Phan Boi Chau - nha yeu nc ln au the ky 20

Phan Boi Chau (1867 - 1940) que lang an Nhiem (nay la xa Xuan Hoa, huyen Nam an, Nghe An). Ong la nha yeu nc ln au the ky 20 cua Viet Nam va la tac gia cua nhieu tac pham noi tieng. Ong tng khi xng, thanh lap, lanh ao nhieu phong trao va to chc chnh tr, nh Hoi Duy Tan (1904), phong trao ong Du (1905) vi chu trng dung moi bien phap khoi phuc oc lap dan toc. Nam 1925, ong b thc dan Phap bat coc Thng Hai a ve Viet Nam nh thu tieu. Trc s au tranh manh me cua nhan dan, thc dan Phap phai giam long ong Hue cho ti ngay ong mat (1940). Cac tac pham Hai ngoai huyet th, Viet Nam vong quoc s, Trung Quang tam s... cua ong co anh hng ln ti nhieu the he ngi Viet Nam yeu nc Phan Boi Chau (ten co la Phan Van San), hieu Hai Thu, sau lay hieu la Sao Nam (va nhieu but danh khac) sinh ngay 26-12-1867, que lang an Nhiem (nay la xa Xuan Hoa, huyen Nam an, Nghe Tnh). Luc nho, ong noi tieng thong minh. Sau tuoi a thuoc het Tam t kinh, bay tuoi a hieu kinh truyen, tam tuoi a lam thong thao loai van c t. Mi ba tuoi, i thi huyen o au. Mi sau tuoi, o au x, nen cung goi la au x San. Nam len chn tuoi, ong a co y thc hng ng phong trao cua Tran Tan, ang Nh Mai, chong bon thc dan. Mi bay tuoi, c tin phong trao khi ngha noi len Bac ky, ong a thao bai hch Bnh Tay Thu Bac. Nam 19 tuoi hng ng chieu Can Vng cua

Ham Nghi, ong to chc mot oi th sinh quan gom 60 ngi len ng ng ngha, nhng cha kp hanh ong th ch a ve can quet lang. Cong viec khong thanh nhng ch hng cu nc cua ong a ro. Tiep o, mi nam Phan Boi Chau lam ong o day hoc. Nam 1900, ong o thu khoa trng Nghe va chnh thc bc vao cuoc i hoat ong cach mang. Phan lap ra Hoi Duy Tan (1904), chon Ky Ngoai Hau Cng e lam minh chu, chu trng bao ong va nh ngoai vien e khoi phuc nen oc lap. au nam 1905, ong sang Nhat roi quay ve day len mot phong trao ong Du vao nam 1905-1908. Ong viet nhieu tac pham tuyen truyen cach mang nh Viet Nam vong quoc s, Hai ngoai huyet th, v.v... Lanh ao phong trao ong Du, Phan Boi Chau a to chc Cong hieu hoi, tap hp 200 lu hoc sinh Viet Nam sang Nhat hoc tap chnh tr, khoa hoc, quan s. Nhng nam cuoi cung tren at Nhat, ong lap ra cac hoi co tnh chat "oan ket quoc te", nh hoi ien, Que, Viet lien minh (lien minh gia nhng ngi Van Nam, Quang Tay vi Viet Nam) va hoi ong a ong minh (gom mot so ngi Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc, Trieu Tien, An o, v.v...) e giup nhau chong lai bon e quoc. Khoang thang 3-1909, to chc ong Du b giai tan va Phan Boi Chau b chnh phu Nhat truc xuat. Tr ve an nau tam thi tren at Trung Quoc t lau, Phan Boi Chau sang Xiem hoat ong. Hn mot nam sau, khi cach mang Tan Hi (1911) thanh cong, Phan lai tr ve Trung Quoc va thanh lap Viet Nam quang phuc hoi ma ton ch duy nhat la anh uoi giac Phap, khoi phuc nc Viet Nam, thanh lap

nc "Cong hoa dan quoc Viet Nam". Sau nhng hoat ong yeu nc, Phan b thc dan Phap nh bon quan phiet Trung Quoc bat giam ngay 24-12-1913. Nam 1917, khi Phan Boi Chau ra tu, th chien tranh the gii lan th nhat sap ket thuc, anh hng Cach Mang Thang Mi Nga va phong trao au tranh giai phong dan toc soi noi khap the gii, a tac ong ln en Phan Boi Chau. Cu a viet bao ca ngi lanh tu Lenin v ai, ca ngi Nha Nc Cong Nong cua Lien Xo, v.v...