International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011 pp 58-64

Some Fixed Point Theorems for Contractive Type Mapping in n-banach spaces
Mukti Gangopadhyay1*, Mantu Saha2 AND A. P. Baisnab3
1 2

Calcutta Girls B.T. College, 6/1 Swinhoe Street, Kolkata-700019, (WB) INDIA.
3

Department of Mathematics, the University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713104, (WB) INDIA. Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, (WB) INDIA. Corresponding Addresses:
*

muktigangopadhyay@yahoo.com, mantusaha@yahoo.com

Research Article
Abstract: Some Fixed Point Theorems for a class of mappings with contractive iterates in a setting of n-Banach spaces have been proved. 2000 Mathematics subject classification: 47H10, 54H25. Keywords: n-Banach space, fixed point, contraction.

Definition 2.1: Given a natural number n, let X be a real vector space of dimension d n (d may be infinity). A real valued function .,...,. on X n satisfying following four properties, 0 if and only if x1 ,..., xn are (i) x1 ,..., xn linearly dependent in X. (ii) x1 ,..., xn is invariant under permutation of

1. Introduction
The concept of 2-normed spaces was introduced and studied by German Mathematician Siegfried Ghler [11], [12], [13], [14] in a series of paper as appeared in 1960s. Later on Misiak [1] had also developed the notion of an n-norm in 1989. The concept on n-inner product spaces is also due to Misiak who had studied the same as early as 1980 , see [1]. Following this one sees systematic development in theory of linear n-normed spaces as made by S. S. Kim and Y. J. Cho [10], R. Maleceski [7] and H. Gunawan and Mashadi [5]. H. Dutta and B. Surendra Reddy in [6], have shown that under certain cases convergence and completion in a n-normed space is equivalent to those in (n r) norm, r = 1, 2, , n 1. For related works of n-metric spaces and n-inner product spaces one may see [1], [2] and [3]. Recently H. Gunawan and M. Mashadi in [5] have proved some fixed point theorems for contractive mappings acting over a finite dimensional nBanach space. In this paper we also present some fixed point theorems for mappings with contractive iterates supposed to act on any n-Banach space. 2. We recall some preliminary Definitions related to our findings as presented here below.

x1 , x2 ,..., xn ,
(iii)

x1 ,..., xn 1 , xn

x1 ,..., xn 1 , xn

for

every (iv) x1 ,..., xn 1 , y z x1 ,..., xn 1 , y x1 ,..., xn 1 , z for all y and z in X, is called an n-norm over X and the pair X , .,...,.
n places

is called an n-normed spaces.

Definition 2.2.: A sequence space X , .,...,.

xk

in an n-normed

is said to converge to an element whenever every

x X (in the n-norm) for lim u1 ,..., un 1 , xk x 0

k

u1 ,..., un

X.

Definition 2.3.: A sequence space X , .,...,. with respect

xk

in an n-normed

is said to be a Cauchy sequence to n-norm if

International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2011

Page 58

Mukti Gangopadhyay, Mantu Saha and A.P. Baisnab

k ,l

lim u1 ,..., un 1 , xk
1

xl

for

every

L2 0,1

L2 0,1 ... L2 0,1

(n factors)

u1 ,..., un

X.

Reals denoted by f1 , f 2 ,..., f n and given by

1 1 1

Definition 2.4.: If every Cauchy sequence in X converges to an element x X , then X is said to be complete (with respect to the n-norm). A complete n-normed space is called an n-Banach space. Definition 2.5.: Let X be a n-Banach space and T be a self mapping of X. T is said to be continuous at x as x if for every sequence xk in X, xk

f1 p dt
0 0

f1 p dt ...
0

f1 p dt ...
1

f1 , f 2 ,..., f n
1

...
1

...
0 1

...

f n p dt
0 0

f n p dt ...
0

f n p dt

, where f1 , f 2 ,..., f n

L2 0,1 .
X , .,...,..
we

Note that in an n-normed space have for instance x1 ,...., xn

implies T xk

T x as k

in X.

0 and
1 1

x1 ,..., xn 1 , xn
Example 2.1: Take the function space L2 0,1 of all square integrable functions over the closed interval [0,1]. Then where for all
1

x1 ,..., xn 1 , xn
X

...

n 1 n 1

x1 , x2 ,..., xn

and for all scalars

,...

n 1

. Then it is a routine argument to see

p , p , p ,..., p ,...
are polynomials with

that L2 0,1 is an n-normed Banach space (see section 2.1 of [5]).

p s

t j , 0 t 1 and j

0,1, 2,... becomes a

as

linearly independent set in L2 0,1 . For a natural number n define an n-norm over L2 0,1

3. Theorem 3.1
Let T be a self-mapping of X such that there exists h where 0

1 and for all x, y, u1 ,..., un 2

, y T x , u1 ,..., un
X.

T x

T y , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max x y, u1 ,..., un
1

,
1 1

x T x , u1 ,..., un

, y T y , u1 ,..., un
k

, x T y , u1 ,..., un

(3.1)

then T has a unique fixed point z in X with lim T k x0 Proof: Let x0

z for each x0

X , and define a recursive sequence xk by

Tk
1

xk

T xk

x0 , k
1

0,1, 2,... .
1

Then by (3.1) we have,

xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

T xk
1 1

T xk , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max xk xk
1

xk , u1 ,..., un xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

, xk , xk

xk , u1 ,..., un xk , u1 ,..., un
1

, xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

h.max xk

xk , u1 ,..., un

, xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

, xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

Copyright 2011, Statperson Publications, International Journal of Statistika And Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011

International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011 pp 58-64

Now xk Case (i)

1

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
:

h. xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

is impossible, because 0

1 . So we need examining 2
1

case (i) and (ii) only as under. Suppose

1

max

xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

, xk

xk , u1 ,..., un

, xk
(3.2)

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

xk

xk , u1 ,..., un

Therefore xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un xk

1
1

h xk

xk , u1 ,..., un
1

Case (ii) : Suppose max xk

1

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
1 1

, xk

xk , u1 ,..., un

, xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

Therefore xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

h. xk h xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

h. xk

xk , u1 ,..., un

h. xk
1

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

implies
1

1 h xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

xk , u1 ,..., un

(3.3)

From (3.2) and (3.3) we have

xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

max h,
h
1

h 1 h
. xk

xk
1

xk , u1 ,..., un
1

for all k and for all u1 ,..., un

X. X.

So, xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

1 h

xk , u1 ,..., un

for all k and for all u1 ,..., un

Proceeding in this way

xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

h
1

1 h

xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

If s

1 h k , for u1 ,..., un 1 X , we have

xs , u1 ,..., un
1

...

x0

x1 , u1 ,..., un

r k x0

x1 , u1 ,..., un

, where r

h 1 h

1.

xk

xk
k 1

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

xk
1

xk 2 , u1 ,..., un
k

...
1

xs

xs , u1 ,..., un
.

r k 1 r r 2 ... r s
That means xk

r x0 x1 , u1 ,..., un 1 r is Cauchy sequence in X and let lim xk z X .

x0 x1 , u1 ,..., un
k

0 as k

Again for u1 ,..., un

X , xk
1

T z , u1 ,..., un

1
1

T xk

T z , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max xk

z, u1 ,..., un

, xk

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

, z T z , u1 ,..., un
1

xk T z , u1 ,..., un
k

, z T xk , u1 ,..., un
1

Passing on lim we have z T z , u1 ,..., un Therefore z

h. z T z , u1 ,..., un
k

T z and z is a fixed point of T where z

lim T k x0 for each x0

X.

Uniqueness of z is obvious. Theorem 3.2: Let X be a n-Banach space with T : X such that
International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2011 Page 60

X . Let Tk : X

be a sequence of mappings

Mukti Gangopadhyay, Mantu Saha and A.P. Baisnab

(i) Tk x

Tk y , u1 ,..., un y Tk y , u1 ,..., un

h.max x y, u1 ,..., un , x Tk y , u1 ,..., un

1

, x Tk x , u1 ,..., un
1

,
for all (3.4)

, y Tk x , u1 ,..., un

u1 ,..., un

and

x, y

X , k 1, 2,... with 0 h
k

and (ii) lim Tk x

1 . 2 T x for each x

X . Then T has a unique fixed point z in X such that z

1, 2,...
, x T x , u1 ,..., un
1

lim zk , z k
k

being the unique fixed point of Tk k Proof: Taking limit as k

in (3.4) we obtain
1

T x

T y , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max x y, u1 ,..., un
1

,
1

y T y , u1 ,..., un

, x T y , u1 ,..., un

, y T x , u1 ,..., un

for all u1 ,..., un

X and hence T

satisfies (3.4), Hence by Theorem 3.1, T has a unique fixed point say z Now for u1 , u2 ,..., un 1 X ,

X.

z zk , u1 ,..., un T z
Again Tk z

T z

Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
1

1 1

Tk z , u1 ,..., un

Tk z
1

Tk zk , u1 ,..., un

(3.5)

Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max z zk , u1 ,..., un zk Tk z , u1 ,..., un

Tk z
1

, z Tk z , u1 ,..., un
1

, zk Tk zk , u1 ,..., un

, z Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
1

implies
1

Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max z zk , u1 ,..., un
1

, z Tk z , u1 ,..., un

, zk

zk , u1 ,..., un

zk Tk z , u1 ,..., un

, z zk , u1 ,..., un
1

h max z zk , u1 ,..., un
z zk , u1 ,..., un
1

, z Tk z , u1 ,..., un
Tk z , u1 ,..., un
1

, zk Tk z , u1,..., un

(3.6)

By (3.5) and (3.6) we have,

T z

1
1

h.max z zk , u1 ,..., un

, z Tk z , u1 ,..., un
1

, zk Tk z , u1 ,..., un
1

T z

Tk z , u1 ,..., un

1 1

h. z zk , u1 ,..., un

z Tk z , u1 ,..., un
1
1 1

zk Tk z , u1 ,..., un

or, 1 h . z

zk , u1 ,..., un
1

z Tk z , u1 ,..., un

h. z Tk z , u1 ,..., un

h. zk Tk z , u1 ,..., un

1 h z Tk z , u1 ,..., un

h. zk Tk z , u1 ,..., un

1 h z Tk z , u1 ,..., un 1 h So, by routine calculation we get z lim zk .

or, z

zk , u1 ,..., un

h
1

1 h

zk Tk z , u1 ,..., un

Copyright 2011, Statperson Publications, International Journal of Statistika And Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011

International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011 pp 58-64

Theorem 3.3: Let X be a n-Banach space and Tk : X such that Tk

be a sequence of mappings with fixed point z k

T uniformly over zk to satisfy,

1

T x

T y , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max x y, u1 ,..., un
1

, x T x , u1 ,..., un
1

,
(3.7)

y T y , u1 ,..., un
for all x, y, u1 ,..., un then lim zk
k

, x T y , u1 ,..., un
X where 0 h

, y T x , u1 ,..., un

1 2

z where z is the fixed point of T in X.

0 , from uniform convergence of Tk on zk : k 1, 2,... there exists an integer k such that for
1

Proof: Fix all k

K and for all u1 ,..., un

X,
for all z k where M
1

T zk
Now z

Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
zk , u1 ,..., un
1

M T z Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
1

1 h . 1 h

(3.8)

T z
From (3.7) we get,

T zk , u1 ,..., un
1
1

T zk

Tk zk , u1 ,..., un

(3.9)

T z

T zk , u1 ,..., un

h.max z zk , u1 ,..., un zk T z , u1 ,..., un

1

, z T z , u1 ,..., un

, zk T zk , u1,..., un

, z T z k , u1,..., u n

h.max z zk , u1 ,..., un
Now T z

, zk T zk , u1 ,..., un
1

, z T zk , u1 ,..., un
1

, since z T z .

T zk , u1 ,..., un

h. z T zk , u1 ,..., un

is impossible because z

T z and 0 h

1 . 2

Hence above gives

T z

T zk , u1 ,..., un
1

h.max z zk , u1 ,..., un
Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
1

, zk T zk , u1 ,..., un

Using (3.9) we have

z zk , u1 ,..., un

T zk

1
1

h.max z zk , u1 ,..., un
T zk Tk zk , u1 ,..., un
1

, zk T zk , u1 ,..., un
1

h. z zk , u1 ,..., un
1

h. zk T zk , u1 ,..., un
1 h . z zk , u1 ,..., un
i.e.,
1

implies
1

1 h . zk T zk , u1 ,..., un

z zk , u1 ,..., un

1 h . Tk zk 1 h

T zk , u1 ,..., un
1

which equals to M Tk zk

T zk , u1 ,..., un

, for k

N using (3.8). Hence lim zk

k

X.

Theorem 3.4: Let S and T be two self mappings of X satisfying

Page 62

International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2011

Mukti Gangopadhyay, Mantu Saha and A.P. Baisnab

S x

T y , u1 ,..., un
1

h max x y, u1 ,..., un
1

, x S x , u1 ,..., un
1

,
(3.10)

y T y , u1 ,..., un
for all x, y, u1 ,..., un

x T y , u1 ,..., un

y S x , u1 ,..., un 2

X where 0 h X.

1 . Then S and T have a unique common fixed point z 2

S x2 k and x2 k T x2 k

X where

lim TS
n

x0

z for each x0

Proof: Let x0 Then by (3.10)

X and define xk by x2 k

x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un

S x2 k
1

T x2 k

, u1 ,..., un
1
1

h max x2 k

x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un

, x2 k

x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un

x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un
x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un

x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un

x2 k 2
,

x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un

h max x2 k

, x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un

x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un 2

(3.11)

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un 1 max x2 k x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un 1 , x2 k 2 In case x2 k x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un 1 2 x2 k x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un 1

Let Then x2 k

x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un

(3.12)

x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un x2 k
x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un

x2 k
1

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un
1

2 x2 k
Thus x2 k

, gives x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un
1

x2 k

x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

that means right hand side of (3.11) equals to x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un
1

, contrary to the case as assumed above.

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un
1

2 x2 k
1

x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

By a similar argument we arrive at

x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un

2 x2 k

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un h. x2 k
1

Therefore (3.11) is not tenable. Further x2 k 1 x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un 1

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un
1

and therefore (3.11) gives

x2 k x2 k
have

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un
1

h. x2 k h. x2 k
1

x2 k 1 , u1 ,..., un x2 k , u1 ,..., un
xk , u1 ,..., un
1

By exactly the same argument we produce

1

h2 . xk
k

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un
x1 , u1 ,..., un

1
1

for all u1 ,..., un

xk

X and therefore for all k we

1

... h . x0

xk 1 , u1 ,..., un

h. xk

Copyright 2011, Statperson Publications, International Journal of Statistika And Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011

International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, E-ISSN: 2249-8605, Volume 1, Issue 3, 2011 pp 58-64

NOW following standard and usual arguments one reaches to conclude that xk is a Cauchy in X, and let lim xk
k

X . Now for u1 ,..., un

1

X,

x2 k

S z , u1 ,..., un
1

T x2 k
1

S z , u1 ,..., un

h.max x2 k
x2 k
1

z, u1 ,..., un
1

,
1

x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un
1

, z S z , u1 ,..., un
1

,
1

[11] S. Ghler, Lineare 2-normierte Rame, Math., Nachr, 28(1964), 1-43 (German) MR 29#6276.Zbl 142.39803. [12] , Untersuchungen Uber verallgemeimerte m-metrische Rame I, Math. Nachr. 40 (1969), 165-189 (German), MR 40#1989.Zbl 182.56404. [13] , Untersuchungen Uber verallgemeimerte m-metrische Rame II, Math. Nachr. 40 (1969), 229-264 (German), MR 40#1989.Zbl 182.56501. [14] , Untersuchungen Uber verllgemeinerte m-metrische Rame III, Math. Nachr. 41 (1969), 23-36 (German), MR 40#1989.Zbl 182.56601.

1 x2 k 2
Passing

S z , u1 ,..., un
on
1

z x2 k 2 , u1 ,..., un

lim above
k

gives
1

z S z , u1 ,..., un

h z S z , u1 ,..., un

Acknowledgement: The first author acknowledges for financial support from University Grants Commission, Regional Office, Kolkata sanctioning (vide sanction letter no.F.PSW-032/11-12 (ERO), dated 08.08.2011) the Minor Research Project to the author.

and we conclude that z

S z .
T z and hence z is a

Similarly, we show that z

common fixed point of S and T. Uniqueness of z is obvious by virtue of (3.10). Finally taking x x0 X , and following iteration scheme as undertaken we have TS So,
k

x0

x2 k .

lim TS

x0

lim x2k

X.

The proof is now complete.

References:
[1] A. Misiak, n-inner product spaces, Math. Nachr. 140 (1989) 299-319. MR 91a: 46021. Zbl 673 .46012. [2] C. Diminnie, S. Ghler and A. White, 2-inner product space, Demonstratio Math. 6(1973), 525-536, MR 51#1352.Zbl 296.46022. [3] H. Gunawan, On n-inner products, n-norms and the Cauchy Schwarz inequality, Sci. Math. Japan. [4] H. Ganawan and Mashadi, On finite dimensional 2-normed spaces, Soochow J. Math. 27 (2001), 321-329. [5] Hendra Gunawan and M. Mashadi, On n-normed spaces, IJMMS 27:10 (2001) 631-639. [6] Hemen Dutta, B. Surender Reddy, On nonstandard n-norm on some sequence spaces, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 68, No. 1, 2011, 1-11. [7] R. Malceski, Strong n-convex, n-normed spaces, Mat. Bilten (1997), no. 21, 81-102. MR 99m: 46059. [8] Reddy B. S. and H. Dutta, On equivalence of n-norms in nnormed spaces, Pacific Journal of Science and Technology (2010), 11(1), 233-238. [9] Reddy B. S., Elementary properties of n-Banach spaces, The Journal of the Indian Academy of Mathematics. [10] S. S. Kim and Y. J. Cho, Strict convexity in linear n-normed spaces, Demonstratio Math. 29 (1996), no. 4, 739-744. MR 98 a: 460 11. Zbl 894. 46004.

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