1 I.

SOALAN DRP JPNT 2009 BAB SALTS

8 (a) A student has carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) iodide. Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagi pembentukan plumbum(II) iodida. Seven test tubes of the same size were labelled 1 to 7. A fixed volume of 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 potassium iodide solution was placed in each test tube. 0.5 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution was added into test tube 1, 1.0 cm3 into test tube 2 and so on until 3.5 cm3 was added into test tube 7. The heights of the precipitate formed in each test tube were measured. Tujuh buah tabung uji yang sama saiz dilabelkan dengan 1 hingga 7. Isipadu tetap 5.0 cm3 larutan kalium iodida 1.0 moldm-3 diletakkan dalam setiap tabung uji. 0.5 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 ditambah ke dalam tabung uji 1, 1.0 cm3 ke dalam tabung uji 2, dan seterusnya sehingga 3.5 cm3 ditambah ke dalam tabung uji 7. Tinggi mendakan yang terbentuk dalam setiap tabung uji diukur. The results are shown in Table 8. Keputusan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 8. Test tube Tabung uji Volume of 1.0 moldm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution / cm3 Isipadu larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 1.0 moldm-3 / cm3 Height of precipitate /cm Tinggi mendakan / cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1.1

2.2 Table / Jadual 8

3.4

4.4

5.5

5.5

5.5

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Based on Table 8, plot a graph of the height of the precipitate against volume of lead(II) nitrate solution on the graph paper provided at page 20. Berdasarkan Jadual 8, plotkan graf tinggi mendakan lawan isipadu larutan plumbum(II) nitrat pada kertas graf yang disediakan di muka surat 20. [3 marks] Determine the volume of lead(II)nitrate solution that had reacted completely with 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 potassium iodide. Tentukan isipadu larutan plumbum(II) nitrat yang telah bertindak balas lengkap dengan 5.0 cm3 larutan kalium iodida 1.0 mol dm-3 . [1 mark] Using the volume obtained in (a) (ii), calculate the number of moles of lead(II) ions and iodide ions that are required for the formation of lead(II) iodide. Dengan menggunakan isipadu yang diperolehi dalam (a) (ii), hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion plumbum(II) dan ion iodida yang diperlukan untuk pembentukan plumbum(II) iodida.

(b)

Then, calculate the number of moles of iodide ions that has reacted with 1 mol of lead(II) ions. Kemudian, hitungkan bilangan mol ion iodida yang bertindak balas dengan 1 mol ion plumbum(II). [4 marks] (iv) Write the ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) iodide. Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan plumbum(II) iodida. [2 marks] Diagram 8 shows conversion of salt X when it heated strongly and dissolved in water. The solution formed is tested with sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution. Rajah 8 menunjukkan penukaran bagi garam X apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat dan dilarutkan dalam air. Larutan yang terbentuk diuji dengan larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH.

Salt X solid Pepejal garam X H2O Salt X solution Larutan garam X

Metal oxide Oksida logam

Brown gas Gas perang +

Colourless gas Gas tanpa warna +

NaOH solution Larutan NaOH

A white precipitate soluble in excess NaOH. Mendakan putih larut dalam NaOH berlebihan.

Diagram / Rajah 8 Based on the information in diagram 8 : Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 8 : (i) Identify an anion that is present in salt X. Describe a chemical test to verify the anion. Kenal pasti satu anion yang hadir dalam garam X. Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan anion itu. [4 marks] (ii) Identify three cations that are possible present in salt X solution. Describe chemical test to verify the cations. Kenalpasti tiga kation yang mungkin hadir dalam larutan garam X. Huraikan ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan kation itu. [6 marks Question 8 (a) (i)

II. SOALAN SBP 2009 1 Diagram 4 shows Experiments I and II in the preparation of a salt. Rajah 4 menunjukkan Eksperimen 1 dan II dalam penyediaan garam. Experiment Eksperimen Method Kaedah 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik 25.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide + phenolphthalein 25.0 cm3 natrium hidroksida 0.2 mol dm-3 + fenolftalein

II

10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution 10 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3

Excess potassium iodide solution Larutan kalium iodida berlebihan Precipitate X Mendakan X Diagram 4 Rajah 4

(a) Based on Experiment I: Berdasarkan Eksperimen I : (i) State the name for the reaction. Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas itu. ...................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in the conical flask. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku di dalam kelalang kon. ................................................................................................................................[1 mark] (iii) State the colour change in the conical flask at the end point. Nyatakan perubahan warna di dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir. ..................................................................................................................................[1 mark] (iv) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid used to neutralise the sodium hydroxide solution. Hitungkan isi padu asid hidroklorik yang digunakan untuk meneutralkan larutan natrium hidroksida.

4 [2 marks] (b) Based on Experiment II: Berdasarkan Eksperimen II : (i) State the name of the reaction. Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas itu. .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) State the name of precipitate X. Nyatakan nama bagi mendakan X. .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas itu. .................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iv) Calculate the maximum mass of precipitate X formed. [Relative atomic mass ; Pb=207, I=127] Hitungkan jisim maksimum mendakan X yang terbentuk. [Jisim atom relatif ; Pb=207, I=127] [2 marks] III. SOALAN NEGERI MELAKA 2009 3 Diagram 3.1 shows two set up of apparatus for the experiments to prepare two different soluble salts. Rajah 3.1menunjukkan dua susunan radas bagi eksperiment untuk menyediakan dua garam terlarutkan yang berbeza.

0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid 0.5 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik Experiment I 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide + phenolphthalein 0.5 mol dm-3 natrium hidroksida + fenolftalin

Copper(II) oxide (excess) Kuprum(II) oksida (berlebihan) Experiment II 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid 100 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.5 mol dm-3

5 Diagram 3.1 (a) (i) Name the reaction that takes place in both experiments . Namakan tindak balas yang berlaku dalan kedua-dua eksperimen tersebut. ...................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Experiment I. Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas di Eksperimen I. ...................................................................................................................... [2 mark] (b) (i) State the colour change in the conical flask in Experiment I Nyatakan perubahan warna yang berlaku di dalam kelalang kon dalam eksperimen I. ...................................................................................................................... (ii) [1 mark] State the necessary step to be taken in the titration process so that a pure salt can be obtained in Eksperiment I . Nyatakan langkah yang perlu diambil dalam proses pentitratan supaya garam tulen dapat diperolehi dalam Eksperimen I ...................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) Sulphuric acid in this reaction is a strong acid. Asid sulfurik dalam tindak balas ini adalah asid kuat. (i) Give another example of a strong acid. Beri satu contoh asid kuat yang lain. ...................................................................................................................... (ii) [1 mark] What is the chemical formula of the salt formed if the acid in (c)(i) is used instead of sulphuric acid in Experiment I? Apakah formula kimia bagi garam yang terhasil jika asid di (c)(i) digunakan sebagai ganti asid sulfurik dalam Experimen I?
1

...................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (d) (i) Name the salt produced in Experiment II. Namakan garam yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen II ...................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Why is it necessary to add the copper (II) oxide powder until it is in excess in the solution ? Mengapakah serbuk kuprum(II) oksida perlu ditambahkan sehingga berlebihan di dalam larutan itu? ...................................................................................................................... [1 mark] If the same salt is to be prepared, name one other substance that can be used to replace copper (II) oxide in Experiment II . Jika garam yang sama hendak disediakan , namakan satu bahan lain yang boleh digunakan bagi menggantikan kuprum (II) oksida dalam Eksperimen II. ...

(iii)

6 [1 mark] IV. SOALAN NEGERI SELANGOR 2009 3.

Diagram 3.1 and diagram 3.2 show the set-up of apparatus used to prepare salt X and salt Y in Experiment I and Experiment II respectively. Rajah 3.1 dan rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyediakan garam X dan garam Y dalam Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II masing-masing.

1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3

Copper(II) carbonate Kuprum(II) karbonat Glass rod Rod kaca

25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 ammonia solution + phenolphthalein 25 cm3 larutan ammonia 1.0 mol dm-3 + fenolftalein

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3

Experiment I [Ekeperimen I] Diagram 3.1 [Rajah 3.1]

Experiment II [Eksperimen II] Diagram 3.2 [Rajah 3.2]

(a) Experiment I: (i) State the name of salt X prepared in Experiment I. Nyatakan nama garam X yang disediakan dalam Eksperimen I. .... [ 1 mark] 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 ammonia solution is titrated with 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. 25 cm3 larutan ammonia berkepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3 dititratkan dengan asid sulfiurik. berkepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3 Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini. .. [ 1 mark] (iii) Calculate the volume of 1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid required to react completely with t 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 solution. Hitungkan isipadu asid sulfurik berkepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3 yang diperlukan untuk bertindak balas lengkap dengan 25 cm3 larutan ammonia berkepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3
-3

(ii)

(iv)

[2 marks] After the titration in (a) (ii), what is the next step of the procedure to prepare a pure sample of salt X? Selepas pentitratan di (a) (ii), apakah langkah yang seterusnya dalam prosedur untuk menyediakan sampel garam X yang tulen? [ 1 mark] What is the method used to separate the salt obtained after step (a) (iv)? Apakah kaedah yang digunakan untuk mengasingkan garam yang diperolehi selepas langkah (a) (iv)?

(v)

[ 1 mark] (b) Experiment II: Eksperimen II:

(i)

State the name of salt Y prepared in Experiment II. Nyatakan nama garam Y yang disediakan dalam Eksperimen II.

[ 1 mark] (ii) State two observations in this experiment. Nyatakan dua pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini. ..[2 marks] (iii) State the reason why copper(II) carbonate is added in excess. Nyatakan sebab mengapa kuprum(II) karbonat ditambah dengan berlebihan. [ 1 mark] Copper(II) carbonate is also a salt. State the type of reaction used to prepare copper(II) carbonate. Kuprum(II) karbonat juga satu jenis garam. Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang digunakan untuk menyediakan kuprum(II) karbonat. (iv) [ 1 mark]

V. SOALAN NEGERI PERAK 2009 9 (c) You are required to prepare dry zinc sulphate salt. The chemical substances that are provided: zinc nitrate solution larutan zink nitrat sodium carbonate solution larutan natrium karbonat Dilute sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik cair necessary apparatus radas yang sesuai

By choosing the correct substances and apparatus, describe a laboratory experiment to prepare dry zinc sulphate salt. In your description, include chemical equations involved. Dengan memilih bahan-bahan dan alat radas yang betul, huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan garam zink sulfat yang kering. Dalam huraian anda, nyatakan persamaan-persamaan kimia yang terlibat. [10 marks] [10 markah]

I. JAWAPAN SOALAN DRP JPNT 2009 BAB SALTS

8 (a) (i) (ii) (iii ) Label axes with units All points are transferred correctly Shape of the graph is smooth and correct 2.5 cm3 moles of Pb2+ ions = 2.5 x 1.0 / 0.0025 1000 moles of I- ions = 5 x 1.0 / 0.005 1000 Moles of I- ions react with one mol Pb2+ ions = 0.005/0.0025 = 2 mol (iv) Pb2+ + 2I- PbI2 The formulae of reactant and product correct Balance nitrate ion / NO3- ion Add dilute sulphuric acid followed by iron(II) sulphate into test tube containing salt X solution pour slowly concentrated sulphuric acid A brown ring is formed. (ii) Zn2+ , Pb2+ , Al3+ Add ammonia solution into test tube containing salt X solution until excess White precipitate dissolves in excess ammonia solution showing the presence of Zn2+ ions White precipitate insoluble in excess ammonia solution showing the presence of Pb2+ and Al3+ ions. Add potassium iodide solution into test tube containing salt X solution Yellow precipitate formed showing the presence of Pb2+ ions No change showing the presence of Al3+ ions. // 1 TOTAL 6 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4

3 1

(b)

(i)

II. JAWAPAN SOALAN SBP 2009 4 (a) (i) (ii) Neutralization HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O 1 1 1 1+1 1 1 1

(iii) Pink turns colourless (iv) (b) (i) (ii)

MaVa 1 0.1 Va 1 = , = , Va = 50 cm3 MbVb 1 0.2 Vb 1

Double decomposition/ Precipitate reaction Lead(II) iodide

(iii) Pb2+ + 2I- PbI2 (c)

Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 =

1.0 10 = 0.01 1000

1 1 Total 10

Mass of PbI2 = 0.01 461 = 4.61 g

III. JAWAPAN SOALAN NEGERI MELAKA 2009 3 (a) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) d (i) (ii) (iii) Neutralisation 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2 H2O 1. Correct formulae of reactants and products 2. Correctly balanced Pink to colourless // the pink colour decolourised Repeat the titration but without using phenolphthalein / any indicator [Any suitable name/formula of strong acid] eg. Hidrochloric acid / HCl // Nitric acid / HNO3 [ formula of salt must corresponds to acid in (c)(i)] eg. NaCl // NaNO3 Copper(II) sulphate So that all the sulphuric acid in the beaker is used up Copper (II) Carbonate Total

(b) c

IV. JAWAPAN SOALAN NEGERI SELANGOR 2009

3 (a) (i) (ii) (iii ) [Able to name salt X correctly] Ammonium sulphate [Able to write the balanced equation correctly] 2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 [Able to show the calculation correctly] M a Va 1 = M b Vb 2 1 1 .....1 .....1

10
1.0xVa 1 = 1.0 x 25 2 (iv) Va = 12.5 cm3 [Able to describe the next step correctly] Add 12.5 cm3 of sulphuric acid to 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 ammonia (v) (b) (i) (ii) solution without phenolphthalein. [Able to state the name of the method correctly] Crystallisation [Able to name salt Y correctly] Copper(II) chloride [Able to state two observations correctly] Gas bubbles The white solid dissolves 2 (iii ) (iv) Blue solution formed [Able to state the reason of copper (II) carbonate is added in excess] So that all the hydrochloric acid reacts completely [Able to name the type of reaction correctly] Double decomposition TOTAL 1 1 .....1 .....1 11 Any two answers 2 .....2 1 1 1 .....1 .....1 .....1 1 .....2

V. JAWAPAN SOALAN NEGERI PERAK 2009 9 (c) Pour [20-100]cm3 of zinc nitrate solution [0.1-1.0]mol dm-3 into a beaker Add [20-100]cm3 of sodium carbonate solution [0.1-1.0]mol dm-3 Pour [20-100]cm3 dilute/[0.1-1.0]mol dm-3 sulphuric acid into a beaker Add the residue/precipitate into the acid until in excess Stir and filter the mixture Heat the filtrate until saturated / 1/3 of original volume Cool the saturated solution Filter and dry the crystal Zn(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 ZnCO3 + 2NaNO3 ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10