Ly Nhan Tong - at nen mong xay nen giao duc ai hoc Viet Nam

Vua Ly Nhan Tong (sinh nam 1066, tr v t 1072 en 1128) la v vua at ra nhieu chnh sach nham chan hng at nc, khuyen nong, ap e chong lut. ac biet, ong la ngi au tien khi xng va thc hien che o thi c va giao duc ai hoc cua ai Viet nh to chc khoa thi Minh Kinh (1075), lap Quoc T Giam (1076), to chc "thi lai vien" nham la chon quan chc cao cap cho bo may nha nc. Ly Nhan Tong la mot v vua nhan ai va co tai. Luc len ngoi tuy con nho tuoi, nhng c meY Lan la mot phu n gioi tr nc va cac ai than tai gioi nh Thai s Ly ao Thanh, Phu quoc Thai uy Ly Thng Kiet cung nhan dan het long ung ho. Bi vay, di trieu ai Ly Nhan Tong, nc ai Viet a lam nen nhng chien cong lng lay ca ve noi tr lan ngoai giao, va ngay cang tr nen hung manh. Ly Nhan Tong co nhieu chnh sach nham chan hng at nc. Trong lnh vc chnh tr, Ly Nhan Tong la v vua au tien ban hanh le dan chu vi "Chieu cau li noi thang" (thang 4 Bnh Thn - 1076) nham huy ong tr tue cua moi tang lp nhan dan ong gop vao cong cuoc "tr quoc, bnh thien ha". Va ke t ay, cac trieu ai a ke tha mot ke sach tr quoc an dan. Ve kinh te, ong la ngi rat quan tam en cong viec nha nong. Viec bao ve trau bo, phng tien san xuat cua c dan nong nghiep ai Viet, lan au c Ly Nhan Tong a vao luat phap. Ly Nhan Tong a hai lan xuong chieu ra lenh cam

giet trom trau. Ly Nhan Tong la ngi au tien khi xng viec ap e phong lu, a huy ong dan "ap e phng C Xa" (nay la oan e song Hong gan cau Long Bien, Ha Noi), nam 1108. Trong viec bao ve thien nhien, moi trng sinh thai oi vi c dan lam nong nghiep, thang gieng nam 1126, ong a xuong chieu "Cam dan chung mua xuan khong c chat cay" va viec bao ve moi trng thien nhien thanh phap lenh. Nhng ieu ln lao, ang ke hn ca cua Ly Nhan Tong, cua trieu ai ong, la s m au nghiep thi c va nen giao duc cao cap cua nc nha. Tiep tuc s nghiep mong moi cua vua cha, ngi at nen mong xay dng Trng ai hoc quoc gia vao nam 1070 vi viec lap Van Mieu e bieu dng Nho giao, th Chu Cong, Khong T va cac v tien hien. Nam, sau nam sau, Ly Nhan Tong la ngi au tien khi xng va thc hien che o thi c va giao duc ai hoc cua ai Viet e t o ve sau, ngay cang c cac trieu ai noi tiep hoan thien. Khoa thi au cua nen giao duc cao cap Viet Nam c m vao thang 2 nam At Mao, hieu Thai Ninh nam th t (1075), la khoa thi Minh kinh bac hoc nham tuyen chon ngi co tai van hoc. Khoa nay chon c mi ngi. Mot nam sau, nam Bnh Thn (1076), vua cho lap Quoc T Giam ke sau Van Mieu (ban au la cho cac hoang t, sau m rong cho nhng ngi gioi trong thien ha vao hoc), va chon nhng ngi gioi, nhng nha khoa bang cho vao day hoc. ay la trng ai hoc au tien cua nc nha. Thang 2 nam inh T (1077) lai to chc "thi lai vien bang phep viet ch, phep tinh va hnh luat", nham

la chon quan chc cao cap cho bo may nha nc. ay la ky thi chon quan lai au tien vi noi dung kien thc tng oi toan dien: van, toan, luat phap (chnh tr). Thang 8 nam Binh Dan (1086) m khoa thi chon ngi c tai van hoc trong nc, sung lam viec Han lam vien. Khoa thi nay Mac Hien Tch o au, c bo chc Ham lam hoc s. La mot minh quan, Ly Nhan Tong cung la mot tam gng kho luyen, phan au at en o "hoc thc cao minh, hieu sau ao ly" (Phan Huy Chu). Chnh v vay, anh gia tong quat ve ong, cac s gia t Le Van Hu, Ngo S Lien, en Phan Huy Chu, Le Qu on... eu cho rang, ong la "v vua gioi", "v anh quan" cua treu Ly.