Nha S Hoc Phan Huy Chu Phan Huy Chu (1782-1840), ngi lang Thuy Khue huyen Quoc

Oai, tnh Sn Tay (nay la Ha Tay), la nha bac hoc ln, danh nhan van hoa cua Viet Nam the ky 19. Cuon Lch trieu hien chong loai che cua ong la mot cong trnh khoa hoc o so, khao cu nhieu bo mon, c anh gia la bo bach khoa toan th ve Viet Nam. Ong con e lai nhieu tac pham co gia tr khac nh Hoang Viet at che, Hoa thieu ngam luc... Phan Huy Chu t la Lam Khanh, hieu Mai Phong, sinh vao mua ong nam Nham Dan 1782, mat nam 1840. Ong la con trai th ba Phan Huy ch, than mau la ba Ngo Th Thuc, em gai Ngo Th Nham. Phan Huy Chu sinh ra va ln len Thuy Khue, tuc goi la lang Thay. Von thong minh, sm co ch hoc tap, tm toi, lai c s day do can than cua gia nh, nen Phan Huy Chu hoc gioi noi tieng ca vung Quoc Oai, Sn Tay (nay la Ha Tay). Tuy hoc gioi song Phan Huy Chu, hai lan i thi eu ch o tu tai nen ngi ta goi la ong "Kep Thay". Khong ng trong hang khoa bang nhng thc hoc, thc tai cua Phan Huy Chu van nc tieng xa gan. Nam 1821, vua Minh Menh co trieu Phan Huy Chu vao Hue gi chc Han lam bien tu. Nam 1825, ong c xung s bo sang Trung

Quoc. Nam 1828, thang Phu phu Tha Thien. Nam 1829, c ieu lam Hiep tran Quang Nam, sau ay b giang. Nam 1831, lai c c sang s Trung Quoc. Khi tr ve , do ca oan s bo pham toi "long quyen", Phan Huy Chu b cach chc. Nam sau, Phan Huy Chu b Minh Menh bat i hieu lc Giang Lu Ba (thuoc Indonesia ngay nay), tc la i phuc vu cho mot s bo lam cong viec buon ban ng bien gia trieu Nguyen va Nam Dng. Xong nhiem vu tr ve , Phan Huy Chu c khoi phuc gi chc vu bo Cong nhng a chan cuoc i lam quan, ong mn c au yeu xin ve ngh va day hoc Thanh Mai, huyen Tien Phong, Sn Tay (nay la xa Van Thang, huyen Ba V, Ha Tay) roi mat tai ay . Cuoc i lam quan cua Phan Huy Chu rat buon chan va lan an. Nhng ve phng dien van hoa Phan Huy Chu co mot cong hien rat ln. Ong a e lai cho dan toc mot cong trnh khoa hoc o so, o la bo Lch trieu hien chng loai che . Ngoai ra, Phan Huy Chu con co cac tac pham: Hoang Viet at che , viet ve at nc ta thi Nguyen. Nam 1838, sach nay c in hai ni la Hoi van ng va Quang van ng. Nam 1897, Tu van ng tai ban. Hoa thieu ngam luc, la tap th Phan Huy Chu lam lan i s th nhat, gom 2 quyen. Quyen thng co 1 bai ta cua tac gia, 161 bai th

va 3 bai phu. Quyen ha co 114 bai th, 1 bai phu va 8 bai te . Hoa trnh ngam luc, la tap th Phan Huy Chu sang tac lan i s th hai, gom 127 bai. ng trnh kien (ghi chep nhng ieu mat thay trong cuoc hanh trnh tren bien), viet luc i hieu lc Indonesia, sach nay b that truyen. Nam trnh tap ngam, lam nam 1821 tren ng t Sn Tay vao Hue nhan chc, cung b mat. S nghiep trc tac ln nhat cua Phan Huy Chu la bo Lch trieu hien chng loai ch. Ong a bo ra 10 nam (1809-1819) e hoan thanh bo sach nay, tc la bo sach c khi thao luc Phan Huy Chu 27 tuoi. Nam 1821 khi lam Han lam bien tu, Phan Huy Chu dang Lch trieu hien dng loai ch len Minh Menh, c Minh Menh thng 30 lang bac, 1 chiec ao sa, 30 cai but, 30 thoi mc. Lch trieu hien dng loai ch la mot bo sach gom 10 ch, ghi chep 10 bo mon c phan loai, khao cu mot cach he thong theo trnh t sau: D a ch: Nghien cu s thay oi ve b coi at ai qua cac i, s khac nhau ve phong tho cua cac a phng. Nhan vat ch: Noi ve tieu truyen cua cac vua chua, nhng ngi co cong lao xay dng cac trieu ai, nhng tng lnh co danh tieng, nhng tri thc

co c nghiep. Quan chc ch: Bao quat viec at quan chc cac i, s thay oi ten cac quan chc, chc vu cac ty, che o ban cap bong loc, che o bo dung quan lai... Le nghi ch: Che o ao, mu, xe kieu cua vua chua, che o pham phuc, vong kieu cua quan lai, le th cung, tang ma, le sach phong, to cao... Khoa muc ch: ai cng ve phep thi c cac i, the le cac ky thi... Quoc dung ch: Viec lam so ho khau, phep thu thue, anh thue, che o ruong at, tien te... Hnh luat ch: Khai quat ve viec nh luat le cac i, cac loai luat... Binh che ch: Nghien cu viec at cac ngach quan, phep tuyen chon quan lnh, che o lng bong, quan trang, quan dung, phep thi vo... Van tch ch: Noi ve tnh hnh sach v, trc tac cua cac i. Bang giao ch: Chep viec bang giao cac i, nghi le on tiep s than cac nc.. Qua tom tat cau tao sach Lch trieu hien chng loai ch, ta thay dung lng thong tin cua no

rat ln. ay la mot bo lch s van hien o so, mot pho bach khoa th cua at nc. Nha nghien cu lch s Viet Nam cua Lien Xo, trc ay G.P.Muraseva anh gia: "Lch trieu hien chng loai ch la mot bo sach xng ang c goi la bo bach khoa toan th ve cuoc song Viet Nam. Cong trnh nay thc te khong co cong trnh nao sanh noi va be rong cua pham vi cac van e trong khoa lch s s hoc Viet Nam thi phong kien". 10 bo mon trong cong trnh cua Phan Huy Chu la 10 lnh vc khoa hoc rieng. Neu chia theo nganh khoa hoc, chung ta thay tap trung Phan Huy Chu: nha s hoc, nha a ly hoc, nha nghien cu phap luat, nha nghien cu kinh te, nha nghien cu giao duc, nha nghien cu quan s, nha th tch hoc, nha phe bnh van hoc, nha nghien cu van hoa, s. Lnh vc nay Phan Huy Chu cung to ra uyen bac va co nhng quan iem sau sac. Vi s phan loai, he thong hoa tng bo mon nh the, Lch trieu hien chng loai ch anh dau mot bc phat trien cao cua thanh tu khoa hoc nhng nc nha hoi au the ky 19. Qua Lch trieu hien chng loai ch, chung ta thay Phan Huy Chu la mot nha bac hoc co long

yeu nc thiet tha, co mot y thc dan toc manh me. Phan Huy Chu la mot danh nhan van hoa ai bieu cho truyen thong khoa hoc tot ep cua at nc. Ong a neu mot tam gng sang ve tinh than say me lao ong sang tao khoa hoc, cong hien cho at nc mot cong trnh hoc thuat co gia tr to ln. Vi cong lao o, Phan Huy Chu xng ang c xep vao so khong nhieu cac nha bac hoc ln cua Viet Nam thi xa.