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cfgf] ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/ tyf ;'/If0fkqdf u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ nufgL
/sd,
-3_
cjf:tljs ;DklQ (Fictitious assets)
o; k|of]hgsf] nflu cg';Gwfg, ljsf; tyf sDKo"6/ ;6j]o/ afx]ssf cGo
cjf:tljs vr{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-_
k|rlnt P]g tyf sfg'gn] k|ltaGw u/]sf JolQm tyf ;d"xnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] shf{ tyf
;'ljwf .
t/, pko'{Qm JolQm tyf ;d"xnfO{ shf{ tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ubf{ k|rlnt P]g tyf sfg'gn]
k|ltaGw gu/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] k|ltaGw nfu]sf] ! jif{ jf shf{sf] e'QmfgL cjlw ;dfKt x'g]
;dodWo] h'g cl3 x'G5 ;f] ;do;Dd of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-r_
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/L :jMk|of]hgsf nflu 3/hUuf vl/b u/]sf] /sd .
-5_
;LdfeGbf a9L cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f tyf hUuf ljsf;df nufgL u/]sf] /sd .
-h_
tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ g;s]sf] z]o/ k|Tofe"lt .
k"/s k'FhL
k|fylds k'FhLeGbf a9L ;dfj]z ug{ gkfOg] u/L k"/s k'FhLdf lgDg zLif{sx? cGtu{t /x]sf
/sdx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
;fdfGo shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
o; zLif{s cGt/ut c;n shf{sf] lgldQ Joj:yf ul/Psf] /sd dfq ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
c;n ;lxt cGo shf{sf nflu o; a}+saf6 tf]lsPsf] cg'kfteGbf a9L shf{ gf]S;fgL
Joj:yf u/]sf] v08df To:tf] cltl/Qm shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf u/]sf] k"/} /sd /
k'g/;+/rgf / k'g/tflnsLs/0f u/]sf shf{x?df yk u/]sf] shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
/sdnfO{ cltl/Qm shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yfdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
t/, pk/f]Qm zLif{sx?df /x]sf] s'n /sd a}+ssf] s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] !=@%
k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g] u/L k"/s k'FhLdf ;dfj]z ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-v_
;DklQ k"gd"{Nofg sf]if
k"/s k'FhL u0fgf ubf{ ;DklQ k"gd"{Nofg sf]if jfktsf] /sd ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L
lgl:sPsf] s'n k"/s k'FhLsf] @ k|ltzt;Dd u0fgf ug{ kfOg] 5 . o; sf]ifdf /x]sf]
/sd jf s'n k"/s k'FhLsf] @ k|ltztdWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f]xL /sd dfq ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-u_
xfOla|8 k'FhL pks/0fx? (Hybrid Capital Instruments)
o; zLif{s cGtu{t b]xfosf pks/0fx? kg]{5g\ .
-!_ ljgf ;'/If0f, k"0f{ r'Qmf x'g], e'QmfgL lbg] k|fyldstf qmddf lgIf]kstf{ /
;fx'x?eGbf k5fl8 dfq e'QmfgL kfpg ;Sg] tyf 3f6fdf ;d]t ;xefuL x'g] jf
;fwf/0f k'FhLdf kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg] u/L hf/L u/]sf ;'/If0fkqx? .
-@_ o; a}+sn] :jLs[lt lbPdf afx]s wf/sn] cfgf] OR5f cg'?k e'QmfgL k|fKt ug{
g;Sg] u/L hf/L u/]sf pks/0fx? .
t/, s'g} Ps Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] xfOla|8 k'FhL pks/0fx? (Hybrid
Capital Instruments_ cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] wf/0f -vl/b_ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-3_ ;'/If0f g/flvPsf] ;xfos cfjlws C0f (Subordinated Term Debt)
kfFr jif{eGbf a9L e'QmfgL cjlw ePsf], lgIf]kstf{x?eGbf k5fl8 dfq e'QmfgL kfpg] u/L
s'g} klg ;'/If0f g/fvL hf/L u/]sf] C0fkqx? / ;Lldt e'QmfgL cjlw ePsfcjlw
tf]lsPsf lkmtf{ x'g ;Sg] cu|flwsf/ z]o/x? o; cGtu{t ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ . oL
pks/0fx?sf] 36\bf] d"NonfO{ hgfpg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] o:tf pks/0fx?sf] d"Nodf
kl5Nnf] kfFr jif{b]lv aL; k|ltztn] 36fpb} n}hfg' kg]{5 . s'g} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
nfdf] cjlwkl5 jf ljleGg r/0fx?df ;fwf/0f z]o/df kl/0ft x'g] jf tf]lsPsf zt{x?
k"/f u/]/ dfq lkmtf{ x'g] zt{df o:tf] pks/0f hf/L u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;fwf/0f z]o/df
kl/0ft ePsf] /sd r'Qmf k'FhLdf / z]o/df kl/0ft gePsf] /sd o; cGt/ut /fvL
k"/s k'FhLdf u0fgf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
$=
%=
t/, o:tf pks/0fx? hf/L ubf{ cfgf] k|fylds k'FhLsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L /sd
p7fpg kfO{g] 5}g .
-_ ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]if
ljb]zL ljlgdosf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] sfod u/]sf] ;6xL ;dLs/0f
sf]ifsf] /sd k"/s k'FhL k|of]hgsf nflu u0fgf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-r_ nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]if
lgb]{zg g+= * cGtu{t v8f ePsf] nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]ifsf] /sd k"/s k'FhL afkt u0fgf
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQ
k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ b'O{ ju{df ljefhg
ul/Psf] 5 .
-!_
jf;nftleqsf] hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQ .
-@_
jf;nftaflx/sf] hf]lvd efl/t sf/f]af/ .
jf;nft leqsf ;DklQ tyf jf;nftjflx/sf sf/f]af/x?df hf]lvd ef/
-!_ jf;nft leqsf ;DklQx?df hf]lvd ef/-s ju{ afx]s_M
k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu af;nft leqsf] ;DklQnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ ljefhg u/L 5'f5'}
hf]lvd ef/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . jf;nftdf b]lvPsf] ;DklQsf] /sdnfO{ ef/ lbOPsf] k|ltztn]
u'0fg u/L s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] of]u lgsfNg' kg]{5 .
jf;nftleqsf zLif{s
gub df}Hbft
;'g df}Hbft -ljlgdo of]Uo_
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;'/If0fkqdf ul/Psf] nufgL
g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] C0fkqdf u/]sf]] nufgL
cfg} d'2lt /l;bsf] lwtf]df k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g] u/L k|bfg u/]sf]] d'2lt /l;b lwtf] shf{
;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqsf] lwtf]df k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g] u/L k|bfg u/]sf]] shf{
;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqsf] kfpg' kg]{ Aofh /sd (Accrued Interest)
ljkGg ju{ shf{ cGtu{t u0fgf x'g] o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifdf v /
u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] hDdf u/]sf] /sd
:jb]zL a}+sljQLo ;+:yfx?df /x]sf] df}Hbftd'2lt /l;bsf] bfjL (Claims)*
cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] d'2lt /l;bsf] lwtf]df k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g] u/L k|bfg u/]sf]]
d'2lt /l;b lwtf] shf{
ljb]zL a}+sx?df /x]sf] df}Hbft
dfu]sf] avt k|fKt x'g] /sd (Money at Call)
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t (Rated)*/ ljb]zL Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Uof/]06Ldf uPsf] shf{
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t (Rated)*/ ljb]zL a}+sdf u/]sf] cGo nufgL
cGt/ a}+s ;fk6L
z]o/, l8j]~r/ Pj+ a08df ePsf] nufgL
cGo nufgLx?
shf{, ;fk6 tyf ljN; vl/bl8:sfp06 ;d]t -s'n /sd_**
:yL/ ;DklQx?
kfpg' kg]{ cGo v'b Aofh /sd -s'n kfpg' kg]{ Aofh ;/s./L C0fkq tyf jrt kqsf]
Aofh Aofh d'NtjL_
cGo ;a} ;DklQx? -v'b clu|d s/ bflvnf jfx]s_
;Ldf gf3]sf] l/on :6]6cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{
l6Kk0fL
PsxKtfsf] clu|d ;"rgfdf lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] u/L :jb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt v,
*
u / 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] /fv]sf] tLg dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlwsf d'2lt lgIf]k . o;
k|of]hgsf] nflu lgIf]k /fVg] ;doeGbf l7s cl3Nnf] qodf;sf] k'FhL kof{Kttf -Capital Adequacy_ sf]
cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] k'FhL kof{Kttf sfod u/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /flvPsf] d'2lt lgIf]knfO{ dfq
dfGotf lbOg]5 .
*/
**
-@_
o; k|of]hgsf] lgldQ ;+o'Qm clw/fHo a]nfotsf] n08gaf6 k|sflzt The Banker klqsfn] k|To]s jif{
h'nfO{ dlxgfdf k|sfzg ug]{ Top Thousand World Banks sf] ;"rLdf l7s cl3Nnf] jif{ ;dfj]z ePsf
a}+sx?nfO{ ;Demg' kg]{5 .
pQm Top Thousand World Banks sf] ;"lrdf gk/]sf] v08df zt k|ltzt hf]lvd ef/ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
d'2lt /l;b, g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkq / ;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqsf] lwtf]df k|jflxt shf{ / cGt/f{li6o >]l0fs[t
a}+ssf] hdfgtdf k|bfg ul/Psf] shf{ afx]s .
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t (Rated)*/ ljb]zL Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sfp06/ Uof/]06Ldf hf/L ul/Psf] Uof/]06L
l6Kk0fL
*/
^=
o; k|of]hgsf] lgldQ ;+o'Qm clw/fHo a]nfotsf] n08gaf6 k|sflzt The Banker klqsfn] k|To]s jif{ h'nfO{
dlxgfdf k|sfzg ug]{ Top Thousand World Banks sf] ;"rLdf l7s cl3Nnf] jif{ ;dfj]z ePsf a}+sx?nfO{ ;Demg'
kg]{5 .
pQm Top Thousand World Banks sf] ;"rLdf gk/]sf] v08df zt k|ltzt hf]lvd ef/ sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|lttkqsf] cjlw u0fgf ubf{ k|lttkq vf]n]sf] z'?sf] ldltb]lvsf] cjlwnfO{ g} u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
&=
k|fylds k'FhL
!))
hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] of]u
k|fylds k'FhL k"/s k'FhL
!))
hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] of]u
jf;nftleqsf s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQ jf;nft aflx/sf
dfl;s ljj/0fdf ;f] Joxf]/f v'nfpg' kg]{5 . t/, qodf;sf] cGTosf] ljj/0f eg] clgjfo{?kdf cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fP/ g} k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
*=
(=
!)=
-v_
-u_
-3_
rfn" cjlw
-?=xhf/df_
ut cjlw
k|fylds
!_
@_
#_
$_
%_
^_
&_
*_
(_
!)_
!!_
k'FhL
r'Qmf k'FhL -;fwf/0f z]o/_
k|:tfljt jf]g; z]o/
z]o/ lk|ldod
lkmtf{ gx'g] cu|flwsf/ z]o/
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if
;l~rt gfkmf-gf]S;fg_
jf;nftdf b]vfO{Psf] rfn' cf=j=sf] gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fjsf] /sd
k'FhL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if
k'FhL ;dfof]hg sf]if
sN; Og P8efG;
cGo :jtGq sf]ifx?
36fpg] M
Voflt (Goodwill) jfktsf] /sd
;LdfeGbf a9L z]o/,;'/If0fkqdf nufgL ul/Psf] /sd
ljQLo :jfy{ /x]sf] sDkgLsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL u/]sf] /sd
cjf:tljs ;DklQ
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/L :jk|of]hgsf nflu 3/hUuf vl/b
u/]sf] /sd
;LdfeGbf a9L cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f tyf hUuf ljsf;df nufgL
u/]sf] /sd .
tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ g;s]sf] z]o/ k|Tofe"lt .
k|rlnt P]g tyf sfg'gn] k|ltaGw u/]sf JolQm tyf ;d"xx?nfO{
k|bfg u/]sf]] shf{ tyf ;'ljwfx?
k"/s k'FhL
!_
c;n shf{sf] nflu u/]sf] shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
@_
cltl/Qm shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
#_
xfOla|8 k'FhL pks/0fx?
$_
;'/If0f g/fv]sf] ;xfos cfjlws C0f
%_
;6xL ;lds/0f sf]if
^_
;DklQ k"gd"{Nofg sf]if
&_
nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]if
hDdf k'FhLsf]if -sv_
hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] cfwf/df sfod ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd k'FhLsf]if
k'FhLsf]if - ================= k|ltzt_
k|fylds k'FhL -=================== k|ltzt_
k'FhLsf]if -clwsGo"g_
- ================= k|ltztn]_
k|fylds k'FhL -clwsGo"g_ - ================= k|ltztn]_
ldltM
b:tvt
clws[t
ef/
rfn' cjlw
ut cjlw
hf]lvd efl/t
hf]lvd efl/t
/sd
/sd
;DklQ
;DklQ
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] d'2lt /l;bsf] lwtf]df k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g] u/L k|bfg 20
u/]sf]] d'2lt /l;b lwtf] shf{
20
ljb]zL a}+sx?df /x]sf] df}Hbft
20
dfu]sf] avt k|fKt x'g] /sd(Money at Call)
20
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t(Rated)Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Uof/]06Ldf uPsf] shf{
20
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t(Rated)a}+sdf u/]sf] cGo nufgL
20
cGt/ a}+s ;fk6L
100
z]o/, l8j]~r/ Pj+ a08df ePsf] nufgL-s'n /sd_
100
cGo nufgLx?
100
shf{, ;fk6 tyf ljN; vl/bl8:sfp06 ;d]t -s'n /sd_
100
:yL/ ;DklQx?-s'n /sd_
100
Kffpg' kg]{ cGo v'b Aofh /sd -Aofh d'NtjL / ;/sf/L C0fkqsf] Aofh afx]s
100
v'b u}/a}+ls ;DklQ
100
cGo ;a} ;DklQx? -v'b cu|Ld s/ bflvnf afx]s_
150
;Ldf gf3]sf] l/on :6]6cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{
-s_ hDdf
-v_ jf;nft aflx/sf sf/f]jf/x? (Off-balance sheet Items)
laN; sn]S;g
)
km/jf8{ PS:r]~h sG6fS6sf] af+sL bfloTjx
!)
^ dlxgfeGbf sd cjlwsf] k|lttkq -k"/} /sd_
@)
cGt//fli6o >]0fLs[t (Rated) ljb]zL Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sfp06/ Uof/]06Ldf hf/L u/]sf] Uof/]06L @)
^ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] k|lttkq -k"/} /sd_
%)
lj8a08, k/km/d]G; a08 / k|Tofe"lt (Underwriting) ;DjGwL k|ltj4tf
%)
k'gM vl/b ug]{ zt{df laqmL u/]sf] shf{
%)
clu|d e'QmfgL Uof/]06L (Advance payment Guarantee)
!))
ljQLo tyf cGo hdfgt (Financial and other Guarantee)
!))
ckl/jTo{ shf{ k|lta4tf (Irrevocable Loan Commitment)
!))
cfos/ jfkt ;Defljt bfloTj
!))
Acceptance ;lxt cGo ;j} k|sf/sf ;Defljt bfloTjx?
!))
k"gM l8:sfpG6 ul/Psf ljnx
!))
r'Qmf jf e'Qmfg x'g af+sL z]o/ nufgL
!))
e'QmfgLsf] nflu bfjL k/]sf] hdfgt
@))
;+:yfpk/ bfjL k/]sf] t/ ;+:yfn] bfloTj :jLsf/ gu/]sf] ;Defljt bfloTjx?
@))
-v_ hDdf
s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQ hDdf -s_ + -v_
b|i6JoM !=
@=
pNn]lvt zLif{sx?dWo] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfkm";Fu ;DjlGwt jf cfkm"n] ug{ kfpg] ljQLo sf/f]jf/x?;Fu ;DjlGwt
zLif{sx? dfq k|of]udf Nofpg' kg]{5 .
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t cGtu{tTop Thousand World Bankssf] ;"rLdf gk/]sf] v08df zt k|ltzt hf]lvd ef/ sfod ug'{
kg]{5 .
1.2
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND:
Prior to 1988, there was no uniform international regulatory standard for setting bank capital requirements. In
1988, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS)1 developed the Capital Accord, which is known
as Basel I, to align the capital adequacy requirements applicable especially to banks in G-10 countries. Basel I
introduced two key concepts. First, it defined what banks could hold as capital, as well as designating capital
as Tier 1 or Tier 2 according to its loss-absorbing or creditor-protecting characteristics. The second key
concept introduced in Basel I was that capital should be held by banks in relation to the risks that they face.
The major risks faced by banks relate to the assets held on balance sheet. Thus, Basel I calculated banks
minimum capital requirements as a percentage of assets, which are adjusted in accordance to their riskiness
and assigning risk weights to assets. Higher weights are assigned to riskier assets such as corporate loans, and
lower weights are assigned to less risky assets, such as exposures to government.
The BCBS released the "International Convergence of Capital Measurements and Capital Standards: Revised
Framework", popularly known as Basel II, on June 26, 2004. This framework was updated in November 2005
and a comprehensive version of the framework was issued in June 2006. Basel II builds significantly on Basel
I by increasing the sensitivity of capital to key bank risks. In addition, Basel II recognizes that banks can face
a multitude of risks, ranging from the traditional risks associated with financial intermediation to the day-today risks of operating a business as well as the risks associated with the ups and downs of the local and
international economies. As a result, the new framework more explicitly associates capital requirements with
the particular categories of major risks that banks face.
The new capital framework also recognizes that large, usually internationally active banks have already put in
place sophisticated approaches to risk measurement and management based on statistical inference rather than
judgement alone. Thus, the framework allows banks, under certain conditions, to use their own internal
models and techniques to measure the key risks that they face, the probability of loss, and the capital required
to meet those losses. In developing the new framework, the Basel Committee wanted to incorporate many
elements that help promote a sound and efficient financial system over and above the setting of minimum
capital requirements. With this in mind, the Basel II framework incorporates three complementary pillars
that draw on the range of approaches to help ensure that banks are adequately capitalised in commensurate
with their risk profile.
The Basel Committees on Banking Supervision's (BCBS) recommendations on capital accord are important
guiding framework for the regulatory capital requirement to the banking industry all over the world and Nepal
is no exception. Realizing the significance of capital for ensuring the safety and soundness of the banks and
the banking system, at large, Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has developed and enforced capital adequacy
requirement based on international practices with appropriate level of customization based on domestic state
of market developments. The existing regulatory capital is largely based on the Basel committee's 1988
recommendations.
With a view of adopting the international best practices, NRB has already expressed its intention to adopt the
Basel II framework, albeit in a simplified form. In line with the international development and thorough
discussion with the stakeholders, evaluation and assessment of impact studies at various phases, this
framework has been drafted. This framework provides the guidelines for the implementation of Basel II
framework in Nepal. Reminiscent of the International convergence of capital measurements and capital
standards, this framework also builds around three mutually reinforcing pillars, viz. minimum capital
requirements, supervisory review process and disclosure requirements.
OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this framework is to develop safe and sound financial system by way of sufficient
amount of qualitative capital and risk management practices. This framework is intended to ensure that each
commercial banks maintain a level of capital which,
(i)
is adequate to protect its depositors and creditors.
(ii) is commensurate with the risk associated activities and profile of the commercial bank.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was
established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten countries in 1975. It consists of senior representatives
of bank supervisory authorities and central banks from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It usually
meets at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland where its permanent Secretariat is located.
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
Qualifying capital consists of Tier 1 (core) capital and Tier 2 (supplementary) capital elements, net of
required deductions from capital. Thus, for the purpose of calculation of regulatory capital, banks are required
to classify their capital into two parts as follows;
a
Core Capital (Tier 1)
The key element of capital on which the main emphasis should be placed is the Tier 1 (core) capital,
which comprises of equity capital and disclosed reserves. This key element of capital is the basis on
which most market judgments of capital adequacy are made; and it has a crucial bearing on profit
margins and a bank's ability to compete.
The BCBS has therefore concluded that capital, for supervisory purposes, should be defined in two
tiers in a way, which will have the effect of requiring at least 50% of a bank's capital base to consist
of a core element comprised of equity capital and published reserves from post-tax retained earnings.
In order to rank as Tier 1, capital must be fully paid up, have no fixed servicing or dividend costs
attached to it and be freely available to absorb losses ahead of general creditors. Capital also needs to
have a very high degree of permanence if it is to be treated as Tier 1.
b.
Supplementary Capital (Tier 2)
The Supplementary (Tier 2) Capital includes reserves which, though unpublished, have been passed
through the profit and loss account and all other capital instruments eligible and acceptable for capital
purposes. Elements of the Tier 2 capital will be reckoned as capital funds up to a maximum of 100
percent of Tier 1 capital arrived at, after making adjustments referred to in 2.4. In case, where the Tier
1 capital of a bank is negative, the Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes shall be considered as zero
and hence the capital fund, in such cases, shall be equal to the core capital.
ELEMENTS OF TIER 1 CAPITAL:
a.
Paid up Equity Capital.
b.
Irredeemable non-cumulative preference shares which are fully paid-up and with the capacity to
absorb unexpected losses. These instruments should not contain any clauses whatsoever, which
permit redemption by the holder or issuer upon fulfillment of certain condition. Banks should obtain
prior approval of NRB for this kind of instruments to qualify as a component of core capital.
c.
Share Premium
d.
Proposed Bonus Equity Share
e.
Statutory General Reserve.
f.
Retained Earnings available for distribution to shareholders.
g.
Un-audited current year cumulative profit, after all provisions including staff bonus and taxes.
Where such provisions are not made, this amount shall not qualify as Tier 1 capital.
h.
Capital Redemption Reserves created in lieu of redeemable instruments.
i.
Capital Adjustment reserves created in respect of increasing the capital base of the bank.
j.
Dividend Equalization Reserves.
k.
Any other type of reserves notified by NRB from time to time for inclusion in Tier 1 capital
ELEMENTS OF TIER 2 CAPITAL:
a.
Cumulative and/or redeemable preference shares with maturity of five years and above.
b.
Subordinated term debt fully paid up with a maturity of more than 5 years; unsecured and
subordinated to the claim of other creditors, free of restrictive clauses and not redeemable before
maturity. Since, subordinated term debt is not normally available to participate in the losses; the
amount eligible for inclusion in the capital adequacy calculations is limited to 50% of core capital.
Moreover, to reflect the diminishing value of these instruments as a continuing source of strength, a
cumulative discount (amortization) factor of 20% per annum shall be applied for capital adequacy
computations, during the last 5 years to maturity. The banks should obtain written approval of NRB
for including any subordinated debt instruments (like Debenture/Bonds) in supplementary (Tier-2)
capital.
c.
Hybrid capital instruments. Those instruments which combine certain characteristics of debt and
certain characteristics of equity. Each such instrument has a particular feature, which can be
considered to affect its quality as capital. Where these instruments have close similarities to equity,
in particular when they are able to support losses on an ongoing basis without triggering liquidation,
they may be included in Tier 2 capital with approval from Nepal Rastra Bank.
d.
General loan loss provision limited to a maximum of 1.25% of total Risk Weighted Exposures.
General loan loss provision refers to the provisions created in respect of Pass Loans only and it does
not include provisions of rescheduled/restructured and classified loans. The additional loan loss
provisions created in respect of Personal Guarantee loans and loans in excess of Single Obligor
Limits are specific provisions and hence cannot be included under this category. Such provisions
however can be deducted from the gross exposures while calculating risk weighted exposures for
credit risk.
10
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.
3.1
3.2
2
However, provisions created in excess of the regulatory requirements or provisions which is not
attributable to identifiable losses in any specific loans shall be allowed to be included in the General
Loan Loss Provision and shall be eligible for Tier II capital subject to a maximum of 1.25% of total
risk weighted exposures.
e.
Exchange equalization reserves created by banks as a cushion for unexpected losses arising out of
adverse movements in foreign currencies.
f.
Investment adjustment reserves created as a cushion for adverse price movements in bank's
investments falling under Available for Sale category.
g.
Revaluation reserves often serve as a cushion against unexpected losses but may not be fully
available to absorb unexpected losses due to the subsequent deterioration in market values and tax
consequences of revaluation. Therefore, revaluation reserves will be eligible up to 50% for treatment
as Tier 2 capital and limited to a maximum of 2% of total Tier 2 capital subject to the condition that
the reasonableness of the revalued amount is duly certified by the internal auditor of the bank.
h.
Any other type of reserves notified by NRB from time to time for inclusion in Tier 2 capital
DEDUCTIONS FROM CORE (TIER 1) CAPITAL:
Banks shall be required to deduct the following from the Tier 1 capital for capital adequacy purposes. The
claims that have been deducted from core capital shall be exempt from risk weights for the measurement of
credit risk.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Reciprocal crossholdings of bank capital artificially designed to inflate the capital position of the
bank.
Miscellaneous expenditure to the extent not written off. e.g. VRS expense, preliminary expense,
share issue expense, deferred revenue expenditure, etc. However, software expenditure or software
development expenditure, research and development expenditure, patents, copyrights, trademarks
and lease hold developments booked as deferred revenue expenditure are subject to 100% risk
weight and may not be deducted from Tier 1 capital.
All Investments in equity of institutions with financial interest.
Investments in equity of institutions in excess of the prescribed limits.
Investments arising out of underwriting commitments that have not been disposed within a year from
the date of commitment.
h.
Any other items as stipulated by Nepal Rastra Bank, from time to time.
CAPITAL FUNDS:
The capital fund is the summation of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. The sum total of the different components of
the tier 2 capitals will be limited to the sum total of the various components of the Tier 1 capital net of
deductions as specified in 2.4. In case the Tier 1 capital is negative, Tier 2 capital shall be considered to be
"Nil" for regulatory capital adequacy purposes and hence, in such a situation, the capital fund shall be equal
to the Tier 1 capital.
MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS:
Unless a higher minimum ratio has been set by Nepal Rastra Bank for an individual bank through a review
process, every bank shall maintain at all times, the capital requirement set out below:
a. A Tier 1 (core) capital of not less than 6 per cent of total risk weighted exposure;
b. A total capital fund of not less than 10 per cent of its total risk weighted exposure.
The Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is calculated by dividing eligible regulatory capital by total risk weighted
exposure. The total risk weighted exposure shall comprise of risk weights calculated in respect of bank's
credit, operational and market risks. The methodologies to calculate RWE for each of these risk categories are
described in detail in subsequent chapters.
CREDIT RISK
GENERAL:
Credit risk is the major risk that banks are exposed to during the normal course of lending and credit
underwriting. Within Basel II, there are two approaches for credit risk measurement: the standardized
approach and the internal ratings based (IRB) approach. Due to various inherent constraints of the Nepalese
banking system, the standardized approach in its simplified form, Simplified Standardized Approach (SSA),
has been prescribed in the initial phase.
SIMPLIFIED STANDARDIZED APPROACH (SSA):
Investment in shares of Rural Development Banks and other institutions, where the waiver has been explicitly
provided by NRB are subject to risk weight of 100% and shall not be deducted from Tier 1 capital.
11
3.3
In comparison to Basel I, SSA aligns regulatory capital requirements more closely with the key elements of
banking risk by introducing a wider differentiation of risk weights and a wider recognition of credit risk
mitigation techniques. The advantage of implementing this approach is twofold. This approach allows
transitional advantage for countries like us by avoiding excessive complexities associated with the advanced
approaches of Basel II while at the same time it will produce capital ratios more in line with the actual
economic risks that banks are facing, compared to the present Accord.
Under this approach commercial banks are required to assign a risk weight to their balance sheet and offbalance sheet exposures. These risk weights are based on a fixed weight that is broadly aligned with the
likelihood of a counterparty default. As a general rule, the claims that have already been deducted from the
core capital shall be exempt from risk weights for the measurement of credit risk.
Claims on foreign government, their central banks as well as foreign corporates shall be generally riskweighed on the basis of the consensus country risk scores of export credit agencies (ECA)3. Wherever there
are claims relating to unrated countries, they shall generally be risk weighed at 100 percent. However, these
claim shall be subject to supervisory review and higher risk weight shall be assigned where the review
process deems appropriate.
All kinds of claims including loans & advances as well as investments shall be risk weighed net of specific
provisions. Generally provision related to any receivable or investment is not defined as general or specific.
In such situation, the total provision against any claim/exposure (other than the loans and advances) shall be
considered as specific provision. However, provisions eligible for the supplementary capital shall not be
allowed for netting while calculating risk weighted exposures.
In case of loans, advances and bills purchased the provisions created in lieu of Pass loans only are classified
as General loan loss provision. All other provisions are components of specific loan loss provision. Hence,
general loan loss provision doesnt comprise provisions created in respect of rescheduled/restructured and
non performing loans. It also doesnt include additional provisions created for personal guarantee loans or
lending in excess of Single Obligor Limits. However, provisions created in excess of the regulatory
requirements and not attributable to identifiable losses in any specific loans shall be allowed to be included in
the General Loan Loss Provision.
In order to be consistent with the Basel-II framework, the credit risk for the regulatory capital purpose
shall be computed by segregating the exposure in the following 11 categories.
a)
Claims on government & central bank
b)
Claims on other official entities
c)
Claims on banks
d)
Claims on corporate & securities firms
e)
Claims on regulatory retail portfolio
f)
Claims secured by residential properties
g)
Claims secured by commercial real state
h)
Past due claims
i)
High risk claims
j)
Other assets
k)
Off balance sheet items
RISK MEASUREMENT AND RISK WEIGHTS:
a.
Claims on government & central bank
1.
All claims on Government of Nepal and Nepal Rastra Bank shall be risk weighed at 0 %.
2.
Claims on foreign government and their central banks shall be risk-weighted on the basis of
the consensus country risk scores as follows:
0-1
2
3
4 to 6
7
ECA risk scores
0%
20%
50%
100%
150%
Risk weights
b.
Claims on other official entities
1.
Claims on the Bank for International Settlements, the International Monetary Fund, the
European Central Bank and the European Community will receive a 0% risk weight.
2.
Following Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) will be eligible for a 0% risk weight.
World Bank Group, comprised of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC),
Asian Development Bank (ADB),
African Development Bank (AfDB),
3 The consensus country risk classification is available on the OECDs website (http://www.oecd.org) in the Export
Credit Arrangement web page of the Trade Directorate. Each bank while computing the risk weight in any claim
should use the updated risk score.
12
3.
4.
c.
d.
e.
0-1
3 to 6
Risk weights
20%
50%
100%
150%
Claims on banks
1.
All claims, irrespective of currency, excluding investment in equity shares and other
instruments eligible for capital funds, on domestic banks/financial institutions that fulfill
Capital Adequacy Requirements will be risk weighed at 20% while for the rest, it will be
100%.
Banks should make use of the publicly available information of the immediately preceding
quarter of the respective banks to gauge their status on capital adequacy.
2.
Claims on a foreign bank excluding investment in equity shares and other instruments
eligible for capital funds shall be risk weighed as per the ECA Country risk score subject to
the floor of 20%. The primary basis for applying the ECA Country Risk score shall be the
country of incorporation of the bank. Where the bank is a branch office, the ECA score of
the country where the corporate office is located shall be used while in the case of a
subsidiary the basis shall be the country where the subsidiary is incorporated.
0-1
2
3 to 6
7
ECA risk scores
20%
50%
100%
150%
Risk weights
However, the claims on foreign banks incorporated in the SAARC region and which
operate with a buffer of 1% above their respective regulatory minimum capital
requirements
may be risk weighed at 20%. The banks shall be responsible to submit the
latest capital adequacy position of such banks and demonstrate that they fulfill the
eligibility requirements. Such capital adequacy position submitted by the banks should not
be prior to more than one financial year. Moreover, such claims shall be subject to a
supervisory review and supervisors may require the bank to risk weigh the claims on ECA
country risk scores where the review process deems necessary.
Claims on corporate & securities firms
1.
The risk weight for claims on domestic corporates, including claims on insurance
companies and securities firm will be 100%. The domestic corporates includes all firms and
companies incorporated in Nepal as per prevailing Acts and regulations.
2.
The claims on foreign corporate shall be risk weighed as per the ECA Country risk score
subject to the floor of 20% as follows:
0-1
2
3
4 to 6
7
ECA risk scores
20%
50%
100%
100%
150%
Risk weights
Claims on regulatory retail portfolio
1.
Claims5 that qualify all criteria listed below may be considered as regulatory retail portfolio
and risk weighed at 75%, except for past due loans. Such claims however, have to be in
strict compliance with the Product paper developed by the bank and approved by their
respective board of directors
Criteria:
Public sector entity (PSE) is one, which is owned or controlled by government or any other entity categorized as
PSE by NRB.
Lending against securities (such as equities and bonds) whether listed or not, are specifically excluded from this
category. Likewise credit card receivables are excluded from this category. However, lending against personal
guarantee and fully backed by guaranteed cash flow such as pension etc. that has negligible risk of failure can be
included in this category.
13
f.
g.
h.
i.
6
7
8
9
Personal finance includes overseas employment loan, home loan (to the extent they do not qualify for treatment as
claims secured by residential property), direct deprived sector loan.
Aggregated exposure means gross amount (i.e. not taking any credit risk mitigation into account) of all forms of
credit exposures availed from the bank .
Counterpart refers to one or a group of borrowers defined by the NRB directives as a single obligor.
An exposure is past due if it falls into any other category other than Pass loan as per provisions of NRB directive
on Loan classification.
14
5.
j.
k.
The claims which are not fully secured or are only backed up by personal guarantee shall
attract 150% risk weight.
6.
Where loan cannot be segregated/or identified as regulatory retail portfolio or qualifying
residential mortgage loan or under other categories, it shall be risk weighed at 150%.
Other assets
1.
With regard to other assets, following provisions have been made;
Interest receivable/claim on government securities will be risk-weighed at 0%.
Staff loan given as per Employee By-laws and secured by residential property, that is
or will be occupied by the staff or that is rented, will be risk-weighed at 60%.
However, banks should ensure the existence of adequate margin of security over the
amount of loan based on strict valuation rules.
Investments in equity or regulatory capital instruments issued by securities firms will
be risk-weighed at 100%.
Cash in transit and other cash items in the process of collection will be risk-weighed at
20%. For this purpose, cash items shall include Cheque, Draft, and Travellers Cheques.
Fictitious assets that have not been deducted from Tier 1 capital shall be risk weighed
at 100%.
All Other assets will be risk-weighed at 100% net of specific provision.
Off balance sheet items
1.
Off-balance sheet items under the simplified standardized approach will be converted into
equivalent risk weight exposure using risk weight as follows:
Risk Weight
Any commitments those are unconditionally cancelable at any time by the bank without prior
notice, or that effectively provide for automatic cancellation due to deterioration in a borrowers
creditworthiness (for example bills under collection)
0%
10%
20%
20%
10
10
Unsettled securities and foreign exchange transactions between bank to bank and between bank
and customer
20%
50%
Performance-related contingencies
Contingent liabilities, which involve an irrevocable obligation to pay a third party in the event that
counterparty fails to fulfill or perform a contractual non-monetary obligation, such as delivery of
goods by a specified date etc. This includes issue of performance bonds, bid bonds, warranties,
indemnities, underwriting commitments and standby letters of credit in relation to a non-monetary
obligation of counterparty under a particular transaction.
50%
50%
20%
An unsettled transaction is one where delivery of the instrument is due to take place against receipt of cash, but
which remain unsettled five business days after the due settlement date.
15
credit, working capital loan etc. except for trade finance exposures.
Repurchase agreements, securities lending, securities borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements
and equivalent transactions
This includes sale and repurchase agreements and asset sales with recourse, where the credit risk
remains with the purchasing bank.
100%
100%
100%
100%
3.4
11
A collateralized transaction is one in which: a) banks have a credit exposure or potential credit exposure; and b)
that credit exposures or potential credit exposure is hedged in whole or in part by collateral posted by the counter
party or by a third party on behalf of the counter party.
16
3.
b.
c.
Maturity Mismatch:- The maturity of the underlying exposure and the maturity of the hedge
should both be defined conservatively. The effective maturity of the underlying should be
gauged as the longest possible remaining time before the obligor is scheduled to fulfill its
obligation. The collateral must be pledged for at least the life of the exposure. In case of
mismatches in the maturity of the underlying exposure and the collateral, it shall not be
eligible for CRM benefits.
4.
Currency Mismatch:- Ideally the currency of the underlying exposure and the collateral
should be the same. Where the credit exposure is denominated in a currency that differs
from that in which the underlying exposure is denominated, there is a currency mismatch.
Where mismatches occur, it shall be subject to supervisory haircut of 10%.
5.
Risk Management:- While CRM reduces credit risk, it simultaneously may increase other
risks to which a bank is exposed, such as legal, operational, liquidity and market risks.
Therefore, it is imperative that banks employ robust procedures and processes to control
these risks, including strategy; consideration of the underlying credit; valuation; policies
and procedures; systems; control of roll-off risks; and management of concentration risk
arising from the bank's use of CRM techniques and its effect with the bank's overall credit
profile. In case where these requirements are not fulfilled, NRB may not recognize the
benefit of CRM techniques.
6.
Qualifying criteria for guarantee:- A guarantee (counter guarantee) to be eligible must
represent a direct claim on the protection provider and must be explicitly referenced to
specific exposures or a pool of exposures, so that the extent of the cover is clearly defined
and irrefutable. Other than non-payment by a protection purchaser of money due in respect
of the credit protection contract it must be irrevocable in that there must be no clause in the
contract that would increase the effective cost of cover as a result of deteriorating credit
quality in the hedged exposure. It must also be unconditional in that there should be no
clause in the protection contract outside the control of the bank that could prevent the
protection provider from being obliged to pay out in a timely manner in the event that the
original counter party fails to make the payments due.
On the qualifying default or non-payment of the counter party, the bank may in a timely
manner pursue the guarantor for any monies outstanding under the documentation
governing the transaction. The guarantor may make one lump sum payment of all monies
under such documentation to the bank, or the guarantor may assume the future payment
obligations of the counter party covered by the guarantee. The bank must have the right to
receive any such payments from the guarantor without first having to take legal actions in
order to pursue the counter party payment.
Eligible Collaterals:
1.
Cash deposit (as well as certificates of deposit or fixed deposits or other deposits) with the
bank. The banks may only claim these as CRM only if it has specific authority to recover
the amount from this source in case of default.
2.
Fixed Deposit Receipts/Certificates of deposits/other deposits of other Banks and FIs, who
fulfill the capital adequacy requirements, subject to a 20% supervisory haircut.
3.
Gold.
4.
Securities issued by the Government of Nepal and Nepal Rastra Bank.
5.
Guarantee of the Government of Nepal
6.
Financial guarantee/counter guarantee of domestic banks and FIs who meet the minimum
capital adequacy requirements subject to a haircut of 20%.
7.
Securities/Financial guarantee/Counter guarantee issued by sovereigns.
8.
Securities/Financial guarantee/Counter guarantee issued by MDBs in the list specified in
3.3 b (3 & 4)
9.
Securities/Financial guarantee/Counter guarantee issued by banks with ECA rating 2 or
better. The supervisory haircut shall be 20% and 50% for the banks with ECA rating of 0-1
and 2 respectively.
Methodology for using CRM
Step 1: Identify the accounts eligible for capital relief under credit risk mitigation.
Step 2: Assess the value of the exposure and the eligible collateral. The value of the eligible
collateral is the lower of the face value of the instrument or the outstanding amount of
exposure
Step 3: Adjust the value of the eligible collateral in respect of the supervisory haircut in terms of
currency mismatch and other eligibility requirements.
17
4.
4.1
4.2
Step 4: Compare the adjusted value of the collateral with the outstanding exposure.
Step 5: The value of the eligible CRM is the lower of the adjusted value of the collateral and the
outstanding exposure.
Step 6: Plot the eligible CRM in the appropriate category of credit risk.
The sum total of net amount of eligible CRM as per Form No.4 Exhibit of claims with eligible
credit risk mitigants shall be consistent with the Form No.3 Eligible Credit Risk Mitigants
prescribed in this framework.
OPERATIONAL RISK
GENERAL:
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate internal processes, people, and systems, or from
external events. Operational risk itself is not a new concept, and well run banks have been addressing it in
their internal controls and corporate governance structures. However, applying an explicit regulatory capital
charge against operational risk is a relatively new and evolving idea. Basel II requires banks to hold capital
against the risk of unexpected loss that could arise from the failure of operational systems.
The most important types of operational risk involve breakdowns in internal controls and corporate
governance. Such breakdowns can lead to financial losses through error, fraud, or failure to perform in a
timely manner or cause the interests of the bank to be compromised in some other way, for example, by its
dealers, lending officers or other staff exceeding their authority or conducting business in an unethical or
risky manner. Other aspects of operational risk include major failure of information technology systems or
events such as major fires or other disasters.
BASIC INDICATOR APPROACH:
Under the basic indicator approach, banks must hold capital for operational risk equal to the average over the
previous three years of a fixed percentage (denoted alpha) of positive annual gross income.
The capital charge for operational risk may be expressed as follows:
KBIA = [(GI1..n )]/N
4.3
where:
KBIA = capital charge under the Basic Indicator Approach
GI = annual gross income, where positive, over the previous three years
N = number of the previous three years for which gross income is positive
= 15 percent.
NRB shall review the capital requirement produced by this approach for general credibility, especially in
relation to a bank's peers and in the event that credibility is lacking, appropriate supervisory action under
Review Process shall be considered.
Figures for the year, in which annual gross income is negative or zero, should be excluded from both the
numerator and denominator while calculating the average. In case where the gross income for all of the last
three years is negative, 5% of total credit and investments net of specific provisions shall be considered as the
capital charge for operational risk. For this purpose investments shall comprise of money at call, placements,
investment in government securities and other investments irrespective of currency.
Similarly, in case of new banks who have not completed an year of operation and hence whose average gross
income cannot be measured reliably, they shall also be required to compute their capital charge for
operational risk vide the same approach as prescribed for banks with negative gross income. These banks may
use the gross income approach from second year onwards. But, based on the reasonableness of the so
computed capital charge for Operation Risk, during the first three years of operation, review process may
require additional proportion of capital charge if deemed necessary.
GROSS INCOME:
Gross income is defined as "net Interest Income" plus "non interest income". It is intended that this measure
should:
a.
be gross of any provisions (e.g. for unpaid interest) and write-offs made during the year;
b.
be gross of operating expenses, exclude reversal during the year in respect of provisions and writeoffs made during the previous year(s);
c.
exclude income/gain recognized from the disposal of items of movable and immovable property;
d.
exclude realized profits/losses from the sale of securities in the held to maturity category;
e.
exclude other extraordinary or irregular items of income and expenditure
Thus, for the purpose of capital adequacy requirements, gross income shall be summation of:
a.
Total operating income as disclosed in Profit and Loss account prepared as per NRB directive no.4.
The total operating income comprises of:
1.
Net Interest Income
2.
Commission and Discount Income
18
4.4
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
3.
Other Operating Income
4.
Exchange Fluctuation Income
b.
Addition/deduction in the Interest Suspense during the period.
Banks shall use the annual audited financials of the last three years for the computation of gross income under
this approach. Hence, the capital requirement for operational risk for a whole financial year shall remain
constant. Until the accounts are finalized for the financial year, banks shall use the provisional figures for the
period, which should be validated by the internal auditor of the bank.
COMPUTATION OF RISK WEIGHT:
Operational risk-weighted assets are determined by multiplying the operational risk capital charge by 10 (i.e.,
the reciprocal of the minimum capital ratio of 10%) and adding together with the risk weighted exposures for
credit risk.
MARKET RISK
DEFINITION OF MARKET RISK:
Market risk is defined as the risk of losses in on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet positions arising from
adverse movements in market prices. The major constituents of market risks are:
a.
The risks pertaining to interest rate related instruments;
b.
Foreign exchange risk (including gold positions) throughout the bank; and
c.
The risks pertaining to investment in equities and commodities.
SEGREGATION OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO:
Banks will have to segregate their investment portfolio into any of following three categories:
a.
Held for Trading:
An investment that is made for the purpose of generating a profit from short term fluctuations in
price should be classified under this category. An asset should be classified as held for trading even
if it is a part of a portfolio of similar assets for which there is a pattern of trading for the purpose of
generating a profit from short term fluctuations in price. These investments should be marked to
market on a daily basis and differences reflected in the profit and loss account.
b.
Held to Maturity:
The investments made with positive intent and ability of the bank to hold till maturity should be
classified as held to maturity investments. The bank does not have the positive intent to hold an
investment to maturity, if any of the following conditions are met:
1.
Bank has the intent and the ability to hold the asset for only an undefined period; or
2.
Bank stands ready to sell the asset (other than if a situation arises that is non-recurring and
could not have been reasonably anticipated) in response to changes in market interest rates
or risks, liquidity needs, changes in the availability of and the yield on alternative
investments, changes in financing sources and terms, or changes in foreign currency risk.
The held to maturity investments should be valued at amortised cost i.e. the cost price less any
impairments (if applicable). The impairments should be included in the profit and loss accounts for
the period.
c.
Available for Sale:
All other investments that are neither "held for trading" nor "held to maturity" should be classified
under this category. These investments should be marked to market on a regular basis and the
difference to be adjusted through reserves. Banks are required to maintain Investment Adjustment
Reserve (eligible as Tier 2 capital) to the extent of 2% of available for sale portfolio.
The share investment on Credit Information Centre, Nepal Clearing House Ltd. and National Banking
Training Institute shall receive an exemption in computing 2% of investment value for Investment
Adjustment Reserve .
NET OPEN POSITION APPROACH:
Out of the various components of market risk, foreign exchange risk is the predominant risk in our country.
The effects of other forms of market risk are minimal. Thus, a net open position approach has been devised to
measure the capital requirement for market risk. As evidenced by its name, this approach only addresses the
risk of loss arising out of adverse movements in exchange rates. This approach will be consolidated over time
to incorporate other forms of market risks as they start to gain prominence.
The designated Net Open Position approach requires banks to allocate a fixed proportion of capital in terms
of its net open position. The banks should allocate 5 percentage of their net open positions as capital charge
for market risk.
NET OPEN POSITION:
Net open position is the difference between the assets and the liability in a currency. In other words, it is the
uncovered volume of asset or liability which is exposed to the changes in the exchange rates of currencies.
19
5.5
6.
6.1
6.2
For capital adequacy requirements the net open position includes both net spot positions as well as net
forward positions.
For capital adequacy purposes, banks should calculate their net open position in the following manner:
a.
Calculate the net open position in each of the foreign currencies.
b.
Convert the net open positions in each currency to NPR as per prevalent exchange rates.
c.
Aggregate the converted net open positions of all currencies, without paying attention to long or
short positions.
d.
This aggregate shall be the net open position of the bank.
COMPUTATION OF RISK WEIGHT:
Risk-weighted assets in respect of market risk are determined by multiplying the capital charges by 10 (i.e.,
the reciprocal of the minimum capital ratio of 10%) and adding together with the risk weighted exposures for
credit risk.
REVIEW PROCESS
GENERAL:
The supervisory review process of the framework is intended not only to ensure that banks have adequate
capital to support all the risks in their business, but also to encourage banks to develop and use better risk
management techniques in monitoring and managing their risks. It is the responsibility of the bank
management in developing an internal capital assessment process and setting capital targets that are
commensurate with the banks risk profile and control environment beyond the core minimum requirements.
Nepal Rastra Bank recognizes the significance of the relationship between the amount of capital held by the
bank against its risks and the strength and effectiveness of the banks risk management and internal control
processes. However, increased capital should not be viewed as the only option for addressing increased risks
confronting the bank. Other means for addressing risk, such as strengthening risk management, applying
internal limits, strengthening the level of provisions and reserves, and improving internal controls, must also
be considered. Furthermore, capital should not be regarded as a substitute for addressing fundamentally
inadequate control or risk management processes.
There are three main areas that is particularly suited to treatment under this process: risks considered under
minimum capital requirements which are not fully captured it (e.g. credit concentration risk); those factors not
taken into account by the minimum capital requirements (e.g. business and strategic risk); and factors external
to the bank (e.g. business cycle effects).
In order to achieve the objectives of the supervisory review process, this process has been broadly divided
into three parts:
a.
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP)
b.
Supervisory Review
c.
Supervisory Response
INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS:
The internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) is a comprehensive process which requires board
and senior management oversight, monitoring, reporting and internal control reviews at regular intervals to
ensure the alignment of regulatory capital requirement with the true risk profile of the bank and thus ensure
long-term safety and soundness of the bank. The key components of an effective ICAAP are discussed below.
a.
Board and senior management oversight
Bank management is responsible for understanding the nature and level of risk being taken by the
bank and how this risk relates to adequate capital levels. It is also responsible for ensuring that the
formality and sophistication of the risk management processes is commensurate with the complexity
of its operations. A sound risk management process, thus, is the foundation for an effective
assessment of the adequacy of a banks capital position.
The board of directors of the bank are responsible for setting the banks tolerance for risks. The
board should also ensure that management establishes a mechanism for assessing various risks;
develops a system to relate these risks to the banks capital level and sets up a method for monitoring
compliance with internal policies. It is equally important that the board instills strong internal
controls and thereby an effective control environment through adoption of written policies and
procedures and ensures that the policies and procedures are effectively communicated throughout the
bank.
The analysis of a banks current and future capital requirements in relation to its strategic objectives
is a vital element of the strategic planning process. The strategic plan should clearly outline the
banks capital needs, anticipated capital expenditures, desirable capital level, and external capital
sources. Senior management and the board should view capital planning as a crucial element in
being able to achieve its desired strategic objectives.
b.
Sound capital assessment
20
c.
Another crucial component of an effective ICAAP is the assessment of capital. In order to be able to
make a sound capital assessment the bank should, at minimum, have the following:
Policies and procedures designed to ensure that the bank identifies, measures, and reports all
material risks;
A process that states capital adequacy goals with respect to risk, taking account of the banks
strategic focus and business plan; and
A process of internal control, reviews and audit to ensure the integrity of the overall
management process.
Comprehensive assessment of risks
All material risks faced by the bank should be addressed in the capital assessment process. Nepal
Rastra Bank recognizes that not all risks can be measured precisely. However, bank should develop
a process to estimate risks with reasonable certainties. In order to make a comprehensive assessment
of risks, the process should, at minimum, address the following forms of risk.
1.
Credit risk: Banks should have methodologies that enable them to assess the credit risk
involved in exposures to individual borrowers or counterparties as well as at the portfolio
level. The credit review assessment of capital adequacy, at a minimum, should cover risk
rating systems, portfolio analysis/aggregation, large exposures and risk concentrations.
Internal risk ratings are an important tool in monitoring credit risk. Internal risk ratings
should be adequate to support the identification and measurement of risk from all credit
exposures, and should be integrated into an institutions overall analysis of credit risk and
capital adequacy. The ratings system should provide detailed ratings for all assets, not only
for problem assets.
2.
Credit concentration risk: Risk concentrations are arguably the single most important
cause of major problems in banks. A risk concentration is any single exposure or group of
exposures with the potential to produce losses large enough (relative to a banks capital,
total assets, or overall risk level) to threaten a banks health or ability to maintain its core
operations.
Lending being the primary activity of most banks, credit risk concentrations are often the
most material risk concentrations within a bank. However, risk concentrations can arise in a
banks assets, liabilities, or off-balance sheet items, through the execution or processing of
transactions (either product or service), or through a combination of exposures across these
broad categories. Credit risk concentrations are based on common or correlated risk factors,
which, in times of stress, have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of each of the
individual counterparties making up the concentration.
Such credit concentrations are not addressed in the minimum capital requirements for credit
risk. Thus, Banks should have in place effective internal policies, systems and controls to
identify, measure, monitor, and control their credit risk concentrations. Banks should
explicitly consider the extent of their credit risk concentrations in their assessment of
capital adequacy under review process. These policies should cover the different forms of
credit risk concentrations to which a bank may be exposed to. Such concentrations include
but are not limited to:
Significant exposures to an individual counterparty or group of related counterparty.
Banks might also establish an aggregate limit for the management and control of all of
its large exposures as a group;
Credit exposures to counterparties in the same economic sector or geographic region;
Credit exposures to counterparties whose financial performance is dependent on the
same activity or commodity; and
Indirect credit exposures arising from a banks CRM activities (e.g. exposure to a
similar type of collateral or credit protection provided by a single counterparty or same
collateral in cases of multiple banking).
A banks framework for managing credit risk concentrations should be clearly documented
and should include a definition of the credit risk concentrations relevant to the bank and
how these concentrations and their corresponding limits are calculated. Limits should be
defined in relation to a banks capital, total assets or, where adequate measures exist, its
overall risk level. A banks management should conduct periodic stress tests of its major
credit risk concentrations and review the results of those tests to identify and respond to
potential changes in market conditions that could adversely impact the banks performance.
3.
Operational risk: The failure to properly manage operational risk can result in a
misstatement of an institutions risk/return profile and expose the institution to significant
21
d.
e.
losses. Gross income, used in the Basic Indicator Approach is only a proxy for the scale of
operational risk exposure of a bank and can in some cases underestimate the need for
capital. Thus, Banks should develop a framework for managing operational risk and
evaluate the adequacy of capital as prescribed by this framework. The framework should
cover the banks appetite and tolerance for operational risk, as specified through the
policies for managing this risk, including the extent and manner in which operational risk is
transferred outside the bank. It should also include policies outlining the banks approach to
identifying, assessing, monitoring and controlling/mitigating the risk.
4.
Market risk: The prescribed approach for the computation of capital charge for market risk
is very simple and thus may not be directly aligned with the magnitude of risk. Likewise,
the approach only incorporates risks arising out of adverse movements in exchange rates
while ignoring other forms of risks like interest rate risk and equity risks. Thus, banks
should develop a framework that addresses these various forms of risk and at the same time
perform stress tests to evaluate the adequacy of capital.
The use of internal models by the bank for the measurement of market risk is highly
encouraged. Wherever bank's make use of internal models for computation of capital
charge for market risks, the bank management should ensure the adequacy and
completeness of the system regardless of the type and level of complexity of the
measurement system as the quality and reliability of the measurement system is largely
dependent on the quality of the data and various assumptions used in the model.
5.
Liquidity risk: Liquidity is crucial to the ongoing viability of any financial institution. The
capital positions can have a telling effect on institutions ability to obtain liquidity,
especially in a crisis. Each bank must have adequate systems for measuring, monitoring and
controlling liquidity risk. Banks should evaluate the adequacy of capital given their own
liquidity profile and the liquidity of the markets in which they operate. Banks are also
encouraged to make use of stress testing to determine their liquidity needs and the adequacy
of capital.
6.
Other risks: Although the other risks, such as reputational and strategic risk, are not
easily measurable, banks are expected to take these into consideration as well while
deciding on the level of capital.
Monitoring and reporting
The bank should establish an adequate system for monitoring and reporting risk exposures and
assessing how the banks changing risk profile affects the need for capital. The banks senior
management or board of directors should, on a regular basis, receive reports on the banks risk
profile and capital needs. These reports should allow senior management to:
Evaluate the level and trend of material risks and their effect on capital levels;
Evaluate the sensitivity and reasonableness of key assumptions used in the capital assessment
measurement system;
Determine that the bank holds sufficient capital against the various risks and is in compliance
with established capital adequacy goals; and
Assess its future capital requirements based on the banks reported risk profile and make
necessary adjustments to the banks strategic plan accordingly.
Internal control review
The banks internal control structure is essential to a sound capital assessment process. Effective
control of the capital assessment process includes an independent review and, where appropriate, the
involvement of internal or external audits. The banks board of directors has a responsibility to
ensure that management establishes a system for assessing the various risks, develops a system to
relate risk to the banks capital level, and establishes a method for monitoring compliance with
internal policies. The board should regularly verify whether its system of internal controls is
adequate to ensure well-ordered and prudent conduct of business.
The bank should conduct periodic reviews of its risk management process to ensure its integrity,
accuracy, and reasonableness. Key areas that should be reviewed include:
Appropriateness of the banks capital assessment process given the nature, scope and
complexity of its activities;
Identification of large exposures and risk concentrations;
Accuracy and completeness of data inputs into the banks assessment process;
Reasonableness and validity of scenarios used in the assessment process; and
Stress testing and analysis of assumptions and inputs.
22
6.3
SUPERVISORY REVIEW:
Nepal Rastra Bank shall regularly review the process by which a bank assesses its capital adequacy, risk
positions, resulting capital levels, and quality of capital held by a bank. Supervisors shall also evaluate the
degree to which a bank has in place a sound internal process to assess capital adequacy. The emphasis of the
review should be on the quality of the banks risk management and controls and should not result in
supervisors functioning as bank management. The periodic review can involve any or a combination of:
On-site examinations or inspections;
Off-site review;
Discussions with bank management;
Review of work done by external auditors (provided it is adequately focused on the necessary capital
issues); and
Periodic reporting.
Some of the key areas which will be reviewed during the supervisory review process are discussed hereunder
a.
Review of adequacy of risk assessment
NRB shall assess the degree to which internal targets and processes incorporate the full range of
material risks faced by the bank. Supervisors shall also review the adequacy of risk measures used in
assessing internal capital adequacy and the extent to which these risk measures are also used
operationally in setting limits, evaluating business line performance, and evaluating and controlling
risks more generally. Supervisors shall consider the results of sensitivity analyses and stress tests
conducted by the institution and how these results relate to capital plans.
b.
Assessment of capital adequacy
NRB shall review the banks processes to determine that:
Target levels of capital chosen are comprehensive and relevant to the current operating
environment;
These levels are properly monitored and reviewed by senior management; and
The composition of capital is appropriate for the nature and scale of the banks business.
NRB shall also consider the extent to which the bank has provided for unexpected events in setting
its capital levels. This analysis should cover a wide range of external conditions and scenarios, and
the sophistication of techniques and stress tests used should be commensurate with the banks
activities.
c.
Assessment of the control environment
NRB shall consider the quality of the banks management information reporting and systems, the
manner in which business risks and activities are aggregated, and managements record in
responding to emerging or changing risks. In all instances, the capital level at an individual bank
should be determined according to the banks risk profile and adequacy of its risk management
process and internal controls. External factors such as business cycle effects and the macroeconomic
environment should also be considered.
d.
Supervisory review of compliance with minimum standards
In order to obtain relief as per this framework banks are required to observe number of requirements,
including risk management standards and disclosures. In particular, banks will be required to
disclose features of their internal methodologies used in calculating minimum capital requirements.
As part of the supervisory review process, supervisors must ensure that these conditions are being
met on an ongoing basis. Likewise, the supervisors must ensure that qualifying criteria as specified
in the framework are continuously being met as these criteria are developed as benchmarks that are
aligned with bank management expectations for effective risk management and capital allocation.
e.
Significance of risk transfer
Securitization or credit sale agreements with recourse may be carried out for purposes other than
credit risk transfer (e.g. funding). Where this is the case, there might still be a limited transfer of
credit risk. However, for an originating bank to achieve reductions in capital requirements, the risk
transfer arising from a securitization or credit sale has to be deemed significant by the NRB. If the
risk transfer is considered to be insufficient or non existent, NRB can require the application of a
higher capital requirement or, alternatively, may deny a bank from obtaining any capital relief from
the securitization or transfer agreements. Therefore, the capital relief that can be achieved will
correspond to the amount of credit risk that is effectively transferred.
f.
Credit Risk Mitigants
In case when the eligibility requirements are not fulfilled, NRB will not consider Credit Risk
Mitigants in allocating capital. Similarly, CRM may give rise to residual risks, which may render the
overall risk reduction less effective. Where, these risks are not adequately controlled by the bank,
NRB may impose additional capital charges or take other appropriate supervisory actions.
23
g.
6.4
1% of total deposit
2% of total deposit
3% of total deposit
4% of total deposit
7.
8.
For this purpose, liquid assets include cash and bank balances, money at call & short notice,
placement upto 90 days and investment in government securities. Borrowings repayable
upto 90 days is deducted from liquid assets to obtain net liquid assets.
Note: Aforesaid Provision shall be effective from Falgun end 2066 BS.
Where the banks do not adopt sound practices for the management of operational risk, an
additional capital charge of 2% of Gross Income of immediate previous financial year shall
be levied for operational risks.
Where the Gross Income determined for computation of capital charge of Operational Risk
for all of the last three years is negative and where the banks themselves have not addressed
24
7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
the capital charge for operational risk, 5% of the total credit and investments net of specific
provisions shall be the capital charge for operational risk.
New banks who have not completed an year of operation and hence whose gross income
cannot be measured reliably and where the banks themselves have not addressed the capital
charge for operational risk, shall also be required to compute their capital charge for
operational risk vide the same approach as prescribed for banks with negative gross income.
These banks may use the gross income approach from second year onwards. But, based on
the reasonableness of the so computed capital charge for Operation Risk, during the first
three years of operation, review process may require additional proportion of capital charge.
9.
During the course of review, where the supervisor is not satisfied with the overall risk
management policies and procedures of the bank, the total risk weighted exposures of the
bank shall be increased up to 5%.
10.
In case the bank has not achieved the desired level of disclosure requirements, the total risk
weighted exposures of the bank shall be increased up to 3%.
11.
Banks that do not meet the eligibility requirements to claim the benefit under credit risk
mitigation techniques shall not be allowed the benefit of CRM.
b.
Corrective Actions for Non-Compliances
1.
The failure on part of the banks to meet the provisions of this framework shall be
considered as a violation of the NRB directives and shall attract stipulated actions. The
nature of the enforcement action largely depends on degree of the capital adequacy of the
bank. The trigger points and the prescribed action in case of non-compliance shall be as per
the provisions of Prompt Corrective Action Byelaw 2064 propounded by Nepal Rastra
Bank.
DISCLOSURE
GENERAL:
The purpose of disclosure requirements is to complement the minimum capital requirements and the review
process by developing a set of disclosure requirements which will allow market participants to assess key
pieces of information on the scope of application, capital, risk exposures, risk assessment processes, and
hence the capital adequacy of the bank. It is believed that providing disclosures that are based on a common
framework is an effective means of informing the market about a banks exposure to those risks and provides
a consistent and comprehensive disclosure framework that enhances comparability. The importance of
disclosure is more pronounced in cases of bank that rely on internal methodologies in assessing capital
requirements.
DISCLOSURE PRINCIPLES:
Banks should have a formal disclosure policy approved by the Board of directors that addresses the banks
approach for determining what disclosures it will make and the internal controls over the disclosure process.
In addition, banks should implement a process for assessing the appropriateness of their disclosures,
including validation and frequency. While deciding on the disclosure policy, the board should pay due
attention to strike a balance between materiality and proprietary and confidential information.
a.
Materiality
Besides the minimum prescribed disclosure requirements, a bank should decide which additional
disclosures are relevant for it based on the materiality concept. Information would be regarded as
material if its omission or misstatement could change or influence the assessment or decision of a
user relying on that information for the purpose of making economic decisions.
b.
Proprietary and confidential information
Proprietary information encompasses information (for example on products or systems), that if
shared with competitors would render a banks investment in these products/systems less valuable,
and hence would undermine its competitive position. Information about customers is often
confidential, in that it is provided under the terms of a legal agreement or counterparty relationship.
This has an impact on what banks should reveal in terms of information about their customer base,
as well as details on their internal arrangements, for instance methodologies used, parameter
estimates, data etc. The disclosure requirements set out below by NRB aims to strike an appropriate
balance between the need for meaningful disclosure and the protection of proprietary and
confidential information.
VALIDATION:
The disclosures of the bank should be subjected to adequate validation. In addition, supplementary material
(such as Managements Discussion and Analysis) that is published should also be subjected to sufficient
scrutiny (e.g. internal control assessments, etc.) to satisfy the validation issue. If material is not published
under a validation regime, for instance in a stand alone report or as a section on a website, then management
should ensure that appropriate verification of the information takes place, in accordance with the general
disclosure principles.
25
7.4
DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS:
Banks should at minimum, disclose the following information at the stipulated time intervals. At the same
time, banks shall be free to disclose any other information they consider important for its stakeholders as and
when they consider necessary, beyond the prescribed requirements.
a.
Banks should provide the following disclosures as at end of each financial year along with the
annual financial statements.
1.
Capital structure and capital adequacy
o Tier 1 capital and a breakdown of its components;
o Tier 2 capital and a breakdown of its components;
o Detailed information about the Subordinated Term Debts with information on the
outstanding amount, maturity, amount raised during the year and amount eligible to be
reckoned as capital funds.
o Deductions from capital;
o Total qualifying capital;
o Capital adequacy ratio;
o Summary of the banks internal approach to assess the adequacy of its capital to
support current and future activities, if applicable; and
o Summary of the terms, conditions and main features of all capital instruments,
especially in case of subordinated term debts including hybrid capital instruments.
2.
Risk exposures
o Risk weighted exposures for Credit Risk, Market Risk and Operational Risk;
o Risk Weighted Exposures under each of 11 categories of Credit Risk;
o Total risk weighted exposure calculation table;
o Amount of NPAs (both Gross and Net)
Restructure/Reschedule Loan
Substandard Loan
Doubtful Loan
Loss Loan
o NPA ratios
Gross NPA to gross advances
Net NPA to net advances
o Movement of Non Performing Assets
o Write off of Loans and Interest Suspense
o Movements in Loan Loss Provisions and Interest Suspense
o Details of additional Loan Loss Provisions
o Segregation of investment portfolio into Held for trading, Held to maturity and
Available for sale category
3.
Risk Management Function
o For each separate risk area (Credit, Market and Operational risk), banks must describe
their risk management objectives and policies, including:
Strategies and processes;
The structure and organization of the relevant risk management function;
The scope and nature of risk reporting and/or measurement systems; and
Policies for hedging and/or mitigating risk and strategies, and processes for
monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedges/mitigants.
o Types of eligible credit risk mitigants used and the benefits availed under CRM.
b.
All commercial banks should make following disclosures on a quarterly basis on their respective
websites.
o
Tier 1 capital and a breakdown of its components;
o
Tier 2 capital and a breakdown of its components;
o
Detailed information about the Subordinated Term Debts with information on the outstanding
amount, maturity, amount raised during the year and amount eligible to be reckoned as capital
funds.
o
Deductions from capital;
o
Total qualifying capital;
o
Capital adequacy ratio;
o
Risk weighted exposures for Credit Risk, Market Risk and Operational Risk;
o
Risk Weighted Exposures under each of 11 categories of Credit Risk;
o
Total risk weighted exposure calculation table;
o
Amount of NPAs (both Gross and Net)
Restructure/Reschedule Loan
Substandard Loan
Doubtful Loan
26
Loss Loan
NPA ratios
Gross NPA to gross advances
Net NPA to net advances
o
Movement of Non Performing Assets
o
Write off of Loans and Interest Suspense
o
Movements in Loan Loss Provisions and Interest Suspense
o
Details of Additional Loan Loss Provisions
o
Segregation of investment portfolio into Held for trading, Held to maturity and Available for
sale category
o
Summary of the banks internal approach to assess the adequacy of its capital to support
current and future activities, if applicable; and
o
Summary of the terms, conditions and main features of all capital instruments, especially in
case of subordinated term debts including hybrid capital instruments.
Disclosure requirements under this framework should also be published in the respective websites of
the banks. Such disclosures of the banks should also be updated to reflect the capital adequacy
position of the banks after the supervisory adjustments under the review process. Banks that do not
host a website yet are required to make the necessary arrangements to host a website immediately.
Banks are required to report to NRB their capital adequacy computations, according to the format as
specified in Annexure of this framework on a monthly basis within one month after the end of the
month or as required by NRB from time to time. All such returns has to be validated by the internal
auditor of the bank. If the monthly internal audit couldnot be carried out, it should be disclosed on
the monthly returns. But, such returns at the end of the quarter must be submitted with the validation
from the internal auditor of the bank.
Besides the returns specified above, a bank must inform NRB within 30 days of:
1. Any breach of the minimum capital adequacy requirements set out in this framework together
with an explanation of the reasons for the breach and the remedial measures it has taken to
address those breaches.
2. Any concerns it has about its capital adequacy, along with proposed measures to address these
concerns.
Full compliance of these disclosure requirements is a pre-requisite before banks can obtain any
capital relief (i.e., adjustments in the risk weights of collateralized or guaranteed exposures) in
respect of any credit risk mitigation techniques.
o
c.
d.
e.
27
Current Period
Previous Period
Current Period
Previous Period
28
0
Current Period
0
Previous Period
Book
Value
Specific
Provision
Eligible
CRM
Net
Value
Risk
Weight
Risk
Weighted
Exposures
f=d*e
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
d=a-b-c
0
0
0
0
0
0
e
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
20%
50%
100%
150%
0%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
20%
50%
100%
150%
0
0
0
0
0
20%
100%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20%
50%
100%
150%
0
0
0
0
20%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
20%
50%
100%
150%
75%
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60%
150%
100%
100%
0
0
0
0
150%
150%
Cash Balance
Balance With Nepal Rastra Bank
Investment in Nepalese Government Securities
All Claims on Government of Nepal
Investment in Nepal Rastra Bank securities
All claims on Nepal Rastra Bank
Claims on Foreign Government and Central Bank
(ECA 0-1)
Claims on Foreign Government and Central Bank
(ECA -2)
Claims on Foreign Government and Central Bank
(ECA -3)
Claims on Foreign Government and Central Bank
(ECA-4-6)
Claims on Foreign Government and Central Bank
(ECA -7)
Claims On BIS, IMF, ECB, EC and on Multilateral
Development Banks (MDB's) recognized by the
framework
Claims on Other Multilateral Development Banks
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 0-1)
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 2)
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 3-6)
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 7)
29
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
150%
60%
0%
20%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
0
0
Gross
Book
Value
a
Specific
Provision
b
Revocable Commitments
0
0
0
0
Eligible
CRM
Net
Value
Risk
Weight
d=a-b-c
Risk
Weighted
Exposures
f=d*e
0%
0
0
0%
10%
0
0
20%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20%
50%
100%
150%
0
0
0
0
50%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20%
50%
100%
150%
0
0
0
0
50%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20%
50%
100%
150%
50%
0
0
0
0
0
100%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
20%
50%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100%
200%
0
0
0
30
(b)
(c)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Claims secured
(Overdue)
by
residential
properties
Investments
in
equity
and
other
capital
31
Credit exposures
(b)
(c)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Underwriting commitments
Repurchase
recourse
Financial Guarantee
Total
Grand Total
32
Counterparty
Category
Facility
(Rs.In .)
Eligible CRM
Outstanding
Nature
Gross Amount
Haircut
Net Amount
Assets
Gross Amount
Specific
Provision
Net Balance
Fixed Assets
Reconciliation Account
Sundry Debtors
10
11
12
Stationery
13
Other
0
0
TOTAL
FY ......
FY ......
FY ......
15%
15%
15%
10
33
10
Currency
INR
USD
GBP
EURO
THB
CHF
......
.......
.......
Amount
34
35
-`_
-6_
$=
%=
^=
&=
36
:ki6Ls/0fM
*=
(=
u|]; cjlw eGgfn] shf{ k|jfx ldlt b]lv shf{sf] ls:tf e'QmfgL ug{ ;"? x'g] ldlt
a'em\g' kg]{5 .
37
-#_
-$_
-%_
-^_
tyf ls:tf /sd kl/jt{g ePdf . o; k|;+udf Aofhb/ a9]/ shf{sf] ;dofjlw
tyf ls:tf ;+Vof ylkg uPdf shf{ :jLs[t ug]{ ;dodf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf
ls:tf /sd 36fpg kfOg] 5}g . To:t}, Aofhb/ sd eO{ shf{sf] ;dofjlw
tyf ls:tf ;+Vof 36\g uPdf klg shf{ :jLs[t ug]{ a]nfdf lgwf{l/t ls:tf
/sd 36fpg kfOg] 5}g .
-v_
k'g/;+/rgf jf k'g/tflnsLs/0f ul/Psf shf{sf] ;fFjf ls:tf tyf Aofhsf] e'QmfgL
nuftf/ b'O{ jif{;Dd lgoldt ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf shf{x?nfO{ c;n shf{df kl/0ft
ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-u_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ k|jfx ePsf kl/of]hgfx?sf] Aofhdf j[l4, cGo
nfutdf j[l4 jf pTkfbg Ifdtfdf j[l4 eO{ z'?df tf]lsPsf] shf{ e'Qmfg ug]{ cjlw
-Repayment Schedule_ df shf{ r'Qmf ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt g/x]sf C0fLx?dWo] /fli6o
k|fyldstfdf /x]sf xfO{8f]kfj/, s]jnsf/ jf o:t} cGo k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL
kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ b]xfosf b'j} cj:yf k"/f u/]sf] cj:yfdf ! k|ltzt dfq shf{ gf]S;fgL
Joj:yf sfod ug{ ;Sg] u/L k'g/tflnsLs/0fk'g;{+/rgf ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L
k'g/tflnsLs/0fk'g;{+/rgf ul/Psf shf{x?nfO{ c;n shf{sf] ?kdf juL{s/0f ug{
;lsg] 5 .
-c_
Aofh /sd e'Qmfg u/]sf], /
-cf_ kl/of]hgf lgis[o geO{ lgoldt gub k|jfx ul//x]sf] jf kl/of]hgf
;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] .
-3_
z]o/sf] lwtf]df k|bfg u/]sf] shf{x?nfO{ k'g/;+/rgf jf k'g/tflnsLs/0f ug{ kfOg]
5}g .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ lgIf]k tyf shf{ ;'/If0f lgudaf6
;'/If0f u/fPsf] jf jLdf u/fPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;'/If0f u/]sf] shf{sf] nflu ug'{ kg]{ shf{
gf]S;fgL Joj:yf -Loan Loss Provision_ df &% k|ltzt 5'6 lbO{ afFsL @% k|ltzt dfq Joj:yf
u/] k'Ug] 5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] z'? z]o/ lg:sfzg -Initial Public Offering - IPO_ x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf
z]o/ vl/bsf nflu a'emfOg] cfj]bgsf] cw{s6\6Lsf] ;'/If0fdf o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+= !% df
ePsf] Joj:yf ljkl/t s'g} lsl;dsf] shf{ k|jfx ug{ kfOg] 5}g . To:tf] shf{ k|afx u/]sf]
xsdf ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] zt k|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
JolQmut;+:yfut hdfgLdf shf{ k|bfg ubf{ C0fLsf] JolQmut hdfgL /sd a/fa/sf] cGo
s;}sf] bfjL gnfUg] ;DklQsf] laj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf lng' kg]{5 . qm]l86 sf8{ afx]s
JolQmut;+:yfut hdfgLdf dfq} k|jflxt shf{nfO{ klg pk/f]Qmfg';f/ juL{s/0f u/L c;n,
sd;n / z+sf:kb shf{df kg]{ eP ;f] ju{df tf]lsPsf] k|ltztsf] cltl/Qm aL; k|ltzt yk
u/L shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . cGo ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;'/If0fn] gvfDg] eO{ yk
;'/If0f jfkt JolQmut;+:yfut hdfgt ;d]t lnO{ shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t dfly
pNn]v eP adf]lhd yk shf{sf] nflu Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf shf{x?sf] juL{s/0f laj/0f
5'} tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= # sf] a'Fbf $ sf] v08 -v_ df plNnlvt ;+:yfx?,
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8 / g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] shf{ ;fk6Ldf cltl/Qm aL;
k|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:Yff sfod ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx]s t];|f] kIfsf] lwtf]df dfq} k|jflxt shf{nfO{ o;
lgb]{zg adf]lhd juL{s/0f u/L c;n, sd;n / z+sf:kb shf{df kg]{ eP ;f] ju{df tf]lsPsf]
k|ltztsf] cltl/Qm aL; k|ltzt yk shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . C0fLsf] cGo
ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;'/If0fn] gvfDg] eO{ yk ;'/If0f jfkt t];|f] kIfsf] lwtf] ;d]t lnO{ shf{
k|jfx u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd shf{sf] nflu yk Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
o:tf shf{x?sf] juL{s/0f laj/0f 5'} tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-c_
C0fL JolQm ePdf lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] gfddf ePsf] lwtf] .
-cf_ C0fL kmd{ ePdf ;f] kmd{sf] k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/ jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] gfddf
ePsf] lwtf] .
-O_
C0fL sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ePdf ;f] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, ;+rfns
jf ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfddf ePsf] lwtf] .
38
-&_
-*_
-(_
-!)_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] JolQmut hdfgLdf k|jfx eO/x]sf] lzIff shf{ tyf n3' ljQLo ;+:yf
Pj+ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljkGg ju{ shf{ cGtu{t nufgL u/]sf] shf{df dfly pka'Fbf -%_
adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yfdf cltl/Qm jL; k|ltzt yk shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] rfx]df dflyNnf] ju{sf] shf{ ;fk6x?nfO{ tNnf] ju{df juL{s/0f ug{ s'g}
aGb]h nufOPsf] 5}g . pbfx/0fsf nflu sd;n shf{nfO{ z+sf:kb jf v/fa shf{df /
z+sf:kbnfO{ v/fj shf{df juL{s/0f ug{ kfOg] 5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] shf{sf] l:ylt x]/L o; lgb]{zgdf tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd shf{
gf]S;fgL Joj:yfsf] cltl/Qm yk shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug{ rfx]df To;/L yk shf{
gf]S;fgL ul/Psf shf{ vftfx? :ki6 v'nfpg' kg]{ 5 .
shf{;fk6 eGgfn] ljN; vl/b tyf l8:sfp06 ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' kg]{ 5 .
l6Kk0fLM ;lqmo shf{sf] nflu ul/Psf] shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yfnfO{ ;fdfGo shf{ gf]S;fgL
Joj:yf (General Loan Loss Provision) / lgl:qmo shf{sf] nflu ul/Psf] shf{ gf]S;fgL
Joj:yfnfO{ ljz]if shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf (Specific Loan Loss Provision) sf] ?kdf lnOg]] 5 .
!)=
!!=
39
!@=
!#=
40
!$=
!%=
!^=
41
-@_
-#_
-$_
-%_
-^_
-&_
-*_
-(_
;'/If0fdf /x]sf] z]o/sf] k'g/d"Nofg u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df yk shf{ ;Ldf sfod ug{ jf
yk shf{ k|bfg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
Margin Call ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
-s_
z]o/sf] ahf/ d"Nodf x'g] kl/jt{gsf] sf/0fn] Margin Call ug{' k/]df ;DalGwt
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f] sf] d"No cg'udg u/L a9Ldf & lbgleqdf
lgb]{lzt ;Ldfleq Nofpg C0fL u|fxsnfO{ ;"lrt u/L Margin Call ug{' kg]{5 .
t/, ;'/If0fdf /flvPsf] z]o/sf] d"Nodf !) k|ltzt;Ddn] 36]sf] cj:yfdf
Margin Call ug{ afWo x'g] 5}g .
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]lhd ;"rgf hf/L u/]kl5 ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
Margin Call u/]sf] ldltn] #% lbgleq ;DalGwt C0fLu|fxsaf6 Margin
jfktsf] /sd hDdf u/fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-u_
v08 -v_ cg'?k gePdf To;kl5sf] & lbg leqdf To;/L ;'/If0f /flvPsf]
z]o/ lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/ dfkm{t\ ljqmL u/L shf{ c;'npk/ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-3_
v08 -u_ cg'?k c;'npk/ gePdf To:tf] shf{sf] nflu ztk|ltzt shf{
gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
o;/L k|jfx ePsf] shf{sf] cjlw Ps jif{eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . z]o/ lwtf] shf{ -Margin
type Lending_ pkef]u ul//x]sf C0fLn] cfkm"n] lnPsf] shf{sf] ;Dk"0f{ aSof}tf Aofh
e'QmfgL u/L shf{ lgoldt /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] shf{ gjLs/0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
t/, cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|jfx ePsf] shf{sf] nflu yk ;'/If0f:j?k C0fLn] lbPsf]
z]o/ lwtf]sf] xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{
k|of]hgsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;"rgf, tYof+s / ljj/0f ;DalGwt shf{ kmfOndf
cBfjlws u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf yk lwtf] ;'/If0f:j?k lnOg] To:tf] z]o/,
cltl/Qm lwtf]sf] ?kdf dfq /xg] 5 .
b]xfosf cj:yfdf /x]sf ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/sf] lwtf]df shf{ k|bfg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-s_
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd k'FhLsf]ifsf] cg'kft sfod gu/]sf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?,
-v_
g]6jy{ C0ffTds ePsf ;+:yfx?,
-u_
g]kfn lwtf]kq ljlgdo jhf/ lnld6]8n] ;"rLs/0faf6 x6fPsf (Delisted)
;+:yfx?,
-3_
cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] Ps jif{ cjlw k"/f x'Fbf ;d]t clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f
gug]{ ;+:yfx?,
lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df ;"lrs[t ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/sf] lwtf]df shf{ k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfgf] shf{ gLltlgb]{lzsfdf :ki6 Joj:yf eO{ cGo shf{
k|bfg u/] ;/x cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ k|ls|of k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
o:f/L k|jfx ePsf] shf{ c;n shf{df /x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo cj:yfdf zt
k|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] j9Ldf cfgf] k|fylds k'FhL (Core Capital) a/fa/sf]
/sd;Dd dfq o; k|s[ltsf] shf{ k|jfx ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;fy}, o;/L shf{ k|bfg ubf{ a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Pp6f ;"rLs[t sDkgLsf] z]o/sf] xsdf cfgf] k|fylds k'FhL (Core
Capital) sf] a9Ldf @% k|ltztdf ggfg] u/L dfq shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]{5 .
o; k|of]hgsf] nflu k|fylds k'FhL (Core Capital) eGgfn] l7s cl3Nnf] qodf;sf]
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] ljQLo ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df sfod x'g cfPsf] k|fylds k'FhL
;Demg' kb{5 .
ljutdf cfgf] k|fylds k'FhL (Core Capital) eGbf a9L shf{ k|bfg u/]sf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] lgwf{l/t ;Ldfdf gcfP;Dd o:tf] k|s[ltsf] yk shf{ k|jfx ug{ kfOg]
5}g .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o:tf] shf{ k|jfx ubf{ z]o/sf] ;Ssn k|df0fkq lwtf] /fv]/
dfq shf{ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, a|f]s/n] hdfgt lbg] ;DaGwL k|lqmof af/]df g]kfn lwtf]kq jf]8{ / g]kfn lwtf]kq
ljlgdo ahf/ ln= n] cfjZos Joj:yf u/]sf] cfwf/df z]o/sf] ;Ssn} k|df0fkq k|fKt
gePsf] cj:yfdf klg a|f]s/sf] hdfgt / z]o/ vl/bljqmL /l;bsf cfwf/df cfjZos
42
!&=
!*=
dflh{g sfod u/L a9Ldf Ps jif{sf] nflu shf{ k|bfg ug{ o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g . o:tf] shf{af6 ;[hgf x'g ;Sg] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu Ohfhtkq k|fKt
;+:yfn] pko'Qm Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-v_
a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffx?n]] lwtf] ;'/If0f lnPsf z]o/sf ;DaGwdf M
!=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lwtf] ;'/If0f lnPsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?sf] z]o/ ;sf/ u/L shf{ c;'nL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
@=
o; cl3 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ ;sf/ u/L shf{ c;'nL u/]sf]
ePdf ;sf/ ul/Psf z]o/x? clgjfo{ ?kn] laqmL ug{' kg]{5 . ljz]if sf/0fjz laqmL x'g
g;sL afFsL /x]sf z]o/x?sf] xsdf z]o/ ;sf/ u/]sf] d"No a/fa/n] x'g cfpg] /sdsf]
zt k|ltzt gf]S;fgL Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf]aGws /fvL shf{ k|jfx ug{] ;DaGwdf
b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf]aGws /fvL shf{ k|jfx ug{ ;lsg]
5M
-s_ ;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf] /fvL shf{ k|jfx ubf{ cfO{kg]{ hf]lvd lgoGq0f Pj+ Joj:yfkg ug{] cfjZos
pkfox? cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ! k|ltzt eGbf a9L ;+:yfks z]o/ wf/0f u/]sf
;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xsf z]o/wgLxn] cfkm"n] wf/0f u/]sf] ;+:yfks z]o/dWo] %) k|ltzt eGbf
a9L z]o/ lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng kfpg] 5}gg\ . o;k"j{ ;f] ;LdfeGbf a9L z]o/ lwtf] /fvL shf{
pkof]u ul//x]sfsf] xsdf pQm shf{sf] e'QmfgL ldlt jf @)^* cfiff9 d;fGtdWo] h'g klxn] x'G5,
;f] ;doleq tf]lsPsf] ;Ldfdf NofO;Sg'' kg]{5 .
-u_ ;+:yfks z]o/sf] lwtf]df shf{ k|jfx ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu ;'/If0f afkt /flvg] z]o/sf] d"Nofg ubf{
;fwf/0f z]o/sf] +kl5Nnf] !*) sfo{ lbgsf] cf};t d"Nosf] a9Ldf %) k|ltzt d"No jf ;+:yfks
z]o/sf] clGtd sf/f]jf/sf] d"NodWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f] sf] cfwf/df d"No sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L
sfod ul/Psf] d"Nosf] a9Ldf ^) k|ltzt /sd;Dd dfq shf{ lbg ;lsg] 5 . Psk6s k|jfx
ul/;s]sf] o:tf] shf{sf] ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] z]o/sf] k'g/d"Nofg u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df yk shf{ ;Ldf
sfod ug{ jf yk shf{ k|bfg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
t/, ahf/ d"No sd eO{ shf{ c;'/lIft ePsf] cj:yfdf yk ;'/If0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-3_ ;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf]aGws /fvL shf{ k|jfx ubf{ To:tf] z]o/nfO{ u}/ a}+ls ;DklQ (Non-Banking
Asset) df n}hfg kfO{g] 5}g / o;/L lwtf]jGws /flvPsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ e'QmfgL cjlw gf3]sf] ^
dlxgfleq k|rlnt sfg'g / o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL ljqmL u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-_ ;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf]aGws /fvL shf{ k|jfx ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] shf{sf] e'QmfgL cjlw ls6fg
ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] cjlw Ps jif{ eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-r_ ;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf] aGws /fvL shf{ k|jfx ubf{ To:tf] shf{sf] k'g/;+/rgf / k'g/tflnsLs/0f ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
-5_ ;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf]aGws /fvL shf{ k|jfx ubf{ c;n shf{ jfx]s cGo cj:yfdf ztk|ltzt shf{
gf]S;fgL Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-h_ tf]lsPsf] e'QmfgL cjlwdf shf{ r'Qmf gu/]df ;+:yfks;~rfnsnfO{ @! lbgleq clgjfo{ ?kdf
sfnf];"rL (Black Listing) df /fVg l;kmfl/z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] ;DjGwL Joj:Yff C0f k|jfx ubf{ g}
C0fLnfO{ shf{ ;Demf}tf (Loan deed) df pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-em_ dfly -s_ b]lv -em_ ;Dd plNnlvt Joj:yfx? a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] shf{ gLlt
ljlgoddf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
a}+s hdfgt -Bank Guarantee_ ;DaGwdf
-s_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k|ls|of k"/f u/L hf/L u/]sf a}s hdfgt -Bank Guarantee_ afktsf]
/sd s'g} sf/0f k/L Beneficiary nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ cj:yfdf dfu bfjL k/]sf] ;ft lbgleq
e'QmfgL lbg]glbg] ;DaGwdf 6'f] nufO;Sg' kg]{5 .
-v_
o:f/L bfjL k/]sf] ;ft lbgleqdf a}+s hdfgt hf/L ug]{ ;+:yfn] Beneficiary nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg'
kg]{ cj:yfdf kof{Kt cfwf/ lagf e'QmfgL gu/]df ;DalGwt a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffsf] o; a}+sdf
/x]]sf] vftf o; a}+sn] cfb]z lbPsf] a}+ssf] vftfaf6 sf u/L ;DalGwt Beneficiary nfO{
43
44
@$=
@%=
@^=
@&=
@*=
@(=
#)=
#!=
#@=
##=
Risk taker -;+rfns, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t jf Joj:yfkg txsf] kbflwsf/L_ nfO{ k|jfx x'g] shf{
;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] csf]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf ;+rfns, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t jf Joj:yfkg
txsf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lzIff shf{, xfo/ kr]{h shf{, 3/ shf{ jf 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf ;fdfu|L shf{ afx]s
cGo s'g} lsl;dsf shf{ k|jfx ug{gjLs/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
PsfpG6k]oL r]s dfkm{t shf{ /sd lgsf;f ug'{ kg]{ ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} klg sDkgLkmd{ jf ;+ul7t ;+3;+:yfnfO{ :jLs[t shf{sf]
/sd lgsf;f ubf{ ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfdf g} vftf vf]nL hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] afx]ssf] cj:yfdf
C0fL sDkgLkmd{ jf ;+ul7t ;+3;+:yfsf] gfddf PsfpG6k]oL r]s dfkm{t dfq shf{ /sd lgsf;f ug'{
kg]{5 .
kof{j/0fLo k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ dfq shf{ k|jfx ug]{ ;DjGwdf
s'g} klg k|s[tLsf pBf]ux?df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] shf{ nufgL ug'{k"j{ clgafo{ ?kdf kof{j/0fLo
k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f u/L shf{ k|jfx ug'{kg]{ 5 .
e'QmfgL tflnsf ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k|jfx u/]sf] ls:tf c;'nL ;DaGwL
sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0f ubf{ ls;fgn] pTkfbg ug]{ afnL leq\ofpg] ;do / shf{sf] ls:tf e'QmfgL ug]{ ;do
aLr ;s];Dd tfnd]n ldNg] lsl;dn] To:tf] sfo{ tflnsf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ 5 .
hdfgt lbPsf] cj:yfdf hdfgLkqdf pNn]v u/]sf] /sd;Dd dfq lhDd]jf/ x'g]
hdfgt lbPsf] cj:yfdf hdfgLkqdf pNn]v u/]sf] /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] nflu hdfgL lbg]
JolQmkmd{ sDkgL;+:yfnfO{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf lhDd]jf/ gu/fpg hdfgLkq tof/ ubf{ g} hdfgL
/sd, C0fsf] cjlw, C0fsf] k|of]hg, k|d'v C0fL, ;fIfL, hdfgtstf{sf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ;f] sf] ;gfvt
nufotsf ljifox? :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 .
clu|d e'QmfgL z'Ns ;DaGwdf
shf{ lnFbfsf] avt tf]lsPsf] zt{ jf Jofhb/ kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0f C0fLn] cfkm\gf] cfDbfgL jf >f]taf6
shf{ cu|Ld e'QmfgL ug{ rfx]df To:tf] clu|d e'QmfgL u/] jfkt s'g} lsl;dsf] z'Ns lng kfOg] 5}g .
lwtf] km's'jf ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk'mn] u/]sf] shf{ nufgL adf]lhd c;'n pk/ ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ /sd c;'n eO{
;s]kl5 ;'/If0f jfkt /flvPsf] lwtf] tTsfn k'ms'jfsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
shf{ ;fk6sf] juL{s/0f ljj/0f k7fpg] ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfly{s jif{sf] cflZjg, kf}if, r}q / cfiff9 d;fGtdf shf{ juL{s/0f u/L ;+nUg
lgb]{zg kmf=g+= @=!, @=@ / @=# cg';f/sf ljj/0fx? qodf; ;dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq o; a}+ssf]
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu / ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]df x'g ;Sg] sf/jfxL
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] of] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)) jdf]lhd
sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] shf{;fk6sf] juL{s/0f / shf{ gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f
lgb]{zg g+= @)^* af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
45
ljj/0f
:jb]zL
ljkGg ju{
ljldt
cljldt
cGo
!=
clws[t b:tvt
46
o;
qodf;sf]
hDdf
u|fxslkR5] juL{s/0f ul/Psf] shf{x? tyf ;f]sf] gf]S;fgL Joj:yf ;DaGwL ljj/0f
===============;fn ==================d;fGt
zfvf
;d"x
sf]
gfd
C[0fL nufgL
sf] sf/f]jf/
gfd
ldlt
:jLs[t
;Ldf
-?_
shf{ Joj:yf
ljkGg s}lkmot
ju{
/sd
?=
s'n hDdf M
ldlt
b|i6Jo M !_
@_
#_
$_
%_
^_
&_
clws[tsf] gfd
b:tvt
ls:tfaGbLdf k|bfg ul/Psf cfjlws shf{x? (Term Loan) sf] xsdf klxnf] ls:tfn] efsf gf3]sf] ldlt g}
e'QmfgL ldlt x'g]5 . olb s'g} shf{sf] e'QmfgL ldlt g} gePdf sf]ifdf cfwfl/t shf{ ;'ljwfdf kl/0ft ePsf]
ldlt (Booking date) nfO{ g} e'QmfgL ldlt dfGg' kg]{5 . -h:t}M Uof/]06L e'QmfgL, Forced L/C, rfn' vftf
lagf lnld6 cf]e/8g ePdf cflb_ .
e'QmfgL ldlt lbgdlxgf;fn (day/month/year) cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
obL shf{x?nfO{ e'QmfgL ldlt eGbf leGg cfwf/df juL{s/0f ul/Pdf, juL{s/0f ul/Psf] sf/0f s}lkmot dxndf
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . -pbfx/0fsf] nfluM C0fL sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ePdf, Aoa;fo ;~rfng gePdf, shf{
b'?kof]u ePdf cflb_ .
ljkGg ju{ shf{ ;DjlGw ljj/0fx? 5'} ljj/0fsf] ?kdf s'n /sd ;lxt b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
of] shf{ ljj/0fdf Ps} ;d"xsf C0fLx?sf] ljj/0f 5'lg] u/L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
shf{ auL{s/0fdf c;n, k'g/tflnsLs/0fk'g/;+/rgf, sd;n, z+sf:kb tyf v/fj nfO{ qmdzM !, @, #, $ /
% pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 .
of] ljj/0fsf] OskL dfq k7fpg' kg]{5 . xf8{skL k7fpg'kg]{ 5}g .
C0fL jf kf6L{sf]
gfd 7]ufgf
-!_
-@_
-#_
-$_
gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
k|ltzt /sd ?=
-%_
s"n hDdf
ldlt
clws[tsf] gfd
b:tvt
47
-^_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 Pp6} u|fxs, kmd{, sDkgL jf cfk;L ;DaGw ePsf u|fxsx?sf]
;d"xnfO{ tyf cy{ Joj:yfsf] Ps} If]qdf k|jfx x'g] shf{sf ;DjGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &( n]
lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L b]xfosf] lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!=
shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwfsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f
-!_
-@_
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
48
@=
hnljB't kl/of]hgf, ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg -Transmission Line_ / s]jnsf/ lgdf{0f kl/of]hgfdf shf{
k|jfx ug]{ ;DaGwdfM
-s_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] hnljB't kl/of]hgf, ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg -Transmission Line_ /
s]jnsf/ lgdf{0f kl/of]hgfdf sf]ifdf cfwfl/t shf{ tyf u}/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t ;'ljwf k|fylds
k'FhLsf] a9Ldf %) k|ltzt;Dd k|jfx ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
t/, hnljB't kl/of]hgfsf] xsdf k|fylds k'FhLsf] @% k|ltzteGbf a9L shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]{
cj:yfdf ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu clgjfo{ ?kdf ljB't vl/b ;Demf}tf (Power Purchase
Agreement) ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_
o:tf kl/of]hgfsf] e'QmfgL tflnsf -Repayment Schedule_ tof/ ubf{ gub k|jfx tyf cGo
k|df0fsf] cfwf/df k'li6 x'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_
kl/of]hgf ljZn]if0f u/L ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] to u/]sf] Moratorium Period
cyjf To:tf] kl/of]hgfjf6 ljB't pTkfbg x'g] ;dodWo] h'g ;do cufl8 x'G5 ;f]xL ldltaf6
ls:tf c;'n ug'{ kg]{5 .
-3_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ljMz'4 hnljB't kl/of]hgf, ljB't k|zf/0f nfOg
(Transmission Line) / s]jnsf/ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx?df nufgL ubf{ dfq ljBdfg @%
k|ltztsf] Psn u|fxs shf{ ;LdfnfO{ a[l4 u/L sf]ifdf cfwfl/t shf{ tyf u}/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t
;'ljwf ;d]t u/L hDdf k|fylds k'FhLsf] a9Ldf %) k|ltzt;Dd nufgL ;Ldf sfod ul/Psf]
5 . t/, hnljB't kl/of]hgf, ljB't k|zf/0f nfOg (Transmission Line) / s]jnsf/ lgdf{0f
;DaGwL kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL u|fxsn] u}/ hnljB'tljB't k|zf/0f nfOgs]jnsf/ kl/of]hgfdf
klg nufgL ug{ rfx]df %) k|ltztsf] ;Ldf ggf3\g] u/L sf]ifdf cfwfl/t shf{ tyf u}/ sf]ifdf
cfwfl/t ;'ljwf ;d]t u/L a9Ldf @% k|ltzt;Dd dfq shf{;'ljwf k|jfx ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-pbfx/0fsf] nflu, M sf]if tyf u}/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t ;'ljwf ;d]t u/L hDdf k|fylds k'FhLsf] %)
k|ltzt ljz'4 hnljB't kl/of]hgfljB't k|;f/0f nfOgs]jnsf/ kl/of]hgfdf nufgL u/]df
cGodf nufgL ug{ kfOg] 5}g . sf]if tyf u}/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t ;'ljwf ;d]t u/L hDdf k|fylds
k'FhLsf] $) k|ltzt dfq ljz'4 hnljB't kl/of]hgfljB't k|zf/0f nfOgs]jnsf/
kl/of]hgfdf nufgL u/]df cGodf !) k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ kfOg] 5 . sf]if tyf u}/
sf]ifdf cfwfl/t ;'ljwf ;d]t u/L hDdf k|fylds k'FhLsf] ! k|ltztb]lv @% k|ltzt dfq ljz'4
hnljB't kl/of]hgfljB't k|zf/0f nfOgs]jnsf/ kl/of]hgfdf nufgL u/]df cGodf @%
k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ kfOg] 5 . _
#=
$=
sy+sbflrt, u}/ hnljB'tljB't k|zf/0f nfOg s]jnsf/ kl/of]hgfdf tf]lsPsf] ;Ldf gf3L
shf{ k|jfx u/]df ;Ldf gf3]sf] /sd a/fa/sf] shf{df ztk|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod
ug'{ kg]{5 .
;Ldf ;dfof]hg
u|fxsn] jf;nft aflx/sf ;'ljwfx? Ps k6s pkof]u ul/;s] kl5 o:tf] ;'ljwf sf]ifdf cfwfl/t shf{df
kl/0ft ePdf To:tf] u|fxssf] nflu ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ubf{ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t shf{ ;Ldf ;DaGwL lgb]{zg nfu"
x'g]5 .
shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwfsf] ;Ldfdf 5'6
b]xfosf shf{ ;fk6 jf ;'ljwfsf] xsdf a''Fbf g+= ! df pNn]v ul/Psf] ;Ldf nfu" x'g] 5}g M
-s_ d'2lt /l;b, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;'/If0fkq, g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkqsf] lwtf]df / ljZj a}+s,
Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s tyf cGt//fli6o ljQ lgud nufotsf g]kfn ;b:o ePsf] cGt//fli6o
ax'kIfLo (Multilateral) ljQLo ;+:yfx? tyf cGt//fli6o >]0fLs[t (Rated) a}+ssf] lgMzt{
hdfgtdf k|bfg ul/g] shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwfx? .
;fy}, ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPdf o; a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zgdf
pNn]v ePsf] Joj:yf ;d]t sfod /xg] u/L To:tf cGt//fli6o ax'kIfLo ;+:yfn] hf/L ug]{
hdfgt (Guarantee) df cfwfl/t eO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k|bfg ug]{ shf{df k'FhLsf]ifsf]
cg'kft u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu z"Go hf]lvd ef/ (Zero Risk Weight) k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0fM cGt//fli6o >]0fLs[t (Rated) a}+s eGgfn] ;+o'Qm clw/fHo a]nfotsf] n08gaf6
k|sflzt The Banker klqsfn] k|To]s jif{ h'nfO{ dlxgfdf k|sfzg ug]{ Top Thousand World
Banks sf] ;"rLdf l7s cl3Nnf] jif{ ;dfj]z ePsf a}+sx?nfO{ ;Demg' kg]{5 .
49
-v_
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
b]xfosf ;+:yfx?nfO{ s ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg ul/g] shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwfx?
!=
g]kfn cfon lgud ln=
@=
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg
;+o'Qm nufgLstf{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] Uof/]06L tyf sfp06/ Uof/]06Ldf shf{ tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{]
Joj:yf
;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;+o'Qm nufgLstf{ a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?sf] Uof/]06L tyf sfp06/ Uof/]06Ldf shf{ tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ s'g} afwf kg]{ 5}g . t/, o;/L
k|bfg ul/Psf] shf{df k|ltu|fxs shf{ ;Ldfsf] Joj:yf eg] nfu" x'g]5 . To:tf ;+o'Qm nufgLstf{ a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yf cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t (Rated) a}+s ePdf dfly a'Fbf g+ $ sf] -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd s}
Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
cfk;L ;DaGw ePsf u|fxsx?nfO{ Pp6} ;d"x dflgg] Joj:yf
shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwf ;Ldfsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ cfk;L ;DaGw ePsf u|fxsx?sf] ;d"xnfO{ b]xfosf
cj:yfdf Pp6} ;d"x dflgg] 5 M
-s_
s'g} sDkgLn] csf]{ sDkgLsf] kRrL; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] eP To:tf b'j}
sDkgLx?,
-v_
s'g} JolQm, sDkgLsf] ;~rfns, k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 sDkgLsf z]o/wgL, ;fem]bf/L kmd{sf ;fem]bf/,
kmd{sf k|f]k|fO6/ tyf To:tf JolQm, ;~rfns, z]o/wgL, ;fem]bf/ jf k|f]k|fO6/sf Psf3/df a;f]af;
u/L cfPsf jf 5'fleGg ePsf klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf
/ cfk"mn] kfngkf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ bfh', efO, tyf lbbL, alxgL,
-u_
v08 -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmx?n] PSn} jf ;+o'Qm?kdf csf]{ sDkgLsf] @% k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L
z]o/ lnPsf] eP To:tf sDkgLx?,
-3_
v08 -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmx?n] PSn} jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf csf]{ sDkgLsf] kRrL; k|ltzt eGbf sd
z]o/ lnPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkgdf b]xfosf lsl;daf6 lgoGq0f ePsf To:tf
sDkgLx?M
-!_
;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf eO{,
-@_
sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{, jf
-#_
sDkgLsf] ;~rfnsx?dWo] @% k|ltzteGbf a9L ;~rfnsx? lgo'Qm u/L .
-_
Ps} ;d"xsf egL cfj4 /x]sf kmd{, sDkgL jf To:tf ;d"xsf ;b:ox?,
-r_
v08 -v_ jdf]lhd Pp6f u|fxs jf sDkgLn] csf]{ u|fxs jf sDkgLnfO{ hdfgt lbPsf] eP To:tf
sDkgLx?,
-5_
Pp6} lwtf]df PseGbf a9L JolQmx?nfO{ shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] eP To:tf JolQmx?,
-h_
Ps cfk;df JolQmut hdfgL lbO{ Cross Guarantee /x]sf] 5 eg] To:tf] hdfgL lbg]lng]
JolQmx?,
-em_ kmd{, sDkgL afx]s cGo ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf ;f] ;+:yf ;+rfng, lgoGq0f jf Joj:yfkgdf k|ToIf
;+nUg JolQm jf lghsf] Psf3/df a;f]af; u/L cfPsf jf 5'fleGg ePsf klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f,
5f]/L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf / cfk"mn] kfngkf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ bfh', efO, tyf lbbL,
alxgL .
cfk;L ;DaGw ePsf u|fxsx?sf] ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Pp6f u|fxs jf cfk;L ;DaGw ePsf u|fxsx?sf] clen]v cw{jflif{s ?kdf
tof/ u/L Ps dlxgfleq o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu tyf ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f
ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
cnu ;d"xsf] ?kdf lnOg] Joj:yf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf krf; k|ltzt eGbf a9L :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf sDkgLnfO{ 5'} cnu_ ;d"xsf] ?kdf lnOg] 5 .
clws]lGb|t hf]lvd (Concentration Risk) Go"gLs/0f ug{] Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s'g} Pp6f u|fxs, kmd{, sDkgL jf cfk;L ;DaGw ePsf u|fxsx?sf] ;d"xnfO{
a'Fbf g+= -!_ sf] pka'Fbf -!_ df tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L shf{ ;fk6 jf ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]df To;af6
pTkGg x'g] clws]lGb|t hf]lvd vfDgsf] nflu ;LdfeGbf a9L k|bfg ul/Psf] shf{ ;fk6 jf ;'ljwfsf] zt
k|ltzt yk shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf (Loan Loss Provision) sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
50
!)=
!!=
-$_
-s_ 3/hUuf tyf l/on :6]6sf] ;'/If0fdf k|jfx x'g] shf{sf] /sd lwtf] ;'/If0fdf /flvPsf] 3/hUuf
tyf l/on :6]6 ;DklQsf] Fair Market Value sf] ^) k|ltzt ggfg] u/L dfq shf{ k|bfg ug'{
kg]{5 . t/, cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{ (Residential Real Estate) sf] xsdf Fair Market Value sf]
b'O{ ltxfO{;Dd shf{ k|jfx ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-v_ cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{, Joj;flos ejg tyf cfjf;Lo ckf6{d]06 lgdf{0f shf{, lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{
cfo cfh{g ug{ yfn]sf] Jofkfl/s sDKn]S; shf{{ tyf cGo l/on :6]6 shf{ -hUufhdLg vl/b
tyf Knl6+u shf{ ;d]t_ u/L s'n shf{sf] @% k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] u/L shf{ ;Ldf tf]lsPsf]
5 . ;fy}, cGo l/on :6]6 shf{ -hUufhdLg vl/b tyf Knl6+u shf{ ;d]t_ sf] nflu k|jfx x'g]
shf{sf] ;Ldf s'n shf{sf] !) k|ltzt sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
-u_ of] lgb]{zg nfu" x'Fbf pQm ;LdfeGbf a9L shf{ k|jfx eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfx?n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;dofjlwleq b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;Ldfleq NofO;Sg' kg]{5 .
51
zLif{s
@)^* cfiff9 d;fGtdf
-c_ cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{
-cf_ Joj;flos ejg tyf cfjf;Lo ckf6{d]06
lgdf{0f shf{
s'n shf{sf] a9Ldf #) k|ltzt
-O_ lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ cfo cfh{g ug{ yfn]sf]
Jofkfl/s sDKn]S; shf{
-O{_ cGo l/on :6]6 shf{ -hUufhdLg vl/b
s'n shf{sf] a9Ldf !% k|ltzt
tyf Knl6+u shf{ ;d]t_
s'n shf{sf] a9Ldf #) k|ltzt
hDdf [-c_, -cf_, -O_ / -O{_]
-!_ l/on :6]6 shf{ ;fk6 eGgfn] lgb]{zg g+= ( sf] lgb]{zg kmf= g+= (=# -s_ k|of]hg cg';f/sf]
shf{ ;fk6df plNnlvt k|i6Ls/0fsf] l;=g+= % sf] l/on :6]6 shf{nfO{ a'emfpg] 5 .
-@_ shf{ k|jfx ubf{ tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw cg';f/sf] ;Ldf gfg]u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] pQm
k|of]hgProduct x?df k|bfg u/]sf] shf{sf] k'g/;+/rgf jf gjLs/0f ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ .
t/ o; kl/kqsf] ;+/rgf Pj+ efjgfnfO{ k|lts'n c;/ gkfg]{ u/L cGo ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfnfO{
oyfjt sfod /fvL l/on :6]6 shf{ ;'ljwf pkef]u u/]sf C0fLn] ;Dk"0f{ aSof}tf Jofh e'QmfgL
u/]sf] cj:yfdf @)&) cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] nflu gjLs/0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-#_ ;du| ;Ldf sfod ug]{ l;nl;nfdf s'g} shf{ ljz]ifnfO{ e'QmfgL Dofb cufj} c;'nL ug]{ u/L
snAofs ug{ o; Joj:yfn] afWo u/fPsf] 5}g . Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|To]s shf{sf]
ls:tfaGbLsf] cfwf/df sfod /fv]sf] e'QmfgL Dofb;Dd ;f] shf{nfO{ ;f]xL ls:tf adf]lhd shf{
c;'n ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-$_ of] lgb]{zg k|yd k6s hf/L x'g' -ldlt @)^^)()@_ cufj} pQm k|of]hgProduct
cGtu{tsf] shf{ ;Ldf :jLs[t eO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ k|ltatf lbO;s]sf] xsdf ;f]
k|ltatf cGtu{tsf] /sd a/fj/sf] shf{ k|jfx ug{ of] lgb]{zgn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ of] lgb]{zg k|yd k6s hf/L eP -ldlt @)^^)()@_ kZrft k|bfg ul/Psf l/on :6]6 shf{
@)^* cfiff9 d;fGt / @)^( cfiff9 d;fGtsf nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;Ldfleq gcfPdf of]
lgb]{zgsf] pNn\3g ePsf] dflgg] 5 . o;/L k|bfg ePsf] l/on :6]6 shf{ ;Ldf gf3]df
gf3]hlt /sdsf] nflu s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] u0fgf ubf{ !%) k|ltztsf] hf]lvd ef/
k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ ax'cfjf;Lo 3/sf nflu Ps dfq a}+sn] shf{ k|jfx ug]{ eP ;f]xL a}+s / ;xljQLos/0f
cGtu{tsf] shf{ eP cu'jf a}+sdf ckf6{d]G6 vl/bstf{x?n] Down Payment jf a'ls v'Nnf
u/]kl5 hDdf u/]sf] /sd clgjfo{?kn] ;DalGwt a}+s jf cu'jf a}+sdf hDdf u/fOPsf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-3_ JolQmut cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{ -Home Loan_ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
-!_ a'Fbf g=+ $ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd ;Ldf u0fgf ubf{ ?= ! -Ps_ s/f]8 jf ;f] eGbf
sdsf] JolQmut cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{'kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ JolQmut cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{ eGgfn] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] u|fxssf] cfo>f]t x]/L ;f] >f]tn]
kof{Kt wfGg] ls:tf sfod u/L pQm u|fxsn] cfkm}+ k|of]u ug]{ jf ef8fdf nufpg] p2]Zon] 3/
lgdf{0f, 3/ckf6{d]G6 vl/bsf] nflu k|jfx u/]sf] cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{ -Home Loan_ nfO{ dfq
a'emfpg]5 .
-#_ of] v08 adf]lhdsf] JolQmut cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{ k|jfx ubf{ a}+sljQLo ;+:yf cfkm}+n] Product
Paper tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/] kZrft dfq o:tf] k|s[ltsf]
shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ of] v08 adf]lhdsf] JolQmut cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{ Pp6f a}+sljQLo ;+:yfaf6 Pp6f kl/jf/nfO{
Pp6f;Dd dfq k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
l6Kk0fLM Pp6} If]qdf k|jflxt shf{ eGgfn] cy{Joj:yfsf] Ps} If]qsf u|fxsx?df k|jflxt shf{ ;fk6 / hdfgt,
arga4tf, k|lttkq h:tf ;'ljwfx? ;Demg' k5{ .
52
!@=
53
qm= ;+=
pBf]uIf]qx?
!
!=!
!=@
!=#
!=$
!=%
!=^
!=&
!=*
s[lif / jg ;DaGwL
afnLafnL ;]jf
lrofskmL
;'lt{
;gkf6
kz'kfngkz'kfng ;]jf kz' awzfnf
ag
l;rfO{
cGo s[lif tyf s[lif hGo ;]jfx?
@
#
#=!
#=@
#=#
#=$
#=%
#=^
#=&
$
$=!
$=@
$=@=!
$=@=@
$=@=#
$=@=$
$=#
$=#=!
$=#=@
%
%=!
%=@
%=#
%=$
%=%
%=^
%=&
%=*
%=(
%=!)
%=!!
%=!@
%=!#
%=!$
%=!%
%=!^
^
^=!
^=@
df5fkfng ;DaGwL
vfgL ;DaGwL
wft' tyf wfp -kmnfd, l;;f OToflb_
sf]Onf
r'g9'f
DofUg];fO6
v/L
t]n tyf Uof; k|zf]rg (Extraction)
vfgL ;DaGwL cGo
s[lif, ag tyf k]okbfy{ pTkfbg ;DaGwL
vfB pTkfbg -Kofs ug]{, k|f];]l; ug]{_
s[lif, jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg
lrgL
;"lt{ k|zf]wg
lr/fg tyf sfi7 pTkfbgkmlg{r/
cGo
k]o kbfy{ -ljo/, dbL/f, ;f]8f OToflb_
dlb/fhGo
dlb/f/lxt
u}/vfB j:t' pTkfbg ;DaGwL
x:tsnf
a'gfO{ (Textile) pTkfbg Pj+ tof/L kf]zfs
sfuh tyf ;Da4 pTkfbg
5kfO tyf k|sfzg
cf}ifwL
k|zf]lwt t]n tyf sf]Onf pTkfbg
vf]6f] tyf tf/lkg
/a/sf] 6fo/
5fnf
Knfli6s
l;d]06
kTy/, df6f] tyf l;;fsf pTkfbgx?
cGo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L pTkfbg
wft' cfwf/e"t kmnfd tyf l:6n Knf06
wft' cGo KnfG6Hof;n
ljljw pTkfbg
lgdf{0f
cfjf;Lo -3/fo;L k|of]hg_
u}/ cfjf;Lo -Jofkfl/s k|of]hg_
/sd ?=
54
k|fylds k'FhLsf]
k|ltzt
^=#
&=
&=!
&=!=!
&=!=@
&=@
&=#
&=$
*
*=!
*=@
*=@=!
*=@=@
*=@=#
*=@=$
*=#
*=$
*=%
*=^
*=&
*=*
*=(
(
(=!
(=@
(=#
(=$
(=%
(=^
(=&
!)
!)=!
!)=@
!)=#
!)=$
!)=%
!)=^
!!
!!=!
!!=@
!!=#
!!=$
!!=%
!!=^
!!=&
!!=*
!!=(
!!=!!
!!=!@
!@
!@=!
!@=@
!@=#
55
!#
!#=!
!#=@
!#=#
!#=$
!#=%
!$
!$=!
!$=@
!$=#
!$=$
!$=%
!%
!^
cGo ;]jfx?
lj1fkg ;]jf
Automotive ;]jf
cGo ;j} ;]jf sDkgLx?
c:ktfn, lSnlgs OToflb
lzIff ;]jf
pkef]Uo shf{
;'g, rfFbL
d'2lt /l;b
;'/If0f kq
q]ml86 sf8{
xfo/ kr]{h -JolQmut pkof]u shf{_
:yfgLo ;/sf/
cGo
hDdf
gf]6 M pk/f]Qmfg';f/ plNnlvt zLif{sx?dWo] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:Yffn] cfkm"n] ug{ kfpg] ljQLo sf/f]jf/x?;+u ;DjlGwt
zLif{sx? dfq k|of]udf Nofpg' kg]{5 .
ldlt
clws[t b:tvt
========================================== lnld6]8
pTkfbgzLn -s[lif, phf{, ko{6g, 3/]n' tyf ;fyf pBf]utkm{ _ If]q shf{ nufgL
cw{jflif{s ;dLIff ljj/0f
-?= nfvdf_
qm=
ljj/0f
;+=
!
@
#
$
k|yd cw{jflif{s
bf]>f] cw{jflif{s
k|yd cw{jflif{s
bf]>f] cw{jflif{s
nIo pknJwL k|ltzt nIo pknJwL k|ltzt nIo pknJwL k|ltzt nIo pknJwL k|ltzt
s[lif
phf{
ko{6g
3/]n' tyf
;fgf
pBf]u*
hDdf
* 3/]n' pBf]u cGtu{t g]kfn cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( sf] cg';"rL ! df pNn]lvt pBf]ux? / ;fgf pBf]u
cGtu{t tLg s/f]8;Dd :yL/ h]yf ePsf pBf]ux? kg]{5g\ .
56
-2_
a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;Dk')f{ zfvfx?sf] ;d]t sf/f]af/ ;dfj]z u/L jf:tljs PsLs[t
ljQLo laj/)f nufot k|d"v ljQLo kl/;'rsx? -Major Financial Indicators_ sf] ljj/)f
x/]s qodf;sf] dlxgf Joltt ePsf] ldltn] 35 lbgleq s"g} Ps /fli^o:t/sf] b}lgs
klqsfdf clgjfo{ ?kdf k|sflzt u/L ;f] sf] Ps k|lt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu /
;DalGwt ;"kl/j]If)f ljefunfO{ ;d]t pknAw u/fpg" kg]{% . -;+nUg g]=/f=a}+s cg";'rL
4=c_
a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfx?n] q}dfl;s laQLo laj/)f k|sfzg ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIfsaf^ k|dfl)ft u/fP/ dfq k|sfzg ug{" kg]{% .
57
-3_
-4_
-5_
-6_
x/]s cfly{s aif{sf] cGTodf ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] ckl/is[t ljQLo ljj/)f / n]vfk/LIf)f ePsf]
laQLo laj/)faLr b]lvPsf] cGt/ ;DaGwdf sf/)f v"nfO{ tflnsfs} ?kdf ;+:yfsf] aflif{s
k|ltj]bgsf] cnUu} kfgfdf ;+nUg g]=/f=a}+s cg";'rL 4=35 sf] (f+rfdf k|sflzt ug{" kg{]% .
a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfx?n] laQLo laj/)f k|sflzt ubf{ pQm cjlwsf] sd{rf/L af]g;, cfos/
Aoj:yf nufotsf ;Dk')f{ vr{x?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]/ dfq k|sflzt ug"{ kg{]% .
a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;j{;fwf/)fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ckl/is[t ljQLo ljj/)f k|sfzg
ubf{ ;"kl/j]If)f ug]{ lgsfo tyf jfX\o n]vfk/LIfsn] yk#^ ug{ lgb]{zg lbPdf kl/is[t
ljQLo ljj/)fdf km/s kg{ ;Sg]% eGg] Joxf]/fsf] km"^gf]^ /fvL k|sfzg ug{" kg]{% .
P]g, gLlt, lgod tyf lgb{]zgdf :ki^ ul/Psf laifodf ;d]t a}+s Aoj:yfkgn] ;dod}
;dfof]hg gu/L laQLo laj/)fdf km/s k/]sf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos
sf/afxL ul/g]% .
-@_
58
@=
#=
59
;Ddsf] /sdn] u0fgf x'g] /sd nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]if v8f u/L /fVg' kg]{
ljBdfg Joj:yfdf 5'6 k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df ;"rLs[t gePsf / ;lqmo ahf/ (Active Market) gePsf Jofkfl/s
nufgL (Held for Trading) tyf ljqmLsf] nflu pknAw nufgL (Available for Sale) x?sf] xsdf
nfut d"No (Cost Price) df n]vfg u/L O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= * jdf]lhd nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]ifsf]
Joj:yf u/L ;f] afktsf] v'b nufgL jf;nftdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, af]g; z]o/ k|fKt ePdf
z]o/ ;+Vof dfq yk ug'{ kg]{5, o;nfO{ cfDbfgL hgfpg kfOg] 5}g .
$
;6xL 36a9 ;dfof]hg gLlt
ljb]zL d'b|f;Fu ;DalGwt ;DklQ, bfloTj tyf ;6xL 36a9 cfDbfgL tyf vr{x?sf]
n]vfg ug]{ tl/sfnfO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vf gLlt cGtu{t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
ljb]zL d'b|f sf/f]af/af6 x'g] cfDbfgLdWo] vl/b ljqmLaf6 x'g] gfkmfgf]S;fg (Trading
Profit/Loss) / ljb]zL d'b|fsf] k'g/d"Nofgaf6 x'g] gfkmfgf]S;fg (Revaluation
Gain/Loss) sf] :ki6 b]lvg] u/L 5'f5'} n]vf /fVg' kg]{5 . Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
ljb]zL ljlgdo b/df x'g] kl/jt{gsf] cfwf/df sDtLdf k|To]s d;fGtdf ;6xL 36a9
lx;fj nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 / k|To]s ;fntdfddf ;dfof]lht v'b k'g/d"Nofg
gfkmfgf]S;fgsf] olsg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fntdfddf k'g/d"Nofg gf]S;fg ePdf gfkmf
gf]S;fg lx;fjdf vr{ hgfpg' kg]{5 . olb ;dfof]lht v'b k'g/d"Nofg /sd gfkmf
ePdf ;f]nfO{ gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fjdf cfDbfgL hgfO{ pQm gfkmfsf] sDtLdf @% k|ltzt
/sd gfkmfgf]S;fg afF8kmfF8 lx;fj dfkm{t\ ;6xL 36a9 sf]if lx;fjdf ljlgof]lht ug'{
kg]{5 .
%
u}/ a}+ls ;DklQsf] n]vfg gLlt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s'g} shf{ c;'nL gePdf ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] lwtf] j]rljvg u/L
afFsL ;fFjf / Aofh p7fpg ;Sg]5 . ;+:yfn] shf{ c;'n ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lwtf] lnnfdL
ubf{ lnnfd laqmL gePdf cfkm}n] ;sf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;sf/ ubf{ lwtf]sf] k|rlnt ahf/
d"No jf lwtf] ;sf/ ug{ cl3Nnf] lbg ;Ddsf] ;Dk"0f{ n]gf /sd dWo] h'g sd x'G5
;f]xL d"Nodf d"Nof+sg ug'{ kg]{5 . olb lwtf]sf] jhf/ d"No shf{sf] n]gf /sd eGbf sd
ePdf sd ePhlt /sd ;f]xL cfly{s jif{df gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fjdf vr{ n]vL ;f]xL
Joxf]/f n]vf gLltdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, o;/L d"Nofg ubf{ To:tf] u}/ a}+ls ;+klQ jfktsf] /sd ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf lx;fj
ldnfg geP;Dd n]gf /sddWo]sf] Aofh /sdnfO{ gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fadf cfDbfgL
hgfpg kfOg] 5}g / To:tf] /sdnfO{ u}/ a}+ls ;+klQ jfktsf] gf]S;fgL Joj:yfdf
;fg'{ kg]{5 .
^
k'FhLs[t gul/g] ;DklQx? ;DaGwL n]vfg gLlt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgn] s'g} lglZrt df]n;Dd kg]{ pks/0f, ;fdfgx?
k'FhLs[t gug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 eg] ;f] s'/f n]vf gLlt cGtu{t ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
&
cfDbfgLvr{ n]vfg ug]{ gLlt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s'g} klg cfovr{nfO{ ;fdfGotof k|f]befjL cfwf/ (Accural
Basis) df cfovr{ hgfpg'kg]{ 5 . t/ shf{;fk6sf] Aofh cfDbfgL hgfpg]
;DjGwdf gub k|fKtLsf] cfwf/df dfq hgfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfDbfgLvr{ hgfpg] ;DjGwdf lnPsf] gLltnfO{ cfgf] n]vf
gLltdf :ki6 v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
;fy}, pk/f]Qm Joj:yf adf]lhd kl/of]hgf shf{ sf] u|]; -Moratorium_ cjlw df
kfs]sf] JofhnfO{ k'FhLs/0f u/L cfDbfgL hgfpg kfOg] 5}g . t/, /fli6o k|fyldstf
k|fKt If]qdf nufgL ul/Psf] shf{sf] xsdf o; a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[tL lnO{ k"FhLs/0f u/L
cfDbfgL hgfpg afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
*
;Defljt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf tyf c;'nL x'g g;Sg] shf{x?sf] ckn]vg gLlt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ ;Defljt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
sfod /fVg'kg]{] x'Fbf ;f]xL Joxf]/f n]vf gLltdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} c;'n x'g g;Sg]
60
-#_
-$_
61
#=
$=
%=
r'Qmf gePsf] z]o/sf] afFsL /sd dfu ubf{ e'QmfgL gu/]sf] sf/0fn]
pQm z]o/nfO{ hkmt u/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /sd .
kF'hLut cg'bfg jfkt k|fKt x'g cfPsf] lhG;L tyf gub /sd .
-O_
;DklQ k'gd"{Nofg hu]8f (Assets Revaluation Reserve)
sDkgLn] ;DklQsf] k'g/d"Nofg u/L ;[hgf x'g cfPsf] hu]8fnfO{ o; cGtu{t
/fVg' kg]{ 5 .
-O{_ cGo k'FhLut hu]8f
-u_
nfef+z ;dLs/0f sf]]if
nfef+zdf Ps?ktf sfod ug{] p2]Zon] gfkmf ePsf] cj:yfdf gfkmfaf6 o; vftfdf
hDdf ug{;lsGf] 5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf ;+rfns ;ldltsf] k|:tfj / ;fwf/0f ;efsf]
cg'df]bgdf o; vftf vr{ u/L nfef+z lbg ;lsg] 5 .
-3_
;l~rt gfkmfgf]S;fg
o; cGtu{t gfkmfgf]S;fg afF8kmfF8 lx;fjdf b]lvPsf] ;l~rt gfkmf jf ;l~rt
gf]S;fgnfO{ b]vfpg' kg]{ 5 . ;l~rt gf]S;fgnfO{ C0ffTds lrGx lbO{ jf sf]i7 -===_
leq b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-_
k'FhL ;dfof]hg sf]if
o; a}+saf6 tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k'FhL k'ofpg k'FhL ;dfof]hg sf]if v8f u/L /fv]sf]
/sd o; zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-r_
cGo hu]8f sf]if
s'g} vf; p2]Zo lnP/ jf glnO{sg cGo s'g} hu]8f sf]if -dfly pNn]lvt afx]s_ v8f
u/]df zLif{s vf]nL o; cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
C0fkq tyf j08
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] C0fkq tyf a08 hf/L u/L k'FhL p7fPsf] ePdf pQm /sdnfO{ o;
zLif{s cGtu{t cg';"rL $=# cGtu{t ;DalGwt pks/0fsf] gfd v'nfO{ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
jf;nftsf] o; zLif{sdf hgfOg] /sd cg';"rL $=# sf] s'n /sd;Fu a/fa/ x'g' kg]{5 .
ltg{ afFsL shf{ -;fk6L_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfkm"n] shf{ ;fk6 lnO{ ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] s'n /sdnfO{ o; zLif{sdf
hgfpg' kg]{5 . o; zLif{s ;DjGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL $=$ df pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ ljnx?
-s_ o; cGtu{t Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfg} zfvfx?af6 Ps csf]{ zfvf pk/ lvlrPsf],
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 cfkm" pk/ lvr]sf] 8f6, l6=l6=, d]n
6fG;km/ tyf cGo k]c8{/ dWo] e'QmfgL lbg afFsL /sd ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . cfk"m pk/
62
^=
&=
*=
(=
lvlrPsf] e'QmfgL cfb]zsf] ;"rgf jf ;]8\o'n jf cfb]z k|fKt x'g] ljlQs} ;DalGwt zfvf
lx;fj jf Ph]G;L lx;fj 8]lj6 u/L of] lx;fj q]ml86 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] l8:sfp06 u/]sf ljnx?nfO{ olb cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;Fu
k'gM l8:sfp06 u/]df ;f] ;+:yfn] ljn l8:sfp06 lx;fjnfO{ g} q]ml86 u/L l8:sfp06
lx;fj aGb ug{ jf k'gM l8:sfp06 ul/Psf ljn lx;fj egL leGb} vftf vf]nL o;df
q]ml86 ug{ ;Sg]5 . of] lx;fjdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ klg e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ ljn cGtu{t g}
Psd'i6 u/L b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
ljn l8:sfp06 lx;fjd} q]ml86 ug]{ eP Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lx;fj lstfjdf k'gM
l8:sfp06 u/]sf] ;DaGwL s]xL bfloTj gb]lvg] x'G5 . t/, k'gM l8:sfp06 ljn ;DaGwL
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] cb[Zo bfloTj /lx/xg] x'Fbf To:tf] /sdnfO{ jf;nftdf ;Defljt
bfloTj cGtu{t hgfpg' kg]{5 .
lgIf]k bfloTj
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgIf]kstf{x?af6 kl/rfng u/]sf] s"n lgIf]k o; zLif{s cGt/ut
b]vfpg' kg]{5 . o; zLif{s ;DjGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL $=% adf]lhd x'g' kg]{5 .
k|:tfljt tyf e'QmfgL lbg afF+sL nfef+z
k|:tfljt tyf ;fwf/0f;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] t/ e'StfgL u/L g;s]sf] nfef+; /sd o; cGtu{t
/fVg' kg]{5 .
cfos/ bfloTj
;+:yfn] o; zLif{s cGtu{t cfos/ P]g adf]lhd e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ cfos/ jfktsf] Joj:yf /sd
/fVg' kg]{5 . cu|Ld e'QmfgL ePsf] cfos/ /sd 36fP/ v"b ltg{ afFsL cfos/ eP dfq o;
zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg'' kg]{5 . olb cfos/ bfloTj eGbf clu|d s/ e'QmfgL /sd a9L /x]df v'b
/sd cGo ;DklQdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
cGo bfloTj
;+:yfsf] lx;fadf b]lvPsf dfly pNn]lvt k'FhL tyf bfloTjx? afx]ssf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf
bfloTjx? o; zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 . o;df lbOPsf] pkzLif{sx? ;Lldt /x]sf] dflgPsf] 5}g
/ ;+:yfn] cfjZostf cg';f/ cGoq k|bz{g ug{ g;lsg] zLif{sx? o;df /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-s_
e'QmfgL lbg aFfsL af]g;
sd{rf/LnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg afFsL] af]g; /sd o; cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-v_
lgIf]kdf e'QmfgL lbg afF+sL Aofh
lgIf]kdf e'QmfgL lbg afFsL] Aofh /sd o; cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-u_
shf{ tyf ;fk6Ldf e'QmfgL lbg aFfsL Aofh
;+:yfn] shf{ tyf ;fk6Ldf e'QmfgL lbg aFfsL Aofh /sd o; cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-3_
kfsL g;s]sf] sldzg
;+:yfn] s'g} ;]jf ul/lbP jfkt kfpg] sldzg b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L cfly{s jif{sf] nflu
k|bfg ug'{kg]{ ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 eg] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfsf] cfwf/df b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L
cflys jif{df cfDbfgL hgfpg' kg]{5 . cfDbfgL hgfpg aFfsL clu|d?kdf k|fKt sldzg
/sd o; zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-_
;08L qm]l86;{
;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfd sf/jfxLsf l;nl;nfdf e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ t/ cGo zLif{s cGtu{t
gkg]{ bfloTjx? o; zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-r_
n]vfk/LIf0f z'Ns
n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ u/] afkt n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg aF+fsL /sd o; zLif{s cGtu{t
/fVg' kg]{5 .
-5_
pkbfg sf]if
;+:yfn] cfgf] sd{rf/L lgodfjnL cg';f/ sd{rf/Lx?k|ltsf] pkbfg jfktsf] bfloTj
/sd o; zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-h_
sd{rf/L ;+rosf]if
;+:yfn] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;+ros]fif Affkt k|bfg ug{sf] nflu sd{rf/Lsf] dfl;s tnaaf6
sf ul/Psf], ;+:yfn] yk u/]sf] / To; sf]ifn] cfh{g u/]sf] Aofh tyf cfDbfgL
jfktsf] bfloTj /sd o; zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-em_ zfvf lx;fa
63
;+:yfsf] ljleGg zfvfsf] lx;fa ldnfgubf{ qm]l86 Jofn]G; cfPdf o; zLif{s cGtu{t
k|:t't ug{' kg]{5 .
;DklQtk{mM
!=
gub df}Hbft
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] cfgf] 9's'6Ldf :jb]zL Pj+ ljb]zL d'b|fdf /x]sf] s'n gub df}Hbft /sd
o; zLif{sdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o; zLif{ssf] lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL $=* df pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 .
@=
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf Aofh k|fKt gx'g] u/L hDdf u/]sf] s'n /sdnfO{ o;
zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
#=
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df Aofh k|fKt gx'g] u/L
hDdf u/]sf] s'n /sdnfO{ o; zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 . o; zLif{ssf] /sd cg';"rL $=!) sf]
s'n /sd;Fu a/fa/ x'g' kg]{5 .
$=
%=
:ki6Ls/0fM o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ljsf; a}+s tyf ljQ sDkgLx?n] Ps xKtfsf] clu|d
;"rgfdf lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] u/L :jb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt v, u /
3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] /fv]sf] ltg dlxgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlwsf d'2lt lgIf]knfO{ ;d]t
cg';"rL $=!) sf] a'Fbf g+= ! v cGtu{t b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
64
kg]{5 . ;fy} cg';"rL $=!@ sf] qm=;+= * / ( sf] s'n /sd cg';"rL $=!@ -s_ sf] s'n
nufgLsf] /sd;Fu a/fa/ x'g' kg]{5 .
-r_
cg';"rL $=!@ sf] qm=;+= ! b]lv ( ;Dd pNn]v eP jfx]ssf] nufgLnfO{ cGo nufgL
cGtu{tsf] zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
^=
shf{ ;fk6 tyf ljn vl/b
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|bfg u/]sf] s'n shf{ ;fk6, vl/b tyf l8isfp06 ul/Psf ljnx?
jfktsf] s'n jSof}tf (Outstanding) /sd Pj+ s'n shf{af6 shf{ gf]S;fgL jfkt Joj:yf u/]sf]
/sd 36fO{ o; zLif{s cGtu{t v'b shf{ ;fk6sf] dxndf b]vfpg' kg]{5 . pQm /sd cg';"rL
$=!# / $=!# -s_ cg';f/ b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL cg';f/ k|bfg ul/g] shf{ ;'ljwfnfO{
o; zLif{sdf gb]vfO{ jf;nftsf] ;DklQ / hfoh]yf tk{msf] cGo ;DklQ zLif{s cGtu{t b]vfpg'
kg]{5 .
&=
:yL/ ;DklQ
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] :yfoL k|s[ltsf ;DklQx?sf] n]vfg o; zLif{sdf
u/L ;DklQsf] s'n d"Nodf x|f; sf u/L afFsL /x]sf] /sdnfO{ jf;nftsf] o; zLif{sdf b]vfpg'
kg]{5 . o; zLif{sdf hgfOg] /sd cg';"rL $=!$ df pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
*=
u}/ a}+lsu ;DklQ
o; zLif{s cGtu{t u}/ j}+lsu ;DklQ / ;f] sf] nflu ul/Psf] Joj:yf /sdsf] v'b cj:Yff
b]vfpg' kb{5 . o; zLif{sdf hgfOg] /sd cg';"rL $=!% df pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
(=
cGo ;DklQ
dfly pNn]v ePsf afx]s cGo s'g} klg zLif{sdf /x]sf] ;DklQx? (Tangible or Intangible) o;
zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 . o;df /xg] /sdx?df d;nGb df}Hbft, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL cg';f/ k|bfg ul/g] ;fk6L tyf ;'ljwf, nufgLdf c;'n ug{
afFsL cfDbfgL, shf{df c;'n ug{ afFsL Aofh, ;08L 8]6;{, dfu{:y ;DklQx?, ckn]vg x'g afFsL
vr{ cflb kg]{5g\ . o; zLif{sdf b]vfOg] ;DklQx?df ul/Psf] ;Defljt gf]S;fgL Joj:yf 36fO{
cfpg] v'b /sd dfq cg';"rL $=!^ df pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
shf{df c;'n ug{ jfFsL Aofhdf d'NtjL lx;fjdf ;fl/Psf] /sd 36fO{ cfpg] /sd qm=;+= # df
b]vfpg' kb{5 .
;Defljt bfloTjx?
-s_
;+:yfsf] ;Defljt bfloTjx?nfO{ ljQLo ljj/0fsf] cg';"rL $=!& df tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf cg';f/
laefhg u/L s'n /sd o; zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-v_
k|lttkq vf]lnP jfkt dflh{g /sd hlt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] c;'n u/L;s]sf] x'Fbf
k|lttkqsf] k"/} /sddf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] bfloTj /x]sf] lgZro klg x'Fb}g . tyflk of]
bfloTj k|lttkq vf]Ng] kIfk|lt geO{ Ph]G;L ;+:yfk|lt /x]sf] x'Fbf k|lttkqsf] k"/} /sd bzf{pg'
k5{ . o; zLif{s cGtu{t k|lttkq sf/f]jf/ jfkt bfloTjsf] k"/} /sd b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-u_
k'gM l8isfp06 ul/Psf ljnx? o; zLif{s cGtu{t b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-3_
Dofb gf3L g;s]sf hdfgt jfktsf k"/} /sdx?nfO{ ;Defljt bfloTjdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-_
z]o/df nufgL u/]sf]df z]o/ jfkt e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ k"/} /sd e'QmfgL ePsf] /x]g5 eg]
e'QmfgL lbg afFsL /sd o; zLif{sdf b]vfpg' k5{ .
-r_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s'g} u|fxs;Fu Forward Exchange Contract u/]sf] 5 eg] Dofb gf3L
g;s]sf] sG6ofS6sf] k"/f /sd o; zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-5_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] d~h'/L tyf ;dy{g (Acceptence & Endorsement), k|Tofe"lt k|ltj4tf
(Underwriting Commitment), shf{ k|ltj4tf (Loan Commitment) u/]sf] 5 eg] To:tf
/sdx?nfO{ ;Defljt bfloTj cGtu{t b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-h_
dfly pNn]lvt bfloTj afx]s Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] cGo ;Defljt bfloTj 5g\ eg] ;f]
;d]tnfO{ cg';"rL $=!& cGtu{t b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
65
-%_
66
-^_
hf]lvdo'Qm ;DklQx? (Risk assets) sf] nflu ul/Psf] Joj:yf /sd a9L ePdf a9L ePsf] /sd
lkmtf{ cfDbfgL (Write back) ug'{ kg]{ cj:Yff cfPdf o; zLif{s cGtu{t b]vfO{ cg';"rL $=@&
cg';f/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@=
c;fdfGo sf/f]jf/x?af6 ePsf] cfDbfgLvr{
c;fdfGo sf/f]jf/x?af6 ePsf] cfDbfgLvr{ cGtu{t dfly plNnlvt cGo zLif{sx? jfx]s v'b
Aofh cfDbfgLsf] % k|ltzteGbf a9L /x]sf ;a} vr{ tyf cfDbfgLsf] nflu cg;"rL $=@*
cg';f/ cnUu} zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
!#=
sd{rf/L af]g; Joj:yf
sd{rf/L jf]g;sf] Joj:yf ubf{ gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fjsf] ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]jf/ kl5sf] v'b d'gfkmf jf]g; Joj:yf ;d]t_ nfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{ 5 . ljBdfg sfg'g jdf]lhd v'b gfkmfaf6 tf]lsPsf]
k|ltztn] jf]g;sf]nflu 5'6fpg' kg]{ /sdnfO{ o; zLif{s dfkm{t gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fjdf vr{
hgfpg' kg]{5 .
!$= cfo s/ Joj:yf
v'b s/ of]Uo gfkmfdf nfUg] cfo s/ jfktsf] /sd o; zLif{sdf vr{ n]Vg' kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfo s/ P]g tyf k|rlnt cfly{s sfg'gn]] 5'6 lbPsf / dfGotf
glbOPsf vr{x?sf] lx;fj u/L s/ of]Uo gfkmf sfod ug'{kg]{ 5 / ;f]xL cg'dflgt s/ of]Uo
gfkmfsf] cfwf/df cfo s/ ;DjGwL efjL bfloTj lgwf{/0f u/L o; zLif{s dfk{mt gfkmfgf]S;fg
lx;fjdf vr{ hgfpg' kg]{5 .
!%= v'b gfkmfgf]S;fg
o; zLif{sdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ ;f]xL jif{sf]cjlwsf] gfkmfgf]S;fg jfF8kmfF8 lx;fj sf] o;
jif{sf] d'gfkmf jf o; jif{sf] gf]S;fg zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
gfkmfgf]S;fg jfF8kmfF8 lx;fj ;DaGwL zLif{sx?sf] ;+lIfKt JofVof
vr{ tk{msf] ljj/0f -Debit tkm{_
!=
ut jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fg
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lx;fjdf ut cfly{s jif{;Ddsf] ;l~rt 3f6f /x]sf] cj:yfdf o;
zLif{sdf hgfpg' kg]{5 .
@=
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if
r'Qmfk'FhLsf] bf]Jj/ geP;Dd k|To]s jif{sf] v'b gfkmfaf6 sDtLdf jL; k|ltzt /sd ;fwf/0f
hu]8f sf]ifdf jfF8kmfF8 ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=
e}kl/ cfpg] hu]8f
cfgf] v'b gfkmfaf6 s]xL c+z 5'6\ofO{ e}k/L cfpg] hu]8f zLif{sdf /fVg] lg0f{o u/]df To:tf]
/sd o; sf]ifdf afF8kmfF8 ug'{ kg]{5 .
$=
;+:yf ljsf; sf]if
cfgf] gfkmfnfO{ ;+:yf ljsf; sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ u/L jfF8kmFf8 ug]{ lg0f{o u/]df ;f] jdf]lhdsf]
/sd o; zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
%=
nfef+z ;lds/0f sf]if
;+:yfsf] gfkmfjf6 s]xL /sd cfufdL jif{x?df nfef+z ;lds/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] jfF8kmfF8 u/L 5'}
/fVg rfx]df To:tf] /sdnfO{ o; zLif{s dfkm{t jfF8kmfF8 lx;fjdf vr{ hgfpg' kg]{5 .
^=
sd{rf/L ;DjGwL hu]8fx?
;+:yfsf] sd{rf/Lx?;+u ;DjlGwt s'g} k|sf/sf sNof0fsf/L sf]if jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf
sf]ifx?df gfkmfsf] s]xL c+z jfF8kmfF8 ug]{ ePdf o; zLif{s dfk{mt jfF8kmfF8 lx;fjdf vr{
hgfpg' kg]{5 .
&=
k|:tfljt nfef+z
cfgf] gfkmfsf] s]xL c+z nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ k|:tfj u/]sf] ePdf ;f] /sdnfO{ o; zLif{ssf]
afF8kmfF8 lx;fjdf vr{ hgfpg' kg]{5 .
*=
k|:tfljt jf]g; z]o/
67
-&_
-*_
-(_
-!)_
-!!_
-!@_
cfgf] ;l~rt d'gfkmfnfO{ k'FhLs/0f u/L ljBdfg z]o/jfnfx?nfO{ af]g; z]o/ k|bfg ug]{ jf
z]o/s} r'Qmf d"No a9fpg] lg0f{o u/]df ;f] jfktsf] /sddWo] ;l~rt d'gfkmfaf6 hlt k|of]u
x'g] xf] ;f] /sdnfO{ gfkmfgf]S;fg afF8kmfF8 lx;fadf vr{ n]vL o; zLif{sdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
(=
ljz]if hu]8f sf]if
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ljz]if hu]8f sf]ifx? v8f ug{ ;l~rt d'gfkmf
k|of]u ug'{kbf{ o; zLif{s dfk{mt afF8kmfF8 lx;fjdf vr{ hgfpg' kg]{5 .
!)= ;6xL 36a9 sf]if
ljb]zL d'b|fsf] k"gd"{Nofgaf6 jif{e/Ldf ePsf] cfDbfgLdWo] ;6xL 36j9 ;DjlGw gLlt jdf]lhd
pQm sf]ifdf ljlgof]hg ug'{ kg]{ /sd o; zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
OlSj6Ldf ePsf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ljj/0f
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf cfjZos ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ g]kfn n]vf dfkb08 (NAS) sf]
cfwf/df ljQLo ljj/0fsf] cleGg csf] ?kdf OlSj6Ldf ePsf] kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ljj/0f tof/ ug'{
kg]{5 .
gub k|jfx laj/0f
sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !)( adf]lhd x/]s sDkgLn] cfgf] jflif{s lx;fa laj/0fx? tof/ ubf{
gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fj tyf jf;nftsf] cnfjf gub k|jfx laj/0f klg tof/ ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
o;y{ sDkgLsf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf ;a} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] cfgf] jflif{s lx;fj ;+u} gub k|jfx
laj/0f ;d]t tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf] aGws ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] lnPsf] z]o/ cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf] aGws
/fvL shf{ lnPsf] eP ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v -Disclose_ ug'{ kg]{ u/L
cg';"rL $=#$ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
:yug s/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljQLo ljj/0f k|sfzg ubf{ g]kfn n]vfdfg ( -Nepal Accounting Standard - 9_
cg';f/ :yug s/ -Deferred Tax_ sf] n]vf+sg u/L ;f] ljifo ;d]t v'nfpg' -Disclose_ kg]{ 5 . pQm
zLif{snfO{ ljQLo ljj/0fdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] u/L k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{]5 .
!=
gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fjdf cfos/ Joj:yf zLif{s cGtu{t xfn sfod /x]sf] lgoldt k|s[ltsf] s/ vr{
-Current Tax_ sf] cnfjf o; jif{sf] :yug s/ -Deferred Tax_ zLif{sdf cfDbfgLvr{ n]vf+sg ug{'
kg]{ Joj:yf ldnfO{Psf] 5 .
@=
:yug s/ cfDbfgLvr{ ;f]em} OlSj6Ldf n]vf+sg ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] OlSj6Ldf ePsf] kl/jt{g
;DaGwL ljj/0f df z'? df}Hbft zLif{skl5 ;dfof]hg k|of]hgsf nflu :yug s/ pkzLif{s
yk u/L ;dfof]lht z'? df}Hbft b]vfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ldnfO{Psf] 5 .
#=
jf;nftdf :yug s/ ;DklQ Pj+ bfloTjsf] 5'} zLif{s sfod ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] o;nfO{
jf;nftsf] cGo bfloTj;DklQ ;DaGwL cg';"rLdf cGo eGbf dfly :yug s/
bfloTj;DklQ pkzLif{s sfod ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf ldnfO{Psf] 5 .
$
jflif{s k|ltj]bgsf] n]vf ;DaGwL l6Kk0fLdf :yug s/ u0fgfsf] nflu ckgfO{Psf] s/sf] b/ / ;f]
ckgfpg'sf] cfwf/, s/of]Uo Pj+ s/ u0fgf ubf{ 36fpg ldNg] c:yfoL km/sx?, u0fgf ul/Psf]
:yug s/ / ;f] jfkt ;[hgf x'g uPsf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f v'nfpg' kg]{ 5 .
%=
:yug s/ ;DaGwL pk/f]St n]vf+sg lqmofsnfksf sf/0f ;DklQ ;[hgf ePdf ;f] /sd gfkmf
gf]S;fg afF8kmfF8 lx;fjdf vr{ n]vL :yug s/ hu]8f sf]if v8f ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] sf]ifsf] /sd
:yug s/ afx]s cGo k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
5'6 k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt / cj:yf x]/L tof/ ug'{
kg]{ ljj/0f tyf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ ljQLo ljj/0fsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZostf cg';f/ 5'6 k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]
5.
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
68
-@_
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] n]vf gLlt tyf ljQLo laj/0fx?sf] 9fFrf ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f
lgb]{zg g+=$)^* af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;} lgb]{zg
adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
69
=================lnld6]8
@)^=======;fn cfiff9 d;fGtsf]
jf;nft
k'FhL tyf bfloTj
cg;'rL
!= z]o/ kF'hL
@= hu]8f tyf sf]ifx?
#= C0fkq tyf aG8
$= ltg{ afFsL shf{ ;fk6
%= lgIf]k bfloTj
^= e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ ljnx?
&= k|:tfljt gub nfefFz
*=cfos/ bfloTj
( cGo bfloTj
o; jif{
?
ut jif{
?
o; jif{
?
ut jif{
?
$=!
$=@
$=#
$=$
$=%
$=^
$=&
s'n k'FhL tyf bfloTj
;DklQ
!= gub df}Hbft
@= g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
#= a}+sljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
$= dfu tyf cNk ;"rgfdf k|fKt x'g] /sd
%= nufgL
^= shf{ ;fk6 tyf ljn vl/b
&= :yL/ ;DklQ
*= u}/ a}ls ;DklQ
(= cGo ;DklQ
cg;'rL
s'n ;DklQ
;+efljt bfloTj
;~rfnsxsf] #f]if)ff
k'+hLsf]if tflnsf
hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQ ljj/)f tflnsf
k|d"v ;"rsfx
k|d"v n]vf gLltx
n]vf ;DaGwL l^Kk)fLx?
$=*
$=(
$=!)
$=!!
$=!@
$=!#
$=!$
$=!%
$=!^
cg';"rL 4=17
cg';"rL 4=29
cg';"rL 4=30
cg";'rL 4=30-s_
cg';"rL 4=31
cg';"rL 4=32
cg';"rL 4=33
70
=====================lnld6]8
ldlt ==============b]lv================;Dd
gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fj
ljj/0f
cg';"rL
!= Aofh cfDbfgL
@= Aofh vr{
v'b Aofh cfDbfgL
#= sldzg tyf l8:sfp06
$=cGo ;~rfng cfDbfgL
% ;6xL 36j9 cfDbfgL
s"n ;~rfng cfDbfgL
^=sd{rf/L vr{
&= cGo ;~rfng vr{
*= ;6xL 36j9 gf]S;fg
;Defljt gf]S;fgL Joj:yf cl3sf] ;~rfng d'gfkmf
(=;Defljt gf]S;fgL Joj:yfx?
;~rfng d'gfkmf
!)=u}/ ;~rfng cfDbfgLvr{
!! ;Defljt gf]S;fgL Aoa:yf af6 lkmtf{
lgoldt sf/f]jf/jf6 ePsf] d'gfkmf
!@= c;fdfGo sf/f]jf/x?af6 ePsf] cfDbfgLvr{
;Dk"0f{ sf/f]jf/ ;dfj]z kl5sf] v'b d'gfkmf
!#= sd{rf/L af]g; Aoa:yf
!$ cfos/ Joj:yf
o; jif{sf] s/ Joj:yf
ljut jif{;Ddsf] s/ Joj:yf
o; jif{sf] :yug s/ cfDbfgLvr{
v'b gfkmfgf]S;fg
o; jif{
?
$=!*
$=!(
$=@)
$=@!
$=@@
$=@#
$=@$
$=@@
$=@%
$=@^
$=@&
$=@*
4=18 b]lv 4=28 ;Ddsf cg';"rLx gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fjsf cleGg c+u x'g\ .
71
ut jif{
?
=================== lnld^]*
gfkmf gf]S;fg af+*kmf+* lx;fa
ldlt ============ b]lv =================;Dd
ljj/0f
cg';"rL
o; jif{
ut jif{ =
cfDbfgL
1=
ut jif{;Ddsf] ;+lrt d"gfkmf
2=
o; jif{sf] d"gfkmf
3=
;^xL #^a( sf]if
hDdf
vr{
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=
13=
14=
15=
;l~rt d'gfkmf-gf]S;fg_
=================== lnld^]*
ljj/0f
Z]fo/
k'FhL
;l~rt
Gff=gf]=
;fwf/0f
hu]8f
sf]if
k"Flhut
hu]8f
sf]if
Z'f? df}Hbft
:yug s/
;dfof]lht z'?
df}Hbft
;dfof]hg
========================
=========================
========================
=======================
clGtd df}Hbft
72
z]o/
lk|ldod
;6xL
36a9
sf]if
:yug s/
hu]8f
cGo hu]8f
tyf sf]if
s'n
/sd
==========================lnld6]8
gub k|jfx ljj/0f
ldlt ============ b]lv ========== ;Dd
ljj/)f
-s_
1=
1=1
1=2
1=3
1=4
1=5
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
2=4
2=5
o; jif{ =
-_
-r_
-%_
1=
2=
3=
4=
1=
2=
3=
4=
-v_
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
-u_
1=
2=
3=
4=
-#_
73
ut jif{ =
=================== lnld^]*
z]o/ k'h
+ L tyf :jfldTj
cg';r
" L 4=1
s_
v_
u_
1=2
r'Qmf k'+hL
s_
v_
u_
1=4
1=5
1=6
ut jif{ =
hf/L k'+hL
s_
v_
u_
1=3
o; jif{ =
z]o/ k'+hL
clws[t k'+hL
o; jif{ =
k|ltzt
z]o/ k'+hL
1=
:jb]zL :jfldTj
1=1
1=2
1=3
1=4
1=5
1=6
2=
g]kfn ;/sf/
s ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx
cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx
cGo ;+:yfx
;j{;fwf/)f
cGo
a}bl] zs :jfldTj
ut jif{ =
z]o/ k'+hL
k|ltzt
hDdf
gf]^Mdfly cg';"rLdf plNnlvt ljj/)f cGtu{t 0=5 k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a(L :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm;d"xkmd{sDkgL eP,
lghxsf] gfd, k|ltzt / /sd :ki^ v'nfpg' kg]{% . k|ltzt pNn]v ubf{ z]o/ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df u)fgf ug'{ kg]{% .
=================== lnld^]*
hu]*f tyf sf]ifx
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
ljj/)f
;fwf/)fa}wflgs hu]*f sf]if
k'+hLut hu]*f sf]if
k'+hL lkmtf{ hu]*f sf]if -Capital Redemption Reserve)
k'+hL ;dfof]hg sf]if
cGo hu]*f tyf sf]if
5=1=
5=2=
5=3=
74
cg';"rL 4=2
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=3
=================== lnld^]*
C)fkq tyf j)*
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
ljj/)f
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
=========================_
=======
=======================_+
=========
4= hDdf 1+2+3
gf]^M
;'/If)f /fvL C)fkq tyf j)* hf/L ul/Psf] ePdf ;'/If)fsf] laj/)f v'nfpg' kg]%
{ .
cg';"rL 4=4
=================== lnld^]*
ltg{ af+sL shf{ -;fk^L_
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
s=
ljj/)f
:jb]zL
1= g]kfn ;/sf/
2= g]kfn /fi^ a}+s
3= l/kf] bfloTj
4= cGt/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
5= cGo ;+ul&t ;+:yfx
6= cGo
o; jif{ =
hDdf
v=
ljb]zL
1= a}s
+ x
2=
cGo
hDdf
u= hDdf -sv_
75
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=5
=================== lnld^]*
lgIf]k lx;fa
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
ljj/)f
1=
s=
1=
1=1
1=2
1=3
1=4
1=5
1=6
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
2=4
2=5
2=6
v=
1=
2=
3=
u=
1=
1=1
1=2
1=3
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
ljb]zL d"bf| df
ljQLo ;+:yfx
cGo ;+ul&t ;+:yfx
JolQmut
2=
s=
1=
1=1
1=2
1=3
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
v=
1=
1=1
1=2
1=3
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
u=
:jb]zL d'b|fdf
;+# ;+:yfx
JolQmut
cGo
ljb]zL d'bf| df
;+# ;+:yfx
JolQmut
cGo
dfu]sf] avt ltg'{ kg]{ lx;fa
o; jif{ =
;+:yfx?
;+:yfx
;+:yfx?
;+:yfx
76
ut jif{ =
1=
:jb]zL d'b|fdf
1=1
1=2
1=3
1=4
1=5
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
2=4
2=5
#=
1=
2=
3=
cg';"rL 4=6
=================== lnld^]*
1=
2=
ljj/)f
:jb]zL d'bf|
ljb]zL d'b|f
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
hDdf
cg';"rL 4=7
=================== lnld^]*
cGo bfloTj
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
ljj/)f
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=
o; jif{ =
k]G;gpkbfg sf]if
sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]if
sd{rf/L sNof)f sf]if
sd{rf/L jf]g; Joj:yf
lgIf]kdf e'QmfgL lbg af+sL Aofh
;fk^Ldf e'QmfgL lbg af+sL Aofh
kfsL g;s]sf] l*:sfp)^ / sldzg
;)*L q]ml*^;{
zfvf ldnfg lx;fj
:yug s/ bfloTj
e'QmfgL lbg af+sL nfef+z
cGo
hDdf
77
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=8
=================== lnld^]*
gub df}Hbft
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
ljj/)f
1=
2=
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=9
=================== lnld^]*
g]kfn /fi^ a}+sdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
:jb]zL
d'bf|
ljj/)f
1=
kl/jTo{ lj=d'=
s'n =
ut jif{
=
hDdf
s=
rNtL vftf
v=
cGo vftf
cg';"rL 4=10
=================== lnld^]*
a}s
+ ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
ljj/)f
:jb]zL
d'bf|
ef==
1=
s=
v=
2=
s=
v=
s'n =
kl/jTo{ lj=d'=
ut jif{
=
hDdf
:jb]zL
Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfx?
rNtL vftf
cGo vftf
ljb]zL a}+sx
rNtL vftf
cGo vftf
hDdf
gf]^M
cg';"rL 4=11
=================== lnld^]*
dfu tyf cNk;"rgfdf k|fKt x'g] /sdx
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
ljj/)f
1=
:jb]zL d'bf| df
2=
ljb]zL d'bf| df
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
hDdf
cg';r
" L 4=12
78
=================== lnld^]*
nufgL
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
k|of]hg
Jofkfl/s
cGo
ljj/)f
!
@
#
$
%
^
&
*
(
!)
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';r
" L 4=12-s_
z]o/, l*j]Gr/ tyf j)*df nufgL
k/n
df]n
=
ljj/)f
1=
1=1
1=2
1=3
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
3=
3=1
3=2
ahf/
d'No
cg";f/
?=
Joj:yf
/sd
?=
o;
jif{
?=
z]o/ nufgL
====== sDkgL -k|f=ln=ln=_
====== ;fwf/)f z]o/, k|lt z]o/ ====== n] r"Qmf
====== sDkgL -k|f=ln=ln=_
====== ;fwf/)f z]o/ -dWo]===jf]g; ;d]t_ k|lt z]o/====n] r"Qmf
====== sDkgL -k|f=ln=ln=_
====== k|ltzt ==== lk|km/]G; z]o/ k|lt z]o/ = ===== n] r"Qmf
l*j]Gr/ tyf j)* nufgL
====== sDkgL -k|f=ln=ln=_
====== k|ltzt l*j]Gr/j)* k|lt l*j]Gr/a)* ===== = n] ===
=================
==================
s'n nufgL
hf]lvd ;DaGwL Joj:yf
ut jif{ ;Ddsf] Joj:yf
o; jif{sf] yk#^
s'n Joj:yf
v'b nufgL
gf]^M 3 jif{ eGbfa(L ;dob]lv nfef+z #f]if)ff tyf ljt/)f gu/]sf sDkgLx ePdf To:tf sDkgLxsf] gfd v'nfpg'
kg]{% .
79
ut
jif{
?=
ljj/0f
=================== lnld6]8
Jofkfl/s nufgL -Held for Trading_
- === ===== d;fGt_
k/n kl5Nnf]
xfnsf] o; jif{
d"No ahf/ d"No ahf/
gfkmf
-s_
d"No -v_ -gf]S;fg_
/sd
-vs_
cg';"rL $=!@=!
ut jif{
gfkmf
-gf]S;fg_
/sd
s}lkmot
ljj/0f
=================== lnld6]8
e'QmfgL ldlt;Dd wf/0f ug]{ nufgL -Held to Maturity_
- === === === d;fGt_
k/n xfn;Ddsf] o;jif{sf] o; jif{
ut jif{
gfkmf
gfkmf
d"No Iflt /sd Iflt
-gf]S;fg_
-gf]S;fg_
-s_ -v_
/sd
/sd
/sd
-u_
-svu_
80
cg';"rL $=!@=@
s}lkmot
cg';"rL $=!@=#
=================== lnld6]8
laqmLsf] nflu pknAw nufgL -Available for Sale_
- === === === d;fGt_
ljj/0f
k/n
d"No
kl5Nnf]
ahf/
d"No -s_
ut jif{
o; jif{
xfnsf]
s}lkmot
ahf/ d"No sf]if ;dfof]hg gfkmf
gf]S;fg_/sd
-v_
/sd -vs_
2=
cGo
ljb]zL
hDdf
ljb]zL
o; jif{
=
utjif{
=
hDdf
c;n
@=! k'g/;+/rgf k'gtf{lnsLs/0f
2=2 sd;n
2=3 z+sf:kb
2=4 v/fa
c;n
k'g/;+/rgfk'gtf{lnsLs/0f
sd;n
z+sf:kb
v/fj
-u_
-#_
-*=_
o;
c;n
k'g/;+/rgf k'gtf{lnsLs/0f
sd;n
z+sf:kb
v/fj
cg';"rL 4=13-s_
81
=================== lnld^]*
shf{, ;fk^ / ljN; vl/bsf] ;'/If)f
- === === cfiff( d;fGt_
ljj/)f
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
-s_ ;'/lIft
1= rncrn ;DklQsf] ;'/If)fdf
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
-v_ c;'/lIft
hDdf
cg;"rL 4=14
=================== lnld^]*
:yL/ ;DklQ
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
;DklQ
ljj/)f
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
ejg
kl/jxg ;fwg
k/ndf]n
-s_ ut jif{sf] df}Hbft
-v_ o; jif{ yk
-u_ o; jif{ k"gd'{Nofgk'gn]{vg
-#_ o; jif{sf] ljqmL
-_ o; jif{sf] ckn]vg
s'n -svu#_ k/ndf]n
x|f; sL
-s_ ut jif{;Ddsf]
-v_ o; jif{sf]
-u_ x|f;sL k'gd"{Nofgk'gn]{vg
-u_
x|f;sL /sd ;dfof]hglkmtf{
s'n x|f;sL
a"s Eofn" (WDV*) -12_
hUuf
hDdf -3456_
*Written Down Value
82
d]lzg/L
sfof{no
;fdfg
cGo
o; jif{
=
ut jif{
=
cg;"rL 4=15
=================== lnld^]*
C[0fL jf kf6L{sf]
gfd 7]ufgf
gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
k|ltzt
ut jif{ =
/sd ?=
s"n hDdf
cg;"rL 4=16
=======================lnld^]*
cGo ;DklQ
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=
13=
14=
laa/)F
d;nGb df}Hbft
nufgLdf c;"n ug{ af+sL cfDbfgL
shf{df c;"n ug{ af+sL Aofh
Go"gM Aofh d"NtjL /sd
c;"n ug{ af+sL sldzg
;G*L *]^;{
sd{rf/L ;fk^L / k]ZsL
clu|d e"QmfgL
dfu{:y gub
dfu{:y cGo -r]s ;d]t_
ljgf ;"rgf *fk\m^sf] e"QmfgL
ckn]vg x"g af+sL vr{
zfvf ldnfg lx;fj
:yug s/ ;DklQ
cGo
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
hDdf
cg';r
" L 4=16-s_
ljj/)f
1=
2=
3=
4=
=======================lnld^]*
cGo ;DklQ -yk ljj/)f_
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
o; jif{ =
1
1 jif{b]lv dfly
3 jif{eGbf
jif{;Dd
3 jif{;Dd
dfly
83
hDdf
ut jif{
=
cg';"rL 4=17
=======================lnld^]*
;Defljt bfloTjx
- === === cfiff( d;fGt _
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=
13=
14=
15=
ljj/)f
;+:yf pk/ bfjL k/]sf] t/ ;+:yfn] bfloTj :jLsf/ gu/]sf]
k|lttkqx -dflh{g g#^fO{ k'/f /sd_
-s_
6 dlxgf eGbf sd cjlwsf]
-v_
6 dlxgf eGbf a(L cjlwsf]
k"gM l*:sfpG^ ul/Psf ljnx
Dofb gfl# g;s]sf] Uof/]G^La)*
-s_
la* a)*
-v_
k/km/d]G; a)*
-u_
cGo Uof/])^La)*
r'Qmf jf e'Qmfg x'g af+sL z]o/ nufgL
km/jf*{ PS:r]~h sG^fS^sf] af+sL bfloTjx
sn]S;gdf /x]sf lanx
d~h"/L tyf ;dy{g (Acceptence & Endorsement)
k|Tofe'lt k|ltj$tf (Underwriting Commitment)
ckl/jTo{ shf{ k|ltj$tf (Irrevocable Loan Commitment)
cGt/f{li^o >])fLs[t a}s
+ sf] sfp)^/ Uof/])^Ldf lbPsf] Uof/])^L
clu|d e"QmfgL Uof/])^L (Advance Payment Guarantee)
shf{ k|jfxsf] nflu ljQLo hdfgt (Financial Guarantee)
cfos/ jfkt ;Defljt bfloTj (Contingent Liabilities on Income Tax)
=======================
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=18
=======================lnld^]*
Aofh cfDbfgL
ldlt ==============b]lv =================;Dd
s=
v=
5=
u=
#=
ljj/)f
shf{ ;fk^ / clwljsif{df
1=
shf{ ;fk^
2=
clwljsif{
nufgLdf
1=
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;'/If)fkq
-s_ ^]h/L laN;
-v_ ljsf; C)fkq
-u_ /fli^o art kq
2=
ljb]zL C)fkq
-s_
-v_
3=
g]kfn /fi^ a}+ssf] C)fkq
4=
l*j]Gr/ tyf a)*
cGt/ a}+s nufgLdf Aofh
-s_
a}s
+ ljQLo ;+:yfx
-v_
cGo ;+:yfx
Ph]G;L df}Hbftdf
1=
:jb]zL a}+sljQLo ;+:yfx
2=
ljb]zL a}+sx
dfu tyf cNk ;"rgfdf k|fKt x'g] df}Hbftdf
1=
:jb]zL a}+sljQLo ;+:yfx
2=
ljb]zL a}+sx
cGodf
1=
;l^{lkms]^ ckm l*kf]lh^
2=
cGt/ a}+sljQLo ;+:yf shf{
3=
cGo
o; jif{ =
hDdf
84
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=19
=======================lnld^]*
Aofh vr{
ldlt==============b]lv=========== ;Dd
ljj/)f
s=
v=
u=
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
lgIf]k bfloTjdf
1=
d'@lt lgIf]k
1=1 :jb]zL d"bf|
1=2 ljb]zL d'bf|
2=
art lgIf]k
2=1 :jb]zL d"bf|
2=2 ljb]zL d'b|f
3=
dfu]sf] avt ltg'{kg]{ lgIf]k
3=1 :jb]zL d'bf|
3=2 ljb]zL d'b|f
4=
;l^{lkms]^ ckm l*kf]lh^\;\
shf{ ;fk^df
1=
C)fkq tyf a)*
2=
g]kfn /fi^ a}+saf^ k|fKt shf{
3=
cGt/ a}+sljQLo ;+:yf shf{
4=
cGo ;+ul&t ;+:yf
5=
cGo shf{
cGodf
1=
=============
2=
==============
hDdf
cg';"rL 4=20
s=
v=
u=
==================lnld^]*
sldzg tyf l*:sfpG^
ldlt =============b]lv ============= ;Dd
ljj/)f
laN; vl/b tyf l*:sfpG^
1=
:jb]zL
2=
ljb]zL
sldzg
1=
k|lttkq
2=
hdfgtkq
3=
sn]S;g kmL
4=
/]ld^]G; kmL
5=
q]ml*^ sf*{
6=
z]o/ k|Tofe'ltlgisfzg
7=
;/sf/L sf/f]af/ jfkt
8=
O=k|f= sldzg jfkt
9=
af cfDbfgL
cGo
hDdf
85
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=21
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
========================lnld^]*
cGo ;~rfng cfDbfgL
ldlt =============b]lv ============= ;Dd
ljj/)f
;]km l*kf]lh^ eN^sf] ef*f
q]ml*^sf*{ lgisfzg tyf gjLs/)f
ATM sf*{ lgisfzg tyf gjLs/)f
^]n]S;l^=l^=
;]jf z"Ns
gjLs/)f z'Ns
cGo
hDdf
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';r
" L 4=22
-s_
-v_
==========================lnld^]*
;^xL #^a( cfDbfgLgf]S;fg
ldlt =============b]lv ============= ;Dd
ljj/)f
o; jif{ =
ljlgdo b/df ePsf] km/saf^
ljb]zL d'bf| sf/f]af/af^ -af afx]s_
hDdf cfDbfgL-gf]S;fg_
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=23
=======================lnld^]*
sd{rf/L vr{
ldlt =============b]lv ============= ;Dd
ljj/)f
o; jif{ =
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
tnj
eQf
;~rosf]ifdf yk
tflnd vr{
kf]zfs
cf}ifwf]krf/
aLdf
k]G;g tyf pkbfg Joj:yf
cGo
hDdf
86
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=24
=======================lnld^]*
cGo ;~rfng vr{
ldlt =============b]lv ============= ;Dd
ljj/)f
o; jif{ =
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=
13=
14=
15=
16=
17=
18=
19=
20=
21=
22=
23=
24=
25=
26=
ut jif{ =
#/ef*f
aQL ljh'nL / kfgL
dd{t tyf ;Def/
-s_
ejg
=============
-v_
;jf/L ;fwg
=============
-u_
cGo
==============
aLdf
kf]i^]h, ^]nS
] ;, ^]lnkmf]g, k\mofS;
sfof{no pks/)f kmlg{r/ / ;Def/
e|d)f eQf / vr{
d;nGb / %kfO{
kqklqsf tyf k':ts
lj!fkg
sfg'gL vr{
rGbf
;~rfns ;ldlt ;DaGwL vr{
-s_
a}&s eQf
=============
-v_
cGo vr{
==============
;fwf/)f ;ef ;DaGwL vr{
n]vf k/LIf)f ;DaGwL
-s_
n]vf k/LIf)f z'Ns ===============
-v_
cGo vr{ ===============
/sd :yfgfGt/)f sldzg
:yL/ ;DklQdf x|f; sL
k"j{ ;~rfng vr{ ckn]vg
z]o/ lgisfzg vr{
k|fljlws ;]jf zf]wegf{
dgf]/~hg vr{
ckn]vg vr{
;'/Iff vr{
shf{ ;'/If)f lk|ldod
sldzg / l*:sfp)^
cGo =====================
hDdf
gf]^M
vr{x hgfp+bf h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ ePsf] xf] ;f]xL zLif{sdf vr{ hgfpg' k%{ . cGo
;fdfGo zLif{sdf ufEg kfOg] %}g . h:tf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}&ssf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] oftfoft vr{,
;+rfns ;ldlt ;DaGwL vr{ cGtu{t cGo vr{ df hgfpg' kg]{% .
87
cg';"rL 4=25
1=
2=
3=
4=
======================lnld^]*
;Defljt gf]S;fgL Aoa:yf
ldlt =============b]lv ============= ;Dd
ljj/)f
shf{ gf]S;fgL Aoj:yfdf ePsf] a[l$
nufgL gf]S;fgL Aoj:yfdf ePsf] a[l$
u}/ a}+lsu ;DklQ gf]S;fgL Aoj:yf
cGo ;DklQdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf
hDdf
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=26
======================lnld^]*
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
o; jif{ =
ut jif{ =
cg';"rL 4=27
======================lnld^]*
;Defljt gf]S;fgL Aoj:yfaf^ lkmtf{
-cfly{s jif{ =============_
ljj/)f
o; jif{ =
1=
2=
3=
4=
ut jif{ =
hDdf
cg';r
" L 4=28
======================lnld^]*
o; jif{ =
88
ut jif{ =
cg';r
" L 4=28-s_
======================lnld^]*
qm=;+=
1=
2
3=
4=
5=
shf{ k|sf/
rfn" k+'hL shf{
kl/of]hgf shf{
:yL/ k'+hL shf{
JolQmut shf{
cGo shf{
s"n shf{
ckn]vg
ul/Psf]
/sd
lwtf]sf]
k|sf/
tyf /sd
lwtf]
d"Nof+sgsf]
cfwf/
shf{ :jLs[t
ug{]
clwsf/Ltx
shf{ c;'nLsf
nflu eP
u/]sf k|of;
s}lkmot
gf]^M cfly{s jif{e/Ldf ckn]vg ul/Psf] shf{sf] ljj/)f dfly pNn]v ug'{ kg]{% .
cg';"rL
4=29
========================lnld^]*
;+rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, ;+:yfks, sd{rf/L] z]o/xf]N8/x?nfO{ uPsf] shf{ ;fk6 ljj/0f
- ====================== cfiff( d;fGt_
vl/b tyf l*:sfpG^ ul/Psf lanx / shf{, ;fk^ tyf clwljsif{df k|jflxt s'n /sddWo] ;~rfns,
sfo{sf/L k|d'v, ;+:yfks, sd{rf/L, z]o/ xf]N*/x? / lghxsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf To:tf JolQm hdfgL
a;]sf] jf Dofg]lh Ph]G^ ePsf] s'g} ;+:yf jf sDkgLnfO{ uPsf] /sdsf] ljj/)f b]xfo adf]lhd % .
o;jif{
;+:yfks;~rfnssfo{sf/L
ut jif{;Ddsf]
o; jif{ c;'nL
cfiff( d;fGt;Dd
yk shf{
af+sL
af+sL
k|d'vsf] gfd
Aofh
Aofh
Aofh
;fjf+
;fjf+
;fjf+
-s_
-v_
-u_
-#_
-_
;~rfns
1=
2=
sfo{sf/L k|d'v
1=
2=
;+:yfks
1=
2=
sd{rf/L
1=
2=
z]o/wgLx?
1=
2=
hDdf
89
cg';"rL
4=30
=======================lnld6]8
k'FhLsf]if tflnsf -s ju{ afx]s_
-======================= cfiff( d;fGt_
ljj/0f
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
o; jif{
k|fylds k'FhL
!_ r'Qmf k'FhL -;fwf/0f z]o/_
@_ k|:tfljt jf]g; z]o/
#_ z]o/ lk|ldod
$_ lkmtf{ gx'g] cu|flwsf/ z]o/
%_ ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if
^_ ;l~rt gfkmf-gf]S;fg_
&_ jf;nftdf b]vfO{Psf] rfn' cf=j=sf] gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fjsf] /sd
*_ k'FhL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if
(_ k'FhL ;dfof]hg sf]if
!)_ sN; Og P8efG;
!!_ cGo :jtGq sf]ifx?
36fpg]M
Voflt (Goodwill) jfktsf] /sd
;LdfeGbf a9L z]o/ , ;'/If0fkqdf nufgL ul/Psf] /sd
ljQLo :jfy{ /x]sf] sDkgLsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL u/]sf] /sd
cjf:tljs ;DklQ
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/L :jk|of]hgsf nflu 3/hUuf vl/b
u/]sf] /sd
;LdfeGbf a9L cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f tyf hUuf ljsf;df nufgL u/]sf]
/sd .
tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ g;s]sf] z]o/ k|Tofe"lt .
k|rlnt P]g tyf sfg'gn] k|ltaGw u/]sf JolQm tyf ;d"xx?nfO{ k|bfg
u/]sf]] shf{ tyf ;'ljwfx?
k"/s k'FhL
!_ c;n shf{sf] nflu u/]sf] shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
@_ cltl/Qm shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf
#_ xfOla|8 k'FhL pks/0fx?
$_ ;'/If0f g/fv]sf] ;xfos cfjlws C0f
%_ ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]if
^_ ;DklQ k"gd"{Nofg sf]if
&_ nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]if
hDdf k'FhLsf]if -sv_
hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQsf] cfwf/df sfod ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd k'FhLsf]if
k'FhLsf]if
- ================= k|ltzt_
k|fylds k'FhL -=================== k|ltzt_
k'FhLsf]if -clwsGo"g_
- ================= k|ltztn]_
k|fylds k'FhL -clwsGo"g_ - ================= k|ltztn]_
90
-?=xhf/df_
ut jif{
===========================lnld6]8
hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQ ljj/0f tflnsf -s ju{ afx]s_
- ====================== cfiff( d;fGt_
laa/0f
-s_ jf;nft adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ
ef/
(On-Balance-sheet Assets)
gub df}Hbft
;'g -ljlgdo of]Uo_
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] C0fkqdf u/]sf]] nufgL
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkqdf u/]sf]] nufgL
;/sf/L C0f kqsf] lwtf]df k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g] u/L k|bfg u/]sf]] shf{
art kqsf] kfpg' kg]{ Aofh /sd (Accrued Interest)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ljkGg ju{ shf{ cGtu{t u0fgf x'g] o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/
sf]ifdf v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] hDdf u/]sf] /sd
cfg} d'2lt /l;bsf] lwtf]df k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g]u/L k|bfg u/]sf]] d'2lt /l;b lwtf] shf{
:jb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df /x]sf] df}Hbftd'2lt /l;bsf] bfjL (Claims)
cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] d'2lt /l;bsf] lwtf]df k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g] u/L
k|bfg u/]sf]] d'2lt /l;b lwtf] shf{
ljb]zL a}+sx?df /x]sf] df}Hbft
dfu]sf] avt k|fKt x'g] /sd (Money at Call)
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t (Rated) Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Uof/]06Ldf uPsf] shf{
cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t (Rated) a}+sdf u/]sf] cGo nufgL
cGt/ a}+s ;fk6L
z]o/, l8j]~r/ Pj+ a08df ePsf] nufgL
cGo nufgLx?
shf{, ;fk6 tyf ljN; vl/bl8:sfp06 ;d]t -s'n /sd_
:yL/ ;DklQx?
Kffpg' kg]{ cGo v'b Aofh /sd
cGo ;a} ;DklQx? -v'b cu|Ld s/ bflvnf jfx]s_
;Ldf gf3]sf] l/on :6]6cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{
-s_ hDdf
-v_ jf;nft aflx/sf sf/f]jf/x? (Off-balance sheet Items)
laN; sn]S;g
clu|d ljb]zL ljlgdo ;Demf}tf
^ dlxgfeGbf sd cjlwsf] k|lttkq -k"/} /sd_
cGt//fli6o >]0fLs[t (Rated) ljb]zL Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sfp06/
Uof/]06Ldf hf/L u/]sf]] Uof/]06L
^ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] k|lttkq -k"/} /sd_
lj8a08, k/km/d]G; a08 / k|Tofe"lt (Underwriting) ;DjGwL k|ltj4tf
k'gM vl/b ug]{ zt{df laqmL u/]sf]] shf{
clu|d e'QmfgL Uof/]06L (Advance payment Guarantee)
ljQLo tyf cGo hdfgt (Financial and other Guarantee)
ckl/jTo{ shf{ k|lta4tf (Irrevocable Loan Commitment)
cfos/ jfkt ;Defljt bfloTj
Acceptance ;lxt cGo ;j} k|sf/sf ;Defljt bfloTjx?
k"gM l8:sfpG6 ul/Psf ljnx
r'Qmf jf e'Qmfg x'g af+sL z]o/ nufgL
e'QmfgLsf nflu bfjL k/]sf] hdfgt (Unpaid Guarantee Claims)
;+:yfpk/ bfjL k/]sf] t/ ;+:yfn] bfloTj :jLsf/ gu/]sf] ;Defljt bfloTjx?
-v_ hDdf
s'n hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQ hDdf -s_ + -v_
91
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
100
100
100
100
100
100
150
)
!)
@)
@)
%)
%)
%)
!))
!))
!))
!))
!))
!))
!))
@))
@))
o; jif{
ut jif{
hf]lvd efl/t
hf]lvd efl/t
/sd
/sd
;DklQ
;DklQ
================================lnld6]8
k'FhLsf]if tflnsf -s ju{sf] nflu_
===================cfiff9
ljj/0f
92
/sd ? xhf/df
@)= cfiff9d;fGt ut cf= a=
;DklQ
jf;nftleqsf] sf/f]jf/
-s_
-v_
-u_
-#_= -s_-v_--u_
-r_= -#_X_
-_
gub df}Hbft
;"g
0
0
20
50
100
(ECA Rating-7)
150
100
20
50
100
150
20
100
20
50
100
150
20
100
20
50
100
150
75
100
93
150
100
100
150
150
100
150
60
0
20
100
cGo ;DklQ
hDdf
jf;nft jflx/sf] sf/f]jf/
h"g;"s} a]nf lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] k|lta$tf
ljN; sn]S;g
10
20
20
50
100
150
50
20
50
100
150
50
20
50
100
150
50
100
100
100
ljQLo hdfgt
100
100
100
20
94
50
100
200
hf]8M ^=$ -s_ -#_ cGtu{t k|lt u|fxs shf{ tyf ;'ljwf
;LdfeGbf a9L k|jflxt shf{ tyf ;'ljwfsf] !)
k|ltzt
hf]8M ^=$ -s_ -$_ cGtu{t k'g :jLsf/ x'g]u/L ljqmL
ul/Psf shf{x?sf] ! k|ltzt
s'n shf{ hf]lvd - Pillar II
cg";'rL 4=30-u_
============================================================lnld^]*
================cfiff(
Credit Risk Mitigation (CRM) sf] nflu of]Uo /sd
shf{ /sd
jf;nft leqsf]
cfkm\gf]
a}+sdf
/x]sf]
lgIf]k
cGo
a}+sdf
/x]sf]
lgIf]k
-s ju{sf] nflu_
/sd ? xhf/df
lab]zL
;/sf/
lab]zL
cGo
:jb]
z
L
g]
k
fn
a}+ssf]
tyf
b]zsf]
ax"kIfLo
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/sf] a}+ssf] lasf; a}+sx? hdfgt
;"g /fi^ a}s
Hdfgt
tyf ;"/If)f
+ hdfgt hdfgt hdfgt
95
96
ljj/)f
v"b Aofh cfDbfgL
sldzg tyf l*:sfp)^
cGo ;+rfng vr{
;^xL #^a( cfDbfgL
o; jif{sf] yk Aofh d"NtjL lx;fj
s"n cfDbfgL -s_
tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt -v_
tf]lsPsf] k|ltztn] x"g] s"n cfDbfgL -u_ = -s_x-v_
;+rfng hf]lvdsf] nflu cfjZos k'hL -#_ = -u_ sf] cf}ift
hf]lvd ef/ (Reciprocal of capital requirement) -_
;+rfng hf]lvdsf] nflu hf]lvd efl/t /sd -r_= -#_x-_
Pillar II cGtu{tsf] ;dfof]hg
15%
15%
15%
10
^=$ -c_ -*_ cg';f/ ut tLg jif{sf] s'n cfDbfgL C0ffTds ePdf
s"n shf{ tyf nufgL -ljif]z Joj:yfsf] ;dfof]hg kl%_
;+rfng hf]lvdsf] nflu cfjZos k'+hL
hf]lvd ef/ (Reciprocal of capital requirement of 10%) -%_
;+rfng hf]lvdsf] nflu hf]lvd efl/t /sd -h_= -r_+-%_
97
10
20== cfiff(
d;fGt
cg";'rL 4=30 -_
============================================================lnld^]*
========================cfiff(
ahf/ hf]lvd -s ju{sf] nflu_
/sd ? xhf/df
qm= ;+=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
ljj/)f
ef/tLo ?lkof
cd]l/sL *n/
o"/f]
kfpG* :^ln{*
l:j; km|}+s
c:^]lnog *n/
Sofg]l*og *n/
l;+ufk"/ *n/
hfkfgL o]g
lrlgof o"cfg
;fpbL c/a l/ofn
stf/L l/ofn
yfO{ ef^
;+o"Qm c/a Old/]^ lb/fd
dn]l;og l/+lu^
l:jl*; qmf]g/
*]lg; qmf]g/
x*s *n/
-s_
tf]lsPsf] k|ltzt -v_
ahf/ hf]lvdsf] nflu cfjZos k"+hL -u_ = -s_x-v_
hf]lvd ef/ (Reciprocal of capital requirement) -#_
-10010_
ahf/ hf]lvdsf] nflu hf]lvd efl/t /sd -_= -u_x-#_
Total Open Position
98
5%
10
===============lnld6]8
k|d'v ;"rsfF
sDtLdf ljut % jif{sf kl/;"rsx
ljj/0f
;"rsf cf=a=
cf=a=
========== ==========
1=
v'b gfkmfs'n cfDbfgL k|ltzt
k|ltzt
2=
k|lt z]o/ cfDbfgL
=
3=
k|lt z]o/ ahf/ d"No
=
4= d"No cfDbfgL cg'kft (PE Ratio)
cg'kft
5=
z]o/ k'FhLdf nfef+z -jf]g; ;lxt_
k|ltzt
6=
z]o/ k'FhLdf gub nfef+; e'QmfgL
k|ltzt
7=
Aofh cfDbfgLshf{ tyf ;fk6
k|ltzt
8= sd{rf/L vr{s'n ;~rfng vr{
k|ltzt
9=
s'n lgIf]k tyf ;fk6Ldf Aofh vr{
k|ltzt
10= ;6xL 36a6 cfDbfgLs'n cfDbfgL
k|ltzt
11= sd{rf/L af]g;s'n sd{rf/L vr{
k|ltzt
12= v'b gfkmfshf{ ;fk6
k|ltzt
13= v'b gfkmfs'n ;DklQ
cg'kft
14= s'n shf{lgIf]k
k|ltzt
15= s'n ;~rfng vr{s'n ;DklQ
k|ltzt
16= hf]lvd efl/t ;DklQdf k'FhLsf]ifsf] kof{Kttf
-s_ k|fylds k'FhL
k|ltzt
-v_ k"/s k'FhL
k|ltzt
-u_ s'n k'FhL sf]if
k|ltzt
17= t/ntf (CRR)
cg'kft
18= lgis[o shf{s'n shf{
k|ltzt
19= Aofh b/ cGt/ (Weighted Average Interest
cg';"rL $=#!
cf=a=
==========
cf=a=
==========
cf=a=
==========
Rate Spread)
20=
21=
22=
23=
a's g]6jy{
s'n z]o/
s'n sd{rf/L
cGo
=
;+Vof
;+Vof
cg';"rL $=#@
k|d'v n]vf gLltx?
jflif{s n]vf ljj/0fx?;Fu k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{ .
99
cg';"rL $=##
n]vf ;DaGwL l6Kk0fLx?
jflif{s n]vf laj/0fx?;Fu k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{ .
cg";'rL 4=34
============================================== lnld6]8
;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xsf z]o/wgLn] cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] z]o/ cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfdf lwtf] /fvL shf{ lnPsf] ljj/0f
qm=
;+=
;+:yfks;+:yf
ks ;d"x
cGtu{t kg]{
z]o/wgLsf]
gfd
;+:yfkssf] :jfldTjdf
sfod /x]sf] z]o/
s"n
s"n r'Qmf
lsQf
k'FhLsf]
;+Vof
k|ltzt
shf{ ljj/0f
shf{ lnPsf] cGo
a}+s ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
gfd
!
@
=
100
shf{ /sd
lwtf]df /x]sf]
z]o/ lsQf ;+Vof
s}lkmot
cg";'rL 4=35
.......................................... Bank/Financial Institution Ltd.
Comparison of Unaudited and Audited Financial Statement as of FY ...../...
Rs in '000
S.No.
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Particulars
As per
Unaudited
Financial
Statement
Fixed Assets
2.5
Non Banking Assets
2.6
Other Assets
2.7
3
Profit and Loss Account
Interest Income
3.1
Interest Expense
3.2
A. Net Interest Income (3.1 - 3.2)
Fees, Commission and Discount
3.3
Other Operating Income
3.4
Foreign Exchange Gain/Loss (Net)
3.5
B. Total Operating Income (A+3.3+3.4+3.5)
Staff Expenses
3.6
Other Operating Expenses
3.7
C. Operating Profit Before Provision (B -3.6 - 3.7)
Provision for Possible Losses
3.8
D. Operating Profit (C -3.8)
Non Operating Income/Expenses (Net)
3.9
Write Back of Provision for Possible Loss
3.10
E. Profit from Regular Activities (D+3.9+3.10)
Extraordinary Income/Expenses (Net)
3.11
F. Profit before Bonus and Taxes (E +3.11)
Provision for Staff Bonus
3.12
Provision for Tax
3.13
G. Net Profit/Loss (F - 3.12 - 3.13)
101
Variance
As per Audited
In Amount
Financial
Statement
In %
Reasons for
Variance
...................... Limited
Unaudited Financial Results (Quarterly)
As at ........... Quarter (...../...../200...) of the Fiscal Year 200.../200...
S.No.
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.1O
3.11
3.12
3.13
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Particulars
This Quater
Ending
cg";'lr $=c
Rs. in '000
Previous Quarter Corresponding Previsous
Ending
Year Quarter Ending
Up to This Quarter
Up to Previous
Quarter
Up to Corresponding
Previous Year Quarter
Interest Income
Interest Expense
A. Net Interest Income (3.1 - 3.2)
Fees, Commission and Discount
Other Operating Income
Foreign Exchange Gain/Loss (Net)
B. Total Operating Income (A+3.3+3.4+3.5)
Staff Expenses
Other Operating Expenses
C. Operating Profit Before Provision (B -3.6 - 3.7)
Provision for Possible Losses
D. Operating Profit (C -3.8)
Non Operating Income/Expenses (Net)
Write Back of Provision for Possible Loss
E. Profit from Regular Activities (D+3.9+3.10)
Extraordinary Income/Expenses (Net)
F. Profit before Bonus and Taxes (E +3.11)
Provision for Staff Bonus
Provision for Tax
G. Net Profit/Loss (F - 3.12 - 3.13)
Ratios
At the End of
At the End of
Corresponding Previous
Previous Quarter
Year Quarter
gf]6M 3 ju{sf n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf cg';"rL $=#% / cg';"rL $=c kmf/dx?nfO{ g]=/f= a}+s lgb]{zg kmf= g+= 3(=%
adf]lhd x'g] u/L kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ 5 .
102
103
#=
104
-3_
$=
kl/jt{g x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] Aofhb/ pkv08 -u_ adf]lhd k|To]s ;do cGt/fnsf]
;dofjlw;Fu ;dfof]lht x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ 5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ Aofhb/df
x'g] ;dfof]lht Aofhb/ (IRC) kl/jt{gnfO{ b]xfosf] cg'kftn] u'0fg ug'{ kg]{5 M
;do cGt/fndf /x]sf lbg #^% lbg
h:t} M ! k|ltztn] Aofhb/ kl/jt{g ePdf, () lbgsf] ;do cGt/fn x'Fbf
Interest Rate Change (IRC) = ()#^%)=)!
= )=))@%
-_
Aofhb/df ePsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f a}+ssf] gfkmfgf]S;fgdf kg{ uPsf] c;/nfO{ x]g{
ljleGg ;do cGt/fnsf] ;l~rt cGt/fn (Cumulative Gap) nfO{ pkv08 -3_ adf]lhd
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] Aofhb/n] u'0fg u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DaGwL hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf
-!_
ljb]zL ljlgdo b/df cfpg] ;Defljt kl/jt{gaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo cj:yfdf kg{
;Sg] c;/nfO{ cg'udg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+nUg lgb]{zg kmf=g+=%=# adf]lhdsf] laj/0f ;fKtflxs
?kdf ;Ktfx ljt]sf] ;ft lbg leq o; a}+ssf] ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ljb]zL ljlgdo b/df cfpg] kl/jt{gaf6 pTkGg x'g;Sg]] hf]lvdnfO{
Go"gLs/0f ug{ o; a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] n]vf ;DaGwL gLlt tyf ljQLo laj/0fx?sf] 9fFrf ;DaGwL
lgb]{zg -O=k|f lgb]{zg g+= $_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] ;6xL 36j9 sf]if sfod /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cNksfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg e'QmfgL cjlwsf cfwf/df ljb]zL
ljlgdonfO{ d'b|fut ?kdf juL{s/0f u/L b'j} cjlwsf] v'b cj:yf (Net Position) b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
%=
^=
&=
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljb]zL ljlgdosf] b}lgs v'b cj:yf a9Ldf k|fylds k'FhLsf] lt;
k|ltzt;Dd x'g] u/L ;Ldf sfod ul/Psf] 5 . v'b cj:yf pQm ;Ldf eGbf a9L x'g uPdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf :jo+n] To:tf] cj:yfnfO{ ;Ldf leq Nofpg k|of; ug'{ kg]{5 . Ps
dlxgfleq klg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] v'b cj:yfnfO{ ;Ldfleq gNofPdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g,
@)%* adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g]5 . v'b cj:yf u0fgf ubf{ kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f lgIf]k bfloTj
(Foreign Currency Deposit Liablility) tyf clu|d ljb]zL ljlgdo vl/bljqmL /sd ;d]tnfO{
;dfof]hg u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .
shf{ tyf nufgL ;DaGwL hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf
o; a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf] shf{ ;fk6sf] juL{s/0f / shf{ gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf - O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+=
@ _ / Psn u|fxs tyf If]qut shf{ ;fk6 / ;'ljwfsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf - O=k|f=lgb]{zg
g+= #_ tyf nufgL ;DjGwL Aoj:Yff -O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= *_ nfO{ g} shf{ tyf nufgL ;DaGwL hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f ug]{ cfwf/sf] ?kdf lng' kg]{5 .
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL dfu{bz{g
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf jfl0fHo a+}sx?sf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;jn agfpg hf]lvd
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL dfu{bz{g -Risk Management Guidelines_ nfu" ul/Psf]n] tf]lsPsf] dfu{bz{g adf]lhd
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug{'u/fpg' kg]{5 .
bjfa k/LIf0f ;DaGwL dfu{bz{g
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf a+}sx?n] @)^* df3b]lv a}+s :jo+n] bjfa k/LIf0f -Stress
Testing_ ug]{ Joj:yf ug{ tf]lsPsf] bjfa k/LIf0f dfu{bz{g -Stress Testing Guidelines_ adf]lhd sfof{Gjog
ug{'u/fpg' kg]{5 . ;fy}, ;f] dfu{bz{g adf]lhd bjfj k/LIf0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df lgDg adf]lhdsf] yk
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
-s_
afl0fHo a}+sx?n] q}dfl;s ljQLo ljj/0fsf cfwf/df bjfa k/LIf0f u/L o:tf] k/LIf0fsf]
kl/0ffd af/] ;+rfns ;ldlt tyf pRr Joj:yfkgdf 5nkmn ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-v_
o:tf] bjfa k/LIf0fsf] nflu o; a}+sn] tof/ u/]sf] Spreadsheet o; a}ssf] a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f
ljefu, u}/:ynut dxfzfvfdf ;Dks{ /fvL lng ;lsg]5 .
105
-u_
*=
v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] Spreadsheet df plNnlvt bjfa k/LIf0f;Fu ;DalGwt tYof+s Pj+
kl/0ffd x/]s qodf; ljt]sf] #) lbg leq a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf] u}/:ynut dxfzfvfdf
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]jf/df lglxt hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{
;DjGwL Joj:yf O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= %)^* adf]lhdsf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/
d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
106
-?= nfvdf_
qm=;=
1 90
lbg
ljj/)f
;DklQ
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
gub df}Hbft
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] df}Hbft
ljb]zL a}+sdf ul/Psf] nufgL
sn dlg
10=
;/sf/L ;"/If)fkq
g]=/f=a}+s C)fkq
cGt/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf shf{
shf{ ;fk^
kfpg" kg]{ Aofh
l/e;{ l/kf]
11=
12=
13=
s"n ;DklQ
bfloTj
14=
15=
16=
17=
18=
rNtL lgIf]k
art lgIf]k
d"@lt lgIf]k
C)fkqx?
;fk^L M
dfucNk ;"rgf
cGt/ a}+slj=;+:yf
k"g/shf{
cGo
19=
20=
21=
22=
23=
24=
25=
s"n bfloTj
v"b ;DklQ
;+lrt v"b ;DklQ
107
91 180
lbg
181 270
lbg
271 365
lbg
1 jif{
eGbf a(L
s"n
/sd
n]vf zLif{s
;DklQ
kfpg"kg]{ Aofh
l/e;{ l/kf]
k|lta$tf cGtu{t cGo
;+:yfx?af^ k|fKt x"g]
qm=;= 20, 21 / 22 sf
;"ljwfx?sf] e"QmfgL
cGo zLif{sx?
bfloTj
;)*L qm]l*^;{
e"QmfgL lbg"kg]{ ljn
e"QmfgL lbg"kg]{ Aofh
Joj:yfx?*
k|lta$tf cGtu{t cGo
;+:yfx?nfO{ lbg"kg]{
pkef]u e}g;s]sf] :jLs[t
;"ljwfx?
k|lttkqhdfgt -v"b_
l/kf]
qm=;= 11 cGtu{tsf]
;"ljwfsf] e"QmfgL
cGo zLif{sx?
cjlwsf] ljj/)f
h"g ;dodf Aofh k|fKt x"g] xf], ;f]xL ;dosf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /fVg] .
e"QmfgL cjlw cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /fVg] .
h"g ;dodf ;"ljwf k|fKt x"g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] % ;f]xL ;dosf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /fVg] .
hdfgt afx]s cGo ;"lawfx?sf] xsdf e"QmfgL cjlw cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /
hdfgtsf] xsdf 1 aif{eGbf a(Lsf] Bucket df /fVg] .
Plss[t lgb]{zgsf] lgb]{zg g+ 5 df Joj:yf ul/P jdf]lhd ug]{ .
1 b]lv 90 lbgsf] Bucket df /fVg] .
e"QmfgL cjlw cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /fVg] .
e"QmfgL cjlw cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /fVg] .
lglZrt e"QmfgL cjlw ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / gePsf] cj:yfdf 1 b]lv 90 lbgsf]
Bucket df /fVg] .
lautsf] Trend ljin]if)faf^ dfusf] Pattern cg"dfg u/L ;f]xL cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df
/fVg] .
lautsf] Trend ljin]if)faf^ dfusf] Pattern cg"dfg u/L ;f]xL cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df
/fVg] .
k|lttkqsf] xsdf e"QmfgL cjlw cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df / hdfgtsf] xsdf lautsf]
Trend ljin]if)faf^ Claim Pattern :yflkt u/L cfpg] /sd hdfgtsf] cjlw ;dfKt x"g] Bucket
df /fVg] .
e"QmfgL cjlw cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /fVg] .
e"QmfgL cjlw cg";f/sf] ;DjlGwt Bucket df /fVg] .
Plss[t lgb]{zgsf] lgb]{zg g+ 5 df Joj:yf ul/P jdf]lhd ug]{ .
;Defljt gf]S;fgL jfkt sfod ul/Psf Joj:yfx? afx]ssf vr{ zLif{s;+u ;DjlGwt Joj:yfx? .
-=nfvdf_
cjlw
! ()
lbg
(! !*)
lbg
!*! @&)
lbg
@&!
#^% lbg
! jif{ eGbf
a9L
s'n
/sd
s'n ;DklQ*
s'n bfloTj**
cGt/fn -! @_
;l~rt cGt/fn
;dfof]lht Aofhb/ (IRC)***
q}dfl;s d'gfkmf l:yltdf k|efj
-;l~rt cGt/fn x IRC)
&=
;l~rt d'gfkmf l:ylt km/s
-qm=;+= ^ sf] hf]8 ub}{ hfg]_
* s'n ;+klQ cGtu{t Aofhb/df ePsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f k|efljt x'g] ;DklQ (Interest Sensitive Assets) dfq ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
** s'n bfloTj cGtu{t Aofhb/df ePsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f k|efljt x'g] bfloTj (Interest Sensitive Liabilities) dfq ;dfj]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
108
cNksfnLg
;DklQ
bfloTj
cNksfnLg
v'b cj:yf
bL3{sfnLg
;DklQ
109
bfloTj
bL3{sfnLg
v'b cj:yf
-=nfvdf_
s'n
v'b
cj:yf
v'b
cj:yf
k|fylds
k'FhL
110
-$_
-%_
-^_
-&_
-*_
-(_
-!)_
111
-!!_
@=
112
-em_
#=
k|rlnt sfg'g / o; a}+saf6 hf/L ePsf gLlt lgb]{zg tyf lgodgsf] kl/kfngf gePdf
;~rfnsx? cfkm\gf] kbaf6 avf{:t ;d]t x'g;Sg] x'gfn] To:tf sfg'g, gLlt lgb]{zg tyf
lgodg ljifodf ;~rfnsx? k"0f{ hfgsf/ x'g'sf ;fy} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 To:tf sfg'g,
gLlt lgb]{zg tyf lgodg kfngf eP gePsf] ;DjGwdf lgoldt cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-`_
;+:yfsf ;~rfnsx?n] lgIf]kstf{sf] xslxt ljkl/t sfo{ u/]df jf o; a}+sn] dfu u/]sf
sfuhftx? pknAw gu/fPdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)) adf]lhd To:tf ;~rfns
tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{ nufOPsf] hl/jfgf JolQmut ?kdf ltg'{ kg]{5 . o;/L JolQmut ?kdf lt/]sf]
hl/jfgf /sdnfO{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfgf] lx;fjdf vr{ n]vL e'QmfgL lbg kfpg]
5}g .
-6_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf Joj;flos ;+rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/
wf/0f ug{ x'b}g . t/ o; k"j{ o:tf] z]o/ lnO;s]sf] ePdf of] kl/kq hf/L ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf Ps
jif{leq lgoldt ul/;Sg' kg]{ 5 .
-7_
k|rlnt sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf u}/ sfo{sf/L ;+rfns tyf
cGo ;+rfnsx?n] k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] cg'kl:yltdf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] x}l;otn]
b}lgs sfo{;+rfng ug{ kfOg] 5}g . ;fy}, u}/ sfo{sf/L cWoIf tyf ;+rfnsx?n] cfkm\gf]
;+:yfsf] n]6/Kof8 tyf 5fk k|of]u u/L s'g} klg kqfrf/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g . t/ u}/ sfo{sf/L
cWoIfnfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @$ sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd
;+rfnsn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] b}lgs sfd sf/jfxLdf x:tIf]k ug'{ x'Fb}g
eGg] Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL b}lgs sfo{;+rfng;+u ;DalGwt jfx]ssf ljifodf n]6/Kof8 tyf
5fk k|of]u u/L kqfrf/ ug{ eg] o; Joj:yfn] afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-8_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;~rfns afx]ssf
;b:ox?nfO{ cfdGq0f u/L ;~rfns ;/x a}7s eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ kfOg] 5}g . t/
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] cfjZostf dxz'; u/]df vf;vf; ljifodf 7f]; /fo
k/fdz{sf nflu ljQLo :jfy{ gePsf] lj1 JolQmnfO{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f u/L
cfjZos /fok/fdz{ k|fKt u/L ;f] jfkt kfl/>lds k|bfg ug{ eg] of] Joj:yfn] jfwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-k|i6Ls/0f M o; k|of]hgsf nflu ;+rfns afx]s cGo kbflwsf/Ln] ;+rfns ;+of]hs jf ;b:o /xg] ;ldlt
pk;ldltdf a}7s eQf lng kfpg] 5}gg\ . t/, ;+rfns afx]ssf cGo ;b:o nufot ;lrjfno ;DalGw
sfdsf] nflu 5'6\6} kfl/>lds lbg ;lsg] 5 . _
-9_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lgjf{lrtdgf]gog ePsf] k|To]s ;+rfnsn] cfkm" lgjf{lrt jf dgf]lgt ePsf]
ldltn] a9Ldf k}+tL; lbgleq kb tyf uf]klgotfsf] zky lnO ;Sg' kg]{5 . cGoyf, pQm ;+rfnssf]
lgjf{rg dgf]gog :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .
-0f_
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] lgwf{/0f tf]lsPsf] dfu{bz{g cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffx?sf] nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf]
bkmf *$ df ePsf] Joj:yf ;d]tsf] cfwf/df Joj:yfkg vr{ Pj+ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] tnj, eQf
tyf cGo cfly{s ;'ljwfx? lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf o; a}+sf/f hf/L dfu{bz{gdf pNn]lvt
dfkb08 cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{] 5 .
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ;DaGwL Joj:yf
-!_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+Rffns ;ldltn] k|rlnt sfg'g tyf ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf]
cwLgdf /xL sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ ;+:yfut
;'zf;g tyf cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Pj+ ;Gt'ngsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIfnfO{ sfo{sf/L
k|d'vsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm ug{ pko'Qm x'g] 5}g .
-@_
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm x'g] JolQmdf k|rlnt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DjGwL sfg'gdf
plNnlvt of]Uotf tyf cg'ejsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf yk of]Uotf, cg'ej tyf u'0fx? plNnlvt
x'g' kg]{5 .
-s_
a}+ls sf/f]af/sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ Joj;flos cg'ej,
-v_
;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cfGtl/s lgoGq0f / k|rlnt sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf ug]{
u/fpg] ;Ifdtf,
-u_
a}+ls jf ljQLo Joj;fosf] pRr txdf sfo{ u/]sf],
113
-3_
-_
$=
114
-$_
-%_
-^_
-&_
-*_
-(_
-!)_
-!!_
cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf] lxtdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ ePdf dfq lghnfO{ cf+lzs ?kdf sfd ug{ lnlvt
:jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
sd{rf/L ;+rfns x'g kfpg] jf gkfpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] clwsf+z :jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] ;+:yfsf]
axfnjfnf sd{rf/L s'g} klg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns;Nnfxsf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g .
t/, b]xfo adf]lhd x'g o; lgb]{zgn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g M
-s_
k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] :yfkgf u/]sf] ;xfos sDkgLx?sf]
;~rfns x'g,
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL ePsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] csf]{ s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfdf nufgL u/]sf] sf/0fn] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf ;~rfns dgf]gog ug'{
kbf{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ cfgf] s'g} ;+rfns To:tf] csf]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf] ;+rfnsdf dgf]gog x'g, jf
-u_
gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zo gePsf ;fdflhs ;]jfdf ;+nUg ;+:yfx? h:t}M wfld{s,
;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs, k/f]ksf/L h:tf ;+:yfx?sf] lgodsf] kl/lwleq /xL ;~rfns x'g .
;+/Ifssf] x}l;otdf /xg gx'g]
sd{rf/Lx?n] u|fxssf] hdLg tyf hfoh]yf ;DaGwL sf/f]af/df k|zf;s jf ;+/Ifssf] x}l;otn]
;+nUg x'g' x'Fb}g . t/ sy+sbflrt o:tf] sfo{df ;+nUg x'g' k/]df sfo{sf/L k|d'vaf6 To;sf] lnlvt
:jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
kbsf] b'?kof]u ug{ gx'g]
sd{rf/Ln] cfgf] kb / gfd b'?kof]u u/L s'g} klg lsl;dsf] JolQmut kmfObf x'g] lqmofsnfkdf
;+nUg x'gkfOg] 5}g . sd{rf/L jf lghsf gft]bf/n] ;d]t lghx? axfn /x]sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yf;Fu sf/f]af/ ubf{ kfl/jfl/s ;DaGwsf] k|efj kfg{ kfOg] 5}g . ;fy}, ;fdfgx?sf] vl/b ljqmL
ubf{, z]o/ nufot cGo k||Tofe"lt sf/f]jf/df k|fyldstf kfpg jf lbgsf nflu kbsf] pkof]u ug{
kfOg] 5}g . o;}u/L ;'g, rfFbL, ljb]zL ljlgdo / ljb]zL ;'/If0fkqx?sf] ;fkf ubf{ kbLo k|efj
kfg{ kfOg] 5|}g .
;"rgfsf] b'?kof]u ug{ gx'g]
sd{rf/Ln] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt s'g} klg ;"rgfsf] b'?kof]u ug{
tyf s'g} klg ;"rLs[t ePsf] sDkgL jf ;"rLs[t x'g afFsL /x]sf] sDkgLsf] lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf]
?kdf sf/f]af/df ;+nUg x'g kfOg] 5}g . lghx?n]] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf afx]s cfk"m dftxtsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgf tyf clen]vsf] hfgsf/L lbg' x'Fb}g .
clen]v / sf/f]af/sf] k|ltj]bg /fVg' kg]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vf ;DaGwL clen]v / k|ltj]bg k"0f{ Pj+ b'?:t x'g'kg]{ 5 . sd{rf/Ln]
cgflws[t ?kdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] n]vf clen]v / sfuhftdf JolQmut ?kdf yk36
ug{ kfOg] 5}g . o:tf] u/]df gLh sd{rf/L k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd ;hfosf] efuLbf/ x'g]5 .
uf]klgotf sfod /fVg' kg]{
-s_
sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd u|fxssf] ;"rgf / u|fxs;+u ePsf] sf/f]af/sf]
uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{5 . lgh ;]jfaf6 lgj[Q eO;s]kl5 klg To:tf] sf/f]jf/sf]
uf]klgotf -k|ltlnlk clwsf/, cGo kqfrf/, n]vf / u|fxs;Fu ePsf] cGo sf/f]af/sf]
laj/0f_ cfgf] jf c? s;}sf] ljQLo :jfy{sf] nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-v_
s'g} u|fxssf] Joj;flos jf ljQLo ;"rgf u|fxssf] lnlvt :jLs[lt lnP/ cGo JolQm
jf ;+:yfnfO{ lbg ;lsg] 5 .
t/, k|rlnt sfg'gsf] clwgdf /xL a}+ls sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL laj/0fx? t];|f] kIfnfO{
pknAw u/fpFbf uf]kgLotf e ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
lgikIf / ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{ kg]{
sd{rf/Lx?n] u|fxs;Fusf] ldqtf / ;DaGwaf6 k|efljt geO{ lgikIf Pj+ ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df
Jofj;flos sf/f]af/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{
115
%=
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] dfly n]lvP adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/Ln] cfr/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf :jLsf/ u/]sf]
tyf cfjZos b]v]df cfgf] cfGtl/s sfo{ k|0ffnLsf] nflu yk cfr/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf tof/ u/L
;f] :jLsf/ u/]sf] hfgsf/L o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu / ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f
ljefunfO{ lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-!@_ cfr/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf kfngf ePgePsf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{
sd{rf/Ln] o; lgb]{zgdf tf]lsPsf cfr/0fx? clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf u/] gu/]sf] laj/0f cfly{s
jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq clgjfo{ ?kdf o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu
/ ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 . s'g} sd{rf/Ln] pQm cfr/0fx?sf] kfngf
gu/]df ;f] ;DjGwL laj/0f / gLhdfly ul/Psf] sf/jfxL af/]sf] hfgsf/L o; a}+ssf pk/f]Qm
ljefudf t'?Gt k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ sd{rf/LnfO{ shf{ k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfgf sd{rf/LnfO{ sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLdf plNnlvt
;fk6L;'ljwfsf cltl/Qm cfg} jf cGo s'g} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /flvPsf] d'2lt /l;b, ;'grfFbL
tyf g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkqartkqsf] lwtf]df shf{ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
cfGtl/s ;ldltpk;ldlt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
-!_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !$ tyf bkmf !% df ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f/
;+rfns ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] hjfkmb]xLdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] u/L ;ldltpk;ldlt u7g u/L
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;d]t tf]Sg' kg]{5M .
-s_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ;+rfns ;+of]hs
jf ;b:o x'g] u/L b]xfosf ljifo;+u ;DalGwt ;ldlt jf pk;ldlt dfq u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf
-v_ v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg s'g} vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu ;do tf]sL u}/
sfo{sf/L ;+rfnssf] ;+of]hsTjdf pk;ldlt u7g ug{ eg] jfwf k'u]sf] dfgLg] 5}g .
-u_ ;+rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf ;+rfns ;ldlt afx]s cGo s'g} klg cfGtl/s ;ldlt jf pk
;ldltdf ;dfj]z x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-3_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ;ldltdf cfjZostf cg';f/ cfdGq0f ul/g] ljz]if1 JolQm ;lxt
slDtdf # b]lv a9Ldf % hgf;Dd ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5g\ .
-_ ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] ;a} ;~rfnsx?sf] of]Uotf / cg'ej v'n]sf] Profile tof/ u/L ;f]sf]
cfwf/df ;+rfnsx?nfO{ pko'Qm ;ldltdf /fVg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-r_ pk/f]Qm adf]lhd tLg j6f ;ldlt sfod x'g] u/L o; a}+saf6 kl/kq hf/L x'g' eGbf cufl8
ljleGg ljlgodfjnLx?df ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;+rfnsx?n] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L u7g ePsf
;ldltnfO{ Joj:yfkg cGt/ut u7g ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ 5 .
-5_ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] a}7s eQf ;+rfns ;ldltsf ;b:on] kfpg] a}7s eQf eGbf a9L gx'g]
u/L tf]Sg' kg]{] 5 .
-h_ k|d'v sfo{sf/L eGbf tNnf] txsf sd{rf/Lsf] kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ gfoj sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf]
;+of]hsTjdf kbk"lt{ ;ldlt u7g u/L Joj:yfkgnfO{ clVtof/ k|Tofof]hg ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-em_ Pp6f ;ldltdf ;+of]hs /x]sf] ;+rfns csf]{ ;ldltdf ;+of]hs x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-`_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ljefusf k|d'v / sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg qmdzM ;+rfns ;ldltn] /
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ .
-@_
116
u7g x'g] n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltdf sfo{sf/L k|d'vnfO{ ;b:osf] ?kdf /fVg kfOg] 5}g t/
cfjZostf k/]sf] cj:yfdf cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf af]nfpg jfwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
^=
-s_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;du| ljQLo cj:yf, cfGtl/s lgoGq0f,
n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgf / cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fdf cf}+NofOPsf ljifox?df cfjlws ?kdf ;dLIff
u/L ;f] ;DaGwdf ckgfpg' kg]{ sbd af/] Joj:yfkgnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] / ;f] ;DaGwL
;'emfj ;~rfns ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ .
-v_ afx\o n]vfk/LIfsn] k]z u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf cf}+NofOPsf a'Fbfs}lkmotx? pk/ ;dLIff
u/L ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNg Joj:yfkgnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .
-u_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f u/L k|ltj]bgdf cf}NofOPsf a'Fbfs}lkmotx?sf]
sfof{Gjog ePgePsf] ;DaGwdf ;dLIff ug]{ tyf tL ljifox?sf] clen]v u/L ;+rfns
;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
-3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] jflif{s ljQLo ljj/0fnfO{ ;xL / oyfy{ agfpg Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{ .
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sf/f]jf/sf] x/lx;fj ;xL / oyfy{ ePsf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{ ljZj:t t'Nofpg'sf] ;fy} ;Defljt bfloTj / shf{ juL{s/0f u/L ;f]sf] nflu /fVg'
kg]{ Joj:yf ;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kdf ;dLIff ug]{ .
-r_ k|rlnt sfg'g tyf g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf lgodg Joj:yfx? kfngf u/]gu/]sf]
;DaGwdf ;ldltn] ;dLIff ug'{sf ;fy} ;f] ;DjGwL Aoxf]/f cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ .
-5_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL lj:t[t sfo{ k|0ffnL tof/ u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{ .
-h_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/jfxLdf lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, cf}lrTotf, k|efjsfl/tf h:tf
s'/fx? cjnDjg ePgePsf] jf/] ;dLIff u/L ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj lbg] .
-em_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] q}dfl;s ljQLo ljj/0fsf] ;dLIff u/L ;+rfns ;ldlt ;dIf k|ltj]bg
k]z ug]{ .
-`_ sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !^% df pNn]v ePsf sfo{x? ug]{ .
-#_ ;+rfns ;ldltn] sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg / ;]jf ;'ljwf ;ldlt tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfo{
ljj/0f o;} lgb]{zgsf] qmdzM cg";'rL ^=! / cg";'rL ^=@ df plNnlvt sfo{ ljj/0fnfO{ cfwf/
dfgL tf]lslbg' kg]{5 .
cfgf ;~rfns, z]o/wgL, sd{rf/L Pj+ lgh;Fu ;DalGwt kmd{nfO{ shf{ k|bfg ug{ aGb]h ;DaGwL
Joj:yf
-s_
b]xfosf cj:yfdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf ;~rfnsnfO{ shf{ ;fk6Lu}/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t
;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ aGb]h ul/Psf] 5 M
-!_
;~rfns / lghsf] Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{,
-@_
;~rfns jf lghsf] Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:o Joj:yfks, ;fe]mbf/, Ph]G6 jf
hdfgtstf{ ePsf] jf lghsf] k|ToIf ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{,
-#_
;~rfns jf lghsf Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:on] bz k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] kmd{,
sDkgLnfO{ / ;+:yfnfO{,
-$_
;~rfns jf lghsf Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:o hdfgt a;]sf] JolQm, kmd{ sDkgLnfO{ jf
;+:yfnfO{ .
-v_
b]xfosf cj:yfdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks, z]o/wgL tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ shf{ tyf
u}/sf]ifdf cfwfl/t ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ aGb]h ul/Psf] 5 M
-!_
;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf z]o/wgL jf ljqmL ePsf] s'n z]o/sf] Ps k|ltzteGbf
a9L z]o/ lnPsf z]o/wgL tyf lghsf kl/jf/sf ;b:o / sd{rf/LnfO{,
l6Kk0fLM -c_
-cf_
117
-O_
-@_
&=
*=
(=
118
!)=
!!=
!@=
!#=
cfly{s / u}/ cfly{s s'g} klg k|s[ltsf ;'ljwf lng kfOg] 5}g . o;/L cfly{s / u}/ cfly{s ;'ljwf
lnPsf] v08df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yf
pNn+3g u/]sf] dflgg]5 . o;/L lnPsf] cfly{s tyf u}/ cfly{s ;'ljwf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL
P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] dfgL c;'npk/ ul/g]5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ug]{ qmddf /x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf k|:tfljt ;+rfnsjf k|jGw ;+rfnsx?n]
ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt gu/];Dd s'g} klg k|sf/sf] kfl/>lds, eQf tyf cGo cfly{s
;'ljwfx? lng kfOg] 5}g . k|:tfljt ;+:yfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?n] k|:tfljt ;+rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]
adf]lhdsf] kfl/>lds lng eg] afwfkg]{ 5}g . ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt u/L ;s]sf t/
;j{;fwf/0fdf ;fj{hlgs z]o/ lgisfzg gu/]sf ;+:yfsf ;+rfns, k|jGw ;+rfns tyf k|d'v sfo{sf/L
clws[t nufotsf clwsf/Lx?n] k|fKt ug]{ kfl/>lds, eQf tyf cGo cfly{s ;'ljwfx? pQm ;+:yfsf]
;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgLsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] k|yd ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg geP;Dd a[l4 ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
o; a}+sn] k|sflzt ug]{ u/]sf] Joj;flos ljz]if1 tyf n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf /x]sf JolQm tyf lgh
;xefuL x'g] jf ePsf] ;fem]bf/L kmd{, sDkgL tyf ;+:yfx? ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ clVtof/ k|fKt
lgsfon] d'2f bfo/ u/]df :jtM o; a}+sn] k|sflzt ug]{ ;"rLaf6 x6fOg] 5 . ;kmfO{ kfPsf] v08df
cflwsfl/s kq k|fKt eP kl5 :jtM ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 . t/, d'2f bfo/ x'g'eGbf cufl8 a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;fwf/0f;efaf6 n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ePsf] xsdf eg] sfd ;DkGg ug{ o; Joj:yfn]
s'g} jfwf kg]{ 5}g .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t jf Joj:yfkg txsf] kbflwsf/Ln] s'g} klg
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 lzIff shf{, xfo/ kr]{h shf{, 3/ shf{ jf 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf ;fdfu|L shf{
afx]s cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf shf{ lng kfpg] 5}gg\ .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] ;+:yfut ;'zf;g ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= ^)^* adf]lhdsf]
lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{
kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
119
cg";'rL^=!
sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg / ;]jf ;'ljwf ;ldlt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
u7g Joj:yf
;~rfns ;ldltn] Ps hgf u}/ sfo{sf/L ;~rfnssf] ;+of]hsTjdf Pp6f sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg / ;]jf ;'ljwf
;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;ldltsf] ;b:ox? dWo] n]vf ;DaGwL ljefusf ljefuLo k|d'v ;b:o, hgzlQm
Joj:yfkg ljefusf ljefuLo k|d'v ;b:o ;lrj x'g]5g\ .
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f gLlt th'{df ug{ ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{
.
;ldltn] ;do ;dodf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds ;+/rgfsf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ / ahf/sf]
kfl/>lds ;+/rgfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf kfg]{ k|efjsf ;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kn]
cWoog u/L ;+rfns ;ldlt ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f gLlt adf]lhd k|rlnt sfg'g tyf gLlt lgb]{zgdf
plNnlvt Joj:yfx?sf] kfngf x'g] u/L k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t nufot ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds
j[l4 ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf ;f]sf] cfwf/x? ;lxt ;+rfns ;ldltdf l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?n] ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ ljj/0f, nIo / k|ult d"Nof+sgsf
kl/;"rsx? ;d]t ljsf; u/L ;f] adf]lhd lghx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg k|0ffnLsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
hgzlQm Joj:Yffkg ;DaGwL sfo{x? egf{, 5gf}6, lgo'lQm, kb:yfkgf, ;?jf, a9'jf, j[lt ljsf;,
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg, k'/:sf/ tyf ;hfo / >d ;DaGw ;DaGwL of]hgf, gLlt tyf dfkb08x? tof/
u/L ;+rfns ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{ .
sd{rf/L gLlt tyf sfo{/t sd{rf/L ;+/rgfsf] ;dLIff ug]{ / Succession Planning tof/ u/L
:jLs[ltsf nflu ;+rfns ;ldlt ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
120
cg";'rL^=@
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
u7g Joj:yf
;~rfns ;ldltn] Ps hgf u}/ sfo{sf/L ;~rfnssf] ;+of]hsTjdf Pp6f hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug'{
kg]{ 5 . ;ldltsf] ;b:ox? dWo] ;Grfng -ck/];g_ ljefusf ljefuLo k|d'v ;b:o / shf{ ljefusf
ljefuLo k|d'v jf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ cnUu} OsfO{ ePdf ;f]sf] k|d'v ;b:o ;lrj x'g]5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf ;+of]hs hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] kb]g ;b:o x'g]5 . ;ldltsf] a}7s tLg dlxgfdf
slDtdf Ps k6s a:g' kg]{ 5 .
ljBdfg hf]lvd klxrfg tyf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] kof{Kttf / pko'Qmtf ;DaGwdf ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg] / pko'Qm k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;'emfj lbg] .
Joj;flos ultljlwdf lglxt hf]lvdsf] :t/, hf]lvd axg Ifdtf, hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ljsf;
u/]sf] /0fgLlt, gLltut Joj:yf / dfu{bz{gsf] lgoldt k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;f]sf] kof{Kttfsf ;DaGwdf
;+rfns ;ldltdf ;'emfj k]z ug]{ .
Joj:yfkgaf6 lgoldt ?kdf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|ltj]bg lnO{ hf]lvdsf] cf+sng, d"Nof+sg, lgoGq0f
tyf cg'udg s] s;/L eO/x]sf] 5 ;f] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug]{ / ;+rfns ;ldltdf cfjZos ;'emfj k]z
ug]{ .
hf]lvd ;DklQ cg';f/ k'+hLsf] kof{Kttf, cfGtl/s k'+hL ljZn]if0f k4lt -ICAAP_, Joj;flos /0fgLlt
cg'?k gLltut Joj:Yffsf] kof{Kttf, ;+:yfn] lng ;Sg] clwstd hf]lvd ;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kdf
5nkmn tyf ljZn]if0f u/L ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos /fo, ;'emfj lbg] .
hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf lgb]{zgdfu{lgb]{zg, ;+:yfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf
cfGtl/s ;Ldf, pko'Qm k|rng cg'?k cfjZos gLlt Pj\d ;+/rgf ljsf; ug{sf nflu ;+rfns
;ldltnfO{ ;'emfj lbg] .
s ju{sf] a}+s / /fli6o:t/sf] v ju{sf] ljsf; a}+sn] lgoldt ?kdf bjfj k/LIf0f -:6]; 6]li6_
u/L ;f]sf] kl/0ffd dfly 5nkmn u/L o;sf cfwf/df eljiodf ckgfpg'kg]{ cfjZos gLlt lgdf{0f jf
lg0f{o k|lqmofsf nflu ;+rfns ;ldltdf ;'emfj k]z ug]{ .
;+rfns ;ldltaf6 ePsf] clVtof/ k|Tofof]hgsf] ;Ldf tyf cf}lrTotf ljZn]if0f u/L ;+rfns ;ldltdf
cfjZos ;'emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ ;+/rgf, tL ;DklQx? kl/rfngsf] cj:yf, To;af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]
cfo, ;DklQx?sf] u'0f:t/df x'g] j[l4xf; / ;DklQ bfloTj ;ldlt -ALCO_ af6 ePsf sfo{x?sf]
;DaGwdf q}dfl;s ?kdf ljZn]if0f;ldIff u/L ;Grfns ;ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
cy{tGqsf] s'g} If]qdf pTkGg x'g] ;d:of jf kl/jt{gn] ;+:yfsf] ljQLo cj:yfdf kfg{ ;Sg] c;/sf]
;DaGwdf cWoog u/L ;f]sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu s] s:tf] gLlt cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ xf] cfjZos ;'emfj
;lxt ;+rfns ;ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
121
cg';"rL ^=#
>L ;~rfns ;ldlt,
ldlt M @)^===============
===================a}sljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8,
=====================================.
-b|i6Ao MMM of] laj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfnssf] kbdf lgjf{lrt jf dgf]lgt ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq / kl/jt{g
ePdf kl/jt{g ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfn] ;+rfnsaf6 of] laj/0f k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq o; a}s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . _
122
cg';"rL ^=$
;+rfnssf] gfd
afa'sf] gfd
afh]sf]kltsf]
gfd
tof/ ug]{M
k|dfl0ft ug]{M
123
k]zf,
Joj;fo
;+rfns lgo'Qm
ePsf] ldlt
;+rfnsaf6
x6]sf] ldlt
124
-3_
^=
&=
*=
(=
shf{sf] kl/df0f / jf;nft aflx/sf sf/f]af/x?df nufgL ug{ cfjZos /sd / nufgLsf] ;|f]t
aLrsf] tfnd]n
-_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]] Joj:yfkgaf6 ;~rfns ;ldlt ;dIf lgoldt ?kdf ;DklQbfloTj
;DaGwL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ Joj:yf .
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f tyf lgoGq0f
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?n] ljBdfg gLlt, lgod tyf sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf] bfo/fleq sfo{
;Dkfbg u/L cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLdf k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg ;lsg] u/L sfo{ljlwsf] ljsf; ug'{ kg]{5 .
pQm sfo{ljlw cGtu{t slDtdf b]xfosf ljifox? ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M
-s_
;+:yfsf]] oyfy{ cj:yfsf] lrq0f ug]{ tyf ;DklQ ;'/lIft x'g] u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]]
Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] ;dLIff ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw .
-v_
tYofsf] ljZj;lgotf hfFr ug]{ sfo{ljlw .
-u_
shf{ k|jfx, sf]if ;+rfng (Treasury Operation), ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg, t/ntf
Joj:yfkg, k'FhLsf]ifsf] kof{Kttf, sd{rf/L, Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf ;fy} a}+ls lgod
sfg'gx?sf] kfngf ;DaGwL Jojxf/ hfFra'em ug]{ sfo{ljlw .
-3_
;DklQsf] u'0f:t/ ;dLIff sfo{ljlw .
-_
ljQLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkg -t/ntf, ;DklQbfloTj, ljb]zL d'b|f Joj:yfkg_ sf] ;dLIff ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw
of]hgf, gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwx?sf] sfof{Gjog
a'Fbf g+= # b]lv ^ ;Dd pNn]v eP adf]lhd lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] dfu u/]sf] of]hgf, gLlt tyf
sfo{ljlwx? ;dLIffsf] nflu o; a}+ssf] ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|ult laj/0fsf] cg'udg
o; a}+saf6 a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]jf/ / k|ult ljj/0f ;DjGwdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf cg'udg ul/g]
5 . o; a}+sn]] ;DjlGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] k|To]s b'O{ dlxgfdf lqmofsnfk, of]hgf, gLlt tyf o;
a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg u/L lbPsf] ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} o;
a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbPsf] cj:Yffdf q}dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f / lgb]{zgsf] sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] k|ltj]bg ;d]t
tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf] qmddf lbOPsf
lgb]{zgx? nfu" ug]{ sfo{ tflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= &)^* adf]lhdsf] lgb]{zg tyf
;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
125
!=
@=
#=
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ljQLo ;|f]tsf] nufgLsf ;DjGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf]
bkmf &( n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L b]xfosf] lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
nufgL gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw :jLs[t u/fP/ dfq nfu" ug'{ kg]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;/sf/L ;'/If0fkq, g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkq tyf ;+ul7t ;+:Yffx?sf] z]o/ tyf
l8a]~r/df nufgL ug]{ gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fP/ dfq nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
;/sf/L ;'/If0fkq / g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkqdf nufgL ;DjGwL Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ ;/sf/L ;'/If0fkq / g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkqdf nufgL ug{ s'g} aGb]h
nufOPsf] 5}g .
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df tyf cGo nufgL ;DjGwL Joj:yf
-!_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;j{;fwf/0fdf z]o/ ljqmL u/L g]kfn lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df ;"rLs[t
eO;s]sf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df dfq nufgL ug{' kg]{5 .
t/, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df ;"rLs[t eO{g;s]sf] s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf]
z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df nufgL] u/]df nufgL u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq pQm z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/
;"rLs[t gePsf] v08df nufgL eP a/fa/sf] /sd nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf
hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sd pQm z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/ ;"rLs[t geP;Dd cGo
pkof]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
gofF v'n]sf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf u/]sf]] nufgLsf] xsdf To:tf] sDkgL ;+rfngdf cfPsf] ldltn] @
jif{leq jf nufgL u/]sf] @ jif{ leqdf pQm z]o/ ;"rLs[t gePsf] v08df nufgL eP a/fa/sf]
;Dk"0f{ /sd nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+s, ?/n dfOqmf]kmfOgfG; 8]enkd]06 ;]G6/ -RMDC_, shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| ln=,
Nepal Clearing House Ltd. / National Banking Training Institute sf] z]o/df nufgL ubf{ dfly
pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]if v8f ug'{ kg]{ ljBdfg Joj:yfdf 5'6 k|bfg ul/Psf]
5.
-@_ v ju{sf] Ohfhhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $&
sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -z_ / u ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] ;f]xL P]gsf] ;f]xL bkmfsf]
pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -k_ adf]lhd hUuf ljsf;, cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf] nflu hUuf vl/b tyf
3/ lgdf{0f h:tf kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ / To:tf 3/hUufsf] laqmL ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{
u/fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] l7s cl3Nnf] dlxgf sfod k|fylds
k'FhLsf] @% k|ltzt eGbf a9L nufgL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ pk a'Fbf -@_ df pNn]lvt afx]ssf cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f tyf
hUuf ljsf; (Housing and Land Development) kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ubf{ l7s cl3Nnf] dlxgf
sfod k|fylds k'FhLsf]] bz k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L nufgL ug{ kfpg] 5 . t/ ;f] ;LdfeGbf a9L
nufgL u/]sf] kfOPdf a9L nufgL ePsf] /sd j/fj/ k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ubf{ k|fylds k"hLaf6
36fO{ k'FhLsf]if sfod ul/g] 5 . o:tf] nufgL ubf{ klAns ln= sDkgLsf] ?kdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf
cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f tyf hUuf ljsf; sDkgLdf dfq ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s'g} Ps ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df nufgL ubf{ l7s
cl3Nnf] qodf;df sfod k|fylds k'FhLsf]] bz k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L / ;j} ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf]
z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df a9Ldf cfkm\gf] k|fylds k'FhLsf]] lt; k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L nufgL ug'{
kg]{5 . To;}u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df nufgL ubf{
126
-%_
-^_
$=
z]o/
-!_
nufgL x'g] ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] !) k|ltzt;Dd tyf 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfdf u/]sf]
nufgLsf] xsdf pQm ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] @% k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug'{ kg]{5 . nufgL
ubf{sf] cj:yfdf tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L nufgL u/]sf] kfOPdf o;/L a9L nufgL ePsf] /sd
j/fj/ k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ubf{ k|fylds k'FhLaf6 36fO{ k'FhLsf]if sfod ul/g]5 .
t/, ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] s+kgLsf] xsdf cfkm\gf] k|fylds k'FhLsf] lj; k|ltzt;Dd nufgL ug{
;Sg]5 . ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df u/]sf] s'n nufgL
/sdnfO{ k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ubf{ k|fylds k'FhLaf6 36fO{ k'FhLsf]if sfod ug'{ kg]{]5 .
d'Vo sDkgLsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt jf ;+rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf;b:o ;xfos sDkgLsf] ;+rfns
;ldlt jf ;+rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf;b:osf] ?kdf /xg kfpg] 5}gg\ . of] lgb]{zg hf/L -ldlt
@)^&.@.!)_ x'g'k"j{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf ;+rfns ;xfos sDkgLsf] klg ;+rfns /x]sfsf]
xsdf d'Vo sDkgLsf] cf;Gg klxnf] ;fwf/0f;ef jf of] kl/kq hf/L ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leqdWo]
h'g klxn] x'G5, ;f] cjlwleqdf xl6;Sg' kg]{5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hnljB't kl/of]hgf, ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg / s]jnsf/ lgdf{0f kl/of]hgf
;+rfng ug{ :yflkt klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] z]o/df nufgL u/]sf] /sd lwtf]kq ljlgdo
ahf/df ;"rLs[t eOg;s]sf To:tf kl/of]hgfx?df nufgL u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] nufgL u/]sf]
ldltn] tLg jif{leq pQm z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/ ;"rLs[t gePsf] v08df nufgL eP a/fa/sf]
;Dk"0f{ /sd nufgL ;dfof]hg sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] sf]ifdf /x]sf]
/sd pQm z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/ ;"rLs[t geP;Dd cGo s'g} klg k|of]hgsf] nflu pkof]u ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
tyf l8j]~r/ k|Tofe"lt ;DjGwL Joj:yf
s ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/ tyf l8j]Gr/ k|Tofe"lt ug{ s'g}
;Ldf nufO{Psf] 5}g . v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] xsdf b]xfo jdf]lhd
;Ldf;Dd dfq k|Tofe"lt ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf
v ju{
u ju{
%=
^=
127
&=
*=
(=
!)=
;fy}, nufgLsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ O{=k|f= lgb]{zg $)^& sf] a'Fbf g+= @ =v=# -nufgL ;DaGwL gLlt_ df
ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd g} d"Nof+sg ug]{ / o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+nUg g]=/f=a}+=lgb]{zg kmf=g+= *=@ sf]
9fFrfdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
:jk|of]hgsf] nflu crn ;DklQ vl/blgdf{0fsf] ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ cfjZos k/]df afx]s crn ;DklQ
vl/b ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g . of] Joj:yfn] v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $& sf] cwLgdf /xL 3/ hUufsf] vl/b laqmL, ljt/0f tyf
Joj:yfkg ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ hUuf, ejg jf b'j} cfjZos k/]df
b]xfosf] zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL vl/b jf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-s_
a}+sljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ubf{sf] ;Dk"0f{ k"j{ ;~rfng vr{ (Pre operating expenses)
ckn]vg eO{;s]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
-v_
k|aGwkqlgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fdf hf/L u/L ;s]kl5sf] klxnf]
;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
-u_
ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ v'b d'gfkmfdf ;+rfng ePsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
-3_
o; a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd k'FhLsf]if kof{Kt /x]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .
-_
hUuf, ejg jf b'j} vl/b tyf ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ k|ltk6s cfgf] k|fylds k"FhLsf] !% k|ltztsf]
;Ldf leq /xL ug'{kg]{ 5 .
-r_
v08 -s_ b]lv -_ ;Dd pNn]lvt cj:yf k"/f gu/L hUuf, ejg jf b'j} vl/b jf lgdf{0f u/]df
;f] a/fa/sf] /sd k|fylds k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ubf{ 36fpg' kg]{5 .
-5_
hUuf, ejg jf b'j} vl/b u/]sf] jf ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] ldltaf6 # jif{;Dd cfgf]
k|of]udf gcfPdf ;f] a/fa/sf] /sd k|fylds k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ubf{ 36fpg' kg]{5 .
-h_
To:tf] hUuf, ejg jf b'j} cfgf] k|of]hgdf gcfpg] b]lvPdf ljqmL ug'{kg]{ 5 .
nufgL ;DjGwL yk Joj:yf
-!_
s'g}klg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf cGo
;+:yfx?f/f hf/L u/]sf z]o/ ;'/If0fkq tyf xfOlj|8 k'FhL pks/0fx?df nufgL ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
t/, 3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf / o; a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnP/ nufgL u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] z]o/
nufgLsf] xsdf of] Joj:Yff nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_
nufgL ;DaGwL lgb]{zgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] k|fylds k'FhL eGgfn] ljz]if pNn]v u/]sf]df afx]s
l7s cl3Nnf] qodf;df sfod k|fylds k'FhLnfO{ a'emfpF5 .
nufgL ;DjGwL lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/]df x'g] sf/jfxL
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] nufgL ;DjGwL lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf
(( jf bkmf !)) df plNnlvt s'g} klg sf/jfxL ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] nufgL ;DjGwL Joj:yf O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= *)^* adf]lhdsf]
lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{
kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
128
qm=;+=
ljj/0f
/sd -?=_
s'n
ldlt
clws[t b:tvt
Z]fo/ ;+Vof
k/n d"No
ahf/ d"No
gfkmf-gf]S;fg_ jf sf]if
;dfof]hg /sd
s'n
ldlt
clws[t b:tvt
g]=/f= a}+s lgb]{zg kmf=g+= *=#
;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] l8j]~r/df ePsf] nufgL ljj/0f -dfl;s_
@) ======;fn ============dlxgf
-?=xhf/df_
qm=;+=
sDkgLsf] gfd
nufgL ldlt
/sd ?=
s'n
ldlt
clws[t b:tvt
129
ljefu
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu
a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefu
cg';Gwfg ljefu
v ju{sf] nflu
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu
Od]n 7]ufgf
bfistata@nrb.org.np
bsdoffsite@nrb.org.np
researchreportcb@nrb.org.np
bfistatb@nrb.org.np
130
fsidreportsdb@nrb.org.np
researchreportdb@nrb.org.np
bfistatc@nrb.org.np
fsidreportsfc@nrb.org.np
researchreportfc@nrb.org.np
bfistatd@nrb.org.np
nrbmfd@nrb.org.np
;fy}, o; lgb]{zgdf pNn]v ePb]lv afx]s o; a}+ssf] cGo ljefusfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ ljj/0fx?
lgoldt ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
*=
pk/f]Qm tYof+sx? On]S6f]lgs dfWodaf6 k7fpFbf PS;]n l;6 dfkm{t k7fpg' kg]{5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu
o; a}+ssf] j]j;fO6df /flvPsf] PS;]n l;6 Reporting Format df ePsf kmf/dx? e/L ;f]xL adf]lhd
k7fpg' kg]{5 / gePsf kmf/fdx? 5'} PS;]n l;6df agfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf cfk"mv';L
s'g} yk36 ug{ kfOg] 5}g . tYof ljj/0f s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] clgjfo{
?kdf ?= bz nfvdf (Rs. in million) / 3 ju{sf n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+sx?n] ?= xhf/df pNn]v u/L
k7fpg' kg]{5 . tYof ljj/0f g]kfnL efiffdf k7fpFbf clgjfo{ ?kdf bishall km06af6 k7fpg' kg]{5 .
o:tf] km06 o; a}+ssf] j]j;fO6 www.nrg.org.np af6 ;d]t 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
(= n3' ljQ;xsf/Lu}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;'kl/j]If0f ;DjGWfdf
o; a}+sjf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt 3 ju{sf n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?, ;Lldt a}ls sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?,
ljQLo dWo:ytf ;DjGwL sfo{ ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{ @)^& >fj0f !
b]lv n3' ljQ k|j4{g tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ljefun] ug]{ u/L tf]lsPsf] x'Fbf pQm ;+:yfx?n] ;DalGwt
;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{ egL tf]lsPsf ljj/0fx? pQm ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)= vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;:yfx?n] g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ tYof
ljj/0f ;DjGwL Joj:yf O=k|f= lgb]{zg g+= ()^* af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft
ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_ pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
131
-?=======_
!=
!=!
!=!=!
!=!=@
!=!=#=
!=!=$
!=@
!=#
!=$
!=%
!=^
!=&
!=&=!
!=&=@
!=&=#
!=&=$
!=&=%
!=&=^
!=&=&
!=*
!=(
!=!)
!=!!
@=
@=!
@=!=!
@=!=@
@=!=#
@=@
@=@=!
@=@=!=!
@=@=!=@
@=@=!=#
@=@=@
@=@=@=!
@=#
@=#=!
@=#=!=!
@=#=!=@
@=#=!=#
@=#=!=$
@=#=@
@=#=@=!
@=#=@=@
@=#=@=@
@=$
@=%
@=^
@=&
@=*
lgIf]k
#=!
#=!=!
#=!=!=!
#=!=!=!=!
rNtL
:jb]zL d'b|fdf
;+:yfut
s ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
/sd
;DklQ
!=
!=!
!=@
!=@=!
!=@=@
@=
@=!
@=!=!
@=!=@
@=!=#
@=!=$
@=!=%
@=@
@=@=!
@=@=@
@=@=#
@=@=$
@=@=%
@=@=^
@=@=^=!
@=@=^=@
#=
#=!
#=!=!
#=!=@
#=!=#
#=!=$
#=@
#=@=!
#=@=@
#=@=#
#=@=$
#=@=%
#=@=^
#=@=^=!
#=@=^=@
$=
$=!
$=!=!
$=!=@
$=!=#
$=!=$
$=!=%
$=@
$=#
$=$
$=%
$=^
%=
%=!
%=!=!
%=!=@
%=!=#
%=!=$
%=!=%
132
gub df}Hbft
:jb]zL d'b|f -l;Ssf ;d]t_
ljb]zL d'b|f
ef/tLo d'b|f
cGo ljb]zL d'b|f
a}+s df}Hbft
:jb]zL d'b|f
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf
s ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
v ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
u ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ljb]zL d'b|f
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf
s ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
v ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
u ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ljb]zL a}+sdf
ef/tdf
cGo ljb]zL d'n'sdf
dfu]sf avt k|fKt x'g] /sd
:jb]zL d'b|f
s ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
v ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
u ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ljb]zL d'b|f
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf
s ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
v ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
u ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ljb]zL a}+sdf
ef/tdf
cGo ljb]zL d'n'sdf
C0fkqdf nufgL
g]kfn ;/sf/
6]h/L ljn
ljsf; C0fkq
/fli6o art kq
ljz]if C0f kq
l/e;{ l/kf]
g]=/f=a}+s C0f kq
3 ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] C0fkq
;/sf/L u}/ ljQLo ;+:yf
cGo u}/ ljQLo ;+:yf
u}/ cfjf;Lo If]q (Non-Resident)
z]o/ tyf cGo nufgL
z]o/df nufgL
s ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
v ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
3 ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
/sd
#=!=!=!=@
#=!=!=!=#
#=!=!=!=$
#=!=!=!=%
#=!=!=!=^
#=!=!=!=&
#=!=!=!=*
#=!=!=!=(
#=!=!=!=!)
#=!=!=!=!!
#=!=!=!=!@
#=!=!=!=!#
#=!=!=!=!$
#=!=!=!=!%
#=!=!=!=!^
#=!=!=!=!&
#=!=!=!=!*
#=!=!=!=!(
#=!=!=!=@)
#=!=!=!=@!
#=!=!=!=@@
#=!=!=@
#=!=!=@=!
#=!=!=@=@
#=!=@
#=!=@=!
#=!=@=!=!
#=!=@=!=@
#=!=@=!=#
#=!=@=!=$
#=!=@=!=%
#=!=@=!=^
#=!=@=!=&
#=!=@=!=*
#=!=@=@
#=!=@=@=!
#=!=@=@=@
#=@
#=@=!
#=@=!=!
#=@=!=!=!
#=@=!=!=@
#=@=!=!=#
#=@=!=!=$
#=@=!=!=%
#=@=!=!=^
#=@=!=!=&
#=@=!=!=*
#=@=!=!=(
#=@=!=!=!)
#=@=!=!=!!
#=@=!=!=!@
#=@=!=!=!#
#=@=!=!=!$
#=@=!=!=!%
#=@=!=!=!^
#=@=!=!=!&
#=@=!=!=!*
#=@=!=!=!(
#=@=!=!=@)
#=@=!=!=@!
#=@=!=!=@@
v ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
u ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
3 ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]if
gful/s nufgL sf]if
k]G;g sf]if tyf aLdf sDkgLx?
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx?
g]kfnL ;]gf
g]kfn k|x/L
;z:q k|x/L an
:yfgLo ;/sf/
cGo ;/sf/L lgsfo
u}/ ljQLo ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
u}/ ljQLo lghL ;+:yfx?
cGo ;+:yfx?
ljb]zL a}+sx?
ljb]zL ;+:yfx?
cGo cfjf;Lo If]q
u}/cfjf;Lo If]q
JolQmut
cfjf;Lo
u}/cfjf;Lo
ljb]zL d'b|fdf
;+:yfut
s ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
v ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
cGo ;+:yfx?
ljb]zL a}+sx?
ljb]zL ;+:yfx?
cGo cfjf;Lo If]q
u}/cfjf;Lo If]q
JolQmut
cfjf;Lo
u}/cfjf;Lo
art
:jb]zL d'b|fdf
;+:yfut
s ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
v ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
u ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
3 ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]if
gful/s nufgL sf]if
k]G;g sf]if tyf aLdf sDkgLx?
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx?
g]kfnL ;]gf
g]kfn k|x/L
;z:q k|x/L an
:yfgLo ;/sf/
cGo ;/sf/L lgsfo
u}/ ljQLo ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
u}/ ljQLo lghL ;+:yfx?
cGo ;+:yfx?
ljb]zL a}+sx?
ljb]zL ;+:yfx?
cGo cfjf;Lo If]q
u}/cfjf;Lo If]q
%=!=^
%=!=&
%=!=*
%=!=(
%=!=!)
%=!=!!
%=@
%=@=!
%=@=!=!
%=@=!=@
%=@=!=#
%=@=!=$
%=@=@
%=@=@=!
%=@=@=@
%=@=@=#
%=@=@=$
%=#
%=$
%=%
%=%=!
%=%=!=!
%=%=!=@
%=%=!=#
%=%=!=$
%=%=!=%
%=%=!=^
%=%=!=&
%=%=!=*
%=%=!=(
%=%=!=!)
%=%=@
%=%=@=!
%=%=@=@
%=%=@=#
%=%=@=$
%=%=@=%
%=%=@=^
%=%=@=&
%=%=@=*
%=%=@=(
%=%=@=!)
%=^
%=^=!
%=^=@
^=
^=!
^=!=!
^=!=!=!
^=!=!=@
^=!=!=#
^=!=!=$
^=!=!=%
^=!=!=^
^=!=!=&
^=!=!=*
^=!=!=(
^=!=!=!)
^=!=!=!!
^=!=@
^=!=@=!
^=@=!=@
133
#=@=!=@
#=@=!=@=!
#=@=!=@=@
#=@=@
#=@=@=!
#=@=@=!=!
#=@=@=!=@
#=@=@=!=#
#=@=@=!=$
#=@=@=!=%
#=@=@=!=^
#=@=@=!=&
#=@=@=!=*
#=@=@=@
#=@=@=@=!
#=@=@=@=@
#=#
#=#=!
#=#=!=!
#=#=!=!=!
#=#=!=!=@
#=#=!=!=#
#=#=!=!=$
#=#=!=!=%
#=#=!=!=^
#=#=!=!=&
#=#=!=!=*
#=#=!=!=(
#=#=!=!=!)
#=#=!=!=!!
#=#=!=!=!@
#=#=!=!=!#
#=#=!=!=!$
#=#=!=!=!%
#=#=!=!=!^
#=#=!=!=!&
#=#=!=!=!*
#=#=!=!=!(
#=#=!=!=@)
#=#=!=!=@!
#=#=!=!=@@
#=#=!=@
#=#=!=@=!
#=#=!=@=@
#=#=@
#=#=@=!
#=#=@=!=!
#=#=@=!=@
#=#=@=!=#
#=#=@=!=$
#=#=@=!=%
#=#=@=!=^
#=#=@=!=&
#=#=@=!=*
#=#=@=@
#=#=@=@=!
#=#=@=@=@
#=$
#=$=!
#=$=!=!
#=$=!=!=!
#=$=!=!=@
JolQmut
cfjf;Lo
u}/cfjf;Lo
ljb]zL d'b|fdf
;+:yfut
s ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
v ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
cGo ;+:yfx?
ljb]zL a}+sx?
ljb]zL ;+:yfx?
cGo cfjf;Lo If]q
u}/cfjf;Lo If]q
JolQmut
cfjf;Lo
u}/cfjf;Lo
d'2tL
:jb]zL d'b|fdf
;+:yfut
s ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
v ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
u ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
3 ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]if
gful/s nufgL sf]if
k]G;g sf]if tyf aLdf sDkgLx?
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx?
g]kfnL ;]gf
g]kfn k|x/L
;z:q k|x/L an
:yfgLo ;/sf/
cGo ;/sf/L lgsfo
u}/ ljQLo ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
u}/ ljQLo lghL ;+:yfx?
cGo ;+:yfx?
ljb]zL a}+sx?
ljb]zL ;+:yfx?
cGo cfjf;Lo If]q
u}/cfjf;Lo If]q
JolQmut
cfjf;Lo
u}/cfjf;Lo
ljb]zL d'b|fdf
;+:yfut
s ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
v ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
cGo ;+:yfx?
ljb]zL a}+sx?
ljb]zL ;+:yfx?
cGo cfjf;Lo If]q
u}/cfjf;Lo If]q
JolQmut
cfjf;Lo
u}/cfjf;Lo
dfu]sf] avt lbg'kg]{ /sd
:jb]zL d'b|fdf
;+:yfut
s ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
v ju{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt;+:yfx?
^=@=!=#
u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?
^=@=!=$
cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx?
^=@=!=%
u}/ljQLo ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?
^=@=!=%
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141
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o; cGt/ut kg{] cfjlws shf{ (Term Loan) eGgfn] k'+hLut k|s[ltsf] vr{sf] nflu Ps jif{eGbf j9L cjlwsf] nflu
k|jfx ePsf] shf{nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 . Ps jif{eGbf sd cjlwsf] cfjlws shf{ ePdf l8df08 tyf cGo rfn" k'FhL shf{
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zLif{sdf g} hgfpg' kg{]5 .
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cf]e/8f6 ;'ljwf pknJw u/fpg kfpg] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfgf JolQmut jf ;+:yfut u|fxsx?nfO{ cf]e/8f6
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$= l8df08 tyf cGo rfn" k'FhL shf{ M
l8df08 tyf cGo rfn" k'FhL shf{ cGt/ut Hypothecation, Working Capital, Short Term Loan, Demand Loan,
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5.1.2
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5.2.2.2
5.2.2.3
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nufgL
(Lending)
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155
s}lkmot
1=6
1=7
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ljj/0f
s'n k'FhL tyf bfloTj - !=! b]lv !=& ;Dd _
r'Qmf k'FhL
hu]8f tyf sf]ifx?
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c= :jb]zL d'b|f
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cfos/ bfloTj
cGo bfloTj
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shf{ afx]s_
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shf{
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o; qodf;
cl3Nnf] qodf;
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2=6
2=7
3=
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3=2
s
3=3
3=4
3=5
v
3=6
3=7
u
3=8
#
3=9
3=10
3=11
r
3=12
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%
4=
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o;
cl3Nnf]
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156
laj/0f
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157
================================================== lnld6]8
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158
/sd
=========== lnld6]8
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
shf{
Go"gtd
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Go"gtd
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159
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160
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dfu]sf avt k|fKt x'g] /sd
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v ju{sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ;+:yfdf
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kmf/fdsf pkzLif{sx?df ePsf sf/f]jf/x? lglb{i6 :yfgdf clgjfo{ ?kdf b]vfO{ To;sf] hf]8 k|To]s pkzLif{s x'b} d"n zLif{s;Dd ug'{ kg]{5 .
hdfgt
ckl/jTo{ shf{ k|lta4tf (Irrevocable Loan Commitment)
cfos/ jfkt ;Defljt bfloTj
Acceptance ;lxt cGo ;j} k|sf/sf ;Defljt bfloTjx?
r'Qmf jf e'Qmfg x'g af+sL z]o/ nufgL
e'QmfgLsf] nflu bfjL k/]sf] hdfgt
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161
========================================== lnld6]8
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%= hf]lvd ;DaGwL Joj:yfaf6
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1=1
1=2
1=3
1=4
1=5
1=5=1
1=5=2
1=6
1=7
2=
2=1
2=2
2=3
2=4
2=5
2=6
2=7
3=
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s
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v
3=6
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r
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%
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164
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165
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166
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Go"gtd
1
2
3
4
4.1
4.2
5
clwstd
/sd
s}lkmot
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;xLM
gfdM
bhf{M
ldltM
k]z ug]{M
;xLM
gfdM
bhf{M
ldltM
-q}dfl;s_
qm=;+=
Aofh b/
shf{sf] k|sf/
Go"gtd
!
@
#
$
%
clwstd
/sd
s[lif
3/]n' tyf n3' pBf]u
;]jf Jofj;fo
yf]s shf{
cGo
s'n
tof/ ug]{M
;xLM
gfdM
bhf{M
ldltM
k]z ug]{M
;xLM
gfdM
bhf{M
ldltM
167
s}lkmot
ljifo
tYofsf]
lsl;d
dfl;s
Ps dlxgfleq
dfl;s
Ps dlxgfleq
q}dfl;s
Ps dlxgfleq
c4{jflif{s
Ps dlxgfleq
dfl;s
!% lbg leq
#=@
cw{jflif{s
! dlxgfleq
q}dfl;s
q}dfl;s
!% lbg leq
!% lbg leq
;fKtflxs
& lbgleq
dfl;s
!% lbg leq
-s ju{sf] nflu_
%=!
%=@
%=#
(=!, (=@, (=#, (=#-s_, dfl;s tYof ljj/0f
(=$, (=&, (=*, (=(,
(=!%, (=!^, (=!& /
(=!*
(=%, (=^, (=^=!, (=!),
q}dfl;s tYof ljj/0f
(=!! / (=!@
(=!#
cGt/a}+s sf/f]af/ ljj/0f
q}dfl;s
!% lbg leq .
b}lgs
sfof{no ;doleq
q}dfl;s
#% lbg leq .
dfl;s
!% lbg leq
q}dfl;s
Ps dlxgfleq
q}dfl;s
#% lbg leq
!!=!
q}dfl;s
#) lbg leq
!#=!
!#=@ -3 ju{sf] nflu_
;fKtflxs
dfl;s
;ft lbgleq
!% lbg leq
dfl;s
!% lbg leq
Aofhb/ ljj/0f
q}dfl;s
sf/f]jf/sf]
cfwf/df
sf/f]jf/sf] ldltn]
!% lbg leq
(=!$
3(=!, 3(=@ / 3(=&
-3 ju{sf] ;+:yfsf] nflu_
3(=#, 3(=$,
3(=* / 3(=(
-3 ju{sf] nflu_
3(=%
-3 ju{sf] nflu_
!#=#
!(=#
!(=$
gf]6M
168
169
-(_
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] kGw| k|ltzt eGbf sd z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgLn]
yk z]o/ gfd;f/L jf vl/b u/L ln+bf lghsf] :jfldTjdf pQm Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
r'Qmf k'FhLsf] kGw| k|ltzt eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj x'g] cj:yf ePsf], jf
-!)_ kmd{, sDkgLsf] xsdf ljut @ jif{b]lv ;+lrt d'gfkmfdf ;+rfngdf g/x]sf] .
-!!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DjGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf ( / !! jdf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cjlw /
zt{ k"/f gu/]sf],
-!@_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 hf/L ePsf] z]o/sf] dfu /sd r'Qmfe'QmfgL gu/]sf],
-!#_ ;+:yfks z]o/ vl/bljqmL kl5 sfod x'g cfpg] s'n ;+:Yffksx?dWo] Ps ltxfO{
;b:ox? :gfts jf ;f] ;/xsf] of]Uotf k|fKt x'g'kg]{df ;f] cj:Yff ljBdfg /xg g;Sg]
b]lvPsf], jf
-!$_ o; a}+sn] ;do ;dodf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks x'g tf]s]sf] Go"gtd of]Uotf /
cg'ej gePsf]
-!^_ o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf ;lxtsf] lgj]bg k]z gu/]sf / k|rlnt sfg'gn] cof]Uo 7x/
u/]sf] .
-r_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ kmd{sDkgLsf] z]o/
:jfldTj s'g} klg lsl;dn] x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 ;f] kmd{ tyf sDkgLn] o; a}+saf6 :jLs[lt
lng' kg]{5 . Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ sDkgLsf]
z]o/ csf]{ s'g} sDkgLn] vl/b u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] sDkgLsf] z]o/ klg s'g} klg lsl;dn]
x:tfGt/0f ug'{cl3 o; a}+saf6 :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-5_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ vl/b ubf{ ;+:yfks z]o/wgLxn]
tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf Pj+ ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{] Ohfhtkq ;DjGwL gLltut
Pj+ k|s[ofut Aoj:yfM @)^# sf] ;+zf]lwt cg';"rL # sf] a'Fbf g+= !^ sf] ljj/0f_ nufgL x'g]
/sdsf] cfo;|f]t;DaGwL ljj/0f clgjfo{ kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] sf] clen]v ;DalGwt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{ tyf ;f] ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ clen]vsf] k|ltlnlk o; a}+ssf]
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefudf ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf vl/b u/L lng] cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfn] bkmf ! / @ df
pNn]v ePsf] k|lqmof gk'ofO{ cfgf] :jfldTjsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ .
o; a}+sn] ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL ug{ :jLs[lt lbPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf leq cfgf]
:jfldTjsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f] cjlw kZrft\ ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ laqmL ug{
lbOPsf] :jLs[lt :jtM /2 x'g]5 .
o; a}+saf6 ljleGg ldltdf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL ug{ :jLs[lt lnP/ of] lgb]{zg
hf/L ePsf] ldlt;Dd klg z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL u/L g;s]sf z]o/wgLx?n] k'gM o; lgb]{zg cg'?ksf]
k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ dfq cfgf] :jfldTjsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
;+:yfks jf ;f] ;d"xsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf vl/b u/L lng] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] o; lgb]{zg ljkl/t x'g] u/L cfgf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL u/]df o;/L lgb]{zg ljkl/t cfgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf
laqmL ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfx? lghx?n] cfgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL u/]sf] ldltn] sDtLdf
kfFr jif{;Dd csf]{ s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]] ;+:yfks x'g tyf s'g} klg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns x'g
of]Uo x'g] 5}gg\ .
o; a}+sf/f hf/L a}+sljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf Pj+ ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{] Ohfhtkq ;DjGwL gLltut Pj+
k|s[ofut Joj:yfM @)^# n] u/]sf] gLltut Joj:yf cg';f/ o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s'g} Ps a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/df nufgL ubf{ r'Qmf k"FhLsf] a9Ldf !% k|ltzt / cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?df r'Qmf k"FhLsf] a9Ldf ! k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
t/, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] %) k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L :jfldTj ePsf ljQLo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt sd{rf/L ;+ro
sf]if, gful/s nufgL sf]if / /fli6o aLdf ;+:yfgsf] xsdf a9Ldf !% k|ltztsf] ;Ldf sfod x'g] u/L Ps
eGbf a9L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;+:yfks z]o/ nufgL ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
pQm gLlt nfu" ePsf] ldltn] % jif{leq -cyf{t @)^* c;f/ d;fGtleq_ df tf]lsPsf] ;Ldfleq z]o/
:jfldTj sfod gug]{ tyf ;f] ;LdfeGbf a9L z]o/ wf/0f ug]{ ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?sf] xsdf tf]lsPsf]
;Ldfleq gcfP;Dd ;DalGwt a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffaf6 ljt/0f ul/g] gub nfef+; tyf af]g; z]o/ /f]Ssf
/fvL ;DalGwt ;+:Yffaf6 hf/L ul/g] xsk|b z]o/df ;xefuL x'g aGb]h nufOPsf] 5 . ;fy} To:tf] a}+s tyf
170
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!@=
!#=
!$=
!%=
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ufEgufleg lgb]{zg lbg ;lsg]5 . t/ o; lgb]{zgn] ;DalGwt ;+:yfksx?n] rfx]sf]
v08df xsk|b z]o/ xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ eg] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
dfly plNnlvt ;+:yfks z]o/wgLsf] z]o/ :jfldTj @)^* cfiff9 d;fGtdf tf]lsPsf] ;Ldfleq Nofpg'
kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ @)^( cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd sfod ul/Psf] / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
sf] bkmf !! adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] xsdf s] s:tf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ ;Ldfleq Nofpg] xf] ;f] ;DaGwL
sfo{of]hgf @)^* efb| d;fGtleq a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg tyf ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf
clgjfo{ ?kdf cfO{k'Ug] u/L k]z ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
k|rlnt sfg'g / o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug]{u/fpg] ;Gbe{df a+}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] wf/0f u/]sf
;+:yfks z]o/, ;+:yfks ;+:yfks jLrdf x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfO{ k/]df o; a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{
k|lt JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL, ;+:yf tyf ;d"xsf] !% k|ltztsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L ePdf ;d]t vl/b ljqmL ug{
jfwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g . t/, o;/L wf/0f u/]sf z]o/ !% k|ltztsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf pQm
z]o/ cfkm"n] wf/0f u/]sf] ldltn] % jif{ leq ljqmL ljt/0f u/L clgjfo{ ?kdf !% k|ltztsf] ;Ldf leq NofO{
;Sg' kg]{5 .
pk/f]Qm tf]lsPsf] ;Ldfleq sfod g/x]sf a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:Yffks z]o/wgLx?nfO{ pQm
;Ldfleq gcfP;Dd ;DalGwt a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffaf6 ljt/0f x'g] gub nfef+;, af]g; z]o/ / xsk|b
z]o/df ;xefuL x'g aGb]h nufOPsf] 5 .
;+:yfkssf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf vl/b u/L lng] JolQm jf ;+:yf klg ;+:yfksx?sf]
;d"xdf /xg] u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf clgjfo{ ?kdf ;+zf]wg ug]{ Joj:yf
ug'{ kg]{5 .
o; a}+saf6 :jLs[lt glnO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL u/]sf]
nut sf u/L lbPdf To:tf ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)) adf]lhd sf/jfxL
x'g]5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/df ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?af6 nufgL ug]{]
;DjGwdf
o; a}+saf6 O{hfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf jf Ohfhtkqsf] nflu gofF lgj]bg k]z x'g] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/df k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd ;+:yflkt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;+:yfut
?kdf nufgL ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu z]o/ ljqmL cfJxfg u/L ljj/0fkq ;d]t hf/L u/L z]o/sf]
z'? lg:sf;g -Initial Public Offering_ sf] dfWodaf6 z]o/ wf/0f u/L sfod x'g cfPsf z]o/wgLx?
afx]s ;+:yfks, ;+:yfks ;d"x / Private Placement sf] dfWodaf6 :jb]zL jf ljb]zL JolQm jf ;+:yfn]
wf/0f u/]sf]] z]o/ ;d]t o; a}+ssf] lgodg k|of]hgfy{ ;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ ;/x dflgg]] 5 .
;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug{ egL 5'ofOPsf] lwtf]kq ;DalGwt ;+:yfks, ;+rfns jf lghsf kl/jf/n] lng
kfpg] 5}gg\ . t/, To:tf] lwtf]kqsf] b/vf:t v'Nnf /xg] egL tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq k"/f laqmL gePsf]
cj:yfdf eg] of] k|ltaGw nfu" x'g] 5}g .
;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ wf/0f u/]sf z]o/wgLn] ;+:yfks ;d"x afx]s cGo ;d"xaf6
;+rfnsdf pDd]b\jf/L lbg kfpg] 5}g .
b'O{ k|ltzteGbf 36L z]o/ vl/b ljqmL ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] b'O{ -@_ k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf sd z]o/ lnPsf ;+:yfks
z]o/wgLx?sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;+:yfks z]o/ k|rlnt P]g sfg'g tyf b]xfosf zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /xL
ljBdfg ;+:yfksx?aLr jf cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ vl/bljqmL ug{sf] nflu o; a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{
/xg' kg]{ 5}g . gofF ;+:yfksx?n] o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 / Fit and Proper Test sf] Joj:yfnfO{
kl/kfngf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . b'O{ k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ wf/0f u/]sf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?sf] xsdf eg]
o; k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+:yfks z]o/ v08Ls[t u/L b'O{ k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf sd u/L o:tf] ;'lawf pkof]u
ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-s_= ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?sf] d[To' ePsf], jf k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd kfl/jfl/s c+zj08f ePdf jf
cbfntsf] cfb]z ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DjlGwt xsjfnfnfO{ k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd x:tfGt/0f ug{
;lsg] 5 .
-v_= d[To' eO{ jf k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd kfl/jfl/s c+zj08f xs x:tfGt/0f ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s
;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] cfgf] ;+:yfks z]o/ x:tfGt/0f ubf{ ljBdfg ;+:yfks z]o/wgLnfO{ g}
171
-u_=
-3_=
-_=
-r_=
-5_=
-h_=
-em_=
-`_=
k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 . ljBdfg ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?n] pQm z]o/ vl/b ug{ grfx]df ;f]sf]
lnlvt hfgsf/L lnO{ cGo ;d"x jf jfX\o JolQm;+:yfnfO{ j]rljvg ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;Dk"0f{
;+:yfksx?sf] lnlvt ;xdlt lng ;Dej gePdf ;DjlGwt a}+sljQLo ;:yf dfkm{t
/fli6o:t/sf] klqsfdf sDtLdf #% lbgsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L hfgsf/L u/fpg] / ;f]
cjlwleq s;}n] vl/b ug{ rfx]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L k]z x'g gcfPdf dfq k|rlnt sfg'gsf]
cwLgdf /xL cGo JolQm;+:yfnfO{ ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ JolQm;+:yfnfO{ ;f]xL ;+:yfks ;d"xdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
Pp6f a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ o; a}sjf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt cGo s, v / u ju{sf a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? / ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] vl/b ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ .
a'Fbf g+= @ sf] v08 -_ df pNn]lvt cof]Uotf ePsf] JolQm;+:yf ;+:yfks z]o/ vl/blaqmL
ug]{ sfo{df ;xefuL x'g kfpg] 5}gg\ .
;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ vl/b ug]{ ePdf pQm ;+:yfsf] sfo{p2]Zodf z]o/ vl/bljqmL ug{
kfpg]gkfpg] olsg u/L ljut @ cfly{s jif{b]lv ;+rfng d'gfkmfdf /x]sf] ljQLo ljj/0f Plsg u/]/
dfq ljqmL ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, pQm ;+ul7t ;+:Yffsf] ;+rfnsx? ;d]t shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| lnld6]8sf]
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z gePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
s'g} JolQm kmd{, sDkgL, Psf3/ kl/jf/ jf ;+ul7t ;+:Yffjf6 ;+:Yffks z]o/df nufgL ubf{ o;
a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s'g} Ps a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffdf a9Ldf !% k|ltzt / cGo a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?df r'Qmf k'FhLsf] a9Ldf ! k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] x'Fbf
;f] ;DaGwL cj:yf ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] osLg u/]kl5 dfq ;+:yfks z]o/
vl/bljqmL sfo{ x'g ;Sg]5 .
dfly v08 3, / r df plNnlvt cj:Yff k"/f eP gePsf] jf/] ;DjlGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;+rfns ;ldltn] cfFk}m osLg u/]/ dfq ;+:yfksx?sf] :jfldTj nut lstfjdf kl/jt{g u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
;+:yfks z]o/ vl/blaqmL ;DaGwL :jLs[lt ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldltn] g} k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
z]o/wgLx?n] vl/bljqmL ug]{ ;+:yfks z]o/sf] d"No / ;DjlGwt lgsfox?df nfUg] s/, b:t'/,
;]jf z'Ns k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
r'Qmf k'FhLsf] @ k|ltzteGbf a9L ;+:yfks z]o/ wf/0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] z]o/ 6'qmf 6'qmf
u/L jf Psd'i6 ?kdf ;+:yfks ;d"xdf g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ ljqmL ug{' k/]sf] v08df z]o/
ljqmLx:tfGt/0f jf gfd;f/L ug{ o; a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;+:yfks z]o/ lwtf] /fvL shf{ lnPsf] cj:yfdf shf{ c;'nLsf
kof{Kt pkfox? cjnDag ubf{ ;d]t pQm shf{ c;'npk/ x'g g;sL pQm ;+:yfks z]o/ g}
hkmt ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf x'g uPsf] cj:yfdf / k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ laqmL ug'{kg]{ afWofTds cj:yfdf z]o/ ;+Vof / cf}lrTosf cfwf/df
hkmt ul/Psf]afWofTds ?kdf ljqmL ug'{ kg]{ pQm ;+:yfks z]o/ ljqmL ug{sf nflu
vl/bstf{sf] klxrfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] k|s[of cjnDag ug{ ;lsg] 5 M
;+:yfks z]o/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf u/L af]nsaf]n -uf]Ko l;N86]08/_ sf] dfWodaf6
k|rlnt sfg'g / g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] gLlt Pj+ lgb{]zg ljkl/t gx'g] u/L ;DalGwt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ljBdfg ;+:yfks z]o/wgL nufot cGo OR5's JolQm, kmd{ sDkgL
tyf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ ljqmL ug{ vl/bstf{ 5gf}6 ug{,
k|rlnt sfg'g tyf ljBdfg lgb{]zgdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd o;/L ;+:yfks z]o/ vl/b
ug{] vl/bstf{ ;+:yfks ;d"xdf g} kg{] Joxf]/f ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fpg] . ;+:yfks z]o/
vl/bstf{ klxrfg eO{;s]kl5 r'Qmf kF"hLsf] @ k|ltzteGbf 36L ;+:yfks z]o/ wf/0f ug]{
;+:yfks z]o/wgLsf] ;+:yfks z]o/sf] xsdf dfly pNn]lvt k|s[of ckgfO{ z]o/ ljqmL jf
gfd;f/L ug{' kg{] . t/, r'[Qmf k'FhLsf] @ k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj wf/0f u/]sf]
cj:yfdf z]o/ ljqmLx:tfGt/0f jf gfd;f/L ;DaGwL k|s[of o; a}+saf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt
ePkl5 dfq cl3 a9\g] .
172
-6_=
!^=
;+:yfks z]o/ laqm]tf shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| lnld6]8sf] sfnf];"rLdf ;"rLs[t /lx/x]sf] eP To:tf]
;+:yfks z]o/ ljqmLaf6 k|fKt x'g cfpg] /sd clgjfo{ ?kdf shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu
pkof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-7_= plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL z]o/ vl/bljqmL u/L gofF sfod ePsf ;+:yfks
z]o/wgLx? ;lxtsf] cBfjlws ljj/0f !% lbgleq o; a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-8_= dfly pNn]lvt k|s[of gk'ofO{ ;+:yfks z]o/ vl/blaqmL ul/Psf] cj:Yffdf b]xfosf sf/jfxL
x'g]5g\
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfM g]kfn /fi6 a}+s, P]g @)%* sf] bkmf !)) adf]lhd ;r]t u/fpg]
nufotsf cGo sf/jfxL . ljqm]tf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLsf xsdf h'g a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ xf] ;f]xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hkmt ug{ ;Sg] .
vl/bljqmLstf{ MgofF ;+:yfkgf x'g] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/df nufgL
ug{ / s'g} klg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf] ?kdf /xg vl/bljqmL u/]sf]
ldltn] % jif{;Dd of]Uo gx'g] .
-9_= k|rlnt P]g, sfg'g / o; a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf gLlt lgb]{zgx?df s'g} kl/dfh{g ePdf ;f]xL
adf]lhd plNnlvt Joj:Yffdf kl/dfh{g ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
%! k|ltzteGbf a9Lsf] ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ ljqmL ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DjGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (-@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfodf plNnlvt
zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /xL %! k|ltzteGbf a9L ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?n] rfx]df ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ :jfldTj slDtdf %! k|ltzt sfod /xg]
u/L af+sL z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/ ;/x bf];|f] k'FhL jhf/ -Secondary Capital Market_ dfkm{t sf/f]jf/
ug{ ;Sg]] 5g\ .
-s_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;~rfng ePsf] % jif{ k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_
;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ :jfldTj slDtdf %! k|ltzt sfod} /xg' kg]{5 .
-u_
%! k|ltzteGbf a9L ePsf] z]o/ :jfldTj lwt]fkq ljlgdo ahf/ lnld6]8 dfkm{t vl/b
ljqmLkl/0ft ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+:yfksx?sf] z]o/ nufgLsf] cg'kftdf ;dfg'kflts ?kdf
(Pro-rata basis) a9L x'g] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fdf kl/0ft u/L k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd lwtf]kq
ljlgdo jhf/ lnld6]8 dfkm{t\ vl/bljqmL ug{ ;lsg] 5 . xfn ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;~rfng ePsf]
% jif{ k"/f u/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o; Joj:yf cg'?k z]o/ ljqmL ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
t/, s'g} ;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xdf /x]sf] z]o/wgLn] dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] z]o/x? csf]{
;d"xdf kl/0ft ug{ grfx]sf] egL :jM3f]if0ff ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] cj:yf /x]5 eg] afFsL /x]sf
;b:ox?n] ;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ :jldTj %! k|ltzteGbf sd gx'g] u/L To:tf]
z]o/ cg'kft pkof]u ug{ kfpg] 5g\ .
-3_
o; ;DjGwdf ;DjlGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt o; a}+saf6
:jLs[lt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5 cfufdL ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 k|aGwkq tyf
lgodfjnLdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg u/L ;f]xL adf]lhd z]o/ ;+/rgf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . ;f] adf]lhd
k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg geP;Dd o;/L vl/bljqmL kl/0ft x'g] z]o/sf]
c+z ;+:yfks ;d"xdf g} /x]sf] dflgg] 5 .
-_
k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ubf{ ;~rfns ;ldltdf klg z]o/ :jfldTj cg'?k k|ltlglwTj
x'g] u/L ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-r_
Psk6s ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/df kl/0ft e};s]sf] z]o/ k'gM ;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/df
kl/0ft ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-5_
;+:yfks ;d"xdf /x]sf] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/df kl/0ft u/L ljqmL ug]{ JolQm;+:yf
sfnf];"rLdf /x]sf] ePdf lghsf] z]o/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
dfq ljqmL ug{ kfOg] 5 . sfnf];"rLdf /x]g/x]sf] Joxf]/f ;DjlGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g}
osLg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-h_
o; Joj:yf cg'?k ljqmLkl/0ft ug]{ sfo{ Psk6s dfq ug{ kfOg] 5 .
-em_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] cj:Yffdf ;d]t ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/
o; Joj:yf cg'?k ;j{;fwf/0fdf kl/0ft ug{ jfwfkg]{ 5}g . t/, vl/bljqmL ;DjGwL k|lqmof
k|rlnt sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
173
!&=
!*=
!(=
!(=!
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k'FhL j[l Pj+ k'FhL ;+/rgf kl/jt{g ug{ rfx]df b]xfosf zt{sf] clwgdf /xL ug{
;Sg]
-s_
k'FhL j[lkl5 s'n k'FhLdf ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/ :jfldTjsf] cg'kft k'FhL j[l cl3 sfod /x]sf]
;j{;fwf/0f z]o/ :jfldTjsf] cg'kfteGbf sdL gx'g] u/L dfq k'FhL j[l ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd cfly{s jif{ @)^$.^% b]lv @)&) cfiff9 d;fGt;Dddf tf]lsPsf]
r'Qmf k'FhL k"/f ug'{kg]{ ;+:yf afx]ssf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tof/ u/L k]z u/]sf]] k'FhL of]hgf
cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k'FhL sfod ug{ Right Re-nounce ug]{ k|of]hg afx]s
Ohfhkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k'FhL a[l4 ubf{ ;+:yfks ;d"xdf gofF z]o/wgL yk ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
-u_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k'FhL j[l Pj+ k'FhL ;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g ug{ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd
;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efljz]if ;fwf/0f ;efjf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_
o; sfo{sf nflu o; cl3 ;}flGts ;xdlt lbO;s]sf] cj:yfdf pQm ;}4flGts ;xdltdf
pNn]lvt zt{sf] clwgdf /xL sfof{Gjog ug{ eg] o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^^
sf] O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= !))^^ sf] a'Fbf g+= !^ -a}=lj=lg=lj=gLltkl/kq#)^%.^^ ldlt
@)^%.$.@* sf] kl/kq_ df ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd ;+:yfks z]o/sf] cg'kft yk ug{ :jLs[lt
k|fKt u/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+= !^ cg';f/sf] ;+:yfks z]o/
;j{;fwf/0fdf kl/jt{g kl/0ft ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ . ;fy}, ;f] sf] clen]vsf nflu z]o/
k'l:tsfdf clen]vLs/0f u/L k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf pQm ljifo v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
Cross Holding u/L nufgL ul//x]sf] ;+:yfks z]o/ ljqmL ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DjGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $* sf] pkbkmf -!_ -5_ sfof{Gjog ug]{u/fpg]
l;nl;nfdf ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf (-@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfosf zt{x?df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffx?n]
cfk;df Cross-holding x'g] u/L nufgL u/]sf] ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ lwtf]kq ljlgdo jhf/ dfkm{t
vl/bljqmL ug{] ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf nufgLdf /lx/x]sf]
;+:yfks ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/ g]kfn lwtf]kq ljlgdo jhf/ dfkm{t vl/bljqmL ug{ ;Sg]
u/L 5'6 k|bfg ul/Psf] .
-@_
;+:yfks z]o/ gfd;f/L jf ljqmL ubf{ ljBdfg ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?sf] ?kdf /lx/x]sf cGo
;b:ox?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ ljBdfg PsLs[t lgb]{zg g+= !) sf] Joj:Yff o; k|of]hgsf]
nflu nfu" gx'g] .
-#_
g]kfn lwtf]kq ljlgdo jhf/ dfkm{t z]o/ vl/b ug]{ JolQm;+:yf ;d]t ;+:yfks ;d'xdf g}
sfod /xg] .
-$_
;+:Yffks ;d"xsf] z]o/ vl/bstf{ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| ln= sf] sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z gePsf] x'g'kg]{
/ k|rlnt sfg'g tyf o; a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf lgb]{zg jdf]lhd ;+:yfks z]o/;+:yfks
;d"xsf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ cof]Uo gePsf] :jM3f]if0ff (Self Declaration) z]o/ vl/b ubf{sf]
cj:Yffdf g} k]z ug'{ kg]{ .
-%_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o; lgb]{zg adf]lhd cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df cfkm"n]
nufgL u/]sf] ;+:yfks z]o/ o; lgb]{zg adf]lhd clgjfo{?kdf j]rljvg u/L ;Sg' kg]{ .
-^_
z]o/ vl/b ljqmL ;DjGwL cGo Aoj:yf tyf k|s[ofsf ;DjGwdf k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ g} x'g] .
-&_
lwtf]kq ljlgod jhf/ dfkm{t Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] vl/bljqmL u/]sf ;+:yfks z]o/x?
lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/ dfkm{t k'gM vl/b ljqmL ug ;lsg] . t/ o;/L z]o/ vl/b ug]{
JolQm;+:yfx? ;DalGwt ;+:yfks ;d"xd} /xg] .
-*_
o;/L JolQm tyf ;+:yfn] k'gM z]o/ vl/bljqmL ug]{ ;DaGwdf dfly pNn]lvt pka'Fbf g+= % df
pNn]v ePsf] Joj:yf afx]ssf cGo ;Dk"0f{ a'Fbfsf Joj:yfx? cfslif{t x'g] .
Cross Holding ljqmL u/]kl5 dfq nfef+; km's'jf ug]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cGo Ohfhkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df u/]sf] ;+:yfks
z]o/ nufgL (Cross Holding) @)^% r}qd;fGtleq laqmL (Divest) u/L ;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df pQm
Joj:yfsf]] kfngf gu/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL ul/g] 5 .
174
;+:yfks z]o/ nufgL -Cross Holding_ cGTo ug]{ ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf kfngf gu/]sf a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] xsk|b z]o/ vl/b ug{ gkfpg], gub nfef+;, af]g; z]o/nfO{ /f]Ssf /fVg] /
/f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf]g; z]o/ nufot ;j} Cross Holding ljqmL -Divest_ u/]kl5 dfq gub
nfef+; km's'jf ul/g] 5 .
v=
tf]lsPsf] ;do leq klg a]rljvg gu/]sf ;+:yfnfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
sf] bkmf &$ adf]lhd sf/jfxL ul/g] 5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# afx]s cGo k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd :yfkgf eO{ lgIf]k kl/rfng
tyf shf{sf] sf/f]jf/ ul//x]sf ;+:yfn] o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt -s, v / u ju{sf_ a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/df u/]sf] nufgL @)^% cfiff9 d;fGtleq ljqmL gu/]sf] ePdf To:tf]
;+:yfks z]o/df nufgL u/]sf ;+:yfnfO{ xsk|b z]o/gub nfef+; ljt/0f ug{ gkfOg], af]g; z]o/nfO{
/f]Ssf /fVg] / /f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf]g; z]o/ nufot ;j} Cross Holding ljqmL -Divest_ u/]kl5 dfq gub
nfef+; km's'jf ug'{ kg]{5 .
xsk|b z]o/ ;DaGwdf
!=
xsk|b z]o/ laqmL ;DaGwdf
-s_
tf]lsPsf] k'FhLsf]if cg'kft sfod u/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] xsdf xsk|b z]o/
hf/L ubf{ a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf & -!_ adf]lhd ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
ljqmL ljt/0f ul/Psf] z]o/ wf/0f ug]{ s'g} z]o/wgLn] vl/b gu/]df jf z]o/ vl/b ug]{ xs
cnfO{ laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f gu/]df To;/L laqmL x'g g;s]sf] xsk|b z]o/sf] c+z v08 -u_
df pNn]lvt cj:yfdf afx]s cGo cj:yfdf :jtM vf/]h ug'{ kg]{]5 .
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]lhd vf/]h ug'{ k/]sf] cj:yfdf k|To]s jif{ ;dfg'kflts kdf r'Qmf k'FhL
j[l4 ub]}{ n}hfg' kg]{ o; a}+ssf] k|fjwfg kfngf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu To:tf] vf/]hL ug'{
k/]sf] z]o/sf] /sdsf] xb;DdnfO{ cfufdL jif{df ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-u_
v08 -s_ adf]lhd :jtM vf/]h ug'{k/]sf] sf/0faf6 k|rlnt sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf
adf]lhd z]o/ :jfldTj ;+/rgfdf k|lts'n c;/ kg]{ cj:yf ePdf dfq To:tf] z]o/sf] c+z
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs af]nsjf]nsf] cfwf/ (Public Auction Basis) df
Go"gtd k|lt z]o/ d"No ?= !)) tf]sL ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L ;fj{hlgs af]nsjf]nsf]
dfWodf/f ljqmL ubf{ k|lt z]o/ ?= !)) eGbf a9L k|fKt x'g cfpg] /sd -Premium_ nfO{
;DjlGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] 5'6\6} Share Premium zLif{s cGt{ut b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
-3_
;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"x cGtu{tsf] ljqmL x'g g;s]sf] o:tf] xsk|b z]o/sf] c+z k|rlnt
Joj:yf cg'?k ljBdfg ;+:yfksx?nfO{ ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] 5 . k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ cGo JolQmnfO{ laqmL ug'{kg]{ afWofTds cj:yfdf z]o/
;+Vof / cf}lrTosf cfwf/df afWofTds ?kdf ljqmL ug'{ kg]{ pQm ;+:yfks z]o/ ljqmL ug{sf
nflu vl/bstf{sf] klxrfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] k|s[of cjnDag ug{ ;lsg] 5 M
;+:yfks z]o/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf u/L af]nsaf]n -uf]Ko l;N86]08/_ sf] dfWodaf6
k|rlnt sfg'g / g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] gLlt Pj+ lgb{]zg ljkl/t gx'g] u/L ;DalGwt
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ljBdfg ;+:yfks z]o/wgL nufot cGo OR5's JolQm, kmd{
sDkgL tyf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ ljqmL ug{ vl/bstf{ 5gf}6 ug{,
k|rlnt sfg'g tyf ljBdfg lgb{]zgdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd o;/L ;+:yfks
z]o/ vl/b ug{] vl/bstf{ ;+:yfks ;d"xdf g} kg{] Joxf]/f ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
;+:yfks z]o/ vl/bstf{ klxrfg eO{;s]kl5 r'Qmf kF"hLsf] @ k|ltzteGbf 36L
;+:yfks z]o/ wf/0f ug]{ ;+:yfks z]o/wgLsf] ;+:yfks z]o/sf] xsdf a'Fbf g+= !%
df pNn]lvt k|s[of ckgfO{ z]o/ ljqmL jf gfd;f/L ug{' kg{] . t/, r'[Qmf k'FhLsf] @
k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj wf/0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf z]o/ ljqmLx:tfGt/0f jf
gfd;f/L ;DaGwL k|s[of o; a}+saf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5 dfq cl3 a9\g] . o;
k|s[ofaf6 z]o/ vl/b ug]{ JolQm;+:yf k|rlnt Joj:yf cg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] xsk|b z]o/ lgisfzg ubf{ ;fljssf ;+:yfks
z]o/wgLx?n] vl/b ug{ kfpg] xsk|b z]o/sf] ;Dk"0f{ jf cf+lzs xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ rfx]df
k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd k|jGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf u/L r'Qmf k'FhLsf] @ k|ltzt jf
s=
!(=@
@)=
175
!=
;f]eGbf sd z]o/ lnPsf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLsf] xsdf ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf
zt{sf] clwgdf /xL] xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]] 5g\ .
;+:yfks;+:yfks ;d"xsf] xsk|b z]o/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f cfg} ;d"xpk;d"xsf
;+:yfksnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L xs x:tfGt/0f ubf{ cfg}
;d"xpk;d"xdf z]o/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ljBdfg cGo
;+:yfksnfO{ bf];|f] k|fyldstf lbO{ xs x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
@=
v08 -!_ adf]lhd ;+:yfks ;d"xdf z]o/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f x'g g;Sg] cj:yf
ePdf dfq cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ o; lgb]{zgsf clwgdf /xL z]o/sf] xs
x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L ;+:yfks ;d"xsf] z]o/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f u/L
lng] JolQm jf ;+:yf klg h'g ;d"xpk;d"xaf6 z]o/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f u/L
lnPsf] xf] ;f]xL ;d"xpk;d"xdf ;dfj]z x'g] 5 .
#=
k|:tfljt ;+:yfks z]o/wgL o; a}+saf6 hf/L lgb]{zg cg';f/ ;+:yfks
z]o/wgLsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf -Fit & Proper Test) k"/f ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
$=
k|:tfljt ;+:yfks z]o/wgL shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLdf gk/]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
%=
k|:tfljt ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] cfkm\gf] nufgLsf] ;|f]t v'Ng] sfuhftsf ;fy}
kl5Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] s/ r'Qmf k|df0fkq /jf s/ bflvnf u/]sf] lg:;f ;d]t
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
^=
plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL xsk|b z]o/sf] xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] ljj/0f
o; a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-r_
v08 -s_ b]lv -_ ;Dd h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg a} jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfns,
sfo{sf/L k|d'v, n]vfk/LIfs, ;lrj jf a} jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL
sfo{df k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf axfn /xFbfsf avt jf To:tf] kb 5f8]sf]
sDtLdf Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a} jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] xsk|b
z]o/ cGo s'g} klg JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ xs x:tfGt/0f ul/lbg jf cGo s'g} klg JolQm jf
;+:yfaf6 xs x:tfGt/0f :jLsf/ ul/lng x'Fb}g .
xsk|b z]o/df k"j{ nufgL ug]{ ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k'FhL kof{Kttf sfod ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu ;+:yfksx?n]
xsk|b z]o/ -Right Share_ df k"j{nufgL ug{ rfx]df lgDg zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /xL ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-s_
k'FhL j[l4 ;DaGwL k|:tfj ;DjlGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f;efaf6 lg0f{o
eO;s]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-v_
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ k'FhLsf]if cg'kft k'ofpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+:yfks
z]o/wgLx?af6 clu|d ?kdf ;+sng u/]sf] /sd Calls in Advance zLif{sdf hDdf ug'{
kg]{ / To;/L hDdf ul/Psf] /sdnfO{ a}slaQLo ;+:yfn] To;kl5sf] xsk|b z]o/ -Right
Share_ hf/L ubf{sf] cj:yfdf clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 . To;}u/L, a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf z]o/wgL -;+:yfks;j{;fwf/0f ;d"x_ x?n] o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf]
cfkm\gf] k'FhL of]hgf cg';f/ ;dfg'kflts ?kdf k'FhL k'/\ofpg' kg]{ ;DjlGwt cfly{s jif{
leqdf g} xsk|b z]o/ jfkt /sd hDdf ul/;s]sf] t/ z]o/ af+8kmf+8 gePsf] sf/0f
176
@!=
@@=
;DalGwt cfly{s jif{df r'Qmf k'FhL zLif{sdf ;dfof]hg x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf]
/sdnfO{ ;d]t z]o/ jfkt clu|d ?kdf ;+sng u/]sf] /sdnfO{ Calls in Advance
zLif{sdf b]vfpg ;lsg] 5 . o;/L cu|Ld ?kdf ;+slnt k'FhL /sdnfO{ o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg
cg';f/ ;dfg'kftLs ?kdf j[l4 ub}{ hfg' kg]{ r'Qmf k'FhLdf u0fgf ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu
;d]t ;dfa]z ug{ ;lsg] .
-u_
o;/L cu|Ld ?kdf z]o/df nufgL ubf{ ;DalGwt ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] cfkm\gf] c+z -Share_
;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ ;Sg] .
-3_
o:tf] Calls in Advance sf] ;6\6fdf s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf, C0f lbg jf lwtf] /fVg gkfOg] .
-_
o:tf] Calls in Advance df s'g} k|sf/sf] Aofh lnglbg gkfOg] / z]o/ k'FhL jfkt
ul/g] To:tf] clu|d z]o/ nufgL /sdnfO{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf lkmtf{ e'Qmfg ug{, lemSg jf
36fpg -Divestment_ gkfOg] . ;fy}, o:tf] /sd r'Qmf k'FhLdf n]vf+sg geP;Dd o;df
nfef+; lbg gkfOg] .
-r_
xsk|b z]o/df ul/g] k"j{ nufgL /sdnfO{ To;kl5sf] xsk|b z]o/ lgisf;g -Right Share
Issue_ ;+u cfj4 -Tie- up_ ug'{ kg]{ .
-5_
o;/L cu|Ld ?kdf ;+slnt k'FhL /sdnfO{ Calls in Advance zLif{sdf b]vfpg' kg]{ /
o;df hDdf ePsf] /sdn] vfd]df zfvf vf]Ng] k|of]hgfy{ cfjZos kg]{ cltl/Qm k'FhLsf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;d]t r'Qmf k'FhL ;/x g} dfGotf k|bfg ul/g] .
-h_
xsk|b z]o/df k"j{ nufgL eP klg xsk|b z]o/ lgZsf;g ubf{ k'/f ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ k|s[of /
ljBdfg Joj:yf kfngf u/]sf]] x'g' kg]{ .
o; a}+saf6 ljQLo dWo:ystf{sf] sf/f]jf/ ug{ cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] cj pk|fGt
3 ju{sf] n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/df nufgL ug]{ ePdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ k|bfg
ul/Psf] To:tf] cg'dltkq vf/]h ug]{ zt{df @% k|ltzt;Ddsf] ;Ldf ggf3\g] u/L ;+:yfks z]o/df
nufgL ug{ ;Sg]] 5g\ .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ gfd;f/L jf laqmL ;DaGwL
Joj:yf O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= !))^* af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/
d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
177
-@_
$=
pka'Fbf -!_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf plNnlvt ;+:yf afx]ssf cGo ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;x
ljQLos/0fdf ;xefuL u/fOPdf o; a}+snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
cGo ;+:yfn] C0f k|jfx ug{ / u|fxssf] vftf vf]Ng aGb]h
-!_
;xljQLos/0fdf ;xefuL gePsf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xf/f k|jflxt
shf{df yk x'g] u/L s'g} klg k|sf/sf] shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwf k|jfx ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/, ljz]if sf/0f k/]df ;x-ljQLos/0f ;d"xsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ To:tf] ;d"xdf ;xefuL gePsf]
s'g}] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xf/f k|jflxt shf{df yk x'g] u/L s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwf k|jfx ug{ kfpg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f:- o; lgb]{zgsf] k|of]hgsf]nflu ;xljQLos/0f ;d"x eGgfn] ;xljQLos/0fdf
-@_
;xljQLos/0fsf] Joj:yf cGtu{t shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwf lnPsf]] s'g} u|fxs, kmd{, sDkgL jf
kl/of]hgfsf] To:tf] shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwfsf] vftf ;xljQLos/0fdf ;xefuL ;b:o afx]ssf
cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf vf]Ng kfOg] 5}g .
t/, To:tf] vftf ljz]if sf/0fj; cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf vf]Ng' kg]{ kl/l:ylt k/]df ;x
ljQLos/0f ;d"xsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ vf]Ng ;lsg]5 .
178
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
!)=
179
-0f_
!!=
!@=
!#=
C0f gltg]{ C0fL pk/ s'g} lsl;dsf] sfg'gL sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ cj:yf cfPdf ;x
ljQLos/0f ;d"xsf]] a}7saf6 ;f]sf] lg0f{o u/fO{ cfjZos sfg'gL sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg],
-t_
cfgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]afkt C0fL ;d]tsf] ;xdltdf ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xn] lg0f{o u/]
adf]lhd ;]jf z'Ns lng ;Sg],
-y_
;xljQLos/0f cGtu{t nufgL ug{ sa'n u/]sf] /sd s'g} ;b:oaf6 ljt/0f ug{ l9nfO{ e} ;f]
/sd ;xefuL ;b:osf] tk{maf6 cu'jf ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] k|ltu|fxs shf{ ;Ldfleq /xL k|jfx
u/]df ;fFjf /sd / l9nfO{ u/]hlt cjlwsf] Aofh tyf ;xljQLos/0f ;d"x jLrsf] ;xdltdf
lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd xhf{gf ;d]t l9nfO{ ug]{ ;xefuL ;b:oaf6 c;'npk/ ug{;Sg],
-b_ ;xljQLos/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpFbf x'g] ljleGg vr{ nufot C0f gltg]{ C0fL pk/ sfg'gL
sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpFbf x'g] vr{ C0fLaf6 c;'n x'g g;s]df ;a} ;xefuL ;b:ox?af6 nufgL
ul/Psf] shf{ /sdsf] cg'kftdf c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg],
-w_ shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug'{ cl3 shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|af6 C0fLsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;"rgf
lng'kg]{ / o;/L ;"rgf lnFbf To:tf] C0fL sfnf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] jf lghn] s'g} shf{ oyf;dodf
r'Qmf gu/]sf] ePdf shf{ k|jfx ug{ gkfOg],
-g_ ;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd C0fLnfO{ oyf;dodf shf{ ;fk6 tyf
;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] .
-k_ o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cGo cfjZos
sfd sf/jfxL ug]{,
ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g]
;xljQLos/0fdf ;xefuL ;b:ox?sf aLr s'g} ljifodf dt}Sotf x'g g;s]df ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o lng'
kg]{5 / To:tf] dtsf] u0fgf ubf{ shf{ nufgLsf] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{5 . sy+sbflrt dt a/fa/
ePdf cu'jf ;+:yfn] lg0ff{os dt lbg kfpg] 5 .
;xljQLos/0fdf ;xefuL ;b:ox?sf] bfloTj tyf st{Jo
;xefuL ;b:ox?sf] bfloTj tyf st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
cu'jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] tk{maf6 ;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwL sfdsf/jfxL ug]{ :jLs[lt kq -d~h'/Lgfdf_
lbg],
-v_
cu'jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg],
-u_
;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwL a}7sdf ;qmLo?kn] efu lng],
-3_
;xljQLos/0f ;d"xsf] a}7saf6 cf}krfl/s ?kdf shf{, ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwf lbg] lg0f{o eO{
;s]kl5 ;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwL ;+emf}tfsf zt{x?df pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ zt{x?sf] kfngf ug]{,
-_
;xljQLos/0fsf] efjgfnfO{ sb/ u/L oyf;So ;a} lg0f{ox?df dt}So x'g] u/L cfk;L
ljjfbx? ;dfwfg ug{ k|of; ug]{,
-r_
s'g} Ps ;b:on] csf]{ ;b:osf] clxt x'g] u/L cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"lt{ x'g] s'g} sfd sf/jfxL gug]{],
-5_
cfk"mn] k|jfx ug]{ shf{ :jLs[t u/]kl5 cu'jf ;+:yfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ oyf;dodf ;f] /sd
pknAw u/fpg],
-h_
;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwL ;a} sfd sf/jfxL kf/bzL{?kdf u/L shf{ / C0fL;+u ;DalGwt s'g}
klg ;"rgf Ps cfk;df cfbfgk|bfg ug]{,
-em_ ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xsf] a}7sn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog oyfzL3| ug]{,
-`_
s'g} klg ;b:on] s'g} kl/of]hgfdf tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L /sd nufgL ug{, PstkmL{ ?kdf
shf{ c;'nL ;DaGwL sfd sf/jfxL ug{ / ;f] shf{sf] leGg lsl;dn] juL{s/0f ug{ gkfpg],
-6_
;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd C0fLnfO{ oyf;do shf{ ;fk6 tyf
;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ .
yk shf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;xljQLos/0f cGt/ut k|jflxt shf{df s'g} C0fLnfO{ yk shf{ k|bfg ug'{ k/]df b]xfosf cfwf/df ug'{
kg]{5 M
-s_
C0fLsf] cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xn] dfq yk shf{ ;fk6 tyf ;'ljwfsf
/sd k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] . o;/L k|bfg ug{ lg0f{o ePsf] yk shf{ /sd ;a}
;b:ox?n] cfcfkm"n] k"j{ k|jfx u/]sf] /sdsf] cg'kftdf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ .
180
-v_
!$=
!%=
!^=
!&=
v08 -s_ adf]lhd yk shf{ k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o eP kZrft\ s'g} ;xefuL ;b:on] cfkm"n] k|jfx
ug'{ kg]{] yk /sd k|jfx ug{ c;dy{tf hgfPdf afFsL ;b:ox? Jff afFsL ;b:ox?sf] ;xdltaf6
cGo s'g} ;b:on] To:tf] af+sL /sd ;d]t k|jfx ug{ ;Sg] jf yk nufgLsf nflu ;x
ljQLos/0f ;d"xsf]] ;xdltdf C0fLsf] ;d]t ;xdlt lnO{ gofF ;b:onfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] .
-u_
C0fLnfO{ yk shf{ jf ;'ljwfsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] cj:yfdf ;xljQLos/0fdf ;+nUg ;+:yfx?n]
shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf k/]df ;f] sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L C0fLnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
;xljQLos/0faf6 x6\g ;Sg] cj:yf
-!_
kl/of]hgf ;+rfngdf cfO;s]kl5 b]xfosf] cj:yfdf dfq ;xljQLos/0f ;d"x 5f]8\g ;lsg] 5
M
-s_
;xljQLos/0f ;d"x 5f]8\g OR5's ;b:osf] lx:;f cGo ;b:on] lng d~h'/ u/]df,jf
-v_
laBdfg ;b:ox?sf] ;xdltdf gofF ;b:onfO{ cfgf] lx:;f laqmL u/]df .
-@_
;xljQLos/0f ;d"x 5f]8\g] ;b:osf] lx:;f :jLsf/ ug]{ s'g} klg ;b:on] k'/fgf] ;b:osf]
;Dk"0f{ bfloTj jxg ug'{kg]{ 5 . ;xljQLos/0f 5f]8\g rfxg] ;b:on] cfgf] lx:;f l8:sfp06
jf lk|ldoddf ;d]t laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_
pka'Fbf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xdf k|j]z ul/;s]kl5 s'g}
klg ;b:on] ;DalGwt kl/of]hgf ;+rfngdf cfpg'k"j{ ;f] ;d"xaf6 x6\g kfpg] 5}g .
n]vfk/LIfs jf k/fdz{bftf lgol'Qm ug{ ;Sg]
C0fLsf] ljQLo l:ylt ;do;dodf d"Nofg ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xn] cfgf]
tk{maf6 :jtGq n]vfk/LIfs jf k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfs jf
k/fdz{bftfsf] vr{ cfkm"n] k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ nufgLsf] cg'kftdf ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xsf k|To]s ;b:on]
Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwdf k7fpg' kg]{ ljj/0f
cu'jf ;+:yfn] lgb]{zg kmf=g+= !!=! jdf]lhd ;xljQLos/0f ;DaGwL k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] cflZjg, kf}if,
r}q / cfiff9 d;fGtsf] ljj/0f qodf; ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbg leq o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yf lgodg ljefu / ;DjlGwt ;'k/Lj]If0f ljefudf clgjfo{ ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] ;xljQLos/0f shf{ ;+aGwL Joj:yf O=k|f= lgb]{zg g+= !!)^* af6
hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u
;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
181
;+nUg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f s}lkmot dxndf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
182
183
3.
$=
%=
%=!
-_
lwtf] d"Nofgstf{sf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf / Ohfhtkq .
clgjfo{ ?kdf shf{ ;"rgf lng' kg]{
!_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bz nfv ?k}ofF jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] shf{ k|jfx ug{, k'/fgf] shf{ gjLs/0f
ug{, k'g/;+/rgf jf k'g/tflnsLs/0f ug{' cufj} C0fLu|fxssf] af/]df s]Gb|af6 clgjfo{ ?kdf
shf{ ;"rgf lng' kg]{5 . o;/L shf{ ;"rgf dfu ePdf s]Gb|n] a9Ldf # -ltg_ sfo{ lbg leqdf
To:tf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
@_
s'g} u|fxsC0fLnfO{ shf{;'ljwf k|bfg ubf{ s]Gb|af6 pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd shf{ ;"rgf k|fKt
u/L ;s]kl5 cGo lgsfoaf6 ;"rgf lng clgjfo{ x'g] 5}g .
#_
o; v08 adf]lhd s]Gb|af6 lnOPsf] shf{ ;"rgf afkt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf]
shf{ ;"rgf ;]jf z'Ns s]Gb|nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug]{ k|s[of
-!_
o; lgb]{zgdf pNn]lvt cj:yf k'u]kl5 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 hlt;'s} kl/df0fsf] shf{,
;fk6 tyf ;'ljwf /sd lnO{ gltg]{ C0fLx?nfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 l;kmfl/; gfdfjnLnfO{ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|n] osLg ;d]t u/L kGw|
lbgleq sfnf];"rLdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_
o; lgb]{zgdf tf]lsPsf] cj:yf k'u]kl5 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+sx?af6 k|bfg ul/g] qm]l86 sf8{
;'ljwf pkef]u u/L ;f] jfktsf] hlt;'s} /sdshf{ gltg]{ u|fxsx?nfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg
;DalGwt a}+sn] shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{
;DalGwt a}+saf6 l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePkl5 ;f] gfdfjnLnfO{ kGw| lbgleq sfnf];"rLdf /fVg' kg]{5
/ sfnf];"rLaf6 gfd x6fpg] ;DaGwL sf/jfxL ljBdfg gLltut tyf k|s[oft Joj:yf adf]lhd
g} x'g]5 .
-#_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] klRr; nfveGbf a9Lsf] shf{ /sd sfnf];"rL ;DaGwL Joj:yf cGtu{t
sfnf];"rLdf ;"rLs[t u/fPkl5 dfq h'g;'s} /sdsf] shf{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg l;kmfl/; ug'{
kg]{5 .
C0fLx?sf] juL{s/0f
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfjf6 C0f lnO{ gltg]{ C0fLx?nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd auL{s/0f ug'{ kg]{]5 M
lgotk"j{s C0f gltg]{ C0fLx? (Willful Defaulters):
s_
e'QmfgLsf] efsf gf3]sf] ! jif{;Dd klg a}+ssf] ;Dks{df gcfPsf, C0f glt/L a]kQf ePsf jf
efu]sf, C0fsf] k'g/;+/rgf / k'g/tflnsLs/0f ;d]tsf] k|lqmof z'? gu/]sf / e'QmfgLsf]
k|lta4tf hfx]/ gu/]sf .
v_
;+:yfsf] shf{ aSof}tf /fkm;fkm ug{ lwtf] laqmL ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg laqmL ug{ gvf]Hg]
jf glbg] cj:Yff l;h{gf ug]{ .
u_
PseGbf a9L Joj;fo ;+rfng u/L cflh{t k|ltkmn tyf cfkm";Fu ePsf] cGo ;DklQ C0f
ltg{df k|of]u gug]{ .
3_
;+:yfaf6 h'g kl/of]hgfsf] nflu C0f lnPsf] xf] pQm C0f To;df k|of]u gu/L cGo p2]Zodf
k|of]u ug]{ (Diversion of Fund), Joj;foaf6 cflh{t /sd C0f ltg{df gnufO{ cGo sfo{df
k|of]u ug]{ (Siphoning off), cGo ;DklQ l;h{Gff ug]{, cNksfnLg shf{af6 bL3{sfnLg pkof]u
ug]{ tyf ;Demf}tf ljkl/t sDkgLaf6 ;xfos sDkgL jf cGo kmd{sDkgLdf ;fwg k|jfx ug]{ .
_
cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] kl/of]hgf jf Joj;fodf cGo JolQm jf t]>f] kIf h:t}M sfdbf/,
sd{rf/L cflbsf] gfd pkof]u u/L cfkm\gf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] gb]vfpg] dg;fo /fvL C0f lnPsf .
r_
shf{sf] efsf gf3]kl5 ;+:yfn] dfu]sf] avt cGo yk ;'/If0f jf JolQmut hdfgL glbg] .
5_
lwtf] jf Joj;fosf] ;Gbe{df hfgLa'emL em'6f] ljj/0f k|bfg ug]{ .
h_
C0f;Fu ;DjlGwt lwtf] lxgfldgf u/]sf] kfO{Pdf .
em_ C0f k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L;FunfO{ ldnLdtf] u/L, b'?T;flxt u/L jf cGo u}/sfg'gL
n]gb]g u/L C0f lnPsf / gltg{sf nflu cjfl~5t bjfj lbg] .
`_
kl/of]hgfsf] ljQLo, k|fljlws, Joj:yfksLo tyf dfu, cfk"lt{ jf ahf/kIfsf] unt ljZn]if0f
u/L k'FhLsf] nfut c:jfefljs ?kn] j[l4 (Overcapitalization) ug]{ nufgLstf{ .
184
%=@
^=
&=
*=
185
(=
!)=
!)=!
!)=@
ljj/0f tyf cGo ljQLo ljj/0fx? k|dfl0ft ug]{ qmddf em'7f ljQLo ljj/0f k|dfl0ft ug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
sfg'g jdf]lhd sf/jfxL ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] g]kfn rf6{8{ Psfp06]06 ;+:yfnfO{ l;kmfl/z ug'{
kg]{5 .
/fxbfgL hkmt ug{ l;kmfl/z ug]{
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf JolQmx?sf] gofF /fxbfgL hf/L ug{ tyf eO{/x]sf] /fxbfgL hkmt ug{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug{ ;Sg]5 . /fxbfgL hkmt ePsf JolQmx?n]
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df ;Dks{ /fvL ;+:yfnfO{ dfGo x'g] lsl;dn] cfkm"n] lnPsf] shf{ k'g/;+/rgf
jf k'g/tflnsLs/0f u/]df To:tf JolQmx?sf] hkmt ePsf] /fxbfgL lkmtf{ ug{{ k'gM l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
sfnf];"rL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g] cj:yfx?
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?af6 klRr; nfv ?k}ofF jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] shf{;'ljwf lnPsf C0fLx? jf
JolQmnfO{ b]xfosf s'g} Ps jf ;j} cj:yfdf sfnf];"rLdf /fVg' kg]{5 M
-s_ shf{sf] ;fFjf jf ;fFjfsf] s'g} ls:tf jf Aofhsf] e'QmfgL ldlt Ps jif{ gf3]df -s'g} C0fLn]
pkof]u ul//x]sf] ljleGg shf{;'ljwfdWo] s'g} Pp6f dfq shf{sf] e'QmfgL ldlt gf3]df klg_,
t/, ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] cj:yf / cf}lrTo x]/L a9Ldf ltg
dlxgf;Dd yk ;do k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_
shf{ tyf ;'ljwfsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,
o; k|of]hgsf] nflu b'?kof]u eGgfn] k|of]hg v'nfO{ lnPsf] shf{ /sd ;DjlGwt k|of]hgdf
k|of]u gu/]sf], kl/of]hgf ;~rfngdf g/x]sf], lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf] qmddf ;'kl/j]Ifs,
n]vfk/LIfsaf6 b'?kof]u ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf shf{ tyf ;'ljwfsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf]
dflgg] 5 .
-u_
;'/If0fdf /fv]sf] ;fdfg b'?kof]u u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-3_
C0fL ufoj ePdf,
-_
k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd C0fL 6f6 kN6]df,
-r_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] C0fL lj?4 cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf,
-5_
C0f c;'nL Gofoflws/0fdf ph'/L lbPsf] cj:yfdf,
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g] cGo cj:yfx?
-s_
gSsnL r]s, 8fK6, ljb]zL d'b|f, qm]l868]lj6 sf8{, ljN; cflb sfuhft tyf pks/0f k|of]u
u/L /sd 7uL u/]df . To:t} ;f]xL 7uL ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] ljifodf cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/ 7xl/Pdf,
-v_
s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;DjGwL ck/fwdf ;+nUg ePsf]
k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-u_
s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;+u lnPsf] shf{ ;f] shf{sf] lnvtsf]
efsfleq r'Qmf gu/L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g @)^# sf] bkmf %& adf]lhd c;'nLsf]
sf/jfxL rnfpFbfsf] cj:yf,
-3_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ ckn]vg ug'{kbf{sf] cj:yfdf,
-_
vftfdf df}Hbft ckof{Kt ePdf,
s'g} JolQm kmd{, sDkgL jf ;ul7t ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] vftfdf kof{Kt df}Hbft geO{ hlt;'s} /sdsf]
r]s hf/L u/]df a'Fbf g+= !)=! df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfo jdf]hd x'g]5 M
-!_
Psk6s e'QmfgL geOsg lkmtf{ ePsf] r]ssf] xsdf e'QmfgL kfpg'kg]{ JolQmn]
;fj{hlgs ljbf jfx]s sDtLdf b'O{ lbgsf] ;do lbO{ ;DjlGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
k'gM r]s k]z ug{;Sg] 5 .
-@_ ;f] Dofb kZrft\ klg /sd e'QmfgL gePsf] v08df /sd e'QmfgL kfpg'kg]{ JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] r]ssf] /sd e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lnlvt
?kdf hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_
v08 -@_ adf]lhd lnlvt hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 ;DjlGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] r]s
hf/L ug]{ To:tf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ r]ssf] /sd e'QmfgL ug{
;fj{hlgs ljbf jfx]s ;ft lbgsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5 / ;f] ldltleq klg /sd e'QmfgL x'g
g;s]df To:Tff] r]s lvRg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ ;DjlGwt a}+s jf
186
!)=#
ljQLo ;+:yfn] clgjfo{ ?kdf sfnf];"rLdf ;"rLs[t ug{ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|df n]vL
k7fpg' kg]{5 . ;f] cg';f/ gu/]df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ o;} lgb]{zg adf]lhd
sf/afxL x'g]5 .
-$_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ To:tf] e'QmfgL
gx'g] r]s lbPdf ;d]t o; v08 adf]lhd sfnf];"rLdf /fVg'kg]{ 5 . ;f] cg';f/ gu/]df
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ o;} lgb]{zg adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]5 .
-%_ o; v08 adf]lhd sfnf];"rLdf /x]sf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] To:tf]
;"rLaf6 km's'jf geP;Dd cfkm\gf] vftfdf /sd hDdf ug]{ afx]s cGo s'g}klg
lsl;dsf] a}+ls sf/f]jf/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-r_
vftfjfnfn] cfk'mn] hf/L u/]sf] r]ssf] /sd e'QmfgL gx'Fb} vftf aGb u/]sf] sf/0faf6 s'g}
r]ssf] e'QmfgL x'g g;s]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'gf;fy ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g}
dfWodaf6 ;DalGwt vftfjfnfnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yf cg';f/ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
o;/L hfgsf/L u/fPsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t pQm r]ssf] e'QmfgL x'g] Joj:yf gu/]sf] v08df To:tf]
r]s hf/L ug]{ JolQmkmd{sDkgLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg l;kmfl/z u/L k7fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-5_
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%*, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# tyf cGo gLltut
Joj:yf adf]lhd o; a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/L gub hl/jfgfsf] sf/jfxLdf k/]sf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v tyf cGo sd{rf/Laf6 gub hl/jfgf e'QmfgL
geP;Dd,
:ki6Ls/0fM o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|dfl0ft eGgfn] cbfnt jf ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f 6f]nL jf cfGtl/s jf jfXo n]vfk/LIfs jf o; a}+saf6 vl6Psf] lg/LIf0f 6f]nLn]
k|dfl0ft u/]sf] ;Demg' k5{ .
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g] kIfx?
s'g} jf ;a} cj:yf k/L sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g] b]xfo jdf]lhdsf C0fL JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
;+:yf / ;DalGwt cGo kIfx?nfO{;d]t sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} C0fL sfnf];"rLdf k/]df To:tf C0fLsf] Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg' kg]{
5}g
-s_
shf{;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf .
-v_
k|f]k|fO6/;Lk kmd{sf k|f]k|fO6/ .
-u_
;fe]mbf/L kmd{sf ;fe]mbf/x? .
-3_
shf{;'ljwfsf] nflu hdfgt lbg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf .
t/, hdfgtbftfnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{k"j{ lghn] hdfgL lbPsf] /sd r'Qmf ug{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k}tL; lbgsf] lnlvt ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . lnlvt ;"rgfsf] kq ;DalGwt
JolQmsf] 7]ufgfdf gk'u]df ;f] ;"rgf klqsfdf ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 .
-_
sDkgL;+ul7t ;+:yfsf ;+rfnsx? .
-r_
k|fOe]6 jf klAns sDkgLsf,
!_
;+rfnsx/m,
@_
kGw| k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgLx?,
t/, k|fOe]6 jf klAns sDkgLsf] !% k|ltzteGbf sd z]o/ lng] pQm k|fOe]6 jf
klJns sDkgLsf z]o/wgLx?sf]] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ljQLo :jfy{ ePdf a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?n] To:tf z]o/wgLx?nfO{ ;d]t sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ s'g} jfwf k'u]sf]
dflgg] 5}g .
#_
;~rfns dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm, kmd{, ;+ul7t ;+:yfx? .
t/, o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ jfkt kbLo x}l;otn] ;f]xL
shf{sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu C0fL ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf ;+rfnssf] x}l;otdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw sd{rf/LnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z
ug'{kg]{ 5}g .
-5_
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf] s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] cGo s'g} kmd{sDkgL;+ul7t ;+:yfdf JolQmut jf
;+:yfut ?kdf kGw| k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj ePdf To:tf] kmd{sDkgL ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] ;~rfns tyf sfo{sf/L k|d'v .
187
t/, Ps} ;d"x cGtu{tsf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgLsf] xsdf !% k|ltzteGbf sd z]o/ wf/0f u/]sf]
ePtfklg s'n z]o/ nufgLdf !% k|ltzt gf3]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf ;d"x cGt/utsf JolQm,
kmd{, sDkgLnfO{ sfn]f;"rLdf ;"rLs[t ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-h_
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf] s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw cGo s'g} u}/ ;/sf/L kmd{sDkgL ;+ul7t
;+:yfdf ;+rfns ePdf To:tf] kmd{sDkgL;+ul7t ;+:yf .
t/, b]xfosf] ;a} cj:yf k"/f ePdf sfnf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw ;+rfns
/x]sf] u}/ ;/sf/L kmd{sDkgL;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g M
-!_
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw ;+rfns /x]sf] u}/ ;/sf/L
kmd{sDkgL ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf To:tf] ;+rfnssf] z]o/ !% k|ltzt eGbf sd x'g' kg]{ .
-@_
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw ;+rfns /x]sf] u}/ ;/sf/L kmd{sDkgL
;+ul7t ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;fFjf /jf Aofh jfktsf]
/sd tf]lsPsf] ;do jf ;f] eGbf cufj} lgoldt ?kdf r'Qmf ul//x]sf] x'g' kg]{,
-#_
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw ;+rfns /x]sf] JolQmn] ;+rfns kbaf6
/flhgfdf u/]df jf To:tf] JolQm ;+rfns kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf .
-em_ o; a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ cfk;L ;DaGw eO{ Ps} ;d"xdf k/]sf JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf .
-`_
u|fxsnfO{ Uof/]G6L lbg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf .
t/, Uof/]06L / cf+lzs Uof/]G6L (Partial Guarantee) sf] xsdf eg] ;f] Uof/]G6Lsf] /sd r'Qmf
u/]df C0fLsf] cGo jSof}tfsf] nflu of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-6_
C0fLsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] ;DklQ :jLsf/ ug]{ JolQmx?nfO{ ;f] sf] bfloTj axg u/fP/ pQm
bfloTj axg u/]sf JolQmx?nfO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] dgfl;j dflkmssf] ;do k|bfg ug{
;Sg]5 . bfloTj jxg ug{ gdfg]df jf pQm Dofbleqdf klg shf{ r'Qmf jf lgoldt gu/]df
To:tf] JolQmx?nfO{ klg sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-7_
s'g} C0f @ jif{eGbf a9L cjlwn] efsf gf3]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t C0fLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z
gul/Psf] eP ;f] sf] :kli6s/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq o; a}+s ;dIf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)=$ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z gx'g] cj:yfx?
C0fLsf] sfa'eGbf aflx/sf] b]xfodf plNnlvt s'g} c;fdfGo kl/l:yltsf] sf/0faf6 pTkGg ;d:ofn] ubf{
;dodf ;fFjf /jf Aofh r'Qmf ug{ g;s]sf] Joxf]/f C0fLn] cg'/f]w u/]df / To:tf] Joxf]/f dgfl;j
b]lvPdf ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] To:tf u|fxsnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z
gug]{ lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
af9L, klx/f], e"sDk h:tf b}jL k|sf]k k/]df .
-v_
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g' cufj} ?U0f pBf]u k'g?Tyfg ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf k'g/shf{ k|bfg
ul/Psf C0fLnfO{ k'g/shf{sf] ;'ljwf pkof]u ug{ kfpg] cjlw;Dd .
-u_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] u|fxssf] hfoh]yf tyf Joj;fo ;+rfngdf /x]sf] :yfg clwu|x0f u/]df .
t/, To:tf] lg0f{o ubf{ cfwf/x? :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!)=% sfnf];"rLaf6 gfd x6\g ;Sg] Joj:yf
b]xfosf cj:yfdf sfnf];"rLdf /x]sf u|fxssf] gfd To:tf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpgsf nflu ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tLg lbgleq s]Gb|nfO{ l;kmfl/z u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt gfdgfd];L
s]Gb|n] # sfo{ lbgleq cBfjlws ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
!=
efsf gf3]sf] shf{sf] ;fFjf Aofh r'Qmf u/]df,
@=
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] pko'Qm 7xofO{ shf{sf] efsf yk u/]df jf
o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL shf{ k'gtf/lnsLs/0f jf k'g/;+/rgf u/]df,
#=
shf{ jf ;'ljwfsf] bfloTjsf] ;Ldf ls6fg u/L PseGbf a9L C0fL ;lDdlnt x'g] C0fsf] xsdf
s'g} C0fLaf6 p;sf] efusf] ;fFjf Aofh r'Qmf u/]sf] egL efsf yk u/]df jf o; a}+ssf]
lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL shf{ k'g/;+/rgf jf k'g/tflnsLs/0f u/]sf] egL ;DalGwt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 n]vL cfPdf To:tf C0fLsf] gfd sfnf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg' kg]{ 5 . t/, ;+rfns
jf sfo{sf/L kbflwsf/L eO{ sfdsfh ug]{ JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
188
$=
!!=
!@=
!#=
!$=
shf{sf] bfloTj cGo JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] :jLsf/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltaf6 :jLs[lt ePdf o;/L sfnf];"rLaf6 x6fpFbf bfloTj
:jLsf/ ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ a9Ldf Ps jif{sf] Dofb lbg] / pQm
Dofbleq shf{;'ljwf r'Qmf jf lgoldt gu/]df pQm gofF JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
;+:yf;d]tnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
%=
C0fLx?n] lnPsf] C0fdWo] cfkm\gf] bfloTj olsg u/L C0f;'ljwf lnPsf] cj:yfdf pQm /sd
e'QmfgL u/]sf] egL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 n]vL cfPdf shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|n] sfnf];"rLaf6
x6fpg' kg]{5 . t/, ;f] Joj:yf ;+rfns tyf sfo{sf/L kbflwsf/Lx?sf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
tyflk ;+rfns tyf sfo{sf/L kbflwsf/Lx?sf] xsdf C0f c;'nL GofofwLs/0f tyf cGo
;DalGwt Goflos lgsfosf] cfb]z cg';f/ cfkm\gf] bfloTj cg'?k x'g cfpg] c+z j/fj/sf] /sd
e'QmfgL u/]sf] egL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 n]lvcfPdf lghnfO{ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|n]
sfnf];"rLaf6 x6fpg s'g} afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
^=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] kl/l:yltjz C0f gltg]{ C0fLx?nfO{ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf]
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] ePtfklg olb s]xL ;do k|bfg u/]df C0fLn] k|of; u/L 5f]6f]
cjlwdf C0f r'Qmf u5{ eGg] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ nfu]df ^ dlxgfsf] nflu sfnf];"rLaf6
x6fpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/, ^ dlxgfleq C0f r'Qmf gu/]df clgjfo{ ?kdf sfnf];"rLdf
;dfj]z ug{ s]Gb|nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{' kg]{5 .
;xljQLos/0f shf{sf] ;DaGwdf
!_
;xljQLos/0f cGtu{t k|jfx x'g] shf{sf] ;DaGwdf o; lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL cu'jf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yf (Lead Bank) n] ;xljQLos/0fsf] a}7sdf (Consortium Meeting) shf{nufgL
cg'kftsf] cfwf/df ax'dtsf] lg0fo{af6 ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{x6fpg
s]Gb|nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L cu'jf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf (Lead Bank) sf] l;kmfl/z
k|fKt ePkl5 s]Gb|n] ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{x6fpg' kg]{5 .
@_
olb s'g} cu'jf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf (Lead Bank) n] o; lgb]{zg cg';f/ s]Gb|nfO{ l;kmfl/z gu/L
;xefuL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] C0fLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] /x]5 eg] s]Gb|n] ;xefuL
a}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePkl5dfq ;DjlGwt C0fLnfO{ sfnf];"rLjf6 x6fpg' kg]{5
. o:tf] cj:yfdf cu'jf a}+sn] cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj lgjf{x gu/]sf] 7x/L g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g,
@)%* sf] bkmf !)) adf]lhd sf/jfxL ul/g] 5 .
#_
s'g} u|fxsn] ;xljQLos/0f shf{ ;'lawf cGt/ut / Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;+u 5'6\6} bf]xf]/f] shf{
tyf ;'lawfsf] pkof]u u/L sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;xljQLos/0f ;d"xsf] a}7sn]
sfnf];"rLjf6 x6fpg] l;kml/; u/]tfklg afFsL v/fj shf{;'ljwfsf] /sd e'QmfgL gu/];Dd
sfnf];"rLdf sfod} /xg] 5 .
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{k"j{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{
s'g} klg C0fL jf C0f;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;a} kIfnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfa]z ug'{k"j{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ sf/0f;lxt slDtdf kl}t; lbg cufj} ;"rgf lbO{ ;f] sf] clen]v /fVg'
kg]{5 . pQm ;"rgf k|bfg ubf{ tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq C0fLn] shf{ r'Qmf jf lgoldt gu/]df sfnf];"rLdf
;dfj]z ul/g] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . o:tf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt JolQm jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o
jf lghsf] sf/f]jf/;+u ;DalGwt ;+:yfdf a'emfPdf klg ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
C0fL tyf hdfgtstf{nfO{ lnvt u/fpg' kg]{
s'g} klg C0fLnfO{ shf{;'ljwf k|bfg ubf{ o; lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] cj:yf k/L s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLdf gfd
;dfj]z u/]df d]/f] dGh"/L 5 egL ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt C0fL tyf hdfgLstf{nfO{
lnvt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/, of] Joj:yfn] To:tf] lnvt ljgf klg C0fL tyf hdfgLstf{sf] gfd sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ afwf
k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
s]Gb|n] ;"rgf tyf ljj/0fx? dfu ug{ ;Sg]
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **, g]kfn /fi6 a}+s shf{ ;"rgf ljlgodfjnL, @)%( / o;
lgb]{zgsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf o; lgb]{zgn] tf]s] afx]ssf cGo ;"rgf / ljj/0fx?
s]Gb|n] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf;Fu dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L dfu u/]sf] ;"rgf / ljj/0fx? pknJw u/fpg'
;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
189
!%=
!^=
!&=
190
&_
*_
(_
!*=
ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf] nflu OsfO{sf hgzlQmnfO{ tf]Sg' kg]{5 / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s]Gb|nfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . ;fy}, tf]lsPsf] OsfO{n] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yf / s]Gb|aLr x'g] kqfrf/sf] k|dfl0ft clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
e"nj; sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsfx?sf] ;DaGwdf
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z gx'g' kg]{ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf e"nj; sfnf];"rLdf
;dfj]z ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] o; ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltaf6
l;kmfl/z eO{ cfPdf cljnDa To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ clen]v g}
g/xg] u/L sfnf];"rLaf6 x6fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z eO{ x6]sf JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
s]Gb|sf] ;b:otf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] shf{ ;"rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ / ;dodf shf{sf] ;fFjfAofh gltg]{
C0fLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu clgjfo{ ?kdf s]Gb|sf] ;b:otf lng' kg]{5 .
5'6
o; lgb]{zgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf
clwsf+z :jfldTj ePsf ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?, o; a}+saf6 lgIf]k / shf{sf] sf/f]af/ ug{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx? / lkIfLo jf jx'kIfLo ;DaGw ePsf cGt//fli6o ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
!)_ sfnf];"rL ljj/0f cBfjlws ug]{
o; lgb]{zg adf]lhd s]Gb|n] tof/ ug]{ sfnf];"rL cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
!!_
s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLdf ;"rLs[t Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf z]o/wgLx?n] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] xsk|b z]o/
tyf cu|flwsf/ z]o/, C0fkq / nfef+zsf ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
-s_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?dWo] s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLdf
;"rLs[t eO{/x]sf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] cfkm" ;+:yfks /x]sf] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsk|b
z]o/ tyf cu|flwsf/ z]o/ / C0fkq vl/b ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ . t/, s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLaf6
x6]sf] k|df0f ;lxt ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] cfkm" ;+:yfks
/x]sf] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsk|b z]o/ tyf cu|flwsf/ z]o/ / C0fkq bfjL ug{
cfPdf k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ cGo JolQm;+:yfnfO{ a]rljvgafF8kmfF8hkmt
ul/;lsPsf] cj:yf /x]g5 eg] ;fljss} ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-v
s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLdf ;"rLs[t C0fLsf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks nufotsf
cGo z]o/wgLsf x}l;otn] kfpg] nfef+z /sd cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{
aSof}tfsf] k|df0f ;lxt e'StfgL dfu u/]df To:tf JolQm;+u c;'n ug'{kg]{ /sd lghn]
kfpg] nfef+z /f]Ssf u/L ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] Joj:yf cfg}
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .
!@_
sfnf];"rLdf /x]sf ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] xsk|b z]o/df ;xefuL x'g / nfef+z lng gkfpg]M
-s_
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 lgisfzg x'g] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xsk|b z]o/df ;xefuL x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-v_
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ;+:yfks z]o/wgLn] k|fKt ug]{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] nfef+z C0f
ltg]{ k|of]hg afx]s cGo lsl;dn] e'QmfgL lnglbg kfOg] 5}g .
-u_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] sfnf];"rLdf ;"rLs[t cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf]
;+:yfks z]o/wgLx?sf] ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
!#_
o; a}+snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{
pka'Fbf -(_ df pNn]v ePsf ;+:yf afx]s o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt jf cg'dltkqk|fKt cGo
;+:yfnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{' k"j{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] o; a}+snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 shf{ lnO{ C0f gltg]{ C0fLx?dWo] cf=j= )^#^$ sf] ah]6 jQmJo dfkm{t
C0fsf] k'g/tflnsLs/0f ug{ tf]lsPsf] @)^# efb| d;fGtleq k'g/tflnsLs/0f u/]sf, k'g/tflnsLs/0fsf]
nflu sf/jfxL eO{ /x]sf C0fL / a}+ssf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df z'? ePsf] t/ ;DkGg eO{ g;s]sf afx]s ;DalGwt
a}+sn] C0f r'Qmf ug]{ u/fpg] ;DaGwdf C0fLnfO{ k6s k6s cj;/ lb+bf klg j]jf:tf u/L a;]sf /
;DalGwt a}+sn] sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg pko'Qm 7xofPsf C0fLx?nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof adf]lhd
sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg] .
191
!_
@_
#_
$_
!(=
b08
!_
@_
#_
$_
;fFjf C0f ?= kfFr s/f]8 eGbf a9L lnPsfx?dWo]af6 ;a}eGbf a9L C0f lng] C0fLx?nfO{
k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt a}+sn] qmdzM sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg] . ;DalGwt a}+sn]
k|rlnt Joj:yf cg';f/ ug{ ;lsg] sf/jfxL cfk}m+ u/L ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; a}+snfO{ u/fpg]
cGoyf ug'{kg]{ sf/jfxLsf nflu l;kmfl/z;fy o; a}+snfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ .
o; cg';f/ sf/jfxLdf k/]sf C0fLn] C0f e'QmfgL jf k'g/;+/rgfk'g/tflnsLs/0f u/]df
;DalGwt a}+sn] ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ ;fljsdf u/]sf sf/jfxL lkmtf{ ug{ t'?Gt kxn ug]{ .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 To:tf C0fLx?sf] gfddf hf/L ul/Psf 8]lj6 sf8{, qm]l86 sf8{
h:tf ;'ljwfx? tTsfn /f]Ssf /fVg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
;DalGwt a}+sn] C0fsf] k|s[lt, pkef]usf] cj:yf, c;'nLsf] ;+efjgf, C0fLn] C0f e'QmfgL ug{
b]vfPsf] Jojxf/ tyf dg;fo cflb kIfx?nfO{ dWogh/df /fvL a'Fbf !* -!_ sf] kl/lwleq /xL
lgotj; C0f gltg]{ sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf C0fLx? / To:tf C0fLx?nfO{ hdfgt lbg] JolQm, kmd{
jf sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfodWo]sf Ps jf ;f]eGbf a9L sf/jfxL ug{ o; a}+snfO{ cg'/f]w
ug]{ .
-s_
lgotjz C0f gltg]{ C0fLx?sf /fxbfgL hkmt ug]{ / gofF hf/L ug{ /f]s nufpg]
k|of]hgsf nflu o; ;DaGwL ;"rgf k//fi6 dGqfno, u[x dGqfnonfO{ cfjZos
sf/jfxLsf] nflu hfgsf/L u/fpg / ;fj{hlgs?kdf ;d]t ;"rgf k|sflzt ug{ .
-v_
lgotj; C0f gltg]{ C0fLx?nfO{ ;/sf/L jf ;+ul7t ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf lj1
k/fdz{bftf nufot ;fj{hlgs lhDd]jf/Lsf cf]xbf tyf /fhgLlts lgo'lQmsf kbx?df
lgo'Qm gug{ / lgo'Qm eO{ sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ eg] kbaf6 tTsfn cjsfz lbg .
-u_
dfg, kbjL, ;Ddfg jf /fHoaf6 lbOg] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;'ljwf, ;x'lnot jf ;Ddfg
k|bfg gug{ .
-3_
sDkgL P]g cGtu{t btf{ ePsf jf x'g] s'g} klg sDkgLsf] ;+rfns x'g /f]s nufpg .
-_
gofF pBf]u, kmd{ jf sDkgL btf{ ug{, ;/sf/L 7]Ssfkfdf efu lng jf a}+sn] :jLs[lt
lbPsf] cj:yfdf C0f ltg]{ k|of]hgsf nflu afx]s To:tf C0fLsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] s'g} klg
rncrn ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg] / o;sf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfo -dfnkf]t sfof{no,
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no, gu/kflnsfpkdxfgu/kflnsfdxfgu/kflnsf_ nfO{ lgb]{zg
hf/L ug]{ Joj:yf ug{ .
-r_
;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqx?df ePsf] nufgL hkmt u/L lnnfd ug]{ / To;/L k|fKt x'g cfpg]
/sd shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu pkof]u ug{ .
hl/jfgf tyf sf/jfxL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] s]Gb|df e/L k7fpg' kg]{ C0fLx?sf] ljj/0f / sfnf];"rLdf /fVg' kg]{
C0fLx?sf] gfd tyf ljj/0f ;dodf g} s]Gb|df pknAw gu/fPdf jf To:tf tYo n'sfP/ yk shf{
;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf] kfOPdf jf unt ;"rgf k|jfx u/]df jf sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf] JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ k|jfx ePdf jf o; a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bgdf
To:tf] Joxf]/f pNn]v eO{ cfPdf ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf jf ltgsf ;DalGwt ;+rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L ;d]tnfO{ o; a}+sn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)) adf]lhdsf]
sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sfnfO{ C0f ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]df hl/jfgf nufOg]
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?nfO{ s'g} klg a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfn] C0f;'ljwf k|jfx u/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (( -!_ ad]flhd pQm
C0f ;'ljwf a/fa/sf] /sd ljuf] sfod u/L ;DjlGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ hl/jfgf ul/g]
5.
sfnf];"rLdf /fVg l;kmfl/z gu/]df hl/jfgf nufOg]
s'g} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ l;kmfl/z ug'{kg]{df ;f] u/]sf]
gkfO{Pdf To:tf] ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
To:tf] C0fL;+u p7fpg afFsL /x]sf] /sd a/fa/sf] ljuf] sfod u/L hl/jfgf nufOg] 5 .
sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] shf{df ztk|ltzt
shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kg]{
192
s_
v_
@)=
sfnf];"rLdf /x]sf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL tyf ;+ul7t ;+:yfaf6 s'g} shf{ c;'nL ug{
afFsL /x]sf] eP To:tf] shf{sf nflu ztk|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ /
To;/L Joj:yf gu/]sf] kfO{Pdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)) sf] pkbkmf
-@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd ;DjlGwt sfo{sf/L k|d'vnfO{ kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd gub
hl/jfgf nufOg] 5 .
s'g} C0fL cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf dfkm{t sfnf];"rLdf /fv]sf] ePtf klg To:tf
C0fLnfO{ k|bfg ePsf] C0fsf] xsdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfkm"n] k|bfg u/]sf] shf{
jf ;'ljwfsf] juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/df shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:Yff sfod ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg @)^* sf] shf{ ;"rgf tyf sfnf];"rL ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f lgb]{zg g+=
!@)^* af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf
o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
193
s=;"=kmf=g=! -s_
JolQmut shf{sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
JolQmut tyf ;'/If0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f
@)=== ;fn ===========dlxgf == ut]
k|yd k6s shf{ :jLs[lt ubf{efsf gf3]sf shf{sf] ljj/0f shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|df of] kmf/d e/L k7fpg' kg]{ .
;fy}, o; kmf/ddf pNn]v ePsf] ljj/0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L o; kmf/ddf e/L lbg' kg]{ . t/,
rn ;DklQsf] d"Nof+sg /sddf dfq kl/jt{g ePdf k7fpg' gkg{] .
C0f k|bfg ug]{ a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd M
zfvfpkzfvf M
!
C0fLsf] gfd M
;d'xM
!=! gful/stf k|df0fkqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] 7]ufgf M
xfnsf] 7]ufgf M
lhNnf M
g=kf=uf=lj=;= M
lhNnf M
g=kf=uf=lj=;= M
j8f g+= M
6f]n M
3/ g+= M
j8f g+= M
6f]n M
3/ g+= M
!=@ gful/stf g+= M
hf/L u/]sf] ldlt M
hf/L u/]sf] lhNnf M
!=# dtbftf k|df0fkq g+= M
hf/L u/]sf] ldlt M
hf/L u/]sf] lhNnf M
!=$ ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kq g+= M
hf/L u/]sf] lhNnf M
!=% /fxbfgL g+= M
k|bfg u/]sf] d'n's M
!=^ :yfoL n]vf g+= M
hf/L u/]sf] ldlt M
;+:yf sf]8 M
!=& kmf]g g+= M
df]afO{n g+= M
O{d]n 7]ufgf M
!=* tLgk':t] ljj/0f M
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
cfdf
;;'/f
@= C0fLsf] Psf3/ kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f M -o; k|of]hgsf] nflu Psf3/ kl/jf/ eGgfn] C0fLsf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, a'xf/L,
cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxtf wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf / cfkm"n]
kfng kf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ bfh', efO, lbbL / alxgLnfO{ a'emfp+5 ._
Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] gfd
gftf
gful/stf g+=
afa'sf] gfd
afh]sf] gfd
$= sG;g{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f M -C0fLsf] cGo s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf !% k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj
ePdf jf ;+rfns ePdf pNn]v ug{' kg{]_
;+nUg kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd
7]ufgf
z]o/xf]N8/;+rfns
z]o/ nufgL k|ltzt
-/sd ?=df _
%= C0fLn] pkof]u u/]sf] shf{sf] nflu hdfgt lbg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f M
%=! hdfgt lbg] JolQm ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf
gful/stf g+=
/ /fxbfgL
g+=
gful/stf
hf/L ePsf]
ldlt
194
gfd
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
%=@ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf
/lhi6]zg g+= hf/L ePsf]
kfg g+=
ldlt
cfdf
hf/L u/]sf]
lgsfo
;;'/f
hdfgt
lbPsf] /sd
%=@ -s_ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf ;+nUg z]o/wgL tyf ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf ;+rfnssf] gfd
7]ufgf
z]o/wgL ;+rfns
%=@ -v_ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL / ;+rfnsx?sf] tLgk':t] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf
gful/stf g+=
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
cfdf
;+rfnssf] gfd
^= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] hldg, 3/, kl/of]hgf cflb h:tf crn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf] k|sf/ lwtf]] /x]sf] :yfg lwtf]wgLsf]
d"Nof+lst d"Nofsg
d"Nof+sg
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
gfd
/sd
ldlt
stf{sf] gfd
;;'/f
lwtf] /flvPsf]
shf{ zLif{s
&= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] artkq, C0fkq, d'2lt /l;b, k|f]ld;/L gf]6, z]o/, ;fdfg lwtf] -xfOkf]lys]zg ;d]t_, cflb h:tf rn
;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf]
lwtf]] /x]sf]
lwtf]wgLsf] gfd d"Nof+lst /sd
d"Nofsg
d"Nof+sgstf{
lwtf] /flvPsf]]
k|sf/
:yfg
ldlt
sf] gfd
shf{ zLif{s
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
==================
tof/ ug]{
====================
r]s ug]{
====================
Aoj:yfksk|d'v
-pk/f]Qm sf]7fx? ljj/0fsf] nflu ckof{Kt ePdf csf]{ kmf/fd k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 ._
195
@= C0fLx?sf] Psf3/ kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f M -o; k|of]hgsf] nflu Psf3/ kl/jf/ eGgfn] C0fLsf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, a'xf/L,
cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxtf wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf / cfkm"n] kfng kf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ bfh', efO, lbbL /
alxgLnfO{ a'emfp+5 ._
C0fLx?sf] gfd
Psf3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] gfd
gftf
afa'sf] gfd
afh]sf] gfd
$= sG;g{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f M -C0fLx?sf] JolQmut ?kdf cGo s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf !% k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf
a9L z]o/ :jfldTj ePdf jf ;+rfns ePdf pNn]v ug{'kg{] _
C0fLsf]] gfd
;+nUg kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
7]ufgf
z]o/xf]N8/ z]o/ nufgL k|ltzt
196
;+:yfsf] gfd
;+rfns
-/sd ?=df_
%= C0fLn] pkof]u u/]sf] shf{sf] nflu hdfgt lbg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f M
%=! hdfgt lbg] JolQmM ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf gful/stf g+= gful/stf hf/L
/fxbfgL g+=
ePsf] ldlt
>Ldfg\>LdtL
%=@ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf
/lhi6]zg g+=
hf/L ePsf]
hf/L u/]sf]
kfg g+=
ldlt
lgsfo
hdfgt
lbPsf]
/sd
hdfgt lbPsf]
shf{ zLif{s
cfdf
hdfgt
lbPsf] /sd
;;'/f
%=@ -s_ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf ;+nUg z]o/wgL tyf ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf ;+rfnssf] gfd
7]ufgf
z]o/wgL;+rfns
z]o/ nufgL k|ltzt
%=@ -v_ hdfgt lbg] AolQm tyf kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL / ;+rfnsx?sf] tLgk':t] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf ;+rfnssf] gfd
gful/stf g=
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
cfdf
^= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] hldg, 3/, kl/of]hgf cflb h:tf crn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf]
lwtf]] /x]sf] :yfg
lwtf]wgLsf]
d"Nof+lst /sd d"Nof+sg
k|sf/
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
gfd
ldlt
d"Nof+sgstf{
sf] gfd
;;'/f
lwtf] /flvPsf]
shf{ zLif{s
&= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] artkq, C0fkq, d'2lt /l;b, k|f]ld;/L gf]6, z]o/, ;fdfg lwtf] -xfOkf]lys]zg ;d]t_, cflb h:tf rn
;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf]
lwtf]] /x]sf] :yfg
lwtf]wgLsf]
d"Nof+lst
d"Nof+sg
d"Nof+sgstf{sf]
lwtf] /flvPsf]
k|sf/
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
gfd
/sd
ldlt
gfd
shf{ zLif{s
197
k|yd k6s shf{ :jLs[lt ubf{efsf gf3]sf shf{sf] ljj/0f shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|df of] kmf/d e/L k7fpg' kg]{ .
;fy}, o; kmf/ddf pNn]v ePsf] ljj/0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L of] kmf/fd e/L lbg' kg]{ . t/, rn
;DklQsf] d"Nof+sg /sddf dfq kl/jt{g ePdf k7fpg' gkg{] .
C0f k|bfg ug]{ a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd M
zfvfpkzfvf M
!
C[0fL kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd M
;d"x M
!=!
/lhi6/ k|df0fkq adf]lhdsf] 7]ufgf M
sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf M
lhNnf M
g=kf=uf=lj=;=M
lhNnf M
g=kf=uf=lj=;=M
j8f g+=M
6f]n M
3/ g=M
j8f g+=M 6f]n M
3/ g+=M
!=@ /lhi6]zg g+=M
btf{ u/]sf] ldlt M
btf{ u/]sf] lgsfo M
!=#
kmf]g g+=M
km\ofS; g+=M
O{d]n M
!=$ kfg g+=M
btf{ u/]sf] ldlt M
btf{ u/]sf] lhNnf M
@=-s_ k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/, z]o/xf]N8/ /jf ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f M -k|fO{e]6 ln= k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/ / ;+rfnsdWo] h'g
s+= / klJns ln= s+= ePdf !% k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ wf/0f ug]{
xf] ;f] df - _ lrGx nufpg]
z]o/wgLx?sf] dfq gfd pNn]v ug]{ ._
s}lkmot
k|f]k|fO6/
;fem]bf/
;+rfns
afa'sf] gfd
cfdf
;;'/f
afh]sf] gfd
$= sG;g{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f M -C[0fL kmd{ / ;f]sf k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/, z]o/xf]N8/ /jf ;+rfnsx?sf] JolQmut, ;+o'Qm jf
;+:yfut ?kdf cGo s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf !% k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj ePdf jf ;+rfns
ePdf pNn]v ug{' kg{]_
;+nUg AolQmsf] gfd
;+nUg kmd{, sDkgL jf
7]ufgf
z]o/xf]N8/;rfns
z]o/
;ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd
nufgL
k|ltzt
198
-/sd ?=df_
%= C0fLn] pkof]u u/]sf] shf{sf] nflu hdfgt lbg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f M
%=! hdfgt lbg] JolQm ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf
gful/stf
g+= /fxbfgL
g+=
gful/stf
hf/L ePsf]
ldlt
>Ldfg\>LdtL
%=@ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf
/lhi6]zg g+=
hf/L ePsf]
kfg g+=
ldlt
hdfgt
lbPsf] /sd
cfdf
hf/L u/]sf]
lgsfo
;;'/f
hdfgt
lbPsf] /sd
%=@ -s_ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf ;+nUg z]o/wgL tyf ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf ;+rfnssf] gfd
7]ufgf
z]o/wgL;+rfns
%=@ -v_ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL / ;+rfnsx?sf] tLgk':t] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf ;+rfnssf] gful/stf g+=
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
gfd
^= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] hldg, 3/, kl/of]hgf cflb h:tf crn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf] k|sf/
lwtf]] /x]sf] :yfg
lwtf]wgLsf] gfd
d"Nof+lst
d"Nof+sg
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
/sd
ldlt
hdfgt
lbPsf] shf{
zLif{s
hdfgt
lbPsf] shf{
zLif{s
z]o/ nufgL
k|ltzt
cfdf
d"Nofsgstf{
sf] gfd
;;'/f
lwtf] /flvPsf]
shf{ zLif{s
&= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] artkq, C0fkq, d'2lt /l;b, k|f]ld;/L gf]6, z]o/, ;fdfg lwtf] -xfOkf]lys]zg ;d]t_, cflb h:tf rn
;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf]
lwtf]] /x]sf] :yfg
lwtf]wgLsf] gfd
d"Nof+lst
d"Nof+sg
d"Nof+sgstf{sf]
lwtf] /flvPsf]
k|sf/
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
/sd
ldlt
gfd
shf{ zLif{s
199
k|yd k6s shf{ :jLs[lt ubf{efsf gf3]sf shf{sf] ljj/0f shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|df o; kmf/d e/L k7fpg' kg]{ .
;fy}, o; kmf/ddf pNn]v ePsf] ljj/0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L o; kmf/fd e/L lbg' kg]{ . t/, rn
;DklQsf] d"Nof+sg /sddf dfq kl/jt{g ePdf k7fpg' gkg{] .
C0f k|bfg ug]{ a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd M
!
;+o'Qm C[0fL kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd M
!=!
klxnf] C0fLsf] gfd M
!=!=! /lhi68{ k|df0fkq adf]lhdsf] 7]ufgf M
lhNnf M
g=kf=uf=lj=;=M
j8f g+=M
6f]n M
3/ g=M
!=!=@ /lhi6]zg g+=M
btf{ u/]sf] ldlt M
!=!=# kmf]g g+=M
km\ofS; g+=M
!=!=$ kfg g+=M
btf{ u/]sf] ldlt M
!=@
!=@=!
zfvfpkzfvf M
sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf M
lhNnf M
g=kf=uf=lj=;=M
j8f g+=M 6f]n M
3/ g+=M
btf{ u/]sf] lgsfo M
O{d]n M
btf{ u/]sf] lhNnf M
sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf M
lhNnf M
j8f g+=M 6f]n M
btf{ u/]sf] lgsfo M
O{d]n M
btf{ u/]sf] lhNnf M
g=kf=uf=la=;=M
3/ g+=M
@=-s_ klxnf] C0fLsf k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/, z]o/xf]N8/ /jf ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/ / ;+rfnsdWo] h'g
M -k|fO{e]6 ln= s+= / klJns ln= s+= ePdf !% k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/
xf] ;f]df - _ lrGx nufpg]
wf/0f ug]{ z]o/wgLx?sf] dfq gfd pNn]v ug]{ ._
gfd
7]ufgf
z]o/ nufgL k|ltzt
s}lkmot
-gful/stf k|df0fkq adf]lhd_
k|f]k|fO{6/
;fem]bf/
;+rfns
@=-v_ klxnf] C0fLsf k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/, z]o/xf]N8/ /jf ;+rfnsx?sf] tLgk':t] ljj/0f M
gfd
gful/stf g+= hf/L ldlt hf/L lhNnf
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
cfdf
;;'/f
@=! -s_ bf];|f] C0fLsf k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/, z]o/xf]N8/ /jf ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/ / ;+rfnsdWo] h'g
M -k|fO{e]6 ln= s+= / klJns ln= s+= ePdf !% k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/
xf] ;f]df - _ lrGx nufpg]
wf/0f ug]{ z]o/wgLx?sf] dfq gfd pNn]v ug]{ ._
gfd
7]ufgf
z]o/ nufgL k|ltzt
s}lkmot
-gful/stf k|df0fkq adf]lhd_
k|f]k|fO6/
;fem]bf/
;+rfns
@=! -v_ bf];|f] C0fLsf k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/, z]o/xf]N8/ /jf ;+rfnsx?sf] tLgk':t] ljj/0f M
gfd
gful/stf
hf/L
hf/L
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
g+=
ldlt lhNnf
200
cfdf
;;'/f
afa'sf] gfd
afh]sf] gfd
$= sG;g{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f M -C0fL kmd{ / ;f]sf k|f]k|fO6/, ;fem]bf/, z]o/xf]N8/ / jf ;+rfnsx?sf] JolQmut, ;+o'Qm jf
;+:yfut ?kdf cGo s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf !% k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj ePdf jf ;+rfns
ePdf pNn]v ug{' kg{]_
;+nUg AolQmsf] gfd
;+nUg kmd{, sDkgL jf
7]ufgf
z]o/wgL
z]o/ nufgL
;ul7t ;+:yfsf] gfd
;rfns
k|ltzt
%= C0fLn] pkof]u u/]sf] shf{sf] nflu hdfgt lbg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf]] ljj/0f M
%=! hdfgt lbg] JolQm ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf
gful/stf
gful/stf gful/stf hf/L ePsf] hdfgt lbPsf]
g+= /fxbfgL hf/L ePsf] lhNnf/fxbfgL hf/L
/sd
g+=
ldlt
ePsf] d'n's
%=! -s_ hdfgt lbg] JolQmsf] ltgk':t]] ljj/0f M
gfd
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
%=@ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f M
gfd
7]ufgf
/lhi6]zg g+= hf/L ePsf]
kfg g+=
ldlt
cfdf
hf/L u/]sf]
lgsfo
;;'/f
hdfgt
lbPsf] /sd
%=@ -s_ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf ;+nUg z]o/wgL tyf ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf ;+rfnssf] gfd
7]ufgf
z]o/wgL;+rfns
hdfgt lbPsf]
shf{ zLif{s
%=@ -v_ hdfgt lbg] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL / ;+rfnsx?sf] tLgk':t] ljj/0f M
z]o/wgL /jf ;+rfnssf] gfd
gful/stf g+=
afa'
afh]
>Ldfg\>LdtL
^= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] hldg, 3/, kl/of]hgf cflb h:tf crn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf] k|sf/
lwtf]] /x]sf] :yfg
lwtf]wgLsf] gfd
d"Nof+lst
d"Nof+sg
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
/sd
ldlt
hdfgt lbPsf]
shf{ zLif{s
d"Nofsgstf{
sf] gfd
cfdf
;;'/f
lwtf] /flvPsf]
shf{ zLif{s
&= ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] artkq, C0fkq, d'2lt /l;b, k|f]ld;/L gf]6, z]o/, ;fdfg lwtf] -xfOkf]lys]zg ;d]t_, cflb h:tf rn
;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
lwtf]sf]
lwtf]] /x]sf] :yfg
lwtf]wgLsf] gfd
d"Nof+lst
d"Nof+sg
d"Nof+sgstf{sf]
lwtf] /flvPsf]
k|sf/
-j8f g+= ;lxt_
/sd
ldlt
gfd
shf{ zLif{s
*= C0fL;+u ;DalGwt s}lkmot M
===================
===================
===================
tof/ ug]{
r]s ug]{
Joj:yfksk|d'v
-pk/f]Qm sf]7fx? ljj/0fsf] nflu ckof{Kt ePdf csf]{ kmf/fd k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 ._
201
s=;"=kmf=g+= @
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] C0f aSof}tf ;DaGwL
@)====== sf] klxnf]bf];|f]t];|f]rf}yf] q}dfl;s ljj/0f
-/sd ?=df_
C0f k|bfg ug]{ a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd M
C0fLsf] gfd M
shf{sf]
lsl;d
shf{ :jLs[t
shf{ nufgL
=================
tof/ ug]{
ldlt
zfvfpkzfvf M
shf{ vftfsf]
g+= :jfldTj
/sd
==============
r]s ug]{
ldlt
e'QmfgL
hDdf
efsf gf3]sf] ls:tfs
shf{sf]
ljnDj
p7fpg ls:tfshf{ hf{ r'Qmf
;'/If0f
u/]
s
f]
ePsf] lbg afFls /sd
/sd
ldlt
=============================
Joj:yfksk|d'v
202
203
-$_
-%_
-^_
-&_
-*_
pka'Fbf -#_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd k6s sfod ubf{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] nflu cnu
cnu k6s sfod ul/g] 5 .
clgjfo{ df}Hbftdf gk'u eP hlt /sddf k|rlnt a}+s b/sf] k|ltztn] ;fKtflxs lx;fjdf xhf{gf
nufOg]5 / o;/L gk'u eP hltsf] /sdnfO{ a}+s b/sf] k|ltztn] u'0ff u/L jfpGgn] efu ul/g] 5
.
clgjfo{ df}Hbft u0fgf ;DjGwL k|of]hgsf nflu b]xfosf] k|lqmof ckgfOg]5 M
-s_
clgjfo{ df}Hbftsf] u0fgf ;fKtflxs -k|To]s cfOtjf/b]lv zlgjf/_ ?kdf ul/g] 5 .
-v_
df}Hbftsf] u0fgf ubf{ b'O{ xKtf cl3sf] ;fKtflxs cf};t lgIf]k bfloTjsf] cfwf/df
ul/g]5 . s'g} xKtfdf k'/} lbg ljbf kg{ uPdf To:tf] xKtfsf] cf};t lgIf]k ln+bf l7s
cl3Nnf] xKtfsf] cf};t lgIf]knfO{ lng' kg]{5 .
-u_
clgjfo{ df}Hbft u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu s'n lgIf]k bfloTj / g]kfn /fi6 a+}s
df}Hbftsf] cfOtjf/b]lv zlgaf/;Ddsf] b}lgs df}Hbftsf] s'n of]unfO{ ;ft cn] efu
u/L ;fKtflxs ?kdf b}lgs cf};t lgwf{/0f ul/g] 5 . o;/L lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;Ktfxdf s'g}
lbg ljbf k/]df cl3Nnf] lbgsf] df}HbftnfO{ g} ;f] lbgsf] df}Hbft sfod ul/g] 5 .
-3_
o; k|of]hgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t lgb]{zg kmf=g+= !#=! df cfOtjf/b]lv zlgaf/;Ddsf]
ljj/0f - ljbfsf] lbgdf cl3Nnf] lbgsf] df}Hbft pNn]v ug'{kg]{_ e/L xKtf ljt]sf] ;ft
lbg leq clgjfo{ ?kdf o; a}+ssf] ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf cfOk'Ug] u/L k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
o; p2]Zosf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfof{nox?nfO{ Pp6} OsfO{ dflgg] 5 .
o; a}+sdf /x]sf] vftfdf hDDff x'g] u/L km08 6fG;km/sf] l;nl;nfdf dfu{:y (Transit) df kg{
uPsf] :jb]zL d'b|fsf] /sdnfO{ o; a+}ssf] df}Hbftdf ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0fM
-!_
o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s"n lgIf]k eGgfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] rNtL, sn,
art jf d'2lt vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] o; a}+sn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf ljleGg ljQLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 :jLsf/ ug]{
/sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_
o; a}+ssf] ;fwf/0f vftfdf ePsf] df}HbftnfO{ dfq clgjfo{ df}Hbftdf u0fgf ul/g] 5
. o; a}+sdf ljz]if k|of]hgsf] nflu vf]lnPsf] ljz]if vftf tyf ljb]zL d'b|f vftfdf
/x]sf] /sdnfO{ o; k|of]hgsf] nlfu u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
l6Kk0fLM
-!_
clgjfo{ df}Hbft u0fgf k|of]hgsf] nflu kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fsf] lgIf]k, sd{rf/L hdfgt
tyf dflh{g vftfdf /x]sf] /sd s"n lgIf]kdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
-@_
rNtL vftf eGgfn] dfu]sf] avt hlxn] klg lemSg kfpg] u/L a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_
art vftf eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf artsf] lgldQ /flvPsf] /sdsf]
x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_
d'2lt vftf eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lglZrt cjlw;Dd hDdf /xg] u/L
/flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-%_
clgjfo{ df}Hbft u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgfy{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] sfof{no gePsf :yfgx?df
/fli6o afl0fHo a}+s ln= tyf g]kfn a}+s ln= df /x]sf] gf]6sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] dfu{:y
gub -Cash in Transit_ ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]5 . gf]6sf]ifdf /sd /flvPdf jf
gf]6sf]ifaf6 /sd lemlsPdf ;DalGwt a}+sn] To;sf] ljj/0f tTsfn d'b|f Joj:yfkg
ljefu / ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf ;d]t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@=
204
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pka'Fbfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;fk6L sf]if eGgfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cGo
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf, JolQm, kmd{, ;+ul7t ;+:yf -:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL_ tyf sDkgL;+u lnPsf]
;fk6L /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_
#=
3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] s"n lgIf]k bfloTjsf] Go"gtd b'O{ bzdnj kfFr
k|ltzt t/n ;DklQsf] ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 . t/n ;DklQ eGgfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ
;Demg' kb{5 M
-s_
cfkm\gf] 9's'6Ldf /x]sf] gub df}Hbft,
-v_
;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqdf u/]sf] nufgL ,
-u_
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkqdf u/]sf] nufgL, jf
-3_
s ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf lgIf]ksf] ?kdf /x]sf] df}Hbft .
-#_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd hDdf ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd clgjfo{ df}Hbft eGbf a9L hDdf u/]df a9L ePhlt
/sd pka'Fbf -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;dfj]z ug{ kfOg]5 .
-$_
clgjfo{ df}Hbft tyf t/n ;DklQsf] u0fgf b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
clgjfo{ df}Hbft / t/n ;DklQsf] u0fgf b}lgs cf};tsf] cfwf/df dfl;s ?kdf
ul/g]5 .
-v_
s ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /x]sf] d'2lt lgIf]ksf] xsdf a9Ldf gAa]
k|ltzt;Dd dfq t/n ;DklQdf u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_
pka'Fbf -@_ adf]lhdsf t/n ;DklQsf] u0fgf ubf{ d'2lt lgIf]k jf ;/sf/L C0fkq tyf
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s C0fkq lwtf]df /fvL C0f lnPsf] eP C0f lnP a/fa/sf] /sd 36fpg'
kg]{5 .
-3_
3 ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgb]{zg kmf=g+= !#=@ adf]lhd clgjfo{ df}Hbft /
t/n ;DklQsf] ljj/0f dfl;s ?kdf k|To]s dlxgf lat]sf] kGw| lbgleq o; a}+ssf]
;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-_
clgjfo{ df}Hbftsf] u0fgf ubf{ Ps dlxgf cl3sf] JolQmut, ;d"xut, ljz]if art tyf
;fk6L sf]ifsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
-%_
clgjfo{ df}Hbft / t/n ;DklQ sfod g/fv] 3 ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:Yffn] pka'Fbf -!_
adf]lhd o; a]}+sdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{ clgjfo{ df}Hbft hDdf gu/]df jf sd hDdf u/]df ;f]
gu/]sf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu a'Fbf g+= ! sf] pkaFbf -#_ adf]lhd hl/jfgf ul/g]5 .
-^_
a'Fbf g+= ! sf] pka'Fbf -#_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd k6s sfod ubf{ k|To]s cfly{s
jif{sf] nflu cnu cnu k6s sfod ul/g] 5 .
-&_
clgjfo{ df}Hbftdf gk'u eP hlt /sddf k|rlnt a}+s b/sf] k|ltztn] dfl;s lx;fjdf xhf{gf
nufOg]5 / o;/L gk'u eP hltsf] /sdnfO{ a}+s b/sf] k|ltztn] u'0ff u/L jfx|n] efu ul/g]
5.
-*_
dfly h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg cGo a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tkm{jf6 c;'n u/L lbg]
zt{df yf]s shf{ sf/]fjf/ ug]{ 3 ju{sf n3' ljQ ljsf; a}sdf x:tfGt/0f eO{ cfPsf] C0f
;fk6L /sddf clgjfo{ df}Hbft sfod ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ 5'6 lbg ;lsg] 5 .
-(_
;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;d]t lgIf]k ;+sng ug]{ v'b|f n3' a}+ls+u ug]{ 3 ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]
clgjfo{ df}Hbft ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfx? tyf o; a}+snfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ ljj/0f o;} lgb]{zgsf] a'+bf
g+= ! cg';f/ x'g]5 . ;fy}, To:tf n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf o; a'Fbfsf] pka'+bf g+= -@_ nfu" x'g] 5}g
.
clgjfo{ df}Hbft ;DjGwL cGo Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?sf] sfo{nfO{ lj:tfl/t, ;xh / ;'ljwfo'Qm agfpg ahf/ lgdf{tfx afx]ssf o;
a}+saf6 s, v / u ju{sf] Ohfht k|fKt ;+:yfn] klg ;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqsf] ;fFjf tyf Aofh
e'QmfgL u/L ;f]sf] zf]wegf{sf] nflu o; a}+sdf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfxsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;'/If0fkqsf] ;fFjf e'QmfgL /sdsf] zf]wegf{ k|fKt gx'Fbf;Ddsf]
cjlwsf] nflu pQm /sdnfO{ ;d]t clgjfo{ df}Hbft cg'kftdf u0fgf ul/g] 5 . ;fy}, ;fj{hlgs labf
205
$=
kg{ uO{ ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;fFjf /sd e'QmfgL ug{ g;lsPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] labfsf]
cjlwsf] nflu pQm ;fFjf /sdnfO{ o; a}+sdf /fVg' kg]{ clgjfo{ df}Hbft cg'kftdf u0fgf x'g]5 .
j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft -Statutory Liquidity Ratio_ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf a}+sn] !% k|ltzt, v ju{sf ljsf; a}+sn] !! k|ltzt, u ju{sf ljQ
sDkgLn] !) k|ltzt, rNtL / sn lgIf]k ;+sng gug]{ v / u ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ^ k|ltzt
tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;d]t lgIf]k kl/rfng ug]{ 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfxn] $ k|ltzt j}wflgs t/ntf
cg'kft sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] lgDgfg';f/sf] t/n
;DklQx? u0fgf ul/g] 5 M
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;'/If0fkqdf u/]sf] nufgL,
-v_ clgjfo{ df}Hbft k|of]hgsf nflu g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf /flvPsf] /sd,
-u_ cfkm\gf] 9's'6Ldf /x]sf] gub df}Hbft,
-3_ v, u / 3 ju{sf ;+:yfsf] xsdf clgjfo{ df}Hbft k|of]hgsf nflu jfl0fHo a}+sx?df /x]sf]
/sd,
-_ /fli6o:t/ jfx]ssf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] dfu]sf jvt k|fKt x'g] u/L cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df
/fv]sf] /sd,
-;+nUg cg';"rL !#=# adf]lhd_
o;dWo] s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] %=) k|ltzt / rNtL / sn lgIf]k :jLsf/
gug]{ ljQLo ;+:yfx? -v, u / ;j{;fwf/0faf6 ;d]t lgIf]k kl/rfng ug]{ 3 ju{sf_ n] @ k|ltzt
clgjfo{ df}Hbft cg'kft sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft u0fgf ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
-!_
j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft u0fgf ubf{ l7s cl3Nnf] dlxgfsf] cGTodf /x]sf] :jb]zL lgIf]k bfloTjnfO{
cfwf/ dflgg]5 .
-@_
o:tf] cg'kft u0fgf u/L k|To]s dlxgfe/sf] j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft /sdsf] ljj/0f lgb]{zg
kmf=g+= !#=# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
pNn]lvt df}Hbft gk'u ePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf !_ df ePsf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfo jdf]lhd hl/jfgf nufOg] 5 M
-s_
klxnf] k6s j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft gk'u ePsf] cj:yfdf gk'u eP hlt /sddf
k|rlnt a}+sb/sf] k|ltztn] .
-v_
bf]>f] k6s j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft gk'u ePsf] cj:yfdf gk'u eP hlt /sddf
k|rlnt a}+sb/sf] bf]Aj/ k|ltztn] .
-u_
t]>f] k6s / ;f]eGbf kl5 hlt k6s gk'u eP klg gk'u eP hlt /sddf k|rlnt a+}s
b/sf] t]Aj/ k|ltztn] .
-$_
pka'Fbf -#_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd k6s sfod ubf{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] nflu cnu
cnu k6s sfod ul/g]5 .
-%_
j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft gk'u eP hlt /sddf k|rlnt a}+sb/sf] k|ltztn] dfl;s lx;fjdf
xhf{gf nufOg]5 / o;/L gk'u eP hltsf] /sdnfO{ a+}sb/sf] k|ltztn] u'0ff u/L afx|n] efu
ul/g]5 .
-^_
j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft gk'u ePsf] cj:yfdf hl/jfgfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu o; a}+sn] tf]s]
adf]lhd k|sflzt u/]sf] a}+sb/nfO{ g} cfwf/ lnOg]5 .
b|i6JoM != o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;/sf/L ;'/If0fkq eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] artkq,
ljsf; C0fkq, 6]h/L ljN; tyf o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo ;'/If0fkq ;Demg' k5{ .
t/, ahf/ lgdf{tf -Market Maker_ sf] ?kdf sfo{ ul//x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n]
sf/f]af/ -Trading_ k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn /fi6 a}+s, /fi6 C0f Joj:yfkg ljefu cGt/utsf]
ljz]if vftf -Special Account_ df /x]sf] ;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqsf] /sd lgtfGt sf/f]af/
-Trading_ k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq x'g] x'Fbf ;f] ;'/If0fkqsf] /sd j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft
(Statutory Liquidity Ratio, SLR) k|of]hgsf] nflu ;/sf/L ;'/If0fkqdf u0fgf ug{ kfOg]
5}g .
@= j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft ljj/0f k|To]s dlxgf ;dfKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
206
%=
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] clgjfo{ df}Hbft ;DjGwL Joj:yf O=k|f lgb]{zg g+= !#)^* af6 hf/L
ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf clgjfo{
df}Hbftj}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
207
;f]daf/ d+unaf/
a'waf/
ljxLaf/
z'qmaf/ zlgjf/
hDdf cf}ift
gfd / y/
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
s'n lgIf]k eGgfn] rNtL, art / d'2lt vftfsf] /sd tyf dfu]sf avt e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ /sd / ;l6{lkms]6 ckm
l8kf]lh6 ;Demg' k5{ . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fsf] lgIf]k, sd{rf/L hdfgt tyf dflh{g vftfdf /x]sf] /sd
;dfj]z x'g] 5}g .
d'2lt lgIf]k eGgfn] lglZrt cjlw;Dd hDdf /xg] u/L /flvPsf] :jb]zL d'b|fsf] lgIf]k ;Demg' k5{ .
rNtL, sn / art lgIf]k eGgfn] d'2lt lgIf]k afx]ssf ;a} k|sf/sf lgIf]k ;Demg' k5{ .
o; a}+ssf] ;fwf/0f vftfdf ePsf] df}HbftnfO{ dfq clgjfo{ df}Hbftdf u0fgf ul/g] 5 . o; a}+sdf ljz]if k|of]hgsf] nflu
vf]lnPsf] ljz]if vftf tyf ljb]zL d'b|f vftfdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ o; k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
208
ut]
s'n
art
tyf
;fk6L
sf]if
s'n
art
sf]if
;/sf/L
cfkm\gf]
9's'6Ldf C0fkqdf
/x]sf] gub
u/]sf]
df}Hbft
nufgL
C0fkq.
s ju{sf]
g]kfn /fi6
d'2lt
Ohfhtkq
a}+s
lgIf]k /l;b
C0fkqdf k|fKt ;+:yfdf
shf{
lgIf]ksf] ?kdf
u/]sf]
-_
/x]sf] df}Hbft
nufgL
!
@
#
$
%
^
&
*
(
!)
!!
!@
!#
!$
!%
!^
!&
!*
!(
@)
@!
@@
@#
@$
@%
@^
@&
@*
@*
@(
#)
#!
#@
s'n
cf};t
clgjfo{ gub
t/ntf df}Hbft
k|ltzt
ldlt
clws[t
209
s'n
t/n
;DklQ
ut]
;/sf/L
;'/If0f
kqdf
u/]sf]
nufgL
clgjfo{
df}Hbft
k|of]hgfy{
g]kfn /fi6
a}+sv,
dfu]sf s"n
jvt
u /
3 ju{sf 9's'6Ldf
k|fKt j}wflgs
;+:yfsf] /x]sf] gub
x'g] t/ntf
/sd
xsdf
df}Hbft
jfl0fHo
***
a}+s
;d]tdf
/x]sf] /sd
**
ut]
;/sf/L
;'/If0f
kqdf
u/]sf]
nufgL
clgjfo{
df}Hbft
k|of]hgfy{
g]kfn /fi6
a}+sv, 9's'6Ldf
u / 3
/x]sf]
ju{sf
gub
;+:yfsf]
df}Hbft
xsdf
jfl0fHo a}+s
;d]tdf /x]sf]
/sd **
dfu]sf
jvt
k|fKt
x'g]
/sd
***
s"n
j}wflgs
t/ntf
!
!&
@
!*
#
!(
$
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%
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sfod u/]sf] cf};t j}wflgs t/ntf -s_
cl3Nnf] dlxgfsf] cGTodf /x]sf] :jb]zL lgIf]k bfloTj -v_
sfod ug'{ kg]{ j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft -u_-v_ * %
a9Lgk'u /sd -3_ -s_-u_
** o; a}+ssf] ;fwf/0f vftfdf ePsf] df}HbftnfO{ dfq clgjfo{ df}Hbftdf u0fgf ul/g] 5 . o; a}+sdf ljz]if
k|of]hgsf] nflu vf]lnPsf] ljz]if vftf tyf ljb]zL d'b|f vftfdf /x]sf] /sdnfO{ o; k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g]
5}g . ;fy}, j}wflgs t/ntfdf clgjfo{ df}Hbft /sd u0fgf ubf{ dlxgfe/sf] cf};t df}Hbft /sd ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
*** /fli6o:t/ jfx]ssf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] dfu]sf jvt k|fKt x'g] u/L cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df /fv]sf] /sd,
eGg] a'em\g' kb{5 .
ldltM
clws[tM
210
211
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_
-h_
-em_
s'g} lhNnfleq % jf ;f]eGbf a9L j}+ls OsfO{ ePsf] cj:yf /x]tfklg s'g} ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt
jf gu/kflnsfdf s'g} klg a}+ls sf/f]jf/ ug]{ OsfO{ gePsf] ljz]if Joj:yf cGt/ut ;+:yfkgf
eO{ ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ul//x]sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] zfvf sfof{no tyf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf]
yk sfof{no vf]Ng kfpg] 5}g .
zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng] lg0f{o ubf{ jf ;+rfngsf] ;dodf dfly plNnlvt zt{ tyf Joj:yfx?
k"/f gePsf / Joj:yfkg ;'wf/sf] k|s[ofdf /x]sf ;+:yfx?n] laz]if cj:yfdf o; a}sn]
tf]lslbPsf] zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL zfvf sfof{nocGo sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ kfpg]5 .
zfvf lj:tf/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ubf{ k|:tfljt If]qsf] Joj;flos sf/f]jf/, a}+ls ;]jfsf] kx'Fr
tyf pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 s[lif, phf{, ko{6g / n3' pBdsf] If]qdf shf{ k|jfxdf x'g
;Sg] j[l4sf] l:ylt emNsg] u/L k]z ul/Psf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/
agfOg] 5 . zfvf :yfkgfsf] nflu k]z ul/g] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfljt zfvf
:yfkgfsf nflu x'g] k"FhLut tyf cGo vr{x?, tLg jif{leqdf ;f]xL ;+:yfsf] cGt/zfvf Aofh
cfDbfgL afx]ssf a}+ls sf/f]af/af6 k|:tfljt zfvf d'gfkmfdf ;+rflnt x'g ;Sg] cfwf/ ;d]t
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
s ju{ / /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;++:yfx?n] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf]
pkl:ylt Go"g /x]sf tf]lsPsf #) lhNnfdf zfvf vf]n]df ;b/d'sfddf ?= %) nfv;Dd /
;b/d'sfdeGbf aflx/ = ! s/f]8;Dd o; a}+saf6 z"Go Aofhb/df shf{ ;'lawf pknJw
u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . t/, k|d'v /fhdfu{ / ;f];Fu hf]l8Psf uf=lj=;=gu/kflnsfdf vf]lng]
zfvfsf] nflu o:tf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fOg] 5}g . z"Go Aofhb/df shf{ k|jfx ;DaGwL k|s[ofut
Aoj:yf, @)^& tyf td;'s cg';'rLdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 .
o; Joj:yf adf]lhd z'Go Aofhb/df shf{ lng rfxg] jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] o; a}+saf6 hf/L
lgb]{zg adf]lhd s[lif / phf{ If]qdf ug'{kg]{ nufgL k"/f u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq o:tf] shf{ ;'ljwf
pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
ljQLo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr sd ePsf dgf, x'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, sflnsf]6, d'u', hfh/sf]6, aemf, afh'/f /
bfr'{nf u/L ( lhNnfdf 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfn] zfvf vf]nL ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng u/]df
k|lt zfvf ?= !% nfv z'Go Jofhb/df shf{ ;'ljwf pknJw u/fOg]5 . o:tf] shf{ ;'ljwf z'Go
Aofhb/df shf{ k|jfx ;DaGwL k|s[ofut Joj:yf, @)^& df plNnlvt k|lqmof adf]lhd k|bfg
ul/g] 5 .
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] pkl:ylt Go"g /x]sf tf]lsPsf #)
lhNnfdf sDtLdf Ps zfvf / sf7df08f} pkTosf aflx/ cGoq Ps zfvf u/L b'O{j6f zfvf
vf]nL ;+rfngdf NofP kZrft dfq sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq Ps zfvf vf]Ng :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{
;lsg] 5 . pkTosf leq zfvf vf]Ng lgj]bg k]z ubf{ o;/L vf]lng] zfvfsf] nflu aflx/
vf]lnPsf zfvfx?sf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 .
t/, pko'{Qm Joj:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf :yfgdf zfvf lj:tf/ ug{ jfwf k'/\ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
/fli6o:t/sf ;+:yfx? afx]ssf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf cfkm\gf] :jLs[t
sfo{If]qleq zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ .
s ju{sf Ohfhtk|qk|fKt ;++:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt gofF a}+ssf] sf7df08f}+ pkTosfleq
s]Gb|Lo sfof{noskf]{/]6 sfof{no / Pp6f zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ .
cfoft lgof{t Jofkf/sf nflu k|d'v eG;f/ gfsf dflgPsf sfFs8lef, lj/f6gu/, jL/u+h,
e}/xjf, g]kfnu+h / wgu9Ldf PsPsj6f zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ .
gf]6M k"j{ Joj:yf cg';f/ @)^& c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf ;+rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L ^ dlxgfleq sf7df08f}
pkTosf jflx/ vf]lnPsf zfvf sfof{nox?nfO{ o; k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-`_
@=
o; lgb]{zgsf] k|of]hgsf nflu kfFry/, tfKn]h', t]x|y'd, ;+v'jf;ef, ef]hk'/, vf]6f, cf]vn9+'uf,
bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, /;'jf, dgf, c3f{vfFrL, d':tf, /f]Nkf, ?s'd, ;Nofg, Ko'7fg, h'Dnf, d'u',
x'Dnf, sfnLsf]6, 8f]Nkf, b}n]v, hfh/sf]6, aemf, 8f]6L, afh'/f, c5fd, bfr'{nf / a}t8L u/L #)
lhNnfx?nfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] pkl:ylt Go"g /x]sf lhNnfx? egL tf]lsPsf] 5 .
zfvfsfof{no aGb tyf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
-s_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]] o; a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt ljgf zfvf jf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] sfof{no aGb
212
#=
$=
%=
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_
-h_
213
-em_
^=
&=
PS:6]G;g sfp06/ zfvfdf kl/jt{g x'g] ePdf zfvf :yfkgf ;DaGwL gLltut k|s[of k"/f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-`_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt /fli6o:t/sf s, v / u ju{sf ;+:yfnfO{ qmdzM a9Ldf %, % / #
j6f;Dd tyf /fli6o:t/ afx]ssf v / u ju{sf ;+:yfnfO{ a9Ldf # j6f;Dd PS:6]G;g
sfp06/ :yfkgf ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;fy}, cl3Nnf] cf=j= df ? ! cj{eGbf a9Lsf]
jfXo /]ld6\ofG; e'QmfgL ug]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?nfO{ yk % :yfgdf PS;6]G;g sfp06/
:yfkgf ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-6_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] pkl:ylt gePsf] :yfga:tLdf
PS:6]G;g sfp06/ vf]Ng k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .
;Dks{k|ltlglw sfof{no ;DjGwL Joj:yf
a}b]lzs z]o/ nufgL ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf :yfkgf ePsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] dfq o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf
zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL ;Dks{k|ltlglw sfof{no vf]Ng kfpg] 5g\ .
3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf afl0fHo a}+s / /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljsf; a}+sx?n] a}+ls+u ;'ljwfsf] kx'Fr
gePsf] :yfgdf b]xfosf] gLltut Joj:yf tyf zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfof{no /fv]/ 3'DtL
a}+ls+u ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg]] 5g\ .
!=
3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf / gu/kflnsf
afx]s b]ze/ s'g} klg :yfgdf cfkm\gf] a}+ssf] s'g} glhssf] zfvfnfO{ ;Dks{lgoGq0f sfof{no
tf]s]/ ;+rfng sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .
@=
3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jfdf ;+nUg x'g] gub, dfu{:y gub -Cash in Transit_, ;jf/L ;fwg, sd{rf/L tyf
cGo ;DklQsf] aLdf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .
#=
;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] of] ;]jf ;+rfng ubf{ cfOkg]{ ;'/Iff k|0ffnL nufotsf ;Dk"0f{
hf]lvd klxrfg / Joj:yfkg cfkm}+n] ug{' kg]{5 .
$=
3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf pknAw u/fP afkt ljBdfg k|rlnt ;]jf z'Ns afx]s cGo s'g}klg ;]jfz'Ns
;]jfu|fxL;+u lng kfOg] 5}g . sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f / k|efj u|fxssf] vftfdf tTsfn emNsg]
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
%=
3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] :yfg cflbsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . cfjZostfg';f/ :yfgLo k|x/L, k|zf;g;+u
t'?Gt ;Dks{ ug{u/fpg ;Sg] u/L cfw'lgs ;+rf/ ;fwgsf] ;'ljwf x'g' kg]{5 .
^=
;'/Iff l:ylt tyf :yfg ljZf]if x]/L 3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ rfxg] ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/
/sdsf] ;Ldf cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
&=
3'DtL a}+ls+usf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnL ?k}+ofdf dfq lgIf]k tyf e'QmfgL ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
*=
3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf pknAw u/fOg] :yfgdf xltof/ ;lxtsf] ;'/Iff uf8{ x'g' kg]{5 .
(=
a}+ssf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ljefun] 3'DtL a}+ls+u sf/f]af/nfO{ ;'/lIft agfpg lglZrt
dfkb08 agfO{ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;f] ;DaGwL sf/f]af/nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g' kg]{5 .
!)= 3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ ;+:yfn] u|fxssf] lgIf]k ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ tyf /]ld6\ofG; ;]jf
pknAw u/fpg] afx]ssf cGo ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!!=
;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] of] ;]jf ;+rfng ubf{ k|of]u ug]{ ;jf/L ;fwgdf cfjZos
;]jf k|bfg ug{ k"jf{wf/ / ;"rgf k|0ffnL h8fg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
!@=
3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jfdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln] :jLs[t ef}uf]lns If]qdf dfq uPsf] k|dfl0ft x'g] ;jf/L
;fwgsf] nu a's tyf cGo sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#=
a}+ssf] Network / Database k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g' kg]{5 . k|fljlws Joj:yfkgdf s'g} ;d:of cfO{
lgIf]k tyf e'QmfgL sf/f]af/ k|efljt eO{ Database Iflt ePdf ;f] Ifltsf] k"0f{ hjfkmb]lxtf
;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g} x'g]5 .
!$= Software Data nfO{ ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf tTsfn k|jfx / ;"rgf ljlgdo ug{
Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ 5 .
!%=
3'DtL a}+ls+u sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwL lg0f{o ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltaf6
ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
214
!^=
*=
(=
dfly pNn]lvt zt{x?, cGo k|rlnt sfg'g / o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL o; a}+ssf]
k"j{:jLs[lt lnP/ dfq 3'DtL a}+ls+u ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
;Lldt a}+ls OsfO{ -Limited Banking Outlets_ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf a}+s / /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljsf; a}+sx?n] ;Lldt a}+ls OsfO{
-Limited Banking Outlets_ sf] ?kdf sfof{no -lgoldt ?kdf sd{rf/L v6fO{ jf tf]lsPsf] lbgdf
sd{rf/L v6fO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{]_ :yfkgf u/L b]xfosf] gLltut Joj:yf tyf zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL a}+ls
;]jfsf] kFx'r gk'u]sf -sf7df08f}+ pkTosf, b]zsf cGo pkdxfgu/kflnsfgu/kflnsf afx]ssf_
If]qx?df ;Lldt a}+ls OsfO{ dfkm{t a}+ls+u ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
gLltut Joj:yf tyf zt{x?M
;Lldt a}+ls ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwL lg0f{o ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltaf6 ePsf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
;Lldt a}+ls OsfO{ dfkm{t ;]jf k|bfg ug{ rfxg] ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ /sdsf] ;Ldf cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f
ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
;DalGwt ;+:yfn] of] ;]jf ;+rfng ubf{ cfOkg]{ ;'/Iff k|0ffnL nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd klxrfg /
Joj:yfkg cfkm}+n] ug{' kg]{5 .
;Lldt a}+ls ;]jf pknAw u/fOg] :yfgdf kof{Kt ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
;Lldt a}+ls OsfO{ ;]jfdf ;+nUg x'g] gub, dfu{:y gub -Cash in Transit_, ;jf/L ;fwg, sd{rf/L
tyf cGo ;DklQsf] aLdf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
;Lldt a}+ls OsfO{ dfkm{t ;]jf pknAw u/fP afkt ljBdfg k|rlnt ;]jf z'Ns afx]s cGo s'g}klg
;]jfz'Ns ;]jfu|fxL;+u lng kfOg] 5}g . sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f / k|efj u|fxssf] vftfdf tTsfn emNsg]
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
;Lldt a}+ls OsfO{sf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnL ?k}+ofdf dfq lgIf]k tyf e'QmfgL ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 /
cGt/f{li6o:t/df sf/f]jf/ -Cross Border Transaction_ ug{ / e'QmfgL ;]jfdf j}b]lzs d'b|fsf] k|of]u ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
;+:yfn] u|fxsnfO{ lgIf]k, e'QmfgL tyf shf{ ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ / cfGtl/s /]ld6\ofG; ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg] afx]ssf cGo ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
;+:yfsf] Network / Database k"0f{ ;'/lIft x'g' kg]{5 . k|fljlws Joj:yfkgdf s'g} ;d:of cfO{ lgIf]k
tyf e'QmfgL sf/f]af/ k|efljt eO{ Database Iflt ePdf ;f] Ifltsf] k"0f{ hjfkmb]lxtf ;DalGwt
;+:yfsf] g} x'g]5 .
sf/f]jf/ ;DkGg eP kZrft ;DalGwt glhssf] zfvf jf Parent zfvf jf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
Software Data Transfer clgjfo{ u/L s]Gb|Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf tTsfn k|jfx / ;"rgf ljlgdo ug{]
Joj:yf Pj+ pko'Qm Backup sf] ;d]t Joj:yf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
o:tf] ;'ljwf tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf sDtLdf xKtfsf] @ lbg pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ljefun] ;Lldt a}+ls sf/f]af/nfO{ ;'/lIft agfpg lglZrt dfkb08
agfO{ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;f] ;DaGwL sf/f]af/nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g' kg]{5 .
sf/f]af/ ubf{ u|fxs klxrfg nufot ;DklQ z'l4s/0f ;DaGwL lgb]{zgsf] k"0f{ kl/kfngf u/]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
dfly pNn]lvt zt{x?, cGo k|rlnt sfg'g / o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf /xL o; a}+ssf]
k"j{:jLs[lt lnP/ dfq ;Lldt a}+ls ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .
s ju{sf jfl0fHo a}+sxn] ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf jfl0fHo a}+sxn] lgDgfg';f/sf zt{ tyf dfkb08xsf] clwgdf /xL
ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] gLltut tyf k|s[ofut Joj:yf sfod ul/Psf]]
5.
zt{ tyf dfkb08x?
-!_
zfvf lj:tf/ ug{sf nflu k|:tfljt :yfg ljQLo?kn] ;DefJo /x]sf] :ynut cWoog k|ltj]bg
-Feasibility Study Report) k|:tfljt Jofj;fosf] of]hgf, t'ngfTds nfutnfe ljZn]if0f Comparative Cost-benefit Analysis), Jofj;flos /0fgLlt tyf ;+rfng ug]{ sf/f]af/sf] lsl;d,
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f, hf]lvd Joj:yfkg / Host Country ;+u g]kfnsf] lkIfLo ;DaGwsf] ljj/0f
o; a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
215
-@_
-#_
-$_
-%_
-^_
-&_
-*_
-(_
-!)_
-!!_
-!@_
-!#_
-!$_
-!%_
-!^_
s ju{sf] afl0fHo a}+sn] ljb]zdf zfvf vf]Ng cfj]bg k]z ubf{ Go"gtd r'Qmf k'FhL -xfn ?= @
ca{_ k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
h'g b]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ul/g] xf], ;f] b]z (Host Country) sf] lgofds lgsfon] tf]s]sf]
k'FhL -Assigned Capital_ k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] k'FhLsf] Joj:yfkg ul/g] ;|f]t ;d]t v'n]sf] ljj/0f
cfj]bgsf] ;fydf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
h'g b]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ul/g] xf], pQm b]zaf6 nfef+; (Dividend)d'gfkmfsf] ?kdf
ljb]zL d'b|fdf g]kfn leq\ofpg Pjd\ syd\sbflrt ljb]zl:yt zfvf sfof{no aGb ug'{ kg]{
cj:yf cfPdf tf]lsPsf] k'FhL -Assigned Capital_ h'g ljb]zL d'b|fdf nluPsf] xf], ;f]xL ljb]zL
d'b|fdf jf kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fdf clgjfo{ kdf :jb]zdf lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ x'Fbf ;f] ;d]tsf
ljifodf Host Country sf] P]g tyf gLltut Joj:yfn] g/f]Sg] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft ;d]t
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
o; a}saf6 Ohfhhkq k|bfg ubf{ tf]lsPsf zt{x? k"/f ug{'sf ;fy} ljb]zdf zfvf vf]Ng'
cufl8sf] q}dfl;s ljQLo ljj/0fdf o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k'FhLsf]if k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
ljb]zdf /x]sf] zfvf sfof{nodf ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{sf] nflu g]6jls{ (Networking) u/L jf
ljB'tLo dfWodjf6 s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf tTsfn cfj4 x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
l7s cl3Nnf] qodf;df lgliqmo shf{ (Non Performing Loan) kfFr k|ltzteGbf sd ePsf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf;+rfng ug]{ ;DaGwL lg0f{o ;DalGwt a}+ssf] ;~rfns
;ldltaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 . ;~rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]sf] ldltn] !% lbg leq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L o;
a}+snfO{ u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . o; a}+snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] Ps ;o aL; lbgleqdf :jLs[lt lbOg]
5 . ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgfsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleqdf zfvf
sfof{no vf]nL sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . pQm tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq zfvf sfof{no
;+rfng ug{ g;s]gePdf :jLs[lt :jtM /2 x'g]5 / k'gM :yfkgf ug{] :jLs[ltsf] nflu gofF
k|s[ofaf6 lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
o; a]}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu / a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{
k|rlnt Joj:yf adf]lhd ljQLo ljj/0fx?df ljb]zdf ;+rflnt zfvf sfof{nosf] ljQLo ljj/0f
PsLs[t -Consolidate_ tyf 5'} -Separately_ ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{ s ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]] o; a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt
ljgf pQm zfvf sfof{no aGb ug{ jf :yfgfGt/0f ug{ jf ufEg kfpg] 5}gg\ .
ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{ s ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ljb]zL zfvf
sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf kl/jt{g ug{ jf :yfgfGt/0f ug{ rfx]df o; a}ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
ljb]zdf zfvf vf]Ng rfxg] a}+sn] ;DalGwt Host Country n] tf]s]sf dfkb08 cg'?k No
Objection Letter k|fKt eP kZrft o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{ tyf gLltut Joj:yfx?sf] kfngf
u/]kl5 o; a}+sn] No Objection Letter k|bfg ug]{5 .
ljb]zdf zfvf vf]Ng rfxg] a}+sn] ;DalGwt Host Country sf] lgofds ;+:yfsf] lgb]{zg / o;
a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] k'FhLsf] ljj/0f / k'FhL kof{Kttf ;b}j k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
ljb]zl:yt zfvfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] k'FhL -Assigned Capital_ afx]ssf] s'g} klg /sd
jf kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|f ljb]z n}hfg kfOg] 5}g .
ljb]zl:yt zfvfn] u/]sf] Jofj;flos sfd sf/jfxLsf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ cfjZos x'g]
/sd tyf cGo s'g} klg bfloTj /fi6 a}+sn] dfu u/]sf] avt pknAw u/fpg] 5f}+ egL g]kfndf
/x]sf] d'Vo sDkgL -Parent Company_ sf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] u/]sf] lnlvt k|lta4tf o;
a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
ljb]zl:yt zfvfsf] ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]jf/x?sf] lgodg / ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ clwsf/ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s /
Host Country sf] lgofds / ;'kl/j]Ifsdf cGtlg{lxt /xg]5 . k|rlnt Joj:yf adf]lhd To:tf
zfvfx?sf] cfjlws ?kdf u}/ :ynut -Off-site_ tyf :ynut -On-site_ ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{
lgoldt ?kdf ul/g]5 . ;f] ;'kl/j]If0fsf] sfo{sf] nflu ;DalGwt a}+sn] ;+:yfut 9+un] g}
;'kl/j]IfsnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
216
-!&_
!)=
!!=
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg, kl/kq,
dfu{bz{g OToflb -cGoyf pNn]v ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s_ ljb]zl:yt zfvfsf] xsdf ;d]t
nfu" x'g]5 . To:tf zfvfx?sf] nflu s'g} ljz]if Joj:yf ug'{ k/]df jf lgsfzf lbg' k/]df g]kfn
/fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostfg';f/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . gLltut lgb]{zg tyf sfg'gsf] kfngf gu/]df k|rlnt
/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o k|rng cg';f/ sf/jfxL / b08 hl/jfgf ul/g] 5 .
-!*_ ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{ s ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]] o; k|of]hgsf] nflu
cfj]bg lb+bf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf kmf/fd e/L btf{ z'Ns afkt ?= b'O{ nfv -lkmtf{ gx'g]_ sf]
g]=/f=a}+= gf=gf]=cf=lx;fadf hDdf u/]sf] ef}r/sf] cw{sL ;d]t k]z u/L cfj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-!(_ ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no ;+rfng ubf{ ckgfOg] a}+ls+u sfo{ljlw, shf{ lgb]{lzsf nufotsf
sfuhft oyf;do o; a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . Host Country sf] lgofds jf ;'kl/j]Ifsn]
nufPsf] b08, h/Ljfgf tyf ;'zf;g ;DaGwL sf/jfxLsf] hfgsf/L !% lbgleq o; a}+ssf]
lgodg ljefu / ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@)_ ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no ;+rfng ubf{ ;DklQ z'l4s/0f lgjf/0f P]gsf] kl/kfngf k"0f{ ?kn]
ug'{u/fpg' kg]{5 .
zfvfsfof{no ;DjGwL lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/]df x'g] sf/jfxL
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]] zfvfsfof{no ;DjGwL o; lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/L zfvf sfof{no vf]nL
;+rfng u/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* adf]lhd b]xfosf sf/jfxL ul/g]5,
!_
k|s[of tyf zt{ k"/f gu/L vf]lnPsf zfvf tTsfn} aGb ul/g] / cfufdL @ jif{;Dd yk zfvf vf]Ng
gkfOg] .
@_
k|s[of tyf zt{ k"/f gu/L zfvf sfof{no ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{odf ;+NfUg ;+rfnsx?nfO{ g]kfn
/fi6 a}s P]g @)%*, sf] bkmf !)) -@_ jdf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL / ;hfo x'g] .
#_
a}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DjGwL P]g, @)^# / k|rlnt cGo sfg'g jdf]lhd s'g} klg sf/jfxL ug{
;lsg] .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] zfvf sfof{no ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= !$)^* af6 hf/L
ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt
;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
217
cg';"rL !$=!
zfvfsfof{no vf]Ng] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf
>L g]kfn /fi6 a}+s
ldltM =======================
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu
afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}+ .
laifoM zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng] :jLs[lt jf/] .
dxfzo,
To; a}+ssf] PsLs[t lgb]{zg g+= !$)^( n] tf]s]sf zt{x?sf] k"0f{ kfngf u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] :yfgdf zfvf
sfof{noPS6]G;g sfof{no vf]Ng] u/L o; a}+ssf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o g+= ===== ldlt =================== af6 lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf
To+xfsf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
!= a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf M
@= k|:tfljt zfvf :yfkgf ul/g] :yfg, lhNnfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf M
#= ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f
-s_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ldlt
M
-v_ ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldlt M
-u_ ;+:yfsf] l7s cl3Nnf] qodf;sf] r'Qmf k'FhL M
-3_ ;+:yfsf] s"n shf{ /sd M
-_ kl5Nnf] cf=j= sf] clGtd n]vfk/LIfsjf6 k|dfl0ft s"n lgliqmo shf{ /sd / k|ltzt M
-r_ xfn;Dd ;+rfngdf /x]sf zfvf ;+Vof
M
-5_ gofF zfvf sfof{no vf]n]kl5 x'g] zfvf ;+Vof M
-h_ @)^$ r}q d;fGtkl5 vf]lnPsf zfvfsf] ljj/0f -qmdfg';f/_
c_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/sf] ljj/0f M
cf_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf] ljj/0f M
O_
tf]lsPsf #) lhNnfxdWo]sf] ljj/0f M
O{_
u ju{sf] xsdf sf7df08f} pkTosf afx]ssf @ j6feGbf sd a}+ls+u OsfO{ ePsf] :yfgdf vf]n]sf zfvfsf]
ljj/0f M
$= k|:tfljt zfvfsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] / yk u/L x'g] s'n r'Qmf k'FhLsf] ljj/0f -u ju{sf] nflu_ M
%= k|:tfljt zfvfsf] nflu sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/ vf]lnPsf zfvfsf] ljj/0f M
s_ tf]lsPsf #) lhNnfxleq M
v_ tf]lsPsf #) lhNnfx afx]s cGoq M
^= zfvf sfof{nos]Gb|Lo sfof{no;Fu ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfgsf] nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw (Networking) sf] ljj/0fM
&= ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/ hf/L u/]sf] ldlt M
*= q}dfl;s k'FhLsf]ifsf] k|ltzt M
qodf;
k|fylds k'FhL k|ltzt
k'FhLsf]if k|ltzt
@)^== cfiff9
@)^== cflZjg
@)^== kf}if
@)^== r}q
(= k'FhL of]hgf adf]lhdg]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd kl5Nnf] cf=a= sf] cGTodf,
-s_ k"/f x'g' kg]{ r'Qmf k'FhL
M
-v_ xfn sfod /x]sf] r'Qmf k'FhL
M
!)= ;+:yfsf] sfo{If]qsf] ljj/0f
M
!!= zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng] lg0f{odf ;+nUg /x]sf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f,
-s_ ;+rfns ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?
M
-v_ k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tsDkgL ;lrj
M
gf]6M ;+efJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgdf lgb]{zgdf pNn]lvt ljifox? clgjfo{?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ .
;fy}, o; a}sn] zfvf sfof{no ;+rfng ug]{ ldltdf ;d]t dfly plNnlvt ;Dk"0f{ zt{ tyf Joj:yfx? kfngf ug]{5f} . dfly
plNnlvt ljj/0fx? l7s ;fFrf] xf], s'g} ljj/0fdf km/s k/]df k|rlnt sfg'g tyf To; a}+ssf] PsLs[t lgb]{zg g+= !$)^( df
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf/jfxL ePdf d~h'/L ePsf] Joxf]/f cjut u/fpFb5f}+ .
218
cg';"rL !$=@
219
cg';"rL !$=#
-z"Go Aofhb/sf] shf{ td;'ssf] gd"gf_
lnlvtd wgLsf gfd sf=lh= sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !! yfkfynLl:yt g]kfn /fi6 a}+s, a}ls sfof{no cfu] ;f] /sd
C0f lng] C0fLsf] gfd ====================================s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /x]sf]========================================= lnld6]8n]
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 z"Go Aofhb/df shf{ k|bfg ug{] ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf $( n] u/]sf]
Joj:yf cGtu{t g]kfn /fi6 a}+s;Fu cfhsf ldltdf ?= ============ ==========-cIf/]kL ================================================
============== dfq_ shf{ lnPsf] l7s ;fFrf] xf] . pQm shf{ lnPsf] /sdafkt C0fLn] cfgf] lgDg adf]lhdsf]] a}+sn]
shf{sf] nflu o; a}+snfO{ n]lvlbPsf] td;'snfO{ shf{ ;'ljwfsf] nflu lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] ?kdf /flvlbPsf 5f}+ . tkl;n
adf]lhdsf] lwtf] ljj/0f tyf zt{x? / o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 hf/L ljBdfg gLltut Joj:yf tyf g]kfn
/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] zt{dfkb08 kfngf ug]{5f}+ . zt{x? kfngf gu/]df pQm lwtf] tyf C0fL a}+ssf]
cGo rncrn ;DklQ ;d]taf6 pQm /sd c;'n u/L lng' egL a}+ssf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o;xdlt ;d]t
/x]sf]n] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s, a}+ls sfof{no, yfkfynL, sf7df8f}+df a;L of] td;'s n]vL wgL g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf r9fof}+ .
tkl;n
zt{x?M
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
s,v / u ju{sf] ;+:yfsf] xsdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] pkl:ylt Go"g /x]sf tf]lsPsf #)
lhNnfdf :yfkgf x'g] zfvfx?sf] nflu dfq / 3 ju{sf] ;+:yfsf] xsdf ljQLo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr sd ePsf
tf]lsPsf ( lhNnfdf :yfkgf x'g] zfvfx?sf] nflu dfq a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] of] ;'ljwf pkof]u u/L
;+rfng vr{ k|of]hgsf nflu vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5 .
z"Go Aofhb/sf] shf{ ;'ljwf cGtu{tsf] shf{sf] ;fFjf e'QmfgL shf{ k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq
clgjfo{?kdf ug'{kg]{5 . shf{ ;'ljwf e'QmfgL cjlw cl3 g} k"j{e'QmfgL -Pre-payment_ ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]
5 . of] shf{ pkef]u u/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;fFjf e'StfgL Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] lbg ;f] /sd
e'StfgL gu/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+sl:yt ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] h'g;'s} vftf vr{ n]vL shf{ c;'npk/ ul/lng
/ ;f] sf] vr{ (Debit_ ug]{ clVtof/L g]kfn /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . o;df kl5 s'g} ph'/L jf bfjL
ul/g] 5}g .
lgwf{l/t ;doleq shf{ e'Stfg gu/]df e'Qmfg x'g afFsL /sddf ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f]
cjlwdf k|sflzt u/]sf] shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] clwstd Aofhb/ g} k]gfn Aofhb/ x'g]5 . g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn]
C0fL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg vftf vr{ -Debit_ u/L /sd c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
z"Go Aofhb/sf] of] shf{sf] ;'/If0fjfkt g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hf/L ePsf C0fkqx?, /jf ;f] ;+:yfsf] o;
a}+ssf] yfkfynLl:yt a}+ls sfof{no jf cGo sfof{nox?df k|of]hg v'nfO{ jf gv'nfO{ vf]lnPsf] a}+s vftfdf
/x]sf] df}Hbft /sd tyf Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ ln+bf tof/ ul/Psf] shf{ td;'s .
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] k|bfg u/]sf] z"Go Aofhb/sf] shf{ ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf ;do ;dodf cGo ljj/0f dfu]sf]
v08df tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq C0fL a}+sn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
C0f k|of]u ;DaGwdf o;};fy ;+nUg gLltut zt{ tyf dfkb08x? kfngf ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 .
;f] adf]lhd gu/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g / cGo k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/
;hfo ePdf d~h'/L 5 .
Olt ;Dat\ @)==== ;fn ============ dlxgf =======ut] /f]h ======= z'ed\
220
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgIf]kdf k|bfg ug]{ / shf{ tyf ;fk6df lng] Aofhb/ ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s
P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &( n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L b]xfosf] lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
Aofhb/ ;DjGwL Joj:yf
s v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgIf]kdf lbg] / shf{ tyf ;fk6df lng] Aofhb/ lgwf{/0f
ug{ / To:tf] Aofhb/sf] k|sf/ tyf sfo{ljlw cfkm+}n] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
;db/df Aofhb/ tf]Sg aGb]h
3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf afx]s cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ tyf ;fk6df ;db/ (Flat rate)
df Aofhb/ tf]Sg kfOg] 5}g .
Aofhb/ lg0f{o u/fP/ nfu" ug'{ kg]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgIf]kdf lbg] / shf{ tyf ;fk6df lng] Aofhb/, Aofh u0fgf ljlw, xhf{gf
nufpg] ljlw, ;]jf z'Ns / sldzg b/ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lg0f{o u/fO{ nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgIf]kdf k|bfg ug]{ k|sflzt Aofhb/df z"Go bzdnj kfFr k|ltzt laGb';Dd
a9fpg ;Sg]5g\ eg] shf{sf] Aofhb/sf] xsdf k|sflzt Aofhb/eGbf a9L b/ sfod ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
t/, -s_ cIfosf]if jf % jif{ eGbfa9L e'QmfgL cjlw ePsf]] lgIf]kdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf /
u|fxsjLrsf] cfk;L ;xdltsf] cfwf/df Aofhb/ sfod ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-v_ af]nsaf]n -Bidding_ sf] cfwf/df ;+sng x'g] ;+:yfut lgIf]ksf] xsdf k|sflzt Aofhb/sf]
Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
Aofhb/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] x/]s qodf; ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq lgIf]k tyf shf{sf] Aofh b/
o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu / ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf clgjfo{?kdf k7fpg'
kg]{5 . ;fy}, Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] a'Fbf g+ # df plNnlvt Aofhb/ ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ Aoj:Yff Pj+ ljlwx?
z'?df nfu" ubf{ / To;kl5 k|To]s k6s ;+zf]wg ubf{ ;f]sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f ;ft lbgleq pknJw u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
Aofhb/ ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{
s v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] lgIf]kdf lbg] / shf{ tyf ;fk6df lng] Aofhb/ ;+zf]wg
ubf{ tyf a'Fbf g+ $ jdf]lhdsf] ljj/0f q}dfl;s ?kdf /fli6o :t/sf ;+:yfx?n] /fli6o b}lgs klqsf
dfkm{t\ / If]qLo :t/sf ;+:yfn] If]qLolhNnf :t/sf klqsf dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy},
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] rNtL tyf jrt vftfdf sfod ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd df}Hbftsf] /sd yk36 u/]sf]
cj:yfdf ;d]t klqsf dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/, 3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] Aofhb/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf cfkm\gf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; u/L
;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
ljkGg ju{ shf{sf] Jofh b/df ;x'lnot lbg]
o; a}+saf6 hf/L O=k|f lgb]{zg g++ !& -ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ug'{kg]{ shf{ ;DaGwL Joj:Yff_ adf]lhd blnt,
d'Qm sd}of, jfbL, xlnof, G lkl8t, Psn dlxnf, ckf tyf h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?af6 k|jfx x'g] ljkGg ju{ shf{df lng] Aofh b/df Ps k|ltzt laGb'n] ;x'lnot lbg] Joj:yf
ug'{kg]{5 .
221
&=
*=
(=
!)=
222
223
;+:yfx? -x'nfs art a}+s ;d]t_ sf] xsdf dfq art vftf vf]Ng ;Sg]5 . k|fs[lts
JolQmgfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zo g/fvL :yflkt ;+:yfx? afx]s cGo ;+:yflgsfojf6 art vftf
vf]n]sf] cj:yfdf cljnDj aGb ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, :jLsfo{ a}+ls dfGotf cg'?k ;DalGwt
;+:yfn] r]sa's hf/L ug]{ vftf tyf hf/L gug]{ vftf 5'ofO{ ;f]xL cfwf/df r]sa's hf/L ug]{
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, pQm Joj:yfn] k|fs[lts JolQm afx]ssf cGo ;+3, ;+:yf, sDkgL nufotsf ck|fs[lts
JolQmn] Aofh cfh{g x'g] u/L art vftf afx]ssf cGo vftf vf]Ng afwf k'ofpg] 5}g .
$
;fk6L lng ;Sg]
-!_
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] a'Fbf g+= ! df plNnlvt ;Ldfleq /xL Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf, JolQm,
kmd{, sDkgL tyf ;+ul7t ;+:yf;+u ;fk6L lng ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf cGt//fli6o ;+3;+:yfaf6
s'g} cfly{s ;xfotf jf C0f lng'k/]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] o; a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
ljb]zL d'b|fdf cfly{s bfloTj gkg]{ u/L ljb]zL ;+:yf jf lghsf] g]kfn /fHodf :yflkt ;+:yf jf
kl/of]hgfaf6 o; a}+saf6 k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] :jb]zL d'b|fdf C0f tyf
cg'bfg lng ;Sg]5g\ .
%=
l8a]~r/ tyf cGo C0f pks/0fx? hf/L ug{] ;DaGwL Joj:yf
b]xfodf plNnlvt zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] a'Fbf g+= ! sf] clwgdf /xL a9Ldf cfkm\gf]
k|fylds k'FhLsf] krf; k|ltzt;Ddsf] l8a]~r/cGo C0f pks/0f hf/L ug{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu o; a}+sdf
lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] lgj]bg dfly cfjZos 5fgjLg u/L pko'Qm 7fg]df o; a}+sn] l8a]~r/
tyf cGo C0f pks/0f hf/L ug{] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 M
-!_
ljQLo sf/f]af/ k|f/De u/]sf] kfFr jif{ k"/f ePsf],
-@_
;j{;fwf/0fdf ljqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{ z]o/ ljqmL ljt/0f u/L lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df ;"rLs[t
eO;s]sf],
-#_
;+lrt gf]S;fgL afFsL g/x]sf] .
t/, l8a]~r/ tyf cGo C0f pks/0f hf/L ug{ :jLs[lt lng] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n]
Discount Factor cGt/ut /fVg' kg]{ Capital Redemption Reserve clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
^=
lgIf]k sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cGo k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd lgIf]k kl/rfng tyf shf{sf]
sf/f]jf/ ul//x]sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df lgIf]k /fVg tyf shf{sf] sf/f]jf/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g . t/, n3' ljQsf]
yf]s sf/f]jf/ ug]{ u/L :yfkgf ePsf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf pko{'Qm Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
&=
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ps csf{df lgIf]k vftf vf]Ng]
;DaGwdf
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt cGo s'g}
klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lgIf]k ;DaGwL sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;+:yfdf Aofh k|fKt x'g]
u/L s'g} klg k|sf/sf] :jb]zL lgIf]k vftf vf]Ng kfOg] 5}g .
-v_ t/, of] Joj:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf /sdx? Aofh cfh{g x'g] u/L /fVg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
sd{rf/L cjsfz sf]if jfktsf] /sd,
z'? ;fj{hlgs lgisf;g, k'gM ;fj{hlgs lgisf;g / xsk|b z]o/ lgisf;gaf6 ;+sng ePsf] /sd
hDdf u/L Aofh cfh{g x'g] c:yfoL k|s[ltsf lgIf]k vftf,
ljb]zL d'b|fsf] vftf,
-u_ pko'{Qm a'Fbf g+= -v_ afx]ssf Aofh cfh{g x'g] u/L o; k"j{ vf]lnPsf vftfsf] xsdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{
kg]{5M
d'2tL lgIf]k vftfx? ;f] sf] e'QmfgL cjlw -Maturity Period_ ;dfKt eP kZrft gjLs/0f gug]{ .
Jofh cfh{g x'g] cGo k|s[ltsf vftfx? @)^* kf}if d;fGtleq aGb ug]{ .
-3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt v / u ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfdf dfu]sf] avt lkmtf{ kfpg] vftf vf]nL @)&) cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd /sd /fVg ;Sg] u/L 5'6 k|bfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
224
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
225
-%_
!@=
!#=
C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/ hf/L ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgf leqdf g]kfn
lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/df ;"rLs[t ug{' kg{],
-^_
C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/ lgisfzg ug'{ cl3 tof/ ul/g] ljj/0fkq o;
a}+ssf] ;xdlt lnP/ dfq k|sflzt ug{' kg{],
-&_
C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf] /sd e'QmfgL ug{ l;h{gf ul/g] C0fkq
e'QmfgL sf]if (Debt/Preferance Share Redemption Reserve) sf] Joj:yf ug{ lgDgfg';f/ sf]if
l;h{gf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-s_
lg:sfzg ul/Psf] cfly{s jif{ / e'QmfgL x'g] cfly{s jif{ To:tf] e'QmfgL sf]if
(Redemption Reserve) df s'g} /sd ljlgof]hg gu/] klg x'g],
e'QmfgL cjlw afFsL /x];Dd To;kl5sf k|To]s jif{ aflif{s d'gfkmfaf6 sDtLdf
-v_
;dfg'kflts cfwf/df (Proportionate Basis) /sd 5'6\ofpg' kg]{,
-u_
v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd eGbf a9L /sd 5'6\ofpg]
ePdf s'g cfly{s jif{df slt /sd 5'6\ofpg] xf] :ki6 pNn]v ug{' kg{] .
-*_
Private Placement sf] cfwf/df laqmL ul/g] C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/sf]
;DaGwdf s'g} ;+3;+:yf;+u clu|d s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] eP ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug{'
kg{],
-(_
olb s'g} kIfn] ;f] kIfnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/ vl/b
gu/]df ;f] csf{] kIfnfO{ ljqmL ug{] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{,
-!)_ C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/df cflh{t Aofh nufgLstf{x?nfO{ slxn]
e'QmfgL ug]{ eGg] ljifodf ljj/0fkqsf] Aofhnfef+z e'QmfgL ug]{ ;do (Interest/Preferred
Dividend Payment Timing) zLif{s cGtu{t :ki6 pNn]v ug'{ kg]{,
-!!_ C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/df cfj]bg ug{] k|To]s cfj]bsnfO{ lghn]
cfj]bg u/]sf] /sddf cfj]bg u/]sf] ldltb]lv afF8kmfF8 x'g] lbg;Ddsf] cjlwsf nflu k|rlnt
ahf/sf] b/n] vl08t cjlwsf] Aofh (Broken Period Interest) k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ / ;f] ljifodf
ljj/0fkqdf :ki6 pNn]v ug'{ kg]{,
-!@_ C0fkqe'QmfgLof]Uo ckl/jt{gLo cu|flwsf/ z]o/ e'QmfgL u/]kl5 e'QmfgL sf]if (Redemption
Reserve) df s'g} /sd afFsL /xg uPdf To:tf] /sdnfO{ ljz]if hu]8f (Special Reserve)
lx;fjdf ;fg'{ kg]{ .
jLdf of]hgf ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lgIf]k :jLsf/ ubf{sf] avtdf g} vftfx? jLdf x'g] Joj:yf
ug]{ ePdf jLldt vftfsf Ps} k|s[ltsf lgIf]kstf{x?sf aLrdf s'g} lje]b gx'g] tyf lgIf]kstf{nfO{ yk
Jooef/ gkg]{ u/L o:tf] of]hgf ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . jLdfn]v -Insurance Policy_ df pNn]v ul/g]
;]jf, zt{ / ;'ljwfx?sf] ;DaGwdf jLldt lgIf]kstf{nfO{ lgIf]k :jLsf/ ubf{ s} avtdf :ki6 hfgsf/L
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt v'b|f n3'a}+ls+u sf/f]jf/ ug]{ 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfxn] ;j{;fwf/0faf6 lgIf]k kl/rfng
ug]{ ;DaGwdf
!=
b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f u/]sf v'b|f n3'a}+ls (Retail Micro Banking) sf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ 3 ju{sf ljQLo
;+:yfx?n] ;j{;fwf/0faf6 o; a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ lgIf]k kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ M
-s_
afo n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ljut # jif{b]lv v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] ,
-v_
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd k'FhLsf]if k"/f u/]sf] ,
-u_
k"j{ ;~rfng vr{ k"0f{?kdf ckn]vg ePsf] ,
-3_
k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf ;j{;fwf/0faf6 lgIf]k kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ePsf] ,
-_
jrt, shf{ nufgL gLlt / sf]if kl/rfng;DaGwL gLlt tof/ u/]sf] ,
-r_
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sf/f hf/L ;Dk"0f{ lgb]{zgx?sf] kfngf ePsf] ,
-5_
l7s cl3Nnf] qodf;sf] ljj/0f cg';f/ lgis[o shf{ % k|ltzteGbf a9L gePsf] ,
-h_
s'n ;d"x ;+Vof sDtLdf %)) /x]sf] jf sDtLdf @,%)) ;b:o;+u shf{ sf/f]jf/ ul//x]sf,
-em_ ;+:yfn] cGo lgsfoaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] ;fk6LC0f zt k|ltzt cfgf u|fxsx?df nufgL
u/]sf] .
226
@=
pko'{Qm zt{x? k"/f u/L lgIf]k kl/rfng ug]{ n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+sx?n] ;j{;fwf/0faf6 lgIf]k
kl/rfng ug]{ ;Ldf tyf cGo Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 M
-s_
cfkm\gf] k|fylds k'FhLsf] #) u'0ff;Dd ljQLo >f]t kl/rfng ug]{ ;Ldfleq /xL k|fylds
k'FhLsf] a9Ldf % u'0ff;Dd ;j{;fwf/0faf6 lgIf]ksf] ?kdf ljQLo >f]t kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg]
5g\ . ;j{;fwf/0faf6 ;+slnt lgIf]ksf] ;Ldfdf ;d"x ;b:ox?sf] art lgIf]k u0fgf x'g]
5}g .
-v_
jrt tyf @ jif{;Ddsf] d'2lt lgIf]k dfq kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-u_
s'g} Pp6f kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfaf6 cfkm\gf] s'n lgIf]ksf] j9Ldf la;
k|ltzt;Ddsf] ;Ldfdf ga9\g] u/L ;+:yfut lgIf]k kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-3_
q}dfl;s ?kdf ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] cj:yfaf/] cGt/ -Gap) cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$= lgIf]k ;+sng sfo{nfO{ cfsif{s agfpg pkxf/ ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ gkfO{g] ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lr6\7fdf cfwfl/t s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lgIf]k pkxf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ kfOg]
5}g . t/, ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf lglZrt dfkb08x? cGtu{t kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ lgIf]kstf{x?sf
aLrdf s'g} lje]b gu/L To:tf ;a} lgIf]kstf{x?n] lgIf]k /sdsf] cfwf/df ;dfg?kdf pkxf/ k|fKt ug]{ u/L
lgIf]k pkxf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ eg] o; Joj:yfn] s'g} afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!%= ;]jf z'Ns ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lgIf]k vftf ;+rfng u/] jfkt u|fxsaf6 s'g} lsl;dsf] ;]jf
z'Ns lng kfOg] 5}g .
!^= lgIf]k ;'/If0f u/fpg] ;DaGwdf
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfdf k|fs[lts JolQmsf gfddf art
tyf d'2lt vftfdf /x]sf] ? @ nfv;Ddsf] lgIf]k lgIf]k tyf shf{ ;'/If0f lgud ;Fu ;'/If0f
ug]{u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ / ;f] /sdnfO{ j[l4 u/L qmdzM ? % nfv;Ddsf] lgIf]k lgIf]k tyf shf{
;'/If0f lgud ;Fu ;'/If0f u/fpg] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
;fy}, Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfdf /x]sf] @ nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] JolQmut
art tyf d'2tL lgIf]ksf] /sd / To:tf lgIf]kstf{sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f q}dfl;s ?kdf qodf; ;dfKt
ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq lgIf]k tyf shf{ ;'/If0f lgudnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!&= ljb]zL nufgLaf6 cflh{t nfef+z /sdsf] lgIf]k vftf vf]Ng] ;DaGwdf
ljb]zL nufgLstf{n] g]kfnleq nufgL u/L cfh{g u/]sf nfef+z /sd ;DalGwt b]zsf] ;/sf/L lgsfo jf
s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] ;xdtLdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf d'2tL vftf vf]nL hDdf ug{ ;Sg] / ;f] lgIf]k tyf
lgIf]kaf6 cflh{t Aofhsf] l/Kof6Lo;g b]xfosf] zt{df ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:Yffkg ljefuaf6 :jLs[lt lnP/
dfq ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf sfod ul/Psf] 5 M
zt{x?M
-!_ ljlgdo b/, Jofhb/, nufotsf s'g} klg hf]lvd ;DalGwt nufgLstf{n] g} axg ug'{ kg]{ .
-@_ o:tf] d'2tL lgIf]ksf] cjlw slDtdf ! jif{sf] x'g' kg]{ / To:tf] lgIf]ksf] lwtf]df s'g} lsl;dsf] shf{ lng
gkfpg] .
-#_ o:tf] lgIf]k vftf vf]Ng' cl3 o; a}+ssf] ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ .
-$_ o:tf] lgIf]k tyf Jofhsf] cw{jflif{s ljj/0f o; a}+ssf] ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefudf k]z ug'{kg]{ .
!*= vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] ljQLo >f]t ;+sng ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f= lgb]{zg g+= !^)^*
af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;}
ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
227
228
-5_
4.
ljkGg ju{ shf{ k|fKt ug{ of]Uo JolQm;d'bfon] Psn jf ;fd'lxs?kdf un}+rfsf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ pmg pTkfbg ug]{ k|of]hgfy{ e]8fkfng ug{ jf un+}rf a'Gg] tfg /fVgsf nflu a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?jf6 :jLsf/of]Uo lwtf] lnO{ k|lt kl/jf/ ?=! nfv %) xhf/df ga9\g] u/L
-ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv ljkGg ju{ shf{ pkef]u u/L c;n ju{df k/]sfsf] nflu ?= @ nfv x'g]_
k|jfx ePsf] shf{ .
To;}u/L, ljkGg ju{ shf{ k|fKt ug{ of]Uo ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfo tyf ;fgf ls;fg jf ls;fg
;d'bfon] dnvfb tyf jLpljhg vl/b, ;fd"lxs?kdf pTkfbg e08f/0fsf] nflu zLt e08f/
-Cold Storage_ lgdf{0f, pTkfbgsf] jhf/Ls/0f, ;fgf l;+rfO{ s'nf], :ofnf] 6\o'jj]n h8fgh:tf
p2]Zosf nflu klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 :jLsf/of]Uo lwtf] lnO{ k|lt kl/jf/ ?=! nfv
%) xhf/df ga9\g] u/L k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{ . ;fy}, kz'kfng, dT:okfng, df}/Lkfng h:tf
Joj;fosf] nflu k|lt kl/jf/ ?= @ nfv %) xhf/ k}ofF;Ddsf] shf{ .
-h_
dlxnfx?f/f ;+rflnt n3' pBdnfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 k|jfx ePsf] ?= # nfv;Ddsf]
shf{ .
-em_ u|fdL0f If]qdf ul7t pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf To:tf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;xsf/L ;+:yf dfkm{t ;fd'bflos
l;+rfO{ k|0ffnL]df k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf 6\ofS6/, y|];/ tyf cGo s[lif cf}hf/
vl/b ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|jfx ePsf] shf{ .
-`_
dfWolds tyf pRr dfWolds tx ;/xsf] k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIff cWoogsf] nflu
ljkGg kl/jf/sf o'jfx?nfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 lagf lwtf]df k|jfx x'g] ?=@
nfv;Ddsf] shf{ . o;/L k|jfx x'g] shf{sf] lgIf]k tyf shf{ ;'/If0f lgudaf6 clgjfo{ ?kdf
;'/If0f ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-6_
;fd'bflos pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf lghL If]q jf ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] %)) lsnf]jf6 Ifdtf;Ddsf]
hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfutsf] sDtLdf %) k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L nufgL ug]{
kl/of]hgfdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;fd'bflos pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf lghL If]q jf ;xsf/L
;+:yfnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ?= ! s/f]8;Ddsf] shf{ tyf ;fk6 .
-7_
;fgf ls;fg ju{n] cGgafnL ;+/If0f ug]{ k|of]hgfy{ ;fd"lxs :jfldTjdf sf]N8:6f]/]h :yfkgf ug{
rfx]df ;f]sf] nflu k|jfx x'g] k|lt kl/jf/ = ! nfv %) xhf/;Ddsf] shf{ .
-8_
l/S;f ;~rfng x'g] t/fO{sf ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfx?df l/S;f rfnsx?nfO{ cfg} :jfldTjdf l/S;f
vl/b u/L cfkm} ;+rfng ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu pQm l/S;fs} lwtf]df k|jfx ePsf] shf{ .
-9_
u|fdL0f If]qdf sfo{/t ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ s[lif ;DaGwL kf]i6 xfe]{i6 ;]jf pknAw u/fpg]
kl/of]hgf ;Grfngsf] nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k|bfg ug]{ ?= ! s/f]8;Ddsf] shf{ tyf
;fk6 .
-0f_
r]kf h:tf lk5l8Psf cNk;+Vos hflt, ;'s'Djf;L, d'Qm sd}of, xlnof, sDn/L, jfbL ;d'bfo
cflbnfO{ 3/ lgdf{0f ug{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljgf lwtf] k|bfg u/]sf] ?=! nfv;Ddsf] shf{ .
-t_
art tyf C0f ;DaGwL sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? afx]s cGo ;DalGwt ljifout ;xsf/L
;+:yfn] ;d"x ;b:o dfkm{t ;fd'lxs v]tL tyf kz'k+IfLkfng ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|lt ;b:o
?=() xhf/ ggf3\g] u/L ;d"x ;b:o ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df shf{ ;Ldf sfod x'g] u/L k|jfx ePsf]
clwstd ?= Ps s/f]8;Ddsf] shf{ .
o;/L k|jfx ePsf] shf{ b'?kof]u ePsf] kfOPdf To:tf] shf{nfO{ v/fj shf{df juL{s/0f u/L
!%) k|ltzt hf]lvd ef/ sfod ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
s, v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?af6 lgDg cg';f/ ck|ToIf ?kdf k|jfx ePsf] shf{nfO{
ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ePsf] shf{df u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
-s_
ljkGg ju{df shf{ k|jfx ug]{ zt{df o; a}+saf6 3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx? tyf
ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ ;+:yf ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd n3' ljQ ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{
:yfkgf ePsf ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;+:yfut Ifdtf tyf ;+:yfut hdfgLdf k|jfx u/]sf] yf]s shf{ .
-v_
ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf, ljkGg jf Go"g cfo ePsf hgtfsf] cfo tyf /f]huf/ a9fpg o;
a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] d"Nof+sg u/L of]Uo
7fg]sf u|fdL0f If]qdf :yfkgf eO{ sfo{/t ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljkGg ju{df nufgL ug]{ u/L
yf]s shf{ pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] / o;/L pknAw u/fPsf] shf{ ljkGg ju{df nufgL eP gePsf]
;DaGwdf ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfaf6 g} cg'udg u/L ^^ dlxgfdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f o;
a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{ .
229
-u_
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
!)=
;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yf Pj+ n3' ljQ sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;+:yfx?nfO{ yf]s shf{ k|jfx ug]{
p2]Zon] :yfkgf ePsf 3 ju{sf n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+snfO{ k|jfx ul/Psf] yf]s shf{ .
-3_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] s, v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] sfdbf/nfO{ k|jfx u/]sf] ?= Ps nfv
krf;xhf/ ;Ddsf] shf{ . pk/f]Qm shf{ ;DalGwt s, v / u ju{sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljkGg ju{ shf{ nufgLdf dfq u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
;fy}, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ljkGg ju{ shf{df u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf]
yf]s shf{ k|fKt ug]{ ;+:yfaf6 k|To]s ^^ dlxgfdf shf{sf] k|of]u ljkGg ju{df g} ePgePsf]
;DaGwdf k|ult ljj/0f lng' kg]{ tyf o; a}+ssf] lg/LIf0fsf] qmddf To;/L pknJw u/fOPsf]
yf]s shf{ b'?kof]u ePsf] kfOPdf b'?kof]u ePsf] shf{ a/fa/sf] /sd ljkGg ju{df u0fgf
ul/g] 5}g .
ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv ljkGg ju{ shf{ pkef]u u/L c;n ju{df k/]sf k|lt ;d"x ;b:oJolQmnfO{
;fd"lxs JolQmut hdfgtdf k|jfx ug'{ kg]{ shf{sf] ljBdfg ;Ldf ?= ^) xhf/sf] ;f ?= () xhf/
ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L n3' pBd shf{sf] ?= ! nfv %) xhf/sf] ;Ldfsf] ;f ?= @ nfv sfod ul/Psf]
5 . t/, pQm dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sfsf] xsdf ljkGg ju{ shf{ ;Ldf k"j{ Joj:yf adf]lhd ?= ^) xhf/ /
?= ! nfv %) xhf/ g} x'g]5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt -s, v / u ju{sf_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/df
u/]sf] nufgLnfO{ ;d]t ck|ToIf ?kdf ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{ ;/x u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?af6 ljkGg ju{ shf{ cGt/ut n3' ljQ ljsf; a}+sx?n] k|fKt u/]sf] shf{ /sd
zt k|ltzt ljkGg ju{df clgjfo{ ?kdf shf{ k|jfx ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] cg'?k nufgL gePdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?af6 n3' ljQ ljsf; a}+sx?nfO{ k|jfx x'g] To:tf] s'n yf]s shf{ ljkGg ju{
shf{df u0fgf x'g] 5}g .
ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{ u0fgf ubf{ ^ dlxgf cl3sf] s"n afFsL shf{ ;fk6 -laN; vl/b tyf
l8:sfp06 ;lxt _ sf] cfwf/df k|To]s qodf;df cyf{t cflZjg, kf}if, r}q / cfiff9 d;fGtdf ul/g] 5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt jfl0fHo a}+s -s ju{ _, ljsf; a}+s -v ju{ _ / ljQ sDkgL -u ju{ _ af6 k|ToIf
?kdf lgDg zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /xL c:ktfnnfO{ k|jfx x'g] shf{nfO{ ljkGg ju{ shf{df u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-s_
d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLsf] ?kdf To:tf] c:ktfn ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ ePsf] x'g' kg]{ .
-v_
;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] o; k|of]hgsf nflu cfgf] k|fylds k'FhL -Core Capital_ sf]
a9Ldf % k|ltzt ;Ddsf] shf{ /sd dfq k|jfx ug{ ;Sg] .
-u_
;DalGwt c:ktfnn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ;+rfng :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/+bf
tf]lsPsf ;Dk"0f{ zt{x?sf] k"0f{ kfngf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-3_
;DalGwt c:ktfnn] cfgf] s"n z}of Ifdtfsf] Go"gtd !) k|ltzt z}of lgMz'Ns ?kdf ljkGg
ju{sf hgtfx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfPsf] x'g' kg]{ .
-_
dfly v08 -s_ b]lv -3_ ;Dd pNn]lvt zt{x? k"/f ePsf] osLg u/]/ dfq ;DalGwt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-r_
pk/f]Qm dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf u|fdL0f If]qdf ;+rflnt ;fd'bflos c:ktfnnfO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfxaf6 k|ToIf kdf k|jfx x'g] =! s/f]8;Ddsf] shf{nfO{ ;d]t ljkGg ju{ shf{df u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
Go"g nfut cfjf; -Low Cost Housing_ shf{nfO{ ljkGg ju{df u0fgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 ljkGg ju{df u0fgf x'g of]Uo JolQmx?sf nflu dfq 3/hUuf vl/b tyf
3/ lgdf{0f shf{sf] cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ p2]Zon] b]xfo cg';f/sf] zt{sf] clwgdf /xL k|bfg ePsf]
shf{nfO{ ;d]t ljkGg ju{sf] shf{df u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
-s_
;'/lIft lwtf] lnO{ ;fd'lxs jf JolQmut cfwf/df k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf k|bfg x'g] ?= $
nfv;Ddsf] shf{ .
-v_
;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfkm\gf] shf{ gLltdf o;/L ljkGg ju{nfO{ 3/hUuf vl/b
tyf 3/ lgdf{0f shf{ k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-u_
o:tf] shf{ k|bfg ubf{ k|rlnt P]g, sfg'g tyf o; a}+ssf] gLlt lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] ;Dk"0f{
k|s[of k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-3_
ljkGg ju{ eGgfn] dfly a'Fbf g+= ! df pNn]lvt kl/efiff cg';f/ Go"g cfo ePsf / vf;u/L
;fdflhs ?kdf lk5l8Psf dlxnf, hghflt, blnt ju{, cGwf, alx/f, zf/Ll/s ?kn] ckf
230
!!=
!@=
JolQmx?, ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfo tyf ;fgf ls;fg, sflnu9, dhb"/ / e"ldxLg kl/jf/nfO{ ;Demg'
kg]{ .
n3'shf{ -Microcredit_ ;DaGwdf
3 ju{sf n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+sx?n] ;d"xdf cfj4 gePsf OR5's JolQmx?nfO{ klg kof{Kt lwtf] lnO{
a9Ldf ?=;f7L xhf/;Ddsf] n3'shf{ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if ;DaGwdf
!=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ug'{ kg]{ # k|ltzt -s ju{_, !=% k|ltzt -v
ju{_ / ! k|ltzt -u ju{_ /sdsf] Ps ltxfO /sd g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfno, o'jf tyf
;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if -o;kl5 sf]if elgPsf]_ sf] gfddf cfg} ;+:yfdf vf]lnPsf]
vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pko'{Qm pNn]lvt /sdeGbf a9L /sd pSt
vftfdf hDdf ug{ o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g . sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ;DalGwt
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf]ifnfO{ k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{ dflgg]5 / o;/L hDdf ul/Psf] /sdnfO{
ljkGg ju{df u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
@=
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] pka'Fbf g+= ! cg';f/ k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ h'g;'s} cj:yfdf shf{;fk6sf]
juL{s/0f / shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu c;n shf{df ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . o;}u/L
a}+sn] o:tf shf{ kF"hL kof{Kttf (Capital Adequacy) BASEL II cGtu{t Claims on
Government zLif{sdf /fVg ;Sg] / v / u ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o:tf shf{df z"Go
hf]lvd ef/ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
#=
vftf vf]Ng], vftf ;+rfng ug]{ / shf{ ;Df}tfdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ clVtof/L ;lxtsf] sfuhft
lnO{ o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if sf] gfddf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] vftf vf]Ng'
kg]{5 .
$=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 sf]ifnfO{ k|jfx ul/Psf] pka'Fbf g+= ! sf] /sd r'Qmf ug]{ bfloTj
sf]ifsf] x'g]5 .
%=
sf]if / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf larsf] ;Df}tf cg';"rL !&=! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{
5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu pSt ;Demf}tf afx]s cGo s'g} sfuhft cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .
^=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if -;+rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^%
cGtu{t o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foLx?nfO{ kl/of]hgf dfq lwtf] lnO{ b'O{ nfv;Ddsf] shf{ nufgL
u/]df To:tf] shf{nfO{ ljkGg ju{df u0fgf ul/g]5 . t/, pka'Fbf g+= ! df pNn]v ePsf] hDdf
ug'{ kg]{ /sddf sf ug{ kfOg] 5}g . o:tf] shf{ k|jfx ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf Joj:yfx? nfu"
x'g] 5g\ M
s=
Joj;fosf] p2]Zo cg';f/ shf{ cjwL a9Ldf kfFr aif{;Ddsf]] x'g]5 / a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] lgodfg';f/ tf]s]sf] ls:tfdf a'fpg' kg]{ u/L ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfn] ls:tf tf]Sg]5 / ;fFjf Aofh e'StfgL 5'6 cjlw (Grace Period) sf]ifn] tf]s]
cg';f/ x'g]5 .
v=
;DalGwt JolStn] ug]{ :j/f]huf/d"ns Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt rn crn ;DklQ g}
;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf Aofh e'Stfg gx'Gh]n;Dd a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|bfg u/]sf] shf{sf]
lwtf] x'g]5 .
u=
shf{ :jLs[t ug]{ jf gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf gLlxt /xg]5 .
3=
pk/f]St adf]lhd shf{sf] hf]lvd tyf C0f c;'npk/ ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /xg]5 .
&=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pka'Fbf g+= ^ adf]lhdsf] shf{ k|bfg ug{ o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL
:j/f]huf/ sf]ifaf6 aflif{s & k|ltzt Aofhdf k'g/shf{ lng;Sg] 5 .
*=
sf]ifsf] ;+rfng o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if -;+rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^%, shf{
tyf jLdf Joj:yf ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)^% / o; a}+saf6 hf/L o;} lgb]{zgdf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(=
dfly h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf -3 ju{ afx]s_ n]
ljkGg ju{df u0fgf x'g] o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ /sd csf]{
kl/kqaf6 ;"rgf hf/L geP;Dd ldlt @)^^.!!.@^ sf] kl/kq cg';f/ @)^^ r}q d;fGtb]lv
nfu" x'g] u/L pQm sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug{'kg]{ 5}g . t/, o;/L o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL
:j/f]huf/ sf]ifdf tTsfnnfO{ /sd hDdf ug'{ gk/]tfklg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o;}
231
lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+= ! cg';f/sf] b/n] ljkGgju{df k|jfx ug'{ kg]{ /sd k"j{jt g} nufgL ug'{
kg]{5 .
!#= ljkGg ju{df k|jflxt shf{ ;DaGwL g]=/f= a}+s lgb]{zg kmf/fd g+= (=% cg';f/sf] q}dfl;s ljj/0f o; a}+ssf]
;DalGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf qodf; ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$= ;DalGwt O{hfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ul/g] shf{ ;DaGwL gLltut Pj+ k|s[ofut
Joj:yfnfO{ cfgf] shf{ gLltdf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%= cGo lgb]{zgdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;fd"lxsJolQmut;+:yfut hdfgLdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
?kdf ljkGg ju{df u0fgf x'g] u/L k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{sf] nflu cltl/Qm la; k|ltzt yk shf{ gf]S;fgL
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
!^= ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ug]{ u/L k|fKt ;fk6L /sdnfO{ nlIft ju{df k|jfx gu/L ;f] afktsf] /sd Jofh cfh{g
x'g] u/L s'g} klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf hDdf ug{ kfOg] 5}g . t/ o; Joj:yfn] 3 ju{sf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] xsdf shf{ ;Ldf -Line of Credit_ pkof]u ug{ jfwf k'/\ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ljkGg ju{ shf{df u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] yf]s shf{ k|fKt
ug]{ ;+:yfaf6 k|To]s ^^ dlxgfdf shf{sf] k|of]u ljkGg ju{df g} ePgePsf] ;DaGwdf k|ult ljj/0f lng'
kg]{5 . o; a}+ssf] lg/LIf0fsf] qmddf To;/L pknJw u/fOPsf] yf]s shf{ nlIft ju{df k|jfx ePsf]
gkfO{Pdf ;f] shf{ a/fa/sf] /sd ljkGg ju{df u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
!&= dfly plNnlvt a'Fbf -!^_ adf]lhdsf] yf]s shf{ k|jfx ug]{ ;+:yfn] p2]Zo adf]lhd ;Dk"0f{ yf]s shf{ /sd
k|jfx u/]gu/]sf] ljj/0f lnO{ ;f] sf] k|dfl0fs/0f u/L k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] df3 / ;fpg d;fGtdf
;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefunfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
!*=s, v / u ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ug'{ kg]{ shf{ ;DjGwL lgb]{zg
adf]lhdsf] shf{ k|jfx gu/]df jf sd k|jfx u/]df To;/L k|jfx gu/]sf] jf sd k|jfx u/]sf] /sddf g]kfn
/fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *! adf]lhd ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ;f] u0fgf cjlwdf shf{df lng]
clwstd Aofhb/n] x'g] /sd xhf{gf nufOg] 5 .
t/ clGtd C0fbftf ;DaGwL ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] xsdf ;f] shf{;'ljwf k|fKt
u/]sf] ldlt b]lv ljkGg ju{ shf{ k|jfx gu/]sf] sf/0fn] ;f] shf{sf] ;Ldf gk'uL nfUg] xhf{gfdf plNnlvt
clGtd C0fbftf ;'ljwf sfod /x];Dd 5'6 k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
o; a}+saf6 g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *^v= adf]lhd ;d:ofu|:t 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] jf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zL3| ;'wf/fTds sf/jfxL ;DaGwL ljlgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] ljlgod # sf] v08 -v_
adf]lhdsf] sf/jfxLdf /x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ pQm cjlwe/ ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ug'{ kg]{ shf{
k|jfx gu/]sf] sf/0fn] nfUg] xhf{gfdf 5'6 k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
!(=
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx?nfO{
vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] ljkGg ju{df k|jfx ug'{ kg]{ shf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f= lgb]{zg g+=
!&)^* af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf
o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f Mtf]lsPsf] ljkGg ju{ shf{ ;Ldf ;DaGwdf o; lgb]{zgdf h'g;'s} Joj:yf ePtf klg
Ohfhtkqk|fKt 3 ju{sf n3'ljQ ;+:yfx?n] n3' shf{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] -JolQmutk|ltpBd_ ;Ldf;Dd
dfq shf{ k|jfx ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
232
cg';"rLM !&=!
a}+sljQLo ;+:yf tyf sf]ifaLr x'g] ;Demf}tf
o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if -;+rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^% adf]lhd :yflkt cy{ dGqfnosf] o'jf tyf
;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifsf tkm{af6 ldlt ============== sf] clVtof/ k|fKt ============= >L =========================
-o;kl5 sf]if elgPsf]_ / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# adf]lhd :yflkt ======lhNnf===== g=kf= j8f
g+= ===== l:yt ========================= sf tkm{af6 clVtof/ k|fKt ================>L ================ -o;kl5 a}+sljQLo
;+:yf elgPsf]_ sf aLr tkl;nsf zt{x?sf clwgdf /xL b'a} kIfsf] dgf]dfg /fhLv'zLn] tkl;nsf ;fIfLx?sf
/f]xj/df sf]ifsf] sfof{nodf a;L of] ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] 5 .
tkl;n
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefusf] lgb]{zg g+======== sf] a'Fbf g+=======
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
tyf ;f]df ;do ;dodf x'g] ;+zf]wg cg';f/ sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug]{5 . sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ;DalGwt
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] sf]ifnfO{ k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{ dflgg]5 . a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] sf]ifdf x/]s q}df;df hDdf
u/]sf] /sd / s'n shf{ jSof}tf /sd v'nfO{ sf]ifnfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L lbg]5 . o;/L hfgsf/L lbPsf] & lbgleq
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] sf]ifaf6 s'g} cGoyf Joxf]/fsf] lnlvt ;"rgf k|fKt gu/]df pk/f]St adf]lhd hfgsf/L
u/fOPsf] /sd g} sf]ifn] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] shf{ /sd dflgg]5 .
a'Fbf g+= ! adf]lhd k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{ jfkt sf]ifn] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ q}dfl;s ?kdf e'Qmfg ug]{ u/L
jflif{s % k|ltzt Aofh lbg]5 . sf]ifn] k|bfg ug]{ k'g/shf{df & k|ltzt Aofhb/ a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] q}dfl;s
?kdf sf]ifnfO{ e'Stfg ug'{kg]{ 5 . o:tf] Aofhb/, ahf/b/ / d'b|f:kmLltnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL b'j} kIfsf] lnlvt
;xdltdf ;do ;dodf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]5 .
sf]ifn] lnPsf] shf{ / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n]] sf]if;+u lnPsf] k'g/shf{df nfUg] Aofh ltg]{ bfloTj sf]ifsf] /
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfx? b'j}sf] /xg]5 . lnPsf] shf{sf] a'fpg'kg]{ Aofh /sd sf]ifn] / a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn]
q}dfl;s ?kdf cfiff9, cflZjg, kf}if / r}q d;fGtdf glt/]df ;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf tyf Aofh e'Stfg ug{ sf]if /
a}+sljQLo ;+:yf b'j} kIfn] ;"lrt ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] cg';f/ ;"rgf kfPdf & -;ft_ lbgleq sf]if jf a}+sljQLo
;+:yfx?n] ;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf Aofh e'Stfg ug]{5 .
a'Fbf g+= # adf]lhd ;fFjf /jf Aofh e'Stfg gu/]df e'StfgL ug'{ kg]{ ldltb]lv e'StfgL x'g] ldlt;Ddsf] cjlwsf]
nflu jflif{s !) k|ltzt / @ k|ltzt k]gfn Aofh ;lxt ;fFjf /jf Aofh sf]if jf a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] e'Stfg
ug]{5 .
o; ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw cfhsf] ldltb]lv nfu" eO{ k|jfx u/]sf] shf{ r'Qmf geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu nfu" x'g]5 .
s'g} klg ;dodf sf]ifn] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ sDtLdf !% lbgsf] k"j{ ;"rgf lbO{ afFsL ;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf Aofh
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lt/L a'emfO{ ;Df}tf ;dfKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;Demf}tf cjlwe/ s'g} klg avt sf]if la36g ePdf cljnDa sf]ifn] ltg'{a'emfpg'kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf Aofh /sd
sf]ifn] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ltg{a'emfpg kg]{5 .
b'a} kIfsf] lnlvt ;xdltdf o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt zt{x? ;+zf]wg, km]/abn jf yk36 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfn] lgoldt shf{ c;'n ePsf] cj:yfdf l;w} ;x'lnot b/df nfUg] Aofhsf] ^) k|ltzt /sd
36fO{ u0fgf u/L lng]5 . Aofh lgoldt gePsf] v08df o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if -;+rfng_
lgodfjnL, @)^% adf]lhd c;'npk/ ug]{5 .
233
234
-3_ ;+:yfsf] sDtLdf cfufdL % jif{sf] Joj;flos of]hgf tyf k|If]k0f (Business Plan and Projection)
-_ cg';"rL !*=@ / cg';"rL !*=# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf b'O{ k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L z]o/ wf/0f
u/]sf ;+:yfksx?sf] JolQmut ljj/0f .
-r_ ;+:yfksx?n] ;DjlGwt ;+:yfaf6 shf{ glnPsf] :jM3f]if0ff kq .
-5_ ;+:yfksx?n] cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffx?af6 C0f lnO{ efsf ggf3]sf] jf shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|
ln= sf] sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z gePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] :jM3f]if0ff kq .
-h_ jt{dfg z]o/ k'FhL ;+/rgf / :jfldTj -;+:yfks ;d"x / ;j{;fwf/0f ;d"x_ ;DaGwL ljj/0f .
-em_ ;+:yfksx?n] s'g} Ps a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffdf r'Qmf k'FhLsf] a9Ldf !% k|ltzt / cGo a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?df r'Qmf k"FhLsf] a9Ldf ! k|ltzt eGbf a9L nufgL gu/]sf] :jM3f]if0ff .
-`_ o; a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lb+bfsf jvt ;+:yfsf] s'n shf{sf] % k|ltzt eGbf sd lgis[o shf{
/x]sf] k'i6\ofO{F x'g] sfuhft .
-6_ ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ubf{ vr{ ePsf] k"j{ ;~rfng vr{ k"0f{ ?kdf ckn]vg ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'g]
sfuhft .
-7_ ;+:yf kl5Nnf] % jif{b]lv nuftf/ d'gfkmfdf ;~rfng e}/x]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf]
ljut % jif{sf] ljQLo ljj/0f .
-8_ ;+:yfn] New Capital Adequacy Framework k"0f{ ?kdf nfu" ug{;Sg] of]hgf tyf ;+rfns
;ldltsf] k|ltj4tf .
-9_ z]o/ vl/b ljqmL sf/f]jf/ /f]Ssf ePsf] Joxf]/fsf] lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/sf] kq .
-0f_ k'FhL kof{Kttf, k|lt u|fxs shf{ ;Ldf, shf{ lgIf]k cg'kft, shf{ gf]S;fgL Joj:yf / ljQLo >f]t
kl/rfng ;DaGwL lgb]{zgx? k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf u/]sf] :jM3f]if0ff tyf ;f] k'i6\ofO{F x'g] sfuhft .
-t_ ljut # jif{df zL3| ;'wf/fTds sfo{jfxL gePsf] :jM3f]if0ff .
-y_ n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] ljQLo ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df Joj;fosf] cfsf/ -lgIf]k
tyf shf{sf] s'n of]u_ / u|fxs ;+Vof -lgIf]kstf{ / C0fL_ o; lgb]{zg adf]lhd /x]sf] k'i6\ofO{F
x'g] sfuhft .
$=
;}4flGts ;xdltM
-!_ a'Fbf g+= -#_ cg';f/ :t/f]Ggltsf nflu k]z x'g cfPsf] lgj]bgdfly o; a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
;DjGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf #^, o;} lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+= @ adf]lhdsf] k"j{of]Uotf tyf k]z x'g cfPsf
sfuhft tyf ljj/0fx? d"Nofg u/L dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ k|s[ofut
Joj:yf cjnDag ug]{5 / dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{ rfxg] ;DalGwt ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{
plNnlvt Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg] 5 . o;/L hfgsf/L pknAw u/fp+bf b]xfosf zt{x? sfod u/L
;}4flGts ;xdlt k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;+Rffngsf] nflu hf/L k'FhLsf] )=)@ k|ltztn] x'g] /sd o;
a}ssf] gf=gf]=cf=lx= km'6s/ zLif{sdf hDdf u/L ;Ssn ef}r/ ;lxt cg';"rL !*=$ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ .
-v_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] ;+:yfn] ug]{ sfo{ ;dfj]z u/L sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft ;+zf]lwt
k|jGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{kg]{ .
-u_ ;+zf]lwt shf{ gLlt, cfly{s k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL, sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL / shf{
ckn]vg ljlgodfjnL k]z ug'{kg]{ .
-3_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] ;+:yfsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{ .
-_ ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf ;km\6j]o/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{ .
-@_ :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu lgj]bg lbPkl5 ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefu;+u ;dGjo u/L tof/ ul/Psf] ljz]if
lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL :t/f]Ggltsf nflu ul7t l;kmfl/; ;ldltdf cfjZos 5nkmn
u/L ;f] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df dfq :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
-#_ ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|bfg ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ug{ cfj]bg
ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] ;doleq cfj]bg gu/]df o; a}+sn] k|bfg u/]sf] ;}4flGts ;xdlt /2 ug{
;lsg]5 .
%=
;}4flGts ;xdlt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg]M -!_ o; lgb]{zgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] eP
tfklg o; a}+sn] b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf :t/f]Gglt x'g rfxg] ;+:yfnfO{ :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu ;}4flGts
;xdlt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M
235
-@_
^=
-!_
-@_
&=
*=
(=
-!_
-@_
-s_ a} jf ljQLo If]qsf] ljBdfg cj:yf / ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ yk a} jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ Ohfhtkq lbg pko'St gb]lvPdf .
-v_ v08 -s_ sf] cj:yf x]/L lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg plrt gb]lvPdf .
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lbFbf ljQLo If]qdf
c:j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g] jf s'g} Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] Psflwsf/ jf
lgolGqt cEof; sfod x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf .
-3_ o; lgb]{zgdf tf]lsPsf zt{ tyf dfkb08x? k"/f ePsf] gb]lvPdf .
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ;+:yfnfO{ dflyNnf] ju{sf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;~rfng ug{ ;}4flGts ;xdlt lbg
g;lsg] cj:yf ePdf o; a}+sn] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq
;DalGwt ;+:yfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg]5 . ;f] cjlwleq o; a}+sn] yk ljj/0f dfu u/]sf] eP To:tf] ljj/0f
k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq To:tf] ;"rgf lbg]5 .
:t/f]Ggltsf] nflu :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{M
:t/f]Gglt eO{ dflyNnf] ju{sf] sf/f]jf/ ;+rfngsf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 sfuhftx?sf] k/LIf0f
tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;d]t lg/LIf0f u/L :jLs[lt lbg o; a}+s ;Gt'i6 ePdf cfj]bg u/]sf] tLg dlxgf
leq :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/g] 5 . To:tf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu o; a}+sn] yk sfuhft dfu u/]sf] cj:yfdf
To:tf] sfuhft k]z u/]sf] ldltn] :jLs[lt k|bfg ug]{ sfof{jlw u0fgf x'g]5 .
:t/f]Gglt eO{ dflyNnf] ju{sf] sf/f]jf/ ;+rfngsf] nflu :jLs[lt k|bfg ug'{ cl3 ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|bfg
ubf{ tf]lsPsf ;Dk"0f{ zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;DaGwdf M
3 ju{sf n3' ljQ ;+:yf :t/f]Gglt ug]{ sfo{ xfnnfO{ :ylut ul/Psf] 5 .
z]o/ vl/b laqmL sf/f]jf/ /f]Ssf ug'{ kg]{M
dflyNnf] ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ k'FhL k"/f u/]/ ;}4flGts ;xdlt kfpF egL
lgj]bg lbg] ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] lgj]bg ;fy ;f] ;DaGwdf o; a}saf6 clGtd 6'+uf] gnfu];Ddsf]
cjlwsf] nflu To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lwtf]kq jhf/df ;"rLs[t /x]sf] cj:yfdf z]o/
vl/b laqmL sf/f]jf/ /f]Ssf ePsf] Joxf]/fsf] lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/sf] kq ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
ufEg]ufleg] eO{ :t/f]Gglt x'g] ;DaGwdfM
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf ^( jdf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf Ps cfk;df
ufEg]ufleg] eO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf #^ adf]lhd :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu o; a}+sdf lgj]bg k]z x'g cfPdf
;j{k|yd ufEg]ufleg] ;DaGwL k|s[of cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{ 5 / ;f] sf] 6+'uf] nfu] kl5 :t/f]Ggltsf] sf/jfxL
cl3 a9fOg] 5 . o;/L ufEg]ufleg] eO{ :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu k]z x'g cfPsf] lgj]bgnfO{ k|fyldstf
lbOg]5 .
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd o; a}+sdf lgj]bg lb+bf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] clgjfo{ ?kdf sDkgL
/lhi6f/sf] sfof{no, g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{ / lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahf/ ;d]tnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
236
237
o; k|of]hgsf] nflu ! lhNnf sfo{If]q /x]sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf ljQLo ;|f]t ;+sngsf] u0fgf ubf{
k|fylds k"FhLsf]ifsf] ;f tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd r"Qmf k"FhLnfO{ cfwf/ lng ;lsg] 5 .
-r_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 ;+:yf jf ;+:yfsf] cWoIf, ;+rfns / sfo{sf/L k|d'v sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] eP ;f]
sf/jfxL km's'jf ePsf] cjlw # jif{ k"/f ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
%=
sfo{If]q lj:tf/sf nflu cfj]bg;fy lgDg sfuhftx? ;+nUg x'g' kg]{ M
-s_ ljBdfg ;+:yfks / ;+rfnsx?sf] ljj/0f .
-v_ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfufdL % jif{sf] k|If]lkt ljQLo cj:yf, Joj;flos /0fgLlt, k|fljlws tyf Joj:yfkg
kIf / ahf/ ;+j]bgzLntf ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] Joj;flos of]hgf .
-u_ ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;Grfngsf nflu skf]{/]6 sfof{nod'Vo zfvf sfof{no ljBdfg sfo{If]qb]lv cGo
:yfgdf ;Grfng ug]{ ePdf ;f] sfof{nosf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;"rgf k|ljlw, jLdf tyf ;'/Iff Joj:yf,
3/ef8f s/f/gfdf, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t nufot d'Vo sd{rf/Lx?sf] of]Uotf cg'ej ;DaGwL
sfuhft .
-3_ sfo{If]q lj:tf/ eP kZrft sfod x'g] sfo{If]qnfO{ ;d]6]/ tof/ ul/Psf] shf{ gLlt, nufgL gLlt, lgIf]k
kl/rfng gLlt, jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng gLlt, cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f gLlt, u}/ a}ls ;DklQ
Joj:yfkg gLlt, ;DklQ bfloTj Joj:yfkg gLlt, ;"rgf k|ljlw gLlt / cfkm\gf] u|fxs klxrfg gLlt .
-_ sfo{If]q lj:tf/ ;DaGwdf ;fwf/0f ;efn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk .
^=
sfo{If]q la:tf/sf ;DaGwdf ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt;Fu cGtlqm{of u/L sfuhft k"/f ePsf] ^) lbgleq
;f] ;DaGwL k|lqmofsf] 6'+uf] nufOg]5 .
&=
sDtLdf !) lhNnf;Dd sfo{If]q ePsf] s'g} Ps ljQLo ;+:yf;+u cGo v jf u ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yf
Ps cfk;df ufleO{ /fli6o :t/df sfo{If]q lj:tf/ ug{ rfxg] ;+:yfnfO{ csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Dd ljz]if
k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-gf]6M dfly a'Fbf v sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sfo{ If]q lj:tf/ eGgfn] yk lhNnfdf ;]jf lj:tf/ ug]{ Joj:Yff ;Demg' kb{5 ._
238
239
cg';"rL !*=!
>L g]kfn /fi6 a}+s
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu
afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}+ .
laifoM ======= ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g] ;}4flGts ;xdlt kfpF .
dxf]bo,
k|rlnt sDkgL P]g adf]lhd klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ?kdf g]kfn ;/sf/, sDkgL /lhi6f/sf]
sfof{nodf btf{ u/fO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g adf]lhd ljut === jif{ b]lv ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng
ub}{ cfPsf]df ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf #^ adf]lhd dflyNnf] ju{sf] ;+:yf ==== ju{df kl/0ft ug]{ u/L ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f
;efaf6 lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;}4flGts ;xdlt kfpg To; a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu tf]lsPsf cfjZos sfuhft
;lxt of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf 5f}+ .
240
cg';"rL !*=@
=================================================== ln=
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks ;d"xdf /x]sf JolQmx?sf]
JolQmut ljj/0f
Kfmf]6f]
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
k"/f gfd y/ M
hGd ldlt M
hGd :yfg M
gful/stf M
k"/f 7]ufgf M
-s_ :yfoL M
-!_ 6]lnkmf]g
-@_ Od]n
-v_ c:yfoL M
-!_ 6]lnkmf]g
-@_ Od]n
xfnsf] k]zf M
-s_ kmd{ jf sfof{nosf] gfd M
-v_ 7]ufgf M
-u_ Joj;fosf] k|s[ltsfd M
-3_ kbsf] gfd M
-_ 6]lnkmf]g ofS;O{d]n M
a}jflxs l:ylt M
-s_ ljjflxt cljjflxt ;DaGw ljR5]b eO{ cnu a;]]sf]
-v_ ljjflxtsf] xsdf kltkTgLsf] gfd M
-u_ kltkTgLsf] k]zf M
-3_ cfl>tx?sf] ljj/0f
k"/f gfd
;DaGw
-#_ km\ofS;
-#_ km\ofS;
pd]/
*=
cWoog jif{
241
ljifo
:gftsf]Q/
ljBfjfl/lw
Joj;flos :t/
tflnd ;]ldgf/
s_
v_
u_
!)= tkfO{;Fu s'g} Joj;flos (Professional) ljifodf sfd ug]{ Ohfht 5 <
5
5}g
olb 5 eg]
-s_ Ohfhtsf] k|s[lt M
-v_ Ohfht lnPsf] ldlt M
-u_ Ohfht gDj/ M
-3_ Ohfht lbg] ;+:yf / 7]ufgf M
!!= tkfO{ s'g} Joj;flos Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df, g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 lg/LIf0f, cg'udg ug'{ kg]{ ;+:yfdf sfd
ug'{x'G5<
-olb 5 eg], ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / sfdsf] k|s[lt pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ;fy}, ;DjlGwt ;+:yfaf6 ;+:yfkg
x'gsf nflu :jLs[lt kq k]z ug'x{ f];\ _ .
!@= s'g}
!#= d}n]
!=
@=
;+ul7t ;+:yfdf tkfO{sf] s'g} ljQLo :jfy{ jf lxt ufFl;Psf] 5 eg] v'nfpg' xf];\ <
of] ljQLo ;+:yfdf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] /sd nufgL u/]sf] 5' .
;+:yfdf nufgL u/]sf] /sd ?====== ===== ======= -cIf/]kL=============== =============== ===_ .
;+:yfsf] s'n hf/L k'FhLsf] k|ltzt ================== . of] z]o/ o; a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf]
!% k|ltzteGbf a9L 5}g .
!$= tkfO{ s'g} kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf kg'{ ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
!%= tkfFO{+n] cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;+u shf{ sf/f]jf/ ug'{ ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
-5 eg] lj:t[t ljj/0f v'nfpg' xf];\ <_
!^= lgDg k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm 55}gdf lbg'xf];\ M
5
5}g
-s_ tkfO{+sf] lj?4df cbfntdf s'g} ck/flws sf/jfO{ lj?4 d'2f rn]sf] 5 <
-v_ tkfO{+n] sfg"g pNn+3g u/]sf] sf/0faf6 ;hfoF kfpg' ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
-u_ tkfO{+ ;+nUg ePsf] s'g} ;+:yf 6f6 kN6]sf] 5 <
5
5}g
-3_ tkfO{+n] sfd u/]sf] jf ;+rfns ePsf] jf tkfO{+n] % -kfFr_ k|ltzt eGbf a9L z]o/ nufgL u/]sf]
;+:yf shf{ e'QmfgL ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f slxNo} sfnf];"rLdf k/]sf] 5, 5}g .
5
5}g
-_ u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf ljb]zL d'b|f sf/f]jf/df ;+nUg x'g' ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g
-r_ tkfO{+ ;+nUg ePsf] ;+:yf slxNo} ck/flws s[ofsnfkdf ;+nUg ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
-5_ tkfO{nfO{+ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ sf/f]jf/df b'?kof]u u/]sf] / ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf] egL a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 s'g} clen]v u/]sf] 5 <
5
5}g
-h_ tkfO{ shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] sfnf];"rLdf kg'{ ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
olb k/]sf] eP ;f] ;"rLaf6 k'ms'jf ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf ltg jif{ k'/f ePsf] 5 < 5
5}g
-em_ tkfO{+ cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf sd{rf/L, ;~rfns, n]vfk/LIfs sfg"gL jf cGo
;Nnfxsf/ x'g'x'G5 < 5
5}g
-`_ tkfO{+ lwtf]kq bnfn jf ahf/ lgdf{tf /xg' ePsf]] 5 <
5
5}g
-6_ tkfO{ s'g} ;fj{hlgs ck/fw u/]sf], sfg"g pNn+3g u/]sf] jf k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd lj36gdf
k/]sf] s'g} ;+:yfdf sd{rf/L jf ;NNffxsf/sf] ?kdf /xg' ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
-7_ tkfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd bfdf;flxdf kg'{ ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
242
-8_
tkfO{n] s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf lgjf{lrt jf dgf]lgt k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf sfdsfh ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g
-9_ tkfO{nfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd s'g} k]zf jf Joj;fo ug{ /f]s nufOPsf] 5 <
5
5}g
-0f_ tkf+O{n] nufgL u/]sf] cGo kmd{sDkgL;+ul7t ;+:yf g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f
ug{ rfx]df dGh'/ 5 .
5
5}g
-t_ tkfO{n] o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;+:yfkssf] x}l;otn] nufgL
ug'{ePsf] 5 <
5
5}g -5 eg] lj:t[t ljj/0f v'nfpg' xf];_
!&= ;do ;dodf g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/] cg'?k d]/f] a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] k'FhL k'ofpg] k|ltj4tf
hfx]/ ub{5' .
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] ljj/0f l7s ;fFrf] xf] . oL s'g} klg ljifodf hfFra'em5fgljg tyf d}n] lbPsf]
ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug{ d]/f] d~h'/L 5 . e'm7f] ePdf o;}sf cfwf/df a}+s ;+:yfkgf ug]{ Ohfht glbPdf
d]/f] d~h'/L 5 .
b:tvt M
gfd M
ldlt M
7]ufgf
M
6]lnkmf]g
M
243
cg";"rL !*=#
================================== ln=
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks ;d"xdf /x]sf ;+:yf
-kmd{,sDkgL,;+ul7t ;+:yf_x?sf] ljj/0f
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
cjlw
kb
lgs6td
;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd
;+:yfsf] gfdaf6 s'g} Joj;flos (Professional) ljifodf sfd ug]{ Ohfht 5 <
olb 5 eg]
-s_ Ohfhtsf] k|s[lt M
-v_ Ohfht lnPsf] ldlt M
-u_ Ohfht gDj/ M
-3_ Ohfht lbg] ;+:yf / 7]ufgf M
;+:yf ljut b'O{ jif{ b]lv ;~rfng d'gfkmfdf /x]sf] 55}g < 5
5}g
5}g
5}g
244
(=
lgDg
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
245
cg';"rL !*=$
To; a}+ssf] k=;+= =================== ldlt =====================sf] kqaf6 ====== ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf
?kdf kl/0ft ug{ ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt ePsf]df tf]lsPsf zt{x? k'/f u/L ;s]sf] x'Fbf cfjZos sfuhft Pj+
Ohfhtkq b:t'/ ;lxt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf #^ adf]lhd ==== ju{sf] ;+:yfsf]
?kdf ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq kfpgsf] nflu of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf 5f}+ .
================================================
-;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 cflwsfl/s JolQm_
gfdM
7]ufgfM
6]lnkmf]g g+ M
ofS; g+= M
Od]n 7]ufgf M
ldltM
;+:yfsf] 5fkM
246
laifoM ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf .
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] u|fxssf] klxrfg ug{] ;DaGwL :ki6
sfo{ljlw cjnDjg ug{ / ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL s[ofsnfkdf nufgL ug]{ sfo{ lgjf/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf $$v sf] k|of]hgsf nflu g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf
&( n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L] of]] lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
!= gLlt, k|lqmof / cEof;
-!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL sfo{sf] lgoGq0f Pj+ lg/f]k0fsf nflu
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
lgjf/0f lgodfjnL, @)^^ / o; lgb]{zgn] tf]s] adf]lhd cfjZos gLlt, k|lqmof / cEof;sf] th{'df
u/L sfof{Gjo ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhdsf] gLlt, k|lqmof / cEof;df b]xfosf ljifodf cfjZos tyf pko'Qm Joj:yf ug'{
kg]{5M
-s_ hf]lvddf cfwfl/t k|lqmof ;lxt u|fxssf] u|fxs d'Nofsg k4lt -Customer Due Deligince_
nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ nfu" ug]{,
-v_ u|fxssf] cBfjlws clen]v sfod ug]{,
-u_ sf/f]jf/ tyf cGo ljj/0f ;'/lIft /fVg],
-3_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ tyf o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+=!& cg';f/ ljQLo hfgsf/L
OsfO{df ;Ldf ;DjGwL sf/f]jf/ ljj/0f k7fpg],
-_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$, tyf o; lgb]{zgn] tf]s] cg'?ksf z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf]
ljj/0f ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{df k7fpg], /
-r_ o; lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug{ cfjZos kg]{ cfGtl/s gLlt, k|lqmof, k|0ffnL / lgoGq0fsf pkfox?sf]
th{'df ug]{ .
-#_ g]kfn aflx/ s'g} zfvf jf ;xfos sDkgL dfkm{t sf/f]jf/ u/L /x]sf Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfx?n] o; lgb]{zg tyf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL lgoGq0f ;DjGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g tyf lgodx?nfO{ To:tf sf/f]jf/sf ;DjGwdf klg nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] :yfgdf
/x]sf zfvf jf ;xfos sDkgLnfO{ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f
lgodfjnL, @)^^, o; lgb]{zgsf] sfof{Gjogdf s'g} k|ltjGw jf Jojwfg ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L o;
a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
@= hf]lvddf cfwfl/t k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u u/L u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt sfod ug]{
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf u|fxssf] klxrfg Pj+ d'Nofgsf nflu k|of]u ug]{
u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt -Customer Due Diligence_ n] b]xfosf s'/fx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ u|fxs / u|fxssf] lxtflwsf/Lsf] klxrfg ug]{,
-v_ u|fxs / u|fxssf] lxtflwsf/Lsf] af/]df cfjZos ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{ / cfjZostf cg';f/
u|fxssf] hf]lvd ljj/0f tof/ ug]{,
-u_ gofF u|fxsx? l:jsf/ ug]{ gLlt nfu" ug]{,
-3_ u|fxs / u|fxssf] lxtflwsf/Lsf] ;"rgf tyf ljj/0f lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws ug]{, /
-_ u|fxssf] sf/f]jf/sf] ljj/0fnfO{ lgoldt?kdf cg'udg ug]{ .
-@_ hf]lvdsf cfwf/df cyf{t pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf u|fxssf] nflu kl/:s[t -Enhanced Customer Due
Diligence_ tyf sd hf]lvddf /x]sf u|fxssf] nflu ;fdfGo u|fxs d"Nofg k4ltsf] -Simplified
Customer Due Diligence_ nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
#= u|fxssf] klxrfg
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] a]gfdL tyf sfNklgs gfddf s'g} klg vftf vf]Ng' jf
/fVg' x'b}g .
247
-@_
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf u|fxs tyf lxtflwsf/Lsf] jf:tljs kl/ro yfxf
kfpg' kg]{5 . u|fxs eGgfn] b]xfosf -jf To:tf] ;DjGw :yfkgf ug{ vf]Hg]_ JolQmx?nfO{ hgfpF5M
-s_ Joj;flos ;DjGw ePsf,
-v_ Ps k6s jf k6s] ?kdf o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf !& sf] pka'Fbf -!_ df tf]lsPsf] ;Ldf jf ;f] eGbf
a9L sf/f]jf/ ug]{,
-u_ o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf !$ df pNn]v eP cg'?ksf] ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 :yfgfGt/0fsf] sfo{df
;+nUg, /
-3_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] sf/f]jf/ ubf{ s'g} ;dodf ;f] JolQm ;DklQ
z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] jf x'g ;Sg]
cf+zsf /x]sf] sf/f]jf/ jf Joj;fodf ;+nUg ePsf] .
-#_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] b]xfosf s'g} klg ;dodf u|fxssf] pko'Qm klxrfg sfod
ug{ cfjZos kl/ro lng] / ;f]sf] plrt d"Nofsg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ Joj;flos ;DjGwsf nflu cg'/f]w ubf{,
-v_ lgZrt ;Ldf leqsf] k6s] sf/f]jf/ ubf{,
-u_ ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 :yfgfGt/0f ubf{,
-3_ s'g} JolQm ;+sf:kb sf/f]jf/ jf sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] kfOPdf, /
-_ s'g} JolQmsf] ;DjGwdf klxn] g} k|fKt ul/;s]sf] klxrfg ;DjGwL sfuhftdf s'g} lsl;dsf]
z+sf jf b'ljwf pTkGg ePdf .
-$_ k|fs[lts JolQmsf] ;DjGwdf klxrfg sfod ubf{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o;
lgb]{zgsf] cg';"rL !(=! df pNn]v u/] cg"?ksf sfuhft, tYofF, ;"rgfx? k|fKt u/L ;f]nfO{
:jtGq / e/kbf]{ >f]taf6 k'i6L ug'[{ kg]{5 .
-%_ sfg"gL JolQm jf ;+:yfkgfx?sf] ;DjGwdf klxrfg sfod ubf{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?n] o; lgb]{zgsf] cg';"rL !(=! df pNn]v u/] cg"?ksf sfuhft, tYofF, ;"rgfx? k|fKt
u/L To;nfO{ :jtGq / e/kbf]{ >f]taf6 k'i6L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ ;j} k|fs[lts tyf sfg"gL JolQmsf] klxrfg :yflkt ug]{ sfuhft tyf hfgsf/Lx?sf] k|ltlnlk a'em\g
;lsg] lsl;dn] Jojl:yt u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] k|To]s sfof{nozfvfdf cg';"rL !(=! adf]lhdsf] sfuhft
nufot cGo sfuhftx? sfof{Gjog clws[t jf tf]lsPsf] sd{rf/Laf6 k|dfl0ft u/fO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-*_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ k|jfx ubf{ o;} ;fy ;+nUg
cg';"rL !(=@ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf lng' kg]{5 .
$= u|fxssf] lxtflwsf/Lsf] lgwf{/0f
-!_ s'g} u|fxsn] Ps jf Ps eGbf j9L lxtflwsf/Lsf] nflu sf/f]jf/ ul//x]sf] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfjZos dfkb08x? lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . obL u|fxssf]
lxtflwsf/L ePdf Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] To:tf lxtflwsf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu
cfkm" ;Gt'i6 x'g]u/L cfjZos ;"rgf tyf tYofFs ljleGg >f]taf6 k|fKt u/L ;f]sf] k'li6 ;d]t ug'{
kg]{5 . lxtflwsf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf k|fKt ul/g] ;"rgf o; lgb]{zgsf] cg';"rL !(=! df tf]lsP cg'?k
x'g]5 .
-@_ sfg"g4f/f lgodg ul/Psf lwtf]kq ahf/df ;'lrs[t klJns lnld6]8 sDkgL tyf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL lgoGq0f ;DjGwL cGt//fli6o dfkb08 nfu" u/]sf] d'n'ssf
sfg"g4f/f lgodg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ul/Psf lwtf]kq ahf/df ;"lrs[t ePsf ljb]zL sDkgLx?sf] xsdf
o; lgb]{zgsf] cg';"rL !(=! df pNn]v ePsf sfuhft / ljj/0fsf cltl/Qm cGo yk hfgsf/L
cfjZos kg]{ 5}g . Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] To:tf] sDkgLsf] /lhi68{ sfof{no
/x]sf] d'n'sn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL lgoGq0f ;DjGwL cGt//fli6o
dfkb08 nfu" u/]gu/]sf] s'/f Financial Action Task Force (FATF), Asia/Pacific Group on
Money Laundering (APG) h:tf / ;f]xL k|sf/sf cGo If]qLo ;+:yfx?, International Monetary
Fund / World Bank h:tf cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfx?4f/f cfkm\gf] j]j;fO6df k|sflzt l/kf]6{ tyf
ljj/0fx?sf cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ cGo sfg"gL JolQmsf ;Gbe{df Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] To:tf] u|fxssf] jf:tljs
wgL jf lgoGq0fdf /fVg] k|fs[lts jf sfg"gL JolQmsf] af/]df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L lng' kg]{5 M
-s_ o;} a'Fbfsf] pka'Fbf -!_ sf] Joj:yf cg'?k s'g} sDkgL, ;Lldt bfloTj ePsf] ;fem]bf/L kmd{, jf
o:t} k|sf/sf] cGo ;+:yfx?sf ;DjGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf k|To]s k|fs[lts JolQmsf]] ljj/0fM
248
-!_
-@_
bz k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf j9L z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] jf dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf],
sDkgL, ;Lldt bfloTj ePsf] ;fem]bf/L kmd{, jf o:t} k|sf/sf] cGo ;+:yfx?sf]
Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg,
-#_
sfg"gL JolQmsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ jf lgoGq0fsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ .
-v_ u'7L jf o:t} k|sf/sf ;+:yfsf ;DjGwdf ;f]sf] ;~rfns, 6i6L / lxtflwsf/Lsf] klxrfg sfod
ug]{ .
-$_ z]o/ :jfy{sf] ck|ToIf :jfldTj b]xfo adf]lhd :yflkt ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ sDkgL, ;Lldt bfloTj ePsf] ;fem]bf/L kmd{, jf o:t} k|sf/sf] cGo ;+:yf / u'7Ln] wf/0f u/]sf]
z]o/df ;dfg'kflts ?kdf To:tf] ;+:yfsf] z]o/xf]N8/, ;fem]bf/ cyjf lxtflwsf/L, /
-v_ kl/jf/sf] ;b:on] wf/0f u/]sf] z]o/sf] ;DjGwdf kl/jf/sf] k|To]s ;b:on] wf/0f u/]sf] z]o/
-kl/jf/ eGgfn] klt, kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf, xh'/af,
xh'/cfdf, bfh' efO{, lbbL alxgL / gftL gfltgfnfO{ hgfp+5 ._
-%_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;Dj4 ;j} ;"rgfsf] tyf hfgsf/Lx?sf] k|ltlnlk a'em\g
;lsg] lsl;dn] Jojl:yt u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
:kli6s/0fM lxtflwsf/L eGgfn] s'g} u|fxssf] dflns jf clGtd?kdf lgoGq0f ug]{ k|fs[lts JolQm -h;sf]
nfe x'g] u/L sf/f]jf/ ul/G5 ;f] JolQm_ ;Demg' kb{5 . of] zAbn] s'g} sfg"gL JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{
lgoGq0fdf /fVg] clGtd clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
%= l9nf u/L k'i6L ug{ ;lsg]
-!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+= $ cg';f/
u|fxssf] ljj/0f tyf kl/rosf] k'i6L s]xL ;do l9nfu/L klg ug{ ;Sg]5g .
-s_ Jojxfl/s?kdf t'?Gt} k'i6L ug{ ;Dej gePsf] cj:yfdf h'g ;dodf ;Dej 5 ;f] ;dodf,
-v_ ;fdfGo ?kdf Joj;fosf] ;~rfngdf x:tIf]k ug{ gldNg] ;dodf,
-u_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL hf]lvdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
Jojl:yt u/]sf] ;dodf
-@_ l9nfu/L u|fxssf] klxrfg k'i6L ug]{ cj:yfdf x'g ;Sg] hf]lvdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] To:tf u|fxsn] ug{ ;Sg] sf/f]jf/sf] ;Vof, /sd / k|sf/df cfjZos ;Ldf
jGb]h nufpg ;Sg]5g .
^= u|fxssf] hf]lvd ljj/0f tof/ ug]{
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf k|To]s u|fxsdf lglxt hf]lvdsf] juL{s/0f u/L -cTolws
hf]lvd, dWod hf]lvd / sd hf]lvd_ ;f]xL cg'?k pgLx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . o:tf] ljj/0fdf
o; lgb]{zg cg'?ksf] u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt k'/f ug{ ;lsg] kof{Kt ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L x'g' kg]{5 . o:tf]
ljj/0fdf u|fxs -lxtflwsf/L olb 5 eg]_sf] af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/L lng'sf ;fy} pQm u|fxsn] Ohfhtkq
k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu /fVg vf]h]sf] ;DjGw / cfjZos eP /sd tyf ;DklQsf] >f]tsf] af/]df ;d]t
pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .
&= t];|f] kIfsf] k|of]u
-!_ o; lgb]{zgsf] kfngsf] nflu t];|f] kIfsf] k|of]u ug]{ ePdf ;f]sf] hf]lvd ;d]t Go"gLs/0f x'g] u/L o;
;DjGwdf cfjZos cfGtl/s gLlt / k|lqmof ;lxt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] t];|f] kIfaf6 ul/Psf]
u|fxs d"Nofg k4ltnfO{ cjnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ / cGo k|rlnt sfg"g
cGt/ut o; a}+s jf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{af6 lgodg ul/g] ;+:yfx?af6 ePsf] u|fxs d"Nofg
k4ltnfO{ klg dfGotf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm" ljZj:t ePdf o; lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] u|fxs d"Nofg
k4lt k'/f ug'{ kg]{ u/L lgodgsf] bfo/fdf /x]sf] s'g} u}/ cfjfl;o t];|f] kIfn] u/]sf] u|fxs d"Nofg
k4ltnfO{ klg dfGotf lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L dfGotf lbg u}/ cfj;Lo t];|f] kIf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL cGt//fli6o:t/sf dfkb08 cg'?ksf ;+oGq cGt/ut,
Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ul/g] To:tf dfkb08sf] pNn+3gsf sf/0f s'g} sf/jfxLdf
gk/]sf] jf ;f] ;DjGwdf s'g} k|Zg gp7]sf] / ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL
;DjGwL cGt//fli6o dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog u/L /x]sf] :yfgdf x'g' kg]{5 . o;/L dfGotf lbFbf
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lgj]bgsf ;DjGwdf k|fKt ;"rgf / ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] pQm
d'n'sdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL cGt//fli6o dfkb08sf]
sfof{Gjog u/]gu/]sf] lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
249
-$_ t];|f] kIfn] tof/ u/]sf] ljj/0fnfO{ cfwf/ lnFbf k|To]s k6s Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?n] ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL gLlt,
k|lqmof / o; lgb]{zg cg'?ksf] u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt ;DjGwL ;"rgf klg lng' kg]{5 . o;/L ;DjlGwt
sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk lng g;lsg] cj:yfdf Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? To:tf u|fxssf]
klxrfg ;DjGwL sfuhft tyf cGo ;"rgfsf] k|lt hlt ;Sof] l56f] k|fKt ug{ cfjZos sbd rfNg'
kg]{5 / ljgf s'g} lanDj To:tf] ljj/0f lng ;Sg] s'/fdf cfkm" ljZj:t x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL
;DjGwL cGt//fli6o dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog gug]{ elg o; a}+s jf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] klxrfg
u/]sf jf :jtGq ;"rgfx?sf] cfwf/df ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL
cGt//fli6o dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog gu/]sf] elg ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ / sf/0f /x]sf t];|f]
kIfn] tof/ u/]sf] u|fxs d"Nofg ;DjGwL ljj/0fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ x'b}g .
-^_ o; lgb]{zg cg'?ksf] u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt k'/f ug'{ kg]{ clGtd bfloTj ;DjlGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g} x'g]5 .
*= gofF u|fxssf] :jLsf/
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o; lgb]{zg adf]lhd cfkm\gf] jf lxtflwsf/Lsf] kl/ro v'nfpg
jf k'i6L x'g g;Sg] jf hf]lvd ljj/0f tof/ ug{ kof{Kt ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ g;lsg] s'g} JolQmnfO{ u|fxssf]
?kdf :jLsf/ ug{ x'b}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg / o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf
!( sf] pka'Fbf -!_ cg';f/ z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] ?kdf lnO{ ;f]sf] ljj/0f ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{df k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
(= u|fxssf] ;"rgf lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfod /fVg]
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf u|fxsx?sf] ;DjGwdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfjZos ;"rgf /
ljj/0f ;+sng u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt -CDD) k|lqmof cGt/ut ;+sng ul/Psf sfuhft,
tYof+s, jf ;"rgfx? Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lglZrt ;dodf cfjZos ;dLIff u/L
Jojl:yt ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
!)= u|fxssf] sf/f]jf/sf] lg/Gt/ ?kdf cg'udg ug]{
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf u|fxsx?sf] sf/f]jf/ / pgLx?;Fusf] ;DjGwsf]
lg/Gt/ ?kdf cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] cg'udgn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] klxrfg
u/] cg'?k g} u|fxsn] sf/f]jf/ u/] gu/]sf] s'/f tyf u|fxssf] hf]lvd ljj/0f, cfjZostf cg';f/
/sd jf ;DklQsf] >f]t / klxn] g} lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] /sd jf sf/f]jf/sf] ;Ldf / k|sf/ ;d]tnfO{
;d]6\g' kg]{5 .
-@_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;j} h6Ln sf/f]jf/, cfly{s / sfg"gL p2]Zo gePsf
c:jfefljs ?kn] 7"nf b]lvg] jf c:jfefljs k|s[ltsf sf/f]jf/nfO{ ljif]z lgu/fgLsf ;fy x]g'{ kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o:tf sf/f]jf/sf] p2]Zo tyf cfwf/x? kQf nufO{ To:tf]
hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 . Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o:tf] hfgsf/L ljQLo
hfgsf/L OsfO{{, n]vfk/LIfs Pj+ cGo ;Ifd lgsfon] k/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg] u/L kfFr aif{;Dd ;'/lIft
?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 . Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} sf/f]jf/nfO{ cfly{s / sfg"gL p2]Zo
gePsf c:jfefljs?kn] 7"nf jf c:jfefljs k|s[ltsf sf/f]jf/ egL kQf nufO{ ;s]kl5 To:tf]
sf/f]jf/nfO{ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg / o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf !( sf] pka'Fbf -!_
cg';f/ z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] ?kdf k7fpg' kg]{]5 .
!!= u|fxs;Fusf] ;DjGwsf] ;dflKt
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] s'g} gofF u|fxssf] jf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ nfu"
x'g' klxn]sf u|fxssf] klg o; lgb]{zg cg'?ksf] u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt ;Dkg ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf ljBdfg
ePdf u|fxs;Fusf] ;DjGwnfO{ :ylut u/L To:tf] sf/f]jf/nfO{ o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+= !( sf] pka'Fbf -!_
cg';f/ z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] ?kdf klg k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!@= pRr hf]lvdo'Qm u|fxsx?sf nflu kl/is[t u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt cjnDjg ug]{
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL
;DjGwL ck/fwsf] pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf, pRr kb:y JolQm, /fhgLlts ?kdf k|efjzfnL JolQmx?
-PEPs_ / cfdg] ;fdg] geO{ sf/f]jf/ ug]{ u|fxsx?sf nflu kl/:s[t u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt -Inhanced
CDD_ cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{5 . kl/:s[t u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt -Inhanced CDD_ n] cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm
;DklQsf] >f]t / sf/f]jf/ /sdsf] >f]tnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
250
-@_
pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf u|fxsnfO{ klxrfg k|lqmofsf] x/]s r/0fdf kl/is[t u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt
-Inhanced CDD_ nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg txsf] dflyNnf] clwsf/Ln] :jLs[lt glbP;Dd
pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf u|fxsx?;Fu ;DjGw :yfkgf ug{ x'b}g .
-$_ b]xfosf] cfwf/df s'g} u|fxsnfO{ pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf] lgwf{/0f ug{' kg]{5M
-s_
cfdg] ;fdg] geO cGo tl/sfn] ;DjGw :yfkgf ePsf] u|fxs,
-v_
u}/ cfjf;Lo, jf To:tf] JolQmsf] /fli6otf, xfn j;f]jf; /x]sf] d'n's jf klxn]sf] j;f]jf;
/x]sf] d'n's ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL
ck/fwsf] pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf] :yfgsf u|fxs,
-u_
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL ck/fwsf] lgoGq0fdf pko'Qm
:t/ sfod ug{ g;s]sf] d'n's jf If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt,
-3_ /fhgLlts ?kdf k|efjzfnL JolQmx? -PEPs_ jf ltgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:o / ;DjlGwt JolQmx?,
-_
w]/} g]6jy{ ePsf], /sd jf ;DklQsf] >f]t :ki6 gePsf] jf lghL a}+ls Joj;fodf ;+nUg
ePsf] u|fxs,
-r_
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ;DjGwL ck/fwdf ;+nUg x'g ;Sg]
z+sf:kb Joj;fodf ;+nUg ePsf] u|fxs,
-5_
JolQmut ;DklQ wf/0f ug]{ ;fwgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] sfg"gL JolQm,
-h_ :ki6 cfly{s tyf sfg"gL p2]Zo ljgf g} hl6n k|s[ltsf] :jfldTj ;+/rgf ePsf sfg"gL JolQm,
-em_ gf]ldgL z]o/xf]N8/ jf wf/s z]o/ ePsf] sDkgL,
-`_ cTolws e|i6frf/ /x]sf] elg lrlgPsf] d'n's jf cGo cfwf/df pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf] If]qsf
u|fxs, /
-6_
gubsf] j9L k|of]u x'g] Joj;foLs If]qsf] sf/f]jf/df ;+nUg ePsf u|fxs .
-%_ o;} a'Fbfsf] pka'Fbf -$_ df pNn]lvt cfdg] ;fdg] geO{ x'g] sf/f]jf/n] cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf
sf/f]jf/ ;Demg' k5{M
-s_
OG6/g]6af6 :yflkt ;DjGw jf x'nfs dfkm{t :yflkt ;DjGw jf o:t} cGo k|sf/n] :yflkt
;DjGw,
-v_
OG6/g]6af6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf tyf sf/f]jf/,
-u_
ATM sf] k|of]u u/L ul/g] sf/f]jf/,
-3_
6]lnkmf]g a}+ls,
-_
km\ofS; jf cGo o:t} k|sf/sf dfWodaf6 lgb]{zg jf lgj]bg lbO ePsf sf/f]jf/, /
-r_
klxn] g} e'QmfgL u/]sf, gljs/0f ug{ ldNg] jf s'g} vftf;Fu hf]l8Psf sf8{ dfkm{t ul/g] /sd
lgisf;g jf e'QmfgL ;DjGwL sf/f]jf/ .
-^_ cfdg] ;fdg] geO{ x'g] sf/f]jf/df ul/g] kl/is[t u|fxs d"Nofg k4ltdf b]xfosf ljifo ;d]6g' kg]{5 M
-s_
gf]6/L jf cGo ljZjf; of]Uo JolQmn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] sfuhft,
-v_
k|ToIf?kdf sf/f]jf/ ul/g] u|fxs;Fu dfu ul/g] sfuhftsf cltl/Qm yk sfuhftsf] k|flKt,
-u_
:jtGq?kdf k'li6 ug]{ jf u|fxs;Fu ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug]{ k|lqmofsf] ljsf; ePsf] k|0ffnL .
-&_ /fhgLlts ?kdf k|efjzfnL JolQmx? -PEPs_ sf] lgwf{/0f b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|lqmofaf6 ug{' kg]{5M
-s_
;Defljt u|fxs;Fu k|fKt ul/g] ;Dj4 ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df,
-v_
;fj{hlgs?kdf pknJw ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df,
-u_
pknAw ePdf /fhgLlts ?kdf k|efjzfnL JolQmx? -PEPs_ sf] tYofFs -Data Base_ df kx'Fr
:yflkt u/]/ .
-*+_ kl/is[t u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt k|of]u ubf{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ln, j0f{, /+,
a}jflxs ;DjGw, wd{, jf /fli6otfsf] cfwf/df u}/ sfg"gL e]befj x'g glbg] tkm{ cfjZos zt{stf
ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0fM pRr kb:y JolQm eGgfn] :jb]z jf s'g} ljb]zL d'n'sdf /fhg}lts, Joj;flos, ;fdflhs,
ljQLo, k|zf;lgs, Jofkfl/s, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf pRr txdf sfo{/t jf sfo{ ul/;s]sf JolQm,
pRr ;fj{hlgs lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]sf jf /lx;s]sf /fi6 k|d'v, ;/sf/ k|d'v, dGqL, g]kfn ;/sf/
jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf ePsf] ;+:yfsf] k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] eGbf dflysf kbflwsf/L,
/fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?, lghL jf ;fdflhs If]qsf pRr kb:y kbflwsf/L ;Demg' kb{5 . of]
zAbn] To:tf JolQmsf kl/jf/sf ;b:o tyf glhssf ;xof]uL ;d]tnfO{ hgfp5 .
!#= sd hf]lvdo'Qm u|fxsx?sf nflu ;/n u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt cjnDjg ug{ ;Sg]
251
-!_
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfk"mn] u/]sf] lnlvt hf]lvd d"Nofgsf cfwf/df sd
hf]lvd o'Qm u|fxssf] ;/n u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt cjnDjg ug{ ;Sg]5g . Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o:tf] k4lt cjnDjg ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ sfuhft / hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/x?
af/]df o; a}+saf6 dfu eO{ cfPdf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;fdfGotof ;j} u|fxsx?sf nflu o; lgb]{zgdf pNn]lvt u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt cjnDjg ug{' kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] u/]sf] d"Nofgdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL
sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ hf]lvd sd /x]sf], ;DjlGwt u|fxs / lxtflwsf/Lsf] jf/]df ;fj{hlgs ?kdf
g} hfgsf/L pknJw ePsf], jf /fli6o k|0ffnLdf pko'Qm lgoGq0f / k/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] cj:yfdf
;/n u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt cjnDjg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ hf]lvd sd ePsf u|fxs jf sf/f]jf/x? pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5gM
-s_ o; a}+sn] ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ ;+:yfx?
-v_ o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf & sf] pka'Fbf -#_ df pNn]v eP cg'?k pko'Qm lgodg / ;'kl/j]If0f
cGt/ut /x]sf ljb]zL ljQLo ;+:yfx?,
-u_ g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{n] lgodg ug]{ :6s PS;r]Ghdf ;"lrs[t ePsf] klJns sDkgL / ljQLo
hfgsf/L OsfO{n] l:js[t u/]sf / k|sfzg -Disclosure_ ;DjGwL pko'Qm lgodg / ;'kl/j]If0f
cGt/ut /x]sf ljb]zL :6s PS;r]Ghdf ;"lrs[t ePsf klJns sDkgLx?,
-3_ ? !,)),))) eGbf sd jflif{s sf/f]jf/ ePsf art tyf rNtL vftfx? .
-$_ o;} a'Fbfsf] pka'Fbf -#_ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ df pNn]v ePsf u}/ cfjf;Lo tyf ljb]zL sDkgLx?sf]
xsdf To:tf sDkgLx? /x]sf] :yfg jf d'n'sn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo
nufgL ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf /x]sf cGt//fli6o dfkb08x?sf] kfngf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DjlGwt d'n'sn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL
sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf /x]sf cGt//fli6o dfkb08x?sf] kfngf u/]
gu/]sf] ;DjGwdf lgwf{/0f ubf{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] k|sflzt u/]sf] ;"lr jf k|ltj]bg, FATF, APG,
IMF, World Bank h:tf lgsfox?sf j]j;fO6df k|sfzg ePsf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; a}+sn] s'g} d'n's jf If]qn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{nfO{
lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf /x]sf cGt//fli6o dfkb08x?sf] kfngf gu/]sf] elg hfgsf/L u/fPsf] jf
lj:j:t :jtGq ;"rgfx?sf cfwf/df ;DjlGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] g} ;DklQ
z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf /x]sf
cGt//fli6o dfkb08x?sf] kfngf gu/]sf] elg kQf nufPsf], jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ;f] ;DjGwL hf]lvd
/x]sf] elg z+sf ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f ePsf :yfgsf u|fxssf] xsdf eg] ;/n u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt nfu"
ug{ x'b}g .
!$= ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ul/g] :yfgfGt/0f -Wire Transfer_ ;DjGwL gLlt / k|lqmof
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm"n] ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;j} :yfgfGt/0fsf]
;DjGwdf pTklQstf{sf] k"0f{ ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ / ;f]sf] ;Totf k'i6\ofO{ k|fKt ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pTklQstf{sf] k"0f{ ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? kg]{5gM
-s_
pTklQstf{sf] gfd,
-v_
pTklQstf{sf] vftf gDj/ -vftf gDj/ gePsf] cj:yfdf 5'} klxrfg gDj/_,
-u_
pTklQstf{sf] kl/ro kq gDj/ jf 7]ufgf.
-#_ ;Ldf jf/kf/ x'g] ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ul/g] :yfgfGt/0fx?sf] ;DjGwdf cfb]z lbg] Ohfhtkq k|fKt
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;fd'lxs :yfgfGt/0f ul/g] ljk|]if0fsf] nflu tf]lsPsf cj:yfx?df afx]s
pTklQstf{sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf jf e'QmfgL] cfb]z k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ :jb]zL ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ul/g] :yfgfGt/0f ;DjGwdf cfb]z lbg] ;+:yfn] b]xfosf dWo] s'g} Ps
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_
pTklQstf{sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf jf e'QmfgL cfb]z, jf
-v_
vftf gDj/ jf vftf gDj/ gePsf] u|fxssf] ;DjGwdf 5'} klxrfg gDj/ ;lxtsf] ;"rgf jf
e'QmfgL cfb]z .
-%_ qm]l86 sf8{ jf 8]lj6 sf8{ jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] sf8{x? dfkm{t x'g] /sd :yfgfGt/0fsf ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] To:tf sf8{ hf/L ubf{ cGo ;+:yfx?f/f hf/L
sf8{x?dfkm{t e'QmfgL ubf{ To:tf sf8{sf wf/sx?sf] k"0f{ ;"rgf lnOPsf] x'g' kb{5 .
252
-^_
e'QmfgL lbg] ;+:yf jf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] dfu u/]sf] tLg sfo{lbg leq pTklQstf{sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f
pknJw u/fpg ;Sg] cj:yfdf dfq o;} a'Fbfsf] pka'Fbf -$_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof
cjnDjg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-&_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k7fPsf] ;Ldf jf/kf/ ;fd'lxs ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ul/g]
:yfgfGt/0fn] :jb]zL ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ul/g] :yfgfGt/0f ;DjGwdf tf]lsPsf k|lqmof k'/f u/]sf]
cj:yfdf o;nfO{ :jb]zL ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ul/g] :yfgfGt/0f h:t} u/L ug{ ;Sg]5g .
-*_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] u}/ tflnsfo'Qm sf/f]jf/x? h;n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{sf] hf]lvdnfO{ a9fpg] ub{5g To:tfnfO{ ;fd'lxs
:yfgfGt/0f ug{ lbg' x'b}g .
-(_ ;Dj4 ljB'tLo sf/f]jf/sf ;DjGwdf e'QmfgL k|lqmofdf ;+nUg x'g] ;j} dWo:y tyf e'QmfgL lbg]
;+:yfx?n] pTklQstf{sf] ;"rgf lng' kg]{5 .
-!)_ pTklQstf{sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f gePsf ljB'tLo ljk|]if0fsf] e'QmfgL lbg] Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]jf/nfO{ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{sf]
hf]lvdo'Qm /x]sf] dfGg' kg]{5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;DjlGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;j
eGbf klxn] cfb]z lbg] ;+:yfaf6 pTklQstf{sf] ;DjGwdf 5'6 ljj/0f dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . olb 5'6 ljj/0f
k|fKt gePdf pTklQstf{sf] k"0f{ ljj/0fsf] cefjdf To:tf] sf/f]jf/nfO{ ;+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] ?kdf lnO{
;f]sf] ljj/0f ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . o;sf cltl/Qm Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfn] To:tf] sf/f]jf/ ug{ OGsf/ klg ug{ ;Sg]5 . pko'{Qm cj:yfdf e'QmfgL lbg] ;+:yfn] o;
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gug]{ ;+:yf;Fu sf/f]jf/ ug{ k|ltjGw nufpg] jf ;DjGw ;dfKt ug{ klg ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0fM != ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 :yfgfGt/0f eGgfn] ljB'tLo dfWodsf] k|of]u u/L s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf dfkm{t s'g} JolQmsf] /sd Ps :yfgaf6 csf]{ :yfgdf k7fpg] sfo{nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
o;/L /sd k7fpg] / k|fKt ug]{ JolQm Pp6} jf cnu cnu x'g ;Sb5g .
@= pTklQstf{ eGgfn] vftfjfnf jf vftf geP klg s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ Ps :yfgaf6
csf]{ :yfgdf ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 /sd :yfgfGt/0f ug{ cg'/f]w ug]{ JolQm ;Demg' kb{5 .
!%= ;Ldf jf/kf/ s/];kf]08]G6 a}ls jf o:t} ;DjGw ;DjGwL gLlt / k|lqmof
-!_ s ju{sf a}+s tyf /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] s/];kf]08]G6 a}ls ;DjGwdf
cfjZos gLlt, k|lqmof, tyf lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] th{'df u/L nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 . s/];kf]08]G6 a}ls ;]jf
k|bfg ug{] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] csf]{ kIfn] nfu" u/]sf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df
ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{ ;DjGwL ;+oGq k|efjsf/L eP gePsf] d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf nflu a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf]{ kIfsf] af/]df kof{Kt ;"rgf lnO{ p;sf] Joj;fosf] af/]df a'em\g' kg]{5 .
;fj{hlgs ?kdf pknJw ;"rgfsf cfwf/df To:tf] ;+:yfsf] ;fv lgwf{/0f ug]{, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL lgoGq0f ;DjGwL ;+oGqsf] ;DjGwdf cg';Gwfg ePsf] jf
lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] sf/jfxLdf k/] gk/]sf] ;d]t Plsg ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} a}+s tyf /fli6o:t/sf
v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] s/];kf]08]G6 a}lssf] nflu s'g} ljb]zL a}+s;Fu ;DjGw :yflkt ubf{ jf
lg/Gt/tf lb+bf csf]{ kIf ;DjlGwt clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfojf6 k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;'k/Lj]If0f eO/x]sf] s'/f
lgZrt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} a}+s tyf /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm" btf{ ePsf] :yfgdf sfof{no g/x]sf]
jf s'g} klg lgodgdf /x]sf ljQLo ;d"xdf g/x]sf] s'g} ljb]zL a}+s;Fu -;]n a}+s h:tf_ s/];kf]08]G6
a}lssf] ;DjGw :yflkt ug{ jf lg/Gt/tf lb+g x'b}g .
-#_ s/];kf]08]G6 a}lssf] nflu s'g} ljb]zL a}+ssf] af/]df hfgsf/L ln+bf cGo s'/fx?sf cltl/Qm ;DjlGwt
a}+ssf] Joj:yfkg, d'Vo Joj;foLs lqmofsnfk /x]sf] :yfg, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df
ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{ lgoGq0f ;DjGwL k|of;, ;DjlGwt d'n'ssf] lgodg tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf] k|0ffnL
/ vftfsf] p2]Zo nufotsf ljifodf hfgsf/L lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ a}+s tyf /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo
nufgL ug]{ sfo{ lgoGq0f ;DjGwL cGt//fli6o dfkb08x?sf] kfngf gug]{ d'n'sdf btf{ ePsf] jf
/x]sf] a}+s;Fu s/];kf]08]G6 a}lssf] nflu ;DjGw :yflkt ubf{ ljz]if Wofg lbg' kg]{5 . o:tf]
cfj:yfdf kl/:s[t u|fxs d"Nofg k4lt cjnDjg ug'{sf cltl/Qm To:tf] a}+ssf] dflns jf
lxtflwsf/Lsf] af/]df / p;sf] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ sfo{
lgoGq0f ;DjGwL gLlt / k|lqmofsf] af/]df ;d]t hfgsf/L lng' kg]{5 .
-%_ a}+s tyf /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] s/];kf]08]G6 vftfx? dfkm{t x'g] sf/f]jf/sf]
lgoldt cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos gLlt, k|lqmof / lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] th'{df u/L nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
253
-^_
a}+s tyf /fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] s/];kf]08]G6 vftf dfkm{t x'g] sf/f]jf/df csf]{
kIfn] p;sf u|fxsn] g} s/];kf]08]G6 vftfx? -k]ojn y|' PsfpG6_ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'ljwf lbPsf]
5 eg] To:tf] cj:yfdf laz]if zts{tf ckgfpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf csf]{ kIfn] cfkm\gf u|fxssf]
o; lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg k4lt cjnDjg u/]sf] / cfkm'n] dfu]sf avt To:tf] u|fxssf] ljj/0f
csf]{ kIfaf6 k|fKt x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lgZrttf ug'{ kg]{5 .
:kli6s/0fM != s/];\kf]G8]06 a}+ls eGgfn] csf]{ a}+ssf] k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf ljb]zdf lgIf]k, e'QmfgL, Sn]ol/
nufotsf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
@= k]Pjn y|' PsfpG6 -Payable-through accounts) eGgfn] t];|f] kIfn] sf/f]jf/ ug{ ;Sg] u/L
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf vf]lnPsf]] vftf ;Demg' kb{5 .
!^= clen]v ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg]
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ;j} sf/f]jf/ tyf ljQLo hfgsf/L
OsfO{df k7fPsf o; lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf z+sf:kb tyf ;Ldf sf/f]jf/sf] clen]v sf/f]jf/ ePsf]
ldltn] slDtdf kfFrjif{ -cflwsfl/s lgsfon] tf]s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] eGbf a9L klg_ ;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg'
kg]{5 . of] Joj:yf ;DjGw jf sf/f]jf/ rfn' /x]sf] jf ;dfKt ePsf] b'j} cj:yfdf nfu" x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s sf/f]jf/ k"0f{ klxrfg ug{ ;lsg] / cfjZos kbf{ kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cleof]hg ubf{ k|df0fdf
lng ;Sg] lsl;dn] sf/f]jf/sf] ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{5 . To:tf] sf/f]jf/ ljj/0fdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_
u|fxssf] -lxtflwsf/L ;d]tsf]_ gfd, 7]ufgf -klxrfg ;DjGwL cGo dWo:yf/f /flvPsf] ljj/0f_
-v_
sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt / ldlt,
-u_
k|of]u ePsf] d'b|fsf] k|sf/ / dfqf, /
-3_
sf/f]jf/df k|of]u ePsf] vftf gDj/ / ;f]sf] k|sf/ .
!&= ;Ldf sf/f]jf/ ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf ;Ldf leqsf] ?k}ofF tyf ;f] j/fj/sf] ljb]zL d'b|fsf]
sf/f]jf/sf] ljj/0f To:tf] sf/f]jf/ ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq cg';'rL !(=# sf] 9fFrfdf ljQLo
hfgsf/L OsfO{ ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ s'g} u|fxsn] Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L Ps lbgdf u/]sf] ?= !) nfv jf ;f] eGbf j9L /sdsf]
gub sf/f]jf/,
-v_ s'g} u|fxsnfO{ Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L Ps lbgdf u/]sf] ?= !) nfv jf ;f] eGbf j9L /sd
a/fj/sf] ljb]zL d'b|fsf] e'QmfgL jf g]kfnsf] ;Ldf jf/kf/ x'g] u/L u/]sf] ljB'tLo jf cGo
:yfgfGt/0f,
-u_ s'g} u|fxsn] Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L Ps lbgdf u/]sf] ?= % nfv jf ;f] eGbf j9L /sdsf]
d'b|f ;6xL sf/f]jf/ .
-@_ bz nfv jf ;f] eGbf a9Lsf] lgIf]k lng] ;DjGwdf Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] 5'6}
sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L ;f]xL cg'?k ;~rfng / n]vf /fVg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, To:tf] sf/f]jf/ jf
/sdsf] >f]t ;d]t k|fKt u/L u|fxs d"Nofg ljj/0fdf ;d]t cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
o; k|of]hgsf nflu u|fxssf] :jM3f]if0ff (self declaration) klg dfGo x'g]5 . ;fy}, s'g} lgIf]kstf{n]
:jM3f]if0ff ubf{ To:tf] /sd cft+sjfb, nfu' kbfy{sf] sf/f]jf/, dfgj a]rljvg / ;+ul7t ck/fw
nufotsf cj}w ;|f]taf6 cfh{g ePsf] xf]Og egL :jM3f]if0ff u/]df ;d]t dfGo x'g]5 .
-#_ olb s'g} sf/f]jf/ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf] elg
s'g} Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ nfu]df To:tf] sf/f]jf/ dfly pNn]lvt ;Ldf eGbf
dflysf] eP jf geP klg o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf !( sf] pka'Fbf -!_ cg';f/ z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] ?kdf
ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o:tf ljj/0fx? ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] tf]s] adf]lhd laB'tLo jf cGo dfWodaf6 k7fpg ;lsg]5 .
!*= ljj/0f k7fpg 5'6
-!_ o; lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf !& sf] pka'Fbf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] b]xfosf ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;+:yf / JolQmx?n] u/]sf] sf/f]jf/sf] ljj/0f ljQLo
hfgsf/L OsfO{df k7fpg kg]{ 5}g .
-s_
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/ cGtu{tsf] sfof{no jf lgsfon] u/]sf] sf/f]jf/,
254
o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ljz]if P]g cGtu{t :yflkt lgsfo eGgfn] s'g} vf; lgsfo :yfkgf ug{ ag]sf]
P]g cGt{ut :yflkt lgsfo ;Demg' k5{ .
255
eO{/x]sf] cg';Gwfg jf cGo ;Dj4 ;"rgfx? v08 -v_ df pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf / k|rlnt
sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} klg lsl;dn] JoQm ug{ jf k|s6 ug{ x'b}g .
-v_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ sf] s'g} Joj:yfsf]
sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf] lgsfon] dfu u/]sf avt To:tf] hfgsf/L k|s6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ s;}n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu afx]s z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf]
ljj/0f tof/ ug]{, ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{ jf cGo ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL ug]{ ;DjGwL sfo{sf] af/]df ljj/0f k7fpg] JolQmsf] kl/ro v'Ng
;Sg] s'g} klg k|sf/n] k|s6 ug{ x'b}g .
-3_ s;}n] klg Gofosf] k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos ePsf] elg Gofolwz jf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] k|s6
ug{ cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf] ljj/0f jf ;f]df ;dfj]z ePsf cGo hfgsf/L
To:tf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{, To:tf] sf/f]jf/ ;DkGg ug]{, ljj/0f k7fpg] JolQmx?sf] kl/ro jf
kl/ro v'Ng] u/L s'g} klg k|s6 ug{ x'b}g .
-@_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, lgod / o; lgb]{zgsf] Joj:yf cg'?k c;n lgotn] ljj/0f k7fPsf]
jf hfgsf/L lbPsf] sf/0fn] s'g} klg ;"rs ;+:yf jf To;sf ;~rfns, lk|G;Lkn, kbflwsf/L,
;fem]bf/, k]zfut Joj;foL jf sd{rf/LnfO{ a}+ls jf cGo s'g} klg k]zfut uf]Kotf e+u u/]sf]
cf/f]kdf o; a}+sn] s'g} klg sf/jfxL ug{] 5}g .
@!= cfGtl/s gLlt, k|lqmof, k|0ffnL / lgoGq0f
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] o; lgb]{zgsf] kfngf x'g] u/L cfjZos cfGtl/s gLlt,
k|lqmof tyf lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] th'{df u/L nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] k|0ffnLdf slDtdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
lgjf/0f P]g @)^$, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f lgodfjnL @)^^, o; lgb]{zgsf Joj:yfx?sf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yfksLo :t/sf] sfof{Gjog clws[t lgo'Qm ug]{ Joj:yfx? ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sfof{Gjog clws[t tyf cGo ;Dj4 sd{rf/Ln] u|fxs klxrfg tyf u|fxs klxrfg k4lt cg'?ksf
ljj/0f, sf/f]jf/sf] ljj/0f, / cGo ;Dj4 hfgsf/Lx? ;dod} k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
sfof{Gjog clws[tn] :jtGq?kdf sfo{ ug]{ tyf p;sf] cfkm\gf] ;'kl/j]Ifs eGbf dflyNnf] txsf]
clwsf/L jf ;~rfns ;ldlt jf ;dfg :t/sf] cGo s'g} ;ldlt ;dIfsf] kx'FrnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sfof{Gjog clws[tsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, of]Uotf, ;Dks{ gDj/,
Od]n nufotsf ljj/0f o; a}+s / ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{ ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 . sfof{Gjog
clws[tsf] kl/jt{g jf cGo ljj/0fdf kl/jt{g ePdf ;f]sf] ;d]t hfgsf/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] slDtdf q}dfl;s ?kdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
lgjf/0f P]g @)^$, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f lgodfjnL @)^^, o; lgb]{zgsf Joj:yfx?sf]
sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ;dLIff ug'{ kg]{5 / cw{jflif{s ?kdf ;dLIff k|ltj]bg ljQLo hfgsf/L
OsfO{df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL
ug]{ ;DjGwL ck/fwsf] lgoGq0f ;DjGwdf cfjZos ;"rgfx? cfk;df cfbfg k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] oL gLlt, k|lqmof tyf lgoGq0fsf ;+oGqx?sf] sfof{Gjog
eP gePsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf cfjZos ;|f]t tyf :jtGq n]vfk/LIf0f -gd'gf k/LIf0f ;d]t_
;DjGwL Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df x'g] nufgL
lgoGq0f ug{ ljsl;t eO{/x]sf ;+oGqx? / ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df k|of]u eO{/x]sf
tl/sf / k|j[lQx?, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df x'g] nufgL ;DjGwL ck/fw lgoGq0f ug{
ag]sf sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj, u|fxs klxrfg k|lqmof / z+sf:kb sf/f]jf/sf]
ljj/0f k7fpg] tl/sf ;d]tsf af/]df cfk\mgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfjZos tflnd Pj+ hfgsf/Lsf] Joj:yf
lg/Gt/ ?kdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] sd{rf/L 5gf}6 ubf{ pko'{Qm dfkb08 ;lxtsf] 5gf}6
k|lqmof cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@= gofF k|ljlwsf] b'?kof]u x'g glbg] u/L gLlt tyf k|lqmof th'{df u/L nfu" ug]{
-!_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df x'g] nufgL
;DjGwdf x'g ;Sg] k|ljlwsf] b'?kof]u /f]Sg cfjZos gLlt tyf k|lqmof th'{df u/L nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
256
-@_
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] o:tf] gLlt tyf k|lqmofn] cfdg] ;fdg] geO{ x'g]
Joj;foLs ;DjGw jf sf/f]jf/;Fu ;DjlGwt ljz]if hf]lvdnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] gLlt
tyf k|lqmof u|fxs;Fu ;DjGw :yflkt ubf{ / u|fxssf] d"NofFsg k4lt cjnDjg u/L nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
@#= 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM
o; lgb]{zgdf h'g;'s} s'/f pNn]v eP tfklg 3 ju{sf n3' ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf cfkm\gf] sfo{
k|s[lt adf]lhdsf] u|fxs :jLsf/ k|lqmof, u|fxssf] kl/ro ug]{ k|lqmof, u|fxssf] sf/f]jf/sf] cg'udg
k|lqmof / hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|lqmof h:tf ljifodf s]lGb|t eO{ cfgf] u|fxs klxrfg (Know your
Customers) sfo{ljlw tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, cfgf] u|fxsx? jLrsf] sf/f]jf/sf] clen]v -O{n]S6f]lgs
/]s8{ ;d]t_ sf/f]jf/ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
@$= sf/jfxL / ;hfo
-!_ o; lgb]{zgsf] s'g} klg Joj:yfsf] pNn+3g ug]{ sd{rf/L tyf kbflwsf/L sf/jfxLsf] efuLbf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ o; lgb]{zgsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog gug]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf / To:tf] a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* adf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL,
hl/jfgf jf tf]lsPsf cGo sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
@%= vf/]hL / arfp
-!_ o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf]] u|fxs klxrfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f= lgb]{zg g+= !()^* af6 hf/L
ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt
;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_ pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;} lgb]{zg
adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
257
cg';"rL !(=!
u|fxssf] d'NofFsg k4lt -klxrfg_ sfod ug]{ sfo{ljlw
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] u|fxssf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf ljj/0f tyf sfuhft k|fKt ug'{
kg]{5 . ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] cfjZos 7fg]df u|fxssf] cGt/jftf{ ;d]t lng ;Sg]5 .
-c_
lgIf]k u|fxssf] ;DaGwdf
-s_
JolQmut vftf
(1)
:ki6 gfd, y/
(2)
lktfsf] gfd
(3)
>Ldfg\>LdtLsf] gfd
(4)
:yfoL 7]ufgf -7]ufgf k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfjZos sfuhft x'g'kg]{ . To:tf sfuhftx?df
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq, /fxbfgL, kfgL tyf lah'nLsf] lan, cfjZos k/]df ;DalGwt
a}+s sd{rf/Ln] :ynut e|d0f u/L tof/ u/]sf] gS;f, dtbftf kl/rokq, nfnk"hf{
cflb _
xfn j;f]jf; ul//x]sf] k'/f 7]ufgf
(5)
(6)
hGd ldlt
(7)
6]lnkmf]g gDa/ -ePdf pNn]v ug]{_
(8)
gful/stfkf;kf]6{ gDa/ lnPsf] ldlt / sfof{no
(9)
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yf jf lghL If]qsf] ;+:yfdf sfd
ug]{ sd{rf/L eP kl/rokqsf] 5jLlrq
(10)
kmf]6f]
(11)
cGo cfjzos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
-v_
;fem]bf/L jf JolQmut kmd{sf] vftf
(1)
kmd{sf] gfd
(2)
7]ufgf
(3)
6]lnkmf]gdf]jfOn gDa/ -ePdf pNn]v ug]{_
(4)
;fem]bf/ ;a}sf] gfd / tLgsf] 7]ufgf -kmf]g g+= ;lxt_
(5)
;fem]bf/sf] kmf]6f]
(6)
kmd{ /lhi6]zgsf] k|df0fkq
(7)
:yfgLo lgsfo jf cGo ;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ eO{ :yfoL n]vf gDa/ k|fKt u/]sf]
k|df0fkq
(8)
kmd{sf ;fem]bf/ jLr ePsf] sa'lnotgfdf
(9)
;fem]bf/ kmd{ eP cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf lbPsf] clVtof/gfdf
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
(10)
-u_
sDkgLsf] vftf
(1)
sDkgLsf] gfd
(2)
/lhi68{ sfof{no /x]sf] :yfg
(3)
k"/f 7]ufgf -6]lnkmf]g, ofS; ;d]t_
(4)
;+:yfkgf / u7g ;DaGwL k|df0fkq tyf sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL
(5)
;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfd / 7]ufgf -ePdf kmf]g gDa/ ;d]t pNn]v ug]{_
(6)
;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] kmf]6f]
(7)
vftf vf]Ng] / vftf ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;~rfns ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{o /
clVtof/L
(8)
;~rfns ;ldltn] sfo{sf/L k|d'v / cGo clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf]
;DaGwdf k|bfg u/]sf] clVtof/L
(9)
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
-3_
Snau}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] vftf
(1)
Sna tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] gfd
(2)
7]ufgf
(3)
;+:yf btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft 5ljlrq
(4)
ljwfg
258
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
-_
-r_
-5_
-h_
sfo{ ;ldltsf] gfd / 7]ufgf -ePdf kmf]g gDa/ ;d]t pNn]v ug]{_
6]lnkmf]g gDa/
vftf vf]Ng] ;DaGwL sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o
Sna jf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfnssfo{sf/L ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] kmf]6f]
vftf ;~rfng tyf cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL clVtof/L
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] vftf
(1)
;+:yfsf] gfd
(2)
7]ufgf
(3)
kmf]g g+= -ePdf pNn]v ug]{_
(4)
;+:yfsf] ljlgod
(5)
;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfd / 7]ufgf -ePdf kmf]g gDa/ ;d]t pNn]v ug]{_
(6)
;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] kmf]6f]
(7)
;+:yf btf{ ;DaGwL k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft 5ljlrq
(8)
vftf vf]Ng] ;DaGwL ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;DaGwL clVtof/L
(9)
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
;fj{hlgs u'7L jf lghL u'7Lsf] vftf
(1)
gfd
(2)
7]ufgf
(3)
kmf]g g+= -ePdf pNn]v ug]{_
(4)
ljwfg
(5)
u'7L :yfkgf ;DaGwL ePsf] sa'lnotgfdf
(6)
u'7L ;+rfnssf] gfd / 7]ufgf
(7)
u'7L ;+rfnssf] kmf]6f]
(8)
u'7L :yfkgf ;DaGwL k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft 5ljlrq
(9)
;~rfnsJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfd / 7]ufgf
(10)
vftf vf]Ng] ;DaGwL ;~rfnsJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{o / cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL
clVtof/L
(11)
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
:s"n jf SofDk;sf] vftf
(1)
:s"n jf SofDk;sf] gfd
(2)
7]ufgf
k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL
(3)
(4)
;+:yf :jLs[ltsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft 5ljlrq
(5)
:s"n jf SofDk;sf] k|d'v kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, kmf]g g+= / kmf]6f]
(6)
;~rfnsJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] gfd / 7]ufgf -ePdf kmf]g gDa/ ;d]t
pNn]v ug]{_
(7)
;~rfnsJoj:yfkg ;ldltn] vftf vf]Ng] ;DaGwL u/]sf] lg0f{o / cfly{s sf/f]jf/
;DaGwL lbPsf] clVtof/L
(8)
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
cGt//fli6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] vftf
;+:yfsf] gfd
(1)
(2)
7]ufgf
(3)
;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ / ;+:yf jLr s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] eP ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnkL
(4)
g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] eP ;f] ;Demf}tf
(5)
;DalGwt b]z jf ;f] b]zsf] /fhb"tfjf;sf] l;kmfl/z kq
(6)
;+:yfsf] ljwfg
(7)
;+:yfsf] b'O{ k|d'v kbflwsf/L tyf ;+rfnssf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, kmf]g g+= / kmf]6f] /
7]ufgf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhftx?
(8)
g]kfnl:yt ;f] ;+:yfsf tk{msf6 lgo"Qm ePsf] k|ltlglw jf k|d'vsf] gfd, y/, kmf]6f]
;lxt 7]ufgf k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft
259
(9)
(10)
-em_
-`_
-6_
-7_
;+:yfn] vftf vf]Ng lbPsf] clVtof/L / cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ug{ lbPsf] clVtof/L
cGo cfjZos sfuhft -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
ljb]zL JolQmsf] vftf
(1)
k"/f gfd, y/, 7]ufgf
(2)
lktf jf kltsf] gfd
(3)
Dofb ggf3]sf] le;fsf] k|dfl0ft 5ljlrq
(4)
kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnkL
(5)
sfo{/t ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/z kq -sd{rf/L eP_
(6)
g]kfnsf] k"/f 7]ufgf jf ;Dks{ :yfg
(7)
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
ljb]zL sDkgLsf] vftf
(1)
lab]zL sDkgL btf{ ePsf] sfuhft
(2)
sDkgLsf] k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL
(3)
a}b]lzs sDkgLn] vftf vf]Ng lbPsf] clVtof/L tyf sf/f]jf/ ug{ lbPsf] clVtof/L
(4)
/lhi68{ 7]ufgfJofkfl/s 7]ufgf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft
(5)
a}b]lzs sDkgLsf] k|d'v b'O{ kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, kmf]6f], kmf]g g+= ;lxt
JolQmut ljj/0f / 7]ufgf k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft
(6)
g]kfnsf] k"/f 7]ufgf, ;+ks{ :yfg jf ;+ks{ JolQm
(7)
cGo cfjZos sfuhft -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
s'6g}lts lgof]u/fhb'tfjf;sf] vftf
(1)
lgof]u/fhb'tfjf;sf] kq
(2)
vftf ;~rfng ;DaGwL clVtof/L
(3)
vftf ;~rfnssf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, kmf]6f] tyf 7]ufgf k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft
(4)
cGo cfjZos sfuhft -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL gful/ssf] vftf
(1)
k"/f gfd, y/, 7]ufgf
(2)
lktfsf] gfd
(3)
>Ldfg\>LdtLsf] gfd
(4)
cfo ;|f]t v'Ng] sfuhftx?
(5)
/f]huf/bftf ;+:yf ;Fusf] ;Demf}tfkqlgo'lQmkq
(6)
kf;kf]6{sf] k|dfl0ft 5ljlrq
(7)
g]kfnsf] k"/f 7]ufgf jf ;+ks{ :yfg
cGo cfjZos sfuhftx? -a}+sljQLo ;+:yf :jo+n] tf]Sg ;Sg]_
(8)
260
cg';"rL !(=@
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf C0fsf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf v'nfpg'kg]{ laa/0fsf] 9fFrf
ldltM ====================
-?= xhf/df_
C0f lnPsf] cGo a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd
aSof}tf /sd -ldlt_
Dofb gf3]sf] 55}g
!=
======= a}+sljQLo ;+:yf
rfn' k'FhL shf{
cfjlws shf{
cGo shf{
u}/sf]ifdf cfwfl/t ;'ljwf
hDdf
@=
hDdf
s'n hDdf
pk/f]Qm adf]lhd dxfdLn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ljj/0f 7Ls 5 e'mf 7x/] sfg'g adf]lhd sf/jfxL ePdf d~h'/L 5
egL ;xL ug]{M
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] b:tvtM
JolQmsf] gfdkmd{, sDkgL / ;+:yfsf] gfd / 5fkM
261
cg';"rL !(=#
Threshold Transaction Report (TTR) Form
for Banks and Financial Institutions
Name of Reporting Institution:
S. Name and address of Branc
N. the person holding h
account
(including
legal)
Source
of
Fund
Remar
ks
Signature :
(Compliance Officer or authorized officer)
Name
:
Designation :
Phone
:
Email
:
Fax
:
Date
:
262
cg';"rL !(=$
Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) Form for Banks and Financial Institutions
A. Reporting Institution :
1. Name of the Institution/Branch:
B. Details of Customer :
1. 1. Name of the account holder/s/customer:
2. Address:
3. Profession(if applicable):
4. Nationality(if applicable):
5. Other account(s) number (if any):
6. Other business (if nay):
7. Father/Mothers name (if applicable):
8. Date of birth/establishment:
C. Account/Transaction Details
1 Account Number/Transaction:
2. Nature of the account/transaction*:
(Current/savings/loan/other, pls. specify)
3. Nature of ownership:
(Individual/proprietorship
/partnership/company/other, pls. specify)
4.Date of opening/transaction:
5. Other account(s) number/transaction
(if any):
6. Amount:
7. Others:
*Cash/Transfer/Clearing/TT/etc. Add paper if necessary
263
Identity of clients
b.
Activity in account
c.
Background of client
d.
Multiple accounts
e.
Nature of transaction
f.
Value of transaction
g.
Other reason (Pls. Specify)
E. Suspicious Activity Information
Summary characterization of suspicious activity:
a.
Corruption/Gratuit
y
e.
False statement
h.
Structuring
b.
Cheque fraud
f.
E
or wire frauds i.
(debit/credit or other
card)
Mysterious
Disappearance/behavior
c.
Tax evasion
g.
Identity Theft
j.
Counterfeit instrument
d.
Loan fraud
h.
Terrorist Financing
k.
264
Date:
No
cg';"rL !(=%
Internal Record Form of STR Submission for Banks and Financial Institutions
Name of Reporting Institution:
S.N.
Date
of Nature of Amount
Transaction
Transaction
Reasons to Rem.
be
suspicious
Signature :
(Compliance Officer or authorized officer)
Name
:
Designation :
Phone
:
Email
:
Fax
:
Date
:
265
Signatu
re
!=
!=@=
!=#=
!=$=
!=%=
!=^=
@=
#=
266
$=
%=
^=
@=
-;xfos sDkgL_ df u/]sf] ;+:yfks z]o/ nufgL tyf shf{ k|jfxnfO{ o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg
adf]lhd ljkGg ju{ shf{ cGtu{t u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt o:tf] 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfdf u/]sf] z]o/ nufgL /sdnfO{ k|fylds k'FhLaf6
36fO{ k'FhLsf]if sfod ug'{ kg]{] ljBdfg k|fjwfgnfO{ ljkGg ju{df x'g] nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{
o; k|of]hgfy{ 5'6 lbOg] 5 . ;fy}, ;xfos sDkgLsf ?kdf :yflkt eO{ n3'ljQ sf/f]af/ ug]{
3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfdf nufgL eO{ ljQLo :jfy{ :yflkt ePsf] v08df ;d]t ljQLo :jfy{
ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?df ul/Psf] z]o/ nufgL /sdnfO{ k|fylds k'FhLaf6 36fpg' kg]{ ljBdfg
k|fjwfgnfO{ klg 5'6 lbOg] 5 .
n3'ljQ sf/f]af/ ug]{ 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf Psf3/ kl/jf/, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;l7t
;+:yf jf Ps} ;d"xsf sDkgLsf] z]o/ nufgLsf] clwstd xb r'Qmf k'FhLsf] @% k|ltzt;Dd
x'g;Sg] ljBdfg Joj:yf /x]sf]df o;/L ;xfos sDkgL :yfkgf ug{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt -s, v
/ u ju{sf_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPdf To:tf] z]o/ nufgLsf] ;Ldfdf 5'6
lbO{g] 5 .
3 ju{sf] n3'ljQ sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkqsf] nflu k|:tfljt o:tf] ;xfos sDkgL o;
a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt 3 ju{sf] 5'6\6} ljQLo ;+:yf -Separate Entity_ sf] ?kdf /xg] x'gfn]
To:tf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f / cGo Joj:yfx? a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
;DaGwL P]g, @)^# tyf ljBdfg cGo Joj:yf cg'?k g} x'g] 5 .
dr]{G6 a}+ls+u ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{] ;xfos sDkgL :yfkgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] :jk'FhL -Equity_ nufgL
u/]/ 5'} ;xfos sDkgL dfkm{t g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{af6 cg'dlt lnO{ nufgL ;DaGwL ljBdfg gLltut
Joj:yf tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL dr]{G6 a}+ls+u ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ sDtLdf %!
k|ltzt :jfldTj x'g] ;xfos sDkgL -Subsidiary Company_ :yfkgf u/L sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yfsf
;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] gLltut Joj:yf sfod ul/Psf]] 5 .
-!_
dr]{06 a}ls ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ 5'} ;xfos sDkgLdf nufgL ubf{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v /
u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo :jfy{ :yflkt x'g] ePsf]n] pQm ;xfos sDkgLdf
ul/Psf] s'n nufgL /sdnfO{ k'FhLsf]if u0fgf ubf{ k|fylds k'FhLaf6 36fO{ k'FhLsf]if sfod ug'{
kg]{]5 .
-@_
O=k|f= lgb]{zg g+= * df ePsf cGo Joj:yfnfO{ oyfjt sfod /fvL] o;}u/L Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfn] ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/df nufgL ubf{ nufgL x'g] ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf]
!) k|ltztdf ggf3\g] u/L dfq nufgL ug'{ kg]{5 . eGg] Joj:yf o; k|of]hgsf nflu 5'6 k|bfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
-#_
;xfos sDkgLsf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f / cGo Joj:yfx? g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{n] to u/]sf]
gLlt lgb]{zg tyf ljBdfg cGo Joj:yf cg'?k x'g]5 . o; Joj:yfaf6 pQm ;xfos sDkgLdf
g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] tkm{af6 cfjZostf cg';f/ lg/LIf0f;'kl/j]If0f ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt d'Vo sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] ljQLo ljj/0f k]z ubf{ ;xfos sDkgLsf]
ljQLo ljj/0fx? ;d]t PsLs[t?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] k|of]hgfy{ n]vf gLlt / ljQLo ljj/0f
O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+=$ sf] ;DalGwt yk cg';"rLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, ;xfos
sDkgLsf] n]vf gLlt, ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf cGo gLltk|0ffnLx? -Policies, Procedures and
Systems) d'Vo sDkgL;+u ;fd~h:otf sfod x'g] u/L Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_
d'Vo tyf ;xfos sDkgLaLr x'g] sf/f]af/df kf/blz{tf sfod /fVg oL sDkgLx?aLr x'g]
sf/f]jf/df ljQLo :jfy{ /xg] x'Fbf To:tf] sf/f]af/ -Related Party Transactions_ nfO{ b'j}
sDkgLn] ;DalGwt kIfaLr x'g] sf/f]af/ -Related Party Transactions_ zLif{s cGt{ut v'nfpg'
-Disclose_ kg]{5 .
-^_
To:tf] sf/f]jf/ eP kl5 lgoldt?kdf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{ ljQLo ljj/0fdf ;f] sf/f]jf/af/] lj:t[t
hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 . k|lt:kwf{Tds ahf/ d"Nodf sf/f]af/ gu/]df /jf To:tf] sf/f]jf/ af/]
lj:t[t ljj/0f lgb]{zgfg';f/ k|sflzt gu/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] kl/R5]b !!
adf]lhd h'g;'s} hl/jfgf;hfo x'g ;Sg]5 .
-&_
;xfos sDkgLn] b]xfosf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ M
-s_
lwtf]kq bnfnL ;DaGwL Joj;fo ,
-v_
cfkm"n] hf/L u/]sf] lwtf]kqsf] Jofkf/ .
267
-*_
#=
;xfos sDkgLn] ljQLo ;|f]t ;+sng ug]{ k|of]hgn] bfloTj:j?k lgisfzg ug]{ s'g} klg
;'/If0fkqx?df d'Vo sDkgL -Parent Company_ n] nufgL ug{ gkfpg] / ;f] ;'/If0fkqsf]
lwtf]df shf{ k|jfx ;d]t ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_
o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf]] ;xfos sDkgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f= lgb]{zg g+= @))^* af6
hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf o;} ljifo;+u
;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
268
-_
-r_
269
-v_
@=
#=
270
$=
%=
-3_ u|fxssf] cfb]z cg';f/ cfkm\gf] u|fxssf] vftfdf /sd hDdf ug]{ jf 6fG;km/ ug{]{u/fpg] .
-_ u|fxs;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf jf cfb]z cg';f/ j:t' v/Lb jf ;]jf pkef]u u/] jfktsf] /sd
e'QmfgL ug]{u/fpg] .
-@_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] OG6/g]6 a}+ls ;]jf ;Grfng ug'{ k"j{ ;+rfns ;ldltaf6 o; ;DaGwL
gLltut Joj:yf kfl/t u/L k|s[ofut Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . o;sf] hfgsf/L o; a}+ssf]
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefunfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . of] lgb]{zg hf/L x'g' k"j{ o; lsl;dsf]
;]jf ;Grfng ul/;s]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] gLltut tyf k|s[ofut Joj:yf ;lxt b'O{
dlxgf leq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L o; a}+snfO u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-#_ OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf] a}+ls sf/]fj/ g]kfnL ?k}ofdf dfq ug{ kfOg] 5 . t/
ljb]zL d'b|fdf vftf ePsf u|fxsnfO{ hfgsf/Ld"ns ;]jf lbg / g]kfnL ?k}ofdf /sdfGt/ ug{ o;
Joj:yfn] jfwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
O{sf8{ sf/f]jf/ ;]jf ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v, / u ju{sf ;+:yfn] u|fxs;+u ;Demf}tf u/L u|fxssf] cfb]zfg';f/ /sd
e'QmfgL ug]{, hDdf ug]{ tyf /sdfGt/ ug]{, sf/f]jf/ ljj/0f k|fKt ug]{, cGo cfjZos ;"rgf tyf
hfgsf/Lx? k|fKt ug]{, a:t' v/Lb tyf ;]jf pkef]u u/] jfktsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu
b]xfosf zt{ tyf k|s[ofsf] clwgdf /xL cfkm\gf u|fxssf] gfddf 8]lj6 sf8{lk|k]8 sf8{qm]l86 sf8{
hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5g\M
-s_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf8{sf] dfWodaf6 sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ug]{ ePdf ;+rfns ;ldltaf6 ;f]
;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf kfl/t u/L k|s[ofut Joj:yf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 . ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu / ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefunfO{ u/fpg' kg]{
5.
-v_
of] lgb]{zg hf/L x'g'k"j{ o; lsl;dsf] ;]jf ;Grfng ul/;s]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n]
To:tf] gLltut tyf k|s[ofut Joj:yf ;lxt sf/f]jf/ ;+rfngsf] hfgsf/L b'O{ dlxgf leq o;
a}+snfO{ u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-u_
sf/f]jf/ ;Grfng ubf{ pTkGg x'g] hf]lvd / ;f]sf] Joj:yfkg, u|fxs;+usf] ;Demf}tf, ;DklQ
z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfo{df ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL hf/L lgb]{zgsf] kl/kfngf x'g]
Joj:yf ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ldnfpg' kg]{ 5 .
-3_
o:tf] sf8{ ;DaGwL ;]jf ;+rfng ubf{ nfUg] ;a} lsl;dsf ;]jf z'Ns, Jofh tyf xhf{gf
;DaGwL Joj:yfx? u|fxs;+usf] ;Demf}tfkqdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pQ/bfloTj / k|ltj4tf
o; lgb]{zgdf plNnlvt ;j} k|sf/sf On]S6f]lgs a}+ls sf/f]jf/ ;Grfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf gLltut tyf
k|lqmofut Joj:yf tof/ ubf{ sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL pTkGg ljjfb tyf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] clGtd pQ/bfloTj
;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] x'g]5 eGg] k|lta4tf ;lxt b]xfosf ljifo ;d]t :ki6 pNn]v ug'{' kg]{
5 M
-s_
On]S6f]lgs a}+ls sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL ;]jf tyf z'Nssf] ;DaGwdf k|bfg u/]sf] cjf:tljs Pjd
ck"0f{ hfgsf/Lsf sf/0f u|fxsn] a]xfg'{ kg{] gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ .
-v_
On]S6f]lgs a}+ls sf/f]jf/sf] nflu k|of]u x'g] k|ljlw, sDKo"6/ g]6js{, sf8{ lgdf{tf, df]jfOn
kmf]g ;+rfns, POS/POT d]lzg nufotaf6 pTkGg ;d:of / ;f]af6 u|fxsdf x'g hfg] Iflt .
-u_
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL s[ofsnfkdf nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL o; a}+saf6 hf/L
lgb]{zgsf] kl/kfngf .
-3_
On]S6f]lgs a}+ls ;]jf lng] u|fxsnfO{ cflwsfl/s ?kdf dfGotf lbgsf nflu laleGg r/0fdf
h:t}M l;:6ddf kx'Fr, sf/f]af/, cfb]z, nufotsf ;]jfdf kx'Frsf nflu k"/f ug'{ kg{] k|s[of .
-_
cgflws[t tyf u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] klxrfg k|of]u u/L x'g] lqmofsnfk
lj?4 ul/g] sf/afxL .
-r_
sf/f]af/sf] k|efjsfl/tf / cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf
laQLo ;+:yfsf] x'g] ;DaGwL s'/f .
271
-5_
^=
&=
On]S6f]lgs a}ls ;DaGwL sf/f]jf/df lgxLt /0fgLlts hf]lvd, ;~rfng tyf sf/f]af/ hf]lvd,
Aoj;flos hf]lvd, k|fljlws hf]lvd, sfg"gL hf]lvd nufot ;j} k|sf/sf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg .
a}+sljQLo ;+:yf / u|fxs aLrsf] ;Demf}tf
o; lgb]{zgdf plNnlvt On]S6f]lgs a}+ls sf/f]af/ ug{] a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfn] sDtLdf b]xfosf
laifox? :ki6 u/L u|fxs;+u lnlvt ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 . u|fxsn] k]z u/]sf] cfj]bg kmf/fddf pNn]v
ePsf] zt{ tyf jGb]hnfO{ ;d]t u|fxs;+u ;Demf}tf u/] ;/x dfGg ;lsg] 5 .
-s_
;Demf}tf ;lhn} a'lemg] u/L :ki6 / bf]xf]/f] cy{ gnfUg] u/L g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf] x'g' kg{]5 .
s'g} u|fxsn] o:tf] ;Demf}tf c+u|]hL efiffdf ug{ rfx]df ;f] ug{ o; Joj:yfn] jfwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-v_
On]S6f]lgs a}ls ;]jf k|bfos a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf / ;]jf k|bfg ug{] clVtof/ k|fKt clestf{
jLr tyf ;]jf k|bfos / u|fxs jLrsf] sf/f]jf/ jfkt nfUg] z"Ns ;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{
5.
-u_
u|fxsnfO{ s] slt ;do oL ;]jfx? pknJw x'g ;S5g\ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ;fy} s'g} kl/l:yltj;
;]jf k|bfg ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf ;f] sf] hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{ kg{]5 .
-3_
s'g} klg sf/0fn] a}+sn] k|bfg u/]sf] ;]jfdf ;]jf k|bfos jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sdL
sdhf]/L jf uNtLsf sf/0f u|fxsnfO{ x'g] gf]S;fgL / ;]jf pkof]ustf{af6 ePsf sdL
sdhf]/Laf6 ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ x'g hfg] gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf :ki6 pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-_
u|fxsn] ug{] sf/f]af/df lglxt hf]lvdnfO{ sd ug{ cfjZos pkfox? h:t}M j]j;fO{6sf] k|of]u,
POS/POT d]zLg, cfO{ l8, kf;j8{, kf;j8{ kl/jt{g nufotsf laz]iftf / ;'/Iffsf nflu
cjnDag ug'{ kg{] laz]if Aoj:yfx? pNn]v x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-r_
u|fxssf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL uf]klgotf / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfleq ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;lsg]
hfgsf/Lx? pNn]v x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-5_
u|fxs;Fu ul/Psf] sf/f]af/sf] hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s cGo t];|f]
kIfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs gul/g] k|lta4tf JoQm ePsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-h _ u|fxsaf6 ;]jf ;DaGwdf cfPsf u'gf;f tyf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{] k|s[of / ;DalGwt
clwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ 5 .
-em_ nfdf] ;do;Dd ;]jf glnPsf u|fxsx?sf] ;]jf lgis[o x'g] jf gx'g] ;DaGwdf pNn]v x'g' kg]{ 5
.
-`_
u|fxsn] ;fj{hlgs sDKo"6/ jf cGt/fli6o g]6js{ k|of]u u/L sf/f]af/ ubf{ pTkGg x'g] hf]lvd
;DaGwL s'/f :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 .
-6_
a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yf jf u|fxssf] tkm{af6 s'g} klg zt{ jf ;Demf}tfsf] pNn+3g x'g uPdf
axg ug'{ kg{] bfloTj jf sf/afxL ;DaGwL Aoj:yf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 .
-7_
cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
cflwsfl/s Joj;flos k|ltlglw;+usf] ;Demf}tf ;DaGwdf
o; lgb]{zgdf plNnlvt On]S6f]lgs a}ls ;]jf cfk"mf/f lgo'Qm cflwsfl/s Joj;flos k|ltlglwdfkm{t
;Grfng ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu ul/g] lkIfLo ;Demf}tfdf cGo ljifox?sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf ljifox?df
:ki6 pNn]v x'g' kg]{ 5M
-s_ ;]jf k|bfos a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, cflwsfl/s Joj;flos k|ltlglw / u|fxssf] If]qflwsf/, sfd,
st{Ao / pQ/bfloTj, cGo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw x'g kfpg]gkfpg] ljifo, u|fxsaf6
k|fKt z"Ns tyf cfosf] afF8kmfF8 .
-v_ a}s jf laQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm" / Ph]06 aLr s'g} klg cj/f]w ;[hgf eO{ clws hf]lvd pTkGg x'g]
cj:yfaf6 ;t{s /xg tof/ ul/Psf] cfsl:ds of]hgf .
-u_ u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{, ljjfb ;dfwfg / e'QmfgL ;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] clGtd lhDd]jf/L .
-3_ sf/f]jf/nfO{ ;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ agfpg] ljifo h:t} ;km\6j]o/, j]j;fO{6sf] ;'/Iff, u|fxssf] cfOl8
/ kf;j8{ tyf ;f]sf] kl/jt{g cflb .
-_ lgodgsf/L lgsfo jf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Laf6 ul/g] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f cGtu{t cfjZos
tYof+s laj/0f, ;"rgf tyf sfuhft pknAw u/fpg] ljifo .
272
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!@=
273
/fli6o:t/
?= @)) s/f]8
?= ^$ s/f]8
If]qLo:t/*
?= #) s/f]8 a/
3
*
a/
b/
c/
#
-@_
b/
?= @) s/f]8
?= !) s/f]8
?= ^ s/f]8
$!) lhNnf*
?= #) s/f]8 a/
?= @) s/f]8
?= @ s/f]8
c/
!# lhNnf*
?= #) s/f]8 a/
?= !) s/f]8
?= #) s/f]8 a/
?= !) s/f]8
?= ! s/f]8
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf afx]s . o:tf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] sfo{ If]qkl/of]hgf tf]lsPsf lhNnfx?df ;Lldt /xg] .
lnlh sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf dfq nfu" x'g] .
n3'ljQ sf/f]jf/ dfq ug]{ ljQLo ;+:yf .
kxf8L If]qsf yk % lhNnfdf ;d]t .
ljsf; If]qleq ;~rfng x'g] .
pko'{Qm ;dodf ;~rfngdf /lx/x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxn] @)&) cfiff9 d;fGtleq
gofF Joj:yf ul/P cg';f/sf] r'Qmf k'FhL ;dfg'kflts kdf afFsL jif{xdf k"/f ug{ @)^$
cfiff9 d;fGtnfO{ cfwf/ jif{sf] kdf lnO{ cf=j= @)^$.^% b]lv x/]s jif{ gk'u /sdsf]
;dfg'kflts b/n] a[l4 ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ / ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] Jofj;flos of]hgf k'FhL of]hgf
(Capital Plan) k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L k'FhL k'ofpFbf plNnlvt k'FhLdf sDtLdf *) k|ltzt r'Qmf
k'FhL / afFsL @) k|ltzt k|fylds k'FhLdf u0fgf x'g] cGo >f]taf6 ;d]t k"/f ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
274
$=
%=
^=
t/, a}+sljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL gofF gLltut Pj+ k|s[ofut Joj:yfsf] ljz]if Joj:yf
cGtu{t :yflkt Ps lhNn] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf !# lhNnfsf nflu tf]lsPsf] r'Qmf k'FhL
;dfg'kflts ?kdf afFsL jif{x?df k'/\ofpg clgjfo{ x'g] 5}g .
-#_
lj=;+=@)&) cfiff9 d;fGtleq dfly plNnlvt k|fjwfg jdf]lhd tf]lsPsf] jif{sf] r'Qmf k'FhL k"/f
gug]{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL x'g] 5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu
r'Qmf k'FhL k"/f gePsf] jif{nfO{ cfwf/ jif{sf] ?kdf lnOg] 5 .
-s_
cf=j= @)^$.^% df tf]lsPsf] r'Qmf k'FhL gk'ofpg]nfO{ nfefFz /f]Ssf /fVg] .
-v_
cf=j= @)^%.^^ df tf]lsPsf] r'Qmf k'FhL gk'ofpg]nfO{ lgIf]k ;+sng ug{ ;d]t
k|ltjGw nufO{g] .
-u_
cf=j= @)^^.^& df tf]lsPsf] r'Qmf k'FhL gk'ofpg]nfO{ shf{ nufgLdf ;d]t k|ltjGw
nufO{g] .
-3_
cf=j= @)^&.^* df tf]lsPsf] r'Qmf k'FhL gk'ofpg]nfO{ shf{ c;'nL tyf lgIf]k e'QmfgL
jfx]ssf ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]jf/df k|ltjGw nufO{g] . ;f] cjlwkl5 Ohfhtkq /2 ug]{tkm{
;d]t sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fOg] .
-_
dfly plNnlvt r'Qmf k'FhL gk'u ePsf b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffx?n]
plNnlvt cjlwleq cfk;df ufleg] u/L o; a}+s ;dIf k|:tfj k]z u/]df tL b'j}
;+:yfdf sfod /x]sf] k'FhLnfO{ hf]8L r'Qmf k'FhL k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g] .
-$_
s'g} JolQm kmd{, sDkgL, Psf3/ kl/jf/ jf ;+ul7t ;+:Yffjf6 ;+:Yffks z]o/df nufgL ubf{ o;
a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt s'g} Ps a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffdf a9Ldf !% k|ltzt / cGo a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?df r'Qmf k'FhLsf] a9Ldf Ps k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ ;lsg]5 . ljutdf Ps
eGbfa9L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;+:yfks jf ;+:yfks ;d"x eO{ nufgL u/]sf] /sd of] gLlt
nfu" ePsf] ldltn] % jif{leq cfjZos k|lqmof k'ofO{ a]rljvg u/Lx6fO{ plNnlvt ;Ldfleq
;Lldt x'g] Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_
ljutdf n3' ljQ ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/ k|lt JolQm Psf3/ kl/jf/, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf
jf Ps} ;d"xsf sDkgLn] @% k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] ePdf @)^* cfiff9 d;fGtleq @%
k|ltztsf] ;Ldfleq Nofpg' kg]{5 .
-^_
o; a}+saf6 ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf s'g} a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffdf Psf3/
kl/jf/, kmd{, sDkgL, ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf Pp6} ;d"xsf] sDkgLaf6 PseGbf a9L JolQm ;+rfns
kbdf dgf]goglgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] 5}g . t/ n3' ljQsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ 3 ju{sf] ljQLo
;+:yfsf] xsdf pk/f]Qm Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
Ps} kl/jf/kmd{sDkgL;d"xaf6 Ps eGbf a9L JolQm Pp6} ;+:yfdf ;~rfns /x]sf] eP cfufdL
;fwf/0f ;ef jf a9Ldf Psjif{leq h'g klxnf x'G5 ;f]xL adf]lhd Joj:yf u/L Pshgf dfq ;~rfns
/xg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf Pj+ ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL gLltut Pj+ k|s[ofut
Joj:yf, @)^# sf] a'Fbf !=# df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf gofF a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] tf]lsPsf] r'Qmf
k'FhL k'ofpg] k|lta4tfsf] Dofb @)^& r}q d;fGt;Dd sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
o;/L @)^& r}q d;fGt;Dddf tf]lsPsf] r'\Qmf k'FhL gk'/\ofpg] To:tf ;+:yfx?nfO{ r'\Qmf kF'hL gk'u'Gh]n
;Ddsf nflu b]xfosf sf/jfxL ul/g] 5 M
-s_ zfvf lj:tf/ ug{ /f]s nufpg]
-v_ gub nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ /f]s nufpg] .
Long Form Audit Report ;DaGwdf
Long Form Audit Report nfO{ ;do ;fk]If / k|efjsf/L agfpg o;};fy ;+nUg 9fFrf -cg';"rL @!=*_
cg';f/ nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . pQm Long Form Audit Report nfO{ o; a}+ssf] web-site: www.nrb.org.np
sf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefu cGt/ut /flvPsf] x'gfn] ;f]xL web-site af6 ;"rgf k|fKt u/L
cfgf] ;+:yfsf] afXo n]vfk/LIfsaf6 ;f] Long Form Audit Report s} 9fFrfdf tof/ ul/Psf] clGtd
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;f]em} o; a}+sdf cfOk'Ug] u/L k7fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
k'FhL of]hgf k]z ug]{ ;DaGwdf
a'Fbf g+= $ adf]lhd ;~rfngdf /lx/x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxn] @)&) cfiff9 d;fGtleq gofF
Joj:yf ul/P cg';f/sf] r'Qmf k'FhL a[l4 ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ ;Gbe{df x/]s jif{ gk'u /sdsf] ;dfg'kflts
275
&=
*=
(=
b/n] j[l4 ub}{ n}hfgsf] nflu k'FhL of]hgf (Capital Plan) agfO{ o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
lgodg ljefu / ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
o; k|of]hgsf nflu r'Qmf k'FhL eGg] zAbn] ;fwf/0f z]o/ jfktsf] r'Qmf k'FhL -af]g; z]o/ tyf xsk|b
z]o/_ nfO{ dfq a'emfpg] / ;f] r'Qmf k'FhLdf ;fwf/0f z]o/ afktsf] k|:tfljt af]g; z]o/nfO{ ;d]t
;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
shf{ ckn]vg ;DaGwL ljlgod agfpFbf cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ dfu{bz{g ;DaGwdf
-!_ Ohfhtkqk|+fKt ;+:yfn] s] s:tf shf{ c;'n x'g g;Sg] x'g\ lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ u/L To:tf] shf{
ckn]vg ug]{ af/] cfcfgf] ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 ljlgod th'{df u/L o; a}+saf6 :jLs[lt lnO{ nfu"
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?n] b]xfosf k|lqmofx? k"/f u/L shf{ ckn]vg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-s_
shf{ v/fa au{df k/L !)) k|ltzt shf{ gf]S;fgL Aoj:yf eO{ ;s]sf] x'g'kg]{ .
-v_
shf{ c;"nLsf] nflu k|rlnt P]g tyf gLlt adf]lhd lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] lnnfd laqmLsf]
k|lqmof ;DkGg u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ .
-u_
shf{sf] lwtf] ;'/If0f lnnfd laqmL x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf clgjfo{ ?kdf lwtf] ;sf/
u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ .
-#_ C0fL / C0f;Fu ;DjlGwt kIfx?nfO{ o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| ln= sf]
sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/;s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ ckn]vg ul/Psf] shf{sf] xsdf To:tf] shf{ :jLs[t x'Fbf s'g tx jf s;sf] lg0f{oaf6 :jLs[t ePsf]
xf] < / To:tf] shf{sf] ;'/If0f afkt /flvPsf] lwtf]sf] d"Nof+sg s;/L ul/Psf] xf] < ;fy}, To:tf] shf{
c;'nLsf] nflu s] s:tf] k|of;x? ul/of] < o;/L ckn]vgdf hfg'kgf{sf] cf}lrTotf cflb af/]
clen]vdf hgfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ Ohfhtkqk|+fKt ;+:yfn] ckn]vg ul/Psf shf{sf] c;'nLsf nflu Pp6f 5'} shf{ c;'nL OsfOsf]
:yfkgf u/L To:tf] shf{x?sf] c;'nLsf nflu ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] lg/Gt/ k|of; hf/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ Ohfhtkqk|+fKt ;+:yfn] ckn]vg u/]sf shf{x?sf] cBfjlws lja/0f 5'} /lhi6/ v8f u/L /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-&_ Ohfhtkqk|+fKt ;+:yfn] rfn' jif{df ckn]vg ul/Psf shf{x?sf] ljj/0f -dfly pka'Fbf g+= $ df
pNn]lvt a'Fbfx? ;dfj]z u/L_ jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf clgjfo{ ?kn] pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ Ohfhtkqk|+fKt ;+:yfn] shf{ ckn]vg ;DaGwdf sfg'gdf :ki6?kdf Joj:yf gu/L :ki6
dfu{lgb]{zg jf lgb]{lzsf ;d]tsf] cefjdf ldgfxf tyf ckn]vg sfo{ ubf{ lg0f{ostf{dfly
cToflws clwsf/ /xg hfg] ;DefJotfnfO{ x[bo+ud u/L ljj]sflwsf/ k|of]u x'g glbg C0f /sd
ldgfxf jf ckn]vgaf6 eljiodf kg{ ;Sg] k|efj ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL ;f] ;DaGwdf :ki6
tyf kf/bzL{ gLltut Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ Ohfhtkqk|+fKt ;+:yfn] ckn]vg ul/Psf shf{x?sf] ljj/0f cfly{s aif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] !%
lbgleq ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]If0f laefu / shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| ln= df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
:yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwf (SLF) ;DaGwdf
-s_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf cfcfgf
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] 6]h/L laN; / ljsf; C0fkqsf] lwtf]df To:tf C0fkqxsf]
c+lst d"Nosf] () k|ltzt;Ddn] x'g cfpg] /sd cNksfnLg :yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwf -shf{_
pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-v_
:yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwfsf] Aofhb/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ kl5Nnf] (!lbg] 6]h/L ljnsf] efl/t cf};t
Aofhb/ jf k|rlnt a}+sb/dWo] h'g a9L 5, To;df # k|ltzt ljGb'n] k]gfn b/ hf]8L pQm b/
sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
v, u / 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DjGwL sfo{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf
b]xfo adf]lhdsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ o; a}+ssf] ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:Yffkg ljefuaf6
:jLs[lt k|fKt u/L ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DjGwL b]xfo jdf]lhdsf yk sfo{ ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
-s_
v, u / 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] lgodfg';f/ OHffhtkq k|fKt u/L Ogjf8{ /]ld6\ofG;
-Inward Remittance_ sf] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] .
-v_
v / u ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ef/tLo d'b|fsf] vl/b tyf laqmL ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug{ ;Sg]
276
-u_
-3_
!)=
!!=
!@=
/fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ljb]zL d'b|fsf] lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] .
/fli6o:t/sf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ljb]zL d'b|fsf] vl/bljqmL ug{, kf;kf]6{ afkt
;6xL ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{, ljb]zL d'b|fdf vftf vf]Ng tyf Nostro Account vf]Ng ;Sg] .
-_
v / u ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] :jLs[t k|fKt a}+ssf] ;xfos Ph]06 eO{ g]kfnL / ef/tLo
d'b|fsf] Debit / Credit sf8{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg] .
-r_
/fli6o:t/ afx]ssf v ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;d]t ljb]zL d'b|f vl/b u/L g]kfn /fi6 a}+s
jf jfl0fHo a}+sx?nfO{ laqmL ug{ ;Sg] .
-5_
3 ju{sf ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;j{;fwf/0faf6 ef/tLo d'b|f vl/b ug{
;Sg] tyf ;f] d'b|f a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ dfq laqmL ug{ ;Sg] .
-h_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] pkl:ylt Go"g /x]sf tf]lsPsf #) lhNnfdf vf]lnPsf u ju{sf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf zfvf sfof{nox?n] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljb]zL ljlgdo ;6xL Ohfhtkq
lnO{ ljb]zL d'b|f vl/b u/L g]kfn /fi6 a}+s jf jfl0fHo a}+sx?nfO{ laqmL ug{ ;Sg] .
:jb]zL /sdfGt/sf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwdf
:jb]zL /sdfGt/sf] sf/f]af/ ug{ rfxg] Ohfhtkqk|fKt v / u ju{sf ljsf; a}+s tyf ljQ
sDkgLxn] cfkm"n] :jb]zL /sdfGt/sf] sf/f]af/ ug{ rfx]sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf] jfl0fHo a}+s;+u
;xdlt -Memorandum of Understanding_ u/L tyf Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\g} zfvf jf cGo Ph]G;Lx? dfkm{t :jb]zL /sdfGt/sf] sf/f]af/ ug{ rfx]df
/sdfGt/ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd s ju{sf] jfl0fHo a}+sn] axg ug]{ u/L o; a}+ssf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu
cg'/f]w u/]df :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
lnvt g]kfnL efiffdf tof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] shf{ k|jfx ubf{ C0fL tyf hdfgtstf{
-JolQmkmd{sDkgL ;+:yf_ tyf sf/0fL -C0fLhdfgt lbg] ;d]t_ af6 tof/ ug]{u/fpg] sfuhftx?
-h'g;'s} lnvt, hdfgLkq jf dGh'/Lgfdf_ k|rlnt P]g sfg'g adf]lhd b]jgfu/L lnkL g]kfnL efiffdf
tof/ ug{' kg]{5 . t/ ;DjlGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s k|of]hgsf] nflu To;/L g]kfnL
efiffdf tof/ ul/Psf lnvtx? c+u|]hL efiffdf cg'jfb u/L clen]vdf /fVg eg] kfOg] 5 .
ljb]zL gful/sx?;+u x'g] sf/f]jf/df / ljb]zL a}+ls+u sf/f]jf/df dfq k|of]u x'g] lnvtx?sf] xsdf eg]
-h:t}M k|lttkq_ g]kfnL efiffdf tof/ ug{ clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5}g .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{;+u ;DalGwt C0f k|:tfj kq -Offer Letter_, shf{ td;'s -Loan Deed_,
lwtf]aGws lnvt -Mortgage Deed_, Hypothecation Agreement / Trust Receipt Agreement clgjfo{?kdf
b]jgfu/L lnkL g]kfnL efiffdf tof/ ug'{kg]{ / Consortium Loan Agreement, Letter of Assignment, Letter
of Guarantee sf] xsdf xfnnfO{ c+u|]hL efiffdf ;d]t tof/ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;fy}, oL sfuhftx?nfO{ klg
qmlds ?kdf g]kfnL efiffdf tof/ ub}{ hfg] gLltut Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
lnvthdfgLkq tof/ ubf{ hdfgL /sd, C0fsf] cjlw, C0fsf] k|of]hg, k|d'v C0fL, ;fIfL,
hdfgtstf{sf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ;f] sf] ;gfvt nufotsf ljifox? tyf cGo k|sf/sf lnvtx?df ;d]t
b]xfo adf]lhdsf ljifox?nfO{ oyf]lrt :yfgdf clgjfo{ ?kn]] pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
lnvtdf :ki6;+u pNn]v x'g'kg]{ ljifox?
sf/0fLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ldlt, JolQmsf] xsdf gful/stfkf;kf]6{ gDa/ tyf ltg k':t],
/sd,
;fIfL -Witness_,
277
!#=
!$=
!%=
!^=
!&=
sf/f]jf/ ug{] Ohfhtkq ;DjGwL gLltut Pj+ k|s[ofut Aoj:yfM @)^# sf] ;+zf]lwt cg';"rL # sf] a'Fbf
g+= !^ sf] ljj/0f _ nufgL x'g] /sdsf] cfo;|f]t;DaGwL ljj/0f clgjfo{ kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] sf]
!*=
!(=
clen]v ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{ tyf ;f] ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ clen]vsf]
k|ltlnlk o; a}+ssf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefudf ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
ljb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] ;DaGwdf
g]kfnaf6 ljb]zdf k+"hLut nufgL ug]{ u/L k+"hL vftf v'Nnf gul/Ptf klg Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf
jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] cfkm\gf] k|aGwkqdf pNn]lvt ljifodf o; a}+ssf] k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{ ljb]zdf k+"hLut
nufgL gx'g] u/L ljb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ u}x sf]ifdf cfwfl/t laleGg k|fljlws ;]jf
-Technical Service_ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6, ns/ ;]jf ;+rfng ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt /fli6o:t/sf] u ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6, ns/ ;]jf - Safe Deposit Vault,
Locker Service_ pknAw u/fpFbf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
!=
;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhL o; a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
@=
;+:yfsf] ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6 ;Grfngsf] nflu 5'} lgb]{lzsfljlgod x'g' kg]]{ .
#=
;+:yfn] cfk"m;+u lgIf]k / shf{sf] sf/f]jf/ u/]sf cfkm\gf u|fxsx?nfO{ dfq ;]km l8kf]lh6
eN6sf] ;]jf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ .
$=
;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6 ;Grfng ug'{ cufj} ;'/Iffsf] nflu CCTV h8fg x'g'kg]{ ;fy} cnfd{ k4lt Alarm System) sf] Joj:yf u/L ;f] cnfd{ k4ltaf6 ;/sf/L ;'/Iff lgsfo;Dd ;"rgf k|jfx ug{
;lsg] lsl;dsf] Joj:yf clgjfo{ ?kdf x'g'kg]{ / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L o; a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{ .
278
@)=
@!=
@@=
@#=
@$=
%=
;fOhsf] cfwf/df ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] juL{s/0f u/L ;f]xL cg'?k clgjfo{ jLdf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{
;+rfng ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqkqk|fKt v / u ju{sf ;+:yfx?n] b]xfosf] zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL Automated Teller
Machine (ATM) /fVg ;Sg]] 5g\ .
!=
k"jf{wf/ tyf e'QmfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{ bfloTj ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] g} x'g]5 .
@=
;]jf z'Ns ;DaGwL Joj:yf :ki6?kdf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=
o;} lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf g+= ( sf] v08 -_ cg';f/ o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt afl0fHo a}+s;+u
;Dj4tf sfod u/L ;Demf}tf u/]/ ;xfos Ph]06sf] ?kdf o:tf] sfo{ ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
$=
/fli6o:t/sf v / u ju{sf ;+:yf afx]s cGo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] :jLs[t sfo{If]qdf ;Lldt
/xg] u/L cfkm\gf u|fxsx?nfO{ dfq ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cfkm\g} 5'} ATM /fVg ;Sg] 5g\ .
lnnfdL ubf{ :jfldTj tyf ef]uflwsf/ x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] af]nsjf]nsf] dfWodaf6 lwtf] lnnfdL -Auction_ ubf{ ;DalGwt af]nsjf]njfnf
-Bidder_ JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf g} pQm ;DklQsf] :jfldTj tyf ef]uflwsf/ -Ownership & Possession_
x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
;fwf/0f;+:yfks z]o/x? hkmt ug]{ ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx?sf] ;fwf/0f z]o/ tyf ;+:yfks z]o/df sf/jfxLdf k/]sf JolQm / lghsf]
Psf3/ kl/jf/n] nufgL u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf ;fwf/0f;+:yfks z]o/x? hkmt u/L lnnfd ug]{ /
To;/L k|fKt x'g cfpg] /sd shf{ r'Qmf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu pkof]u ug{' kg]{5 .
;fOgaf]8{ tyf n]6/Kof8 ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ s, v, u / 3 ju{sf ;+:yfx?sf] ;fOgaf]8{ tyf n]6/Kof8 x]bf{
:ki6?kdf s'g ju{ tyf slt lhNnfdf sfo{ If]q ePsf] ljQLo ;+:yf xf] egL 5'6\ofpg sl7g eO{
;j{;fwf/0f hgtfdf e|d kg{;Sg] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt s, v, u / 3 ju{sf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfgf] ;fOgaf]8{ tyf n]6/Kof8df ;+:yfsf] gfdsf] l7s tn clgjfo{?kdf
sf]i7df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] jfSof+z pNn]v ug'{u/fpg' kg]{5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ jfSof+z
Ohfhtk|fKt s ju{sf ;+:yfx?n]
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 s ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf
Ohfhtk|fKt v ju{sf ;+:yfx?n]
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 v ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf -===== lhNnf
sfo{ If]q ePsf]_
Ohfhtk|fKt u ju{sf ;+:yfx?n]
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 u ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf -===== lhNnf
sfo{ If]q ePsf]_
Ohfhtk|fKt 3 ju{sf ;+:yfx?n]
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 3 ju{sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf -===== lhNnf
sfo{ If]q ePsf]_
ATM
gf]6M /fli6:t/sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] sfo{If]q ;DaGwL ljj/0f pNn]v ug{ clgjfo{ x'g] 5}g .
279
@&=
@*=
@(=
#)=
#!=
#@=
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !( -v_ df ;+ul7t If]q;+u ;DalGwt lgsfosf]
JofVof gePsf] t/ pQm If]qdf sfo{/t JolQmsf] sfof{g'ejn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+rfngdf ;xof]u
k'uf]; eGg] x]t' o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ug]{ s ju{sf] jfl0fHo a}+s tyf v ju{sf] /fli6o
:t/sf] ljsf; a}+ssf] xsdf ;+ul7t If]q egL o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+sljQLo
;+:yf;xsf/LnfO{ dfq dfGotf lbg ;lsg] 5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf / /fli6o :t/sf v ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfcfgf] ;+rfns
;ldltn] tf]s]sf] dfkb08leq /xL Forward, Options, Swap , Futures h:tf ljleGg 8]l/e]l6E; -Derivatives_
pks/0f ;DaGwL sf/f]jf/x? ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
OhfhtkqkfKt 3 ju{sf n3' ljQ ;+:yfx?nfO{ $ b]lv !) lhNnf;Dd sfo{;+rfngsf] nflu Go"gtd
r'Qmf k'FhL ?= @ s/f]8 cfjZos kg]{ gLltut Joj:yf ePsf]df n3' ljQ ;DjGwL sf/f]jf/nfO{ kxf8L
If]qdf ;d]t lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] ?=@ s/f]8 r'Qmf k'FhLdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf n3' ljQ ;DjGwL sf/f]jf/
ug]{ 3 ju{sf ;+:yfn] lgoldt !) lhNnfsf cltl/Qm sfo{If]q :jLs[lt ;DjGwL ljBdfg k|s[ofut
Joj:yf ;d]tsf] clwgdf /xL yk % j6f kxf8L lhNnf ;d]t u/L hDdf !% lhNnfdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
n3' shf{ 8]:s :yfkgf ug{] ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] n3', ;fgf / demf}nf pBf]udf shf{ k|jfx tyf kx'Fr j[l4sf
nflu shf{ ljefu cGtu{t Pp6f 5'} 8]:s :yfkgf ug{' kg]{5 .
;fd'lxs nufgL sf]if ;+rfng ug{] ;DaGwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $& sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -;_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu
b]xfosf zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf a+}sx?n] ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if
;+rfng ug{ ;Sg]] 5g\ .
zt{x?M
-!_ of]hgf Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{sf nflu ;xfos sDkgL v8f ug'{kg]{ / To:tf] sDkgL v8f ubf{
x'g uPsf] nufgLnfO{ o; a}+sn] tf]s] cg';f/sf] hf]lvd ef/ k|bfg ug]{ .
-@_ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ePsf] kfFr jif{ k"/f ePsf] x'g' kg]{ .
-#_ kl5Nnf] tLg jif{b]lv nuftf/ d'gfkmf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
-$_ g]6jy{ wgfTds x'g' kg]{ .
-%_ ;~rfns jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v o; a}+ssf] sf/afxLdf gk/]sf] / To:tf] sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] eP ;f]
km's'jf ePsf] # jif{ k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pknJw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s v / u ju{sf a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:Yffx?nfO{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf]
bkmf $( / %) adf]lhd b]xfosf] zt{ tyf dfkb08sf] clwgdf /xL k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf (Refinancing
Facilities) pknJw u/fOg]] 5 . - ;DjlGwt cg';"rLx? @!=!,@!=@, @!=# _ .
zt{ tyf dfkb08x? M
-!_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|fylds k'FhLsf] a9Ldf $) k|ltzt;Dd dfq k|bfg
ul/g] 5 .
-@_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{sf nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] ljQLo l:ylt v'nfO{ o;
a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] c;n shf{sf] ;'/If0fdf k'g/shf{ lng]
ePdf ljut Ps jif{b]lv nuftf/ ?kdf c;n ju{df juL{s[t ePsf] shf{sf] e'QmfgL cjlw eGbf
sd cjlwsf] nflu cg';"rL @!=! adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f e/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf c;n shf{sf] lwtf]df a9Ldf *) k|ltzt;Dd k|bfg ul/g] 5 . ;'/If0f:j?k
lbOPsf] lwtf] ;'/If0fdf o; a}+ssf] klxnf] bfjL (First Charge) /xg]5 .
-%_
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf a9Ldf ^
dlxgfsf] nflu aflif{s &=) k|ltzt Aofhb/df pknAw x'g] / k'g/shf{ afktsf] Aofhb/ shf{sf]
;fFjf e'QmfgL ubf{sf] avt Psd'i6 ?kdf ;fFjf Aofh e'Qmfg ug'{ kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq
k'g/shf{sf] ;fjfFAofh e'StfgL gu/]df ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f] cjlwdf k|sflzt
u/]sf] shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] clwstd Aofhb/ g} k]gfn Aofhb/ sfod ul/g]5 . g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn]
C0fL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg vftf vr{ -Debit_ u/L /sd c;'npk/ ug]{5 .
280
-^_
k'g/shf{ dfu ubf{ ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] shf{df lnPsf] Aofhb/ o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] Aofhb/df
clwstd # k|ltzt;Dd dfq yk Aofh sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug{ o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k'FhL kof{Kttf cg'kft -Capital Adequacy Ratio_ sf]
cltl/Qm yk )=% k|ltzt cltl/Qm k'FhL kof{Kttf cg'kft sfod u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
:jb]zL lgIf]k tyf k|fylds k'FhLdf s"n shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] c+z *) k|ltzteGbf a9L ePsf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k'g/shf{ pkof]u ubf{sf] ;dodf sfod /x]sf] shf{ lgIf]k cg'kft a9\g
glbO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] shf{ lgIf]k cg'kft sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_
-*_
s| ;+
!=
@=
#=
gf]6M
-(_
-!)_
-!@_
-!#_
-!$_
slDtdf @
slDtdf #
slDtdf %
ug'{ kg]{5 .
:jb]zL lgIf]k tyf k|fylds k'FhLdf s"n shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] cg'kft g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] kl/kqn] u/]sf]
Joj:yf adf]lhd sfod u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug{ cfj]bg ug]{ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf] shf{ ;fk6LdWo] l/on :6]6
If]qdf k|jflxt shf{ o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /x]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
o; a}+saf6 k|bfg x'g] k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf lgDg lnlvt k|of]hgsf nflu ;f]xL If]q jf k|of]hgsf]
c;n shf{ lwtf] /fv]/ dfq k|jfx ug'{' kg]{5 .
-s_
-u_
-_
-5_
-!!_
lgof{t If]q
cf}iflw pTkfbg pBf]u
ko{6g pBf]u
cGo pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u
-v_
-3_
-r_
-h_
o:tf] k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf lgDg lnlvt k|of]hgdf pkof]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-s_
k|of]hg gv'Ng] JolQmut shf{
-v_
3/hUuf vl/bl/on :6]6Jofkfl/s dxn lgdf{0f (Commercial Complex) shf{
-u_
;jf/L ;fwg shf{ (Hire purchase financing/Auto Loan)
-3_
z]o/ lwtf] shf{ (Margin type Lending)
-_
r'/f]6, lj+8L, l;uf/, ;'lt{, v}gL nufot ;'lt{hGo pBf]u / dlb/f tyf dlb/fhGo
pBf]unfO{ shf{ .
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltn]
u/]sf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnkL lgj]bg;fy ;+nUg u/L o; a}+snfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s / k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf
;DaGwdf td;'s (Promissory Notes) df x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwfdf tf]lsPsf] e'QmfgL cjlw cl3 g} k"j{e'QmfgL -Prepayment_ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxn] lgIf]kdf lbg] / shf{df lng] Aofhb/sf aLrsf] km/s (spread) o;
a}+saf6 lgoldt cg'udg ul/g] 5 . ;fy}, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxnfO{ k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf k|bfg
ubf{ lgIf]k tyf shf{sf] Aofh b/ aLrsf] cGt/ (Effective Interest Spread) nfO{ klg cfwf/sf]
?kdf lnOg]5 .
-!%_ ljkGg ju{ shf{df u0fgf x'g] u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 dlxnfxf/f ;+rflnt n3'
pBdnfO{ k|jfx ePsf] # nfv;Ddsf] shf{nfO{ ;f] shf{sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fdf o; a}+saf6
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
-gf]6M k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf cGtu{t k|afx ePsf] shf{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL @!=$ sf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt
;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf dfl;s ?kdf dlxgf ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] !% lblgleqdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . _
281
##=
#$=
282
-@_
#%=
a}+sn] k'g/shf{sf] nflu cfj]bg ubf{ ;DalGwt kl/of]hgf ;~rfngsf] jt{dfg cj:yf, ljQLo
ljj/0f / kl/of]hgf ;Da4 kmd{sDkgL / ;+rfnssf] sfnf];"rL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lnO{
l;kmfl/z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
cfj]bg ;fy k'g/shf{ dfu ug]{ a}+sn] cfgf] ljQLo cj:yf emNsg] kl/;"rsx? v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
tf]lsPsf] k"FhLsf]if k"/f ePsf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ dfq k'g/shf{ pknJw u/fOg] 5 .
-$_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf c;n ju{df /x]sf] ;DalGwt kl/of]hgfdf k|jfx ePsf] shf{sf] ;'/If0fdf dfq
pknJw u/fOg] 5 . o:tf] shf{ ljut 5 dlxgfb]lv c;n ju{df juL{s[t eO{ Go"gtd csf]{ 5
dlxgf shf{sf] e'QmfgL cjlw afFsL /x]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf ;DalGwt kl/of]hgfsf] c;n shf{sf] lwtf]sf] a9Ldf *) k|ltzt jf a}+ssf]
k|fylds k"FhLsf] a9Ldf ^) k|ltzt;Dd dfq k|bfg ul/g] 5 . ;'/If0f:j?k lbOPsf] lwtf]
;'/If0fdf o; a}+ssf] klxnf] bfjL (First Charge) /xg]5 .
-^_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf a9Ldf ^ dlxgfsf] nflu dfq pknJw u/fOg] 5 .
-&_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf aflif{s ^=%) k|ltzt Aofhb/df pknAw u/fOg] 5 . ;DalGwt a}+sn] o:tf]
k'g/shf{ k|of]u ug]{ kl/of]hgfaf6 k'g/shf{ pkof]u u/]sf] /sddf ;f]xL ldltb]lv clwstd
!)=)) k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L Jofhb/ sfod ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-*_
k'g/shf{sf] ;fFjf / Jofh Ps d'i6 ?kdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ 5 . tf]lsPsf]
cjlwleq k'g/shf{sf] ;fjfFAofh e'StfgL gu/]df ;DalGwt a}+sn] ;f] cjlwdf k|sflzt u/]sf]
shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] clwstd Aofhb/ g} k]gfn Aofhb/ sfod u/L c;"npk/ ul/g] 5 . o; a}+sn]
C0fL a}+ssf] s'g} klg vftf vr{ -Debit_ u/L To:tf] k'g/shf{ c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-(_
tf]lsPsf] e'QmfgL cjlw cufj} cf+lzs jf ;Dk"0f{ k'g/shf{ r'Qmf ug{ ;lsg] 5 . k'g/shf{
jfktsf] ;fFjf cf+lzs ?kdf e'QmfgL ug]{ ePdf ;f] ldlt;Ddsf] ;Dk"0f{ k'g/shf{sf] Jofh /sd
;d]t e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-!)_ k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ a}+sn] k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ o; a}+ssf gfpFdf td;'s ul/lbg'
kg]{ 5 .
-!!_ k'g/shf{ pkof]u ul//x]sf] kl/of]hgf lwtf] /fvL k'gM k'g/shf{ lng rfx]df xfn pkof]u u/]sf]
k'g/shf{ r'Qmf u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ 5 . o;/L cl3Nnf] k'g/shf{ r'Qmf e};s]kl5 cfufdL cjlwsf]
nlfu k'g/shf{ pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pknJw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s, v / u ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ o; a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf]
b/df lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .
Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] lgof{t k|lttkq -Export L/C Pre-shipment and Postshipment) sf cfwf/df lgof{td"ns Joj;fonfO{ g]kfnL d'b|fdf k|jfx u/]sf] shf{sf] nflu b]xfosf] zt{
tyf dfkb08sf] cwLgdf /x]/ lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf -Export Refinancing Facilities_ pknAw u/fpg
;lsg] 5 . -;DjlGwt cg';"rLx? @!=%, @!=^ / @!=&_ .
zt{ tyf dfkb08x? M
-!_
ef/tLo / kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fdf k|lttkq sf/f]af/df ;+nUg /x]sf Ohfhtkqk|fKt s ju{sf
jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] ut qodf;sf] cfgf] ljQLo l:ylt v'nfO{ o; a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrfdf
lgj]bg lbO{ lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwfsf] nflu cfj]bg ug{ kfpg] 5g\ .
-@_
ut qodf;df o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd k'FhL kof{Kttf cg'kft -CAR_ tyf k'FhL of]hgf
cg';f/sf] r'Qmf k'FhL k"/f gu/]sf a}+sx?nfO{ o; a}+sn] lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf lbg OGsf/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_
shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|af6 ;fv ;"rgf lnPsf]] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfosf] :jLs[lt k|fKt tyf k|fyldstfdf k/]sf b]xfosf
j:t'x?sf] lgof{tsf] nflu lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug{ lgDg adf]lhd k|fyldstfqmd
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
-s_
cn}+rL, cb'jf, lrof, skmL, Xof08Lqmf6, h8La'6L, dx, h';, k'ik tyf k'ikhGo pTkfbg
283
-!$_
284
aLr ePsf] lkIfLo ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf lbg ;lsg] 5 .
of] Joj:yf cGtu{t Deemed Exporter eO{ pTkfbg sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf JolQmkmd{
sDkgL;+:yfnfO{ k|jfx ePsf] shf{sf] cfwf/df lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf dfu ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL
lgof{tsf] nflu Exporter sf] ?kdf ;+nUg kmd{sDkgL;+:yfnfO{ k|jfx u/]sf] shf{sf] cfwf/df
lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .
-!%_ lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf k|fKt ul//x]sf a}+sx?n] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lgof{t shf{sf] dfl;s ljj/0f
d;fGt ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq o; a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy} o; a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
dfu u/]sf] cGo ljj/0f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!^_ Cash Against Documents (CAD) sf] cfwf/df lgsf;L ug]{sf] xsdf o; a}+ssf] ljb]zL ljlgdo
ljefusf] O=k|f= kl/kq ;+Vof $)# ldlt @)^#.!@.!! tyf ;f] ljifo;+u ;DalGwt ;do ;dodf
hf/L cGo lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] lgof{t sf/f]jf/ ug{ o; lgb]{zgn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-!&_ Ps k6s lnPsf] lgof{t k'g/shf{ dfly plNnlvt Joj:yf adf]lhd r'Qmf ul/;s]kl5 k'gM
lgof{t ug{sf] nflu lgof{t k'g/shf{ dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 .
Electronic Cheque Clearing ;DaGwdf
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] nflu g]kfn lSnol/ xfp;n] k]z u/]sf] Nepal
Exporter_
#^=
Electronic Cheque Clearing (ECC) Rule Book, Nepal Electronic Cheque Clearing (ECC)
Operating Rule / Cheque Standard & Specification nfu" ug]{ / g]kfn lSnol/ xfp; lnld6]8sf]
lSnol/ ;q
lgoldt lSnol/ ;q
-@_
-#_
-$_
-%_
ECC sf/f]af/sf] vr{ jf hDdf /sdsf] clGtd ;f/f+z (Net Clearing Position) o; a}+sdf
cfPkl5 ;DalGwt ;b:oxsf] vftfdf vr{ jf hDdf (Debit or Credit) ug]{ l;nl;nfdf
sy+sbflrt vftfdf /sd ck'u ePdf ;f]sf] Joj:yf ug{ o; a}+sf/f a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfxsf nflu lx;fa ldnfg lbg (Business Settlement Day) sf nflu k|rlnt a}+sb/
cg'?k Aofh lnO{ /sd k"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf sfod ug]{ / ;f] sf] ef]lnkN6 clgjfo{ ?kdf lx;fa
ldnfg ug'{kg]{ . sy+sbflrt lx;fa ldnfg x'g g;s]sf] v08df bf];|f] lbg a}+sb/sf] bf]Aa/, t];|f]
lbgb]lv t]Aa/ a}+s b/sf b/n] xhf{gf nufpg] .
ECC k"0f{ ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 o; a}+ssf] a}+ls sfof{nodf e'QmfgL tyf lx;fa ldnfg s]Gb|
(Payment & Settlement Centre) v8f u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ;f] sfof{non] Payment &
Settlement ;DaGwL sfo{sf] ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ .
g]kfn lSnol/ xfp;df cfa4 eO{ ECC sfo{ ug{ rfxg] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] g]kfn
lSnol/ xfp;af6 ECC ;+rfngdf cfPsf] Ps jif{ leq lgwf{l/t Standard sf r]sx 5kfO{
u/L ;f] k|0ffnL dfkm{t sf/f]af/ ug]{ .
plNnlvt Nepal ECC Rule Book, Nepal ECC Operating Manual, and Cheque
Standard & Specification df o; a}+saf6 cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] .
285
plNnlvt Nepal ECC Rule Book, Nepal ECC Operating Manual / Cheque Standard &
Specification o;};fy ;+nUg 5 .
ljb]zL d'b|fsf] r]s lSnol/ ;DaGwdf
g]kfn lSnol/ xfp;af6 ldlt @)^*.(.!$ b]lv On]S6f]lgs r]s lSnol/ cGtu{t ljb]zL d'b|fsf] r]s
lSnol/ x'g] ePsf] x'Fbf pQm ldltb]lv ljb]zL d'b|fsf] r]s lSnol/sf] sf/f]jf/ ;f]xL lSnol/ xfp;
dfkm{t ug{'u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . g]kfn lSnol/ xfp;sf] ;b:otf lnO{ g;s]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
xsdf xfnnfO{ k"j{jt Joj:yf cg'?k r]s lSnol/ ul/g] 5 .
g]kfnL d'b|fsf] r]s lSnol/ ;DaGwdf
-!_
g]kfn lSnol/ xfp; ln= af6 ldlt @)^*.!@.@& ut] b]lv On]S6f]lgs dfWodaf6 g]kfnL
d'b|fsf] r]s lSnol/ x'g] ePsf] x'Fbf pQm ldltb]lv g]kfnL d'b|fsf] r]s lSnol/sf] sf/f]jf/ ;f]xL
lSnol/ xfp; dfkm{t ug{'u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-@_
On]S6f]lgs dfWodaf6 x'g] r]s lSnol/sf] sf/f]jf/df ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfkm\gf u|fxsx?;+u s'g} lsl;dsf] z'Ns lng kfOg] 5}g .
-#_
g]kfn lSnol/ xfp; ln= sf] ;b:otf lnO{ g;s]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] xsdf csf]{
Joj:yf geP;Dd k"j{jt Joj:yf cg'?k r]s lSnol/ ul/g] 5 .
ljleGg kqklqsfx?df sd z'Nsdf a}+s Jofn]G; ;l6{lkms]6 pknJw u/fOg] 5 egL lj1fkg k|sflzt x'g]
u/]sf] / o:tf] sfo{ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? afx]s
cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfn] ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] x'Fbf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf u|fxsx?nfO{
o; lsl;dsf] lj1fkg k|sflzt u/L a}+s a}n]G; ;l6{lkms]6 pknJw u/fpg] sfo{ gug]{gu/fpg] Joj:yf
ug{ of] lgb]{zg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . olb o;/L lj1fkg k|sfzg u/fO{ a}n]G; ;l6{lkms]6 hf/L ug]{ u/fpg]
sfo{df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOPdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g,
@)%* adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt 3 ju{sf n3' ljQ ljsf; a}+s, cg'dltkqk|fKt ;Lldt a}+ls sf/f]jf/ ug]{
;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfo{ ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] s'g} JolQm;d"x
;b:o;d'xnfO{ ?=#) xhf/ eGbf a9L shf{ k|bfg ubf{ ;DalGwt zfvf sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{
o; a}+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt 3 ju{sf n3' ljQ ljsf; a}+s, ;Lldt a}+ls sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf
tyf ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfo{ ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?af6 u|fxssf] shf{ ;DaGwL ;"rgf lng'lbg' kg]{
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o;/L shf{ ;"rgf lnFbflbFbf u|fxs;Fu ;f] jfkt s'g} lsl;dsf] z'Ns lng kfOg]
5}g .
vf/]hL / arfp
-!_ o; a}+saf6 o;cl3 hf/L ul/Psf b]xfosf lgb]{zgx? vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 M
PsLs[t lgb]{zg, @)^* sf] ljljw ;DaGwL Joj:yf O=k|f=lgb]{zg g+= @!)^* af6 hf/L ul/Psf]
lgb]{zg tyf ;f] kZrft ldlt @)^( c;f/ d;fGt;Dd hf/L ePsf pko{'Qm ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt
;Dk"0f{ kl/kqx? .
-@_
pka'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kq adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL o;}
lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-^_
#&=
#*=
#(=
$)=
$!=
b|i6JoM PsLs[t lgb]{zgsf] ljljw Joj:yf ;DaGwL lgb]{zgdf o; cl3 ;dfj]z ePsf sfnf];"rL ;DaGwL
sf/jfxL / km's'jf ;DaGwL lgb]{zgkl/kq tyf cg';"rLx?, Tamil Rehabilitation Organization (TRO)
;DaGwL kl/kq tyf ;f] ;DaGwL cg';"rLx?, ;xsf/L / ljQLo dWo:ytf ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{
hf/L lgb]{zg Pj+ Psk6s dfq k|of]udf cfO{ k|efj ;dfKt x'g] vfnsf kl/kqx? o; lgb]{zgaf6 x6fO{
;DalGwt k"j{ kl/kqlgb]{zgx? -o; a}+ssf] Website: www.nrb.org.np sf] Archive df ;d]t pknAw
ePsf]_ af6} nfu" x'g] Joj:yf sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
286
cg';"rL @!=!
C0fLsf] gfd
shf{
zLif{s
e'QmfgL
ldlt
shf{ /sd
;'/If0fsf]
ljj/0f
dfly plNnlvt ljj/0fx? l7s ;fFrf] xf], ;j} shf{x? c;n shf{df juL{s[t 5g\, em'7f 7x/] sfg'g
adf]lhd ;xF'nf a'emfpFnf . sy+sbflrt oL shf{x? lgis[o shf{df kl/0ft eP ;f] sf] hfgsf/L g]kfn
/fi6 a}+snfO{ pknAw u/fO{ ;f] sf] ;fdf csf]{ c;n shf{ ;'/If0fsf ?kdf pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf
JoSt ub{5f}+ .
287
cg';"rL @!=@
v=
zt{x?M
1. a9Ldf ^ dlxgf cjlwsf nflu dfq of] k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
2. k'g/shf{ afkt wgL a}+snfO{ jflif{s ;os8f == k|ltztsf b/n] Aofh;lxt Psd'i6 ?kdf ;fFjf Aofh a'emfpg'
kg]{5 .
3. k'g/shf{ dfu ubf{ ;DalGwt a}+sn] shf{df lnPsf] Aofhb/ o; a}+sn] tf]s]sf] Aofhb/df a9Ldf === k|ltzt;Dd
yk Aofh sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 .
4. lgwf{l/t ;doleq k'g/shf{ e'Stfg gu/]df e'Qmfg x'g afFsL /sddf ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f]
cjlwdf k|sflzt u/]sf] shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] clwstd Aofhb/ g} k]gfn Aofhb/ x'g]5 . g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] C0fL
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg vftf vr{ -Debit_ u/L /sd c;'n pk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
5. k'g/shf{ pkef]u u/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;fFjfAofh e'StfgL Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] lbg
;f] /sd e'StfgL gu/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+sl:yt ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] h'g;'s} vftf vr{ n]vL shf{ c;"npk/ ul/
lng / ;f] sf] vr{ ug]{ clVtof/L g]kfn /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . o;df kl5 s'g} ph'/L jf bflj ul/g] 5}g .
6. lwtf]sf] ?kdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbO{Psf] td;'sdf pNn]lvt shf{sf] hf]lvdtf nufot ;a} lhDd]jf/L
;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfs} x'g]5 .
7. C0fL a}+sn] lwtf] :j?k /fv]sf] td;'sdf pNn]v ePsf] u|fxssf] rncrn dfn a:t' / g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6
shf{ lnO{ nufgL u/]sf] pBf]u tyf Joj;fo ;d]tsf] g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] h'g;'s} avt lg/LIf0f ubf{ pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
8. g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] k|bfg u/]sf] k'g/shf{ ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf ;do ;dodf ljj/0f dfu]sf] avt tf]lsPsf]
Dofbleq C0fL a}+sn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
9. lwtf] ;'/If0fdf lnOPsf] ;'/If0fdf klxnf] bfjL (First Charge) g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] x'g]5 .
10. C0f k|of]u ;DaGwdf o;};fy ;+nUg gLltut zt{ tyf dfkb08x? kfngf ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]
adf]lhd gu/]df k|rlnt g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* tyf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# cg';f/
;hfo ePdf d~h'/L 5 .
11. zt{ / dfkb08df cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] kl/dfh{g jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] tk{maf6
=========a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 clVtof/k|fKt JolQm
b:tvt M
b:tvt M
gfd
M
gfd M
kb
M
5fkM
kb M
5fk M
ljefusfof{no M
ljefusfof{no M
Olt ;Dat\ @) == ;fn ============ dlxgf =======ut] /f]h ======= z'ed\
288
cg';"rL @!=#
-k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ ;DalGwt a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]6/Kof8df_
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwfsf] nflu k|lt1fkq -Promissory Note_ sf] gd"gf
======================, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /x]sf] ======================= a}+sljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8n] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g,
@)%* sf] bkmf $(= n] u/]sf] Joj:yf cGtu{t g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 cfhsf ldltdf ?= ============ ==========
cIf/]lk ================================================ ============== dfq_ k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf] l7s ;fFrf] xf] . g]kfn
/fi6 a}+s jf ;f] a}+sn] cfb]z u/]sf] kIfnfO{ dfu]sf] ;dodf =========== k|ltzt jf g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
Aofhb/n] x'g cfpg] Aofh /sd / ;fjfF /sd ?= ============ ==========
-cIf/]kL
================================================ ============== dfq_ ltg{ a'emfpg ======================= a}+sljQLo ;+:yf
lnld6]8 sj'n ub{5 / dfu u/]sf] avt glt/]df jf ga'emfPdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] h'g;'s} tl/sfn] c;'npk/ u/L
lnPdf o; a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] dGh'/L 5 egL ;f] ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 clVtof/k|fKt dxfdL of] k|lt1fkqsf]
lnvtdf b:tvt ub{5'5f}+ .
JolQm
289
M
M
M
M
M
cg';"rL @!=$
ldltM @)^== . == . ==
>Ldfg\ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsHo",
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s,
=====================;'kl/j]If0f ljefu,
sf7df08f}+ .
290
cg';"rL @!=%
ldltM @)^== . == . ==
dxf]bo,
To; ljefusf] k=;+=
ldlt
df hf/L kl/kqn] u/]sf] Joj:yf cg';f/sf] lgof{t
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf o; a}+snfO{ cfjZos k/]sf] x'Fbf tkl;ndf pNn]v ul/P cg';f/sf] ljj/0f ;lxt k'g/sh{f
kfpg of] lgj]bg lbPsf] 5'5f}+ .
!=
k'g/shf{ dfu ePsf] /sd M
@=
;'/If0f jfkt /flvg] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] ljj/0f M
lgof{t shf{sf] ljj/0f
s}lkmot
Cl0fsf] gfd
lgof{t shf{
shf{sf] :jLs[t shf{sf] aSof}tf
shf{ jfkt
zLif{s
;Ldf
/flvPsf]
;'/If0fsf] ljj/0f
-#_
kb
5fk
ljefusfof{no M
291
cg';"rL @!=^
ldltM @)^== . == . ==
To; ljefusf] k=;+= =============== ================== ldlt =============== =================df hf/L kl/kqn] u/]sf]
Joj:yf cg';f/sf] lgof{t shf{sf] dfl;s ljj/0f b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
qm=;+=
C0fLsf]
gfd
lgof{t
shf{
zLif{s
shf{sf]
:jLs[t
;Ldf
shf{sf]
aSof}tf
shf{ jfkt
/flvPsf]
;'/If0fsf]
ljj/0f
gfd
kb
5fk
ljefusfof{no M
292
s}lkmot
cg';"rL @!=&
-lgof{t k'g/shf{ td;'ssf] gd"gf_
lnlvtd wgLsf gfd sf=lh= sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !! yfkfynLl:yt g]kfn /fi6 a}+s, a}ls sfof{no cfu] ;f] /sd C0f
lng] C0fLsf] gfd ========, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /x]sf]================ a}+s lnld6]8n] g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 lgof{t k'g/shf{ k|bfg ug{]
;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf $( n] u/]sf] Joj:yf cGtu{t g]kfn /fi6 a}+s;Fu cfhsf ldltdf ?=
============ ==========-cIf/]kL ================================================ ============== dfq_ shf{ lnPsf] l7s ;fFrf] xf] . pQm shf{
lnPsf] /sd afkt C0fLn] cfgf] lgDg adf]lhdsf] lgof{tstf{ u|fxs C0fLnfO{ k|jfx u/]sf] shf{dWo] p7fpg afFsL ePsf],
efsf ggf3]sf], c;n ju{df juL{s[t k"0f{ ;'/lIft shf{x?sf] Export Letter of Credit/Export Documentary Bill sf] o;
a}+saf6 k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk / a}+sn] k'g/shf{sf] nflu o; a}+snfO{ n]lvlbPsf] td;'snfO{ lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwfsf] nflu
lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] ?kdf /flvlbPsf 5f}+ . tkl;n adf]lhdsf] lwtf] ljj/0f tyf zt{x? / o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6
hf/L ljBdfg gLltut Joj:yf tyf g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] zt{dfkb08 kfngf ug]{5f}+ . zt{x? kfngf
gu/]df pQm lwtf] tyf C0fL a}+ssf] cGo rncrn ;DklQ ;d]taf6 pQm /sd c;'n u/L lng' egL a}+ssf] ;~rfns
;ldltsf] lg0f{o;xdlt ;d]t /x]sf]n] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s, a}+ls sfof{no, yfkfynL, sf7df8f}+df a;L of] td;'s n]vL wgL
g]kfn /fi6 a}+sdf r9fof}+ .
tkl;n
s=
lwtf]sf] ljj/0f
lgof{t shf{sf] ljj/0f
lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] ljj/0f
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 k|fKt lgof{t k'g/shf{
=
v=
zt{x?M
!=
lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf cGtu{tsf] shf{sf] ;fFjf Aofh e'QmfgL ug]{ Dofb Export Letter of Credit jfkt
ljb]zaf6 e'QmfgL k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] rf/ sfo{lbgleqdf clgjfo{?kdf ug'{kg]{5 . k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf e'QmfgL cjlw
cl3 g} k"j{e'QmfgL -Pre-payment_ ;d]t ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
@=
lgof{t k'g/shf{ afkt wgL a}+snfO{ jflif{s ;os8f === k|ltztsf b/n] Aofh;lxt Psd'i6 ?kdf ;fFjf Aofh
a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
#=
a}+sx?n] of] ;'ljwf pkof]u u/L shf{ k|jfx ubf{ ;DalGwt lgof{tstf{ C0fLaf6 a9Ldf ==== k|ltzt;Dd dfq Aofh lng'
kg]{5 .
$=
lgwf{l/t ;doleq lgof{t k'g/shf{ e'Stfg gu/]df e'Qmfg x'g afFsL /sddf ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
;f] cjlwdf k|sfl;t u/]sf] shf{ tyf ;fk6sf] clwstd Aofhb/ g} k]gfn Aofhb/ x'g]5 . g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn]
C0fL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg vftf vr{ -Debit_ u/L /sd c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%=
lwtf]sf] ?kdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbO{Psf] td;'sdf pNn]lvt shf{sf] hf]lvd nufot ;a} lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt
a}+ssf] g} x'g]5 .
^=
C0fL a}+sn] lwtf] :j?k /fv]sf] td;'sdf pNn]v ePsf] u|fxssf] rncrn dfn a:t' / g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 shf{
lnO{ nufgL u/]sf] pBf]u tyf Joj;fo ;d]tsf] g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] h'g;'s} avt lg/LIf0f ubf{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
&=
lgof{t k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf lng] a}+sx?n] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lgof{t shf{sf] x/]s ;Ktfx cGTosf] cyf{t\
z'qmjf/;Ddsf] ;fKtflxs ljj/0f o; a}+sdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] k|bfg u/]sf] lgof{t k'g/shf{
;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf ;do ;dodf cGo ljj/0f dfu]sf] avt tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq C0fL a}+sn] pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
*=
lgof{t k'g/shf{ pkef]u u/]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;fFjfAofh e'StfgL Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] lbg ;f] /sd
e'StfgL gu/]df g]kfn /fi6 a}+sl:yt ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] h'g;'s} vftf vr{ n]vL shf{ c;"npk/ ul/ lng / ;f] sf]
vr{ -Debit_ ug]{ clVtof/L g]kfn /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . o;df kl5 s'g} ph'/L jf bflj ul/g] 5}g .
(=
lwtf] ;'/If0fdf lnOPsf] ;'/If0fdf klxnf] bfjL (First Charge) g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] x'g]5 .
!)=
C0f k|of]u ;DaGwdf o;};fy ;+nUg gLltut zt{ tyf dfkb08x? kfngf ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]
adf]lhd gu/]df k|rlnt g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* tyf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g @)^# cg';f/ ;hfo
ePdf d~h'/L 5 .
!!=
zt{ / dfkb08df cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] kl/dfh{g jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] tk{maf6
a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] tk{maf6 clVtof/k|fKt JolQm
b:tvt
M
b:tvt
M
gfd
M
gfd
M
kb
M
kb
M
5fk
M
5fk
M
ljefusfof{no M
ljefusfof{no
M
Olt ;Dat\ @)== ;fn ============ dlxgf =======ut] /f]h ======= z'ed\
293
cg';"rL @!=*
Auditor:
M/s
.
294
1.
2.
3.
AUDIT APPROACH
1.1
Brief description of the Audit plan with focus on the following areas, at minimum:
Declaration of Independence of Audit Firm and Members
Standards followed
Composition of the audit team
Audit schedule
1.2
Brief description of the Audit process and procedures
Audit areas' Risk Assessment
Audit procedures adapted to mitigate identified Audit Risks
Quality control mechanism
1.3
Brief description of the Sampling Procedure and sample size
Sampling methodology
Sample size
Use of system based approaches
1.4
Remarks on the execution of audit plan
Execution of audit and the audit plan
Problems encountered during the audit, if any
Limitations of scope of Audit, if any.
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Opinion on the following:
2.1
Credit Risk Management Systems
2.1.1 Brief description and comment on the adequacy of credit appraisal systems,
2.1.2 Brief description and comment on the adequacy of credit monitoring systems,
2.1.3 Brief description and comment on the adequacy of the credit recovery systems,
2.1.4 Adequacy of Policies and procedure for Write off of Loans,
2.1.5 Adequacy of Policies, guidelines and Controls over Off Balance Sheet Items.
2.1.6 Comment on the concentrations in the credit and investment portfolio,
2.1.7 Risk Management Committees and their effectiveness,
2.1.8 Overall audit opinion on Credit risk management.
2.2
Market Risk (Interest Rate, Liquidity and Foreign Exchange) Management Systems
2.2.1 Adequacy of policies, procedures and guidelines for the market risk management.
2.2.2 Adequacy of the system for measuring, monitoring and mitigation of Market risk.
2.2.3 Risk Management Committees and their effectiveness
2.2.4 Overall audit opinion on Market & liquidity risk management.
2.3
Operational Risk Management System
2.3.1 Adequacy of policies, procedures and guidelines for the Operational risk management.
2.3.2 Adequacy of the system for measuring, monitoring and mitigation of Operational Risk.
2.3.3 Risk Management Committees and their effectiveness
2.3.4 Overall audit opinion on Operational risk management.
INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
Opinion on the following areas:
3.1
Effectiveness of the Audit committee
3.2
Effectiveness of the Internal Audit Function
3.3
Rectification of the deficiencies identified in the previous internal and external audit
reports
3.4
Adequacy of the controls in Credit operations
3.5
Adequacy of the controls in Treasury operations
3.6
Adequacy of the controls in Branch operations
3.7
Adequacy of control over Nostro Bank Operations
3.8
Adequacy of the controls in procedures related to expenditure
3.9
Adequacy of the control over fixed assets.
3.10
Adequacy of the Management Information System (MIS)
3.11
Adequacy of controls over e-banking and Card Operations
3.12
Adequacy of controls in Information Technology and related support functions.
3.13
Effectiveness of the Inter-branch and agency Reconciliation function
3.14
Adequacy of controls to prevent and/or minimize Fraud and forgeries
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4.
3.15
Instances of Fraud and Forgery in the review period
3.16
Existence, adequacy & effectiveness of system audit
3.17
Other Control Issues, if any
3.18
Auditors overall assessment of the internal control system
COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS
Prevailing Statute, Act, Directive and Regulation, at minimum, in the following areas
4.1
Nepal Rastra Bank Act 2058
State whether the conditions as stipulated in Section 86 of Nepal Rastra Bank Act 2058
prevails, if yes please specify.
4.2
Bank and Financial Institution Act 2063
4.2.1 Whether fees and benefits of Chairman and board members are as specified in AOA/MOA
4.2.2 Appointment, qualification and benefits of the chief executive
4.2.3 Profit Appropriation to General Reserve
4.2.4 Appropriation to Exchange Fluctuation Reserve
4.2.5 Distribution of Dividend
4.2.6 Whether the activities are within the scope as defined by BAFIA?
4.2.7 Whether prohibited activities are being pursued?
4.2.8 Control & notification of dormant deposit accounts and unclaimed dividend
4.3
Foreign Exchange Rules and Regulations
4.3.1 Whether payments of goods imported and service import are made as per circulars.
4.3.2 Whether deposit accounts of foreign currency are opened and operated as per circulars.
4.3.3 Whether card transactions are done as per circulars.
4.3.4 Whether foreign exchange transactions are properly recorded and reported in a timely
manner.
4.3.5 Whether investment in foreign currency are made as per standard approved by the Board of
Directors.
4.3.6 Whether payments of exports are received and reported timely as per circulars.
4.3.7 Whether transactions of Indian currency are made as per circulars.
4.4
Minimum Capital fund (Directive No. 1)
4.4.1 Computation of Core Capital, Supplementary Capital and Capital Fund
4.4.2 Computation of Risk Weighted Assets
4.4.3 Comment on the Capital Plan
4.4.4 Overall opinion on capital adequacy
4.5
Loan Classification and Loan Loss Provisioning (Directive No.2)
4.5.1 Comment on the Assets Quality and Classification
4.5.2 Adequacy of Loan Loss Provisions
4.5.3 Whether the rescheduling/restructuring comply with the provisions of the directive
4.5.4 Loan Loss Provisions in case of restructuring and rescheduling of loans
4.5.5 Loan Classification and loan loss provision in respect of force loans
4.5.6 Loan Classification and loan loss provision in respect of loan against personal/corporate
guarantees
4.5.7 Whether the adjustment and Write back of loan loss provision comply with the provisions
of the directive
4.5.8 Overall opinion on Loan classification & provisioning
4.6
Single Obligor Limit & Sectoral Cedit Limit (Directive No.3)
4.6.1 Bank's procedures to identify a group of related borrowers
4.6.2 Comment on the Facilities in excess of Single Obligor Limits, if any
4.6.3 Loan Loss Provision in case of borrowers availing facilities in excess of the SOL
4.6.4 Review and ratification mechanisms for excessive exposures in respect of sectoral credit.
4.6.5 Comments on any exceptions on loan to real estate sector.
4.7
Acounting Policy & Format of the Financial Statement (Directive No.4)
4.7.1 Comment on the Consistency of the Accounting Policies and financial reporting
framework.
4.7.2 Recognition of interest income from loans and advances
4.7.3 Reconciliation of Interest Receivable and Interest Suspense
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4.7.4
4.7.5
4.7.6
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.8.3
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.9.3
4.9.4
4.9.5
4.9.6
4.10
4.11
4.11.1
4.11.2
4.11.3
4.11.4
4.11.5
4.11.6
4.11.7
4.11.8
4.12
4.13
4.13.1
4.13.2
4.13.3
4.13.4
4.14
4.14.1
4.14.2
4.14.3
4.14.4
4.15
4.15.1
4.15.2
4.15.3
4.15.4
4.15.5
4.16
4.16.1
4.16.2
4.17
4.17.1
4.17.2
4.18
4.18.1
297
4.18.2
4.18.3
4.19
4.19.1
4.19.2
4.19.3
4.20
4.20.1
4.20.2
Mechanism to determine cost of fund, yield on earning assets and interest spread
Publication of interest rates
Mobilization of Financial Resources (Directive No. 16)
Concentration of deposits
Resource mobilization beyond the limit
Issuance of debenture and other debt instruments
Deprived Sector Lending (Directive No.17)
Comment on the exceptions observed in the deprived sector lending
Whether the loans classified as deprived sector lending meet the stipulated pre-requisite
conditions
4.20.3 Monitoring mechanism for utilization of deprived sector lending on a half yearly basis
4.21
Merger, Acquisition and Upgradation (Directive No.18)
4.21.1 Fulfillment of the specified requirements for upgradation by the financial institution, where
applicable.
4.21.2 Whether the minimum capital, capital structure meet the stipulated pre-requisite conditions
for merger and/or acquisition, where applicable.
4.21.3 Trading status of stocks in the stock exchange.
4.21.4 Compliance of regulatory provisions on the Merger, Acquisition and Upgradation including
Fit & Proper Test mentioned in BAFIA, 2063 NRB Act, 2058 and Unified Directives.
4.21.5 Overall opinion on Merger, Acquisition and Upgradation.
4.22
AML/CFT (Directive No.19)
4.22.1 AML/CFT policies, procedures and practices formulated and followed.
4.22.2 Adequacy of mechanism, procedures and documents for customer due diligence.
4.22.3 Adequacy of risk based customer classification and monitoring.
4.22.4 Mechanism, procedures and documents for customer due diligence.
4.22.5 Protection of information and documents, including electronic data, of the customer till the
period stipulated in the Act and regulations.
4.22.6 Adequacy of filing and reporting of threshold transactions to Financial Information Unit
(FIU).
4.22.7 Adequacy of filing and reporting of the suspected cases to the internal management and
concerned supervisory authorities. Cases of reporting of money laundering and suspected
financing to terrorism to FIU.
4.23
Subsidiary Company (Directive No.20)
4.23.1 Compliance of directives of Investment in shares and other securities of subsidiary(ies).
4.23.2 Adequacy of consolidation of transactions with the subsidiary(ies).
4.23.3 Harmonized implementation of policies, procedures and systems of holding company in the
subsidiary(ies).
4.23.4 Transactions not based on competitive market price or unauthorized transactions or
transactions not based on Arm's Length relation.
4.23.5 Overall level of disclosure of Related Party Transactions in the periodic financial returns.
4.24
E-banking Directives (Directive No.21)
4.24.1 E-banking policies and procedures formulated and followed.
4.24.2 Adequacy of security maintained in the e-banking trasactions.
4.24.3 Adequacy of conditions on bilateral agreement with agents and third party.
4.25
Miscellaneous Directives (Directive No.22)
4.25.1 Whether insurance agency service offered to its clients.
4.25.2 Authenticity of computer software used.
4.25.3 Preparation of documents in the devnagari script of Nepali language as stipulated in the
directives.
4.25.4 Adequacy of security maintained in SWIFT transaction.
4.25.5 Compliance of taxation, including TDS, and mandatory provisions made by fiscal policy of
Government of Nepal.
4.25.6 Safe Deposit Vault, Locker Service availed.
4.25.7 Compliance of regulations and laws with respect to Auction.
4.25.8 Technical Service Agreement, TSA reached, where applicable.
4.25.9 Adequacy of policies, procedures and mechanism of transactions on derivative products,
where applicable.
4.25.10 Use of Refinancing Facilities availed by the NRB made as per the agreement.
298
4.26
5.
6.
299
300
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