cng g

Cu 1: (2.5 ) Nu u nhc im ca c cu sinh lc kp bng bnh lch tm, thu lc v

kh nn, chm? .................................................................................................1
Cu 2: (2,5 ) Trnh by nguyn tc 6 im khi nh v chi tit ?................2
Cu 3: (2.0 ) Trnh by khi nim, c im, cng dng ca cc chi tit in hnh trn g
phay?..................................................................................................................3
Cu 4: (2,5 ) Nu v phn tch cc nh v thng s dng khi chun l mt phng. V v
cho v d ............................................................................................................3
Cu 5: (2,0 )Nu v phn tch cc nh v thng s dng khi chun l mt tr trong. V
v cho v d . ....................................................................................................6
Cu 7: (2.0) Th no l nh v hon ton, nh vi khng hon ton v siu nh v? Cho VD
............................................................................................................................8
Cu 8: (2,5 )Trnh by cc phng php g t chi tit gia cng? Ti sao khi s dng g
chuyn dng li cho nng sut cao v cht lng sn phm n nh hn? 8
Cu 9: (2,5 ) Trnh by muc ch s dng ca g.Ti sao khi s dng g chuyn dng
li khng cn n phng php ct th v r g trong qu trnh gia cng ?9
Cu 10: Trnh by c im, cng dng ca cng c dn hng dng c ct in hnh trong
qu trnh gia cng?
..........................................................9
Cu 11: Trnh by mc ch v yu cu ca c cu kp cht trong qu trnh gia cng c.......10
Cu 12: Trnh by c im cng dng ca cc c cu in hnh trong g:........................10
Cu 13: Trnh t thit k g?....................................................................10
Cu 14: Nu c im cng dng ca cc chi tit nh v trn g tin? 10
Cu 15: Nu c im cng dng ca cc chi tit nh v trn g khoan?11
Cu 16: Nu v phn tch cc nh v khi chun nh v l mt tr ngoi. V v nu v d
minh ha?........................................................................................................12

Cu 1: (2.5 ) Nu u nhc im ca c cu sinh lc kp bng bnh lch tm, thu lc v kh

nn, chm?
a) Banh lch tm:
1

 u im:
- Kep nhanh do hanh trinh ngn
- Kt cu n gian, ko cn cac thit bi phu tr
Nhc im
- Lc kep yu chi bng 1/5 ren vit
- Tinh van nng kem so vi kep cht bng ren vit.
- Tinh t ham kem hn so vi ren vit.
b) Kep bng chem.:
u im:
- Kt cu n gian.
- Co tinh t ham
- Chm c dung phi hp vi cac c cu khac nh hi ep, du ep, on byvi hanh
trinh cua chm thng.
nhc im
- lc kep co han do no thng c dung trong san xut nho hoc phn xng sa
cha.
c) Kep bng thuy lc khi nen:
u im
- Truyn ng bng khi nen thuy lc nhm muc ich phong ai lc kep, n inh tc
chuyn ng, nguyn ly hoat ng cua c cu la dung khi nen y piston ri dung
piston nay tac dung vao bung kin cha du thuy lc phong ai thuy lc ln nhiu
ln.
- Dung khi nen re tin
- Nng cao nng sut lao ng, giam bt thi gian kep va thao lp chi tit
- Giam nhe sc lao ng cua cng nhn trong qua trinh kep cht va thao lp trc tip
- Lc kep u ln u va co th kim tra, iu chinh d dang trong qua trinh lam vic.
- Co th kep 1 luc nhiu chi tit, co th kep cht nhiu chi tit trn ga iu khin
thng nht, t xa, co kha nng t ng hoa
Nhc im
- Kt cu phc tap
- Khi nen co ap lc thp, cng vng kep cht khng ln nn vi chi tit hang nng it
dung.
- Phai co cac trang bi phu nh van, binh loc khi, n inh tc , ap lcect
Cu 2: (2,5 ) Trnh by nguyn tc 6 im khi nh v chi tit ?
Theo c hc mt chi tit c su bc
trong h ta cc hinh v:
6 bc t do l: ba chuyn ng tnh tin
oy, oz v ba chuyn ng xoay quanh
cho thy 6 bc t do ny b hn ch bi
mi im hn ch 1 bc t do. Do
phi cn n 6 im ny. Cc im ny
mt phng vung gc vi nhau. Cc
trong mt phng xoy hn ch 3 bc t
2

t do, ta t n
dc theo cc trc ox,
cc trc . Hinh v
6 im hay 6 cht ti,
hn ch 6 bc t do
c b tr trong 3
im 1, 2, 3 nm
do: tnh tin theo

phng z, xoay quanh phng oy v ox. Cc im 4, 5 nm trong mt phng yoz hn ch tip 2

bc t do na: tnh tin theo ox, xoay quanh oz. im 6 nm trong mt phng zox hn ch nt 1
bc t do cn li: tnh tin theo phng oy. Cc lc kp W1 ,W, W2 ( c th ch cn 1 lc kp
trong ) c tc dng y chi tit vo st cht t cc mt phng v gi cho chi tit khng b
xe dch di tc dng ca lc ct.
Cu 3: (2.0 ) Trnh by khi nim, c im, cng dng ca cc chi tit in hnh trn g
phay?
Cac chi tit inh vi trn ga phay gm:
a) Khi b mt inh vi la mt phng thi s dung chi tit inh vi la cht ti va phin ti co dang
nh hinh ve :

Tac dung: mi cht ti han ch mt bc t do theo phng tinh tin va kt hp vi cht ti

khac han ch bc t do quay.
b) Khi b mt inh vi la mt tru ngoai thi s dung khi V, mm cp 3 chu hoc ng kep
an hi.
u im khi V la inh tm tt, tc la ng tm cua mt tru inh vi cua chi tit am bao
trung vi mt phng i xng cua 2 mt nghing lam vic cua khi V, khng bi anh
hng cua dung sai kich thc ng kinh mt tru ngoai. Khi V co th inh vi c
nhng chi tit co ng kinh khac nhau. Khi V gm khi V ngn va dai. Khi V ngn
han ch c 2 bc t do, khi V dai han ch 4 bc t do.
- Mm cp 3 chu la c cu inh vi van nng co kha nng iu chinh trong 1 pham vi kha
rng tuy theo kich thc b mt chun inh vi thay i, mm cp la c cu inh vi nhng
ng thi cung la c cu kep cht.
- ng kep an hi: La c cu t inh tm co kha nng inh tm cao hn mm cp 3 chu.
Vt liu ch tao thng bng thep 20X, 40X, Y7A, Y10ACac b mt cua chung phai
c ti cng at cng 45-50 HRC
c) Khi b mt inh vi la mt tru trong: ta dung cht ga, truc ga.
Cu 4: (2,5 ) Nu v phn tch cc nh v thng s dng khi chun l mt phng. V v
cho v d .
A) Cht t:
a) cht t c nh:
Cht t c nh dng nh v khi chun l mt phng gm c 3 loi: nh v mt th, mt
tinh, hoc lp thng qua bc lt.
3

Cht t c D < 12 mm c lm bng thp cacbon dng c C = 0.7- 0.8% v c ti cng 5060 HRC. Khi D > 12mm c th ch to bng thp cacbon hm lng 0.15-0.2% v ti cng sau
khi thm cacbon t cng 50-60 HRC
S cht t c dng mt mt chun nh v bng s bc t do m n cn hn ch :

b) Cht t iu chnh : c dng khi b mt lm chun ca chi tit l chun th, c sai s v
hnh dng v kch thc tng quan thay i nhiu. Kt cu cht t iu chnh nh sau:
- u 6 cnh dng c l iu chnh.

- Cht u trn

c) Cht t t la

c dng khi mt phng nh v l chun th hoc mt bc, mt lm vic ca cht t t la

lun lun tip xc vi mt chun, ng thi tng cng vng ca chi tit v gim p
lc trn b mt ca cc im t.
d) Cht t ph: Khng tham gia nh v chi tit m c tc dng nng cao cng vng ca chi
tit gia cng.

B) Phin t:
L chi tit nh v khi chun l mt phng c gia cng c din tch thch hp ( kch thc
trung bnh v ln). V kt cu, phin t c 3 loi:
- Phin t phng n gin, d ch tao, c cng vng tt nhug kh lm sch phoi
v cc l bt vt lm xung, thng lp trn cc mt phng ng

- Phin t c rnh nghing s dng thun tin cho vic lm sch, bo qun nhng ch
to tn km hn cc loi khc

- Phin t bc: B mt lm vic d qut sch phoi v lm sch do c rnh lm t 12mm, v chiu rng B ln nn kh g t trong g, t dng hn.

Vt liu lm phin t: thp cacbon c hm lng 0.15-0.2% ti sau khi thm

cacbon t cng 55-60 HRC mi bng t Ra 0.63-0.25 v c tiu chun ha.

Cu 5: (2,0 )Nu v phn tch cc nh v thng s dng khi chun l mt tr trong. V v

cho v d .
Khi nh v mt tr trong ta c th dng cc chi tit nh v: cht g, cc loi trc g
A) Cc loi cht g:
-

Cht tr di: dng cht tr di c kh nng hn ch 4 bc t do. V kt cu

chiu di phn lm vic L ca cht s tip xc vi l chun D c t s L/D > 1.5.

Nu phi hp khong nh v chi tit th mt phng ch c hn ch 1 bc t do.

- Cht tr ngn: c kh nng hn ch 2 bc t do tnh tin theo 2 chiu vung gc

vi tm cht. L/D < 0.33-0.35.
- Cht trm: hn ch 1 bc t do
- Cht cn: gm cht cn cng v cht cn ty ng:
+Cht cn cng: hn ch 3 bc t do tnh tin
+Cht cn ty ng tng ng vi 2 im hn ch 2 bc t do. Cht cn ty ng
dng khi chun nh v l chun th nhm mc ch b mt cn lm vic ca cht cn
lun lun tip xc vi l trong 1 lot phi c ch to bng cch c, rn, t
B) Cc loi trc g:
- Trc g hnh tr: L chi tit nh v g t chi tit gia cng trn my tin, phay, mi khi
chun l l tr gia cng tinh. Chiu di lm vic L/D > 0.5 hn ch 4 bc t do ( kt hp vi vai
cht hn ch 1 bc t do).
- Truc ga cn: do truc ga hinh tru lp co khe h, nn khi gia cng nhng chi tit bac trn may
tin hoc may mai tron ngoai, kha nng inh tm thp. Vi vy khc phuc tinh trang o ngi
ta dung truc ga cn vi goc cn t 3-5 . Truc ga cn co tac dung kh. khe h va co kha nng
truyn momen xon kha ln tuy nhin vic thao chi tit ra khoi truc khng phai d dang. Khi
gia cng cac chi tit co ng kinh l chun khac nhau nhiu, giam s lng truc ga cn ch
tao ta dung truc ga cn di ng.

- Truc ga an hi: Khi gia cng cac bac thanh mong trn may tin, may mai tron ngoai tranh
bin dang do lc kep gy ra ta dung truc ga an hi, loai nay co kha nng t inh tm tt t
0.01-0.02 mm, lc kep ng u.
7

Cu 7: (2.0) Th no l nh v hon ton, nh vi khng hon ton v siu nh v? Cho VD

- nh v hon ton: L c nh tt c cc bc t do ca chi tit.

- nh v khng hon ton l nh v khng c nh ht cc bc t do ca chi tit.

V d khi nh v mt chi tit trn xoay trn khi ch V, hn ch 4 bc t do.
- Siu nh v: L khi mt chi tit gia cng c nh v trn my m trong s cc bc
t do nh v t nhin li c nh v thm mt ln na gi l siu nh v.
Siu nh v thng nhm mc ch tng
vng cho kt cu ca chi tit cn gia cng.
nhin trong mt s trng hp th khi lc
dng vo th n li gy ra sai s cho chi
cng. Do trong cc trng hp nh vy
ta thng nh v bng cch t la hoc

cng
Tuy
ct
tc
tit
gia
th ngi
tu ng.

Cu 8: (2,5 )Trnh by cc phng php g t chi tit gia cng? Ti sao khi s dng g
chuyn dng li cho nng sut cao v cht lng sn phm n nh hn?
a) Thng thng c 3 phng php g t chi tit gia cng:
-

R g theo b mt: cng nhn

R g theo ng vch du sn.

G t chi tit trn g.

b) S dng g chuyn dng co u im:

- m bo chnh xc gia cng, gim bt ph phm. chnh xc t c khi gia cng hu
nh khng ph thuc vo trnh tay ngh cng nhn ng my v chiu dy lp phoi b nht
c th ct c bi v lng d gia cng theo phng php ny s ln hn b dy lp phoi b
nht c th ct c. (Khng cn cng nhn c tay ngh cao nhng cn th iu chnh my
gii).
- Ch cn ct mt ln l t kch thc yu cu, do nng sut cao.
- Nng cao hiu qu kinh t.
8

Cu 9: (2,5 ) Trnh by muc ch s dng ca g.Ti sao khi s dng g chuyn dng li
khng cn n phng php ct th v r g trong qu trnh gia cng ?
a) Cc phng php g t chi tit gia cng:
- Phng php r g:
C hai trng hp r g trc tip trn my v r g theo vch du c sn.
Theo phng php ny cng nhn c th dng mt cng cc dng c nh bn r, mi r ng
h o, cc h thng ng knh quang hc xc nh v tr ca chi tit so vi bn my hay vi
dng c ct.
Phng php r g thng c dng trong sn xut n chic hay lot nh hoc trong nhng
trng hp phi qu th.
- Phng php t ng t kch thc:
Theo phng php ny d c ct c v tr tng quan c nh vi vt gia cng ( v tr c
iu chnh) v tr ny c bo m c nh nh cc c cu nh v ca g. Khi gia cng
theo phng php ny my v dao c iu chnh sn.
b) Khi dng g chuyn dng cho nng sut cao hn v:
- m bo chnh xc gia cng, gim bt ph phm. chnh xc t c khi gia cng hu
nh khng ph thuc vo trnh tay ngh cng nhn ng my v chiu dy lp phoi b nht
c th ct c bi v lng d gia cng theo phng php ny s ln hn b dy lp phoi b
nht c th ct c. (Khng cn cng nhn c tay ngh cao nhng cn th iu chnh my
gii).
- Ch cn ct mt ln l t kch thc yu cu, do nng sut cao.
- Nng cao hiu qu kinh t.
Cu 10: Trnh by c im, cng dng ca cng c dn hng dng c ct in hnh trong qu
trnh gia cng?
a) Bc dn hng:
- Cng dng ca bc dn hng dng dn hng trc tip cho dcc.
- c im ca bc dn :
+ c lp trn phin dn, phin dn c lp trn v, thn g.
+ bc dn hng phi c ch to bng vt liu c cng, tnh chu mi mn cao
hn dcc.
+ cht lng b mt bn trong ca bc t Ra = 1.250.63m.
+ khi lp ghp vi g th ch lp ghp l A/n ( lp cht).
C cc loi bc dn nh: bc c nh, bc dn thay i chm, bc thay nhanh, bc dn
xoay.
b) Phin dn:
- Cng dng ca phin dn: dng lp cc bc dn.
- c im ca phin dn: Vi cac l tm bac dn co vi tri tng quan chinh xac so vi
cac ga inh vi cho nn sau khi a iu chinh at yu cu cn phai c inh vi tri cua
phin dn va khoan, ong 2 cht inh vi.
+ do c lp vi bc dn nn chnh xc ca n cng t
Ra = 1.250.63 micromet.
9

Cu 11: Trnh by mc ch v yu cu ca c cu kp cht trong qu trnh gia cng c.

a, Mc ch ca c cu kp cht:
- Kp cht gi cho chi tit khng bi x dch trong khi ct gt.
- m bo g dt chnh xc v nh tm chi tit gia cng, trong c cu ny n ng vai tr
l c cu nh v-kp cht. Cc c cu l cc mm cp t nh tm, cc c cu kp n
hi khc.v.v..
b, Yu cu ca c cu kp cht:
- khng c ph hng v tr nh v chi tit.
- lc kp phi ln c th gi cht chi tit khi c lc ct tc dng hoc trng lc do
khi lng chi tit gy ra, nhng cng khng c ln qu trnh lm bin dng chi tit.
- lc kp phi n nh c bit kp nhiu chi tit trn g.
- thao tc phi nhanh, oan ton khng tn sc.
- kt cu phi nh gn, bo qun d dng.
Cu 12: Trnh by c im cng dng ca cc c cu in hnh trong g:
a) C cu phn : giam thi gian tng chi tit khi gia cng tun t, cac b mt
chi tit ngi ta dung phng phap ga t 1 ln nhng gia cng nhiu vi tri nh
c cu phn . C cu phn c s dung rng rai trn cac ga phay va
khoan quay mm quay i 1 goc nao o gia cng cac b mt khac nhau 1 goc
quay. Co 3 phng phap phn la :
- phn bng cht bi
- phn bng cht cn
- phn bng cht tru.
b) C cu chp hnh: c dng gia cng cc b mt phc tp trn cc my phay,
tin, mi, bonhm cung cp thm 1 chuyn ng vung gc vi chuyn ng sn
c trn my cng c v tng hp 2 chuyn ng s to nn b mt gia cng cn
thit. C cu chp hnh cho php nng cao cht lng, nng sut gia cng. Ty vo
cc my cng c m s dng cc c cu chp hnh khc nhau nh c kh, thy lc,
in c
Cu 13: Trnh t thit k g?
1. Nghin cu bn v chi tit cng vi iu kin k thut v tnh cng ngh trong kt cu
ca n
2. Nghin cu cng ngh gia cng chi tit
3. Nghin cu s g t ca nguyn cng cn thit k g
4. Nghin cu my m trn g s c lp t
5. a ra 1 vi phng n v so snh chn 1 phng n ti u
6. Thit k cc c cu ca g phi tun theo 1 trnh t nht nh.
Cu 14: Nu c im cng dng ca cc chi tit nh v trn g tin?
- Mm cp 3 chu la c cu inh vi van nng co kha nng iu chinh trong 1 pham vi
kha rng tuy theo kich thc b mt chun inh vi thay i, mm cp la c cu inh vi
nhng ng thi cung la c cu kep cht.
10

- Mi chng tm: kt hp vi tc cp truyn m men xon. Gm mi tm cng v mi

tm ty ng:
+ Mi tm cng c lp vo l cn ca trc chnh my tin hn ch 3 bc t do tnh
tin. Mi tm lp vo sau ca my th hn ch c bc t do quay quanh trc
vung gc vi nhau v vung gc vi ng tm quay chi tit.

+S dng mi tm cng gy ra sai s nh v nh hng n kch thc chiu trc L nn

ngi ta s dng mi tm ty ng
Mi tm quay: Khi tin cao tc vi n > 1000v/p sau thng dng mi tm quay v
dng mi tm cng s gy ra mn l nh hng n chnh xc gia cng.
Cu 15: Nu c im cng dng ca cc chi tit nh v trn g khoan?
Cc chi tit nh v trn g khoan thng dng l phin t, cht t, khi V, phin dn, bc
dn, cht tr, cht chng xoay
a) Bc dn hng:
- Cng dng ca bc dn hng dng dn hng trc tip cho dcc.
- c im ca bc dn :
+ c lp trn phin dn, phin dn c lp trn v, thn g.
+ bc dn hng phi c ch to bng vt liu c cng, tnh chu mi mn cao
hn dcc.
+ cht lng b mt bn trong ca bc t Ra = 1.250.63m.
+ khi lp ghp vi g th ch lp ghp l A/n ( lp cht).
C cc loi bc dn nh: bc c nh, bc dn thay i chm, bc thay nhanh, bc dn
xoay.
b) Phin dn:
- Cng dng ca phin dn: dng lp cc bc dn.
- c im ca phin dn: Vi cac l tm bac dn co vi tri tng quan chinh xac so vi
cac ga inh vi cho nn sau khi a iu chinh at yu cu cn phai c inh vi tri cua
phin dn va khoan, ong 2 cht inh vi.
+ do c lp vi bc dn nn chnh xc ca n cng t
Ra = 1.250.63 micromet.
Cc cht t, phin t trn

11

Cu 16: Nu v phn tch cc nh v khi chun nh v l mt tr ngoi. V v nu v d minh

ha?
Bi lm
Mt s cc dng c dng nh v khi chun nh v l mt tr ngoi l:
Khi V: Dng nh v khi mt chun nh v ca chi tit l mt tr ngoi. u im khi
nh v bng khi V y l nh tm tt tc l ng tm ca mt tr nh v ca chi tit m
bo trng vi mt phng i xng ca hai mt nghing ca khi V, khng b nh hng bi
dung sai, kch thc ng knh mt tr ngoi.
Khi V di ( L D 1,5 ): Tng ng vi bn im tip xc v hn ch bn bc t
do.
Khi V ngn ( L D 1,5 ): Tng ng vi hai im tip xc v hn ch hai bc t
do.
Mm cp: L c cu nh v vn nng c kh nng iu chnh trong mt phm vi kh rng
ty theo kch thc b mt chun nh v thay i. Mm cp l c cu nh v nhng ng
thi cng l c cu kp cht.
ng kp n hi: y l c cu t nh tm c kh nng nh tm cao hn mm cp

12