Cu trc OTN, chun G.

709 v kh nng tng cng nng lc mng

Tc gi: Trn i Dng n v: Phng KTNV-H, Cng ty Vin thng Lin tnh, 30 ng Phm Hng, T lim, H ni Lin lc: dungtd.vtn@vnpt.vn Tm tt ni dung Cu trc Mng Truyn ti Quang (OTN, Optical Transport Network) vi cc giao din chun G.709 ni ln nh mt phng thc hu hiu gip tng nng lc truyn ti v nng lc qun tr mng. y cng l tin cho vic hi t cc mng IP v DWDM, cho php gim bt cc lp mng, tin thm mt bc na trong ti u ha nng lc truyn ti v tng cng nng lc qun tr. Nh s tch hp ny, tnh thng minh ca lp IP s c kt hp trc tip vi nhng tnh nng u vit ca mng DWDM do G.709 mang li nh kh nng gim st v bo v ng truyn tin cy, cht lng cao ca tn hiu. y s l mt m bo chc chn cho li nhun ca cc nh vn hnh mng v cung cp dch v. T vit tt ASTN BER DWDM GFP IP MPLS OAM OCh ODU OMS OTS OPU OTN OTU ROADM xGbE TDM Mng truyn ti t ng chuyn mch T l li bit K thut ghp knh quang mt cao Giao thc ng khung tng qut Giao thc Internet Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc Vn hnh, qun tr, bo dng Knh quang Khi d liu knh quang Phn on ghp knh quang Phn on truyn dn quang Khi ti trng knh quang Mng Truyn ti Quang Khi truyn ti quang Thit b xen/r quang c th thay i cu hnh Ghp knh theo thi gian

Automatic Switched Transport Network Bit Error Ratio Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Generic Framing Procedure Internet Protocol Multiprotocol Label Switching Operations, Administration & Maintenance Optical Channel Optical Data Unit Optical Multiplex Section Optical Transmission Section Optical Payload Unit Optical Transport Network Optical Transport Unit Reconfigurable OADM (1, 10, 100)Gigabit Ethernet Time Division Multiplexing

S thay i trong cu trc mng vin thng Trc thi im pht trin bng n ca Internet, cc mng truyn ti SDH/quang truyn thng c s dng rng ri cung cp dch v thoi chuyn knh. Kh nng cung cp ng truyn dung lng ln, cht lng cao ca knh quang v kh bo v ng truyn mt cch tin cy ca SDH gp phn vo s thnh cng ca cc mng truyn ti SDH/quang. Tuy nhin, do c ti u ha p ng nhu cu ca dch v thoi chuyn knh, cc mng ny t ra khng thch hp cho cc dch v chuyn gi, c bit l cc dch v truyn s liu bng rng v video. Khi thy, SDH c pht trin h tr cc dch v bng thng cp thp ti cc tc E1 v cp cao n tc VC-3 v VC-4. N khng c ti u ha cung cp cc ng ng truyn ti c tc vt qu 150 Mbit/s, v d cho cc dch v 1, 2,5, v 10 Gbit/s. Nhc im ca SDH cng tr nn r hn khi cng ngh DWDM c a vo p ng bng thng cho s pht trin bng n ca Internet v cc dch v trn nn IP: do c thit k cho cc h thng quang n knh nn SDH khng h tr qun tr n tng bc sng DWDM. Hn na, SDH ch c cc c ch bo v ring ch khng bo v mesh theo ng ngha ca mng.

Tht khng may l khi thy cc h thng DWDM li khng c c bt k kh nng bo v v qun l ring no m vn phi da vo SDH. Nguyn nhn su xa l cho ti gi cng ngh quang ton (optical computing) vn cha tr thnh hin thc c th tnh ton v lu tr s liu di dng quang. Vi vic a vo khai thc cc mng quang th h mi m cc phn t mng l cc ROADM kt ni nhau theo cu hnh mesh nh trn Hnh 1, r rng l SDH t ra ui sc trong cc nhim v qun tr v bo v mng.

Hnh 1. Mng quang th h sau: mng mesh ROADM

Nh vy hai cu hi c t ra l: 1. V nng lc truyn ti: lm th no cung cp cc ng ng truyn ti c dung lng t 1 Gbit/s tr ln? 2. V nng lc qun tr: Lm th no, d vn phi da vo in ton, mng DWDM tr nn thng minh hn, ngha l c cc c ch gim st cht lng v bo v ti tng bc sng (knh quang), v hn na trong c cc cu hnh mng mesh? Phn cn li ca bi vit s gii thiu v cu trc Mng Truyn ti Quang (OTN) v cng vi n l khuyn ngh G.709 - Cc giao tip ca nt mng trong cu trc OTN - do ITU-T xut, mt trong nhng gii php cho hai vn ny. G.709 gii quyt vn truyn ti v qun tr mng Cc giao tip ca chun G.709 xp d liu cn truyn ti, tc l cc d liu khch (client data), vo cc khung, cn c gi l cc "b ng gi s (digital wrapper), mt khi nim nh khung ca SDH. Trong mi khung, ng trc phn ti trng mang d liu khch l cc thng tin qun tr (v ng trc nn nhng thng tin ny c gi l cc mo hoc mo u), v ng sau l mt m sa sai FEC. S dng cc thng tin mo u, cc h thng qun tr mng c th thit lp rt nhanh mt knh quang mi trn mng mesh, v d dng thc hin gim st cht lng knh, cht lng mng v dch v, cng nh bo dng thit b v h thng. Kt hp vi cc chun mng truyn ti chuyn mch t ng (Automatic Switched Transport Network), vic bo v v phc hi ng truyn lp DWDM c th thc hin c theo cu hnh mesh.

Vn nng lc truyn ti Cu trc cc khung d liu ca G.709 c th hin nh trn Hnh 2, vi dung lng ca cc khung c xy dng trn c s cc tc truyn dn bc cao ca h thng truyn dn SDH.

Hnh 2. Cu trc khung khung G.709

Cc khung d liu G.709 cng c th bc tng t nh th bc ca SDH, t 2,5 Gbit/s (STM16) cho n 40 Gbit/s (STM-256); ngoi ra cn c thm hai loi khung h tr cho Gigabit Ethernet, v nh vy gii quyt c vn cung cp cc ng ng truyn ti vi dung lng ln: OTU0: 1 Gbit/s Ethernet, GbE, OTU1: 2,5 Gbit/s, STM-16, OTU2: 10 Gbit/s, STM-64, OTU3: 40 Gbit/s, STM-256, OTU4: 100 Gbit/s Ethernet, 100 GbE. Mc d cc khung G.709 c thit k da trn th bc tc truyn ca SDH, nhng phn ti trng ca khung li khng ph thuc vo bt k mt giao thc tn hiu no. V vy cc tn hiu khc nhau, v d nh IP/MPLS, ATM, xGbE, v c SDH u c th c ng gi vo phn ti trng. Chnh tnh nng u vit ny khin cho chun G.709 tr thnh mt la chn tt cho mng truyn ti quang v n gip truyn ti trong sut nhiu loi d liu t thoi, s liu cho ti video vi cng mt cu trc khung, trong khi vn m bo cc tham s cht lng, qun l v gim st c trng cho tng loi tn hiu v dch v. Vn nng lc qun tr Ngoi phn ti trng, mi khung G.709 u cn c thm mo u vn hnh v qun tr (OAM overhead), v m sa sai FEC. Phn mo u OAM n lt n li c chia thnh ba phn mo OTU, ODU, v OPU. Ngoi ra cn c cc lp quang OCh, OMS v OTS vi cc mo tng ng cung cp d liu cho knh gim st quang OSC. Qu trnh np d liu khch vo khung v chn cc mo tng ng c th hin nh trn Hnh 3a). Hnh 3b) th hin cc phn khc ca mng truyn ti quang tng ng vi cc mo qun tr: Mo chuyn ti quang (OTU, Optical Transport Unit): tnh ton BIP, Trail Trace ID,

Mo d liu quang (ODU, Optical Data Unit): cha cc thng tin v ghp knh, chuyn mch bo v, gim st u-cui ng truyn, gim st kt ni ni tip, BIP gim st cht lng tn hiu, tn hiu bo dng, knh d liu nghip v,

Mo ti trng knh quang (OPU, Optical Payload Unit): cha cc thng tin v nh x (mapping) v kt ni (concatenation) d liu khch.

a)

b) Hnh 3. Np d liu khch vo khung v chn cc mo tng ng a) Cc phn khc ca mng truyn ti quang b)

Cu trc qun tr linh hot ca G.709 mang li rt nhiu li ch. u tin n gip qun tr (tc l cung cp cc tnh nng gim st, qun l v iu khin) n tng bc sng ca mng DWDM, iu khng th lm vi SDH. Th hai, do vic vn hnh, qun tr v bo dng (OAM) c thc hin n tn u cui trn cng mt khung, G.709 cho php qun tr mt mng li gm cc thit b ca nhiu nh cung cp. Th ba l m sa sai FEC cho php tng thm khong cch truyn, gim thiu s lng thit b cn thit cho cc mng truyn dn ng di. Khi mng truyn ti chuyn sang cc tc cao hn, FEC s tr nn ngy cng quan trng. C ch m v gii m tn hiu ny cho php pht hin v sa li trong qu trnh truyn d liu trn

mng. Nhng li ny c th xy ra do suy yu tn hiu, do nhiu xuyn knh, do tn sc (CD) hoc tn phn cc (PMD), hoc do cc iu kin bt thng khc. Ngoi vic sa li, FEC cng c kh nng cnh bo sm s xung cp ca tn hiu. Kh nng ny rt quan trng v n cho php ch ng thc hin cc bin php phng trc khi ng truyn c th b sp hon ton. G.709 v vn hi t cc mng IP v DWDM Kh nng ca G.709 gii quyt tt hai vn lin quan n nng lc truyn dn v qun tr mng l tin cho php loi b lp SDH trung gian v tch hp cc giao din G.709 vo cc thit b nh tuyn IP. Xu hng hi t ny ang din ra mt cch mnh m v c th nhn thy c trn cc thit b nh tuyn ca ALU, Juniper, Cisco Vic hi t IP/DWDM cung cp nhng li ch ng k cho cc nh vn hnh mng v cung cp dch v. iu nhn thy trc tin l c th tit kim c mt cch ng k chi ph u t (CapEx) v chi ph vn hnh (OpEx) bng cch loi b c rt nhiu thit b chuyn tip SDH (SDH transponder) v cc ng cp kt ni, gim thiu khng gian phng my v ngun in, gim thiu chi ph cho iu ha nhit nh trn Hnh 3, v cc chi ph qun l khc.

Hnh 4. Tch hp giao din G.709 vo thit b nh tuyn IP s loi b c thit b chuyn tip SDH

Li ch tip theo l vic tch hp cc giao din qun l c tiu chun ha ca G.709 vo cc thit b nh tuyn IP cn to iu kin cho vic tch hp cc tnh nng qun tr mng IP v mng chuyn ti quang DWDM vo cng mt h thng. Nh vy, t mt h thng qun tr mng IP c th qun tr c c thit b ca mng DWDM. iu ny to ra s linh hot trong vic thit k cc kch bn phc hi mng da trn kh nng phi hp thng sut gia cc c ch bo v ca hai mng, do c th ti u ha vic s dng bng thng ca mng. Cch tip cn ny s to ra c ch mt ca n gin ho cc th tc v ct ngn thi gian kin to cc dch v mi, nng cao h s sn sng v hiu sut s dng ca mng li, gim st n tn u-cui hiu nng ca mng v cht lng dch v.

Kt lun Trn phng din k thut, cu trc OTN v chun G.709 cho php: nng cao nng lc truyn ti bng cc khung c dung lng truyn ln v kh nng truyn trong sut, nng cao nng lc qun tr thng qua kh nng qun l u-cui n tng bc sng, tng khong cch truyn dn nh s dng FEC, hi t mng IP v DWDM gip gim thiu cc lp mng, tch hp qun tr mng IP v DWDM, ti u ha thm mt bc nng lc truyn ti v nng lc qung tr mng.

Hnh 5. Li nhun do OTN, G.709 v s hi t IP/DWDM mang li

Trn phng din li nhun, Hnh 5 m t khi qut m hnh tng li nhun do OTN v G.709 mang li. Vic gim thiu hoc loi b c cc b chuyn tip SDH trong qu trnh hi t IP v DWDM cho php tit kim c CapEx v OpEx. Cc h thng qun tr tch hp cho php qun tr mng v dch v theo c ch mt ca, nhanh hn chnh xc hn, gim thiu c thi gian kin to cc dch v mi, nng cao cht lng dch v v nh li ko thm c khch hng. C ba yu t ny c phn nh vo li nhun cui cng ca nh vn hnh mng v cung cp dch v.