiu n giao thng chnh c t i din
ni thun tin cho ngi iu khin phng tin thy d dng. Cc cm n
tn hiu gm n cho phng tin v ngi i b qua 2 chiu c b tr theo
2 hng nh nhau.
Nt giao thng ny l nt giao thng quan trng ca thnh ph, l hng i
ch yu ca cc loi xe ti, contener vn chuyn hng ha t cng Hi Phng
i cc khu vc khc. Lng xe i qua ng t tuy khng c xe ti v qua cu
vt nhng lng xe con, xe khch v cc phng tin cng cng th rt
nhiu. Nn nt ny thng xuyn xy ra ch tc hng gi ng h vo bui
sng v chiu tan tm. Nt giao thng ny ni cc khu dn c ng c lin
k nhiu trng hc v 2 ng t ng Quc Bnh v Qun Mau nn lng xe
nhiu hn hn.
Nt giao thng ny c coi l im quan trng ca giao thng Thnh Ph
c thnh ph v cc c quan a gii php nhm gim ch tc ti y.

Hnh 1.4: Tham gia giao thng nt Cu vt Lch Tray.


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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

1.1.3. Nt giao thng Ng T Qun Mau (Lch Tray An nh


ng)
Chiu rng mt ng pha Lch Tray 16m n 18m, An 10m, nh ng
7m.
Chiu rng l ng trung bnh ng Lch Tray 9,7m, ng An ,
ng nh ng 6,2m.
Khong cch gia 2 vch cho ngi i b theo trc ng Lch Tray l
33,8m v theo trc ng An nh ng 34,8m.
ng Lch Tray An nh ng l li i thun 2 chiu cho cc loi
phng tin, th s, xe my, xe t.(tr xe ti trng > 15 tn).
Ng t c hai trc ng vi kch thc hnh hc khng i xng, c bit
chiu rng ng v lu lng xe khc nhau tng i ln, do khi b tr
cc cm n tn hiu cho phng tin v ngi i cn thm n bo cho r
phi khi n (hng An nh ng trnh n tc bi ng hp).
n bo cho php r ny c mc song song vi n ca hng An
nh ng khi n sang th n bo cho php r phi () sng xanh.

Hnh 1.3: Nt giao thng Qun Mau.


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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

Ng t Qun Mau khng phi l nt quan trng nhng c c im ng


hp, tp trung nhiu phng tin l xe my cng vi k tip ca ng t Cu
vt Lch Tray nn thng xuyn ch tc. Lng xe ln dn ti cc xe t cc
ng ng rt hay xung t vi nhau lm cho nt giao thng ny rt phc tp.
Nt giao thng ny mt phn cng lm cho lng xe t Cu Ro v b gin
on kh lu thng nn gp phn gy ch tc vo lc tan tm.

Hnh 1.6: Tham gia giao thng ti nt Qun Mau.


1.1.4. Nt giao thng Ng T Thnh i (Cu t Lch Tray L Li
T Hiu)
Chiu rng mt ng pha Cu t 14m, Lch Tray 18m, L Li 15m.
Khong cch gia 2 vch cho ngi i b theo trc ng Cu t Lch
Tray l 33m v theo trc ng L Li T Hiu l 30,7m.
ng Cu t, Lch Tray, T Hiu l li i thun c 2 chiu cho cc loi
phng tin th s, xe my, t.(tr xe c trng ti > 15 tn. Cn ng
L Li, t ch c i 1 chiu theo hng L Li.
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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

Ng t c hai trc ng kch thc hnh hc khng i xng, cn b tr cm


n tn hiu cho phng tin v ngi i b 2 chiu theo 2 hng nh nhau.
y l nt giao thng kh c bit c ti 2 ng 1 chiu l Cu t ch
c hng t Trung tm Thnh Ph v pha ng Lch Tray, v ng L
Li hng xe t T Hiu, Lch Tray i vo thnh ph.

Hnh 1.4: Nt giao thng ng t Thnh i.


Nt giao thng Ng t Tri Lnh c mt c im nu i t Hng Cu t
v th lng xe kh dy nhng c ti 3 hng r T Hiu, Lch Tray v L
li, cn hng Lch Tray i th ch c hng T Hiu v L Li nn gim
c ng k vic ch tc.

Hnh 1.8: Tham gia giao thng ng t Thnh i.


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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

1.2. MC TIU THIT K CA M HNH IU KHIN N GIAO


THNG (LN XANH)
- Xy dng m hnh trc quan th hin iu khin tn hiu theo ln sng
xanh on t Cu Ro n Ng t Thnh i.
Thit k iu khin tn hiu giao thng tp trung cc nt giao thng gn k
nhau, tha mn mc tiu nhng trc ng c u tin khi n xanh ti nt
s mt th di chuyn ti nt th 2 cng s gp n xanh. Khi thc hin iu
khin theo gii php ny th cn m bo rng cc trc ng khng c u
tin phi thng xut, phi tnh ton thi gian t cho mi hng tht hp l
nhm a ra mt gii php ti u nht khi s lng xe tham gia khng phi
gi cao im v gi cao im V tng t nh vy vi cc nt tip theo.
Tnh ton c tnh u vit hn so vi tn hiu iu khin hin ti:
Chng ta c bit tr ngi giao thng khng nhng nh hng n mi
ngi tham gia giao thng lng ph thi gian v tin bc. M cn tng thm
chi ph ca x hi cho cc hot ng giao thng.
Tng tnh nng lu thng cho cc nt giao thng, iu khin tin li d dng
tit kim chi ph v c tnh m rng cao.
Hin nay c tnh trng l ng rng nhng vn cn tnh trng ch tc, mt
phn do ngi tham gia nhng mt phn do cch b tr v iu khin cc cm
ng t s gip ci thin tnh hnh giao thng.
Nhm ti u ha vic tham gia ca cc phng tin v kh nng thng xe
nhanh nht trong iu kin c s vt cht ng v cc cng trnh h tr giao
thng hin c. Nng cao thc tham gia giao thng ca ngi tham gia vo
nhng tuyn ng c nhiu phng tin tham gia.

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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

CHNG 2: NG DNG PLC XY DNG H THNG IU KHIN


TN HIU N GIAO THNG THEO LN N XANH
2.1. GII THIU V PLC
2.1.1. Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC S7-200
2.1.1.1. Cu hnh cng
PLC vit tt ca Programmable Logic Control, l thit b iu khin logic
lp trnh c, cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin thng
qua mt ngn ng lp trnh.
Nhng c im ca PLC: (hnh 2.1)
- C th kt ni thm cc modul m rng ng vo/ra.
- Ngn ng lp trnh d hiu.
- D dng thay i chng trnh iu khin bng my lp trnh hoc
my tnh c nhn.
- tin cy cao, kch thc nh.
S7 200 l thit b iu khin kh trnh loi nh ca hng Siemens, c cu
trc theo kiu modul v c cc modul m rng. Cc modul ny s dng cho
nhiu ng dng lp trnh khc nhau. Thnh phn c bn ca S7200 l khi vi
x l CPU 212 hoc CPU 214. V hnh thc bn ngoi, s khc nhau ca hai
loi CPU ny nhn bit c nh s u vo/ra v ngun cung cp.
- CPU 212 c 8 cng vo, 6 cng ra v c kh nng c m rng thm
bng 2 modul m rng.
- CPU 214 c 14 cng vo, 10 cng ra v c kh nng c m rng
thm bng 7 modul m rng.
S7 200 c nhiu loi modul m rng khc nhau.
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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

2.1.1.2. CPU 214 bao gm:


- 2048 t n (4K byte) thuc min nh c/ghi non-volatile lu
chng trnh (vng nh c giao din vi EEPROM).
- 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic.
- C 7 modul m rng thm cng vo/ra bao gm lun c modul
analog.
- 128 Timer chia lm 3 loi theo phn gii khc nhau: 4 Timer 1ms,
16 Timer 10ms v 108 Timer 100ms.
- 128 b m chia lm 2 loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m
li.
- 688 bit nh c bit dng thng bo trng thi t ch lm vic.
hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung.
- 3 b m tc cao vi nhp 2 KHz v 7KHz.
- 2 b iu chnh tng t.
- Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190
gi khi PLC b mt ngun nui.
Cc cng ra

SIEMENS

SF
RUN
STOP

SIMATIC
S7 - 200

I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
I0.5
I0.6
I0.7

I1.0
I.11
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5

Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
Q0.4
Q0.5
Q0.6
Q0.7

Q1.0
Q1.1

Cc cng vo

Cng truyn thng RS 485


Hnh 2.1: B iu khin lp trnh c S7-200 vi khi vi x l CPU 214.
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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

M t cc n bo trn S7 -200 CPU 214:


SF

n SF bo hiu h thng b hng .n SF sdng ln khi

PLC
(n )

c hng hc .

RUN

n xanh RUN ch nh PLC ang ch lm vic v thc

hin
(n xanh)
STOP

chng trnh c np vo trong my .


n vng STOP ch nh rng PLC ang ch dng

.Dng
(n vng)
Ix .x

chng trnh ang thc hin li .


n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng

Ix.x
(n xanh)

(x.x = 0.0

1.5).n ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu

theo gi tr logic ca cng .


Qy.y

n xanh cng ra bo hiu trng thi tc thi ca cng

Qy.y
(n xanh)

(y.y = 0.0 1.1).n ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo

gi tr logic ca cng.
Cng truyn thng :
S7 200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS485 vi phch ni 9 chn
phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm PLC
khc.
Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 baud. Tc truyn cung
cp ca PLC theo kiu t do l 300 n 38.400. Xem (hnh 2.2)
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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

5 4
1111
9
6

2 1

7 6

Hnh 2.2: S chn ca cng truyn thng


Trong :

Chn

Gii thch

24 VDC

Truyn v nhn d liu

Khng s dng

5 VDC (in tr trong 100 )

24 VDC (120 mA ti a)

Truyn v nhn d liu

Khng s dng

ghp ni S7 200 vi my lp trnh PG702 hoc vi cc loi my lp


trnh thuc h PG7xx c th s dng cp ni thng qua MPI .Cp i km
theo my lp trnh .
Ghp ni S7 200 vi my tnh PC qua cng RS-232 cn c cp ni
PC/PPI vi b chuyn i RS232/RS485.
2.1.2. Cu trc b nh
2.1.2.1. Phn chia b nh:
B nh ca S7 200 c chia thnh 4 vng vi mt t c nhim v
duy tr d liu trong mt khong thi gian nht nh khi mt ngun. B nh
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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

ca S7 200 c tnh nng ng cao, c v ghi c trong ton vng, loi tr


phn bit nh c bit c k hiu SM (Special Memory) ch c th truy nhp
c. Vng d liu (Data) (hnh 2.3).

Hnh 2.3: B nh trong v ngoi ca S7 - 200


Vng chng trnh: l min nh c s dng lu cc lnh chng trnh.
Vng ny thuc kiu non-volatile c/ghi c.
Vng tham s: l min lu gi cc tham s nh: t kha, a ch trm cng
nh vng chng trnh, vng tham s thuc kiu non-volatile c/ghi c.
Vng d liu: dng ct cc d liu ca chng trnh bao gm cc kt qu
cc php tnh, hng s c nh ngha trong chng trnh, b m truyn
thng mt phn ca vng nh ny thuc kiu non-volatile.
Vng i tng: Timer, b m, b m tc cao v cc cng vo/ra tng
t c t trong vng nh cui cng. Vng ny khng kiu non-volatile
nhng c/ghi c.
2.1.2.2. Vng d liu

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Vng d liu l mt vng nh ng. N c th c truy nhp theo tng


bit, tng byte, tng t n hoc tng t kp v c s dng lm min lu tr
d liu cho cc thut ton cc hm truyn thng.
Chng c k hiu bng cc ch ci u ca tn ting Anh, c trng cho
tng cng dng ca chng nh sau:
V

- Variable memory.

- Input image regigter.

- Output image regigter.

- Internal memory bits.

SM

- Speacial memory bits.

a ch truy nhp c qui c theo cng thc:


- Truy nhp theo bit: Tn min (+) a ch byte (+)(+) ch s bit. V d
V150.4 ch bit 4 ca byte 150 thuc min V.
- Truy nhp theo byte: Tn min (+) B (+) a ch ca byte trong min. V
d VB150 ch 150 thuc min V.
2.1.3. M rng ng vo/ra:
C th m rng ng vo/ra ca PLC bng cch ghp ni thm vo n cc
modul m rng v pha bn phi ca CPU (CPU 214 nhiu nht 7 modul),
lm thnh mt mc xch, bao gm cc modul c cng kiu.
Cc modul m rng s hay ri rc u chim ch trong b m, tng ng
vi s u vo/ra ca cc modul.
Mi modul m rng s c cu to v chc nng nh sau:
Sau y l mt v d v cch t a ch cho cc modul m rng trn

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CPU214

I0.0
Q0.0
I0.1
Q0.1
I0.2

MODUL 0

MODUL 1

MODUL 2

MODUL 3

MODUL 4

(4vo/4ra)

(8 vo)

(3vo

(8 ra)

(3vo

analog /1ra

analog /1ra

analog)

analog)

I2.0

I3.0

AIW0

Q3.0

AIW8

I2.1

I3.1

AIW2

Q3.1

AIW10

I2.2

I3.2

AIW4

Q3.2

AIW12

Q0.2 I2.3

I3.3

AQW0

Q3.3

AQW4

I0.3

I3.4

Q3.4

Q2.0

I3.5

Q3.5

Q0.4

Q2.1

I3.6

Q3.6

I0.5

Q2.2

I3.7

Q3.7

Q0.5

Q2.3

Q0.3
I0.4

I0.6
Q0.6
I0.7
Q0.7
I1.1
Q1.0
I1.2
Q1.1
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5

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2.1.4. Thc hin chng trnh:


PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi
l mt vng qut (scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng gian on c d
liu t cc cng vo vng m o, tip theo l gian on thc hin chng
trnh. Trong tng vng qut, chng trnh c thc hin bng lnh u tin
v kt thc bng lnh kt thc (MEND). Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh
l gian on truyn thng ni b v kim tra li. Vng qut c kt thc
bng giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o ti cc cng ra (hnh2.4).

1. Nhp d
liu t ngoi
vi vo b m
o

4. Chuyn
d liu t
b m o
ra ngoi vi

3.Truyn
thng v
t kim
tra li.

2. Thc
hin
chng
trnh.

Hnh 2.4: Vng qut (scan) trong S7- 200.


Nh vy, ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm
vic m ch thng qua b m o ca cng trong vng nh tham s. Vic
truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi trong cc giai on 1 v 4 do CPU
qun l. Khi gp lnh vo/ra ngay lp tc th h thng s cho dng, ngay c
chng trnh x l ngt, thc hin lnh ny mt cch trc tip vi cng
vo/ra.

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Cc chng trnh con c nhm li thnh mt nhm ngay sau chng


trnh chnh. Sau n cc chng trnh x l ngt.
Bng cch vit nh vy, cu trc chng trnh c r rng v thun tin hn
trong vic c chng trnh sau ny. C th t do trn ln cc chng trnh
con v chng trnh x l ngt ng sau chng trnh chnh (hnh 2.5).

Main Program
:
:
MEND

SBR 0
:
:
RET

Chng trnh con th nht

SBR n
:
:
RET

Chng trnh con th n+1

INT 0
:
:
RET

INT n
:
:
RET

Chng trnh x l ngt th


nht

Thc hin trong mt vng


qut

Thc hin khi c


chng trnh chnh gi

Thc hin khi c tn hiu


bo ngt

Chng trnh x l ngt th


n+1

Hnh 2.5: Cu trc chng trnh S7 200.


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Hnh 2.6: Hnh nh thc t ca PLC S7 200.

Hnh 2.7: hnh nh thc t ca mt modul analog.

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2.1.5. Ngn ng lp trnh S7 200


2.1.5.1. Phng php lp trnh
S7 200 biu din mt mch logic cng bng mt dy cc lnh lp trnh.
Chng trnh bao gm mt dy cc lnh. S7 200 thc hin chng trnh bt
u t lnh lp trnh u tin v kt thc lnh cui trong mt vng. Mt
vng nh vy c gi l vng qut.
nh ngha v LAD:
LAD l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng ha. Nhng thnh phn c bn
dng trong LAD tng ng vi cc thnh phn ca bng iu khin bng
rle. Trong chng trnh LAD cc phn t c bn dng biu din lnh
logic nh sau:
- Tip im: l biu tng (symbol) m t cc tip im ca rle. Cc tip
im
c th l thng m hoc thng ng /.
- Cun dy (coil): l biu tng ( ) m t cc rle c mc theo chiu
dng
in cung cp cho rle.
- Hp (box): l biu tng m t cc hm khc nhau n lm vic khi c
dng in
chy n hp. Nhng dng hm thng c biu din bng hp l cc b
nh thi gian (Timer), b m (Counter) v cc hm ton hc. Cun dy v
cc hp phi c mc ng chiu dng in.
- Mng LAD: l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon thin, i t
ng ngun bn tri sang ng ngun bn phi. ng ngun bn tri l
dy nng, ng ngun bn phi l dy trung ha hay l ng tr v ngun
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cung cp (ng ngun bn phi thng khng c th hin khi dng


chng trnh tin dng STEP7-Micro/DOS hoc STEP7-Micro/WIN). Dng
in chy t bn tri qua cc tip im n cc cun dy hoc cc hp tr v
bn phi ngun.
nh ngha v STL: phng php lit k lnh (STL) l phng php th hin
chng trnh di dng tp hp cc cu lnh. Mi cu lnh trong chng
trnh, k c nhng lnh hnh thc, biu din mt chc nng ca PLC.
nh ngha v ngn xp logic (logic stack):
S0

Stack 0 bit u tin hay bit trn cng ca ngn xp

S1

Stack 1 Bit th hai ca ngn xp

S2

Stack 2 Bit th ba ca ngn xp

S3

Stack 3 Bit th t ca ngn xp

S4

Stack 4 Bit th nm ca ngn xp

S5

Stack 5 Bit th su ca ngn xp

S6

Stack 6 Bit th by ca ngn xp

S7

Stack 7 Bit th tm ca ngn xp

S8

Stack 8 Bit th chn ca ngn xp

2.1.5.2. C php lnh ca S7 200


H lnh ca S7 200: c chia lm ba nhm:
-Cc lnh m khi thc hin th lm vic c lp khng ph thuc vo gi
tr logic ca ngn xp.
-Cc lnh ch thc hin khi bit u tin ca ngn xp c gi tr logic bng
1.
-Cc nhn lnh nh du trong v tr tp lnh.
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Cc ton hng gii hn cho php ca CPU 214:


Phng php truy nhp

Gii hn cho php ca ton hng


ca CPU 214
V

(0.0 n 4095.7)

Truy nhp theo bit

(0.0 n 7.7)

(a ch byte, ch s bit)

(0.0 n 7.7)

(0.0 n 31.7)

SM

(0.0 n 85.7)

(0 n 7.7)

(0.0 n 7.7)

VB

(0 n 4095)

IB

(0 n 7)

MB

(0 n 31)

SMB

(0 n 85)

AC

(0 n 3)

Truy nhp theo byte

Hng s
VW

(0 n 4094)

Truy nhp theo t n (word)

(0 n 127)

(a ch byte cao)

(0 n 127)

IW

(0 n 6)

QW

(0 n 6)

MW

(0 n 30)

SMW

(0 n 84)

AC

(0 n 3)

AIW

(0 n 30)

AQW

(0 n 30)

Hng s
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VD

(0 n 4092)

Thuy nhp theo t kp

ID

(0 n 4)

(a ch byte cao)

QD

(0 n 4)

MD

(0 n 28)

SMD

(0 n 82)

AC

(0 n 3)

HC

(0 n 2)

Hng s

Cc lnh ghi/xa gi tr cho tip im:


SET (S)
RESET (R): Lnh dng ng v ngt cc im gin on c thit
k. Trong LAD, logic iu khin dng in ng hay ngt cc cun dy u
ra. Khi dng iu khin n cc cun dy th cc cun dy ng hoc m cc
tip im. Trong STL, lnh truyn trng thi bit u tin ca ngn xp n cc
im thit k. Nu bit ny c gi tr
Cc lnh logic i s Boolean:
Cc lnh tip im i s Boolean cho php to lp cc mch logic
(khng c nh). Trong LAD cc lnh ny c biu din thng qua cu trc
mch, mc ni tip hay song song cc tip im thng ng hay cc tip
im thng m. Trong STL c th s dng lnh A (And) v O (Or) cho cc
hm h hoc cc lnh AN (And Not), ON (Or Not) cho cc hm kn. Gi tr
ca ngn xp thay i ph thuc vo tng lnh.
Cc lnh tip im c bit

NOT

P N

C th dng cc lnh tip im c bit pht hin s chuyn tip trng thi
ca xung (sn xung) v o li trng thi ca dng cung cp (gi tr nh ca
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ngn xp). LAD s dng cc tip im c bit ny tc ng vo dng


cung cp. Cc tip im c bit khng c ton hng ring ca chnh chng v
th phi t chng pha trc cun dy hoc hp u ra. Tip im chuyn
tip dng/m (cc lnh sn trc v sn sau) c nhu cu v b nh bi
vy i vi CPU 214 c th s dng nhiu nht l 256 lnh.
Cc lnh so snh
Khi lp trnh, nu cc quyt nh v iu khin c thc hin da trn
kt qu ca vic so snh th c th s dng lnh so snh theo byte, Word hay
Dword ca S7 200.
AD s dng lnh so snh so snh cc gi tr ca byte, word hay
Dword (gi tr thc hoc nguyn). Nhng lnh so snh thng l: so snh nh
hn hoc bng (<=); so snh bng (==) v so snh ln hn hoc bng (>=).
Lnh nhy v lnh gi chng trnh con
Cc lnh ca chng trnh, nu khng c nhng lnh iu khin ring, s
c thc hin theo th t t trn xung di trong mt vng qut. Lnh iu
khin chng trnh cho php thay i th t thc hin lnh. Chng cho php
chuyn th t thc hin, ng l ra l lnh tip theo, ti mt lnh bt c no
khc ca chng trnh, trong ni iu khin chuyn n c nh du
trc bng mt nhn ch ch. Thuc nhm lnh iu khin chng trnh
gm: lnh nhy, lnh gi chng trnh con. Nhn ch ch, hay gi n gin
l nhn, phi c nh du trc khi thc hin nhy hay lnh gi chng
trnh con.
Cc lnh can thip vo thi gian vng qut
MEND, END, STOP, NOP, WDR
Cc lnh ny c dng kt thc chng trnh ang thc hin, v
ko di mt khong thi gian ca mt vng qut.
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Trong LAD v STL chng trnh phi c kt thc bng lnh kt thc
khng iu kin MEND. C th s dng lnh kt thc c iu kin END trc
lnh kt thc khng iu kin.
Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh, n chuyn iu khin chng trnh n
ch STOP. Nu nh gp lnh STOP trong chng trnh chnh, hoc trong
chng trnh con th chng trnh ang c thc hin s kt thc ngay lp
tc.
Cc lnh iu khin Timer
Timer l b to thi gian gia tn hiu ra nn trong iu khin vn thng
c gi l khu tr. Nu k hiu tn hiu (logic) vo l x(t) v thi gian tr
to ra bng Timer l th tn hiu u ra ca Timer s l x(t )
S7 200 c 64 b Timer (vi CPU 212) hoc 128 Timer (vi CPU 214)
c chia lm hai loi khc nhau l:
-Timer to thi gian tr khng c nh (On-Delay Timer), k hiu l TON.
-Timer to thi gian tr c nh (Retentive On-Delay Timer), k hiu l
TONR.
Cc lnh iu khin Counter
Counter l b m thc hin chc nng m sn xung trong S7 200.
Cc b m ca S7 200 c chia lm hai loi: b m tin (CTU) v b
m tin/li (CTUD).
ng h thi gian thc
ng h thi gian thc ch c vi CPU 214 . c th lm vic vi ng
h thi gian thc CPU 214 cung cp 2 lnh c v ghi gi tr cho ng h.
Nhng gi tr c c hoc ghi c vi ng h thi gian thc l cc gi tr
v ngy, thng, nm v cc gi tr v gi, pht, giy.
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2.2. NGUYN TC HOT NG CA N GIAO THNG TI MT


NG T
- Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng ca n giao thng

Hnh 2.8: M t mt nt giao thng


Cu to
H thng n giao thng hay l n iu khin giao thng gm hai
ct n chnh c lp t ti hai u ca hai ln ng khc nhau ng t.
Mi mt ct n gm 6 n l 3 n chnh gm: n xanh, n v n
; 2 n ph l 2 n trn (hnh 2.8)
dng iu khin ln ng dnh cho ngi i b: n xanh ngi i b v
n ngi i b.

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Ngoi ra, mi mt h thng n c mt hp iu khin t s pht ra tn


hiu iu khin n.
Tn hiu iu khin ca n t CPU thng qua cc cng ra ri n cc
rle, ri qua h thng dy ni n cc n.
Nguyn tc hot ng
C ch hot ng ca n giao thng tht ra rt n gin: Khi n ca ln
ng 1(x1) c bt sng th cng lc n ca ln ng 2 (2),
n cho ngi i b ln ng 1(n1), n xanh ngi i b ln ng
2 (xn2) cng c bt sng.Sau mt khong thi gian nht nh x1 tt,n
vng 1(v1) c bt ln .
Khi v1 tt th 2, n1, xn2 mi tt cng lc n xanh 2(x2), n
1(1), n cho ngi i b 2(n2), n xanh cho ngi i b 1(xn1)
c bt sng.
Lc n vng 2(v2) c bt ln cng l lc x2 tt, v2 tt chu k c
lp li vi 2, x1
Thng th mi cm ng t s c 2 hng ng: hng 1 v 2
Vic hot ng ca cc n s c cch tnh ton i xng vi nhau. n xanh
ca hng ny s i cng vi n ca hng cn li. V n s i vi
n vng v n xanh ca hng cn li.
C nh vy nt giao thng s c vn hnh: Ngoi ra cn hng i cho
ngi i b s chnh l n ca hng l chiu ngi i b c tham
gia theo chiu .
- Gin thi gian cho tng n
Vi mt chu k n bt k ta c gin thi gian hot ng ca tng
n nh sau: u tin xe l n xanh hng 1 v n hng 2, tip l
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n vng hng 1 v n hng 2, khi chuyn sang n hng 1 th s


l n xanh hng 2, k tip l hng 1 v vng hng 2.
Tng t nh vy cho cc chu k sau xem (hnh 2.9)
1
x1
v1
1

n1
xn2

2
2
x2
v2
xn2
n2

29 32

51 54 55

Hnh 2.9: Gin thi gian ca cc n tn hiu

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2.3. THIT K TN HIU N HOT NG TRN CC NT GIAO


THNG CHY THEO CNG MT TUYN NG (T CHC LN
SNG XANH GREEN LINE)
2.3.1. Gii thiu v phng php iu khin tn hiu giao thng theo ln
sng xanh
n tn hiu hot ng theo tuyn thng u vit hn hot ng c lp. n
tn hiu hot ng theo tuyn ng l n tn hiu cc nt trn cng mt
tuyn c sp xp m bo xe chy vi tc n nh khi ti nt tip theo
xe khng phi dng li m gp ngay n xanh, nh vy c th gim c thi
gian dng xe, tit kim nhin liu, tng kh nng thng xe v chy xe c an
ton hn, hn ch hin tng vt xe.
Cch t chc giao thng nh vy gi l t chc giao thng theo ln xanh
hay ln n xanh. t chc giao thng theo ln n xanh th cc loi xe
phi c cng mt tc gii hn, chy tp trung v theo tng t c tnh cht
chu k. Nu dng xe l dng hn hp cc loi xe c tc khc nhau th s
c xe n trc, xe n sau. Trong trng hp ny u tin xem xt n loi
xe c s lng ln nht.
Giao thng theo ln sng xanh thng c t chc nhng nt trn tuyn
giao thng chnh ca th. V vy, nu ni tt c cc nt ny v mt trung
tm iu khin th vic t chc theo ln sng xanh s d dng hn.
2.3.2. Phng php tnh ton, t thi gian cho tn hiu giao thng.
Khi , ch cn iu khin n xanh ng t th hai bt ln tr sau n xanh
ng t th nht mt khong thi gian t bng thi gian i t ng t ny n
ng t kia.
t = L/Vt
Trong :
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t thi gian chnh lch gia hai nt (s)


L khong cch gia hai nt (m)
Vt l vn tc xe (m/s)

Nt GT

Thi gian
T

T xanh

Hnh 2.10: Hnh nh v m hnh giao thng theo ln sng xanh.


th s chnh nhau v thi gian theo khong cch gia cc nt; ln xe chy
(phn gch cho) c th hin bng cch ly nt 1 lm im xut pht, sau
thi gian t1 xe n nt giao thng th 2 (N2) l im ct ti ng thi gian
tn hiu ca nt ny, tng t vi cc nt giao thng tip theo; T y ta d
dng thy c nhng tn hiu n xe s gp ng t trn tuyn ng.
Nh vy phng php ln xanh s rt thch hp vi cc ng t gn nhau c
khong cch u hoc gn u.
Vic p dng c ln xanh vo giao thng s tit kim c rt nhiu thit
b, v d c th dng mt s thit b ca mt nt cho 3 hoc 4 nt.
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C kh nng ghp ni cc chc nng gim st v kt ni mng cho cc hot


ng iu hnh giao thng trong tng lai (hnh 2.10).

Nt GT

Thi gian
Txanh T
Hnh 2.11: Hng phng tin ca cc nt giao thng khong cch khng
bng nhau trn cc on ng.
Khi khong cch khng u nhau c c ln xanh th 1 s nt giao
thng (N4, N5) c thi gian n rt t chnh lch v thi gian gia n
xanh v rt ln (hnh 2.11).
Tuy nhin nu trong trng hp cc ng t c khong cch, khng ng u
hay qu xa hoc gn. Lc ny th ln xanh s rt t kh nng xy ra, m nu c
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xy ra th ch c chu k u khi tnh ton m thi v vy khng kh thi. Nu


xy ra ln xanh th thi gian gia cc ng t phi khc nhau, thi gian xanh
ca 2 hng cng chnh lch rt ln. Rt kh cho vic iu hnh giao
thng c bit l gi cao im.

Nt GT

Thi gian

Hnh 2.12: B tr cc nt giao thng c thi gian chu k l ging nhau.


Vi nhng nt c khong cch khng u nhau th c chnh v thi gian
gia n xanh v s ln (hnh 2.12).
Nu khong cch ca cc ng t trong m hnh nh hnh 2.10 th ta nhn thy
rng c ln xanh tuy nhin thi gian n xanh hng s 2 qu nh ln rt

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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

kh thc hin. Nu nh mun tng thi gian ny ln th lc ny xy ra nhng


xung t ti cc ng t s tng ln lm gim tnh u vit ca ln sng xanh.
V vy cn a ra mt gii php s chia u on t nt Qun Mau n ng t
Thnh i c chiu di 1200m thnh 4 on 300m lc ny ta coi nh on
ny thnh 4 on u c ng t. Nh vy ta s c mt kt qu l c 6 on
ng t u nhau.

Nt GT

Thi gian

Hnh 2.13: Hng thit k chia cc khong ng thnh nhng on bng


nhau hoc gn bng c chu k cc ng t ging nhau.
c th m bo cc xe trong qu trnh chuyn ng, di chuyn thun li th
s c c bit 1 s nt khng t yu cu. Do vy phi c nhng gii quyt
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khc nhau nh; c th cho giao nhau khc mc nu l nt ch yu bin php


khc nh bt ng hay quy nh ng th yu.
T s hnh 2.12 v hnh 2.13, m bo nhng xe xut pht lc c tn
hiu xanh ng t th nht s gp n xanh ng t tip theo th thi gian
chu k n ca nhng ng t trn tuyn ng phi bng nhau v ln sng
xanh (c th l phn hng mi tn) c tnh cht lp li sau chu k ca mi
ng t ny.
C th thy trn hnh hnh 2.13
Khi m khong cch gia cc nt khng u nhau chu k n cng khng
ging nhau th trn ln xe chy (phn hng mi tn) tn hiu xanh gp li sau
mi ng t l rt t hay khng c ln sng xanh.
So snh thi gian chu k n trung bnh (Tcktb) ca cc ng t vi thi gian
trung bnh xe i qua nhng on ny (Sttb).
Nu (Tcktb tng ng ttb) ta thy thi gian chu k n l Tcktb > ttb th
ty theo yu cu giao thng mi ng t ta c th ly Tck = (1/2f) = 2ttb
ri hiu chnh theo thc t.
Thc t hin nay, c 6 nt giao thng trn tuyn ng thit k c h thng
n tn hiu giao thng vi lu lng xe khc nhau. Chu k n ca tng nt
c lp c tnh ton theo (bng 2.1).
Ta xc nh chu k n chung cho cc nt: ly 4 nt giao thng c lu lng
xe ln ch yu lm c s, l cc nt 2,3,4; ta tnh thi gian trung bnh
ca n xanh hng 1, xanh hng 2 (theo thi gian cc nt chn lm c s).
Tx1 = (28 + 32 + 24 + 30)/4 = 28,5 (s)
Tx2 = (18 + 24 + 18 + 16)/4 = 19 (s)
Tcktb = (52 + 52 + 48 + 52)/4 = 51 (s)
chnh lch thi gian (t) gia cc nt c tnh theo cng thc t = L/Vt
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v kt qu th hin Bng 2.1; vn tc xe c ly l vn tc trung bnh cc


loi xe:
Vt = 25km/h = 6,94 m/s
Bng 2.1: Cc thng s tnh ton cc nt t ng t Thnh i v Cu Ro.
Stt Chiu di t nt giao thng

Khong

Vn tc Thi gian

cch Lm

Vt m/s

t(s)

ng Quc Bnh Cu Vt

300

6,94

44

Cu Vt Qun Mau

300

6,94

44

Qun Mau Thnh i

1200

6,94

174

Ta c th tn hiu theo thi gian chnh lch (t) gia cc nt vi chu k


chung l 51s biu din trn hnh 2.13;
Vi s hnh 2.13; gia cc ng t trong tuyn cha to ra c ln sng
xanh; cho d phng tin xut pht thun chiu khi gp tn hiu xanh ng
t k tip hoc theo chiu ngc li.
Ch n cc nt giao thng ng Quc Bnh, Cu Ro, Qun Mau, Thnh
i chng ta nhn thy rng.
Nu em khong cch ca nt t Thnh i n Qun Mau thnh 4 on th
ta c nhng on u bng nhau.
Nn thi gian i qua mi on l nh nhau l:
Sttb = 300/6.94 = 44 (s)
Nh vy, c 51 (s) nt giao thng tip theo phi lp i lp li chu k n ca
nt giao thng trc xe i vi tc Vt gp n xanh ng t th nht s
gp tip n xanh ng t th 2.

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Mun m bo c iu ny sau mi chu k n ca ng t th thi gian chu


k n cho tt c cc ng t (Tcktb) phi xp x thi gian mt on u nhau
(ttb).
Tcktb = 51 (s)
Khi t chc ln sng xanh th cc ng nm trn tuyn phi c u tin
mc thp nht thi gian phng tin phi ch.
Do b qua thi gian ch nn ta c:
Bng 2.2: Chu k thi gian ca hng 1 v 2.
Txanh 1 = 29 (s)

Tvng 1 = 3 (s)

T = 19 (s)

Txanh 2 = 20 (s)

Tvng 2 = 3 (s)

T = 28 (s)

Trong hng 1 l hng dc theo trc ng Lch Tray, hng hai l


trc ng cn li ca mi ng t.
Thi gian chu k n lc ny l 51 (s)
T y ta tnh c thi gian tn hiu n trong chu k:
Thi gian xanh hng 1 l:
(29,6/51) * 52,32 = 27,5 (s)
Thi gian xanh hng 2 l:
(20,6/56,32) * 52,32 = 19 (s)
Thi gian vng l 2,91 (s)
th tn hiu n theo thi gian chu k 51(s) c biu th trn (hnh
2.13).
Ln sng xanh trn tuyn ng c thit k ti u nn khng cn
phi hiu chnh thm.
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127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

Theo nh tnh ton theo phng php ln sng xanh, th thi gian t ca
m hnh l thi gian ti u nht m cc tn hiu n lm tt nht nhim v
iu khin giao thng. Nu thay i hay iu chnh 1 trong cc ng t s xy
ra hin tng mt cn bng chu k thi gian t ca ln sng xanh.
Chnh v vy thi gian tnh ton l ti u, nn khi xy ra tc ng hay ch
tc th do lng xe qu nhiu cn dng cc bin php iu hnh ca cnh st
giao thng. Ngoi ra khng c cch khc iu khin tn hiu n trong trng
hp ny.
Ngoi ra vi thi gian 28s n xanh hng 1 v 20s n xanh hng 2 th
thi gian t ny kh ph hp v tng thm nhiu chu k n ti a kh nng
thng xe v gim thiu kh nng gp n trn trc ng chnh.
Nh vy trc ng chnh Lch Tray l tuyn ng c u tin trong ln
sng xanh m m hnh t ra.
Nhn thy vic p dng phng php tnh ton theo ln sng xanh cn
m bo yu t khong cch cc nt giao thng, tnh ng nht giao thng v
d lng xe tng ng, thi gian di chuyn gia cc ng t tng ng.
Ngoi ra khong cch gia cc ng t phi nh, tit kim chi ph i dy v cc
chi ph lp t khc.
Qua chng hai nhn thy vic dng PLC trong iu khin theo phng
php ln sng xanh l mt gii php hay c nhiu kh nng pht trin m
rng c h thng iu khin. C kh nng kt ni mng, kh nng m rng
chc nng gim st, v c bit l kh nng lm vic n nh.

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Sinh vin Phm Vn Chnh MSV: 111072
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CHNG 3: M HNH IU KHIN TN HIU N GIAO


THNG THEO LN N XANH TUYN NG T NG
T THNH I N CU RO
3.1. GII THIU CC THIT B TRONG M HNH
3.1.1. Thit b mch iu khin
Mt PLC S7-200: Thit b iu khin chnh ca ton b m hnh thit b ny
dng ngun 24v mt chiu. Chc nng iu khin theo chng trnh lp trnh
sn theo chng trnh cho trc.
Trong m hnh c tnh ton n vic m rng vic ghp ni iu khin vi
cc thit cm ng t vi nhau, ghp ni iu khin cc thit b gim st.
3.1.2. Thit b mch ng lc
- Mt bin p 5A: bin i in p 220v v in p 24v, v ngun nui PLC
v cc thit b trong m hnh dng in p 24v.
- Mt b chnh lu in p xoay chiu thnh in p 1 chiu 24v, do PLC v
n tn hiu l 24v mt chiu.
- 6 r le trung gian lm nhim v chp hnh iu khin ti phn cng, trc
tip cp ngun cho n tn hiu theo yu cu, cc r le cng dng ngun 24v
mt chiu.
- 48 n tn hiu trong 16 n xanh, 16 m vng, 16 n :
Tng chiu di m hnh l 260cm, rng 60cm, khong cch gia cc ng t
theo t l thc t l 1:1:4 trong thc t l T ng Quc Bnh n Cu vt
Lch Tray l 300m, t Cu vt Lch Tray n Qun Mau l 300m, t Qun
Mau n ng t Thnh i l 1200m.

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127.0.0.1 downloaded 8.PhamVanChinh_111072.pdf at Wed Jul 11 08:37:47 ICT 2012

3.2. VIT CHNG TRNH VI PLC S7-200


3.2.1. S khi ca chng trnh

Tn hiu
vo
- Start
- Stop

PLC

R le
trung gian

Tn hiu
n
Giao thng

Cc tn hiu vo ca nt bm

Trung tm iu khin

Thc hin iu khin

Cc n tn hiu (Xanh, Vng, )

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Thut ton ca m hnh:

Begin

Read_RTC
c gi tr thi
gian
thc trong PLC
Tha mn K
thi
gian hot ng
trong ch
ln sng xanh

Tha mn K
thi
gian hot ng
trong ch
m

So snh gi tr
Read_RTC vi
cc
gi tr thi
gian

Chng trnh con


hot ng trong ch
ln sng xanh

Chng trnh con


hot ng trong ch
m khuya

Cp tn hiu ng in cho cc
n Xanh, Vng v
cc chiu tng ng.

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3.2.2. Chng trnh vit trn PLC S7-200


Ngn ng LAD:

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3.3. M HNH
3.3.1. S u ni
Da vo bng b tr u vo, ra ta c s u ni thit b ngoi vi vi
PLC nh sau:
+24v
0v

R1 R2 R3 R4

VAC
85~26
4

1L 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 2L 0.4 0.5 0.6 3L 0.7 1.1 N


L1
S
F
I0.0
RUN
I0.1
STOP I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
SIMATIC
I0.5
S7I0.6
I0.7
200

RELAY
OUTPUT
S

SIEMEN
S

DC
24V
INPUT
S

R5 R6

I1.0
I1.1
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5

STO RU
P
N

TER
M

Q0.
0
Q0.
1
Q0.
2
Q0.
3
Q0.
4
Q0.
5
Q0.
6
Q0.
7

Q1.
0
Q1.
1

D
C
1M 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 2M 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 SENSO
SUPPL
R
M L+
Y

CPU
214

ADDRES
#

I 0.0 I 0.1

Hnh 3.1: S kt ni CPU 214.


- Trn hnh c 6 u ra r le trung gian l 0.1 n 0.3 ca L v 1.1, 1.2 ca
1L.
- C 2 u vo l I0.0 v I0.1 tng ng vi Sart v Stop.

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24v

0v

Xanh hng 1
R1
Xanh hng 2
R4
Vng hng 1
R2
Vng hng 2
R5

hng 1
R3
hng 2
R6

Hnh 3.2: S u ni mch ng lc.


R1 ...R6 : Cc rle trung gian s dng trong m hnh.
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D1...D48 : Cc n bo xanh vng ca tn hiu giao thng.


I0.0... I1.1 : Cc nt bm s dng trong chng trnh iu khin.
y l s u dy thc ca m hnh iu tn hiu giao thng theo ln
sng xanh.
Ngun cp cho PLC l 24V mt chiu.
Ngun nui m rng khng s dng trong m hnh thc nghim.
3.3.2. M hnh
Gii thiu tng th v m hnh iu khin tn hiu n giao thng theo ln
sng xanh on t Ng t Thnh i n Cu Ro.
Tng chiu di m hnh l 260cm, chiu rng 60cm, kch thc ng trong
m hnh 30cm, chiu cao ct 30cm.
Mi ng t gm 4 ct c lp t 14 n xanh vng.

Hnh 3.3: M hnh iu khin 4 ng t.


Trong m hnh c mt s on c chnh thng tin cho vic thit k
v lp t khoan ng. Nh on t Qun Mau n ng t Thnh i v cc
ng t c cu to khng i xng nh ng t Thnh i, Qun Mau khi thi
cng c c thit k i xng trong m hnh.
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M hnh ch trng vic gii quyt ln sng xanh ln cha gii quyt c
n i b.

Hnh 3.4: 1 nt giao thng trong m hnh.

Hnh 3.5: Hng giao thng t Ng T Tri Lnh v Cu Ro.


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KT LUN
n tm hiu v phng n thit k ln xanh nhm ci thin tnh hnh
giao thng ti cc ng t trng im, gii quyt tt nht nhim v ca n
giao thng gip cho giao thng c thng sut v hp l.
Trong n ny em ch yu tm hiu a ra gii php p dng phng
php xy dng theo ln sng xanh. Ti u ha nht nhm gip ngi tham
gia giao thng thun tin nht, c lng v tnh ton thi gian di chuyn,
kh nng xung t ca cc phng tin trong cc ng t. T nhng thng s
chung tc xe di chuyn, s lng xung t giao thng, rng ca cc ng
t t t cc thng s cho cc nt giao thng mt cch hp l nht.
V p dng ln sng xanh vi cc ng t c khong cch gn nhau m
bo cho tnh ton hp l iu khin chung nhm hp l ha iu khin v ti
u vic thc hin.
Sau khi thc hin n em tp hon thnh cc ni dung nh sau:
M t thc trng ti cc nt giao thng t Ng t Tri Lnh v Cu Ro.
Tm hiu v PLC S7-200, ng dng PLC xy dng m hnh thc h
thng giao thng iu khin theo ln sng xanh.
n c thc hin trong mt thi gian ngn khng trnh khi nhng sai
st mong cc thy c thng cm v gip em hon thin n ny.
Hi phng, ngy 8 thng 7 nm 2011

Sinh vin

Phm Vn Chnh
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TI LIU THAM KHO


1. TS. Phan Cao Th, KS.Trn Trung Vit, T chc giao thng bng n tn
hiu "Ln Sng Xanh", Nh xut bn Nng.
2. Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, T ng ha vi Simatic S7-200.
3. Th.S Chu Ch c, K thut iu khin lp trnh PLC Simatic S7-200.
4. L Vn Doanh, ng Vn o, L Hi Hng, Ng Xun Thnh, Nguyn
Anh Tun (2008), Chiu Sng Tin Nghi V Hiu Qu Nng Lng, Nh
xut bn Khoa hc k thut .
5. Www.google.com.vn

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