Umts Wcdma

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA
LI NI U
Th k 21 c coi l th k ca tri thc do nhu cu v trao i v x l thng tin ngy cng ln. Trong nhng nm u ca th k mi chng ta c chng kin bc pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin m in hnh ngy cng c nhiu cng ngh mi truyn d liu c hiu qu. Ti Vit Nam cng ang c mt cuc cch mng chuyn t th h 2G sang 3G trong lnh vc thng tin di ng bt kp vi s pht trin ca th gii. Hin nay, mng thng tin di ng ca Vit Nam ang s dng cng ngh GSM v CDMA bng thng hp, cc cng ngh ny tr nn lc hu v qu ti trc l trc cc yu cu v dch v mi nh truyn s liu tc cao, xem tivi trn in thoi di ng, truy cp WAP, internet v nhiu dch v gi tr gia tng khc. V vy s thay th ca cc cng ngh th h 3G nh WCDMA v CDMA-EVDO l iu tt yu. Thc t phn ln cc thu bao ti Vit Nam ang s dng mng GSM m WCDMA l bc pht trin tip ca GSM nn em chn ti H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA cho ni dung nghin cu n ca mnh nhm gp thm hiu bit cho nhng ngi quan tm v tm hiu cng ngh mi ny. Mc d em c gng nhiu nhng do trnh v thi gian c hn nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong nhn c nhng gp , ph bnh v hng dn t thy c bn b. Trong qu trnh thc hin n em nhn c rt nhiu s quan tm, gip v h tr t thy hng dn :Ths.Vng Hong Nam. Thy lun tn tnh ch bo v a ra nhng nh gi, nhng li khuyn thit thc gip em c th hon thnh tt n ca mnh. Em xin trn trng cm n thy.
Em cng xin cm n s hng dn, gip ca cc Thy c trong khoa in t

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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Vin thng v bn b nhng ngi gip em hon thnh lun vn tt nghip. H Ni, ngy 15 thng 05 nm 2008 Sinh vin thc hin
Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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Ni dung chnh ca bn n ny nhm gii thiu mt cch tng quan v h thng W-CDMA theo tiu chun ca Chu u. Trong chng u ca n l tng quan v s pht trin ca h thng thng tin ch yu gii thiu nhng mc lch s ng ch v nhng h thng in hnh ca h thng thng tin qua cc thi k. Chng th hai cp ch yu n cng ngh CDMA l nn tng ca W-CDMA gm c cc c tnh in hnh ca CDMA v k thut tri ph l phng thc truy nhp mi quyt nh s u vit ca h thng CDMA so vi cc h thng trc . Trong chng ba h thng W-CDMA c gii thiu nh l mt cng ngh mi cho th h 3G ti Vit Nam. Chng bn l mt s xut v vic trin khai WCDMA ti Vit Nam mang tnh kh thi. Ni dung ca n ny gm 4 chng: Chng 1 Tng quan v mng thng tin di ng. Chng 2 K thut tri ph v cng ngh CDMA. Chng 3 H thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 WCDMA. Chng 4 Nhng kin ngh trin khai WCDMA ti Vit Nam
MC LC
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CHNG 1..........................................................................................................................5 TNG QUAN V H THNG..........................................................................................5 THNG TIN DI NG......................................................................................................5 b/TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)- a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian....8 c/CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)- a truy nhp phn chia theo m..............8 2.2. Tng quan cng ngh CDMA.........................................25
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG

1.1.Lch s pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng Lch s ca ngnh lin lc vin thng ra i t nhng th nghim u tin ca Hertz v tn s th k 18. H thng v tuyn u tin xut hin nm 1919, khi y n ch phc v vic nghin cu lin lc bng sng radio v c xy dng hai trm ti Boston v Baltimore ng dng u tin ca lin lc sng radio l lin lc ng bin. Ti nm 1933 h thng thng tin trn t lin mi a v khai thc m ng dng ch yu ca n l thng tin trong cnh st v lc lng cu ha vi bng tn 35MHz gm 10 knh, khong cch mi knh l 40kHz, vic chuyn mch bng tay bi in thoi vin. Nm 1946 h thng thng tin thng mi u tin ra i vi hot ng ti bng tn 150MHz. Nm 1964 h thng MJ ra i s dng cng ngh mch trong h thng lm gim rng mi knh t 120kHz xung cn 30kHz. Cc h thng in thoi di ng u tin ny t tin li v dung lng rt thp trong khi chi ph s dng kh tn km. H thng thng tin t bo ca Bell c nghin cu th nghim t nm 1947 cui cng nm 1975 h thng ny c th nghim v c cp php tin hnh t nm 1977, nm 1978 h thng thng tin t bo u tin c xy dng vi rng bng tn 20MHz, 870-890MHz cho hng i v 825-845MHz cho hng v, chia thnh nhiu knh mi knh c rng 30kHz s dng cng ngh phn chia theo tn s FDD do vy c tt c 666 knh. Nm 1981 h thng ny c a v s dng ti chu u. H thng ny c pht trin ln h thng AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone Service) nm 1983 c coi l dch v thoi tin tin. Sau mt thp k pht trin, ngi ta nhn thy rng cc h thng t ong tng t cng dn khng th p ng c nhu cu ngy cng tng vo th k sau nu nh khng loi b c cc hn ch c hu ca cc h thng ny nh:
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Phn b tn s rt hn ch, dung lng thp. Ting n kh chu v nhiu xy ra khi my di ng chuyn dch trong mi trng pha inh a tia. Khng m bo tnh b mt ca cc cuc gi.
Khng p ng c cc dch v mi hp dn i vi khch hng. tng.
Khng cho php gim ng k gi thnh ca thit b di ng v c s h Khng tng thch gia cc h thng khc nhau, c bit l Chu u, lm cho thu bao khng th s dng c my di ng ca mnh nc khc. khc phc nhng hn ch k trn h thng thng tin di ng cn phi chuyn t k thut tng t sang k thut thng tin s cng vi k thut a truy nhp mi. H thng thng tin di ng s s dng k thut a thm nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) c nghin cu v tin hnh ti mt s nc Ty u nm 1981 nh Thy in, Nauy, Phn Lan, an Mch sau ny xut hin nhiu chun cho h thng ny v nm 1991 chu u thng nht mt chun duy nht cho h thng ny l GSM h thng thng tin ton cu. GSM c th ni l bc pht trin tip ca TDMA, GSM l s kt hp ca c TDD v FDD nn cho dung lng ln hn, GSM cng bt u cung cp vi dch v truyn d liu, kt ni internet. Cc nh nghin cu M tm ra h thng thng tin di ng s mi l cng ngh a thm nhp phn chia theo m (CDMA). Cng ngh ny s dng k thut tri ph trc c cc ng dng ch yu trong qun s. c thnh lp vo nm 1985, Qualcom thng mi ha cng ngh CDMA cho thng tin di ng v nhn c nhiu bng pht minh trong lnh vc ny. n nay cng ngh ny tr thnh cng ngh thng tr Bc M, Qualcom a ra phin bn CDMA u tin c gi l IS - 95 A. Ngoi cc h thng thng tin di ng mt t, cc h thng thng tin di ng v tinh: Global Star v Iridium cng c a vo thng mi trong nm 1998. Hin nay p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca cc khch hng vin thng v c dch v vin thng mi cc h thng thng tin di ng ang hng ti th h th ba, c hai tiu chun c chp thun cho IMT-2000 l: W-CDMA v Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA cdma2000. W-CDMA c pht trin ln t GSM th h 2 v cdma2000 c pht trin ln t IS-95 th h 2. th h ny cc h thng thng tin di ng c xu th ho nhp thnh mt tiu chun duy nht v c kh nng phc v tc bit ln n 2 Mbit/s. phn bit vi cc h thng thng tin di ng bng hp hin nay cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba c gi l h thng thng tin di ng bng rng. 1.2.Cc phng thc a truy nhp Trong mi t bo mt BTS lin lc vi nhiu MS. Qua giao din v tuyn MS thit lp v thc hin vi bt k thu bao no khc. Vic phn chia cc knh lin lc cho mi MS c gi l k thut a truy nhp. C 5 phng thc a truy nhp khc nhau: 1. a truy nhp phn chia theo khng gian - SDMA 2. a truy nhp phn chia theo cc tnh PDMA. Phc v cc cuc gi theo cc s phn cc khc nhau ca sng v tuyn 3. a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s - FDMA 4. a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA 5. a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA Trong c 3 phng php c s dng ch yu l : a/FDMA (Fre quency Division Multiple Access)-a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s. Nguyn tc: Ph tn s cung cp cho knh thng tin c chia thnh 2N knh tn k tip, gia chng c khong tn bo v. Mi ngi s dng c gn cho mt knh tn ring. N knh k tip dnh cho hng ln, N knh dnh cho hng xung. c im: Knh tn s s dng trong thi gian lin lc c th thay i khi MS di
chuyn t mt t bo sang mt t bo bn cnh (chuyn vng). ring. Nhiu giao thoa do cc knh tn s k nhau. BTS c nhiu b thu pht ring cho mi MS lm vic trn mt knh tn s
Hnh 1.1 Ph tn hiu FDMA H thng FDMA in hnh l h thng di ng AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System ). b/TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)- a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian. Nguyn tc: Ph tn cung cp chia thnh cc knh, mi knh tn c chia N khe thi gian, mi knh ng vi mt khe thi gian nht nh trong mt chu k khung. Mi knh (khe thi gian) c n nh cho ngi s dng khc nhau. Tin tc l tn hiu s t chc dng gi, gi c bt a ch u cui, bt ng b c im: Tn hiu truyn u l tn hiu s. Lin lc song cng, mi hng cc di tn khc nhau. Vic ng b, tr rt phc tp.
Hnh 1.2 Ph tn hiu TDMA H thng TDMA in hnh l h thng GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). c/CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)- a truy nhp phn chia theo m Nguyn tc: Giao thc CDMA khng chia s ph tn s hay thi gian m n phn chia bng cch mi ngi s dng s c phn bit vi nhau bng cc m Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA khc nhau (m tri ph). Tn hiu c tri ph trn bng tn rng. thu c d liu ban u, th my thu phi dng m tri ph chnh xc nh khi tn hiu c x l bn my pht. Nu m tri ph my thu khc hoc khng ng b vi m tri ph tng ng my pht th tin tc truyn i khng th thu v hiu c my thu. c im: Ph tn tri rng gp nhiu ln ph tn hiu ban u. S dng m gi ngu nhin. C rt nhiu loi giao thc CDMA khc nhau: DS, FH, Gim nhiu Fading a ng. Lin lc song cng, mi hng cc di tn khc nhau. Vic ng b, tr rt phc tp.
Hnh 1.3 Ph tn hiu CDMA H thng in hnh cho cng ngh CDMA l IS-95. 1.3 H thng thng tin t ong Cellular. Quan nim Cellular ra i t cui nhng nm bn mi vi Bell. Thay cho m hnh pht qung b vi cng sut ln v ng ten cao l nhng cell c din tch b c my pht BTS cng sut nh. Khi cc cell cch nhau mt khong cch xa th c th s dng li tn s. Vng phc v ca h thng in thoi di ng Cellular c chia thnh nhiu vng phc v nh, do mi trm thu pht s dng ba anten thu pht, mi anten li t cch nhau 120 nn vng ph sng c dng mt t ong hnh lc gic c gi Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA l cc cell. Trong mi cell c mt trm gc BTS. BTS lin lc v tuyn vi tt c cc my thu bao di ng MS c mt trong cell. MS c th di ng gia cc cell v n phi c chuyn giao lm vic vi mt BTS lin k m n hin ang trong cng ph sng m khng lm gin on cuc gi. Cc Cell k nhau s dng tn s khc nhau, cc Cell cch xa hn mt khong cch nht nh c th ti s dng cng mt tn s . Hiu qu s dng tn s ca h thng in thoi di ng tng ln nh vic ti s dng tn s v do dung lng thu bao c phc v s tng ln.
Hnh 1.4 Hng pht sng ca mt trm gc Hnh 1.5 a ta mt mng in thoi di ng t ong bao gm cc trm gc (BTS). Vng phc v ca mt BTS c gi l cell v nhiu cell c kt hp li thnh vng phc v ca h thng. Kch thc ph sng mi cell thay i ty theo vng. Mt h thng t bo bao gm nhiu t bo, mi t bo c mt trm gc v tuyn. Cc vng c ph sng bi cc trm c dng t bo nn ngi ta gi l h thng thng tin theo m hnh t bo.. H thng t bo ra i gip gim chi ph hot ng ca cc i pht nh gim cng sut pht, h thng lm vic mm do hn., c bit n gii quyt bi ton dung lng. Khi s thu bao tp chung ln trong mt vng ch cn chia nh ph sng ni thnh cc t bo con bng cch thm cc trm thu pht sng v theo l thuyt c th p ng c v hn s thu bao.
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Hnh 1.5 S h thng thng tin t ong. Mi vng ph sng t bo c c trng bi mt phn h trm gc BSS, cc trm BSS ny c lin kt vi mt phn h chuyn mch NSS, cc phn h chuyn mch NSS ny li lin kt vi cc cng GATEWAY kt ni vi cc mng khc khi cn.Sau y l cu trc c trng ca h thng t ong GSM. H thng in thoi t bo gm:
1. MS : My di ng gm b thu/pht RF, anten v b iu khin. 2. BSS : H thng trm gc -
BTS : i v tuyn gc gm cc b thu/pht RF kt ni MS vi MSC, anten, b iu khin, u cui s liu. BSC : i iu khin trm gc lm nhim v iu khin chn knh cho BTS v chu trch nhim chuyn i, thch ng tc ca thit b TRAU.
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Hnh 1.6 Cu trc c bn ca h thng t ong (GSM)

3. SS : Phn h chuyn mch -
HLR : B ghi nh v thng tr chu trch nhim nm gi mi d liu mt cch thng xuyn k t khi MS bt u nhp mng. VLR : B ghi nh v tm tr chnh l HLR lu ng, n ch lm nhim v lu gi s liu tm thi khi MS lu ng. EIR : Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b EIR c chc nng cho php hoc khng cho php MS vo mng. MSC : Trung tm chuyn mch in thoi di ng MSC x l cc cuc gi i v n t mi BS v cung cp chc nng iu khin trung tm cho hot
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA ng ca tt c cc BS mt cch hiu qu truy nhp vo tng i ca mng PSTN. MSC bao gm: + B iu khin + B kt ni cuc gi + Thit b ngoi vi + Cung cp chc nng thu nhp s liu cc vi cuc gi hon thnh 4. AUC c chc nng cng nhn s liu ly t HLR.
5. OMC : Trung tm vn hnh v bo dng
6. ISDN : Mng s lin kt a dch v 7. PSPDN : Mng chuyn mch cng cng theo gi 8. CSPDN : Mng chuyn mch s cng cng 9. PSTN : Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng 10. PLMN : Mng di ng mt t cng cng Trong : MS gm b thu/pht RF, anten v b iu khin. BTS gm cc b thu/pht RF kt ni MS vi MSC, anten, b iu khin, u cui s liu. BSC lm nhim v iu khin chn knh cho BTS v chu trch nhim chuyn i, thch ng tc ca thit b TRAU. MSC x l cc cuc gi i v n t mi BS v cung cp chc nng iu khin trung tm cho hot ng ca tt c cc BS mt cch hiu qu truy nhp vo tng i ca mng PSTN. MSC bao gm: - B iu khin - B kt ni cuc gi - Thit b ngoi vi - Cung cp chc nng thu nhp s liu cc vi cuc gi hon thnh MS, BTS, MSC c lin kt vi nhau thng qua cc ng kt ni thoi v s liu. Mi my di ng s dng mt cp knh thu/pht (knh c th l RF hoc cng c th l CDMA hoc TDMA); cp knh ny c th thay i khi MS di chuyn qua li gia cc t bo (chuyn vng). Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA B phn iu khin ca MSC s iu khin sp t, qun l hot ng ca ton b h thng. MSC kt ni thit lp cuc gi gia cc my thu bao di ng vi nhau cc thu bao di ng v c nh, v trao i thng tin bo hiu a ng qua ng s liu gia MSC v BS. ( lin lc c vi thu bao ca mng in thoi c nh cn phi c giao din gia MSC v PSTN ). Vic trao i thng tin gia BTS v MSC c th thc hin bng ng truyn v tuyn c nh (mircowave link) hoc cp. HRL chu trch nhim nm gi mi d liu mt cch thng xuyn k t khi MS bt u nhp mng. VLR chnh l HLR lu ng, n ch lm nhim v lu gi s liu tm thi khi MS lu ng. AUC c chc nng cng nhn s liu ly t HLR. EIR c chc nng cho php hoc khng cho php MS vo mng. 1.4 S pht trin ca h thng thng tin cellular. H thng in thoi di ng thng mi u tin c a vo dng s dng bng tn 150 MHz ti Saint Louis - M vo nm 1946 vi khong cch knh l 60 KHz v s lng knh b hn ch ch n 3. Nm 1948, mt h thng in thoi di ng hon ton t ng u tin ra i Richmond Indiana. Nm 1956 h thng ln u s dng bng tn 450 MHz, ngi s dng phi n nt in thoi vin kt ni cuc gi. T nhng nm su mi knh thng tin di ng c di thng tn s 30 kHz vi k thut FM bng tn 450MHz a hiu sut s dng ph tn ln gp 4 ln so vi cui th chin II. Nm 1964 h thng MJ ra i, hot ng trn bng tn 150 MHz c th t chn knh lin lc nhng vn cn in thoi vin. Nm 1969 h thng MK ra i, hot ng trn bng tn 450 MHz v hon ton t ng. T nhng nm by mi, h thng Cellular k thut tng t ra i, tn s iu ch l 850MHz, FM. Tng ng l sn phm thng mi AMPS ra i nm Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA 1983. n u nhng nm chn mi mt lot cc h thng ra i nh TACS, NMTS, NAMTS,... Tuy nhin, do nhu cu pht trin cc h thng c khng p ng c cc yu cu ngy cng tng do thng tin di ng th h th hai ra i s dng k thut s vi nhng u im vt tri. H thng thng tin di ng Cellular th h th hai c 3 tiu chun chnh: GSM, IS-5, JDC. Nm 1991 h thng GSM c cng nhn Chu u v nhiu nc trn th gii. Th h ba bt u t nhng nm sau thp k chn mi l k thut s vi CDMA v TDMA ci tin. Chun ca th h th ba c cng nhn nm 1999.
TC AS G M 90 S ( 0) GR PS N T M ( 0) 90 G M 10) S ( 80 G M 10) S ( 90 GR PS IS16 -3 ( 90 10) IS9 -5 ( S D08 J- T - 0) ( 90 10) IS16 -3 T M ( 0) D A 80 A P MS IS9 -5 C M ( 0) D A 80 i E ( 0) D N 80 c m 00 da 0 2 1 x c m2 0 d a00 M x EG DE WD A CM
S R M
1 G
2 G
2G . 5
3 G
Hnh 1.7 Lch s pht trin ca mng vin thng qua cc th h.
CHNG 2 K THUT TRI PH

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V CNG NGH CDMA

2.1 K thut tri ph Ph tn s v tuyn l ti nguyn ca tng quc gia, khu vc, c qun l theo hng dn ca ITU. Trn c s cc yu cu do ITU t ra, c quan qun l vin thng s quy hoch, cp pht di tn vin thng ca quc gia cho cc nh khai thc. Trc y vn ny c gii quyt theo phng php cp cc bng tn khc nhau cho cc dch v khc nhau.Tuy nhin do bng tn v tuyn l hu hn, trong khi nhu cu v ph tn v tuyn tng ngy cng nhanh khi ra i h thng thng tin di ng t bo, cc dch v mi i hi mt phng php mi gii quyt hiu qu hn vn trn. K thut tri ph c nghin cu v p dng trong lnh vc qun s t nhng nm 1930, tuy nhin gn y cc k thut ny c nghin cu v p dng thnh cng trong cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo nhu nhu cu cp bch ca vic gii quyt vn cn kit dung lng trong GSM. 2.1.1. Khi nim tri ph Mt h thng c gi l h thng tri ph nu c cc c im sau : 1. Bng tn truyn dn ln hn nhiu so vi bng tn thng tin. 2. Bng tn truyn dn c xc nh bi m tri ph hay m gi ngu nhin, c lp vi thng tin c gu i. Dy m tri ph m ho tn hiu thng tin. iu ny lm cho cng sut tn hiu b tri rng ra trn mt bng tn rt ln, dn n mt cng sut thp hn. Nh vy, bn cht ca k thut tri ph l s thc hin tri ph tn hiu pha pht sau iu ch v pht i. pha thu s thc hin nn ph tr li lm cho nh hng ca nhiu b ti thiu ho. T nhng yu t a ra trn ta thy rng, ph ca tn hiu cng tri rng pha pht v co hp li pha thu th cng c li v t s tn hiu/tp m (S/N). T s gia bng tn truyn dn Bc v bng tn thng tin Bi c gi l tng ch do x l (Gp) ca h thng tri ph
Gp = Bc Bi
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA My thu s thc hin khi phc thng tin ban u bng vic tng quan gia tn hiu thu c vi bn sao ca m tri ph c s dng pha pht. Nh vy, my thu ch khi phc c thng tin khi n bit c dy m tri ph c s dng pha pht. 2.1.2. Cc u im ca k thut tri ph so vi truyn dn bng hp a. Kh nng a truy nhp Nu ti mt thi im no c nhiu ngi cng c yu cu lin lc trong cng mt gii bng tn th my thu c kh nng phn bit tn hiu i vi mi ngi s dng, do mi ngi c mt dy m duy nht v cc dy m ny c mc tng quan cho nh. Vic tng quan gia tn hiu thu c vi mt dy m tri ph ng vi mt ngi s dng no s ch lm cho ph tn hiu ca ngi s dng co hp li trong khi cc tn hu ca ngi s dng khc vn b tri rng trn bng tn truyn dn. Do , trong bng tn thng tin, ch c cng sut tn hiu ca ngi s dng ang quan tm l ln c th cho my thu nhn c.
1 1 1&2 2 2 a b c d 1 2
Hnh 2.1. Nguyn l thng tin tri ph a. Hai tn hiu bng hp c cng di thng c pht i ti 2 ngi s dng. b. Hai tn hiu c tri ph t cc tn hiu bng hp. c. Tn hiu do c hai ngi s dng thu cng ti mt im. d. Ti my thu ca ngi s dng th nht ch c tn hiu th nht c nn tr li ph gc tn hiu ban u
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Ta thy rng cng mt lc c th c hai tn hiu cng c truyn i trong cng mt bng tn, nhng ti my thu ch c tn hiu 1 c nn ph tr li v khi phc c cn tn hiu 2 vn nh l nhiu. b. Kh nng chng nhiu a ng Tn hiu ti my thu qua nhiu ng khc nhau: trc tip, phn x. Cc tn hiu a ng c bin v pha khc nhau lm tng tn hiu tng ti mt vi tn s v gim tn hiu ti cc tn s khc. Nh c tnh trong tn hiu bng rng to ra mt s phn tp tn s mt cch t nhin c tc dng chng pha inh chn lc. c. Kh nng bo mt Tn hiu c truyn i trong cng mt bng tn ch c th c nn ph v khi phc li khi my thu c m tri ph s dng cho tn hiu my pht. d. Kh nng loi tr nhiu Vic tng quan cho gia m tri ph v mt tn hiu bng hp s lm tri rng cng sut ca tn hiu bng hp. Nh vy, c th gim cng sut nhiu trong bng tn thng tin, tp m nn c ph rng s b gim nh. my thu, sau khi nn ph nhiu t cc my di ng khc khng c nn ph cng tng t nh tp m. Nhiu t cc ngun pht sng khng tri ph nu c bng tn trng vi bng tn (di thng) ca my thu s b tri ph, mt ph cng sut ca nhiu gim xung. Vy bn cht lm vic theo nguyn tc tri ph my pht, nn ph my thu lm cho nh hng ca nhiu v tp m c ti thiu ha. Ti my thu tn hiu tri ph c nn ph trong khi nhiu bng hp li b tri ph, lm n xut hin nh tp m nn so vi tn hiu mong mun.
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Nhiu
Tin tc
Nhiu
Tin tc
Hnh 2.2. Minh ha kh nng chng nhiu e. Kh nng chng nhiu ph Vic chng nhiu ph (nhiu do con ngi sinh ra) c khc phc tng t nh nhiu t nhin. Nhng tn hiu khng c s tng quan v dy m ngu nhin u b tri rng ra v tr thnh nhiu nn pha thu. f. Xc xut pht hin thp V mt cng sut ca tn hiu thp nn tn hu tri ph kh c th b pht hin. 2.1.3. C s k thut tri ph
D liu X(t)
Tn hiu trn ph bng rng
B lc M tri ph g(t) tc chp Rp rng bng R
Tn hiu khi phc
Tc K (bps) M tri ph g(t) tc chp Rp
Hnh 2.3. M hnh k thut tri ph Ti b iu ch, tn hiu d liu X(t) c tc K(bit/s) c nhn vi m tri ph g(t) c tc chip Rp (chip/s). Gi thit tc bng truyn ca X(t) v g(t) l R(Hz) v Rp(Hz). Nu tn hiu d liu c bng hp hn so vi m tri ph th tn hiu sau khi tri ph s c rng bng truyn ca m tri ph.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Ti b iu ch, tn hiu c nhn vi dy m tri ph l bn sao ng b vi m tri ph pha pht. Gi s vic nhn l l tng, ngha l tn hiu mong mun s c nn ph v tt c cc tn hiu khng mong mun (nhiu) s c tri rng ra. Do mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu sau khi nn c tng ln cn cc thnh phn khng mong mun b gim i, r rng t s tn hiu/tp m (S/N) u ra ca my thu c ci thin. 2.1.4. Cc h thng thng tin tri ph
Tri ph dy trc tip: tn hiu mang thng tin c nhn trc tip m tri
ph tc cao.
Tri ph nhy tn: M tri ph iu khin b to dao ng sng mang lm
tn s sng mang thay i, sau sng mang ny li c iu ch vi d liu.

Tri ph dch thi gian: Trong k thut ny, d liu c tc dng bit khng
i R c phn phi khong thi gian truyn dn di hn thi gian cn thit truyn i dng tin ny bng cch truyn dn thng thng. Dng bit s c gi i theo s iu khin ca m nhy thi gian. V vy c th ni dng bt b tri ra theo thi gian v pha thu bt hp php khng th bit tp con d liu no ang c s dng.
H thng lai: Bn cnh cc h thng miu t trn, iu ch hybrid ca
h thng DS v FH c s dng cung cp thm cc u im cho c tnh tin li ca mi h thng. Thng thng a s cc trng hp s dng h thng tng hp bao gm (1) FH/DS, (2) TH/FH v (3) TH/DS. Cc h thng tng hp ca hai h thng iu ch tri ph s cung cp cc c tnh m mt h thng khng th c c. Mt mch khng cn phc tp lm c th bao gm bi b to dy m v b t hp tn s cho trc. 2.1.4.1 H thng tri ph trc tip (DS/SS) Trong giao thc DS-CDMA, tn hiu d liu c nhn trc tip vi m tri ph, sau , tn hiu thu c iu ch sng mang bng rng.
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D liu nh phn B to m
iu ch bng rng To sng mang ng b m
Gii iu ch To sng mang
Gii m iu ch B to m
D liu
Hnh 2.4.S my pht/thu DS-SS. B iu ch bng rng thng l b iu ch PSK.
D liu Tn hiu m D liu x M Tn hiu iu ch BPSK
Hnh 2.5. Tn hiu tri ph SS iu ch BPSK Trong , iu ch bng rng s dng l BPSK v tc chip gp 10 ln tc thng tin. My thu thc hin gii iu ch sng mang i vi tn hiu thu t anten, sau s dng gii iu ch nht qun nn tn hiu tri ph, s dng dy m ni b, c ng b vi dy m ca tn hiu thu c. iu ny c thc hin bi khi bm v ng b m. Trong h thng ny, tn hiu nh phn c nhn vi chui nh phn gi ngu nhin c tc bit ln hn rt nhiu. u im ca DS-CDMA: -Vic m ho d liu n gin c th thc hin bng mt b nhn.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA -B to sng mang l n gin do ch c mt sng mang c pht i. -C th thc hin vic gii iu ch nht qun tn hiu tri ph. Nhc im ca DS-CDMA: -Kh ng b gia tn hiu m ni b v tn hiu thu. -Do nhc im trn kt hp vi c im cc bng tn lin tc ln khng sn c nn bng tn tri ph b hn ch l 10-20 MHz. -Ngi s dng gn BS s pht mc cng sut ln hn nhiu so vi nhng ngi s dng xa. V mt thu bao s truyn dn trn ton b bng tn mt cch lin tc nn ngi s dng gn BS s gy nhiu ln cho nhng ngi s dng xa BS. Hiu ng gn-xa ny c th c khc phc bng cch p dng thut ton iu khin cng sut trong mc cng sut trung bnh m BS nhn t mi BS l ging nhau. 2.1.4.2 H thng tri ph nhy tn (FH/SS) Trong giao thc ny, tn s sng mang (c iu ch bi tn hiu thng tin) thay i theo chu k. C sau khong thi gian T tn s sng mang li nhy ti mt gi tr khc. Quy lut nhy tn do m tri ph quyt nh.
f f
t FH DS
Hnh 2.6. S chim dng thi gian/tn s ca cc h thng FH&DS. Vic chim dng tn s trong 2 h thng DS-SS v FH-SS khc nhau. H thng DS chim dng ton b bng tn ti mt khong nh ca thi gian truyn dn. Nh vy cng sut m 2 h thng truyn i trong mt bng tn tnh trung bnh l nh nhau.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA D liu c iu ch bng gc bi mt sng mang. Tn s sng mang c bin i ln tn s truyn dn nh b tng hp tn s, c iu khin bi m tri ph. Ti pha thu, tn hiu nhn c c i tn xung tn s sng mang bng gc nh b tng hp tn s iu khin bi m tri ph, to ra bi b pht m ni b my. Sau khi gii iu ch sng mang bng gc thu c d liu ban u. B bm ng b m bo rng vic nhy tn ca sng mang ni ng b vi sng nhn c. C hai loi nhy tn c phn bit da vo tc nhy tn ca sng mang l nhy tn nhanh F-FH v nhy tn chm S-FH. Vi F-FH, tc nhy tn ca sng mang ln hn nhiu so vi tc d liu. Do , nhiu tn s c truyn i trong thi gian mt bit. Vi S-FH, tc nhy tn ca sng mang nh hn nhiu so vi tc d liu. Do , nhiu bit c truyn i mt tn s.
B pht m iu ch bng gc B bin i ln Tng hp tn s Tng hp tn s B pht m B bin i xung Gii iu ch d liu
D liu
D liu
Hnh 2.7.S khi my pht v thu FH-CDMA. u im ca FH-CDMA ng b ca FH-CDMA d dng hn nhiu so vi DS-CDMA. Vi FHCDMA vic ng b c thc hin trong tng khong thi gian bc nhy tn. V vic tri ph dnh c khng phi do s dng tn s nhy tn cao m do s dng mt t hp rt ln cc tn s nn thi gian bc nhy tn s ln hn nhiu so vi thi gian chip ca h thng DS-CDMA. Do , FH-CDMA cho php mt t l li ng b ln hn. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Cc bng tn khc nhau ca tn hiu FH khng phi l nhng bng tn
ln cn nhau. Kt hp vi u im d ng b nn FH-CDMA cho php lm vic vi cc bng tn tri ph ln hn nhiu so vi DS-CDMA. Do h thng cho php s dng mt bng tn ln hn nn n c kh nng loi tr nhiu bng hp tt hn so vi h thng DS. Nhc im ca FH-CDMA H thng yu cu b tng hp tn s phc tp. Vic gii iu ch nht qun kh thc hin.
2.1.4.3 H thng tri ph nhy thi gian (TH/SS) Nhy thi gian tng t nh iu ch xung. Ngha l, dy m ng/m b pht, thi gian ng/m b pht c chuyn i thnh dng tn hiu gi ngu nhin theo m v t c 50% yu t tc ng truyn dn trung bnh. S khc nhau nh so vi h thng FH/SS n gin l trong khi tn s truyn dn bin i theo mi thi gian chip m trong h thng FH/SS th s nhy tn s ch xy ra trong trng thi dch chuyn dy m trong h thng TH/SS. Hnh 2.11 l s khi ca h thng TH/SS. Ta thy rng b iu ch rt n gin v bt k mt dng sng cho php iu ch xung theo m u c th c s dng i vi b iu ch TH/SS.
Hnh 2.8 H thng TH n gin
TH/SS c th lm gim giao din gia cc h thng trong h thng ghp knh Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA theo thi gian v v mc ch ny m s chnh xc thi gian c yu cu trong h thng nhm ti thiu ho d gia cc my pht. M ho nn c s dng mt cch cn thn v s tng ng cc c tnh nu s dng cng mt phng php nh cc h thng thng tin m ho khc. 2.1.4.4 H thng lai (Hybrid) Bn cnh cc h thng miu t trn, iu ch hybrid ca h thng DS v FH c s dng cung cp thm cc u im cho c tnh tin li ca mi h thng. Thng thng a s cc trng hp s dng h thng tng hp bao gm (1) FH/DS, (2) TH/FH, (3) TH/DS. Cc h thng tng hp ca hai h thng iu ch tri ph s cung cp cc c tnh m mt h thng khng th c c. Mt mch khng cn phc tp lm c th bao gm bi b to dy m v b t hp tn s cho trc. 2.2. Tng quan cng ngh CDMA 2.2.1. Khi nim CDMA CDMA l h thng a truy nhp theo m da trn k thut iu ch tri ph, cc thu bao s dng chung tn s v thi gian v c phn bit nhau bng mt m duy nht gi l m tri ph (hay dy tp m gi ngu nhin PN). L thuyt v CDMA c xy dng t nhng nm 1950 v c p dng trong thng tin qun s t nhng nm 1960. Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh bn dn v l thuyt thng tin trong nhng nm1980, CDMA c thng mi ha t phng php thu GPS v Ommi-M vo nm 1990. Knh v tuyn c dng li mi cell trong ton mng, v nhng knh ny cng c phn bit vi nhau nh m tri ph gi ngu nhin. Mt knh CDMA rng 1,23MHz vi hai di bin phng v 0,27MHz, tng cng 1,77MHz. CDMA dng m tri ph c tc ct (chip rate) 1,2288MHz. Dng d liu gc c m ho v iu ch tc ct. Tc ny chnh l tc m u ra ca my pht PN.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA nn ph tr li d liu gc th my thu phi dng m tri ph PN chnh xc nh khi tn hiu c x l my pht. Nu m PN my thu khc hoc khng ng b vi m PN tng ng my pht th tin tc khng th thu nhn c. Trong CDMA s tri ph tn hiu phn b nng lng tn hiu vo mt di tn rt rng hn ph ca tn hiu gc, pha thu, ph ca tn hiu li c nn tr li v ph ca tn hiu gc.
9.6 Kbps M ha v chn Ngun PN 1.288Mbps Sng mang BPF BPF Ngun PN 1.25M 1.25M 1.288Mbps Ngun PN M ha v chn
Sng mang
Hnh 2.9. S pht/thu CDMA 2.2.2. Cc c tnh ca CDMA a. Tnh a dng ca phn tp Trong h thng thng tin v tuyn bng hp, tnh a ng to nn fading nghim trng. Vi h thng CDMA, fading a ng gim ng k do pha thu cc tn hiu qua cc ng khc nhau c thu nhn mt cch c lp. Tuy nhin, hin tng ny khng th loi tr hon ton do fading xy ra mt cch lin tc nn b gii iu ch khng th x l tn hiu thu mt cch c lp c. gii quyt vn ny m khng phi tng cng sut, khong cch ti s dng knh, mt hnh thc c s dng tt nht l phn tp. C 3 loi phn tp l: Phn tp thi gian t c nh s dng vic chn v m sa sai. Vic chn d liu lm nng cao cht lng ca vic sa li bng cch tri cc li trn trc thi gian. Cc li trn thc t thng xut hin khi gp chng ngi vt, do khi s liu c tch, cc li tri ra trn mt khong thi gian ln hn. Trong CDMA s dng phng php m ho xon trong b pht v gi m Viterbi. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Phn tp tn s H thng CDMA bng rng ng dng phn tp theo tn s nh vic m rng cng sut tn hiu trong mt bng tn rng. Mt khc nhiu trong thi im nht nh ch sy ra ti mt on bng tn hp c th no . Do vy cc s gim tn hiu v tuyn ch nh hng ti mt phn rng bng tn hiu CDMA, phn ln thng tin l nhn c. Kt qu l vi mt phn nh thng tin b sai lch th ti u thu ta d dng khi phc li thng tin ban u. Phn tp khng gian Phn tp theo khng gian hay theo ng truyn c th t c theo 3 phng php sau: Thit lp nhiu ng bo hiu (chuyn vng mm) kt ni my di S dng mi trng a ng qua chc nng tri ph ging nh b thu t nhiu anten ti BS. Mi trm thu pht s dng 2 anten thu loi ng ng thi vi hai hoc nhiu BTS qut thu nhn v t hp cc tn hiu pht vi cc tn hiu pht khc tr thi gian. b faing tt hn. b. iu khin cng sut Trong thit k h thng thng tin di ng c mt vn t ra l hin tng hiu ng gn xa trong thng tin di ng CDMA. Gi s trong h thng c hai i tng s dng cng lin lc vi trm gc, mt i tng gn cn mt i tng xa trm gc nhiu hn. Khi mc cng sut tn hiu ca i tng gn c th ln hn mc tn hiu ca my di ng xa hng chc dB. Kt qu l trm gc c kh nng thu tt tn hiu ca my thu gn. Do mc tn hiu ca my thu gn l rt ln, c hai my thu cng s dng chung bng tn ch khng ng b nn mc nhiu nn ca my thu th nht gy nh hng rt ln n cht lng my thu th hai v dn n t l li bit ca my thu th hai rt cao. H thng CDMA cung cp chc nng iu khin cng sut 2 chiu (t BS n MS v ngc li) cung cp mt h thng c dung lng lu lng ln, cht lng dch v cuc gi cao v cc li ch khc. Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut pht ca my di ng l iu khin cng sut pht ca my di ng sao cho tn hiu pht ca tt c cc my di ng trong mt vng phc v mc thp nht cn thit, Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA va m bo yu cu ti thiu m khng gy ra nhiu qu mc ln cc tnhiu khc. Nh vy s m bo t l tn hiu/nhiu giao thoa cc tiu cn thit ti cc trm gc. i vi tuyn ln iu khin cng sut c hai chc nng: Cn bng cng sut m BS nhn t mi MS, nh khc phc hiu ng Ti thiu ho mc cng sut pht i bi mi MS sao cho vn m bo gn xa, hiu ng che khut tng dung lng h thng. cht lng dch v tin cy. Nh gim nhiu ng knh, tng dung lng trnh nguy hi cho sc kho, ko di tui th ngun cng sut MS i vi tuyn xung iu khin cng sut : phc v. nng. Ti thiu ho mc cng sut cn thit m vn m bo cht lng dch v tt. Nh gim nhiu ln cn, tng dung lng h thng, tc hi ti sc kho. iu khin cng sut pht ca MS trong h thng CDMA c ba phng php: tham gia. iu khin cng sut ng xung trong c s tham gia ca trm di ng v trm gc. c. Cng sut pht thp Trong h thng CDMA, khi gim tham s Eb/No (tng ng t s tn hiu/nhiu) ti mc chp nhn c s lm tng dung lng h thng ng thi lm gim cng sut pht yu cu khc phc tp m v giao thoa, ngha l gim cng sut pht yu cu i vi my di ng. iu ny s dn n gim gi thnh MS v cho php n hot ng vng rng hn vi cng sut thp khi so vi h thng tng t hoc TDMA c cng cng sut. iu khin cng sut mch vng h ch c trm di ng tham gia. iu khin cng sut mch vng kn c c trm di ng v trm gc To kh nng dn tri lu lng gia cc c lu lng ti khng bng nhau trong vng phc v bng vic iu khin nhiu xuyn i vi cc c ti m bo ph sng vi cht lng tt cho nhng vng ti nht trong vng
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA u im ca h thng CDMA l lm gim cng sut pht trung bnh: trong h thng bng hp thng thng, cng sut pht cao lun c yu cu khc phc fading to ra theo thi gian; vi h thng CDMA th cng sut trung bnh c th gim v cng sut yu cu ch pht i khi c iu khin cng sut v cng sut pht s tng khi c fading. d. B m ho-gii m thoi tc s liu bin i CDMA tn dng thi gian lng trong cuc m thoi nng cao dung lng ca h thng. B m ho-gii m thoi ca h thng CDMA c thit k vi tc bin i 8Kbps. Dch v thoi 2 chiu ca tc s liu bin i cung cp thng tin thoi c s dng thut ton m ho-gii m thoi tc s liu bin i ng gia BS v my di ng. Hai b m ho-gii m thoi thng tin vi nhau 4 nc truyn dn: 9600bps, 4800bps, 2400bps, 1200bps. Cc tc ny c chn theo iu kin hot ng v theo bn tin hoc s liu (thut ton dng cho CDMA l QCELP). B m ho-gii m thoi bin i s dng ngng tng thch chn tc s liu. Khi thu bao ang m thoi tc d liu l 9600 bit/s. Khi thu bao tm ngng hoc ang nghe th tc d liu gim xung cn 1200 bit/s. Tc d liu 2400 v 4800 cng c s dng nhng khng thng xuyn bng hai tc trn.Tc d liu da trn hot ng in m c 200 ms vic quyt nh tc li thc hin li. Cc cuc m thoi thng thng c h s xp x 40%. Ngng c iu khin theo cng ca tp m v tc s liu s ch chuyn i thnh truyn dn thoi cht lng cao trong trng tp m. e. Bo mt cuc gi H thng CDMA cung cp chc nng bo mt cuc gi cao v v c bn l to ra xuyn m, mi my c cung cp m ring, vic s dng my thu tm kim v s dng bt hp php knh RF l kh trong h thng CDMA v tn hiu CDMA c trn vi m ngu nhin. V c bn th cng ngh CDMA cung cp kh nng bo mt cuc gi v cc kh nng bo v khc tiu chun xut gm kh nng xc nhn v bo mt cuc gi c nh r trong EIA/TIA IS-54B. C th m
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA ho knh thoi d dng nh s dng DES hoc cng ngh m tiu chun khc. Trong cng ngh CDMA s dng 3 loi m iu ch, nh knh, m ha l m Walsh, m PN, m Turbo to thnh 3 loi cha kha hu hiu chng truy nhp tri php. Do n c ng dng trong thng tin qun s. f. Chuyn vng mm v mm hn Khi mt thu bao i ngang qua bin gii gia hai trm gc s sy ra qu trnh chuyn vng-qu trnh MS chuyn sang mt knh lu lng mi nhm m bo tuyn v tuyn c cht lng tt. Chuyn vng cng: trong cc h thng analog v GSM do s dng cc tn s khc nhau ti cc cell lin k cho nn khi MS vt qua vng bin mt cell v i vo vng ph sng ca mt cell khc, th cn c chuyn mch ti mt knh khc trong trm ph sng mi. qu trnh chuyn vng thc hin thng qua cc mnh lnh cho MS iu chnh ti tn s mi. Qu trnh chuyn ti tn s mi lm cho knh lu lng gin on trong thi gian ngn, do gy li d liu hoc mt ng b d liu. Chuyn vng mm: khi mt thu bao CDMA i ngang qua bin gii gia hai trm gc s sy ra qu trnh chuyn vng mm. Chuyn vng mm l s ni cuc gi c hon thnh trc khi t b knh c. Qu trnh chuyn giao ny c th thc hin c bi v cc cell k nhau cng s dng chung mt tn s. i vi h thng CDMA, cc c tnh ca thng tin tri ph cho php MS nhn thng tin t hai hoc nhiu hn cc BS ng thi. Nh kh nng ny m MS c th chuyn vng t BS ny sang BS khc, t sector ny sang sector khc m khng gy ra s xo trn no ln v cc thng tin thoi v d liu. Trong h thng CDMA c chuyn vng mm v mm hn Chuyn vng mm: xut hin khi mt BS mi bt u thng tin vi MS trong khi MS vn tip tc thng tin vi BS c. MS s thng tin vi 2 BS tc l lin lc gia MS v BS xy ra ng thi hai knh ca giao din v tuyn t hai BS khc nhau.
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Cng mt tn hiu c pht t c hai BS n MS tr lnh iu khin cng sut BS1
RNC
B iu khin trm gc
BS2
Hnh 2.10.Chuyn vng mm - Chuyn vng mm hn: trong chuyn vng ny MS vng chng ln gia hai vng ph sng ca hai sector ca BS. Lin lc ca MS v BS xy ra ng thi trn hai knh ca giao din v tuyn ca hai sector khc nhau. V th cn s dng hai m ng xung khc nhau MS c th phn bit c hai tn hiu. g. Tch tn hiu thoi Trong thng tin hai chiu song cng tng qut, t s chim dng ti ca tn hiu thoi khng ln hn 35% do qu trnh m thoi ngi ni v ngi nghe c khong dng. H thng CDMA c h thng chuyn mch tt lm vic nn giao thoa ngi s dng khc gim i ng k. Dung lng h thng CDMA tng khong 2 ln v suy gim truyn dn trung bnh ca my di ng gim i l 1/2 v dung lng c xc nh theo mc giao thoa nhng ngi s dng khc. h. Gi tr Eb/No thp v chng li Tiu chun so snh hiu sut ca phng iu ch v m ho s l xc nh t s Eb/No, t s ca nng lng trn mi bit i vi mt ph cng sut tp m. Vi cc h thng bng hp rng knh b gii hn, ch cc m sa sai c hiu sut v d thp l c php s dng sao cho gi tr Eb/No cao hn gi tr m CDMA yu cu. Vi h thng CDMA cung cp mt hiu sut v d tha m sa sai cao do rng knh bng tn cao. M sa sai c s dng trong CDMA cng vi gii iu ch s liu hiu sut cao c th tng dung lng v gim cng sut yu cu vi MS nh gim Eb/No. i. Ti s dng tn s v vng ph sng Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Tt c cc BS u ti s dng knh bng rng trong CDMA. Giao thoa tng tn hiu MS thu c t MS l tng giao thoa to ra trong cc my MS khc cng BS v giao thoa to ra trong cc my MS ca BS bn cnh. Tn hiu ca mi my di ng giao thoa vi tt c tn hiu ca MS khc.Giao thoa tng t tt c cc my di dng bn cnh bng 1/2 ca giao thoa tng t cc my MS khc trong cng BS. Hiu qu ti s dng tn s ca cc BS khng nh hng l t s nhiu trn giao thoa ca cc my di ng trong cng mt trm gc, (khong 65%), l giao thoa tng t cc my di ng khc trong cng mt BS vi giao thoa t tt c cc BS.
K3 K2 K1 K2 K2 0,03% 2% K2
6%
K2
K2
Hnh 2.11 Giao thoa t BS bn cnh Giao thoa t mi BS trong vng bin th nht tng ng vi 6% ca giao thoa tng. Do , giao thoa t vng bin th nht l gp 6 ln 6%, tc l 36%, v giao thoa tng do vng th 2 v vng ngoi l nh hn 4%. Trong trng hp anten ca BTS l nh hng (tc l bp sng anten 120 o) th giao thoa trung bnh gim xung 1/3 v mi anten kim sot nh hn 1/3 s lng my di ng trong BS. Do , dung lng cung cp bi ton b h thng tng ln xp x 3 ln. (Tht ra ch l 2,55 ln do s chng chp cc anten ln cn). j. Dung lng Vic ti s dng li tn s trong h thng t ong cho php c mt mc giao thoa nht nh m rng dung lng c iu kin. CDMA iu khin giao thoa hiu qu hn h thng FDMA, TDMA.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Hiu qu ti s dng tn s trong h thng CDMA c xc nh bi t s tn hiu/nhiu to ra khng ch t mt BS m t tt c ngi s dng trong vng phc v. Do mt s cht lng ln ngi s dng c xem xt, th s liu thng k ca tt c ngi s dng l rt quan trng. V vy, s lng thp c chp nhn v giao thoa tng cng trn mt knh c tnh bng vic nhn cng sut thu trung bnh ca tt c ngi s dng vi s lng ngi s dng. Nu t s cng sut thu c vi cng cng sut tp m trung bnh m ln hn ngng th knh cung cp mt cht lng tt. Ni cch khc th giao thoa trong CDMA v TDMA tun theo quy lut s lng nh, v t l thi gian khng t cht lng tn hiu d nh c xc nh trong trng hp xu. Cc tham s chnh xc nh dung lng h thng CDMA: li x l, Eb/No (gm c gii hn fading yu cu), chu k cng sut thoi, hiu qu ti s dng tn s, s lng bp sng anten BS. Hn na, cng nhiu knh thoi c cung cp trong h thng CDMA c cng 1 t l cuc gi b chn th cng nhiu dch v thu bao c cung cp trn 1 knh. k. Dung lng mm Vi cc h thng thng tin tng t v TDMA, khi nhu cu thu bao trong t bo tng ln t ngt, lc h thng khng c kh nng x l, dn n trng thi tc nghn cuc gi. Trong h thng CDMA c mi lin quan gia s lng ngi s dng v dch v. Khi s lng MS tng ln, h thng CDMA c th tho mn cuc gi thm nh vic tng t l li bit cho ti khi cuc gi khc hon thnh. ng thi h thng CDMA s dng lp dch v cung cp dch v cht lng cao ph thuc vo gi thnh dch v v n nh cng sut (dung lng) nhiu cho nhng ngi s dng dch v lp cao. C th cung cp th t dch v u tin cao hn i vi dch v chuyn vng ca ngi s dng lp dch v cao so vi ngi s dng dch v thng thng.
33
CHNG 3 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG TH H BA UMTS W-CDMA

3.1. Khi qut v h thng W-CDMA
W-CDMA (UMTS) l tin ho ca GSM cung cp cc kh nng cho th h ba. W-CDMA c xut hai gii php cho giao din v tuyn: ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD: Frequency Division Duplex) v ghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD: Time Division Duplex). C hai giao din ny u s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng tri ph chui trc tip (DS-CDMA). Gii php FDD c trin khai rng ri cn gii php TDD ch yu dng cho cc quy m nh nh micro hay picro. Trong khun kh ti ny ta ch xt gii php FDD. Gii php FDD s dng hai bng tn 5 MHz vi hai sng mang phn cch nhau 190 MHz: ng ln s dng di tn t 1920MHz n 1980MHz, ng xung s dng di tn t 2110 MHz n 2170 MHz, khong phn cch gia ng ln v ng xung l 190 MHz. Mc d sng mang 5 MHz l sng mang danh nh nhng chng ta c th s dng sng mang t 4,4 MHz n 5MHz s dng tng bc sng mang 200 KHz. Vic chn rng bng thch hp s cho php ta trnh c nhiu giao thoa, nht l nhiu giao thoa gia cc nh khai thc khc nhau. Khc vi FDD phi s dng cp sng mang cho truyn dn song cng, TDD ch s dng mt sng mang cho truyn dn song cng tc l ng ln v ng xung ch s dng chung mt bng tn. Gii php ny s dng cc tn s nm trong di 1900MHz n 1920MHz v t 2010MHz n 2025MHz. Nguyn l FDD v TDD c minh ha cc Hnh 3.1
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Hnh 3.1 Nguyn l hot ng ca FDD (a) v TDD (b) Giao din khng gian ca W-CDMA hon ton khc vi GSM v GPRS, W-CDMA s dng phng thc tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip l 3,84Mcps. W-CDMA mng truy nhp v tuyn c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Cc phn t ca mng UTRAN rt khc so vi cc phn t ca mng truy nhp v tuyn GSM. V vy kh nng s dng li cc BTS v BSC GSM l rt hn ch, mt s nh sn sut c k hoch cung cp GSM BTS cho W-CDMA nhng con s ny rt hn hu, a s cc nh sn sut thay th GSM BTS bng RNC mi cho mng W-CDMA. Tc chip ca h thng l 3,84 Mcps, di khung l 10 ms, mi khung chia ra thnh 15 khe (256 chip/slot tc chip l 3,84Mcps). H s tri ph t 256 n 4 ng ln v t 512 n 4 ng xung. Do , tc k hiu iu ch tng ng bin i t 960 Ksymbols/s n 15 Ksymbols/s i vi ng ln FDD. phn bit cc knh t cng mt ngun, s dng m nh knh da trn c s k thut h s tri ph kh bin trc giao (OVSF). ng xung, m Gold vi chu k 10ms c s dng phn bit cc khc nhau. ng ln, m Gold hoc cc m ngn lun phin vi chu k 256 chip c dng phn bit cc UE khc nhau. V mt m ho knh th c ba tu chn c h tr: m vng, m xon v m turbo. Vic la chn loi m ho knh no l tu thuc vo cc lp trn. Khong cch sng mang danh nh l 5MHz nhng c th iu chnh Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
35
H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA bng mt mnh 200KHz tu theo yu cu ca nhiu knh ln cn, khong cch sng mang c th thay i t 4,2MHz n 5,4MHz. W-CDMA s dng rt nhiu kin trc ca mng GSM/GPRS hin c cho mng ca mnh, cc phn t nh MSC, HLR, SGSN, GGSN c th c nng cp t mng GSM/GPRS hin c c th h tr ng thi W-CDMA v GSM/GPRS trong giai on u trin khai mng W-CDMA. 3.1.1Cc thng s chnh ca WCDMA
WCDMA l h thng tri ph dy trc tip bng rng(DS-CDMA).Cc bt
thng tin ca ngi s dng c tri trn 1 bng rng bng cch nhn d liu ngi s dng vi chui dy bt gi ngu nhin(chp) thu t m tri ph ca CDMA. Tc chp ca WCDMA l 3.84Mcps vi rng bng thng l
5MHz trong khi h thng tri ph DS-CDMA c rng bng thng khong 1MHz.Cc sng mang bng rng ca WCDMA c kh nng truyn ti d liu vi tc cao. WCDMA h tr truyn d liu vi tc bt thay i ngha l
rng bng thng thay i theo yu cu.Mi thu bao s c n nh cc khung c thi gian 10ms v trong khong thi gian tc bt d liu khng thay i.Khi nhu cu truyn ti bt d liu tng, thu bao c th thay i t khung ny sang khung khc. WCDMA c hai loi ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s
FDD(Frequency Division Duplex) v ghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian TDD(Time Division Duplex). WCDMA s dng pht lin kt cho c ng ln v ng xung
WCDMA c thit k trin khai cng GSM do vy h tr chuyn giao
gia GSM v UMTS.
Bng sau Gii thiu cc tham s ch yu ca WCDMA: Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
36
H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA WCDMA dng cc m PN khc nhau phn bit cell, phn bit ngi dng 5; 10; 15; 20 MHz (WCDMA vn hnh d b). Bng tn knh Cu trc knh RF hng xung Tc chip Lp di khung iu ch tri ph
Tri ph trc tip (1,024)/4,096/8,192/16,384 Mc/s 0,22 10 ms/20 ms QPSK cn bng (hng xung) Knh QPSK kp (hng ln) Mch truyn phc hp
iu ch d liu Pht hin kt ni
QPSK (hng xung) BPSK (hng ln) Knh pilot ghp thi gian (hng ln v hng xung); khng c knh pilot chung hng xung Knh iu khin v pilot ghp thi gian Ghp knh I&Q cho knh d liu v knh iu khin
Ghp knh hng ln
a tc
Tri ph bin i v a m
H s tri ph 4-256 iu khin cng sut Tri Vng h v vng khp kn (1.6 kHz) M trc ph (hng xung) Tri ph (hng ln) Chuyn giao giao di phn bit knh, m Gold 218 M trc giao di phn bit knh, m Gold 241 Chuyn giao mm Chuyn giao khc tn s
Hnh 3.2 Lc cc tham s trong WCDMA Mi trng hot ng ca W-CDMA c chia lm 4 vng:

Vng 1 : Trong nh, pic, Rb 2Mbps, <50m. Vng 2 : thnh ph, micro Rb 384kbps, <1km.
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Vng 3 : ngoi , macro, Rb 144 kbps, <35km. Vng 4 : Ton cu, Rb=9,6 kbps, >35km.
Cc dch v m W-CDMA mang li: Kiu Dch v di ng loi Phn Dch v chi tit Di ng dch v/di ng c nhn/ di ng u cui Dch v theo di di ng/dch v theo di di ng thng minh
Dch v di ng Dch v thng tin nh v Dch v m thanh
Dch v vin thng
v I
Dch nternet
-Dch v m thanh cht lng cao (1664 kbps) -Dch v truyn thanh AM (32-64 kbps) -Dch v truyn thanh FM (64-384 kbps) -Dch v s liu tc trung bnh(64-144 kbps) Dch v -Dch v s liu tc tng i s liu cao(384-2 Mbps) -Dch v s liu tc cao (2 Mbps) -Dch v video (384 kbps) Dch v -Dch v hnh chuyn ng (384 a phng kbps-2Mbps) tin -Dch v hnh chuyn ng thi gian thc (2 Mbps) Dc v Dch v thm nhp Wed (384kbps-2 Internet n Mbps) gin Dch v Dch v Internet (384 kbps-2 Mbps) Internet thi gian thc Dch v Dch v Wedsite a phng tin thi Internet a gian thc (2 Mbps) phng tin
b/ Tri ph v gii iu ch tri ph trong WCDMA Hnh 3.3 miu t nguyn l ca tri ph ( thc cht l qu trnh nn ph) trong DS-CDMA. Qu trnh tri ph trong v d ny l tri ph BPSK, do vy tn hiu tri ph thu c bng cch nhn tn hiu cn truyn vi mt dy PN gm 4 bit. Nh Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA vy tn hiu tri ph ca chng ta s c tc l 4*R ( R l cc bit d liu) v c ngu nhin nh m tri ph. Tn hiu bng rng ny s c truyn i ti u pht. Ti u thu qu trnh nn tn hiu c thc hin bng cch nhn tn hiu thu c vi dy m m ta dng tri ph tn hiu v kt qu l ta thu c ng tn hiu m ta mun truyn i t pha pht. Tuy nhin mun kt qu thu c chnh xc phi thc hin vic ng b gia bn pht v thu.
Hnh3.3Tri ph v nn tn hiu trong DSCDMA Tc ng ca tn hiu nhiu bng rng, v d nh nhiu t cc h thng CDMA khc, nhiu t cc thu bao khc ...ti tn hiu mong mun l khng n gin nh nhiu bng hp. loi tr cc nhiu khng mong mun ny ngi ta s dng cc b thu tng quan (Correlator), da trn nguyn l c bn l tc ng ca nhiu bng rng thay i theo cu trc ca tn hiu, c minh ha trn hnh 3.4. B thu tng quan thc hin tng quan m bit ca tn hiu vi cc tn hiu thu c, bao gm mt vi tn hiu bng rng (thu c t cc thu bao hay cc knh khc) cng vi nhiu thng thng ( nhiu t cc h thng v tuyn khc), v tp m (tp m gy ra do nhit). Tn hiu khi ra khi b thu tng quan l mt hm tng quan t ng ca tn hiu mong mun. Khi xut hin tp m v nhiu, lp tc n tng quan cho vi tt c cc tn hiu khc. Do vy tri ph cn phi c tnh tng quan tt c th phn bit c tn hiu mong mun v cc tn hiu khc, ngha l: Hm tng quan c mt im nhn cho dch pha 0.
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Gi tr ca hm tng quan t ng cng nh cng tt i vi tt c cc
dch pha ngoi. Gi tr ca hm tng quan cho i vi tt c cc dch pha l nh nht. Na trn hnh 3.4 biu din tn hiu thu mong mun, trong trng hp ng b l tng gia u pht v u thu. Sau b thu tng quan s tng hp kt qu ca php nhn gia d liu v m cho mi mt thu bao. Na di hnh 3.4 cho thy tc ng ca qu trnh tri ph ti cc tn hiu bng rng ca thu bao khc c tri ph bng cc m tri ph khc, v khi tn hiu tri ph bng m tri ph khc c nn li vi cng mt m ca tn hiu.
Hnh 3.4 Nguyn l b thu tng quan trong CDMA Chng ta thy cng sut trung bnh ca cc tn hiu ny m y ta coi l nhiu vi tn hiu mong mun giao ng gn 0. Nh trn hnh 3.1.4 c th nhn thy bin trung bnh ca tn hiu c ch tng theo li x l SF c lin qua ti nhiu cho UE t cc h thng khc, c ngha l c trng tng quan ca UE mong mun s tng bi SF. Tc dng ca li x l SF s c tc dng n mi h thng tri ph. SF to cho h thng CDMA c kh nng chng nhiu tt hn, nh vy trong CDMA c th s dng li tn s trong mt min c kch thc a l nh. Ly v d cho WCDMA, cho dch v thoi c tc yu cu 12.2 Kbps th li x l ca dch v thoi trong WCDMA l 10log(3.84e6/12.2e3) = 25 dB. Ti u thu sau khi c nn ph tn hiu thu c phi ln hn tn hiu nhiu cng tp m mt vi dB, thng l 5 dB, nh vy yu cu C/I bng -20dB, ni mt cch khc cng sut ca tn hiu mong mun c th nh hn cng sut tng cng ca nhiu 20dB, m b Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA thu WCDMA vn c kh nng nhn bit c hiu, so snh th yu cu ny ca h thng GSM l C/I t 9-12 dB. Do tn hiu bng rng yu cu nh hn tp m v nhiu, do vy nhn bit c cc tn hiu tri ph nu khng bit c m tri ph l v cng kh. Cng chnh v l do ny m h thng tri ph u tin c pht minh trong qun i. Chng ta cn lu mt iu l i vi tt c cc knh chng ta u c h s tri ph hay li x l cao khi tc d liu nh v ngc li. Nh nu tc d liu l 2 Mbps, th h s tri ph SF s nh hn 2 ( SF = 3.84 Mcps/2 Mbps = 1.92 tng ng vi 2.8 dB). Trong WCDMA c trm gc v UE s dng b thu tng quan ni trn. Nhng do hin tng tn hiu a ng, thng thng pha thu ca h thng CDMA khng phi ch bao gm b thu tng qua, m gm nhiu b thu tng quan c kt hp li vi nhau x l tn hiu thu a ng vi cc tr khc nhau tng hp chng thnh tn hiu c ch vi mc thu cao nht. 3.1.3 iu khin cng sut trong WCDMA iu khin cng sut cht ch v nhanh l mt yu cu hng u trong cng ngh WCDMA.Theo tiu chun ca WCDMA th iu khin cng sut thc hin c ng ln v xung c bit i vi ung ln.Trong WCDMA cc my di ng s dng chung mt tn s cho vic thu v pht tn hiu trn ton b .Cc tn s hay cn gi l cc knh c phn bit vi nhau ti trm gc nh m tri ph ca chng khc nhau do vy nu khng c iu khin cng sut mt cch thch hp th 1 in thoi di ng pht 1 cng sut qu ln s dn ti gim hiu nng dch v v lu lng ca ton b do hiu ng gn xa tc l cc my mobile phi c iu khin cng sut pht sao cho cng sut thu ca chng ti trm gc khng ph thuc vo khong cch gia chung vi trm gc. Ngoi ra iu khin cng sut thch hp s lm gim nhiu gia cc mobile vi nhau. Trong h thng thng tin di ng CDMA ngi ta s dng phng php sau iu khin cng sut:

iu khin cng sut vng h (open-loop power control). iu khin cng sut vng kn (close-loop power control) bao
gm iu khin cng sut vng trong v ngoi. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA iu khin cng sut vng h thc hin nhm nh gi mt cch tng qut v suy hao ng truyn t trm gc n thu bao. Da trn cng sut thu c trn knh hoa tiu (pilot channel). Knh hoa tiu l knh pht qung b trn ton b cell vi cng sut khng thay i. Nu tn hiu ca knh hoa tiu ny thu c ti thu bao l mnh th suy hoa ng truyn l nh v ngc li. Nhoc im ca phng php ny l do iu kin truyn sng ng ln v xung khc nhau nht l do hin tung phading nhanh nn s nh gi ny khng chnh xc. Trong h thng WCDMA phng php ny ch c dng thit lp cng sut gn ng khi thu bao truy nhp mng ln u. Trong phng php iu khin vng kn th trm gc thng xuyn nh gi t s tn hiu trn can nhiu thu c(SIR:Signal to interference Ration) v so snh n vi t s SIR t trc k hiu l SIRa. Nu t s thu c ln hn SIRa th trm gc yu cu pht vi cng sut nh hn cn trong trng hp ngc li trm gc s yu cu MS tng cng sut pht. Chu k ny c thc hin 1500 ln trong 1 giy. Tc ny m bo cao hn mi s thay i suy hao ng truyn v thm ch cn nhanh hn phadinh nhanh khi MS chuyn ng vi tc thp. iu khin cng sut vng kn trn cng c p dng cho iu khin cng sut pht ca trm di ng ng xung(iu khin cng sut vng trong). Tuy hiu ng ng xa khng xut hin trn ng xung do tn hiu u xut pht t trm di ng n cc mobile trong . Nhng iu khin cng sut ng xung s to c mc d tr cng sut cho cc mobile chuyn ng ti bin gii cc khi chng chu nh hng nhiu t cc khc tng ln. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi (outer loop power control) c dng hiu chnh gi tr SIR ti trm gc cho ph hp vi yu cu ca tng ng truyn v tuyn m bo rng cht lng ng truyn v tuyn l nh nhau trong mi trng hp. 3.1.4 Sng mang
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Hnh 3.5 minh ha nh khai thc c ti nguyn tn s 15 MHz c chia thnh 3 di. Khong phng v gia cc di ni b nh hn gia cc nh khai thc. o lng v chuyn giao gia cc di tn s c WCDMA ng dng.
Hnh 3.5 Tn s hot ng ca WCDMA 3.1.5 a tc Nhiu dch v c tch hp trn mt knh DPDCH. Vic tch hp trn c th c thc hin c trc v sau qu trnh m ho (hnh 3.6). Sau khi tch hp cc dch v ny v m ho knh, d liu c ghp vo mt knh DPDCH.
Hnh 3.6 Cc dch v tch hp trong WCDMA Ta c th ghp song song cc dch v vo cc knh DPDCH khc nhau vi nhiu kiu m. Vi cch ny cng sut v cht lng mi loi dch v c th khng ging nhau. Truyn a m yu cu cng sut truyn cao v tng quan cao hn trong khi thu. Vi BER = 10-3, dng m ho xon 1/3. t c cht lng dch v cao m Reed-Soloman c s dng, BER = 10-6. Vic truyn li c th c s dng vi cc d liu khng yu cu thi gian thc. 3.1.6 Gi d liu WCDMA c hai kiu gi d liu c th c s dng truyn. Gi d liu ngn c th gn trc tip vo cm truy cp ngu nhin, phng php ny c gi l truyn gi d liu knh chung, c s dng cho cc gi d liu ngn v xut
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA hin khng thng xuyn. Khi s dng knh chung hng ln, gi d liu c gn trc tip vo cm truy cp ngu nhin. Gi d liu knh chung thng ngn v xut hin khng thng xuyn do tr kt hp trong truyn dn i vi knh dnh ring khng ng k. (Gi d liu knh chung s dng vng iu khin cng sut h).
Hnh 3.7 Truyn gi d liu knh chung Vi cc gi d liu ln v xut hin thng xuyn c truyn trn knh dnh ring. Knh dnh ring c gii phng ngay sau khi d liu c truyn. Khi truyn nhiu gi phi c thng tin ng b gia cc gi d liu k tip.
3.2. Cu trc v chc nng cc phn t trong h mng W-CDMA UMTS 3.2.1.
Cu trc tng qut ca h thng Phn ny s xt tng quan cu trc ca h thng W-CDMA. Cu trc ny bao gm cc phn t mng logic v cc giao din. H thng W-CDMA gm mt s cc phn t logic, mi phn t c mt chc nng xc nh. S tng quan ca h thng thng tin di ng th h ba W-CDMA c cho hnh 3.8. T s khi tng qut ta c th thy mng thng tin di ng th h ba W-CDMA gm hai mng con: mng li v mng truy nhp v tuyn. Mng li gm cc trung tm chuyn mch knh (MSC) v cc nt h tr chuyn mch gi (SGSN). Cc knh thoi v knh truyn s liu c kt ni vi cc mng ngoi thng qua cc trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng cng (GMSC) v nt chuyn mch gi cng (GGSN). kt ni trung tm chuyn mch knh vi cc mng ngoi nh ISDN, PSTN th cn c thm phn t lm chc nng tng tc mng (IWF). Ngoi cc trung tm chuyn mch knh v cc nt h tr chuyn mch gi, mng li cn c cc c s d liu cn thit cho mng thng tin di ng nh: HLR, AUC v EIR. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Mng truy nhp v tuyn gm cc phn t sau: RNC: b iu khin mng v tuyn - Vai tr nh BSC mng GSM. NB: nt B - ng vai tr nh BTS mng GSM. MS: trm di ng. TE: thit b u cui.
Hnh 3.8 Cu trc h thng UMTS Giao din gia MSC v RNC l Iu-CS, giao din gia SGSN v RNC l Iu-PS, giao din gia cc RNC vi nhau l Iur, giao din gia RNC v Nt B K hiu: USIM (User Sim Card): Th Sim Card ca ngi s dng. MS (Mobile Station): My in thoi di ng. RNC (Radio Node Controller): B iu khin trm gc.
MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center): Trung tm chuyn mch cc
dch v di ng. VLR (Visitor Location Register): B ghi nh v tm tr. SGSN (Servicing GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr GPRS phc v.
GMSC (Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center): Trung tm chuyn
mch cc dch v di ng cng. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr GPRS cng. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA HLR (Home Location Register): B ghi nh v thng tr.
UTRAN (UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network): Mng truy nhp v
tuyn mt t UMTS. CN (Core Network): Mng li. Hin ti tin trnh tiu chun ho UMTS ang c trin khai. Phn mng truy nhp ca UMTS l UTRAN c chun ho. Thng 01/1998, ETSI quyt nh s dng UTRA FDD hay W-CDMA trn bng tn i v UTRA TDD hay TD/CDMA trn bng tn n.
3.2.2.
Chc nng ca cc phn t trong h thng
Cu trc h thng W-CDMA c xy dng da trn c s ca cu trc h thng UMTS. H thng UMTS bao gm cc phn t mng logic v cc giao din. Mi phn t mng thc hin mt s chc nng nht nh. V mt chc nng, cc phn t mng c nhm thnh mng truy nhp v tuyn (RAN) thc hin chc nng lin quan n v tuyn v mng li (CN) thc hin cc chc nng chuyn mch, nh tuyn cuc gi v kt ni s liu. Ngoi hai mng ny th hon thin h thng cn phi c thit b ngi s dng (UE). UE thc hin giao din gia ngi s dng vi h thng.
3.2.3.
Mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN
3.2.3.1. Nhng yu cu:
UTRA phi h tr tc s liu cao, t nht l 384kbps trong vng ph

sng ln v 2Mbps trong nh hoc vng ph sng tng thp.
UTRA cng phi h tr cc dch v mc linh hot cao nh cc dch v

chuyn mch gi hoc chuyn mch knh. Phi h tr nhiu tc truyn. a dch v trn mt kt ni cng l mt dch v cn phi c h tr.
UTRA phi mnh hn GSM v mt dung lng. UTRA phi cung cp cc chc nng h tr hai ch cng tn ti song
song vi GSM.
3.2.3.2. c tnh mng UTRAN 1. Ph tn

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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Ph tn h thng thng tin di ng mt t UMTS gm:
Bng tn kp (1920 - 1980 MHz v 2110 - 2170 MHz). Bng tn n (1910 - 1920 MHz v 2010 - 2025 MHz).
Di ph trn c la chn c Chu u v Nht Bn. Cn Bc M th rt tic n c s dng cho cc h thng PCS.
2. Hai ch kp
Trc ht ta phi phn bit c cc khi nim UTRA FDD hay W-CDMA v UTRA TDD hay TD/CDMA. T h thng IMT-2000, Chu u, ETSI xy dng nn h thng UMTS c giao din v tuyn l UTRAN c hai ch hot ng l UTRAN FDD v UTRAN TDD u s dng cng ngh nn tng l WCDMA. Trong khi Nht, ARIB cng xy dng nn mt h thng 3G tng t UMTS Chu u v giao din v tuyn cng c hai ch l W-CDMA v TD/CDMA cng s dng cng ngh W-CDMA lm nn tng. Nh vy ta c th hiu n gin l UTRA FDD Chu u v W-CDMA Nht l mt, s dng bng tn kp c ng ln v xung hai di tn s khc nhau phn chia theo tn s, cn UTRA TDD Chu u v TD/CDMA Nht l mt, s dng bng tn n c ng ln v xung cng bng tn nhng c phn chia theo khe thi gian. Nh vy, hai ch c nh ngha trong UTRA l FDD v TDD. C hai ch u l CDMA bng rng (W-CDMA) vi rng knh v tuyn l 5MHz v c pht trin nhm s dng ti a hiu qu v li ch ca CDMA. ETSI ang n lc nhm kt hp hi ho gia hai ch ny. Hin ti ETSI ch ch trng n ch FDD v ngi ta cha r l liu TDD c c a vo h thng UMTS pha 1 hay khng. Tng t, t chc tiu chun Nht Bn (ARIB) cng cha coi TD/CDMA l mt la chn d phng. TD/CDMA s c s dng trn bng tn n. Li ch ca TD/CDMA (cng nh UTRA TDD) l kh nng qun l lu lng khng song cng (lu lng gia ng ln v ng xung khc nhau). Bi TD/CDMA c ng ln v ng xung trn cng mt bng tn ch phn cch v mt thi gian, nn i vi vic truyn s liu khng cn bng gia ng ln v ng Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA xung, hiu qu ph ca ch TD/CDMA s cao hn so vi ch W-CDMA (n nh hai bng tn ring cho ng ln v ng xung). Ly Internet l mt v d in hnh, rt nhiu thng tin c ti xung t cc trang WEB m rt t thng tin c gi i. Nh vy ta c th thy ch UTRA TDD Chu u (TD/CDMA Nht) u im hn ch UTRA FDD (W-CDMA), tuy nhin ch ny c th cha c trin khai ngay trong pha 1 v l do phc tp ca k thut.
3. Dung lng
UTRAN h tr c tc bit thp v tc bit cao. Tc 384 Kbps khi chuyn ng v 2 Mbps khi c nh m bo p ng nhu cu khc nhau ca ngi s dng t thoi ti a dch v multimedia. Ngi s dng s nhn thy hiu qu ng dng cao hn so vi cc ng dng ngy nay ang s dng trn mng di ng. a dng tc truyn s liu cng thc hin c bng cch s dng cc phng php tri ph ng v tng thch nng lng truyn sng.
4. D liu chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh

Cc dch v gi a ra kh nng lun lun trc tuyn - online i vi cc ng dng m khng cn chim mt knh ring bit. Cc dch v gi cng cho php ngi dng tr tin cc trn c s tng s byte s liu trao i qua mng m khng phi tr tin theo thi gian kt ni. UTRAN c mt ch ti u gi. N h tr truyn nhanh cc gi t xut, truyn trn knh ring khi lu lng gi ln v lin tc. Cc dch v d liu gi rt quan trng i vi vic xy dng cc ng dng kinh t cho truy nhp mng LAN v Internet. Cc dch v chuyn mch knh tc cao l cn thit i vi cc ng dng thi gian thc, v d nh hi ngh truyn hnh.
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3.2.3.3. Cu trc mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN
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Hnh 3.9 Cu trc h thng W-CDMA Mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN bao gm hai hay nhiu h thng con mng v tuyn (RNS: Radio Network Subsystem), c ngha l RNS l mt mng con trong mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN. Mi mt RNS bao gm cc Nt B (Node B) v mt b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC (Radio Network Controler), mi RNC c th kt ni vi mt hay nhiu Node B. Cc node B c kt ni vi RNC thng qua giao din Iub v cc RNC c kt ni vi nhau thng qua giao din Iur. Kin trc UTRAN c m t hnh 3.9 Chc nng ca cc phn t trong h thng con mng v tuyn: Nt B (NodeB): chuyn i dng d liu gia cc giao din Iub v Uu. Do , chc nng ch yu ca Nt B l thc hin x l lp vt l ca giao din v tuyn (m ho knh, an xen, thch ng tc , tri ph, iu khin cng sut...). Ngoi ra, nt B cn tham gia khai thc v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC): l phn t mng chu trch nhim iu khin cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca UTRAN. RNC giao din vi mng li v kt cui giao thc iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn (giao thc ny nh ngha cc bn tin v cc th tc gia UE v UTRAN). RNC l im truy nhp tt c cc dch v do UTRAN cung cp cho mng li, chng hn nh qun l tt c cc kt ni n UE. RNC iu khin mt nt B cho trc c xem nh RNC iu khin (CRNC). CRNC chu trch nhim iu khin ti v nghn cho cc ca mnh. Khi mt kt ni UE-UTRAN s dng nhiu ti nguyn t nhiu RNC th cc RNC tham d vo kt ni ny s c hai vai tr logic ring bit.
RNC phc v (SRNC): l RNC kt cui c on ni Iu truyn ti s liu
ngi s dng ln bo hiu iu khin tng ng cho s liu ngi s dng n v Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA t mng li. SRNC cng l RNC kt cui bo hiu RRC gia UE v UTRAN. Ti mi thi im UE ch c mt SRNC. RNC tri (DRNC): l mt RNC bt k trong mng UTRAN. Khi cn DRNC c th tham gia vo kt hp phn chia v phn tp v m. DRNC khng thc hin x l s liu lp on ni s liu ti/t giao din v tuyn m ch nh tuyn s liu trong sut gia cc giao din Iub v Iur. Mt UE c th khng c hoc c mt hay nhiu DRNC ti mi thi im.
3.2.4.
Mng li
Cc phn t chnh ca mng li CN c trnh by trong hnh 3.9, cc phn t ny thc hin cc chc nng lin quan n chuyn mch nh tuyn v kt cui s liu. Chc nng c th ca tng phn t nh sau: HLR l mt c s d liu c t ti h thng ch nh ca ngi s dng lu gi thng tin chnh v l lch dch v ca ngi s dng bao gm: thng tin v dch v c php, cc vng khng c chuyn mng v thng tin v cc dch v b xung nh trng thi v s ln chuyn hng cuc gi. Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng/b ghi nh v tm tr (MSC/VLR): L tng i (MSC) v c s d liu (VLR) cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh cho UE ti v tr hin thi ca n. Chc nng ca MSC l s dng cc giao dch chuyn mch knh cn chc nng ca VLR l lu gi vn bn sao lu v l lch ca ngi s dng khch cng nh v tr chnh xc hn ca UE trong h thng ang phc v. Phn mng c truy nhp qua MSC/VLR thng c gi l vng chuyn mch knh CS. GMSC (Gateway MSC): L chuyn mch ti im kt ni UMTS PLMN v mng CS bn ngoi (CS ext). GMSC trn thc t thng c tch hp vo cng MSC/VLR.
SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): im h tr GPRS ang phc v,
SGSN trong W-CDMA UMTS khc vi SGSN trong GPRS giao din vi RNC. Cc giao din Iu-PS c a vo W-CDMA UMTS tng cng cho Gb l giao din ni gia BSS v SGSN trong GPRS. Giao din Iu-PS c kh nng h tr cc dch v thi gian thc. Mt im khc na gia 2,5G v 3G SGSN l chc nng nn v mt m, 2,5G SGSN ti u ho s s dng on ni v tuyn bng cch nn Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA tiu TCP/IP cn 3G th khng cn. W-CDMA UMTS c hai GTP Tunnel mang cc b s liu ca ngi s dng: GTP-U Tunnel gia GGSN v SGSN v mt tunnel khc gia SGSN v RNC, cn GPRS ch c mt tunnel gia GGSN v SGSN. GGSN (Gateway SGSN): GGSN l im neo cho UE v c th c coi nh l mt Router mc nh. Vic chn GGSN da trn APN (Acces Point Name: tn im truy nhp). Khi UE yu cu thit lp mt PDP context, APN c t vo yu cu. Trn c s yu cu APN, SGSN hi DNS xc nh GGSN ch chuyn yu cu. Tr li DNS xc nh GGSN v PDP context c thit lp vi GGSN ny. GGSN trong W-CDMA UMTS ging vi GGSN trong GPRS. Nhng cn lu , khc vi GGSN trong GPRS ch h tr mt PDP context cho mt ngi dng, GGSN trong W-CDMA UMTS c th h tr nhiu PDP context cho mt ngi s dng, n cng c kh nng n nh mt a ch IP cho nhiu PDP context ca mt UE, iu ny l khng th trong GPRS. Ngoi ra cn c cc phn t nh EIR, AUC, cng bin cng tng t nh trong cc mng GPRS.
3.2.5.
Thit b ngi dng UE
Thit b ca ngi s dng (UE) l thit b u cui di ng. UE gm hai phn: thit b di ng v USIM. Thit b di ng (ME: Mobile Equipment): gm u cui v tuyn v cc u ni n mng qua giao din Uu. Cc u cui di ng ban u t nht phi l song mode v c kh nng h tr c WCDMA cng nh GSM/GPRS, v giai on u vng ph ca W-CDMA UMTS cn hn ch. Module nhn dng thit b UMTS (USIM): L mt th thng minh cha nhn dng thu bao thc hin cc thut ton nhn thc, lu gi cc kho nhn thc v mt s thng tin thu bao cn thit cho u cui.
3.3. Cc giao din ca W-CDMA UMTS

Cc giao din m ca W-CDMA UMTS lin quan n vic quy hoch mng W-CDMA l Iu (CS v PS), Iub v Iur. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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3.3.1.
Giao din Iu
Giao din Iu ni mng v tuyn UTRAN vi mng li. Iu c chia thnh:
Iu-CS: l giao din ni mng v tuyn n mng li chuyn mch knh. Iu-PS: l giao din v tuyn n mng li chuyn mch gi.
Giao din Iu c mt iu khin v phn t mt ngi s dng lin quan n n. Hin nay Iu c c t vi ATM l lp on ni, tuy nhin giao din Iu c th chy trn IP trong tng lai gn. Cc mt phng iu khin Iu-PS v Iu-CS bao gm: RANAP (lp ng dng mng truy nhp v tuyn) s dng bo hiu SS7. AAL5 l lp thch ng c s dng trong mt iu khin. Trong mt ngi s dng Iu-CS c t ngay trn AAL2, bi v AAL2 h tr cho cc dch v hng kt ni cn AAL5 h tr cho cc dch v phi kt ni. GTP-U trn UDP/IP/AAL5 l mt phng ngi s dng cho Iu-PS.
3.3.2.
Giao din Iub
Giao din Iub ni cc nt B vi RNC, giao din ny cng gm mt phng iu khin v mt phng bo hiu. Mt phng iu khin giao din Iub c gi l BNAP (phn ng dng nt B), BNAP ny li c chia ra thnh BNAP chung (CBNAP) v BNAP ring (D-BNAP) tu thuc vo on ni bo hiu c s dng. ATM cng c s dng lm giao thc lp di cho giao din Iub. Giao thc Iub mt ngi s dng c nh ngha thng qua giao thc khung, n nh ngha cc cu trc khung v cc th tc iu khin trong bng cho tng kiu knh truyn ti.
3.3.3.
Giao din Iur
Giao din ny c nh ngha thng tin gia cc RNC. Giao thc mt iu khin trn giao din ny l RNSAP hot ng trn SS7, SS7 c mang bi giao din ATM trn c s AAL5. Mt ngi s dng gm giao thc khung c mang trc tip trn AAL2. Ban u giao din ny c nh ngha h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC. Tuy nhin, khi pht trin giao din ny cn h tr mt s tnh nng khc nh: h tr di ng c s gia cc RNC, h tr lu lng knh ring v knh chung, h tr qun l ti nguyn v tuyn ton cu.
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3.4. Mng truyn dn

Truyn dn trn h thng UTRAN s chc chn da trn ATM. Ngi ta tho lun vic liu tiu chun UTRAN c nn bao gm c lp truyn dn hay l nn m. Ngha l, ti thi im ny mt s nh cung cp thit b mun n phi mang tnh cht m cho php nh khai thc t do la chn. Th tc mng li s c ng dng cho truyn dn gia cc trm thu pht v tuyn v trung tm chuyn mch thng qua b iu khin trm gc (Iu, Iub). Vic s dng ATM cho php mt s lng khng l cc gi d liu c truyn mt cch hiu qu vi thi gian tr thp nht. Mt th tc ATM cho php khong 300 cuc gi c truyn ng thi trn mt lung E1/T1. ATM cng thch hp vi cc mng c s kt hp ca lu lng chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi. Lu lng gi s tng rt ln trong tng lai v mt mng chuyn mch gi l rt cn thit. ATM c xu hng c chun ho v c s dng nh mt phng tin chuyn ch d liu v mt lp tng thch ATM mi - AAL2, c xut chun ho nhm h tr cc gi nhy cm vi tr (gi mang thng tin thoi). Nh cp, s dng mng hin ti, mt s nh cung cp tin rng ATM l khng cn thit v d nh a ra gii php thay th l dng trc tip IP trn mng truyn dn SONET/SDH ch khng dng IP trn nn ATM. Vic ny c th a n mt mng chi ph thp hn m tn dng c cc k thut tri ph. Tuy nhin, cho n thi im ny IP vn cha chng t c s l mt tiu chun sn sng p ng mt cch an ton cc thng tin i hi thi gian thc v khng c tr. N cng cha chng t rng s c kh nng qun l lu lng ca chuyn mch knh. Trong trng hp chng ta phi ph thuc hon ton vo IP, n s c ci tin hoc lu lng chuyn mch knh s khng cn thit i vi UMTS. Khi tt c cc thng tin thoi v cc ng dng thi gian thc s c chuyn ch trn IP s dng th tc H.323 hin ang s dng cho Voice Over IP v Multimedia.
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3.5. Kin trc phn lp W-CDMA 3.5.1.

Nguyn tc phn lp trong h thng W-CDMA
Hnh 3.10 Phn lp h thng CDMA tng qut. Xt tng th, cc h thng cdmaOne, cdma2000, W-CDMA u xy dng da trn m hnh OSI, tr gip chc nng ca lp vt l, lp tuyn v lp mng. Lp vt l c nhim v truyn dn tng bit qua knh v tuyn. Lp tuyn thc hin vic chuyn khng c li cc bit 0 v 1 t lp vt l ln lp mng. Lp tuyn phn d liu thnh cc khung ( di khung tu thuc chun ca cdmaOne, cdma2000 hay W-CDMA) ri truyn theo trnh t, pht hin li khi nhn khung t pha i phng yu cu i phng truyn li khung v thc hin vic truyn li khung nu c i phng yu cu. Lp mng nhn thng tin t cc host, bin i chng thnh cc gi v nh hng cc gi ti ch. Lp mng cn lm nhim v iu khin tuyn cho cc gi, m trch x l cuc gi. Trong cc h thng ny, cc ng dng bo hiu thng tin trc tip vi lp ba (lp mng). Cc lp trn l rng. Tng t cc ng dng lu lng (thoi hoc s liu) thng tin trc tip vi lp mt (lp vt l). Do , ch c lp vt l l tr gip cho ng dng lu lng. Xt c th, cu trc phn lp ca W-CDMA c xy dng da trn c s cc tiu chun ca h thng UMTS: Lp vt l, lp kt ni s liu c chia thnh cc lp con v lp mng.
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3.5.2.
Lp vt l trong W-CDMA
Knh truyn ti c truyn dn nh knh vt l. Knh vt l c t chc di dng cc siu khung, khung v tuyn, khe thi gian nh ch ra trong hnh v di. L thuyt ca cu trc khung phn cp ny cng ging phn no lp khung GSM TDMA. Tuy nhin, nu vi GSM, mi ngi s dng TDMA c 1 v tr khe ring th trong W-CDMA, s ngi c th s dng ng thi ph thuc vo tc bit yu cu ca thu bao v h s tri ph hp ca chng. Cc mc di ng c th pht lin tc hoc gin on mi khe thi gian, v d nh khi dng b tch thoi (VAD).
Hnh 3.11 Cu trc knh vt l ca UTRA/IMT-2000 Siu khung UTRA/IMT-2000 gm 72 khung v tuyn, vi 16 khe thi gian trong mi khung. di ca mi khe thi gian l 0,625ms to ra 10ms v 720ms cho khung v tuyn v siu khung tng ng. di khung 10ms cng ph hp vi di khung ca m thoi ITU-G729 cho thng tin thoi trong khi n l tch con ca nhiu di khung m thoi ton tc v tc mt na ca h thng GSM. Ta cng thy rng vic xp ghp ca lung hnh ca m Videophone H.263 c th c xp xp trn cc khung v tuyn 10ms h tr cc dch v hnh tng tc khi ang di chuyn. Trn ng xung ca UTRA, knh DPDCH v DPCCH c ni bng cch ghp thi gian. Trn ng ln chng c xp ghp thnh cc nhnh modem I v Q. ch FDD, knh vt l ng xung c nh ngha bi Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA m tri ph v tn s ca n. Hn na, ng ln, cc knh bn pha v "in-pha" trc giao ca modem c dng pht thng tin iu khin v d liu ng thi song song trn nhnh I v Q ca modem v do pha sng mang tng i (I hoc Q) c bit s to thnh phn nhn dng ca knh vt l. Tri li, ch TDD, 1 knh vt l c xc nh bi m tri ph, tn s v khe thi gian ca n. Khun dng knh vt l ca UTRA v IMT-2000 cng c nhng khc nhau nhng khng c cp thm y.
3.6. Cu trc knh trong W-CDMA 3.6.1.

Cc knh logic Ngi ta nh ngha mt b phn cc knh logic khc nhau s dng cho cc dch v truyn s liu khc nhau phn lp MAC. Cc knh logic c th c chia thnh hai nhm ch yu l: nhm knh iu khin v nhm knh lu lng. Nhm knh iu khin bao gm: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. Knh iu khin qung b - BCCH. Knh iu khin nhn tin - PCCH. Knh iu khin dnh ring - DCCH. Knh iu khin chung - CCCH. Knh iu khin phn chia knh - SHCCH. Knh iu khin ring cho ODMA - ODCCH. Knh iu khin chung cho ODMA - OCCCH Knh lu lng dnh ring - DTCH. Knh lu lng dnh ring cho ODMA - DTCH. Knh lu lng chung - CTCH. Cc knh truyn ti
Nhm knh lu lng bao gm:
3.6.2.
Cc knh truyn dn c nhim v truyn thng tin gia phn lp MAC v lp vt l. Cc knh truyn ti c phn loi thnh hai nhm: cc knh ring v cc knh chung. Knh truyn ti ring Knh truyn ti chung
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Knh (UL/DL) ring (DCH) Knh qung b (BCH) (DL) Knh truy nhp ng xung (FACH) (DL) Knh tm gi (PCH) (DL) Knh truy nhp ngu nhin (RACH) (UL) Knh gi chung ng ln (CPCH) (UL) Knh ng xung dng chung (DSCH) (DL)
3.6.2.1.
Cc knh truyn ti ring(DCH-Dedicate Channel)
Mng thng tin t cc lp trn lp vt l ring cho mt ngi s dng bao gm s liu cho dch v hin thi (chng hn nh cc khung ting) v thng tin iu khin lp cao (cc lnh chuyn giao v cc bo co o c t UE). Lp vt l khng th phn bit hai loi thng tin ny nn x l nh nhau. Nh vic h tr tc bit thay i v ghp knh nn W-CDMA khng cn knh truyn ti tch bit cho s liu v iu khin ging nh GSM. Knh truyn ti ring c c trng bi cc tnh nng nh: iu khin cng sut nhanh, thay i tc s liu nhanh theo tng khung v kh nng pht n mt phn hay on bng cch thay i hng anten ca h thng anten thch ng. Cc knh ring h tr chuyn giao mm.
3.6.2.2.
Cc knh truyn ti chung
UTRA nh ngha 6 kiu knh truyn ti chung. Cc knh ny c mt s im khc vi cc knh trong GSM chng hn nh truyn dn gi cc knh chung v mt knh dng chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Cc knh chung khng c chuyn giao mm, nhng mt s knh c iu khin cng sut nhanh.
1. Knh qung b (BCH Broadcast Channel) (Down link - bt buc)

c s dng pht cc thng tin c th UTRAN hoc . Trong mt mng, s liu quan trng nht l cc m truy nhp ngu nhin v cc khe thi gian c th cp pht hay cc kiu phn tp pht c s dng cho cc knh khc mt cho trc. V UE ch c th ng k n mt nu n c th gii m knh qung b nn cn pht knh ny cng sut kh cao ph sng n ton b mi ngi trong . Tc thng tin trn knh b gii hn bi kh nng Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA gii m ca cc UE tc thp cho nn tc knh qung b UTRA l thp v c nh.
2. Knh truy nhp ng xung (FACH - Forward Access Channel)

(Down Link - bt buc) Mang thng tin iu khin n cc UE nm trong mt cho trc. Cc s liu gi cng c th c pht trn knh FACH. Trong mt c th c nhiu FACH. Mt FACH cn c tc bit thp tt c cc UE thu c. FACH khng s dng iu khin cng sut nhanh v thu ng cc bn tin c pht n c cha thng tin nhn dng trong bng.
3. Knh tm gi (PCH - Paging Channel) (Down Link - bt buc)

Mang s liu lin quan n th tc tm gi khi mng mun khi u thng tin vi UE. Tu theo cu hnh h thng bn tin tm gi c th c pht trong mt hoc trong hng trm . Vic thit k knh tm gi nh hng n cng sut tiu th ca UE ch ch. UE cng t iu chnh my thu ca mnh thu bn tin tm gi th pin ca n ch ch cng lu.
4. Knh truy nhp ngu nhin (RACH - Random Access Channel) (Up
Link - bt buc) c s dng mang thng tin iu khin t UE nh yu cu thit lp mt kt ni. Knh ny cng c dng pht i cc cm nh s liu gi t UE.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA hot ng ng, h thng phi thu c knh ny t ton b vng ph ca . Cho nn tc s liu thc t phi thp. 5.Knh gi chung ng ln (CPCH - Common Packet Channel) (Up Link - tu chn) L m rng ca knh RACH mang s liu ca ngi dng pht theo gi. FACH ng xung cng vi knh ny to nn cp knh truyn s liu. Khc vi RACH, knh ny s dng iu khin cng sut nhanh, c ch pht hin tranh chp v th tc gim st trng thi CPCH. So vi mt hoc hai khung ca bn tin RACH, truyn dn CPCH ng ln c th ko di nhiu khung. 6.Knh ng xung dng chung (DSCH - Dedicated Shared Channel) (Down Link - tu chn) Mang thng tin ca ngi dng v/hoc thng tin iu khin chung cho nhiu ngi. N gn ging knh FACH nhng h tr s dng iu khin cng sut nhanh cng nh tc bit thay i theo khung. Khng cn thit phi thu c knh ny trong ton b vng ph ca v c th s dng cc ch khc nhau ca cc phng php phn tp pht c s dng cho knh DCH ng xung. Knh ny lun lin kt vi DCH ng xung. 3.6.3 Cc knh vt l Trong phn ny chng ta phn tch cu trc knh vt l ch FDD. Cc knh vt l trong FDD c dng cu trc lp nh cc khung v tuyn v cc khe thi gian. Khung v tuyn l mt khi x l bao gm 15 khe thi gian c chiu di 38400 chip, v khe thi gian l mt khi cha cc trng bit c chiu di 2560 chip. Cu hnh khe thi gian bin i tu thuc tc bit ca knh vt l. V th s bit trn mi khe c th khc nhau i vi cc knh vt l khc nhau v trong mt vi trng hp c th bin i theo thi gian. Mt knh vt l tng ng vi mt m, mt tn s sng mang c th, v trn ng ln s c thm mt thnh phn quan h pha (0 hoc /2). Cc knh vt l c phn loi da trn hai c trng: Knh ng ln v knh ng xung. Knh ring v knh chung
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Knh (DCH) vt l ring Knh vt l chung Knh truy nhp ngu nhin (PRACH) (UL) Knh gi chung ng ln (PCPCH) (UL) Knh hoa tiu chung (CPICH) (DL) Knh iu khin chung s cp(P-CCPCH) (DL) Knh iu khin chung th cp(S-CCPCH)(DL) Knh ng b (SCH) (DL) Knh ch th bt u (AICH) (DL)
Knh iu khin vt l ring (DPCCH) (UL/DL) Knh s liu vt l ring (DPDCH) (UL/DL)
3.6.3.1. Cc knh vt l ng ln 1.
Knh vt l ring ng ln (DPDCH v DPCCH)
Truyn dn ng ln c th gm mt hay nhiu knh s liu vt l ring DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel) vi h s tri ph thay i t 256 n 4 v mt knh iu khin vt l DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) duy nht vi h s tri ph c nh bng 256. Tc s liu ca DPDCH c th thay i theo khung. Thng thng i vi dch v s liu thay i, tc s liu ca knh DPDCH c thng bo trn knh DPCCH. DPCCH c pht lin tc v thng tin v tc c pht bng ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti TFCI (Tranfer Forming Composed Indicator), chnh l thng tin DPCCH v tc s liu khung DPDCH hin hnh thng bo cho my thu v cc thng s tc thi ca cc knh truyn ti khc nhau c ghp chung trn knh DPDCH ng ln v tng ng vi s liu c pht trong cng khung. Chnh UTRAN quyt nh c cn pht TFCI hay khng. V nu cn th tt c cc UE phi m bo TFCI ng ln. Nu gii m TFCI khng ng th ton b khung s liu b mt. V TFCI ch th khun dng s liu ca cng khung nn mt TFCI khng nh hng ln cc khung khc. tin cy ca TFCI cao hn tin cy ca vic pht hin s liu ngi s dng trn knh DPDCH. V th t khi xy ra mt TFCI.
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Hnh 3.12 Cu trc khung v tuyn cho DPDCH/DPCCH ng ln.
2.
Knh truy nhp ngu nhin vt l ng ln PRACH
Knh truy nhp ngu nhin vt l PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) c s dng mang RACH.
a.
Pht RACH
Pht truy nhp ngu nhin da trn phng php phn khe ALOHA vi ch th yu cu nhn thc nhanh. UE c th bt u pht truy nhp ngu nhin ti phn u mt s khong thi gian c xc nh r, k hiu l cc khe truy nhp. C l5 khe truy nhp trn 2 khung v chng cch nhau 5120 chip. Hnh v cho thy s th t khe truy nhp v khong cch gia chng. Cc lp cao cung cp thng tin v cc khe truy nhp s dng hin thi.
Hnh 3.13 S th t cc khe truy nhp RACH v khong cch gia chng
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Hnh 3.14 Cu trc truy nhp ngu nhin Pht truy nhp ngu nhin gm mt hay nhiu tin t di 4096 chip v mt bn tin di 10ms hay 20ms. UE thng bo di ca phn bn tin cho mng bng cc ch k ring v cc khe truy nhp. Cc lp cao hn s quy nh ch k v khe thi gian truy nhp no c s dng cho di bn tin no.
b.
Phn tin t ca RACH
Phn tin t ca cm truy nhp ngu nhin gm 256 on lp ca ch k. C tng s 16 ch k c xy dng t tp 16 m Hadamard c di 16.
c.
Phn bn tin ca RACH
Hnh 3.15 Cu trc khung v tuyn phn bn tin ca RACH Khung v tuyn phn bn tin di 10 ms c chia thnh 15 khe mi khe di Tslot = 2560 chip. Mi khe gm hai phn: phn s liu mang thng tin lp 2 v phn iu khin mang thng tin lp 1. Cc phn s liu v iu khin c pht
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA ng thi. Phn bn tin di 20 ms gm hai khung v tuyn lin tip ca phn bn tin.
3.
Knh gi chung vt l ng ln PCPCH
Knh gi chung vt l PCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel) c s dng mang CPCH v y l s m rng ca RACH. S khc nhau ch yu so vi truyn s hiu RACH l knh ny c th dnh trc nhiu khung v c s dng iu khin cng sut (iu ny khng cn thit i vi RACH v n ch s dng mt hoc hai khung). CPCH i cp vi DPCCH ng xung cung cp thng tin iu khin cng sut nhanh. Ngoi ra mng cng c mt ty chn thng bo cho cc u cui pht 4 tin t iu khin cng sut trc khi pht thc s. Trong mt s trng hp iu ny c li v n cho php thc hin iu khin cng sut trc khi pht s liu thc s. Knh FACH thc hin truyn bo hiu ng xung cho u cui s dng CPCH. S d khng s dng DPDCH mang DPCCH cho bo hiu CPCH v y l knh thit lp v gii phng nhanh. Trong khi ni dung ca DPDCH c x l lp cao t ti RNC. Khi RNC mun pht bn tin bo hiu n u cui tr li s tch cc ca CPCH, mt bn tin ARQ (pht li) chng hn, kt ni CPCH c th c BS kt thc.
3.6.3.2. Cc knh vt l ng xung

Cc knh vt l ng xung c s dng ch pht phn tp pht vng h gm hai loi STTD v TSTD hoc phn tp pht vng kn c cho trong bng sau:
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Ngoi ra cn c th s dng phn tp pht ch hi tip, trong vic chn tn hiu pht i t hai anten ph thuc vo thng tin hi tip t my cm tay. Ch hi tip ny s dng cc dch pha v trong mt s trng hp s dng c bin gia hai anten. Phn tp pht khng gian - Thi gian (STTD)
Hnh 3.16 S khi h thng phn tp pht khng gian v thi gian S liu an xen c ghp chung vi bit iu khin cng sut pht TPC (Transmitter Power Control). Sau ghp s liu c a ln b m ho STTD (Space Time Transmit Diversity - Phn tp pht khng gian thi gian). Nguyn l hot ng ca b ny c cho trong hnh sau:
Hnh 3.17. Nguyn l b m ho STTD
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Cc bit knh ca s liu sau ghp xen vi cc bit iu khin cng sut c chia thnh hai lung v c a n hai anten. Hai lung ny cn c ghp vi knh hoa tiu v knh hoa tiu phn tp trc khi a n anten 1 v anten 2. my thu ca MS c th phn bit c knh pht t hai anten, hai knh phn tp pht c phn bit bi m nh knh v m ngu nhin Phn tp pht chuyn mch phn chia theo thi gian (TSTD)
Hnh 3.18 S khi h thng phn tp pht chuyn mch phn chia thi gian Trong s phn tp ny, chuyn mch thc hin chn anten pht c mt trong hai ng truyn. Tn hiu c chuyn mch hoc theo mt mu c quyt nh BS hoc theo cht lng tn hiu thu c t MS.
1.
Knh vt l ring ng xung DPCH
Knh truyn ti ring ng xung DCH (Dedicated Channel) c pht trn knh vt l ring ng xung DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel). Ch c mt kiu knh vt l ng xung l knh vt l ring DPCH ng xung. Trong mt knh DPCH ng xung, s liu ring c to ra bi lp 2 v cc lp trn, ngha l knh truyn ti ring DCH c ghp knh theo thi gian vi thng tin iu khin c to ra lp 1 (cc bit hoa tiu, cc lnh iu khin cng sut pht TPC v mt TFCI ty chn). DPCH ng xung c th c coi nh l ghp knh theo thi gian ca hai knh DPDCH v DPCCH nh ng ln. UTRAN s quyt nh c pht TFCI hay khng v nu c quyt nh th tt c cc UE phi h tr vic s dng TFCI ng xung. Cu trc khung ca DPCH ng xung l mi khung di 10 ms c chia thnh 15 khe, mi khe di Tslot = 2560 chip tng ng
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA vi mt chu k iu khin cng sut.
Hnh 3.19. Cu trc khung v tuyn cho DPDCH/DPCCH ng xung
2.
Knh hoa tiu vt l chung ng xung CPICH
CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) l knh vt l ng xung c tc c nh (30 kbit/s, SF = 256) mang chui bit/k hiu c nh ngha trc.
Hnh 3. 20Cu trc khung v tuyn cho knh hoa tiu chung ng xung Trng hp phn tp pht (vng kn hay vng h, CPICH s c pht c hai anten vi cng m nh knh v m ngu nhin ho). Trong trng hp ny chui k hiu nh trc ca CPICH s khc nhau cho anten 1 v anten 2. Trng hp khng s dng phn tp th chui k hiu ca anten 1 c s dng. C hai kiu knh hoa tiu chung: knh CPICH s cp v th cp. Chng khc nhau v lnh vc s dng v cc hn ch i vi cc tnh nng vt l ca chng.
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Hnh 3.18 Mu iu ch cho knh hoa tiu chung (vi A=1+j)
a.
Knh hoa tiu chung s cp
Knh hoa tiu chung s cp c cc c tnh sau: Lun lun s dng cng mt m nh knh c ngu nhin ho bi m ngu nhin s cp Mi c mt knh Pht qung b trn ton b CPICH l tham chun pha cho cc knh ng xung sau: SCH, CCPICH, AICH, PICH. CPICH cng l tham chun pha mc nh cho tt c cc knh ng xung khc.
b.
Knh hoa tiu chung th cp
Knh hoa tiu chung th cp c cc c tnh sau: C th s dng mt m nh knh ty vi SF = 256 c ngu nhin ho hoc bi m ngu nhin s cp hoc th cp Mt c th khng c, c mt hoc nhiu knh C th ch c pht mt phn CPICH th cp c th l tham chun cho CCPCH th cp v DPCH ng xung. Nu xy ra trng hp ny, bo hiu lp cao hn phi thng bo cho UE.
3.
Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp ng xung P-CCPCH
P-CCPCH (Primary-Common Control Physical Channel) l cc knh vt l ng xung tc c nh (30 kbit/s, SF = 256) c s dng mang BCH.
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Hnh 3.19 Cu trc khung v tuyn cho knh iu khin chung s cp Cu trc khung ca P-CCPCH khc vi DPCH ng xung ch khng c lnh TPC, TFCI v cc bit hoa tiu. P-CCPCH khng c pht trong 256 chip u ca tng khe. Trong khong thi gian ny SCH s cp v th cp c pht.
4.
Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp ng xung S-CPPCH
S-CCPCH (Secondary-Common Control Physical Channel) c s dng mang thng tin FACH v PCH. C hai kiu S-CCPCH: kiu c TFCI v kiu khng c TFCI. UTRAN xc nh c pht TFCI hay khng, nu c cc UE phi h tr vic s dng TFCI. Nu khng s dng cc bit TFCI, DTX (pht khng lin tc) s c s dng trng TFCI. Nu khun dng s dng TFCI, gi tr TFCI trong mi khung v tuyn tng ng vi mt khun dng truyn dn nht nh ca knh truy nhp ng xung FACH v (hoc) knh tm gi PCH hin ang s dng. S tng ng ny c m phn (hoc m phn li) mi khi b sung hoc loi b FACH/PCH. Tp cc tc cng ging nh i vi DPCH ng xung.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Hnh 3.20 Cu trc khung v tuyn cho S-CCPCH
5.
Knh vt l ng b ng xung SCH
Knh ng b SCH (Synchronization Channel) l tn hiu ng xung c s dng tm . SCH gm hai knh con: SCH s cp v th cp. Cc khung 10 ms ca SCH s cp v th cp c chia thnh 10 khe, mi khe di 2560 chip.
Hnh 3.21 Cu trc khung knh ng b SCH khng c m ho SCH s cp gm mt m c iu ch 256 chip, m ng b s cp PSC (Primary Synchronization) k hiu l cp. PSC nh nhau cho mi trong h thng.
6.
Knh vt l dng chung ng xung PDSCH
Knh vt l dng chung ng xung PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Chanel) c s dng mang knh dng chung ng xung. Knh ny c nhiu ngi s dng dng chung trn c s ghp knh m. V DSCH lun lin kt vi DCH nn PDSCH lun lin kt vi DPCH.
Hnh 3.22 Cu trc khung v tuyn cho knh PDSCH Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA C hai phng php bo hiu thng bo cho UE v vic c s liu cn tri m trn DSCH: hoc bng trng TFCI hoc bng bo hiu lp cao. Truyn dn PDSCH lin kt vi PPCH l trng hp c bit ca pht a m. PDSCH V PDCH khng nht thit phi c cng h s tri ph i vi PDSCH, h s tri ph c th thay i theo khung. Thng tin iu khin lp 1 lin quan c pht trn phn DPCCH ca DPCH lin kt, PDSCH khng cha thng tin lp vt l. Cc h s tri ph ca PDSCH c th thay i t 256 n 4.
7.
Knh vt l ch th bt ng xung AICH
Knh ch th bt AICH (Acquisition Indicator Channel) l mt knh vt l c s dng mang cc ch th bt. Ch th bt AIS tng ng vi ch k s trn knh PRACH hoc PCPCH. Lu rng i vi PCPCH, AICH hoc tng ng tin t truy nhp hoc tng ng tin t CD. AICH tng ng tin t truy nhp l APAICH cn AICH tng ng tin t CD l CD-AICH. APAICH v CD-AICH s dng cc m nh knh khc nhau.
Hnh 3.23. Cu trc khung v tuyn cho knh ch th bt AICH AICH gm mt chui lp ca 15 khe truy nhp lin tip AS (Access lot), mi khe di 40 bit. Mi khe gm hai phn: phn ch th bt AI Acquisition Indicator) gm 32 k hiu gi tr thc a0,..., a31 v mt phn khng s dng gm 8 k hiu gi tr thc a32,...,a39. Knh c h s tri ph bng 256.
8.
Knh vt l ch th tm gi ng xung PICH
Knh ch th tm gi PICH l knh vt l tc c nh (SF = 256) c s dng mang cc ch th tm gi PI (Paging Indicator). PICH lun lin kt vi SCCPCH m knh truyn ti PCH c sp xp ln. Mt khung PICH di 10 Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA ms cha 300 bit (b0, b1,..., b29). Trong s , 288 bit (b0, b1, ..., b287) c s dng mang cc ch th tm gi. 12 bit cn li (b288, b289, ..., b299) khng c
nh ngha. Hnh 3.24 Cu trc khung v tuyn cho knh ch th tm gi PICH
3.6.3.3. nh knh v ngu nhin ha trong cc knh vt l 1.

nh knh
S kt ni ng xung v ng ln trong 1 ca 1 UE c phn bit bng m nh knh. Cc m nh knh y phi c hiu chnh l cc m tri ph UTRA c xy dng da trn c s k thut h s tri ph kh bin trc giao OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor). K thut ny cho php thay i cc h s tri ph khc nhau v bo m tnh trc quan gia cc m nh knh c di khc nhau. Cc m nh knh ly t cy m k hiu Cch,SF,k, trong ch (Channel), SF (Spreading Factor), v 0 k SF-1 cho php nn ph theo h s tri ph nh nht.
Hnh 3.25. Cu trc cy ca m nh knh Cch chn m nh knh l chn m nh knh t nhnh c ch th bi m c h s tri ph nh nht. Mt knh vt l c th s dng mt m trong cy nu khng c knh vt l no khc c pht s dng cng cy m ang s dng mt Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA m nhnh di, ngha l s dng h s tri ph cao hn to ra t m tri ph d nh s dng.
2.
Ngu nhin ho
Qu trnh ny l cn thit phn bit cc UE v cc BS. N khng lm thay i rng bng tn, nhng n cho php phn bit cc tn hiu t cc ngun khc nhau. Sau khi ngu nhin ha tc chip vn l 3,84 Mchip/s. Ngi ta s dng m ngu nhin ho sau phn bit cc :
Ch FDD: Cc m Gold vi chu k 10 ms (38400 chip 3,84 Mchip/s) c s dng vi di m bng 2 18 -1 chip.
Ch TDD: Cc m ngu nhin ho c di 16 chip c s dng. Ngi ta s dng m ngu nhin ha sau phn bit cc thit b ngi s dng:
Ch FDD: Cc m Gold c chu k 10 ms hoc cc m S(2) c chu k 256 chip.
Ch TDD: Cc m c chu k 16 chip cng vi chui chn gia (Midamble) c di ph thuc mi trng. Bng chc nng ca cc m nh knh v m ngu nhin
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3.7. K thut v tuyn 3.7.1.

Vn iu khin cng sut
iu khin cng sut nhanh v nghim ngt l nt quan trng trong h thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh W-CDMA, nht l ng ln. Thiu iu khin cng sut mt MS pht cng sut ln s chn ton b .
1.
iu khin cng sut tuyn ln c vai tr: Cn bng mc cng sut m BS nhn t mi MS. Nh khc phc
c hiu ng gn xa v hiu ng che khut do tng dung lng ca h thng. Ti thiu ho mc cng sut pht i bi mi MS sao cho vn m bo
cht lng dch v tin cy. Nh lm gim nhiu ng knh, tng dung lng, trnh nguy hi cho sc kho, ko di tui th ngun cng sut ca MS.
2.
iu khin cng sut tuyn xung c vai tr: m bo phu sng vi cht lng tt cho nhng vng ti nht trong
vng phc v. To kh nng dn tri lu lng gia cc c lng ti khng bng
nhau trong vng phc v ( chng hanh dc theo cc ng cao tc) bng vic iu khin nhiu xuyn i vi cc h thng c ti nng.
Ti hiu ho mc cng sut cn thit pht m vn m bo cht lng
dch v tt. Nh gim nhiu ln cn, lm tng dung lng cht lng h thng v trnh tc hi ti sc kho. Cc phng tin iu khin cng sut: iu khin cng sut vng kn v iu khin cng sut vng h. Vi tuyn ln c hai phng thc ny u c s dng cn vi tuyn xung do khng c tn hiu dn ng pht i t MS n BS nn trong tuyn xung ch s dng iu khin cng sut vng kn. C ch iu khin cng sut cho tuyn ln nh sau (Hnh 3.27): u tin, khi MS thm nhp th thng th iu khin cng sut vng kn cha khi to. Lc ny, MS iu khin cng sut theo c ch vng h, Ngha lM o cng tn hiu trn knh truyn d ng thu c t BS, sau c tnh cng
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA sut pht i trn knh truy nhp. Mc cng sut pht i ny t l nghch vi cng tn hiu dn ng thu c. C th cng sut pht trung bnh ca MS l: P[dBm]=Pmean + NOM_PWR + INIT_PWR 73 Trong : Pmean: Cng sut trung bnh thu c u vo my thu ca MS NOM_PWR: H s sa i chun ho cng sut ca BS INIT_PWR: H s sa i cho cng sut ca BS
Hnh 3.26. iu khin cng sut vng h cho tuyn ln Gi tr c th ca cc thng s trn ca mi BS c truyn i trong bn tin cc thng s truy nhp truyn i trn knh nhn tin. Lc ny h thng khi to vng iu khin cng sut khp tn. Mu MS truy nhp khng thnh cng, MS s va tng cng sut pht ln tng bc gin on, gi tr mi bc k hiu l PWR_STEP, va thc hin tng tch lu nhng thay i thc hin, k hiu l SUMI1. Qu trnh c nh vy tip din cho ti khi truy nhp thnh cng MS bt u truyn knh lu lng tuyn ln vi cng sut c tnh l: P[dBm] = Pmean + NOM_PWR + INIT_PWR 73 + (tng tch lu nhng thay i truy nhp) = Pmean + NOM_PWR + INIT_PWR 73 + SUMI1
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Mt khi thng tin t MS ti c BS, BS s cn c vo t l li c thng bo bi MS v gi i thng tin iu khin cng sut vng kn t MS. Thng tin ny c thc hin bi bit iu khin cng sut. Nu bit iu khin cng sut l 0 ngha l yu cu MS tng cng sut 1dB, nu bit l 1 ngha l yu cu MS gim cng sut 1dB. BS s truyn bit iu khin cng sut cho mi MS ring bit vi tc 1,25ms mt ln (800 bps). iu ny cng c ngha l vic o cng tn hiu thu c t MS ca BS mt gn 1,25ms. Khi nhn cc bit iu khin cng sut, cng sut u ra ca MS l: P[dBm] = Pmean + NOM_PWR + INIT_PWR 73 + SUMI2 Trong : SUMI2(dB) l tng lu tch tt c nhng hiu chnh cng sut vng kn. Vic c tnh cng sut ny ca MS ch mt 500s. Phm vi thay i tng cng c tnh cng sut vng h l 24dB. Phm vi thay i ny i vi iu khin cng sut vng kn l 32dB.
Hnh 3.27. iu khin cng sut vng kn tuyn ln. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA C ch iu khin cng sut vng kn cho tuyn xung tng t nh trong tuyn ln. BS nhn thng tin do MS cung cp v cht lng tn hiu. Thng tin ny c th dng tc li khung, m MS o trong knh lu lng tuyn xung c MS thng bo mt cch c chu k hoc MS ch thng bo khi tc li vt mt ngng nht nh. Thng tin cht lng ny c truyn i trn knh lu lng tuyn ln.
Hnh 3.28. iu khin cng sut vng kn tuyn xung Phm vi thay i cng sut ca BS l 4dB, nh hn nhiu so vi phm vi thay i cng sut tuyn ln v ph thuc tc li khung
3.7.2.
Vn chuyn vng
Trong cc h thng W-CDMA c cc loi chuyn vng sau: Chuyn vng cng Chuyn vng na mm Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Chuyn vng mm Chuyn vng mm hn Chuyn vng cng da trn nguyn tc: ct- trc khi- ni v n xut hin khi 2BS khng c ng b vi nhau chng hn thuc hai h thng khc nhau hoc 2BS s dng hai bng tn khc nhau. Qu trnh chuyn vng s din ra gia cc trm gc hoc cc sector vi cc sng mang CDMA khc nhau hoc chuyn vng t h thng Analog sang CDMA v ngc li. Chuyn vng na mm: xut hin khi chuyn vng mm trong mng c MS x l nh l chuyn vng cng. Khi nim chuyn vng mm v mm hn trnh by mc trc thuc 2.2.2 trong cc h thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh W-CDMA. Mc ch ca n l trnh hiu ng gn xa xy ra khi MS tin su vo vng ph sng ca ln cn m khng c BS ca ny iu khin cng sut dn n n s gy nhiu ln cho cc MS khc ny. Chuyn giao cng thng xuyn v nhanh c th trnh c diu ny, nhng chuyn giao ny ch c th thc hin c vi mt thi gian tr nht nh, trong khong thi gian ny c th xy ra hiu ng gn xa. V th cng vi iu khin cng sut th chuyn vng mm v mm hn l cng c quan trng gim nhiu W-CDMA. Vi h thng ny, c BS v MS u gim st cht lng tuyn v tuyn v u c th yu cu chuyn vng. Mt trong hai pha c th khi to qu trnh chuyn vng bt c khi no xut hin nhng hin tng sau:
- Ti lu lng ca BS: Mng c th gim st ti ca tt c cc BS v chuyn

vng c s dng cn bng ti gia chng t c hiu qu lu lng cao hn.
- Khong cch vt qu gii hn: Khi khong cch gia BS v MS vt qu

gii hn, MS hoc BS c th khi to vic chuyn vng.
- Cng tn hiu dn ng thp hn mc ngng: Khi MS hoc BS

c th khi to vic chuyn vng.
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- Cng sut cc i b vt qu: Khi BS yu cu MS tng cng sut v mc

cng sut cc i ca MS b vt qu th MS hoc BS c th khi to vic chuyn vng. Trnh t bt u thc hin khi chuyn vng mm nh sau: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. phc v. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. BS ang phc v gi thng tin ch dn chuyn vng ti MS. MS gi i thng tin hon thnh chuyn vng ti BS ang phc v. BS ang phc v gi thng bo thng tin chuyn vng ti MSC. MSC x nhn thng bo bng bo nhn thng tin chuyn vng. BS ch gi lnh yu cu o cng tn hiu dn ng n MS. MS gi thng tin o cng tn hiu dn ng ti BS ch. MS xc nh mt BS khc lm ch chuyn vng. BS ny c cng MS gi thng bo o cng dn ng ti BS ang phc v. BS ang phc v gi thng bo yu cu tham gia chuyn vng gia MSC nhn yu cu chuyn vng v gi thng tin yu cu chuyn BS ch thit lp thng tin vi MS bng vic gi ti n thng bo lu BS ch gi thng bo yu cu tham gia chuyn vng ti MSC. MSC iu khin cc tuyn ni ti 2BS sao cho qu trnh chuyn BS gi thng bo nhn bit chuyn vng gia cc BS ti MSC. MSC gi thng bo nhn bit chuyn vng gia cc BS ti BS ang tn hiu dn ng ln.
cc BS ti MSC vng gia cc BS ti BS ch. lng khng hp l.
khng b gin on v gi thng tin nhn bit s tham gia ca BS ti BS ch.
Lc ny MS ang thng tin ng thi vi c hai BS. C hai BS thng tin vi MSC, MSC s dng tn hiu tt nht t hai BS. Sau khi chuyn vng mm, MS s yu cu loi b mt BS ra khi tuyn ni ch cn thng tin vi BS ch (BS ang phc v mi) Nu tip tc yu cu chuyn vng mm, cc th tc chuyn vng ging nhau trn li c lp li. Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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3.7.3.
My thu RAKE
Vi tn hiu bng hp, kh nng phn tp t nhin ca bng tn rt nh so vi tn hiu bng rng. V vy giao thoa gia cc k hiu ln cn l vn qua trng trong tn hiu bng hp v gii quyt vn ny, my thu s dng b cn bng loi b nhiu gia cc k hiu ln cn. Trong khi , nhiu gia cc k hiu ln cn trong tn hiu bng rng khng phi l vn nghim trng nu nh bit li dng u im ca h thng bng rng l tng ch ln do phn tp vn c ca bng tn bng cch s dng my thu a ng RAKE Mi ng hay nhnh s thu mt bn sao tn hiu vi nhng tr khc nhau l nguyn l lm vic ca RAKE. My thu kt hp tn hiu thu c t u ra ca M b tng quan (M nhnh) ci thin t s tn hiu/ tp m ti my thu. (Hnh 3.30)
Hnh 3.29. My thu RAKE, M nhnh phn tp Cc tn hiu a ng c coi l khng tng quan vi nhau ti my thu nu cc tn hiu ny c tr ti thiu l Tc (Tc l thi gian tn ti ca mt chip). D cho chng mang cng mt ni dung thng tin nu nh cc tn hiu a ng ny l cc bn sao ca tn hiu truyn dn ban u. My thu RAKE t hp M bn sao ca tn hiu truyn dn ban u vi tr gia cc nhnh ln cn ti thiu l Tc. M tn hiu a ng mnh nht thu c Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA u ra ca M b tng quan c k hiu l z 1, z2, zM. Cc tn hiu ny c nh gi bi cc h s 1, 2, M, cc h s nh gi ny da trn c s cng sut hoc S/N u ra mi b tng quan. Nu nh cng sut hoc S/N nh th h s nh gi ca M b tng quan. Nu my thu ch s dng mt b tng quan th vic quyt nh bit c chnh xc khng cao do u vo ca b tng quan c th b li do nh hng ca Fading. Bng vic kt hp u ra ca M b tng quan, vic quyt nh bit da vo M kt qu nh gi ring bit nn c ch phn tp ny ca my thu RAKE loi tr nh hng ca Fading, nng cao ch tiu v BER. 3.8 Nhng u im ca cng ngh W-CDMA so vi GSM W-CDMA l cng ngh da trn nn tng l CDMA nhng s dng bng rng do n cng pht huy c nhng u im ca k thut tri ph. Sau y l nhng u im vt tri W-CDMA thay th GSM: Tnh bo mt cao hn nh s dng k thut tri ph vi nhiu loi m. Mc khai thc bng tn hiu qu hn do cng mt bng tn nhng h thng W-CDMA cho dung lng ln hn nhiu so vi GSM. C kh nng chuyn mch mm gip cho cht lng cuc gi tt hn. Vi kh nng iu khin cng sut W-CDMA gip cho h thng cng nhng thit b tit kim c nng lng , ngi s dng tn pin. W-CDMA cung cp c nhiu dch v tin ch a dng nh : fax, internet, truyn d liu D dng m rng dung lng ca h thng khi cn hay phn b li tn s cho cc .
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CHNG 4 : NHNG KIN NGH TRIN KHAI W-CDMA TI VIT NAM

4.1. C s h tng mng thng tin di ng s nc ta
Nhng th nghim ban u v thng tin di ng s nc ta l mng nhn tin ton quc. Thng 3/1993, mng thng tin di ng s GMS c trin khai min Bc. Thit b c s dng l ca hng Alcatel (Php) tng i v tuyn t ti bu in T Lim vi 13 BTS ti H Ni. Gn mt nm sau (1994), mng GSM c trin khai ti pha Nam. Thit b c s dng l ca hng Ericsson (Thy in), tng i t ti thnh ph H Ch Minh vi 30BTS. n 10/1995, mng GSM c trin khai ti min Trung ( nng), thit b c s dng l ca hng Ericsson vi 5 BTS. Tnh t nm 1996 li y vic ph sng c thc hin khp cc tnh, thnh ph ca c nc (64/64 tnh thnh). Nh khai thc dch v GSM k t nm 1993 l Cng ty Thng tin di ng VMS, mng do cng ty ny khai thc gi l mng Mobile Phone vi i tc l cng ty COMVIK International VietNam-AB (Thy in). Cc tng i di ng MSC u c ni vi tng i cng Quc gia c 3 min cho php gi quc t. S thu bao Mobile phone tnh n nm 2005 ln ti trn 2,5 triu thu bao, ph sng 64 tnh thnh ph. Bn cnh mng Mobile phone ca VMS, tng tnh cnh tranh, cn c mng Vina phone ca GPC s dng thit b ca Siemens (c) c a vo hot ng 6/1996 vi s thu bao tnh n nay l khong gn 4 triu thu bao. Mng Vina phone cng c trin khai rng khp c 3 vng min Bc- Trung- Nam. Bn cnh , vic pht trin thm mt mng GSM na vo thng Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA 8/2004 (Viettel) vi khong 90.000 thu bao ch sau mt vi thng k t ngy ho mng cng gp phn ng k vo s si ng ca th trng vin thng Vit Nam.
Hnh 4.1. Cu hnh chung mng GSM ca Vit Nam Tnh n thi im ny, ti Vit Nam c kh nhiu nh cung cp cc dch v thng tin di ng vi cht lng kh phong ph, l cc dch v nh: Mobile phone, Vina phone, Viettel, S-phone. Tt c cc mng u cung cp rt nhiu dch v GTGT cho thu bao ca mnh, v d nh: Dch v hp th thoi: Khi thu bao nm ngoi vng ph sng, cuc gi n s c ghi vo hp th thoi v c pht li cho thu bao ngay khi thu bao n mt vng ph sng gn nht. Dch v th thoi khc phc s khng lin tc ca vng ph sng trong tnh hnh hin ti kh hu hiu. Dch v nhn tin ngn, nhn tin MMS gip cho cc mng GSM hin s dng it do nhiu nguyn nhn, trong c nhng nguyn nhn v k thut (khng n nh) v c gi thnh (qu cao). Dch v chuyn hng cuc gi: Cho php thu bao chuyn tip cuc gi n my di ng ca mnh sang mt my in thoi hoc hp th thoi khi cn thit. Dch v chuyn vng quc t: L dch v mi cho php cc thu bao di ng thc hin nhn cuc gi bng di ng ca mnh khi di chuyn trn phm vi nhiu quc gia.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Dch v truy nhp Internet bng GRPS y cng l dch v cho php cc thu bao di ng c th truy nhp v s dng cc dch v Internet trc tip trn mn hnh my di ng. Ta thy mt thc t rng, y, dich v mng CDMA ca Sphone ra i hn 1 nm, v cng bao gm kh nhiu dch v ni tri nh: dch v colouring tone ( hi m chung bng cc file nhc), truy cp internet tc cao(115Kbps) dng in thoi vo my vi tnhNhng v vng ph sng cha tt nn tc pht trin thu bao cn chm. Ngoi ra cn mt thc t ng lu khc l nhng ni lu lng tp trung ln. V d: H Ni, Thnh ph H Ch Minh thng xy ra tc nghn. Bn knh ph sng nhng ni ny c khi phi gim xung ch cn 500m v phi lp thm nhiu BTS mi. Mt vn mu cht cho vic pht trin mng vin thng l d on nhu cu thng tin trong tng lai. i vi thng tin di ng cng nh vy. Kt qu d bo nhu cu thng tin di ng giai on 1996-2010 ca ti nghin cu cp nh nc 01-01[TL5]. Trong , d on cho Vit Nam, nhm ch tr xem xt s pht trin thng tin di ng ca mt s nc trn th gii v trong khu vc. S tng quan gia tc pht trin thng tin di ng v GDP ca nc c so snh vi nhau c th tm ra mi lin h gia tc pht trin thng tin di ng v tc tng trng GDP. Mt s nc c hon cnh ging Vit Nam c chn lm m hnh mu. Trn c s , ngi ta tnh ba mc pht trin kh dng l: mc cao, mc tho hip v mc thp. Mc cao c tnh ton trong mt iu kin tt nht ca tng trng kinh t x hi. Mc thp da trn nhng iu kin xu nht ca tng trng kinh t x hi. Da vo 2 mc ny ngi ta a mt mc tho hip gia hai mc . iu cn lu trong tnh ton l i vi nhng tnh cha c ph sng ti mt thi im no s c tnh nhu cu thng tin di ng l 0 ( khng c thu bao no). Cc mng thng tin di ng hin nay tuy cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v: thoi, cc s dch v GTGT khc nh: th thoi, nhn tin ngn, GPRS, Fax/Data, WAP, chuyn vng quc tTuy nhin cc dch v ny mi ch tc (tc ti Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA a v l thuyt cho thu bao truy cp GPRS l 115Kbps nhng iu ny khng th xy ra trn thc t). Do kh tho mn nhu cu v cc dch v bng rng v dch v thng tin a phng tin ang tng ln. Mt s im nng i khi xy ra tc nghn v lm rt cuc gi ca thu bao. Cng vi xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng trn ton th gii, vic trin khai h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 Vit Nam nh mt xu th tt yu.
4.2. C s trin khai mng thng tin di ng th h th

3 ti Vit Nam Vic trin khai cng ngh CDMA ni chung v thng tin di ng th h th 3 W-CDMA ni ring ti nc ta c th d on l mt xu th chc chn. C nhng c s l lun v thc tin m bo cho vic trin khai nghin cu v ng dng CDMA, W-CDMA Vit Nam. 1. Nghin cu v k thut tri ph v cng ngh W-CDMA trn phm vi ton th gii hon tt 2. K hoch trin khai cc cng ngh mi ca tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng, theo nm 2020 trin khai rng ri cng ngh CDMA, W-CDMA ni chung v thng tin di ng ni ring 3. i ng nhng nh nghin cu, nhng cn b k thut nc ta c trang b hoc t trang b nhng kin thc cn thit cho vic chun b trin khai cng ngh CDMA, W-CDMA. K t nm 1997, nhiu hi tho v CDMA c t chc ti Vit Nam. Vit Nam cng c cc cn b k thut tham gia hi tho, hc tp v CDMA nc ngoi. 4. GSM vn l h thng ch yu hot ng ti Vit Nam nn chn phng n nng cp mng GSM thnh W-CDMA l phng n kh thi nht. 5. S trin khai CDMA nhiu quc gia trn th gii. Cc h thng ch ra tnh hot ng hiu qu v tin cy ca cng ngh CDMA v cng ch ra nhu cu cn thit ca cc dch v bng rng cn c a vo s dng.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA 6. Tnh cp bch ca vn gii quyt trn lu lng mng GSM, c bit ti cc thnh ph ln. 7. Nhu cu ngy cng tng v c tnh dch v bng rng, cht lng, cc dch v a phng tin W-CDMA c a vo th nghim v i vo hot ng. Nht, thng 10/2001 do NTT DOCOMO v n nay c trin khai rng khp trn phm vi ton th gii vi khong 140 triu thu bao. Cc th trng chnh c th k ra nh: M, Nht, Trung Quc
Hnh 4.2 Phng n kh thi chuyn i GSM sang W-CDMA.
4.3. Vn lin kt cc h thng.

Do lch s pht trin, nhiu nc trong c Vit Nam c c s h tng GSM pht trin. Kh nng trin khai CDMA, W-CDMA nhng nc ny c hai hng.
1. 2.
Xy dng mi. Chng ghp CDMA, W-CDMA vi GSM. Gii php th 2 c tnh thc t hn bi l n cho php tn dng c s h
tng l mng GSM c sn. Mng GSM c u im ln l kh nng chuyn vng hon ho. Hai phng n c th c miu t chi tit hn nh sau:
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Xy dng mi cc trm gc CDMA, W-CDMA nhng vng cha ph
sng GSM. Gii php ny tng ng vi vic tp trung vo vng ph sng i din cho mt nh khai thc GSM mi di tn 1800MHz(GSM/DCS.1800). Phng n chng ghp xy dng trm gc CDMA, W-CDMA mi xen
vo nhng vng trn dung lng h thng GSM c. Phng n ny tng ng vi vic tp trung vo gii quyt lu lng ni m c nh khai thc GSM c.
4.4. Nhng xu hng trin khai khc nhau v W-CDMA

Qu trnh h thng GSM tin ti h thng 3G- c hai phng n:
Phng n 1: Pht trin v hi nhp Kh nng th nht: GSMGPRS EDGE3G B sung mng v tuyn truyn d liu gi vi tn gi GPRS vo mng
GSM nng cao tc truyn d liu ti 115Kbps, cung cp cc dch v Internet, email, fax, truyn s liu v lu lng. Sau tip tc nng cp vi giai on thc hin l EDGE trn c s dng mng GSM kt hp vi k thut iu ch mc cao v k thut ghp nhiu khe thi gian.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA Hnh 4.3. Cc phng n trin khai t GSM ln 3G Kh nng th 2: GSMGPRS3G B xung mng v tuyn truyn d liu gi vi tn gi vo mng GSM nng cao tc truyn d liu ti 115Kbps, cung cp cc dch v Internet, email, fax, truyn s liu v lu lng. Sau tin thng ln 3G C hai kh nng trn u s dng GPRS nhm trin khai c s h tng chuyn mch gi t trn nn mng GSM hin ti. GPRS l mt bc trung gian trc khi tin ln 3G, y cng c th coi l h thng thng tin di ng 2.5G. N khc phc c nhng hn ch ca cc kt ni thng tin theo phng thc chuyn mch knh truyn thng bng vic chia nh s liu thnh tng gi nh v truyn i theo mt trt t quy nh v ch s dng ti nguyn v tuyn khi mt ngi s dng tht s cn pht hoc cn thu. Trong khong thi gian khi khng c s liu no c pht, kt ni ngng hot ng nhng khi c yu cu kt ni lp tc c khi phc. Khong t 50 n 100 thu bao GRPS l 115Kbps khi 8 khe thi gian cng s dng mt lc., kt qu ny cho php nhanh hn 10 ln so vi cc dch v truyn s liu s dng phng thc chuyn mch knh trong cc h thng thng tin di ng hin ti. Sau khi tin ln GPRS ta c th tip tc tin thm mt bc trung gian na l EDGE ri mi tin ln 3G hoc tin thng ln 3G. Vi mi kh nng c u nhc im ring: Nu la chn EDGE: EDGE l mt tip cn cho php cung cp d liu tc cao s dng li ton b cu trc khe thi gian v rng bng thng sng mang GSM. Giao din v tuyn EDGE cho php mng GSM hot ng ti cc di tn 800,900,1800,1900MHz v cung cp cc tnh nng 3G. tng c bn ca EDGE l s dng cc dch v d liu GSM thng dng nhng vi tc cao hn 69.2 Kb/s vi mi khe thi gian. Nh vy vic trin khai EDGE khng lm thay i phn mng li GSM bi cc phn t mng nh MSC/HLR phc v cho chuyn mch knh hoc cc nt h tr GSM(GSN) phc v cho chuyn mch gi u c tnh clp tng i vi tc ngi s dng. Nhng EDGE li mang n nhng Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA thay i ln trong phng thc iu ch tn hiu gy ra nhng tc ng ng k n phn thit b v tuyn, k hoch mng v tuyn v k hoch vng ph sng Nh: Cc thit b u cui v cc trm BTS phi c thit k mi hoc nng cp ln nhiu c th c kh nng thu cc tn hiu kiu EDGE m k thut rt phc tp. iu ny i hi chi ph cao mi c th thc hin c ng thi. Vi cng ngh ny, tc bit tng (so vi GPRS) lm gim tin cy ca h thng trn kha cnh phntn thi gian v tc di chuyn ca thu bao. Tuy nhin trong EDGE sn sng c cu khc phc cc hn ch nu trn, chnh l c cu trong tng thch knh t ng, cho php t ng la chn s m ho v iu ch ph hp vi cht lng knh v tuyn. Nu la chn b qua EDGE: Sau khi tin hnh GPRS nhm xy dng h tng chuyn mch gi t trn mng GSM hin ti s trin khai ngay mt mng di ng bng rng 3G theo tiu chun ca ITM2000. Mng li GSM trong gii php ny ch yu cu nhng hiu chnh ch yu lin quan n phn h tng chuyn mch gi. Tuy nhin, nhng iu chnh ny ch p ng mt mc nht nh cc dch v 3G trn nn mng li GSM GPRS. Cc nt h tr GSM thuc mng GSMGPRS khng phi l h tng chuyn mch gi duy nht trong mng kp GPRS v 3G. Vic xy dng mng li cho h thng 3G p ng y cc yu cu t hp dch v thoai v d liu nc ta v i hi mt thit k tng th. T h thng n n giao din vi cc phn t mng khc. V phng php ny, ton b phn h v tuyn bao gm cc BTS v BSC phi c xy dng li t u. Cc thit b v tuyn ny lm vic trn bng tn dnh ring cho 3G, do khng lm nh hng g n k hoch mng v tuyn hinc. Khi thc cht tn ti hai mng v tuyn c lp c th b xung qua li cho nhau vi iu kin s dng cc thit b u cui nhiu ch mc hn ch bi cc c im yu cu, loi hnh cht lng, dch v rt khcnhau gia 3G v GPRS hay GSM. Tuy nhin yu cu phi thit k cc my u cui nhiu ch thch hp vi mt h thng kp nh trn l khng n gin vi cc nh sn xut.
Phng n 2: Xy dng mi Nu tin hnh xy dng m i mt mng di
ngbng rng ta s c hai mng song song cng tn ti l W-CDMA v GSM. Tuy nhin c kh nng h tr b xung gia hai mng t nht mc vng ph Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA sng cho dch v thoi c bn th giao thc mng li ca hai h thng phi tng thch. H thng CDMA bng rng khng ng b ph hp hn v s dng chung hai giao thc mng li GSM/ MAP.
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KT LUN CHUNG
Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh vin thng, h thng thng tin di ng khng ngng c ci tin nng cp ln cc th h cao hn. Th h th ba v ang c trin khai trn ton th gii trong khi th h th t ang c nghin cu v trin khai th nghim. Th h th ba ra i v pht trin ci thin c cht lng dch v, gi cc v phn ln hn ch ca th h th hai, m ra k nguyn ng dng a phng tin cho cc thit b di ng. Cng ngh CDMA vi nhng u im vt tri c chng minh l xu hng pht trin tt yu ca thng tin di ng. u im vt tri ca CDMA vi nh khai thc l c chi ph trin khai thp vi hiu sut s dng tn s cao, vi ngi s dng l cht lng thoi tt, bo mt tuyt i v cung cp cc tin ch cao cp m cc mng GSM khng th lm c. CDMA c nghin cu, chun ha v trin khai rng ri trn ton th gii vi hng trm triu thu bao. Vi nhng kin thc thu c trong qu trnh hc tp ti nh trng v qua tm hiu nghin cu em nhn thy rng vi nhu cu pht trin ngy cng cao ca khch hng v dch v s liu, truy nhp internet v cc dch v a phng tin cao cp th vic trin khai cc h thng di ng th h ba CDMA l rt cn thit. Trong h thng W-CDMA vi kh nng cung cp d liu vi tc ti a 2Mbps l mt in hnh. Qua thi gian tm hiu nghin cu v tng hp cc vn lin quan n mng thng tin di ng th h ba W-CDMA, em nm bt c mt cch tng quan cu trc h thng cng nh l trnh pht trin ca h thng mang tnh kh thi i vi cc mng GSM khi chuyn i sang W-CDMA. Mng W-CDMA c trin khai v tr nn ph bin ti nhiu nc chu u v mt s nc chu ... l tin v ng lc cho vic trin khai mng di ng tin tin ny nc ta. Tuy nhin ti ny ch yu ch mang tnh l thuyt cung cp cho cc nh khai thc tham kho vic trin khai mng mt m hnh c Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA th. Do hn ch v mt thi gian v hiu bit nn n ny cn nhiu thiu st, rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy cc c v nhng ngi quan tm ti vn ny em c hiu bit y , chnh xc v n ny c hon thin hn na.
HBK H Ni thng 5 nm 2008 Trn Quang Ho
BNG TRA CU T VIT TT

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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA AMPS ARQ ACCH BCC BCCH BCH BPSK BSC BSS BTS BHCA BCH BCC C/I CCITT CCCH CODEC CPC CRC CDMA DCCH DCE DTX DTE ETS ETSI FDMA FACCH FCCH Advanced Mobile Phone System Automatic Repeat Request Associated Control Channels Base Station Colour Code Broadcast Control Channel Broadcast Channel Binary Phase Shift Keying Base Station Controler Base Station Subsystem Base Tranceiver Station Busy Hour Call Attempts Broadcast Channel Base Station Colour Code Carrier to Interference ratio International Telegraph and Telephone ConsulativeCommittee Common Control Channel Code and DECode Close Loop Power Control Cyclic Redunancy Check Code Division Multiple Access Dedicated Control Channel Data Communication Equipment Discontinuous Transmission Data Terminal Equipment European Telecommunications Standard European Telecommunications Standards Institute Frequence Division Multiple Access Fast Associated Control Channel Frequency Correction Channel H thng in thoi di ng tin tin. Yu cu lp li t ng. Knh iu khin lin kt. M mu trm gc Knh qung b iu khin Knh qung b Kha dch pha nh phn B iu khin trm gc Phn h trm gc Trm v tuyn gc. Gi trong gi bn. Knh qung b. M mu trm gc. T s sng mang trn nhiu. U ban quc t v in thoi v in tn. Knh iu khin chung M ho v gii m. iu khin cng sut vng kn Kim tra d vng a truy cp chia theo m Knh iu khin dnh ring Thit b truyn s liu Truyn pht gin on Thit b u cui s liu Tiu chun vin thng chu u Vin Tiu chun vin thng chu u a truy cp phn chia theo tn s Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh Knh hiu chnh tn s
93
H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA FSK GSM GOS GPS GSM IMTS IMSI ISDN ITU MS MSC PAGCH PLMN PCH PSTN RACH SACCH SCH SDCCH SDMA TACH Frequency Shift Keying Global System for Mobile Communication Grade Of Service Global Position System Global System for Mobile communication Improved Mobile Telephone Systems International Mobile Subscriber Identity Integrated Servive Digital Network International Telecommunication Union Mobile Station Mobile Service Switching Center Paging and Access Public Land Mobile Network Paging Channel Public Switched Telephone Network Random Access Channel Slow Associated Control Channel Synchronization Channel Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel Space Division Multiple Access Traffic and Associated Channel Kho iu ch dch tn Thng tin di ng ton cu Cp phc v H thng nh v ton cu Thng tin di ng ton cu H thng in thoi di ng ci tin S nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t Mng s a dch v Lin on vin thng quc t Trm di ng Tng i di ng Knh chp nhn truy cp v nhn tin Mng di ng mt t cng cng Knh nhn tin Mng thoi cng cng c chuyn mch Knh truy cp ngu nhin Knh iu khin lin kt chm Knh ng b Knh iu khin dnh ring a truy cp phn chia theo khng gian Lnh lu lng v lin kt
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TCH TDMA TMN UTC
Traffic Channel Time Division Multiple Access Telephone Management Network Universal Coordinated Time
Knh lu lng a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian Mng qun l vin thng Thi gian hp tc ton th gii.
TI LIU THAM KHO

V c Th, Tnh ton mng thng tin di ng s, Nh xut bn Gio dc, 2001. [2] Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, L thuyt tri ph v ng dng, Nh xut bn Bu in, 2000. [3] Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Nguyn Bnh, Thng tin di ng th h 3, Nh xut bn Bu in, 2001. [4] Adam Rosenberg ,Sid Kemp, CDMA Capacity and Quality Optimization, McGraw-Hill, 2003. [5] Raymond Steel, Chin Chun Lee, Peter Gould, GSM, cdmaOne and 3G system, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003. [6] M.R.Karim, M.Sarraf, W-CDMA and cdma2000 for 3G mobile networks, McGraw-Hill, 2002.
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H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Em cng xin cm n s hng dn, gip ca cc Thy c trong khoa in t

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG

Khng p ng c cc dch v mi hp dn i vi khch hng. tng.

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Hnh 1.6 Cu trc c bn ca h thng t ong (GSM)

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Hnh 1.7 Lch s pht trin ca mng vin thng qua cc th h.

CHNG 2 K THUT TRI PH

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

V CNG NGH CDMA

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Tn hiu trn ph bng rng

B lc M tri ph g(t) tc chp Rp rng bng R

Tn hiu khi phc

Tc K (bps) M tri ph g(t) tc chp Rp

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

tn s sng mang thay i, sau sng mang ny li c iu ch vi d liu.

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

iu ch bng rng To sng mang ng b m

Gii iu ch To sng mang

Hnh 2.4.S my pht/thu DS-SS. B iu ch bng rng thng l b iu ch PSK.

D liu Tn hiu m D liu x M Tn hiu iu ch BPSK

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Hnh 2.8 H thng TH n gin

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Cng mt tn hiu c pht t c hai BS n MS tr lnh iu khin cng sut BS1

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

CHNG 3 H THNG THNG TIN DI NG TH H BA UMTS W-CDMA

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

WCDMA c thit k trin khai cng GSM do vy h tr chuyn giao

gia GSM v UMTS.

Bng sau Gii thiu cc tham s ch yu ca WCDMA: Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

iu ch d liu Pht hin kt ni

Ghp knh hng ln

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Dch v di ng Dch v thng tin nh v Dch v m thanh

Dch v vin thng

Sv :Trn Quang Ho CT1-K50

H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba UMTS W-CDMA

Gi tr ca hm tng quan t ng cng nh cng tt i vi tt c cc