AS/NZS 4188:1994

IEC 1206:1993

Australian/New Zealand Standard

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Ultrasonics—Continuous-wave
Doppler systems—Test procedures
 AS/NZS 4188:1994

This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical

Committee HT/17, Ultrasonic Medical Equipment. It was approved on behalf of the
Council of Standards Australia on 7 March 1994 and on behalf of the Council of
Standards New Zealand on 28 February 1994. It was published on 16 May 1994.
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The following interests are represented on Committee HT/17:

CSIRO—Department of Radiophysics
Public Works Department, N.S.W.

Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/New

Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue
of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards
users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments
thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the
Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this
information is supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’
and ‘Standards New Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give
details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn
Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of any
inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be
made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action
taken.
 AS/NZS 4188:1994

Australian/New Zealand Standard

This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Ultrasonics—Continuous-wave
Doppler systems—Test procedures

First publi shed as Joint Standard AS/NZS 4188:1994

PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY:

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia

STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Level 10, Standards House,
155 The Terrace,
Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7262 8853 5
 ii

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee
HT/17 on Ultrasonic Medical Equipment and issued as a Joint Standard under the terms of the Active
Cooperation Agreement between Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand.

This Standard is identical with and has been reproduced from IEC 1206:1993, Ultrasonics—
Continuous-wave Doppler Systems—Test procedures.

Under arrangements made between Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand and ISO/IEC, as well
as certain other Standards organizations, users of this Standard are advised that the number of this
Standard is not reproduced on each page; its identity is shown only on the cover and title page.
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For the purpose of this Standard, the IEC text should be modified as follows:

(a) Terminology The words ‘this Australian/New Zealand Standard’ should replace the word ‘this
International Standard’ wherever they appear.

(b) Decimal marker Substitute a full point for a comma where it appears as a decimal marker.

(c) References The references to international Standards should be replaced by references to the
following Australian or Joint Australian/New Zealand Standards:

Reference to International Standard Australian/New Zealand Standard

or other publication
IEC AS/NZS
1102 Measurement and characterisation of —
ultrasonic fields using hydrophones in
the frequency range 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz

The term ‘informative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the annex to which
it applies. An ‘informative’ annex is only for information and guidance.

 Copyri ght STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Users of Standards are reminded that copyri ght subsists in all Standards Austr alia and Standards New Zealand publications and
soft ware. Except where the Copyri ght Act all ows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by
Standards Australi a or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced, stored in a retri eval system in any form or tr ansmit ted by any
means without pri or permission in wri ti ng fr om Standards Australi a or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditi onal on an
appropri ate royalty payment. Austr alian requests for permission and information on commercial software royalti es should be directed
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Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers
of the Standard without payment of a royalt y or advice to Standards Australi a or Standards New Zealand.
Inclusion of copyri ght materi al in computer software programs is also permitt ed without royalty payment provided such
programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edit ion of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.
The use of material in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in
commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia or Standards New
Zealand at any ti me.
 iii

CONTENTS

SECTION 1: GENERAL

Clause Page
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Normative reference .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. ..... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Definitions . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Symbols . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 3

SECTION 2: OVERALL TESTS OF COMPLETE SYSTEMS

2.1 General considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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2.1.1 Types of Doppler ultrasound systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1.2 Worst case conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Initial conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2.1 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2.2 Test frequency, general conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.3 Working distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.4 Zero-signal noise level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Doppler frequency response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.1 Frequency response range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.2 Doppler frequency accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.3 Large-signal performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Spatial response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4.1 Axial response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4.2 Lateral response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.5 Operating frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.5.1 Acoustical measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.5.2 Electrical measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.6 Flow direction separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.6.1 Channel separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.6.2 Simultaneous flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.7 Response to Doppler spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.7.1 Volume-flow circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.7.2 Maximum-frequency followers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

SECTION 3: SPECIAL DOPPLER TEST OBJECTS

3.1 Doppler test objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 12
3.1.1 String Doppler test object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 12
3.1.2 Band Doppler test object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. 14
3.1.3 Disk Doppler test object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 14
3.1.4 Piston Doppler test object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 15
3.1.5 Small ball test object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . 15
3.1.6 Flow Doppler test object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. 15
3.1.7 Water tank (or gel block) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. 16

Annexes
A Description of continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
B Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
C Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

(PAGE iv IN THE HARD COPY IS BLANK)

 1

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian/New Zealand Standard

Ultrasonics—Continuous-wave Doppler systems—Test procedures

SECTION 1: GENERAL

1.1 Scope

This technical report describes:

– test methods for measuring the performance of continuous-wave ultrasonic Doppler

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flowmeters, velocimeters, or foetal heart detectors;

– special Doppler test objects for determining various performance properties of

Doppler ultrasound systems.

This technical report applies to:

– tests made on an overall Doppler ultrasound system; a system which is not

disassembled or disconnected;

– tests made on continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound systems. The same tests can
be applied to Doppler ultrasound systems which measure position as well as velocity,
such as pulsed and frequency-modulated Doppler systems, although additional tests
may then be required.

Electrical safety and acoustic output are not covered in this technical report

1.2 Normative reference

The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this technical report. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was
valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
technical report are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of
currently valid International Standards.

IEC 1102:1991, Measurement and characterisation of ultrasonic fields using hydrophones

in the frequency range 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz

1.3 Definitions

For the purposes of this technical report, the following definitions apply:

1.3.1 direction sensing; directional: Descriptor of a type of Doppler ultrasound

system which indicates whether scatterers are approaching or receding from the ultrasonic
transducer.

COPYRIGHT
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AS/NZS 4188:1994, Ultrasonics - Continuous-wave

Doppler systems - Test procedures
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