Computer Awareness Booklet

1 - Computer Types
What is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program. A computer has four functions: a. accepts data b. processes data c. produces output d. stores results Input Processing Output Storage
The Information Processing Cycle In the lessons that follow we will study the parts of the computer and each of the four parts of the Information Processing Cycle.
Some Beginning Terms Hardware Software Data the physical parts of the computer. the programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do individual facts like first name, price, quantity ordered
Information data which has been massaged into a useful form, like a complete mailing address Default the original settings; what will happen if you don't change anything.
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What makes a computer powerful? (i) Speed : A computer can do billions of actions per second.
(ii) Reliability : Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another. (Blush for us all!)
(iii) Storage
A computer can keep huge amounts of data.
1.2. Descriptions There is a computer for every use under heaven, or so it seems. Let's look at the kinds of computers that there are, based on general performance levels. Personal or micro Computers for personal use come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny PDAs (personal digital assistant) to hefty PC (personal computer) towers. More specialized models are announced each week - trip planners, expense account pads, language translators...
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HAND HELD TOWER
PDA
TABLET PC
LAPTOP
DESKTOP
Descriptions of Personal Computers When talking about PC computers, most people probably think of the desktop type, which are designed to sit on your desk. (Bet you figured that one out!) The tower and the smaller mini-tower style cases have become popular as people started needing more room for extra drives inside. Repairmen certainly appreciate the roominess inside for all the cables and circuit boards ... and their knuckles. A workstation is part of a computer network and generally would be expected to have more than a regular desktop PC of most everything, like memory, storage space, and speed The market for the smallest PCs is expanding rapidly. Software is becoming available for the small types of PC like the palmtop (PPC) and handheld (HPC). This new software is based on new operating systems like Windows CE (for Consumer Electronics). You may find simplified versions of the major applications you use. One big advantage for the newer programs is the ability to link the small computers to your home or work computer and coordinate the data. So you can carry a tiny computer like a PalmPilot around to enter new phone numbers and appointments and those great ideas you just had. Then later you can move this information to your main computer. With a Tablet PC you use an electronic stylus to write on the screen, just like with a pen and paper, only your words are in digital ink. The Tablet PC saves your work just like you wrote it (as a picture), or you can let the Hand Recognition (HR) software turn your chicken-scratches into regular text. Main Frame The main frame is the workhorse of the business world. A main frame is the heart of a network of computers or terminals which allows hundreds of people to work at the same time on the same data. It requires a special environment - cold and dry.
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Supercomputers The supercomputer is the top of the heap in power and expense. These are used for jobs that take massive amounts of calculating, like weather forecasting, engineering design and testing, serious decryption, economic forecasting, etc.
Distributed or Grid Computing The power needed for some calculations is more than even a single supercomputer can manage. In distributed computing, using a PC grid, many computers of all sizes can work on parts of the problem and their results are pooled. A number of current projects rely on volunteers with computers connected to the Internet. The computers do the work when they are not busy otherwise. The projects that need distributed computing are highly technical Other Important Terms Server The term server actually refers to a computer's function rather than to a specific kind of computer. A server runs a network of computers. It handles the sharing of equipment like printers and the communication between computers on the network. For such tasks a computer would need to be somewhat more capable than a desktop computer. It would need: more power larger memory larger storage capacity high speed communications
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Minicomputer The minicomputer has become less important since the PC has gotten so powerful on its own. In fact, the ordinary new PC is much more powerful than minicomputers used to be. Originally this size was developed to handle specific tasks, like engineering and CAD calculations, which tended to tie up the main frame. What are the different types of computers? There are a lot of terms used to describe computers. Most of these words imply the size, expected use or capability of the computer. While the term computer can apply to virtually any device that has a microprocessor in it, most people think of a computer as a device that receives input from the user through a mouse or keyboard, processes it in some fashion and displays the result on a screen.
PC - The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person. While a Mac is a PC, most people relate the term with systems that run the Windows operating system. PCs were first known as microcomputers because they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the huge systems in use by most businesses. Desktop - A PC that is not designed for portability. The expectation with desktop systems are that you will set the computer up in a permanent location. Most desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren. Laptop - Also called notebooks, laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than an average hardcover book. Palmtop - More commonly known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), palmtops are tightly integrated computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for storage. These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely on touch screen technology for user input. Palmtops are typically smaller than a paperback novel, very lightweight with a reasonable battery life. A slightly larger and heavier version of the palmtop is the handheld computer. Workstation - A desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development. Server - A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives.
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Mainframe - In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor! As the size of computers has diminished while the power has increased, the term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server. You'll still hear the term used, particularly in large companies to describe the huge machines processing millions of transactions every day. Minicomputer - Another term rarely used anymore, minicomputers fall in between microcomputers (PCs) and mainframes (enterprise servers). Minicomputers are normally referred to as mid-range servers now. Supercomputer - This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are comprised of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system. The best known supercomputers are built by Cray Supercomputers. Wearable - The latest trend in computing is wearable computers. Essentially, common computer applications (e-mail, database, multimedia, calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors and even clothing! BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERS Abacus : Regarded as first digital computer. It was invented by Greeks about 5000 years ago. 1820 : Scientist Charles Thomas developed calculator. 1830 : Charles Babbage, a British Scientist designed a difference engine meant for addition and subtraction. Later, he developed an analytical engine which could do multiplication and division. This is a crude prototype of present day computer. Charles Babbage is considered as the father of modern computer. Computer Generations: Based on the technology of the age to which they belonged, computers can be divided into five generations. First Generation Computer: These were based on vacuum tube technology. In 1946, worlds first electronic computer ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was introduced. This was followed by EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) in 1950 and UNIVAC (Universal Accounting Computer) in 1951.
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First Generation Computers had following limitations: Low operating speed Restricted computing capacity High power consumption Short life span Large space requirement Second Generation Computer: In 1950-51 vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. This decreased the computer size and increased its efficiency. Third Generation Computers: It was introduced during early 60s. The basic character of 3rd generation computer was the introduction of Integrated Circuit(IC). This helped in making the computer mich more compact and increased the efficiency greatly. Storage capacity was also increased. Using various terminals, more than one person was able to work simultaneously. IBM360 and IBM370 belonged to third generation computers. Fourth Generation Computers: They emerged during end of 1970. Silicon chips were introduced as micro processors . Size got reduced and it could be kept on tabletop. Size and price were brought down remarkably. This increased popularity and accessibility of computers. Apple series one and two, Intel etc belong to this generation. Fifth Generation Computer: The computers being developed presently belong to this generation. The most significant aspect is the artificial intelligence. Very Large Scale Integrated circuit (VLSI) is used. These computers will have the ability to recognize voice, read written matter and think. A Chronology of Computer History: 3000 BC: Dust abacus is invented, probably in Babylonia. 200 AD: Saun-pan computing tray is used in China; soroban computing tray used in Japan. 1642: Blaise Pascal builds the first numerical calculating machine in Paris. 1833: Charles Babbage designs the Analytical Machine that follows instructions from punched-cards. It is the first general purpose computer. 1855: George and Edvard Scheutz of Stockholm build the first practical mechanical computer based on Babbages work. 1937: George Stibitz builds the first binary calculator at Bell Telephone Laboratories.
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1939: John J. Atanasoff designs a prototype for the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) with the help of graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa State College. In 1973 a judge ruled it the first automatic digital computer. 1940: At Bell Labs, George Stibitz demonstrates the Complex Number Calculator, which may be the first digital computer. 1944: Mark I (IBM ASCC) is completed, based on the work of Professor Howard H. Aiken at Harvard and IBM. It is a relay-based computer. 1946: Binac (Binary Automatic Computer), the first computer to operate in real time, is started by Eckert and Mauchly; it is completed in 1949. 1951: Whirlwind computer becomes operational at MIT. It was the first realtime computer and was designed by Jay Forrester and Ken Olsen. 1952: IBM introduces the 701, its first electronic stored-program computer. 1959: IBM ships its first transistorized or second generation, computers, the 1620 and 1790. 1965: IBM ships the first System 360, its first integrated circuit-based, or third generation, computer. 1971: IBM introduces the 370/135 and 370/195 mainframe computers. 1975: Cray-1 supercomputer is introduced. 1976: Super-mini computers are introduced by Perkin-Elmer and Gould SEL. 1982: Time Magazine names the computer its Man of the Year. 1990: Microsoft introduces Windows 3.0. 1991: Microsoft rolls out DOS 5.0 with great success. 1992: Microsoft introduces Windows 3.1 and ships nearly 10M units. 1994: Intel introduces the 486DX4 clock-tripling microprocessor
NUMBER SYSTEM IN COMPUTER
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Decimal is easier for humans to handle mainly because we usually have ten fingers and we're just used to thinking that way. Binary is the only thing that computers use. Characters are stored in the computer in a coded format using the binary number system. A computer is primarily made up of electrical and electronic components. These components are either in ON or OFF position always. The binary format 0,1 is best equipped to denote these signals. It is therefore ideal to store every form of data in the binary number mode using 0, 1. For Example, In decimal, 7382 means: 7 times 1,000 plus 3 times 100 plus 8 times 10 plus 2 times 1 It's the same in binary, octal, or hexadecimal. The only thing that changes is the base. Binary - base 2 Octal - base 8 Decimal - base 10 Hexadecimal - base 16
For example, in binary, the same number (expressed as 1110011010110 in binary) is: 1 times 1,000,000,000,000 (decimal 4,096) plus 1 times 100,000,000,000 (decimal 2,048) plus 1 times 10,000,000,000 (decimal 1,024) plus 0 times 1,000,000,000 (decimal 512) plus 0 times 100,000,000 (decimal 256) plus 1 times 10,000,000 (decimal 128) plus 1 times 1,000,000 (decimal 64) plus 0 times 100,000 (decimal 32) plus 1 times 10,000 (decimal 16) plus 0 times 1,000 (decimal 8) plus 1 times 100 (decimal 4) plus 1 times 10 (decimal 2) plus 0 times 1 (decimal 1) Decimal is easier for humans to handle mainly because we usually have ten fingers and we're just used to thinking that way.
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DATA STRUCTURE In programming, the term data structure refers to a scheme for organizing related pieces of information. The basic types of data structures include: files lists arrays records trees tables Each of these basic structures has many variations and allows different operations to be performed on the data. A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many different types of files: data files, text files , program files, directory files, and so on. Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text. A data structure is a way of storing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to certain tasks. When organisations began to computerise their records computer scientists developed theories about how to redesign the data that used to be kept in paper files so that it could be managed efficiently on computer. A simple database is organised in the same way that data is generally organised on paper. Field: Each line to be filled in is called a field. Eg. Name is a field, address is a field, city is a field, phone number is a field. Record: All the data that would appear on one form is a record. In the above example, the name, address, city, phone number of one person is one record. File : A collection of similar records that are used together is called a file. A database is a collection of related data pertaining to a certain topic or business application. A Database Management System (DBMS) is the set of data and programs neded to manipulate it. A table is an arrangement of data in a row and column format. A record is a set of information stored about a particular entity. A field is a column in a table that contains particular information about a record.
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A primary key is a field which uniquely identifies every record in a table. Eg. A database of library books: Book No 101 102 103 Title Diamonds My Family The Great Mystery Author Goldman Mary Spook Dale Price 50 80 80
In the above database , data is stored in rows and columns which is called a table. A table stores data in row and column format. Every table in a database focuses on one subject eg books. Each row contains all the information about a book such as the title and author. These rows of information are called records. Thus the table contains one record for the book My family and another for The great mystery. Fields are the columns of information. For e.g. the column Price is a field that stores the price of books. Thus fields store a particular category of information. Every specific piece of information in a table is known as a value. Thus Mary is a value in the Author field and 80 is a value in the Price field. A value is located at the intersection of a field and row. The total number of values in a table in the number of rows multiplied by number of fields. DIFFERENT OPERATING SYSTEMS Between the hardware and the application software lies the operating system. The operating system is a program that conducts the communication between the various pieces of hardware like the video card, sound card, printer, the motherboard and the applications. The operating system is the link between hardware and software. The operating system manages files and runs programs. Hardware This is the actual machine and comprises of keyboard, monitor and system unit. Hardware refers to the items we can see and touch. Software It refers to programs that are run on the hardware. The words program, application and software are used interchangeably. E.g. For typing letters we use a word processor. We cannot accomplish anything without an operating system. Without it , the computer and programs are useless.
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Originally the operating system was created by each company that manufactured a processor and motherboard. So each operating system was proprietary, that is, unique to each manufacturer. Changing to a new computer meant your software had to be replaced! This required more standardization in operating systems. MS-DOS, Microsoft's Disk Operating System, and its twin at IBM, PC-DOS, also written by Microsoft were the operating systems which were widely used. Windows 95 and Windows 98 are actual operating systems on their own. The previous versions of Windows use DOS as the operating system and adding a graphical user interface which will do multitasking. Windows Me (Windows Millennium Edition) is an upgrade of Windows 98, release date Sept. 14, 2000. The system resources required for this operating system are significantly higher than previous versions of Windows. Windows NT (the NT apparently came from New Technology) is an operating system for client-server type networks. The latest version of NT has a user interface that is practically identical to Windows 95. Since Windows NT is designed for the higher demands of networks, it has higher demands itself for disk space and memory.
Windows 2000 is an upgrade of Windows NT rather than of Windows 98.
Windows XP is an upgrade to Windows 2000. It comes in two versions Home and Professional. The Professional version contains all the features of the Home version plus more business features, like networking and security features. Windows CE is for small devices like palmtop and handheld computers. You can link your small computer to a regular one to synchronize documents and data. The Apple Macintosh is a multitasking operating system that was the first graphical interface to achieve commercial success. The Mac was an immediate success in the areas of graphics production, and still commands the lion's share of that market. Mac OS X, Version 10.2 (Jaguar) is the current version. Since January 2002, all new Mac computers use Mac OS X. IBM's 32-bit operating system is OS/2. This is a popular system for businesses with complex computer systems from IBM. It is powerful and has a nice graphical interface. Programs written for DOS and Windows can also run on this system. This system has never really caught on for PCs.
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UNIX is an operating system developed by Bell Labs to handle complex scientific applications. University networks are likely to use UNIX, as are Internet Service Providers. A lot of people have experience with UNIX from their college work. Many computer old-timers love UNIX and its command line interface. But all those commands are not easy to remember for newcomers. X-Windows is a graphical interface for UNIX that some think is even easier to work with than Windows 98. Linux is an operating system similar to UNIX that is becoming more and more popular. DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COMPUTER Definition of computer A Computer is an electronic data processing machine which receives, stores, processes and retrieves any amount of data and gives accurate result. Mainframe computers: Huge, general purpose computers used in many large corporations , universities, hospitals to carry out sophisticated scientific and business calculations. Mini computers: Smaller, less expensive machines developed in late 1960s. Micro computers: Still smaller and less expensive computers using Integrated Circuit technology developed in 1970s.Micro computers are referred to as Personal Computers (PC) because they are intended to be used by only one person at a time.
PARTS OF A COMPUTER: Basic Components System unit Monitor Keyboard Floppy Disk Drive Hard Disk Drive Compact Disk (CD) Drive Mouse Optional - Printer Scanner HOW COMPUTERS WORK: Computers process information using the instructions from the user to produce the desired results. INPUT & OUTPUT UNIT
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The instructions that we feed in the computer is the basic input. This input can be fed through a keyboard or a mouse or a scanner etc. These instructions are then sent to the processor known as the Central Processing Unit. After the task has been performed the result is sent to the output device i.e. Printer, screen etc. INPUT DEVICES KEYBOARD : Keyboard is an input device and the main means of issuing directions to PC. A computer keyboard is quite similar to that of a typewriter. But it has some additional keys as below Arrows and other movement keys( Home. Pgup.Pgdn) Function keys (F1 F12) Text editing keys (Backspace, Del,Ins) Modifier Keys(Shift, Ctrl,Alt) Enter Key Other special keys (Print Scrn, Scroll lock, Pause) Typewriter keys : These are normal keys of the keyboard which include numbers, letters and punctuation symbols. Function keys: These are keys labeled F1 to F12. Cursor control keys: These keysare the left, right, up and down arrow keys. There are 4 other cursor control keys Pgup,Pgdn, Home and End. Home key takes the cursor to beginning of document and End key to the end of document. MOUSE: A mouse is a hand-held pointing device that allows us to control our computer without having to type in instructions at the keyboard.Mouse is very useful and easy to choose specific options from the menu.The mouse cursor is generally an arrow mark which moves on the screen in correspondence with the movement of the mouse over a flat surface. Mouse functions as followsMoving the mouse moves the arrow in any direction on the screen One click on the left button activates certain functions on the screen such as pulling down menus, highliting commands etc. Two quick clicks will open and close windows and menus. SCANNER: Scanner is a device that can transfer an image of a photograph or written information to the computer. It acts like a photocopy machine but copies into computer instead of on another sheet of paper. Scanners can scan typed or handwritten text, graphs, diagrams and photographs. OUTPUT DEVICES PRINTER:
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Printer is a device that produces written images on the paper. Printed copy is called hard copy or print out. Commonly used printers are Dot matrix printer, Line printer, Inkjet printer and Laser printer. Dot-Matrix Printer: It prints character by character. Dot matrix printer is cheaper but is slower. Also the print quality of the dot matrix printer is not very fine. Normally they can print at a speed of 360 characters per second. Line Printer: Line printers print at the rate of lines per second. They can print very fast and are useful where large volumes of data are to be printed.One major drawback of line printer is that they do not support graphics. Ink Jet Printer: They use a technology similar to dot-matrix printers. Instead of pins in the print-head, there are several microscopic holes and ink is forced out of tiny holes on to the paper to form characters. Their print quality is closer to that of laser printer. Laser Printer: Laser printer looks like a photocopier machine. It uses laser beam to create image on the paper. They produce finest quality of print out and can print from 4 to 12 pages per minute. MONITOR: A PCs monitor works like a television, displaying text characters and pictures in colours or in grey. The image we see on the screen is made up of tiny dots called pixels. Whatever is typed gets displayed on the screen. Also, whenever a program is executed, the information is displayed on the monitor. A cursor is a small line that blinks rapidly indicating your current position on the screen.
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT: The brain behind everything that takes place in the computer is contained within the System Unit. Inside the System Unit Mother Board: Mother board contains a number of chips and other electronic components. This is also called the system board. The main components of mother board are : 1. Microprocessor and 2. Clock. Microprocessor : The microprocessor is the most important processing element. It can take data, perform all arithmetic operations, logical operations and relational operations. It controls the overall activities of the Input and Output devices. It quickly responds to requests from the peripheral devices.
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It stores the current work in memory and retrieves the saved work from memory. The capacity of microprocessor is measured in terms of number of bytes it can process and number of bytes it can send or receive. Clock: Clock provides timing in the form of pulses. Speed of clock is measured in terms of its clock frequency in Mega Hertz (MHz). Another unit for measuring speed of computer is Million Instruction per Second (MIPS). MEMORY: Memory of Personal Computer is made up of integrated chips. Computer memory is expressed in terms of bytes. A collection of 8 bits is known as byte. The size of memory is measured in Kilobytes (KB).Megabytes (MB) or Giga bytes(GB). Computer memory is of 2 types RAM and ROM. RAM:
Random Access Memory is the temporary memory area. It is used for holding programs and data before it is saved in the hard disk. Data within RAM can be read or modified. Hence it is called read/write memory. The contents of RAM are lost when computer is switched off. Hence RAM is said to be volatile.
ROM:
Read Only Memory (ROM) contains permanently recorded instructions that are important for starting up a computer. ROM-BIOS (Read only memory Basic input output services). It contains a set of instructions to control and supervise the operation of the computer. In ROM instructions can be read but cannot be changed. The instructions stored are not erased when power goes off. Hence ROM is said to be non-volatile.
PROM:
PROM is Programmable Read Only Memory. PROM can be programmed by the programmer only once. Information stored in this memory cannot be altered or erased.
EPROM: EPROM is Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. EPROM is quite flexible as the information stored in it can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet radiations and once again it can be reprogrammed.
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PRIMARY STORAGE AND SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES: Primary Storage or Primary Memory: Primary memory is non-volatile memory. Programs and data can be stored permanently there. All the programs stored permanently in this memory can be utilized whenever we want. Example for Primary Memory are ROM,PROM. Secondary Storage Devices: Secondary Storage Devices are also called External or Auxiliary Storage Devices. The storage capacity of secondary storage devices is large. Examples Hard disk, magnetic tape, floppy disk, compact disk etc.
HARD DISK: The hard disk is made of light metal and coated on both sides with magnetizable material. It is formatted into tracks and sectors. Data are recorded along these tracks. Usually a hard disk is divided into 8 sectors. Data are accessed directly by knowing the track number and sector number on which they are located.
FLOPPY DISK: This is a popular storage medium used in PCs. This is similar to hard disk in concept. There is a large hole or window in the floppy through which the head makes contact with the tracks to read or write on it. There is a small hole called index hole which helps to identify the beginning of tracks. The circular hole in the middle of the disk is the hole for drive access. The floppy disk when formatted is divided into tracks and sectors. The capacity of a disk varies from 360KB to more than 1MB.
REGISTERS: Besides primary memory, the CPU has other storage locations called the registers. The registers are accessible only by the control unit of the CPU and the user has no access to it. Information on the registers is temporary. It is automatically replaced with new information as per the requirement of the control unit.
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Registers are of 2 types- storage and operational. Storage registers are used only for storage. Operational registers can do simple arithmetic operations and the resulting values are stored in these registers. Accumulator is a very important register found in ALU(Arithmetic and Logic Unit).Arithmetic and logical operations can be carried out in this Register and the results of the operation can also be stored here till further action is initiated.
MEASURING STORAGE CAPACITY We can store information in the computer on the hard disk or floppy drive or CD in the form of files. The amount of information that can be stored on a disk is called the disk drive capacity. It is measured in terms of bytes. A byte is the amount of space required to store a character of information. For eg. If we write and store the word computer, it will occupy 8 bytes. SOFTWARE LANGUAGES The set of commands and instructions to make computer do things is called a program. Software is another name for program. Types of Programming languages: (i) Low Level Languages : Machine level language Assembly language High Level Languages : Problem oriented languages Special Purpose languages
(ii)
Machine Level Languages: To work at the level of machine one has to use binary as the basic language for putting the instructions into computers memory. Writing programs in machine level language is extremely cumbersome. Assembly Languages: This is slightly higher than machine level language. These languages employ mnemonics and macros. Problem oriented languages: These are of 2 types Business applications and Scientific applications. In business applications, the volume of data to be handled is very large. The type of calculations are relatively simpler. In scientific applications, the volume of data is quite less. But the type of calculations to be performed are very complex and large in number.
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Programs written in high level language have to be translated into machine level language before execution. The program written in assembly or high level language is called Source program. The source program must be converted into equivalent machine level program. This is called the Object program. An Interpreter is a program which converts the source program into machine language. It directly passes machine language instruction to the computer for execution before the next source program instruction is processed. A Compiler is a translator that converts high level language instructions into machine language on a one-to-many basis. It converts the entire source program into machine language and then passes it to the computer for execution. COMPUTER LANGUAGES: (1) FORTRAN : FORMULA TRANSLATION is the expanded version of the language Fortran. This is the first high level scientific language. It was developed by IBM in 1957. The latest form of this language is FORTRAN IV. This language finds its maximum use in engibeering and scientific calculations. (2) BASIC: (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) It is meant for beginners in the study of computers.It is programmed in a manner that is very simple and easy to understand. It consists of a set of statements. Each statement has a number on its left side. Calculations take place strictly in the numbering order. Numbering of statements is the significance of this language. (3) COBOL(Common Business Oriented Language): It is the most popular and widely used business language in data processing. Cobol has four divisions- they are (a) Identification (b) Environment (c) Data (d) Procedure. Cobol is simple to understand but very voluminous. (4) PASCAL : This language is named after mathematician Blaise Pascal. The most important feature of this language is that the given problem is solved logically before programming. Another feature is that the number of letters in a variable is not limited. This makes programming more comfortable and easier to manipulate. (5) C : This language was developed at the Bell laboratory , USA in 1972. Programming in C is comparatively easier. Both capital and small letters can be used. (6) JAVA : This is a modern programming language developed basically for the internet use. Java is being used in 3D pictures, multimedia, morphing,
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COMPUTER SECURITY Initiatives by Bank: Development of Information Security Policies and Procedures Formation of Information Security department Centralized Anti-Virus solution Intrusion Detection Systems, Firewalls Implementation of the policies and review across the bank Centralized anti-virus product/support team being finalized Automated real time scan of all files Automated virus signature update One central Internet gateway for all offices on SBI-Connect No separate Internet connection at SBI-Connect offices Firewall, Anti-virus and URL filtering protection at the gateway User-id/password Initiative by users: Screen savers are for more than cute pictures Taking a break Log off before you leave Done for the day ..Shut down and power off Modems- when I connect to Internet, the world connects to me Installing software- license, Trojans, worms, viruses, system degradation the risks are numerous Do not change anti-virus settings Do not disrupt scheduled virus scan Report if any virus is detected & not cleaned Dont download free utilities - Free things can be dangerous things Program files, screensavers, music, games, PC utilities, office utilities Documents (.doc ,.pdf) can be downloaded Be sure about websites you are transacting with Look for the lock symbol on web pages seeking critical information like username/password, credit card number Preferable to type the address on the browser Ensure that all downloads are scanned for virus before opening Do not give banks information on Internet based access control Internet application - Donot enable option for Remember my password Keep media (floppy, CD, tapes) containing sensitive information under lock/key Use only official email id for business purposes Do not reveal internal information on public mailing list Do not use official id for enlisting or posting Exercise caution with email attachments
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Attachments can contain viruses Never open attachments from unknown person Even if person is known, do not open
Information Confidentiality & Password Security: Weak passwords

o o o
Your logon id or its variations Words in dictionary Birth dates, name of spouse
Strong Passwords 8 characters Has numbers (1,2..), capital letters (A,B..) and special characters (!,@..) Make simple words complex H1m@l@y@ First letter of sentence J&Jwuth Change your password Frequently - at least every 90 days Immediately if you suspect somebody knows it Keep your password secret Write it in a short form not easily understood Do not keep it openly visible If you cant avoid sharing, change immediately Do not type your password When someone else can see you and dont look when someone else is typing To enable someone else to do your job I am accountable for all actions carried out using my user-id/password Do not discuss sensitive information with others Do not give out sensitive information over email/telephone Unless you are authorized to do so as part of customer facilitation Do not leave sensitive documents on your desk/printer/fax/ public places Physical Security:. Keep server room locked Entry allowed only for authorized personnel Third parties should be accompanied by bank staff in the server room
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Backups are a way of securing information; they are another copy of all the important computer files kept in another location. These files are kept on hard disks, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, and tapes. Suggested locations for backups are a fireproof, waterproof, and heat proof safe, or in a separate, offsite location than that in which the original files are contained. Some individuals and companies also keep their backups in safe deposit boxes inside bank vaults. There is also a fourth option, which involves using one of the file hosting services that backs up files over the Internet for both business and individuals. Backups are also important for reasons other than security. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or tornadoes, may strike the building where the computer is located. The building can be on fire, or an explosion may occur. There needs to be a recent backup at an alternate secure location, in case of such kind of disaster. The backup needs to be moved between the geographic sites in a secure manner, so as to prevent it from being stolen. Anti-virus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware). Firewalls are systems which help protect computers and computer networks from attack and subsequent intrusion by restricting the network traffic which can pass through them, based on a set of system administrator defined rules. Access authorization restricts access to a computer to group of users through the use of authentication systems. These systems can protect either the whole computer - such as through an interactive logon screen - or individual services, such as an FTP server. There are many methods for identifying and authenticating users, such as passwords, identification cards, and, more recently, smart cards and biometric systems. Encryption is used to protect the message from the eyes of others. It can be done in several ways by switching the characters around, replacing characters with others, and even removing characters from the message. These have to be used in combination to make the encryption secure enough, that is to say, sufficiently difficult to crack. Public key encryption is a refined and practical way of doing encryption. It allows for example anyone to write a message for a list of recipients, and only those recipients will be able to read that message. Intrusion-detection systems can scan a network for people that are on the network but who should not be there or are doing things that they should not be doing, for example trying a lot of passwords to gain access to the network.
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Social engineering awareness - Keeping employees aware of the dangers of social engineering and/or having a policy in place to prevent social engineering can reduce successful breaches of the network and servers.
Strong information security, will help our bank to use technologies effectively. It will also help in maintaining our image, as the most reliable and trust worthy bank in India. DESKTOP & INTRODUCTION TO MS WINDOWS Windows is an operating system that acts as a base for applications like Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel etc. to run on. When the booting process is over, the first screen that is displayed is called the Desktop. The desktop of Windows contains small pictures which represent the different programs that are installed in the PC. These pictures are called icons. Following are the icons we usually notice on the desktop. My Computer : This displays the contents of the computer ie. The files on the C: drive or A: drive. My Documents : This displays a place where we can store our work and retrieve it later on. Recycle Bin : This is similar to a dust bin and contains items that are deleted from the computer. Briefcase : This is a place where we can store multiple versions of our work that is available in the computer. The programs represented by these icons can be directly opened by doubleclicking the icons. Besides icons, the desktop contains the following: Start Button : The start button can be clicked to open the Start menu which gives access to all the programs on the computer. Task Bar : This bar is situated at the extreme bottom of the desktop and displays the clock and the status of an application. For example, the bar shows a printer icon if we are printing or a CD icon if we are using a compact disk. While working in Windows, we have to make use of a computer mouse . It has 2 main functions. We can use it to move the cursor on the screen in all directions and also select the items displayed on the screen. A mouse has 2 buttons. Left button is used to select an icon. Right button is used to get pulldown menus and special applications. Double clicking of left mouse button is done to open an icon.
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Dragging is moving the mouse on the mouse-pad in any direction while keeping the left mouse button pressed. The dragging action is used to move icons, windows etc. Title Bar : The topmost portion of any window in Windows 98 is called the Title Bar. This bar displays the name of the window on the left hand side. For eg. Name of the local disk C: and My Computer on the left hand side. On the right hand side , the title bar displays 3 buttons minimize, maximize and close buttons. (a) the minimize button is used to reduce a window into a button (b) the maximize button is used to enlarge a window to fill the entire screen. (c) the close button is used to close a window. If any of the window is already maximized, then the title bar displays a button between the minimize and close buttons.This is called the Restore button. If you open many windows at a time, only the window which is opened last will be currently active. Menu Bar :Every window displays the Menu Bar just below the Title Bar. Menu Bar contains certain options such as File, Edit, View and Help. These options are used to perform specific operations. For example, File option is used for carrying out file-related operations, Edit option is used for editing purpose View option is used for changing the appearance of a window Help option provides help . The Edit menu bar option provides the facility to directly copy/move the folder or files and paste them at any desired location. Status Bar : The status bar of any window in Windows 98 displays infor,mation such as the total number of items present inside the window, the total memory space occupied by the items and the name of window (like My Computer). Let us get familiar with some common window-related terms. Title Bar : The top-most bar present in any window. Menu bar : The rectangular bar just below the Title bar with some commands. Menu Bar Options: The commands on the menu bar are called menu bar options such as File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Help. Pull-down Menu: When you click on any menu bar option, it generates a list of commands. This list is called a pull-down menu.
24
Standard toolbar: It consists of buttons for performing operations like printimg, saving a file, copy, cut, paste etc. Files and Folders in Windows: In windows, a Book is referred to as a folder and a paper sheet is referred to as a File. MS WORD Examples of word processing programs: Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, Lotus WordPro, and Open Office Writer. Word processing is the most used computer application! Word processing software allows our PC to be used like a sophisticated typewriter. We can type in a letter or report and then easily change words or move blocks of text around. Word processing programs will also count the number of words and even check spellings. It lets you change the typeface or style of text bold or italic text. It has replaced the typewriter as the main way words are put on paper. Documents can be revised and corrected before they are ever printed. An existing document can be used as a template, or pattern, for a new one. So the user doesn't have to recreate standard documents from scratch each time. This is a major time-saver and helps keep things consistent. Purpose: To produce documents
Main advantage: Can easily change what has been done
Steps to produce a document

Create Edit Format Print Save (often!!)
Let's look at the terms involved in these steps more closely. Most of these terms also apply to the other standard applications, so we will not redefine them for all. Create You create a document when you open a blank document and enter text.
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Features/Terms:
Word wrap Cursor Enter textScrolling Select -
automatically wrapping the text to the next line so it all fits within the screen's width symbol for where text will appear like type new text Moving document around within window Highlight text, usually by dragging. Commands and keystroke combinations will apply to the selected material. make changes Remove selection from document and store temporarily on the Clipboard, which is a section of computer memory. The Windows Clipboard can hold only one thing at a time. The Office Clipboard from Office XP can hold many items. duplicate selection onto Clipboard place contents of the Clipboard at cursor location reverses whatever change you just made Some programs will only "undo" the last change. Others keep a list and can undo more, depending on how many changes the program tracks add text at location without overwriting existing text remove text (not saved anywhere) look for specific word(s) or character(s) can replace specific word(s) or character(s) with stated text a document that serves as a pattern for a new document looks for synonyms for selected word looks for spelling errors
Edit Cut -
Copy Paste Undo -
Insert Delete Search Replace Template Thesaurus Spelling check -
Grammar check - looks for grammar/style errors (of limited help) Format Once a document has been created, or during the process, you arrange how it will look by selecting the kind of letters and their sizes and colors, how much space is left and where, how things line up. This is formatting the document. Word processing applications are used more often by more people every day than any other type of computer application. The basic skills used in word
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processing programs are also used in one way or another in most other kinds of software. Keystrokes and key combinations can move you quickly around your document. The + between two keys means to hold down the first while pressing the second. Key(s): HOME END CTRL + HOME CTRL + END left or right arrow up or down arrow To Move: beginning of line end of line beginning of document moves to end of document one character left/right one line up/down
CTRL + left or right arrow beginning of next word in direction of arrow CTRL + up or down arrow beginning of next paragraph in direction of arrow PAGE UP PAGE DOWN CTRL + PAGE UP CTRL + PAGE DOWN Word Standard Toolbar up one screen (scrolling) down one screen (scrolling) top of next page bottom of next page
(Illustration is from Word 2000) New Creates a new blank document using the default template. The File | New command on the menu gives you a choice of templates. Brings up the Open dialog box for you to choose a document to open. Recently opened files are listed at the bottom of the File menu. Using the menu may be faster for documents that you have opened recently. Saves the current document back where it came from. If the document has never been saved before, you will get a dialog box to choose a folder or filename.
Open
Save
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This can get you into trouble if you are editing an old document for a new purpose and don't want to lose the old one. You must use the menu command File | Save As to get the dialog box you need to save with a different filename. Otherwise you will overwrite the old document. Permission Word 2003 adds a button for managing permissions for this document. Allows you to email the document you are working on without having to open your email software separately. The addressing E-mail text boxes appear right in the Word window. The button toggles to show or hide these text boxes. Shows and hides the Search task pane at the right of Search the document. In this pane you can search your document or your computer or your web sites. Print Will automatically print the whole document without giving you a chance to preview or make changes to page settings. The tool tip for this button shows which printer will be used. Don't use this button unless you are very sure you are ready to print the whole document. Shows what your document will look like when it is You should always preview before you print. By printed. checking carefully before you actually print, you can avoid mistakes and save a lot of time and paper. Checks the spelling and the grammar of the selected text or of the whole document. Possible spelling errors are marked with a wavy red underscore. Wavy green underscores mark possible grammar errors. Word's dictionary doesn't know every word in the world. You can add words you want Word to know to the custom dictionary, in the file CUSTOM.DIC. This list of the words that you've added can be edited with a text editor like Notepad to remove words you added by mistake. Word 2003 adds a button that opens the Research task pane, where you can search reference books, like an encyclopedia and a thesaurus. Work the same as they did in the Windows lessons. Cut (scissors button) removes the selected text to the Clipboard. Copy (two pages button) places a copy of selected text on the Clipboard. Paste (clipboard and paper button) places a copy of what was
Print Preview
Spelling and Grammar
Research
Cut, Paste
Copy,
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on the Clipboard at the cursor location. Word 2002 can use the Microsoft Office Clipboard, which holds up to 24 items. Very nice! The Microsoft Office Clipboard only works with Microsoft Office programs. The Windows Clipboard is part of the operating system and is available to all programs, but only holds 1 item at a time. Your copied or cut material may not be stored on the Office Clipboard unless the Task Pane is open to the Clipboard. There is a setting in the Options at the bottom of Clipboard pane that will let the Office Clipboard collect your cuts and copies automatically without the Clipboard Task Pane being open. Copies the formatting of the selected text and then applies it to other text that you drag across. Double-click the button and you can apply the formatting many different places. Word keeps a list of your editing actions and a list of the ones you have reversed. The Undo button reverses the last action in the list. The Redo button reverses your last reversal. The arrows drop lists of actions. If you select an action on the list, all the actions to that point are undone (or redone). This can save a lot of clicking, if you can tell how far back you need to go. You can undo the actions one at a time by clicking on the button directly. The arrow on the button is gray when there are no actions in the list. The number of actions remembered depends on how much memory is available, with a maximum of 100. [In Word 95, when no actions are in the list, clicking on the button only plays the ding.wav sound, Win95's default sound.] Tables and Borders
Format Painter
Undo & Redo
Opens a toolbar for drawing and modifying tables. You can actually draw a table, if you need one with complex rows and columns. Using the Table button, described below, is easier for simple tables
[In Word 95 you can't apply Borders or Shading to just a few words, only to whole paragraphs. For color behind words or phrases, use Highlight in Word 95.]
29
Table
Inserts a table at the cursor location. You set the number of rows and columns by dragging on the grid that drops down. Once you have a table, the button changes to Insert Row, which will add a new row above the current row to the table. [In Word 95 the button does not change, does function this way.]
but Excel
it
Inserts an Excel spreadsheet. You select the number of rows and columns the same as for a table. You must have Excel installed for this to work, of course. Lets you divide the page into several vertical columns, like a newspaper. Drag across the number of columns you want.
Columns
Drawing
Opens a bar of drawing tools with which you can create graphics from within Word. These tools create vector drawings, which use shapes instead of individual dots. These lessons don't use the Drawing bar much.
[Word 95 has a similar Drawing bar with fewer features and no drop lists.] Opens a pane to the left of the document window with Document a hypertext outline of the document. When you click on an Map outline topic, the document scrolls to that point. You must apply heading paragraph styles to your text for this to work. The Document Map is shown by default for the Online Layout view, but it can be used with other views, too. Show Marks Toggles the display to show or not show marks for things like paragraph and page breaks, tabs, and spaces. Seeing these marks can be very helpful, especially when your document is not behaving as you intended. But marks also are distracting and make it hard to tell what the whole page really looks like.
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Zoom
Offers you choices for the display of your document. You can enlarge it to see details or to read small type. You can shrink it to see the whole page, or even two pages at a time. Most of your work will probably be done at 100%. Two other factors are important - monitor size (14", 15", 17", bigger?) and screen resolution (640 x 480, 800 x 600, 1024 x 768, larger?)
FORMATTING BAR One of the greatest advantages of computer word processing is the ability to change the format of your text and document at any time. The Formatting Bar contains buttons and drop lists for the things people change the most about the look of their text, like its color, size, and font. There are so many choices!
Formatting Bar- floating Word gives you some more help with styles and templates . It is much easier to keep the look of a long document or a set of documents the same if you use the same styles or template. You can also change the look easily by changing the underlying style or template.
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Style A style is a way to easily apply a whole set of characteristics at once to selected text or to a whole paragraph. The illustration shows the default styles available in a new blank document. Not very exciting, but it's a start! There are two kinds of style in the list. Look at the right side of each entry for the symbol. A character style is a particular combination of font, font size, font styles, and color that will be applied only to the selected characters. A paragraph style includes those settings plus settings for such things as indention, numbering, line spacing, and alignment. These settings are applied to the whole paragraph. Template A template contains a collection of styles and other characteristics for the document itself. Every document has an attached template of styles. The default template is named Normal.dot (from document t emplate) and contains the styles shown in the image of the styles drop list above. The template also contains any customization you have done to things like toolbars, menus, and shortcut keys. It can even contain text and graphics, like for a letterhead. So it is a pattern for your new document. You can modify Normal.dot if you want your new styles to be available for all of your new documents, or you can create your own templates for special purposes.
The Formatting Bar
STATUS BAR Word uses the Status bar to display a lot of information about your document. As you work in your document the information on the status bar changes to show where you are in the document. Other parts of the status bar tell you when certain features are turned on or off. You may also see an indicator when a process is going on, like printing or checking spelling. The Status Bar
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MS EXCEL Fast and accurate analysis of data is required to be made for making informed business decisions. Analysis of data involves Performing mathematical calculations like totaling, averaging etc Presenting the data in the form of graphs Relating data from more than one table and generate a consolidated data set.
Spreadsheets allow us to perform detailed analysis on numerical data. Spreadsheets also known as worksheets present data in the form of rows and columns. Data is entered in a cell, which represents the intersection of a row and a column. Formulas for performing calculations are also entered in the cell. Some of the popular spreadsheet packages are Lotus 123, Q-Pro and MS Excel. MS Excel is a window based spreadsheet. It includes all standard features of a spreadsheet package like automatic recalculation, graphs and functions. Excel can be used for a variety of functions. The package provides statistical, financial and scientific functions. Some of the most important features of excel are Windows based application- Excel has toolbars, shortcut menus, autocorrect, online help and wizard. This makes it easier to learn. Workbooks are containers that hold one or more worksheets. Keeping all sheets related to a project in one file reduces the need to maintain many files. Large data management capacity: A worksheet can contain 16,384 rows and 256 columns. A single cell can contain a maximum of 255 characters. One workbook can contain a maximum of 255 worksheets. A worksheet consists of following sections: Rows, columns and cells: The rows are numbered from top to bottom. The columns are labeled from left to right with letters. A cell is the intersection of a row and a column.For eg. A1 means column A, row1. Menus and Toolbars:Menus provide access to various tasks that we can perform such as opening and closing a worksheet. Toolbars are shortcuts for some commonly used menu items. Sheets: Excel is organized like a workbook with multiple pages labeled sheet1, sheet2 etc. By default only 6 sheets are displayed.
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Excel worksheets can contain values or formulas. The constant values that cells can contain are numbers, text, date and time and logical values such as true or false. Excel treats following characters as numbers: 1234567890-+/.Ee Entering Text: Text entries can include alphabetical characters, numbers and symbols.Sometimes we need to enter numbers which will not be used for calculation. For eg. To enter number 55890 as text, we can write =55890
Entering Date and time: We can change the date format from the following menu: Format menu- Select Cells option Select Number tab Select the Date option from the category list box. Entering Formulas: Cells in a worksheet can also contain formulas that relate two cells. When a formula is entered the cell displays the result of the formula. Formulas begin with a = sign. Without the = sign the entry is treated as text label. AutoComplete: We need to enter a value only once in a column. Subsequently, Auto complete feature matches the value that you are typing with all the values in that particular column and completes the entry. For eg. If you have entered Paris once, the next time you enter Pa and auto complete inserts the value Paris in the cell. Entering a Data Series : For eg. You have to write the month names starting from January to December. The steps to create a numeric data series is : 1. Enter the first two values of data in adjacent cells The first two data values determine the increment value and the starting number for the series. Select the 2 cells. Drag the fill handle to enclose the area you want filled with the data series.
2. 3.
We can also generate a series of dates or weekdays or month names. Navigating the Worksheet: We can use the cursor keys or mouse to move to any cell in a worksheet. Alternatively the following methods can be used.
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Click on the cell reference area on the left corner and enter the cell coordinates.. To move to cell AB1 enter AB1 in cell reference window. OR Press F5 to invoke Goto dialog box Saving a worksheet: Select save option from the File menu.or Click on the Save toolbar button Or Close the worksheet by clicking on the close button.
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GENERAL AWARENESS - (COMPUTERS - 1) 1. A PC differs from a mini computer because of _____ a)Size of the machine b)Power of processing c)Capability of taking peripheral devicesd)Multi programming feature 2. What is the expansion of IBM? b)International d)None of these Business
a)Install Borough Machines Machines c)Indian Business Management 3.
Which system is not used in computers? a) c) Hexadecimal Sexadecimal b) Binary Octal
d)
4.
Binary is a counting system using ........digits a) c) 2 6 b) 4 d) 8
5.
What is software? a) b) c) d) Machine parts made of soft material Covers you put on the computer parts for protection Step by step instructions given to computer None of these
6.
Floppy disks come in what sizes? a) c) 5.25" diameter only Both a & b b) d) 3.5" diameter only 5" & 3.5" diameters
7.
RAM stands for b) d) Random Readable Available Available
a)Readable Access Memory Memory c) Random Access Memory Memory 8. ROM stands for a) c) Random only memory Read only memory
b) d)
Readable only memory Random other memory
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9.
The efficiency of a computer in terms of speed depends on: size of the system unit b)type of the monitor type of the microprocessor d)number of keys available in the
a) c) keyboard 10.
A step-wise drawing we use to solve a problem is called a: a) c) computer programmer b) d) flowchart a and c
11.
Computer systems are ............machines. a) c) Analogous Digitised b) d) Digital None of the above
12. Mention the purpose for which Bankmaster software package is generally used? a) For word processing? presentations c) For creating spreadsheets. 13. Bankmaster software works in? b) d) DOS b) d) For For Accounting graphic
a) Windows environment only environment only c) Either (a) or (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
14. The network system that connects computers over a wide area is known as? a) (LAN) c) Office Area Network(OAN) d)PC Network (PPCN) Wide Area Network (WAN) b)Local Area Network
15. Electronic mail (E-mail- for electronic communication purposes) works with a: a) modem c) 16. Teleprinter computer b) d) computer with a
computer with fax
A byte is equal to how many bits a) c) 6 12 b) d) 8 16
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17.
1 kilobyte is equal to how many bytes? a) c) 1000 Bytes 100 Bits b) d) 1024 Bytes 1024 Bits
18.
DOS stands for.......... Data operating system Data Organisation system b) d) Disk operating system Disk Organisation
a) c) system 19.
RABMN means a) Remote Area Business Message Network b) Remote Access Bank with Multi National c) Reconnect All Bank Main Network d) None of the above Which of the following is usually a purpose of modem? a) b) c) d) Reduces errors caused by telephone lines Produces coded messages converts digital signals into analog signals & vice-versa increases speed of data transfer
20.
21.
Where is the Banks ATM Switch located ? a) c) Kolkatta New Delhi b) d) Chennai Belapur, Navi Mumbai
22.
SWIFT stands for : a) b) c) d) Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication Society for Worldweb International Financial Transactions Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Transactions None of the above
23.
SBI DATANET has been introduced for : a) b) c) d) Transfer of daily mail to Controlling Office Efficient funds settlement & forex related operations To replace telex system None of the above
24.
Computer speed is measured in....... a) c) Bauds Bytes b) MIPS d) None of the above
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25.
The activity of inter-linking of different networks is known as ______? a) c) LAN Homepage b) d) Internet working None of the above 6. 12. 18. 24. c d b b
1. 7. 13. 19. 25.
KEY TO GENERAL AWARENESS COMPUTERS 1 d 2. b. 3. c 4. a 5. c c 8. c 9. c 10. b 11. b b 14. a 15. b 16. b 17. b a 20. c 21. d 22. a 23. b b
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GENERAL AWARENESS - (COMPUTERS - 2) 1. What is Booting? a) b) c) c) 2. A process which connects the keyboard to the PC A process which activates the printer A process of activating the PC so as to run the programs and access information All of the above
In a network environment, what is the central system, which supplies any required file called? a) c) Workstation Dumb station b) Terminal d) Server
3.
What is the communication package used for transmission of data from category A and B branches to FD, Calcutta a) c) SBI net ELENOR b) d) ERECON DATANET used for financial
4.
Where, is the Headquarters of telecommunication across the globe? a) c) Hongkong Brussels
SWIFT,
b) d)
London Geneva
5.
In a Computer how are dates stored? a) b) c) d) Number starting with 01/01/1980 Numbers starting with 01/01/1900 Characters None of the above
6.
MICR system was introduced since: a) b) c) d) Computers could not be effectively used in Banks There were innumerable frauds in banks and for avoidance of such increasing frauds To speed up the clearing operations to avoid delay in clearing None of the above
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7.
BANKMASTER is purchased from _________ for use in our Bank for full Branch computerisation a) c) KINDLE banking Corporation Ireland HCL multi-currency b) d) Microsoft IBM and can support
Bank Master is _____currencies a) c) 20 99
Software
b) d)
30 100
What is the name of the software recently purchased from China Systems, Hong Kong for trade finance business at the branches? a) c) Bank Master IBSNET b) d) CS-Exim Bills Novell Netware
10
The GENDA reports are to be checked by: a) c) System Administrator Branch Manager b) Accountant User Control Officer
d)
11
What do you understand by the term UCP b)Universal Computerisation University Commissioned
a)Universal Computerisation Project Programme c)Uniform Computer Programme d) Programme 12
The programme or instructions that makes the computer useful are called a) c) Hardware Output b) d) Software None of the above
13
The VSAT communication network for banks and financial institutions launched by RBI is known as a) c) SWIFT BANK NET b) d) SBI NET INFINET
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14.
State Bank of India has forged alliance with Tata Consultancy Services and formed a Joint Venture named C-Edge Technologies Ltd. What is its Authorised Capital ? a) 10 Crore c) 40 Crore b) 100 Crore d) None of the these
15.
Which agency has conferred State Bank of India with "Technology Award 2005" for successfully launching and implementing Core Banking Solution in the Bank ? a) c) IIB London The Banker, Mumbai b) d) IIB, Mumbai The Banker, London
16.
Indian Railways has teamed up with SBI Cards to launch a co-branded credit card. What is the name of the card ? a) c) Indian Rail Card SBI Railway Card b) d) Railway SBI Card None of the above
KEY TO GENERAL AWARENESS COMPUTERS - 2 1 6 11 16 d c a c 2 7 12 d a b 3 8 13 c c d 4 9 14 c b c 5 10 15 b c d
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GENERAL AWARENESS - (COMPUTERS - 3) 1 The two possible states of a position in the memory of a computer are usually represented by: a) c) 2 The words on and off The and and or signal b) d) The digit 0 and 1 None of the these
The heart of micro-computer is the a) c) micro-processor CPU b) d) ICs Control unit
Collection of data is called: a) c) record function b) d) file organisation
One Terabyte is equal to a) c) 1024 Megabyte 1024 Gigabyte b) 1 Gigabyte d) 100 Gigabyte
How many types of memory exist in computer a) c) 1 3 b) d) 2 4
What does database mean a)Basic information about computers items c)Only figures b) A table of data pertaining to d) None of the above
The programs or instructions that make the computer useful are called a) c) Hardware Output b) d) Software None of the above
What is the name of the programme in Windows, used for management of data in a spreadsheet format a) c) EXCEL MS-WORD b) d) UTILITY INTERNET-EXPLORER
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What does RDBMS stand for a) Random Database management System c) Remote Database management System b) Rapid Database management System d) Relational Database management System
10
What does WWW stand for in the context of INTERNET a) c) World Wide Wealth World Wide Web b) d) Wide world web World wide watch
11
What is the expansion of ATM a) Automated Teller Machine b) c) Automated Teller Manager Machine Automatic Talking Machine d) Automated Talking
12
Expansion of LAN in computer is a) Local Area Network Network c) Lead Area Network b) d) Legal Access
None of the above
13
ISP stands for a) Internet Service Provider b) procedure c) Internal System & procedure International d) System &
None of the above
14
What is B2B in E-Commerce a) c) Business to Business Branch to Branch b) Bank to bank None of the above
d)
15
What is address of SBI Website a) c) statebankofindia.com both a & b b) sbi.co.in None of the above
d)
16
For using Internet banking of the Bank one has to login into the site of a) c) onlinesbi.com Servicedesk b) B@ncs24 internet banking .com
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44
17
E-RECON relates to a) Forex Transactions account c) Electronic Payment b)Reconciliation of Inter office
d)None of the above
KEY TO GENERAL AWARENESS COMPUTERS - 3 1 7 13 b b a 2 8 14 a a a 3 9 15 a d c 4 10 16 c c a 5 11 17 b a b 6 12 b a
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GENERAL AWARENESS - (COMPUTERS - 4) 1 The computer based package introduced for Electronic NOSTRO Reconciliation is a) c) 2 NOSTROM VIHAR b) d) ELENOR VIRAT
Our Banks private communication system is called a) c) SBICOM SBISYS b) d) SBINET None of the above
E-TAX facility being provided to the taxpayers to make income tax payments through internet using net banking facility can be used for paying a) b) c) d) Corporation Tax, Income Tax and Wealth tax Making payment of tax deducted at source For making payment of other taxes like interest tax, gift tax etc. All of the above
SBI launched Internet Banking on a) c) 15th January, 2002 1st Aug 2000 b) d) 15th November, 2002 15th January 2001
Central Data Centre for Core Banking Operations situated at a) Kolkata b) Belapur c) Nagpur d) Pune What is the software used for Telebanking in SBI a) CROFT b) CRAFT c) KRAFT d) KROFT SFMS software is developed by a) c) WIPRO SATYAM INFOWAY b) d) INFOSYS TCS
Which agency certifies security of our Internet banking site ? a) c) Crisil Verisign b) d) Icra None of the above
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SBIs Internet banking site is maintained by a) c) Sify TCS b) d) Infosys Wipro
10
Internet Banking facilitates a) Customer can see 2 different account in 2 different branches in a single server b) Request for issue of Bank draft c) Booking of railway tickets / pay utility bills d) All of the above VOIP stands for a) Voice over internet protocol protocol c) Voice over internet phone WAP stands for a) Water available point Protocol c) Wireless Access Point
11
b) d)
Voice
on
internet
Voice on internet phone
12
b) d)
Wireless
Application
Wind and Power
13
What is Convergence a) Bringing together information, Communication Entertainment b) Arrangement of loans from different banks for a borrower c) Conversion of foreign currency into domestic currency d) None of the above What is the new name of C&C Deptt. At LHOs
and
14
a) IT Services Deptt. b)Information & Communication deptt c) There is no change in name d)None of the above 15 Which was the first, most popular e-based bookshop in the world a) c) 16 yahoo.com ebook.com b) d) amazon.com None of the baove
What is SBI-FAST a) Speedily delivery of drafts Short Time c) Fast cash at ATM
b) d)
SBI Funds Available at None of the above
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17
What is EIS a) Extra information from softwareb) system c) Executive Information System d) External information
None of the above
18
What is INFINET a) RBI c) Information on internet b)Indian Financial network, set up d)None of the above
Internal information network
KEY TO GENERAL AWARENESS COMPUTERS - 4 1 7 13 b d a 2 8 14 b c a 3 9 15 d a b 4 10 16 c d b 5 11 17 b a c 6 12 18 b b b
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GENERAL AWARENESS - (COMPUTERS - 5) 1 Name the two organizations with whom SBI has tie up for co-brand SBI Smart cards a) Indian Oil Corporation & Indian Air Force b) Indian Airlines and Air India c) No such tie up. d) None of the these 2 SPEED software developed by SBI refers to a) b) c) d) 3 ATM Software for Submission of Proposals for ECCB Decisions Software for Telebanking None of the above
UPS stand for a) Uninterrupted Power supply system c) Uninterrupted Power system b) d) Uniform power none of these
Icon stand for a) c) Inter connected Image of console b) d) Internal console None of the above
DOSCIS software is developed by a) c) TCS b) MIS Deptt ,Corporate Centre, Mumbai IT Deptt ,Corporate centre, Mumbai d) None of the above
IT FORUM is published by a) Staff College , Hyderabad c) SBIICM ,Hyderabad above b) SBA, Gurgaon d) None of
the
What is Home Page a) c) First page of the book Last page of the website b) d) First page of the website None of the above
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What is RAS a) Name of the soft drink from RASNA b) Remote Access sever , to make non networked branches as part of communication revolution within SBI c) Real access software d) None of the above
Expand MICR a) c) Marginal ink Character Recognition Character Recognition Magnetic ink Character record b) Magnetic ink
d) None of the above
10
What does ROM stand for a) c) Read on memory Read out memory b) d) Read only memory None of the above
11
What does IDRBT stand for a) Industrial Development and Research in Banking Technology b) Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology c) Institute for Rural Development in Banking Technology d) None of the above
12
Information Technology Act 2000 was passed on a) c) 9th July 2000 1st January 2000 b) d) 9th June 2000 No such Act
13
Elenor Phase I covers a) c) A category branches C category branches b) B category branches Both a and b
d)
14
CPU consist of a) c) ALU Control Unit b) d) Main Memory All of the above
15
Banks Intranet site SBI Briefcase was launched on a) c) 15th January, 2002 15th January 2001 b) d) 15th November, 2002 None of the above
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16
National Technology Day is celebrated on a) 11th May b) th June d) c) 11
Ist July 11th July
17
Under the Fast Cash option , cash can be withdrawn in fixed amounts of ------- from the State Bank ATMs a) Rs. 1000/- , Rs. 2000/b) Rs. 5000/- , Rs. 10,000/-. c) Rs.1000/-,, Rs. 2000/-, Rs3000/- or Rs. 5000/- d) None of the above
18
Which city is known as Silicon valley of India a) c) Hyderabad Bangalore b) d) Chandigarh None of the above
19
Sabeer Bhatia of Indian origin invented which of the site a) c) Hotmail Yahoo b) d) Google None of the above
KEY TO GENERAL AWARENESS COMPUTERS - 5 1 7 13 19 a b d a 2 8 14 b b d 3 9 15 a b a 4 10 16 c b a 5 11 17 c b c 6 12 18 c b c
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GENERAL AWARENESS - (COMPUTERS - 6) 1 When your ATM-cum-Debit card is lost or misplaced what immediate steps would you take ? a) b) Contact Toll free help line, inform loss of card and make request to HOT/Block the card and stop the operations of the card. Inform immediately the card issuing branch telephonically about the loss of card followed by written request to make the card HOT/BLOCK. Both a & b. None of the above
c) d) 2
What do mean by the term 'Smart Gold' ? a) b) c) d) It is the 24 carate gold we sell at our branches It is an ATM cum Smart Card co-branded by SBI and IOC It is a book written by our President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam None of the above
Find the odd man from the following :a) c) WAN TAN b) d) MAN LAN
Expand the term VIRUS a) b) c) d) Very Important Resources Under Surveillance Vulnerable Information Resources Under Surveillance Vital Information Resources Under Siege None of the above
What is the membership fee for co-branded credit card of Indian Railways and SBI Card? a) c) Rs. 500 Rs. 1500 b) d) Rs. 1000 Rs. 2000
What is the name of the traveler loyalty card jointly launched by the Indian Railways and SBI Card ? a) c) SBI Shubyatra IR Shubhyatra b) d) Shubhyatra None of the above
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State Bank of India is forging ahead to obtain certification for its ATM and Core Banking Solution under the British standard for information security management, providing a comprehensive set of controls for best practices in information security. What is that certification called ? a) c) SB7788 SB7799 b) d) BS7799 None of the above
State Bank of India has set aside around Rs 1,000 crore to help in spreading information technology education in more than 10,000 schools. The other partner(s) in this noble cause is/are : a) INTEL b) Microsoft c) NIIT d) a,b & c Using OnlineSBI, a retail customer cannot do the following transaction/business : a) b) c) d) Payment for mobile bills View account information Open a new account Transfer his account to other branch
10
What are the annual charges to be levied from an existing ATM card holder ? a) c) Rs. 100 Rs. 150 b) d) Rs. 50 None of the above
11
Which bank has launched first-ever floating ATM on a boat ? a) c) State Bank of India Punjab National Bank b) d) Bank of Baroda None of the above
12
What are the charges levied by the bank for issuance of duplicate ATM card? a) c) No charges are levied Rs.200 b) Rs.100 Rs.500
d)
13
RTGS was started by RBI on : a) c) 26th July 2000 26th March 2004 b) d) 26th June 2002 26th April 2005
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14
RTGS is a : a) c) Payment System Both a & b b) d) Receipt System None of these
15
RTGS enables transfer of funds : a) b) c) d) Between the banks only From the remitters account in a particular bank to the beneficiarys account Both a & b None of the above
16
Under normal circumstances, if we transfer frunds from one account to another bank's account through RTGS, how long will it take to credit that account ? a) c) 1 Day 30 Minutes b) d) 15 Minutes 1 Hour
17
If a customer applies for issuance of draft through his Internet Banking account, what charges we will charge from him? a) Usual draft charges charges at all c) Usual draft charges plus courier charges courier charges b) d) No Only
18
Under Internet Banking, what is the maximum limit for draft ? a) c) Rs. 15,000/Rs.40,000/b) d) Rs.25,000/Rs.50,000/-
19
Under Internet Banking, what is the maximum limit for third party transfer ? a) c) Rs. 15,000/Rs.40,000/b) d) Rs.25,000/Rs.50,000/-
20
How e-Pay (online bill payment) facility of SBI benefits the customer ? a) b) c) d) It enables the customer to schedule his payments for various bills. It enables him to automatically pay on specific amount/day every month. It enables him to pay/view his transaction. All the above
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21
What is the amount charged from the customer for re-generation of PIN for his ATM-cum-Debit card ? a) c) Rs. 50/Rs.200/b) d) Rs.100/No fee charged.
22
State Bank of India has entered into an agreement with Western Union's Kouni Travels. The duo will falicitate the customer in : a) Inward remittance only remittance only c) Both Inward & Outward remittances b) d) Outward None of these
23
What is e-tradesbi ? a) It is the facility for all Internet Banking customers to start a new trade. b) It is the facility to the trade customers only to transact their business online. c) Both a & b. d) None of these.
24
Who has launched NEFT ? a) c) RBI Both RBI & SBI b) d) SBI RBI, SBI & ICICI Bank
25
NEFT will gradually replace the one of the existing Electronic Funds Transfer system. Which one is that: a) c) RTGS Both a & b b) d) SEFT None of these
26
Under NEFT, the funds settlement will take place a) c) Twice a day Only once a day i.e. at 12 Noon b)Every half an hour d)Any time the funds received
27
State Bank of India has launched its Multi City Cheque. These cheques books can be issued at : a) c) Any branch of the Bank Only Bankmaster Branch b) d) Only CBS Branch Only MCG Branch
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28
What amount will be charged from the payee in a CBS branch for every Multi City Cheque ? a) Rs. 20/c) Rs.100/levied b) d) Rs. 50/No charges
will
be
29
What are the instrument types assigned to 'Multi City Cheques' by RBI ? a) c) 29 31 b) d) 30 a,b & c
KEY TO GENERAL AWARENESS COMPUTERS - 6 1 7 13 19 25 c b c d b 2 8 14 20 26 b d a d c 3 9 15 21 27 c d b a b 4 10 16 22 28 c b c a d 5 11 17 23 29 a a c b d 6 12 18 24 b c d a
MS WORD 1. What do you understand by MS in MS Word? a. Microsoft 2. What is MS Word? a. Microsoft Word is a programme that helps us to create neat and attractive documents b. It helps us to prepare letters, reports, articles etc c. The contents of the MS Word file are called as Text 3. How will you change the type, colour and size of the fonts? a. Click on Format. A dropdown menu opens b. Click on Font. A box Font opens c. Select the required font , colour and size using mouse d. Click on Default and then on Yes e. Now the font is of required type, colour and size throughout the document 4. How will you open a document in MS Word? a. Click on start and select Word under programmes b. A blank document gets displayed on the screen
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5. What is displayed on the title bar? a. The name of the document along with Microsoft Word 6. What does the menu bar in MS Word displays? a. It displays the options- File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window & help 7. What does the standard tool bar contains? a. It contains the standard icons of various functions like save, open, print, print preview 8. How will you save a text file after completion? a. Select the option file. A drop down menu appears b. Select the option save c. A box opens d. The system will you ask you a name for the file. e. Give appropriate name & click on save. f. Now the file is saved with a required name in the required location g. Alternatively press CTRL + S and then do the functions d, e & f 9. How will you copy the text of a file in to another location or file? a. Select the text by dragging the mouse pointer over the text and b. Right click and select copy c. Alternatively select the text as above and press CTRL + C d. Now the file is selected e. Go to the required file and then right click and select paste. ( alternatively press CTRL + V) f. Now the contents are copied to the new location or file 10. How will you delete a portion of the text in a word document? a. Select the required portion of the document as mentioned above b. Right click and select the option cut c. Alternatively press ctrl + x after selecting the required portion 11. Can you check correctness of spelling in the text document prepared by you? a. Yes b. By selecting the option Tools and spelling and grammar c. The system checks for the spelling and displays the error d. The system also provides with suggestive correct spellings 12. What is the use of the undo button? a. To remove the changes made by clicking on the Undo button till we reach the original text 13. Can you make some of the text to appear bold? a. By selecting the text and clicking on the button B b. Alternatively by pressing ctrl + b after selecting the required text
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14. How can I under line some of the text? a. First select the text as explained above b. Then click on U c. Alternatively after selection of the text press ctrl + u 15. How will you insert italic type font wherever I want have? a. Select the portion of the text and click on I b. Alternatively press ctrl + I after selecting the required text as explained above 16. How will you align the text to appear neatly? a. The alignments can be made either left justified, centered, right justified or justified as per the requirement 17. How will you align the text at the center? a. Select the text b. Click on the icon for centering available in the formatting tool bar 18. How will you left align the text? a. Select the text b. Click on the icon for left aligning in the formatting tool bar 19. How will you right align the text in a word document? a. Select the text b. Click on the icon for right alignment 20. How will you justify the contents of the text? a. Select the text b. Click on the icon for justification available in the formatting tool bar 21. How will you increase the space between the lines in a text? a. Select the text b. Click on Format c. Click on paragraph in the dropdown menu d. Increase the value in the field line spacing e. Click on OK f. Now the line spacing of the text as per your requirement 22. How will you draw a table in between the text? a. Keep the cursor at a point where you want the table to be inserted b. Click on Table in the menu bar c. Select insert table d. Select the required number of rows and columns e. Press OK f. A table with required columns and rows are inserted 23. How will you prepare and send same letters to many persons? a. Type the required letter b. Use the mail merge option to print letters to the required persons
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24. How will you close a word file? a. Move the cursor to File option b. Select Close option and c. Click the left button of the mouse d. Now the file is closed 25. How will you exit a word file? a. Keep your mouse on the close button on the top corner of the menu bar b. Click the left button of the mouse c. Now the word file is closed MS EXCEL 1. In MS EXCELL what IS MS? a. Microsoft 2. What is MSEXCEL? a. A programme designed for entering data and to analyze and present the data attractively b. It replaces the calculator c. It is a powerful spreadsheet programme 3. What is a spreadsheet? a. A simple worksheet consisting of rows and columns in which data can be entered b. The spreadsheet provides for calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, calculating percentage, average etc 4. How the rows and columns are defined in MSEXCEL? a. The rows are defined with numbers starting from 1. Excel has more than 16000 rows b. The columns are defined by alphabets like, A, B, C.. AA,..IV- 256 columns 5. In MS Excel what do you mean by a cell? a. A cell is box formed out rows and columns or b. A cell is an intersection of rows and columns 6. What is an address of a cell? a. The location or address of a cell is mentioned by writing the name of the row and column. b. For example a cell in the third row of column B the address of the cell is B3 7. How and for what purposes a spread sheet is used? a. For performing calculations b. For recalculating of results, if the value of any data already stored in the spreadsheet is changed c. For preparing financial reports d. For making comparisons 8. What is a label in spreadsheet? a. Labels are headings we enter in cells
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9. What are values in spreadsheet? a. Values are the numbers on which calculations are made 10. What is formula & functions in spreadsheet? a. Formulas and functions are elements that do the required calculations 11. How many spreadsheets are available in MSEXCEL? a. Excel is organized like a workbook with multiple pages labeled Sheet 1, Sheet 2 etc b. By default only three sheets are displayed. c. You can insert more sheets 12. How will you insert a new spreadsheet? a. Go to Insert option and click on Worksheet b. Now a new worksheet is inserted 13. How can I create a new workbook? a. Choose the New option under File Menu b. Click on the OK button to open a new workbook 14. Excel treats the following characters as numbers: a. Numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0 , -, +, / 15. Text entries are: a. Alphabets b. Numbers c. Symbols 16. How will you enter numbers as characters? a. To enter the number as text you have to with in quotes, For example to enter 55890 enter as 55890 17. How will you enter Dates and Times in Excel? a. When you type a date or time the value is converted in to a number b. Time is recorded as a fraction of 24-hours a day 18. How will you enter a formula? a. While entering formulas begin with = b. Otherwise the entry is treated as a text label 19. A worksheet can be navigated by a. Using the arrow keys or the mouse b. Entering the cell numbers in the Cell Reference Area c. Using the Go To dialog box 20. How will you delete the contents of a cell? a. Move the mouse-pointer over the cell address and click the left mouse button to activate the cell b. Now press the space bar key from the keyboard. c. Now the contents in the cell are deleted.
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21. How will you replace the contents of a cell? a. Place the mouse pointer over the cell and click the left button in the mouse and the cell is activated b. Now type the new data from the keyboard c. You will now see that the old contents get replaced by the new data. 22. How will you modify the existing contents of a cell? a. Move the mouse pointer to the cell and activate it by clicking the left button of the mouse b. Press F2 key c. A blinking cursor appears at the end of the text in the cell d. Press the right or left arrow keys of the key board to move the blinking cursor to that point in the cell where you wish to make the change e. Finally type the desired data. 23. How will you save the data entered in the workbook? a. Move the mouse pointer to the Save button on the toolbar and click the left button of the mouse b. Excel displays the Save As box on the screen c. Select the required location against the option Save in d. Type the name for the workbook e. Then press on save button f. The file now gets saved in to the required location 24. How will you close an Excel workbook? a. Clock on the file menu bar option b. A pull down menu appears c. Inside the pull down menu, move the mouse-pointer over the Close option d. Click the left mouse button e. Immediately, the workbook closes. 25. How will you quit the Microsoft Excel? a. Move the mouse pointer over the close button present on the right hand side of the title bar b. Click the left mouse button over it. c. Immediately the Microsoft Excel window closes.
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Computer Awareness Booklet

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1 - Computer Types

STATE BANK LEARNING CENTRE, THIRUCHIRAPALLI

A computer can keep huge amounts of data.

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HAND HELD TOWER

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NUMBER SYSTEM IN COMPUTER

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Windows 2000 is an upgrade of Windows NT rather than of Windows 98.

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Information Confidentiality & Password Security: Weak passwords

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Main advantage: Can easily change what has been done

Steps to produce a document

Create Edit Format Print Save (often!!)

STATE BANK LEARNING CENTRE, THIRUCHIRAPALLI

Word wrap Cursor Enter textScrolling Select -

Copy Paste Undo -

Insert Delete Search Replace Template Thesaurus Spelling check -

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STATE BANK LEARNING CENTRE, THIRUCHIRAPALLI

Spelling and Grammar

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Undo & Redo

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STATE BANK LEARNING CENTRE, THIRUCHIRAPALLI

The Formatting Bar

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STATE BANK LEARNING CENTRE, THIRUCHIRAPALLI

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a)Install Borough Machines Machines c)Indian Business Management 3.

Which system is not used in computers? a) c) Hexadecimal Sexadecimal b) Binary Octal

Binary is a counting system using ........digits a) c) 2 6 b) 4 d) 8

RAM stands for b) d) Random Readable Available Available

Readable only memory Random other memory

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a) Windows environment only environment only c) Either (a) or (b)

Neither (a) nor (b)

computer with fax

A byte is equal to how many bits a) c) 6 12 b) d) 8 16

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1. 7. 13. 19. 25.

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Where, is the Headquarters of telecommunication across the globe? a) c) Hongkong Brussels

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Bank Master is _____currencies a) c) 20 99

a)Universal Computerisation Project Programme c)Uniform Computer Programme d) Programme 12

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KEY TO GENERAL AWARENESS COMPUTERS - 2 1 6 11 16 d c a c 2 7 12 d a b 3 8 13 c c d 4 9 14 c b c 5 10 15 b c d

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