SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

Process Centered Methodologies : Focuses on the processes involved Data Centered Methodologies : Focuses first on defining the contents of the data storage containers and how the contents are organized Object-Oriented Methodologies : Attempt to balance the focus between processes and data

Based on time and effort devoted 1. STRUCTURED DESIGN

Designed in 1980s Waterfall Development:

Advantages: System requirements identified long before programming. Changes are minimized.

Disadvantages: Design must be completed specified before Programming Long elapses between the phases. If project team misses ,expensive post implementation methodologies are required.

Parallel Development : Fig

Advantages: Scheduled time is shortened Less chance of rework

Disadvantages: Subprojects suffer integration problems

2. RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT(RAD)

Developed in 1990s Users can suggest revisions

Phased Development

Advantages: Quickly getting a useful system into the hands of the users. Users can identify important additional requirements easily

Disadvantages: Users begin to work with intentionally incompletely system

Prototyping

Planning Analysis

Design
Implementation

System prototype

Implementation

System

Throwaway Prototyping

Planning Design Analysis

Design
Implementation

Design prototype

Implementation

System

3. AGILE DEVELOPMENT
Extreme programming :

Four Core Values

Communication Simplicity Feedback Courage Three basic Principles : Continuous testing Simple coding performed by pairs of developers Close interaction with end users

Planning Analysis System

Design
Implementation

SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

1. Clarity of user requirements
2. Familiarity with technology 3. System Complexity 4. System Reliability 5. Short time Schedules

6. Schedule Visibility

PROJECT TEAM SKILLS AND ROLES

1. Business Analyst : Analyzing the key business aspects of the system Identify how the system will provide business value designing the new business processes and policies 2. Systems Analyst : Identify how technology can improve business processes Designing the new business processes Designing the information system Ensuring that the system conforms to information system standards 3. Infrastructure Analyst : Ensuring the system conforms to infrastructure standards Identifying infrastructure changes needed to support the system

4. Change Management Analyst : Developing and executing a change management plan Developing and executing a user training plan 5. Project manager : Managing the team of analysts, programmers, technical writers, and other specialists Developing and monitoring the project plan Assigning resources Serving as the primary point of contact for the project.

FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEM ANALYST

1. To analyze business systems with problems and to design new or modified systems to solve those problems 2. To develop business systems to meet new information or operational needs 3. To prepare and maintain manuals to communicate company policies and procedures 4. To design the various business forms used to collect data and to distribute information 5. To perform records management, including the distribution and use of reports 6. To participate in the selection of information processing equipment and to establish standards for equipment selection 7. To prepare and maintain business organization charts.