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SAA/SNZ MP741996

Miscellaneous Publication

Strategies for the development of

standards for digital video and
associated services

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STRATEGIES FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF
STANDARDS FOR
DIGITAL VIDEO AND
ASSOCIATED
SERVICES
SAA/SNZ MP74:1996

PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY:

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
1 THE CRESCENT
HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 AUSTRALIA
STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND
LEVEL 10 STANDARDS HOUSE

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155 THE TERRACE

WELLINGTON 6001 NEW ZEALAND
ISBN 0 7337 0269 4

PREFACE

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This strategy document was prepared by a Task Group established by the Joint
Australia/New Zealand Electrotechnology Standards Policy Board and the document is
published under the Boards auspices. The Digital Video Services Task Group was
established to investigate the Standards and standards development strategies necessary
for the delivery of open-access digital video services
The document was prepared, inter alia, to highlight the role Standards can play in overcoming
the pitfalls of engaging in the piecemeal development of what will ultimately become a very
complex delivery system for many services, some as yet unknown. It proposes a series of
steps which Australia and New Zealand need to take to ensure that adequate Standards
processes are in place to support the wide range of digital services that are foreseen. The
document emphasises that appropriate and effective Standards are fundamental to the
realization of the full range of commercial and entertainment benefits which are perceived as
possible with the emerging digital communications technologies.
While the work was started in Australia and New Zealand without the benefit of the full
knowledge of the work which was going on in other groups in other parts of the world, the
model of the service delivery system which has now emerged matches very closely the
models which had been developed elsewhere. In addition, the strategy document draws
heavily on the overseas Standards that have already been developed, in the digital television
context. This alignment with international Standards development accords with Australias
commitment to the Technical Barriers to Trade Code of the World Trade Organisation.
The strategy document is presented to act as a guide for standards implementation in
Australia and New Zealand, with the confidence that the direction proposed is closely aligned
with the developments in other countries yet that it is flexible enough to accommodate as yet
unknown services.

Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/ STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software. Except where the
Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia or Standards
New Zealand. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Australian requests for permission and information on commercial
software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand.
Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without
payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand.
Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is also permitted without royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively
in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or
revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is
subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at any time.

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SAA/SNZ MP74:1996

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CONTENTS
1. SUMMARY........................................................................................................

1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................

1.1.1 Objectives for Future Digital Video Services Standards Development .........
1.1.2 Government Support for Standards.............................................................
1.1.3 The Reference Model ..................................................................................
1.1.4 Urgent Standards Requirements..................................................................

7
7
8
9
9

1.2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................

12

1.3 PRINCIPLES TO FOLLOW.............................................................................

16

1.4 TECHNICAL STANDARD RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................

17

2. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE DVSTG .................................................

21

2.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE................................................................................

21

2.2 PURPOSE OF THE STRATEGY DOCUMENT...............................................

22

3. POLICY BACKGROUND AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ...........

23

3.1 AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY AND OBJECTIVES ..................... 23

3.1.1 Post-1997 Telecommunications Policy Framework .................................... 23
3.1.2 Post-1997 Technical Regulation ................................................................ 24
3.1.3 Government Objectives relating to Digital Video Services ......................... 24
3.2 NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT POLICY..................................................

24

3.3 UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ...

3.3.1 Australia ...................................................................................................
3.3.2 New Zealand..............................................................................................

25
25
26

3.4 REVIEW OF OTHER NATIONS APPROACHES ......................................... 26

3.4.1 Europe....................................................................................................... 26
3.4.2 United Kingdom ........................................................................................ 27
3.4.3 United States of America ........................................................................... 28
3.4.4 Canada...................................................................................................... 28
3.4.5 Japan ........................................................................................................ 29
4. ANALYSIS OF ISSUES....................................................................................

31

4.1 END USER ...................................................................................................... 31

4.1.1 General ..................................................................................................... 31
4.1.2 Issues of Access, Universality and Equity .................................................. 33
4.1.3 Interactivity and Bidirectional Communications ........................................ 34
4.1.4 End User Premises Cabling ....................................................................... 34
4.1.5 Environmental Considerations................................................................... 34
4.2 CONTENT PROVIDER .................................................................................. 35
4.2.1 Generic Issues ........................................................................................... 35
4.2.2 Specific Issues - sourced from the Australian Broadcasting
Commission (ABC)........................................................................................ 35

SAA/SNZ MP74:1996

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4.2.3 Specific Issues - sourced from FOXTEL and Optus Vision .........................

36

4.3 SERVICE PROVIDER - SOURCED FROM FOXTEL AND OPTUS VISION

37

4.4 TRANSPORT SERVICE PROVIDER - SOURCED FROM TELSTRA AND

OPTUS COMMUNICATIONS .........................................................................

38

4.5 OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY .................................................................... 40
4.5.1 Opportunities for Industry ......................................................................... 40
4.5.2 Industry Development................................................................................ 42

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5. TECHNICAL STANDARDS............................................................................

45

5.1 STANDARDS PHILOSOPHY IN AUSTRALIA .............................................. 45

5.1.1 General ..................................................................................................... 45
5.1.2 Regulatory Standards Setting..................................................................... 46
5.1.3 National Standards Setting ........................................................................ 48
5.2 STANDARDS PHILOSOPHY IN NEW ZEALAND ........................................

49

5.3 SUMMARY OF EXISTING STANDARDS .....................................................

51

5.4 STANDARDS REFERENCE MODEL ............................................................. 51

5.4.1 A Reference Model and Standard Interfaces .............................................. 51
5.4.2 Customer Premises Cabling....................................................................... 54
5.5 STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL.................................................

55

6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................

57

6.1 PRINCIPLES TO FOLLOW.............................................................................

57

6.2 TECHNICAL STANDARD RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................

64

ATTACHMENT 1 - BACKGROUND ..................................................................

67

A1.1 THE FORMATION OF THE DVSTG............................................................

67

A1.2 MISSION OF THE DVSTG...........................................................................

71

A1.3 MEMBERSHIP OF THE DVSTG .................................................................

71

ATTACHMENT 2 - MEMBERSHIP OF THE DVSTG ......................................

73

ATTACHMENT 3 - GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS.........................................

75

A3.1 GLOSSARY OF MAJOR TERMS .................................................................

75

A3.2 ACRONYMS .................................................................................................

79

ATTACHMENT 4 - EUROPEAN UNION DIRECTIVE.....................................

83

ATTACHMENT 5 - A REFERENCE MODEL FOR DIGITAL SERVICES .....

91

A5.1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................

91

A5.2 SCOPE...........................................................................................................

94

A5.3 OTHER REFERENCE MODELS ..................................................................

94

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SAA/SNZ MP74:1996

A5.4 DVSTG REFERENCE MODEL & PHYSICAL INTERFACE OPTIONS .....

96

A5.5 DVSTG REFERENCE MODEL DETAILS ...................................................

Reference Points..................................................................................................
Functional Blocks ...............................................................................................
Extensions to the Reference Model ......................................................................

101
101
102
106

A5.6 ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATIONS ................................................................ 108

Example 1 ........................................................................................................... 108
Example 2 ........................................................................................................... 109
Example 3 ............................................................................................................ 110
Example 4 ............................................................................................................ 111

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ATTACHMENT 5A - LAYERED REFERENCE MODELS ................................ 112

A5A.1 OSI 7-LAYER MODEL DESCRIPTION ..................................................... 114
Layer 7 Application Layer.................................................................................... 114
Layer 6 Presentation Layer .................................................................................. 115
Layer 5 Session Layer .......................................................................................... 115
Layer 4 Transport Layer....................................................................................... 115
Layer 3 Network Layer ......................................................................................... 116
Layer 2 Data Link Layer ...................................................................................... 117
Layer 1 Physical Layer......................................................................................... 117
A5A.2 COMMUNICATION OVER MULTIPLE NETWORKS IN
TERMS OF THE OSI MODEL.......................................................................... 119
A5A.3 ANALOGY OF THE DVSTG MODEL TO THE OSI MODEL.................. 120
ATTACHMENT 5B - COMPARISON OF DVSTG & DAVIC MODELS .......... 121
A5B.1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................ 121
A5B.2 DAVIC OVERVIEW ................................................................................... 121
A5B.3 MAPPING OF DVSTG AND DAVIC MODELS ........................................ 123
ATTACHMENT 6 - INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES ........... 125
A6.1 HARDWARE ................................................................................................ 125
A6.2 SOFTWARE ................................................................................................. 126
A6.3 APPLICATIONS........................................................................................... 126
A6.4 OTHER......................................................................................................... 126
ATTACHMENT 7 - BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................ 127
ATTACHMENT 8 - RELEVANT STANDARDS.................................................. 129
ITU ......................................................................................................................... 129
ISO/IEC................................................................................................................... 129
ETSI........................................................................................................................ 130
DVB ........................................................................................................................ 130
NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS............................................................................. 131
SAA/SNZ MP74:1996

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133
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134
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135

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ATTACHMENT 9 - POLICY PRINCIPLES........................................................

Carrier rights of interconnection and access .......................................................
Service provider right of interconnection.............................................................
Service provider right of access...........................................................................
Access rights to services not covered by carrier access undertakings...................
Guaranteed access to equipment and subscriber management systems ................
Provision to continue broadband direction ..........................................................
Universal service.................................................................................................
Information .........................................................................................................

First published as SAA/SNZ MP74:1996.

Page 6

SAA/SNZ MP74:1996

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MP 74:1996, Strategies for the development of

Standards for digital video and associated services

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