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CHUYN 1. CHNG I: S IN LI
A. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit PT in li ca cc cht sau: a. HNO3, Ba(OH)2, NaOH, H2SO4, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, BaCl2, NaHCO3, H2S. b. CuSO4, Na2SO4 , Fe2(SO4)3, NaHPO4, Mg(OH)2, CH3COOH, H3PO4, HF. Cu 2. Vit PT phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) khi trn ln cc cht sau: a. dd HNO3 v CaCO3 b. dd KOH v dd FeCl3 c. dd H2SO4 v dd NaOH d. dd Ca(NO3)2 v dd Na2CO3 e. dd NaOH v Al(OH)3 f. dd Al2(SO4)3 v dd NaOHva g. dd NaOH v Zn(OH)2 h. FeS v dd HCl i. dd CuSO4 v dd H2S k. dd NaOH v NaHCO3 l. dd NaHCO3 v HCl m. Ca(HCO3)2 v HCl Cu 3. Nhn bit dung dch cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc. a. NH4NO3, (NH4)2CO3, Na2SO4, NaCl. b. NaOH, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3 c. NaOH, H2SO4, BaCl2, Na2SO4, NaNO3 (ch dng thm qu tm). Cu 4. Vit phng trnh phn t ng vi phng trnh ion thu gn ca cc phn ng sau 2+ 2+ a. Ba + CO3 BaCO3 b. NH4 +OH NH3 +H2O c. S2- + 2H+ H2S d. Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 + e. Ag + Cl AgCl f. H+ + OH- H2O Cu 5. Vit PT dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng trong dd theo s sau: a. Pb(NO3)2 + ? PbCl2 + ? b. FeCl3 + ? Fe(OH)3 + ? c. BaCl2 + ? BaSO4 + ? d. HCl + ? ? + CO2 + H2O e. NH4NO3 + ? ? + NH3 + H2O f. H2SO4 + ? ? + H2O Cu 6. Tnh nng cc ion trong cc dung dch sau a. dd NaOH 0,1M b. dd BaCl2 0,2 M c. dd Ba(OH)2 0,1M Cu 7. Ha tan 20 gam NaOH vo 500 ml nc thu c dung dch A. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch A b. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M trung ha dung dch A. Cu 8. Trn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M thu c dung dch C. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch C. b. Trung ha dung dch C bng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 CM. Tnh CM. Cu 9. Trn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch D. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch D. b. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m. Cu 10. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau a. NaOH 0,001M b. HCl 0,001M c. Ca(OH)2 0,0005M d. H2SO4 0,0005M Cu 11. Trn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M thu c dung dch A. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch A. b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. Cu 12. Trn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0.1M vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0.1M thu c dung dch D. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch D. b. Tnh pH ca dung dch D. c. Trung ha dung dch D bng dung dch H2SO4 1M. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M cn dng. Cu 13. Hn hp dung dch X gm NaOH 0.1M v KOH 0.1M. Trn 100 ml dung dch X vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0.2M thu c dung dch A. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch A. b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. + 2 Cu 14. Dung dch X cha 0.01 mol Fe3+, 0.02 mol NH4 , 0.02 mol SO4 v x mol NO3 . a. Tnh x.
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b. Trn dung dnh X vi 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0.3 M thu c m gam kt ta v V lt kh (ktc).Tnh m v V. Cu 15. Trn 100 ml dung dch FeCl3 0.1M vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0.1 M thu c dung dch D v m gam kt ta. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong D. b. Tnh m. Cu 16. Trn 50,0ml dd NaOH 0,40M vi 50,0 ml dd HCl 0,20M c dd A. Tnh pH ca dd A Cu 17. Trn ln 100ml dd HCl 0,03M vi 100 ml dd NaOH 0,01M c dd A. a. Tnh pH ca dd A. b. Tnh th tch dd Ba(OH)2 1M trung ha dd A Cu 18. Trn ln 100ml dd K2CO3 0,5M vi 100ml dd CaCl2 0,1M. a. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c. b. Tnh CM cc ion trong dd sau phn ng. Cu 19. Trn 50ml dung dch HCl vi 50ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 thu c dung dch X c pH = 2. S mol ca dung dch HCl ban u l bao nhiu? Cu 20. Chia 19,8 gam Zn(OH)2 thnh hai phn bng nhau: a. Cho 150 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M vo phn mt. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. b. Cho 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo phn hai. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. Cu 21. Cho 100 ml dung dch hn hp A gm H2SO4 0,015M; HCl 0,03M; HNO3 0,04M. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M trung ha ht 200ml dung dch A. Cu 22. Cho 100 ml dung dch hn hp X gm Ba(OH)2 0.015M; NaOH 0.03 M; KOH 0.04M. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0.2M trung ha dung dch X. Cu 23. Cho dung dch A gm 2 cht HCl v H2SO4. Trung ho 1000 ml dung dch A th cn 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui. a. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung dch A. b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. Cu 24. Cho 200 ml dung dch gm MgCl2 0,3M; AlCl3 0,45M; v HCl 0,55M tc dng hon ton vi V lt dung dch C gm NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,01M. Hy tnh th tch V c kt ta ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht? Tnh lng kt ta ? Cu 25. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol/l vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH a mol/l, thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a. Cu 26. trung ha 500 ml dung dch X cha hn hp HCl 0,1M v H 2SO4 0,3M cn bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,3M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M?

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B. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 1. Trn 250 ml dd hn hp HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol/l vi 250 ml dd Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 12. Hy tm m v x. Gi s Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Cu 2. Trn 300 ml dd hn hp NaOH 0,1 mol/l v Ba(OH) 2 0,025 mol/l vi 200 ml dd H2SO4 c nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH=2. Hy tm m v x. Gi s H2SO4 in li hon ton c hai nc. Cu 3. Dung dch X cha hn hp KOH v Ba(OH)2 c nng tng ng l 0,2M v 0,1M. Dung dch Y cha hn hp H2SO4 v HCl c nng ln lt l 0,25M v 0,75M. Tnh th tch dung dch X cn trung ha va 40 ml dung dch Y. Cu 4. Dung dch A gm 5 ion: Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, 0,1 mol Cl- v 0,2 mol NO3 . Thm t t dung dch K2CO3 1M vo dung dch A n khi lng kt ta ln nht. Tnh th tch dung dch K2CO3 cn dng. 2 Cu 5 (A-2010). Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO4 v x mol OH . Dung dch Y c cha ClO4 ,
NO3 v y mol H+; tng s mol ClO v NO3 l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch Z. Tnh pH ca dung dch 4

Z (b qua s in li ca H2O). Cu 6 (A-2010). Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tnh V. Cu 7 (A-07). Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Tnh pH ca dung dch X. Cu 8 (B-08). Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng a (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Xc nh gi tr ca a (bit trong mi dung dch [H+][OH-] = 10-14). 2Cu 9 (CA-07). Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+ , x mol Cl- v y mol SO4 . Tng khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Xc nh gi tr ca x v y. 2+ Cu 10 (CA-08). Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO4 , NH4 , Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta; - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi). Cu 11 (CA-2009). Cho dung dch cha 0,1 mol (NH4)2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch cha 34,2 gam Ba(OH)2. Sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta v V lt kh (ktc). Xc nh gi tr ca V v m.

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CHUYN II. NIT - PHOTPHO

A. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Nhn bit dung dch cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc. a. NH3, Na2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4. b. NH4NO3, NaNO3, FeCl3, Na2SO4. c. NH4NO3, NaCl, FeCl3, (NH4)2SO4. d. NH4NO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2CO3. Cu 2. Cn bng cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron. a. Al + HNO3 ? + N2O b. FeO + HNO3 ? + NO c. Fe(OH)2 + HNO3 ? + NO d. Fe3O4 + HNO3 ? + NO2 e. Cu + HNO3 ? + NO2 f. Mg + HNO3 ? + N2 * g . Al + HNO3 ? + NH4NO3 * h.R + HNO3 ? + N2O * i . FexOy + HNO3 ? + NO * k . Fe3O4 + HNO3 ? + NxOy Cu 3. Hon thnh cc chui phn ng sau.

+ + + + + + + + + +

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
0

+H 2 O +HNO3 +HCl +NaOH t a. Kh A dung dch A B Kh A C D + H2O (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
2) ) b. NO2 (1) HNO3 ( Cu(NO3)2 (3) Cu(OH)2 ( 4 ) Cu(NO3)2 (5 CuO (6 ) Cu (2) (1) c.

N 2 NH3 NH4 NO3 (4) (8)

(3)

Cu 4. Cn ly(5 ) nhiu lt kh N2 v (6 ) iu ch c 67,2 lt kh NH3 (ktc). Bit hiu sut ca phn ng l bao H2 25%. 2 3 (7 ) Cu 5. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch (NH4)2SO4 1M, un nng nh. a. Vit phng trnh phn t, phng trnh ion thu gn. b. Tnh th tch kh thu c iu kin tiu chun. Cu 6. Ha tan 3 gam hn hp Cu v CuO trong 1,5 lt dung dch axit HNO 3 1M (long) thy thot ra 6,72 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. a. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol ca ng (II) nitrat v dung dch axit nitric sau phn ng. Bit th tch dung dch sau phn ng khng thay i. Cu 7. iu ch 5 tn axit nitric nng 60% cn dng bao nhiu tn NH3. Bit s hao ht NH3 trong qu trnh sn xut l 3,8%. Cu 8. t chy hon ton 6,2 gam P trong oxi d. Cho sn phm to thnh tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 32% to ra mui Na2HPO4. a. Tnh khi lng dung dch NaOH dng. b. Tnh nng % ca mui trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng. Cu 9. thu c mui trung ha, cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 1M cho tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M. Cu 10. Ha tan hon ton 3.2 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 0.5M (va ) thu c V lt kh NO ( ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht).

N O N O

HNO

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a. Tnh gi tr V. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 0.5M cn dng. Cu 11. Ha tan m gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 6.72 lit kh N2 ( ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch cha x gam mui. Tnh m v x. Cu 12. Ha tan m gam Cu bng dung dch HNO3 0.5M (va ) thu c 0.03 mol NO v 0.02 mol NO2 v dung dch cha x gam mui. a. Tnh m v x. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 0.5M cn dng. Cu 13. Ha tan 12 gam hn hp Cu v Fe bng dung dch HNO3 c ngui, d thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2 ( ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u. Cu 14. Ha tan 8,3 gam hn hp Al v Fe bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 8,96 lt kh NO2 (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch cha m gam mui. a. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u. b. Tnh m. Cu 15. Cho 60 gam hn hp Cu v CuO bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht). Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u. Cu 16. Cho m gam hn hp Fe v Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c 67,7 gam hn hp cc mui khan. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u. Cu 17. Cho 68,7 gam hn hp kim loi Al, Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui, d. Sau phn ng thu c 26,88 lt kh NO2 (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht) v m gam cht rn B khng tan. Tnh m. Cu 10. Khi cho 9.1 gam hn hp Cu v Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, d un nng sinh ra 11.2 lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. Cu 11. Cho 19,5 gam mt kim loai M hoa tri n tan ht trong dung dich HNO3 thu c 4,48 lit khi NO ( ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Xc nh kim loi M. Cu 13. Chia hn hp 2 kim loi Cu v Al thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho tc dng hon ton vi dd HNO3 c, ngui thu c 8,96 lt kh NO2 (gi s ch to ra kh NO2). Phn 2: Cho tc dng hon ton vi dd HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh. a. Vit cc pthh. b. Xc nh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp trn. Cc th tch kh c o kc. Cu 14. Ha tan hon ton 24,8g hn hp kim loi gm ng v st trong dung dch HNO3 0,5M thu c 6,72l (kc) mt cht kh duy nht, khng mu ho nu ngoi khng kh. a. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 0,5 M cn dng ho tan ht hn hp trn. c. Nu cho 1/2 lng hn hp trn vo dung dch HNO3 c, ngui th th tch kh mu nu thu c ( kc) l bao nhiu? Cu 15. Cho 21,8g hn hp kim loi gm bc v st tc dng va vi 1,2 lt dung dch HNO3 0,5M thu c mt cht kh (X) duy nht, khng mu ho nu ngoi khng kh. a. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh th tch kh (X) thu c kc. Cu 16. Chia hn hp Cu v Al lm hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho vo dung dch HNO3 c, ngui th c 8,96 lt kh mu nu bay ra. Phn 2: Cho vo dung dch HCl th c 6,72 lt kh H2 bay ra. Xc nh thnh phn % v khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. Cc th tch kh c o kc. Cu 17. Cho 11,0 gam hn hp Al v Fe vo dung dch HNO 3 long, d th c 6,72 lt kh NO bay ra (kc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u. Cu 18. Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c ngui thu c 0,896 lt mu nu kc. Mt khc, nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl 10% thu c 0,672 lt kh kc. a. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b. Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl cn dng.
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Cu 19. Ha tan ht 1,92 gam mt kim loi trong 1,5 lt dd HNO3 0,15M thu c 0,448 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dd A. Bit khi phn ng th tch dd khng thay i. a. Xc nh kim loi R. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dd A. Cu 20. Chia 34,8 gam hn hp kim loai gm Al, Fe va Cu thanh 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn I: Cho vo dung dich HNO3 c ngui, d thu c 4,48 lit khi NO2 ( ktc). - Phn II: Cho vao dung dich HCl d thu c 8,96 lit H2 ( ktc). Hy xc nh khi lng cua Al va Fe trong hn hp ban u. Cu 21. Cho 100 ml dung dch X cha Al(NO3)3 0,2M, Cu(NO3)2 0,1M v AgNO3 0,2M tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d thu c m gam kt ta. Xc nh gi tr ca m. Cu 22. Ho tan hon ton 0,9 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,28 lt kh N2O (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M. Cu 23. Cho m gam Al tan hoan toan trong dung dich HNO 3 thu c 44,8 lt hn hp 3 kh gm NO, N2O va N2 ( ktc) co ti l mol mol: nNO : nN 2 : nN 2O = 1: 2 : 3 . Xc nh gi tr m. Cu 24. Cho 6,4 g kim loi ha tr II tc dng vi dd HNO3 c, d thu c 4,48 lt NO2 (kc, l sn phm kh duy nht). Xc nh kim loi . Cu 25. Cho 15 g hh Cu v Al tc dng vi dd HNO3 long (ly d) thu c 6,72 lt NO (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht). Xc nh khi lng ca Cu v Al trong hn hp u. Cu 26. Ha tan mt lng 8,32 gam Cu tac dung va u vi 240 ml dd HNO 3 cho 4,928 lit ( ktc) hn hp khi gm NO va NO2 thoat ra. a. Tnh s mol cua mi khi trong hn hp khi thu c. b. Tnh nng dung dch HNO3 dng. Cu 27. Cho dung dch cha 11,76 gam H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 16,8 gam KOH thu c dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 28 (B-09). Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam hn hp gm cc cht. Xc nh cc cht v khi lng chng bng bao nhiu? Cu 29 (B-09). Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam hn hp gm cc cht. Xc nh cc cht v khi lng chng bng bao nhiu? Cu 30 (B-08). Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc cht no? Khi lng bng bao nhiu? Cu 31. Cho 14,2 gam P2O5 v 100 ml dung dch cha NaOH 1M v KOH 2M thu c dung dch X. Xc nh cc anion c mt trong dung dch X. Cu 32. Thm 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200ml dung dch H3PO4 1,5M. a. Tm khi lng mui thu c?

b.

Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch to thnh?

B. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

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Cu 1 (A-2010). Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3. Cu 2. Mt lng 8,32 gam Cu tc dng va vi 140 ml dung dch HNO 3 cho 4,928 lt kc hn hp gm hai kh NO v NO2 bay ra. a. Tnh s mol mi kh to ra. b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch axit ban u. Cu 3. Ho tan Fe trong HNO3 d thy sinh ra hn hp kh cha 0,03 mol NO2 v 0,02 mol NO. Khi lng st b ho tan l bao nhiu gam? Cu 4. Hoa tan hoan toan hn hp gm 0,1 mol Fe va 0,2 mol Al vao dung dich HNO 3 d thu c hn hp khi X gm NO va NO2 co ti l mol tng ng la 2:1. Tnh th tich cua hn hp khi X (ktc). Cu 5. Hoa tan hoan toan 11 gam hh gm Fe va Al trong dd HNO3 d thu c 11,2 lit hh khi X (ktc) gm NO va NO2 co khi lng 19,8 gam. Bit phan ng khng tao NH4NH3. a. Tnh th tich cua mi khi trong hh X. b. Tnh khi lng cua mi kim loai trong hn hp u. Cu 6. Ho tan hon ton 5,94g kim loi R trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 2,688lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 18,5. Xc nh kim loi R. Cu 7. Nung nong 39 gam hh mui gm va KNO3 va Cu(NO3)2 n khi lng khng i thu c rn A va 7,84 lit hn hp khi X ( ktc). Tnh % khi lng cua mi mui trong hh ban u. Cu 8 (A-09). Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung dch Y. Tnh pH ca dung dch Y. Cu 9. Nung m gam Fe trong khng kh, thu c 104,8g hn hp A gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3d, thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn hp kh C gm NO v NO 2 (ktc) c t khi so vi He l 10,167. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 10. t chy 5,6g bt Fe nung trong bnh O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO v Fe. Ho tan hon ton hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh B (ktc) gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi H2 l 19. Xc nh gi tr ca V. Cu 11. Thu phn hon ton 8,25 gam mt photpho trihalogenua thu c dung dch X. trung ho X cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 3M. Xc nh cng thc ca photpho trihalogenua. Cu 12. Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui. Tnh m. Cu 13 (B-08). Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l bao nhiu (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)? Cu 14 (A-09). Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8 ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Xc nh kh NxOy v kim loi M. Cu 15 (B-08). Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X. Cu 16 (A-07). Ho tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng HNO3, thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 19. Xc nh gi tr ca V. Cu 17 (B-07). Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d) thot ra 0,56 lt (ktc) kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Xc nh gi tr ca m. Cu 18 (CA-08). Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Tnh khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u.

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Cu 19 (A-2010). Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3. Cu 20. Hn hp A gm N2 v H2 vi t l mol 1: 3. To phn ng gia N2 v H2 cho ra NH3 vi hiu sut H% thu c hn hp kh B. T khi ca A so vi B l 0,6. Tnh gi tr ca H. Cu 21 (B-2010). Mt loi phn supephotphat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn li gm cc cht khng cha photpho. Xc nh dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny. Cu 22. Ho tan hon ton m gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi hi i vi H2 l 16,6. Xc nh gi tr ca m.

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CHUYN 3. CACBON - SILIC

A. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: a. NaHCO3 + NaOH b. NaHCO3 + HCl c. SiO2 + HF d. CO2 + NaOH 1 mol 1 mol e. CO2 + NaOH 1 mol 2 mol f. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 1 mol 1 mol g. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 2 mol 1 mol h. CO (d) + Fe2O3 i. CO (d) + Fe3O4 Cu 2. t mt mu than (cha tp cht khng chy) c khi lng 0,6 gam trong oxi d thu c 1,06 m3 (ktc) kh cacbonic. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca cacbon trong mu than trn. Cu 3. Cho 224 ml kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht trong 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M. Tnh khi lng ca nhng cht trong dung dch to thnh. Cu 4. Cho 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) sc vo dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 5. Sc 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch D. Tnh khi lng cc cht tan trong dung dch D. Cu 6. Sc 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch D. Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc cht tan trong dung dch D. Cu 7. Sc 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 400 ml dung dch NaOH CM thu c dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c 19 gam hn hp hai mui. a. Tnh khi lng mi mui. b. Tnh nng dung dch NaOH em dng. Cu 8. Nung 52,65 gam CaCO3 10000C v cho ton b kh thot ra hp th ht vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8M. Hi thu c mui no? Khi lng l bao nhiu. Bit hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn CaCO3 l 85%. Cu 9. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 2M ti thiu hp th ht 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Cu 10. Kh hon ton 23,2 gam Fe3O4 bng kh CO d. Kh thu c sc vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m. Cu 11. Kh hon ton m gam Fe2O3 bng kh CO d. Kh thu c sc vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 30 gam kt ta. Tnh m. Cu 12. Kh hon ton 2,32 gam Fe3O4 bng kh CO d thu c m gam cht rn. Ha tan hon ton cht rn thu c bng dung dch axit HNO3 thu c V lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tnh m v V. Cu 13. Kh hon ton m gam gam Fe3O4 bng V lt kh CO (va ) thu c cht rn C. Ha tan hon ton cht rn C thu c bng dung dch axit HNO3 thu c 6,72 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tnh m v V. Cu 14 (CA-09). Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc), sau phn ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l

B. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

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Cu 1. Dn mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra khi bnh c dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 5 gam kt ta. Tnh tng khi lng 2 oxit trong hn hp u. Cu 2. Cho kh CO qua ng cha 15,2g hn hp gm CuO v FeO nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh B v 13,6g cht rn C. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Xc nh gi tr ca m. Cu 3. Dn mt lung kh CO qua ng s ng m gam hn hp CuO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 v Al2O3 ri cho kh thot ra hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 15 gam kt ta. Cht rn cn li trong ng s c khi lng 215,0 gam. Xc nh gi tr ca m. Cu 4. Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02 M th thu c 0,5 gam kt ta. Xc nh gi tr ti thiu ca V. Cu 5. Cho 1,344 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 2 lt dung dch X cha NaOH 0,04M v Ca(OH) 2 0,02M thu c m gam kt ta. Xc nh gi tr ca m. Cu 6. Ho tan hon ton 11,2 gam CaO vo H2O thu c dung dch A. Sc V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch A thu c 15 gam kt ta. Xc nh gi tr ca V. Cu 7 (C-2010). Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, thu c dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, Xc nh nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X. Cu 8 (A-09). Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 9 (A-08). Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta.Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 10 (A-07). Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr ca a. Cu 11 (CA-08). Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr ca V. Cu 12 (A-09). Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Tnh khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u. Cu 13 (A-08). Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Xc nh gi tr ca V.

CHUYN 4. I CNG V HA HU C
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Cu 1. Oxi ha hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 0,672 lt CO2 (ktc) v 0,72 gam H2O. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Cu 2. Oxi ha hon ton 0,67 gam -caroten ri dn sn phm oxi ha qua bnh 1 ng dd H2SO4 c, sau qua bnh 2 ng Ca(OH)2 d. Kt qu cho thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,63 gam; bnh 2 c 5 gam kt ta. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong phn t -caroten. Cu 3. Tnh khi lng mol phn t ca cc cht sau: a. Cht A c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 2,07. b. Th tch hi ca 3,3 gam cht X bng th tch ca 1,76 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin). Cu 4. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t cho thy limonen c cu to t hai nguyn t C v H, trong C chim 88,235% v khi lng. T khi hi ca limonen so vi khng kh gn bng 4,69. Lp cng thc phn t ca limonen. Cu 5. t chy hon ton 0,3 gam cht A (phn t ch cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 gam kh CO2 v 0,18 gam nc. Th tch hi ca 0,3 gam cht A bng th tch cu 0,16 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht A. Cu 6. Anetol c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy anetol c %C=81,08%; %H=8,1%, cn li l oxi. Lp cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t ca anetol. Cu 7. Hp cht X c % khi lng C, H v O ln lt l 54,54%, 8,1% v 36,36%. Khi lng phn t ca X l 88g/mol. Lp cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 8. Hp cht Z c cng thc n gin nht l CH3O v c t khi hi so vi hidro l 31. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Z. Cu 9. t chy hon ton 2,46 gam cht hu c (A) thu c 5,28 gam CO 2, 0,9 gam H2O v 224ml N2 (o ktc). T khi hi ca (A) so vi khng kh l 4, 24. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (A). Cu 10. t chy hon ton 5,6 lt cht kh hu c, th thu c 16,8lt CO2 v 13,5 gam H2O. Cc cht kh (o ktc). Lp cng thc phn t, bit rng 1 lt kh cht hu c ktc nng 1,875 gam. Cu 11. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hp cht hu c (D) cn va 14,4 gam oxi, thy sinh ra 13,2 gam CO2 v 7,2 gam nc. a. Tm phn t khi cu (D). b. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (D). Cu 12. t a gam cht (X) cn 0,3 mol O2 thu c 0,2 mol CO2, 0,3 mol H2O. Hy xc nh a gam, cng thc n gin ca (X)? Cu 13. t chy hon ton 9,9 gam cht hu c (A) gm 3 nguyn t C, H v Cl. Sn phm to thnh cho qua bnh ng H2SO4 m c v Ca(OH)2 th thy khi lng cc bnh ny tng ln lt l 3,6 gam v 8,8 gam. a. Tm cng thc nguyn (A). b. Xc nh CTPT, bit (A) ch cha 2 nguyn t Clo. Cu 14. t chy hon ton 112 cm3 mt hydrocacbon (A) l cht kh (ktc) ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh (I) ng H2SO4 m c v bnh (II) cha KOH d ngi ta thy khi lng bnh (I) tng 0,18 gam v khi lng bnh (II) tng 0,44 gam. Xc nh CTPT (A). Cu 15. t chy hon ton hp cht hu c gm C, H, Cl, sinh ra 112 cm3 CO2 (o ktc) v 0,09 gam H2O. Cng t hp cht h c cho tc dng AgNO3 th thu c 1,435 AgCl. Lp CTPT cht hu c. Bit rng t khi hi cht so vi He l 21,25. Cu 16. Mt cht hu c c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 12 : 2,5 : 4. Bit rng c 0,1 mol cht hu c c khi lng 7,4 gam. a. Lp CTPT cht hu c. b. Vit CTCT cc ng phn. Cu 17. t chy hon ton 1,608 gam Cht (A), thu c 1,272 gam Na 2CO3, 0,528gam CO2. Lp CTPT (A). Bit rng trong phn t ch cha 2 nguyn t Na.

CHUYN 5: HIDROCACBON NO
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A. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn ankan ng vi cng thc phn t C 4H10, C5H12 v C6H14, C7H16 . Gi tn theo danh php thng v tn thay th. Cu 2. Vit CTCT ca cc ankan c tn sau: a. pentan, 2-metylbutan, isobutan v 2,2-imetylbutan. b. iso-pentan, neo-pentan, 3-etylpentan, 2,3-imetylpentan. Cu 3. Gi tn cc cht sau theo danh php thng v danh php thay th: a. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3; b. CH3-(CH2)4-CH3 c. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3; d. CH3-C(CH3)2-CH3 Cu 4. Gi tn cc cht sau theo danh php thay th. a. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3 b. CH3-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH3 c. CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH3 d. CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH3 Cu 5. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: askt a. CH4 + Cl2 1 mol 1 mol askt b. C2H6 + Cl2 1 mol 1 mol askt c. CH3-CH2-CH3 + Br2 1 mol 1 mol t0 d. CH4 + O2
CaO, t e. CH3COONa + NaOH f. Al4C3 + H2O Cu 6. Vit PTHH iu ch cc ankan sau t cc cht tng ng. Metan, 2-clobutan, iso-propyl clorua. Cu 7 (A-08). Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl2 (askt) theo t l s mol 1 : 1. a. Xc nh s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c.b. Vit PTHH to cc sn phm mono clo tng ng . Cu 8. Khi clo ha C5H12 vi t l mol 1:1 thu c mt sn phm th monoclo duy nht. a. Xc nh CTCT v danh php IUPAC ca ankan . b. Vit PTHH ca phn ng xy ra. Cu 9. Khi clo ha mt ankan c cng thc phn t C6H14, ngi ta ch thu c 2 sn phm th monoclo. a. Xc nh CTCT v danh php IUPAC ca ankan . b. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu 10. Ankan Y mch khng nhnh c cng thc n gin nht l C2H5. a. Tm cng thc phn t, vit CTCT v gi tn Y. b. Vit PTHH phn ng ca Y vi Clo khi chiu sng (t l 1:1), ch r sn phm chnh. Cu 11. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt C3H8 (ktc) thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) v m gam nc. Tnh m v V. Cu 12. t chy hon ton V lt kh C4H10 (ktc). Ton b sn phm chy sc vo dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 40 gam kt ta. a. Tnh V. b. Tnh khi lng mui thu c. Cu 13. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 9 gam nc. Xc nh cng thc ca X. Cu 14. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt ankan X (ktc) thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v m gam nc. a. Tnh khi lng nc thu c. b. Xc nh cng thc ca X. Cu 15. Khi t chy hon ton mt ankan A th th tch Oxi phn ng bng 5/3 ln th tch ca kh CO 2 sinh ra trong cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc ca ankan A. Cu 16. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt ankan B (ktc) cn 11,2 lt O2 (ktc). a. Xc nh cng thc ca B. b. Tnh khi lng CO2 v nc sinh ra.
0

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Cu 17. t chy hon ton 3,36 lt hn hp kh metan v etan thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp A. Cu 18. Xicloankan n vng X c t khi hi so vi nit bng 2. Lp cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 19. Khi t chy hon ton 3.6 gam ankan X thu c 5.6 lt CO2 (ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 20. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt hn hp gm C2H6 v C3H8 ( ktc) ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh 1 ng dung dch H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong c d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng m g, bnh 2 tng 22 g. a. Xc nh gi tr ca m. b. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u. Cu 21. t chy hon ton m g hn hp gm CH4, C2H6 v C4H10 thu c 3,3g CO2 v 4,5 g H2O. Xc nh gi tr ca m. Cu 22. Mt hn hp 2 ankan k tip c khi lng 24,8 gam c th tch tng ng l 11,2 lt ( ktc). Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ankan. Cu 23. t chy hn hp hai hidrocacbon ng ng k tip nhau ta thu c 11,7g H2O v 17,6g CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca hai hidrocacbon trn. Cu 24. Khi t chy hon ton 7,84 lt hn hp kh gm CH4, C2H6, C3H8 (ktc) thu c 16,8 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v x gam H2O. Xc nh gi tr ca X. Cu 25. t chy hon ton 11,2 lt hn hp propan v butan (ktc) ri cho tt c sn phm chy thu c vo dung dch NaOH th thu c 95,4 gam Na2CO3 v 84 gam NaHCO3. a. Tnh thnh phn % v s mol ca hn hp. b. Tm th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5 M cn thit dng trong trng hp trn. Cu 26. t chy hon ton 0,01 mol ankan (A). Dn ton b sn phm chy qua bnh Ca(OH) 2 d ngi ta thu c 4 gam kt ta. a. Tm cng thc phn t ca Ankan (A). b. B l ng ng lin tip ca A. B tc dng vi clo (askt) theo t l mol 1:1. Ngi ta thu c 4 sn phm. Hy xc nh CTCT ng ca (B). Cu 27. Mt hn hp gm 2 ankan X v Y l ng ng k tip nhau c khi lng 10,2 gam. t chy hon ton hn hp cn 36,8 gam O2. a. Tnh khi lng CO2 v H2O to thnh. b. Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan. Cu 28. Khi tin hnh craking 22,4 lt kh C4H10 (ktc) thu c hn hp A gm CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, H2 v C4H10 d. t chy hon ton A thu c x gam CO2 v y gam H2O. Xc nh gi tr ca x v y. Cu 29. Hn hp (X) gm 2 ankan A, B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng c d X/He = 16, 6 . Xc nh CTPT ca A, B v tnh % V ca hn hp. Cu 30. Mt ankan c thnh phn % cc nguyn t: %C = 84,21; %H = 15,79. T khi hi ca ankan i vi khng kh l 3,93. Xc nh CTPT ankan. Cu 31. t chy hon ton 3,6 g mt ankan A thu c 11g CO 2 v 5,4g nc. Khi clo ha A theo t l mol 1:1 to thnh dn xut monoclo duy nht. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A.

B. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

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Cu 1. Hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip. t chy X vi 64 gam O 2 (d) ri dn sn phm thu c qua bnh ng Ca(OH)2 d thu c 100 gam kt ta. Kh ra khi bnh c th tch 11,2 lt 0 OC v 0,4 atm. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v B. Cu 2 (A-2010). t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 3. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Xc nh tn gi ca X. Cu 4 (B-08). Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO 2 ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1:1). a. Xc nh s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra. b. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu 5 (A-08). Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 6 (A-07). Khi brom ho mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi so vi hiro l 75,5. Xc nh tn ca ankan . Cu 7. Khi t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 9,0 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan. Cu 8. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai hidrocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng cn dng 6.16 lt O 2 (kc) v thu c 3.36 lt CO2 (kc). Tnh gi tr ca m.

CHUYN VI. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

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A. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit CTCT cc ng phn (cu to) anken ng vi CTPT l C4H8 v C5H10 v gi tn theo tn thay th. Cu 2. Vit CTCT cc anken c tn gi sau: a. Butilen, 2-metylbut-2-en, pent-1-en, 2,3-imetylpent-2-en. b. Propilen, hex-1-en, etilen, 2-metylpent-1-en, iso-butilen. Cu 3. Gi tn cc anken sau theo danh php thay th a. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3, CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3. b. CH3-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3, CH2=CH-CH3, CH2=CH2. Cu 4. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: Ni, t0 a. CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2 b. CH2=CH-CH3 + Br2 c. CH2=C(CH3)-CH3 + HBr d. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 e. CH3-CH=CH-CH3 f. C2H4 g. nCH2=CH2 h. nCH2=CH-CH3 + + + H2O HBr O2
H t p, xt, t p, xt, t
0 0 0 0 +

p, xt, t i. nCH2=CHCl Cu 5. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau i t cc cht hu c tng ng. PE, PVC, etilen, propilen, 2-clopropan, ancol etylic. Cu 6 (A-08). Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2. Cht no c ng phn hnh hc. Vit CTCT cc ng phn cis-trans ca n. Cu 7. Vit CTCT cc ng phn ankin ng vi CTPT l C4H6 v C5H8 v gi tn theo tn thay th. Cu 8. Vit CTCT cc ankin c tn gi sau: a. Metyl axetilen, etyl metyl axetilen, imetyl axetilen, 3-metylbut-1-in, pent-1-in. b. Hex-2-in, axetilen, 3,4-imetylpent-1-in. Cu 9. Gi tn cc anken sau theo danh php thay th a. CHCH-CH2-CH3, CHC-CH(CH3)-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3. b. CH3-CC-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3, CHCH-CH3, CHCH. Cu 10. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: Ni, t0 a. CHC-CH3 + H2

b. CHC-CH3 c. CHC-CH3 d. CHCH 1 mol e. CHCH f. 2CHCH g. 3CHCH

+ + + +

H2 Br2 HCl 1 mol H2O

Pd, PbCO3 , t

Hg xt ( ha) ime
0

2+

600 C, xt (trimeha) Cu 11. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc mono me tng ng. Axetilen, vinyl clorua, benzen, vinyl axetilen. Cu 12. Hon thnh cc chui phn ng sau: a. CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H5Cl C2H4. b. CH4 C2H2 C4H4 C4H6 polibutadien c. CH4 C2H2 C6H6 C6H5Br

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d. C2H6 C2H4 PE e. CH4 C2H2 Vinyl clorua PVC Cu 13. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc. a. CH4, C2H4, C2H2 v CO2. b. But-1-in v but-2-in c. Benzen, hex-1-en v toluen d. Benzen, stiren v toluen Cu 14. T CH4 v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc, hy vit cc PTHH iu ch: Cao su buna, benzen, PE v PVC. Cu 15. Vit CTCT cc ng phn benzen ng vi CTPT C8H10 v gi tn cc ng phn . Cu 16. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: t0 a. C6H5CH3 + Br2 b. C6H5CH3 + Br2
Fe, t
0 0

H2SO4 (c), t c. C6H5CH3 + HNO3(c) d. C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 e. C6H5CH=CH2 + HBr p, xt, t0 e. nC6H5CH=CH2 Cu 17. t chy hon ton 3.36 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen thu c 8.96 lt kh CO2 v m gam nc (cc kh u c o ktc). a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u. b. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 18. t chy hon ton hn hp kh C3H6 v C4H8. Ton b sn phm chy thu c dn qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 (c), bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong d. Thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 9 gam, bnh 2 tng m gam. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 19. t chy hon ton 2.24 lt hn hp kh propilen v butilen. Ton b sn phm chy thu c sc qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 25 gam kt ta v thy khi lng bnh tng ln m gam. a. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp u. b. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 20. Dn t t 3,36 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dung dch brom thy dung dch b nht mu v khng c kh thot ra. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng tng 4,9 gam. a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn. b. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u. Cu 21. Dn t t 4,48 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dung dch brom d thy c 80 gam brom phn ng. a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn. b. Tnh th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u. Cu 22. t chy hon ton 0.672 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen cn 2.688 lt kh oxi. Ton b sn phm chy thu c sc vo dung dch nc vi trong d thu c m gam kt ta. a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u. b. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 23. t chy hon ton 4.48 lt hn hp hai anken X (ktc) l ng ng k tip ca nhau thu c 11.2 lt kh CO2 (ktc). a. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken. b. Tnh % th tch mi anken trong hn hp ban u. Cu 24. t chy hon ton 6.72 lt hn hp X gm hai anken l ng ng k tip nhau cn 26.88 lt kh oxi. a. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken. b. Cho hn hp X qua dung dch brom d, tnh khi lng brom tham gia phn ng. Cu 25. Oxi ha hon ton 0,68 gam ankadien X thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc). a. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.

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b. Vit CTCT c th c ca X. Cu 26. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp kh gm metan v etilen i qua dung dch brom d, thy dung dch b nht mu v c 1,12 lt kh thot ra. Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Tnh % theo th tch mi kh trong hn hp ban u. Cu 27. Dn 3,36 lt hn hp A gm propin v etilen i vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thy cn 0,84 lt kh thot ra v c m gam kt ta. Cc th tch kh c o iu kin tiu chun. a. Tnh % theo th tch etilen trong A. b. Tnh m. Cu 28. Dn 6,72 lt hn hp kh X gm propan, etilen v axetilen qua dung dch brom d, thy cn 1,68 lt kh khng b hp th. Nu dn 6,72 lt kh X trn qua dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 thy c 24,24 gam kt ta. Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh % theo th tch v theo khi lng mi kh trong hn hp ban u. Cu 29. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hidrocacbon X thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 (cc th tch kh c o ktc). X tc dng vi AgNO3 trong NH3 sinh ra kt ta Y. Xc nh CTCT ca X. Cu 30. Hidrocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 3,17. t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 c khi lng bng 4,28 ln khi lng H2O. nhit thng X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Khi un nng X lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4. Tm CTPT v vit CTCT ca X. Cu 31. Cho benzen tc dng vi lng d HNO3 c c xc tc H2SO4 c iu ch nitrobenzen. Tnh khi lng nitrobenzen thu c khi dng 1 tn benzen vi hiu sut 78%. Cu 32. Trng hp 5,6 lt C2H4 (ktc) nu hiu sut phn ng t 90% th khi lng polime thu c l bao nhiu? Cu 33. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt C3H6 ( ktc) ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong c d thy khi lng bnh tng m(g). Xc nh gi tr ca m. Cu 34. Hn hp X gm C2H4 v C2H2. Dn 1,12 lt hn hp X i qua bnh ng dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 2,4 g kt ta vng. Xc nh th tch ca C2H4 v C2H2 o c iu kin chun? Cu 35. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt hn hp kh C2H4 v C3H6 (ktc) thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc). a. Xc nh % theo th tch mi kh trong hn hp u. b. Tnh khi lng nc sinh ra. Cu 36. Mt hn hp gm hai anken c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc) k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Khi cho hn hp i qua dung dch brom th thy khi lng bnh brom tng ln 15,4 g. a. Xc nh CTPT ca hai anken. b. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp ban u. Cu 37. Cho (A) v (B) l 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau. Cho 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 anken (A) v (B) qua bnh ng dung dch Br2 thy bnh Br2 tng ln 28 gam. a. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B. b. Cho hn hp 2 anken + HCl thu c 3 sn phm. Hy cho bit CTCT ca (A) v (B). Cu 38. Dn 4,48 lt hn hp gm C2H4 v C3H4 (ktc) qua bnh ng dung dch Br2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 6,2 gam. Tnh phn trm th tch ca C3H4 trong hn hp. Cu 39. Cho 12,60 gam hn hp 2 anken l ng ng k tip tc dng va vi dung dch Br 2 thu c 44,60 gam hn hp sn phm. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 anken. Cu 40. Chia 16,4 gam hn hp gm C2H4 v C3H4 thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng va vi dung dch cha 56,0 gam Br2. Phn 2 cho tc dng ht vi H2 (Ni, t0), ri ly 2 ankan to thnh em t chy hon ton th thu c x gam CO2. Tnh gi tr ca x. Cu 41. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp 2 ankin l ng ng k tip thu c 9,0 gam nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ankin. Cu 42. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 anken thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tnh th tch kh O2 (ktc) tham gia phn ng chy.

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Cu 43. t chy hon ton hn hp 3 anken ri dn sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 ng dung dch H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam v khi lng bnh 2 tng (m + 5,2) gam. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 44. Khi cho 0,2 mol mt ankin tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 (d) thu c 29,4 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca ankin.

B. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 1 (A-07). Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m. Cu 2 (B-2008). t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 3 (B-2010). Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 11,25. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (cc th tch kh o ktc). Xc nh cng thc ca ankan v anken. Cu 4 (A-07). Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon. Cu 5 (B-08). Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc). Cu 6 (A-2010). un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 trong mt bnh kn (xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi H2 l 10,08. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 7 (B-09). Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anken. Cu 8 (C-09). Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho. Cu 9 (C-2010). Cho 3,12 gam ankin X phn ng vi 0,1 mol H2 (xc tc Pd/PbCO3, t0), thu c hn hp Y ch c hai hirocacbon. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 10. Hn hp X gm mt olefin M v H2 c khi lng phn t trung bnh 10.67 i qua Ni un nng thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi H2 l 18. Bit M phn ng ht. Xc nh CTPT ca M. Cu 11 (C-2010). Cho 3,12 gam ankin X phn ng vi 0,1 mol H2 (xc tc Pd/PbCO3, t0), thu c hn hp Y ch c hai hirocacbon. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.

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CHUYN VII DN XUT HALOGEN - ANCOl - PHENOl

A. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit CTCT cc ng phn ancol ng vi CTPT C3H8O, C4H10O, C5H12O v gi tn theo danh php thay th. Cu 2. Vit CTCT cc ancol c tn gi sau: a. Ancol iso-propylic, ancol etylic, ancol n-propylic, etanol, propan-1-ol. b. 3-metylbutan-1-ol, 2-metylbutan-2-ol, pentan-1-ol, 2-metylpropan-2-ol. Cu 3. Gi tn cc ancol sau theo danh php thay th. a. CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH; CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3. b. CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-OH; CH3OH, CH3-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2OH Cu 4. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: t0 a. CH3Cl + NaOH b. CH3-CH2-CH2Cl c. CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + + KOH KOH
t C2 H 5OH, t
0 0 0

C2 H 5OH, t d. CH3-CHCl-CH2CH3 + NaOH Cu 5. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: a. CH3OH + Na b. C3H5(OH)3 + Na c. ROH + HCl H2SO4 ,1400 C d. C2H5OH

e. C2H5OH f. CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 g. C2H5OH h. iso-C3H7OH + i. n-C3H7OH k. C2H5OH + CuO + + CuO

t
0

H2SO4 ,170 C H2SO4 ,170 C t

0 0

CuO O2

t t
0 0

t l. CnH2n+1OH + O2 Cu 6. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: a. C6H5OH + Na b. C6H5OH + KOH c. C6H5OH + Br2 H2SO4 (c), t d. C6H5OH + HNO3 (c) Cu 7. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng: Etanol, etilen, propan-2-ol, propilen Cu 8. Hon thnh cc chui phn ng sau: a. Metan axetilen etilen etanol axit axetic b. Benzen brombenzen natri phenolat phenol 2,4,6-tribromphenol Cu 9. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc: a. Etanol, glixerol, nc v benzen. b. Phenol, etanol, glixerol, nc. c. Propan-1,2-iol; propan-1,3-iol. d. Propan-1,2,3-triol; propan-1,3-iol; 2-metylpropan-2-ol. Cu 10. T axetilen, vit PTHH ca cc phn ng iu ch: etyl bromua (1); 1,2-ibrometan (2); vinyl clorua (3).
0

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Cu 11. T propen v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c cc cht sau: propan-2-ol (1); propan1,2-iol (2). Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu 12. T benzen v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c cc cht sau: 2,4,6-tribromphenol (1); 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (2). Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu 13. Cho 12,2 gam hn hp X gm etanol v propan-1-ol tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,8 lt kh (ktc). a. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b. Cho hn hp X qua ng ng CuO un nng. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu 14. t chy hon ton 5,5 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol CH3OH v C2H5OH thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v m gam nc. a. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u. b. Tnh gi tr m. c. un nng hn hp X vi xc tc H2SO4 c nhit 1400C thu c hn hp 3 ete. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu 15. t chy hon ton 10,6 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol C2H5OH v n-C3H7OH. Ton b sn phm chy thu c sc vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 50 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng ln m gam. a. Tnh khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh gi tr m. c. Cho hn hp X qua ng ng CuO un nng. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu 16. Cu . Cho 11 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ancol. b. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u. Cu 17. t chy hon ton 0.1 mol mt ancol no, n chc X cn V lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 6.72 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v gam nc. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. b. Tnh gi tr m. c. Tnh V bng cc phng php khc nhau. Cu 18. t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 19. un nng 15,2 gam hn hp 2 ancol no n chc, l ng ng k tip vi H2SO4 c 140OC, thu c 12,5 gam hn hp 3 ete (h = 100%). a. Xc nh cng thc ca 2 ancol. b. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u. Cu 20. Cho 3,7 gam mt ancol no, n chc, mch h tc dng vi Na d thy c 0,56 lt kh thot ra ( ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 21. Cho 14 gam hn hp A gm phenol v etanol tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh % mi cht trong hn hp A. c. Cho 14 gam hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 () th thu c bao nhiu gam axit picric (2,4,6trinitrophenol). Cu 22. Cho hn hp A gm etanol v phenol tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi nc brom va thu c 19,86 gam kt ta trng. a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp ban u. Cu 23. Cho natri tc dng hon ton vi 18,8 gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip trong dy ng ng sinh ra 5,6 lt kh H2 (ktc). a. Xc nh CTPT ca hai ancol trn. b. Tnh khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp ban u.
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Cu 24. Chia hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thnh hai phn bng nhau. t chy ht phn (1) thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 g nc. Phn (2) tc dng ht vi natri th thy thot ra V lt kh (ktc). Xc nh V. Cu 25. t chy ht hn hp gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 g nc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai ancol. Cu26. Cho 0,1 mol ru X phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2(ktc). S nhm chc -OH ca ru X l bao nhiu? Cu 27. Chia m gam hn hp hai ancol thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: t chy hon ton, thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Phn 2: ehirat ha hon ton thu c hn hp 2 anken. Nu t chy ht 2 anken th thu c bao nhiu gam nc? Cu 28. Oxi ho 4,96 gam X l mt ancol (ru) n chc bc 1 (h=100%), ri ly anehit thu c cho tc dng ht vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, thu c 66,96 gam Ag. Xc nh cng thc ca X . Cu 29. Oxi ho hn hp X gm C2H6O v C4H10O thu c hn hp Y gm 2 anehit. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 (d) thu c m gam Ag. Cng lng X nh trn, nu cho tc dng vi Na d th thu c 1,12 lt kh H2(ktc). Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 30. t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Nu cho lng X trn tch nc to ete (h=100%). Tnh s gam ete thu c. Cu 31. un nng 12,90 gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, bc 1, l ng ng k tip trong H 2SO4 c 140oC thu c 10,65 gam hn hp Y gm 3 ete (h = 100%). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ancol. Cu 32. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol n chc A v B thuc cng mt dy ng ng, ngi ta thu c 70,4 gam CO2 v 39,6 gam H2O. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 33. Chia 27,6 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng ht vi Na, thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn 2 tch nc thu c m gam hn hp 6 ete (h=100%). Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 34 (B-2010). t chay hoan toan mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, hai chc, mach h) cn va u V lit khi O2, thu c 11,2 lit khi CO2 v 12,6 gam H2O (cac th tich khi o ktc). Tnh Gia tri cua V.

B. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

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Cu 1 (B-2010). t chay hoan toan mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mach h, co cung s nhom -OH) cn va u V lit khi O2, thu c 11,2 lit khi CO2 va 12,6 gam H2O (cac th tich khi o ktc). Tnh gia tri cua V. Cu 2 (C-08). t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) a chc, mch h X, thu c H2O v CO2 vi t l s mol tng ng l 3:2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 3 (B-2007). X l ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Xc nh cng thc ca X. Cu 4 (B-2010). t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng), thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H2SO4 c th thu c x gam hn hp cc ete. Tnh gi tr ca x. Cu 5 (B-08). un nng mt ru (ancol) n chc X vi dung dch H2SO4 c trong iu kin nhit thch hp sinh ra cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 6 (A-2010). Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ancol. Cu 7 (CA-08). Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. Cu 8 (B-07). Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi so vi hiro l 15,5. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 9. t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Nu cho lng X trn tch nc to ete (h=100%) th s gam ete thu c l bao nhiu? Cu 10. Cho 15,6 gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Nu cho 15,6 gam X tch nc to ete (h = 100%) th s gam ete thu c l bao nhiu? Cu 11 (A-2010). t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 12 (C-2010). Cho 10 ml dung dch ancol etylic 460 phn ng ht vi kim li Na (d), thu c V lt kh H 2 (ktc). Bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml. Tnh gi tr ca V.

CHUYN IV: ANDEHIT - XETON - AXIT CACBOXYLIC

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A. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit CTCT ca cc andehit c CTPT l C4H8O v gi tn chng theo tn thay th. Cu 2. Gi tn cc andehit sau theo danh php thng: HCHO, CH3CHO, CH3CH2CHO, CH2=CHCHO. Cu 3. Gi tn cc andehit sau theo danh php thay th: HCHO, CH3CHO, CH3CH2CHO, CH3CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO, CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CHO. Cu 4. Vit CTCT cc andehit c tn gi sau: a. Andehit acrylic, andehit propionic, andehit axetic, 2-metylbutanal. b. 2,2-imetylbutanal, andehit fomic, 3,4-imetylpentanal, andehit oxalic. Cu 5. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: a. CH3CHO + AgNO3 + NH3 b. RCHO + AgNO3 + NH3 Ni, t0 c. CH3CHO + H2 d. RCHO e. CHCH + + H2 H2O
Ni, t Hg
2+ 0

xt f. CH2=CH2 + O2 Cu 5. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng: Ancol etylic, ancol iso-propylic, ancol n-propylic, andehit axetic, andehit fomic. Cu 6. Vit CTCT, gi tn cc axit (theo danh php thay th) c CTPT C4H8O2. Cu 7. Gi tn cc axit sau theo danh php thng: HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH2=CHCOOH, CH2=C(CH3) COOH, HOOC-COOH. Cu 8. Vit CTCT cc andehit c tn gi sau: a. Axit acrylic, axit propionic, axit axetic, axit -2-metylbutanoic. b. Axit - 2,2-imetylbutanoic, axit fomic, axit - 3,4-imetylpentanoic, axit oxalic. Cu 9. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: a. CH3COOH + Na b. HCOOH + KOH

c. CH3COOH d. RCOOH

+ +

C2H5OH ROH

H3SO4 (c), t C
0

H3SO4 (c), t C men gim e. C2H5OH + O2 Cu 10. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng: Etyl axetat, axit axetic, axit fomic. Cu 11. Hon thnh chui phn ng sau: (1) (2) (3) (4) a. Metan metyl clorua metanol metanal axit fomic. (1) (2) (3) b. Etanol andehit axetic axit axetic etyl axetat. (1) (2) c. Propen propan-2-ol axeton. (1) (2) (3) d. Etilen andehit axetic axit axetic etyl axetat. Cu 12. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc: a. Andehit axetic, axit axetic, glixerol v etanol. b. Axit fomic, andehit axetic, axit axetic, ancol etylic c. Propan-1-ol, propan-1,2-iol, andehit axetic, axit axetic. Cu 13. T metan v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c axit fomic v axit axetic. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.

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Cu 14. Trung ha 16,6 gam hn hp axit axetic v axit fomic bng dung dch natri hiroxit thu c 23,2 gam hn hp hai mui. Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng mi axit trong hn hp u. Cu 15 (CA-09). Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Xc nh CTPT ca anehit trong X. Cu 16. Cho 0,94 g hn hp hai anehit n chc, no, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 3,24 gam Ag. a. Xc nh CTPT ca hai anehit. b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi andehit trong hn hp u. Cu 17. t chy hon ton 4,4 gam mt andehit X thu c 4,48 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Xc nh CTPT ca X. Cu 18. Cho hn hp X gm 2 anehit ng ng k tip tc dng ht vi H2 (Ni, t0), thu c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton Y thu c 6,6 gam CO2 v 4,5 gam H2O.

a.

Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit trong X.

b. Tnh khi lng ca mi andehit trong hn hp X. Cu 19. Trung ha hon ton 10,6 gam hn hp X gm axit axetic v axit fomic cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. a. Tnh khi lng mi axit trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh khi lng mui thu c. Cu 20. trung ho 8,8 gam mt axit cacboxylic mch khng nhnh thuc dy ng ng ca axit fomic cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Xc nh cng thc cu to v tn gi ca axit . Cu 21. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mi axit. b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi axit trong hn hp u. Cu 22 (CA-08). un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Tnh khi lng este to thnh. Cu 23. Hn hp A gm X, Y l 2 axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho 10,6 gam hn hp A tc dng ht vi Na thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v Y. b. Tnh khi lng mi axit trong hn hp A. Cu 24. t chy hon ton 6 gam mt axit X thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 25. t chy hon ton 0,88 gam 2 axit l ng phn ca nhau thu c 1,76 gam CO2 v 0,72 gam H2O. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 axit. b. Vit CTCT ca 2 axit . Cu 26. t chy hon ton 8,8 gam mt axit no, n chc X cn 11,2 lt kh O 2 (ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca axit. Cu 27. Cho 90 gam axit axetic tc dng vi 69 gam ru etylic (H2SO4 xc tc). Khi phn ng t ti cn bng th 66% lng axit chuyn thnh ete, khi lng este sinh ra l bao nhiu gam? Cu 28. Trung ha hon ton 3 gam mt axit cacboxilic no n chc X cn dng va 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tn gi ca X l g? Cu 29. Cho 1,74gam mt anehit no, n chc phn ng hon ton vi AgNO3/NH3 sinh ra 6,48 gam bc kim loi. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anehit. Cu 30. Cho 0,92 gam hn hp gm axetilen v anehit axetic phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 5,64gam hn hp rn. Xc nh thnh phn % cc cht trong hn hp u.
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Cu 31. Cho 10,9 g hn hp gm axit acrylic v axit propionic phn ng hon ton vi Na thot ra 1,68 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tham gia phn ng cng H2 hon ton th khi lng sn phm cui cng l bao nhiu? Cu 32. Hn hp X c khi lng 10g gm axit axetic v anehit axetic. Cho X tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3 trong amoniac thy c 21,6g Ag kt ta. trung ha X cn Vml dd NaOH 0,2M. Gi tr ca V bng bao nhiu?

B. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

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Cu 1 (C-08). Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l bao nhiu? Cu 2 (A-08). Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Xc nh cng thc ca X. Cu 3 (B-07). Khi oxi ho 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Xc nh cng thc ca anehit. Cu 4 (B-08). Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 5 (C-2010). Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H2SO4 c), un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng este ho. Cu 6 (C-08). un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Tnh khi lng este to thnh. Cu 7 (A-2010). Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Tnh gi tr ca m. Cu 8 (C-09). Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Xc nh cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp M. Cu 9 (A-08). Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Xc nh cng thc ca X. Cu 10 (A-08). Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c m gam hn hp cht rn khan. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 11 (B-07). trung ho 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Xc nh cng thc ca Y.

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